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HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS

AIKEN-AUGUSTA’S MOST SALUBRIOUS NEWSPAPER • FOUNDED IN 2006 From our “Possibly Boring but Still Important News” Department

WATER WARS Attempt

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id you know that May 7 - 13 is (or was, depending on when you read this) Drinking Water Week? True. Here’s hoping you and yours got all of your Drinking Water Week holiday shopping done in time. This special week, though, is more about infrastructure, things like making sure municipal water purification is done right and home plumbing is not built with lead pipes...that sort of thing. We’d like to address water from a different perspective: drinking the stuff. It’s quite a privilege, actually. We on Earth have the only verified liquid H20 in the known universe. Our home (the U.S.) has one of the safest public drinking water supplies in the world. Significantly, we’re more or less made of water; it’s our main ingredient. 60 percent of the body is composed of water, although some parts have even higher water content: muscles are said

to be 75 percent water, the brain 85 percent. Naturally, that means we need water to survive. And we’re constantly losing water. Every breath we exhale involves a tiny loss of water. Every visit to the bathroom (#1 or #2) means more water loss. So does perspiration, which happens more than we realize. If you think everyone agrees we all should drink more water (whether they personally do it or not), you’re wrong. Believe it or not, the need to drink water is a highly controversial subject. For starters there’s the so-called “8x8” rule, that we should all drink eight 8 oz. glasses of water per day. That is, indeed, a medical myth, although it’s one that stubbornly refuses to die and quietly go away. It’s not that the basic facts are false — we definitely need water — it’s that we can and do Please see WATER page 2

MAY 12, 2017

Part P of a 26-part series

FAKE NEWS

With all the headlines about fake news these days, let’s not forget about the very real and very important subject of fake medicine. Fake medicine and the placebo effect is so powerful that it is in large part the standard against which all new drugs are measured. Imagine being a pharmaceutical researcher and spending tens if not hundreds of millions of dollars and years of research to bring a new drug to market, and when it’s ready for testing, your new drug’s performance and efficacy is measured against a placebo. What is a placebo? A medicine that has no active ingredient. Well, you might think, that sets a very low bar for new drugs. All they have to do is be better than a fake drug. But that’s the amazing thing. In test after test where no one knew whether they were taking a real drug or a fake drug, people taking the placebo often say they experience genuine relief from their pain or lack of mobility or nausea or whatever they think the drug is supposed to do. (Usually study participants are never told if the drug they took or were given was the real thing or the placebo.) On the other hand, in many studies people experience the “nocebo” effect. Placebo is Latin for “I shall please,” while nocebo means “I

IS FOR PLACEBO shall harm.” Oddly enough, people unknowingly taking a placebo have given researchers a list of nocebo effects caused by the inert medicine they received: sleeplessness, nausea, dizziness, constipation, headaches, shortness of breath. In one study, about 275 people with severe arm pain were recruited to participate in a clinical trail measuring the effectiveness of acupuncture versus treatment with pain pills. Half received pain medication, half got acupuncture treatment. A few dozen people in each group experienced side effects, which is normal and to be expected. Some of the acupuncture recipients had pain, redness and swelling at the site of the needle injections, while some Please see PLACEBO page 15

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