Volume 50, Issue 9 by The Medium

The Independent Student Newspaper of the University of Toronto Mississauga since 1974

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Issue 9 Volume 50 November 6 2023

The Little Prince: A timeless classic It’s not just a children’s book, but a story for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of life’s most profound truths. Debbie Wong Contributor

he last time I read The Little Prince, I was nine years old. A couple days ago, I found a copy of it covered in dust at the back of my bookshelf and started reading it again. Immediately, I found myself drawn into the book’s narrative world as I read with a newfound understanding of the literature.

The Little Prince is a beloved novella written by French writer Antoine de Saint- Exupéry and originally published in 1943. Saint-Exupéry made some astonishing works in the art of storytelling. His writing is poetic yet simple. Despite often being considered a children’s book, The Little Prince has charmed readers of all ages for generations with its deep philosophy on life. As our protagonist, the little prince, visits different planets, he encounters an array of characters who each represent an adult vice or shortcoming: the self-absorbed king, the greedy man, and the narrow-minded lamplighter. The little prince’s trip serves as a metaphor for self-discovery, and it emphasizes the importance of understanding connection in a world marked by materialism. The Little Prince has a non-linear and introspective style of storytelling. The story is told from the perspective of the aviator, who recalls his encounter with the little prince after his plane crashes in a desert that the little prince is traversing. Things happen in the present tense. Flashbacks and philosophical reflections within the narrative enrich the book’s themes and also emphasize the contrast between the absurdity of adult world and the little prince’s innocence. One of the unique features of The Little Prince is the inclusion of the author’s own illustrations. These drawings complement the text and add a layer of enchantment to the story. They often reveal notions and subtleties that words alone cannot express, making the experience of reading the book more immersive. As I was reading the story, I couldn’t help but notice the little prince’s childlike innocence. It serves as a mirror, reflecting the complexities of adult life. During his journeys from one asteroid to another, he interacts with a cast of odd characters, each reflecting one side of human nature. They offer us valuable lessons and allow us to reflect on our behaviours and choices. Reading The Little Prince as a child at the age of nine was like embarking on a whimsical adventure through a world of illustrations and tales. Back then, I saw it as a heartwarming story of friendship and imagination. Today, as an adult revisiting the beloved classic, I find myself marveling at the layers of wisdom that my younger self never saw or understood. It reminds me of how much life has transformed since that innocent age—the complexities, the responsibilities, and the experiences that have shaped me. I’ve come to realize that in the midst of life’s hectic pace, I sometimes forget the wisdom of slowing down and seeing the world through a child’s eyes. Children, as I observe, possess an innate ability to simplify complex ideas and see the beauty in life’s simple details. The Little Prince encourages us to look beyond the surface, to see with our hearts, and to appreciate the vital things in life. I wholeheartedly recommend it to anyone seeking a literary journey that is as enchanting as it is enlightening.

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NEWS EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief River Knott editor@themedium.ca Managing Editors Ricardo Jaroslav Valdez managing@themedium.ca

Editor | Larry Lau news@themedium.ca

UTM’s Wellness Den and their Wellness 101 workshops An initiative by the UTM Health & Counselling Centre provides students with wellness and mental health support.

News Larry Lau news@themedium.ca

Celesta Maniatogianni Contributor

Opinion Kareena Kailass opinion@themedium.ca

Features Prisha (Maneka) Nuckchady features@themedium.ca A&E Alisa Samuel arts@themedium.ca Sports Omar Khan sports@themedium.ca Photo Samira Karimova photos@themedium.ca Design Laura Tovar design@themedium.ca Copy Ricardo Jaroslav Valdes jaros@themedium.ca Maja Ting maja@themedium.ca

niversity can be tough. Constantly juggling coursework, exams, work, extracurriculars, and a social life can easily lead to burnout and exhaustion, especially without a proper support system. Mental health support is not a one-size-fits-all solution for students, since there are so many different stressors a university student can face, including their academic performance, financial challenges, and loneliness. Regardless, resources are available, and the University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM) Health & Counselling Centre (HCC) hosts weekly drop-in wellness workshops to help with many of these stressors. Hosted at the Wellness Den in Room 2077A of the William G. Davis Building, Wellness 101 Workshops are offered every Wednesday from 12 p.m. to 1 p.m., and are open to all UTM students looking to improve their wellness or their mental health literacy. Some past workshop topics have included sleep, staying active, financial wellness, and more. The Medium reached out to the UTM HCC through email to learn more about the Wellness Den and their Wellness 101 Workshops. The Wellness Den emphasizes the use of a “Stepped Care” approach to student mental health, which highlights personalized, accessible care options. The HCC explains that this Stepped Care approach “empowers students to explore personalized care options that meet their unique needs, strengths, and level of readiness,” which helps normalize and validate self-care among students. Wellness 101 Workshops are designed to tackle a wide variety of topics and concerns in an intimate workshop setting. The structure and content of each workshop is unique. Students can expect anywhere from 2 to 12 peers in attendance, as well as different levels of formality. “Some workshops can

be very formal and feature presentation slides and handouts, while others can be very discussion and Q&A based.” The goal of the Wellness 101 Workshops is to guide students in embedding wellness strategies into their daily routines. The talks are designed to create a supportive, low-commitment space for students to access mental health support. They also serve as a space for students to share their own experiences with one another, focusing on the benefits of group therapy. Attendees of Wellness 101 sessions can learn about mental well-being in a group setting. Though group settings may be daunting for some, especially when it comes to opening up about personal struggles, the HCC explains that they receive consistently positive feedback from students who have attended group therapy. “The feedback speaks positively about not only the learning and skill building that takes place in a group but also about how attending groups led to them feeling less alone, validated the way they were feeling, and helped them to realize that what they were experiencing wasn’t unusual or strange.” Some future Wellness 101 Workshops to look forward to include understanding Indigenous approaches to wellness, optimizing motivations, and how to improve sleep quality. The next Wellness 101 session will be held on November 8, focusing on academic wellness and the correlation between mental health and academics. The Wellness Den also takes suggestions from the UTM community for future Wellness 101 Workshop topics. Interested individuals can find and sign up for Wellness 101 Workshops by registering on the UTM Health & Counselling Centre website. The Wellness Den offers many other resources for students to work on their mental well-being. These include peer mentorship, mindfulness practice and self-care activities, as well as other educational workshops and drop-in sessions. The Wellness Den also helps direct students to mental health resources available both on- and off-campus.

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Chasing after the entrepreneurial dream Reports reveal that entrepreneurship is on the decline in Canada, due to uncertain economic conditions, rising costs of living, and more. This decline is attributable to uncertainty in the economy, high inflation, and a change in how work is done. High interest rates pose difficulty in financing and may reduce consumer demand for some products, threatening the profitability of small businesses.

Larry Lau News Editor

he world we see today is the result of humankind’s determination, hard work, and creativity. Leaders have brought disparate people together as teams to bring their visions to life. Many such visions came together as a result of people who dreamed of creating something more, some embarking on the journey of entrepreneurship. The Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC) defines an entrepreneur—as a baseline—as “someone who starts or owns a business” and “businesspeople who find their success by taking risks.” Through embracing risk and creativity, entrepreneurs are capable of driving change in the industries they set foot in. They may deploy innovative approaches to various issues in the business world and are willing to deal with the uncertainty that is innate to entrepreneurial endeavours. In a study conducted in 2019, the BDC explored the reasons as to why entrepreneurs decided to take on their roles. The top three reasons cited by respondents include: higher degrees of freedom—at 70 percent; their passion for what they are doing—at 53 per cent; and “financial reasons”—at 34 per cent. Despite these compelling motives, however, an article published by RBC Thought Leadership on October 5, 2023, states that entrepreneurship is on the decline in Canada. The conclusion was drawn based on declining self-employment rates, particularly since the decline relates to dropping numbers of self-employed business that utilize paid help.

Inflation has led to a rise in the cost of living, which makes self-employment less appealing. Leach’s article revealed that in 2022, “self-employed workers [earned] 59 cents for every dollar earned by employees.” Additionally, inflationary forces are leading to a rise in wages, which as revealed in the Bank of Canada’s Business Outlook Survey—Third Quarter of 2023, is expected to be “higher than normal.” This is an issue that smaller businesses may struggle to deal with amidst existing economic and financial conditions. While inflation expectations have declined, firms are expecting inflation to remain above the Bank of Canada’s two per cent target for more than three years. While a higher degree of flexibility is the most cited reason for embarking on entrepreneurial journeys or self-employment, the pandemic has redefined work arrangements. New ways of work such as options for remote work and elements of work-life integration have made the benefit of flexibility no longer as unique to self-employed pursuits. Declining economic conditions have imposed greater challenges to aspiring entrepreneurs, adding to the entrepreneurial path’s element of uncertainty. However, the path of an entrepreneur is defined by its ambiguity, but also by its potential. An entrepreneurial spirit is innate to humanity and development, and visionaries will continue to forge their way forward through the modern world’s shifting conditions. ILLUSTRATION BY BEATRIZ SIMAS/THE MEDIUM

“Unfortunately, Canada’s declining self-employment rate has been concentrated among those that could contribute most to entrepreneurship,” wrote Leach. Historical data from Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Surveys revealed that the Canadian self-employment rate has declined from 1998’s 17.2 per cent to September 2023’s 13.2 per cent. Of the self-employed population, the portion employing paid help has declined from 1998’s 33.5 per cent to 2022’s 27.4 per cent. In its early stages, the Covid-19 pandemic had led to a brief resurgence in selfemployment since some workers were laid off, though the downward trend of self-employment rates has continued following this period.

Introducing ChatGPT to the academic The Medium speaks to Professor Christopher Eaton about the potential opportunities and risks brought by tools such as ChatGPT. Sameera Muna Contributor

he use of ChatGPT in an academic setting has been controversial amongst faculty. Some professors support the use of this technology, while some oppose it. The Medium spoke to Professor Christopher Eaton to gain some insight on the matter. “A lot of the resistance that exists around technology is that it can be used as a shortcut to get things done quickly, which yes it can, but that it is also going to replace the thinking process […] To a certain degree I believe that is true . There is a risk that you could input certain things into a chat bot and get something relatively quickly that is possibly more coherent than your natural writing style,” explained Professor Eaton. The risk of plagiarism is always present when artificial intelligence tools are at students’ disposal, but Professor Eaton emphasized the opportunities and improvements it can bring. “I think there [are] also lots of opportunities here to [look] at text design differently,” stated Professor Eaton, noting that digital tools have been used at the university, but they have not been used for knowledge-building processes. He continued, “It could be a shortcut, [...] it does not replace the actual thinking and putting your ideas into a structured form. It just is a tool to support that.” Professor Eaton mentions “grunt work” that such tools can help with, such as handling citations, grammar, and copy editing. When considering the utilization of ChatGPT in academia, the balance between efficiency and authenticity continues to be the main concern.

At the end of the day, students hold the important role of using the tool correctly, asking themselves how they are benefiting and enhancing their learning. “Is it bypassing your learning? Is it overriding your own understanding of things? If you’re relying on the chatbot to write something, who is actually the writer and who takes responsibility for that,” explained Professor Eaton, stating that whether students view these new devices as a tool is the most important question to ask. As students, we can comprehend that using ChatGPT to pump out an essay at the last minute is not the right approach. The way you think about the technology and your understanding of exactly what you want to come out of it is vital. Students need to tap into what skills they already have, and are bringing into the technology, and deliberate exactly what they want to come out of it.

Professor Eaton suggests focusing on all aspects of the design process, rather than solely focusing on the end product, such as the final mark of an essay. The integration of ChatGPT in academia raises a thoughtprovoking conversation. The divide among faculty, the benefits, and the perceived risk all highlight the fascinating complexity of this technology’s role in academia. The benefits and issues created by such tools highlight the ethical responsibility students have to use them to enhance learning and not override understanding. Academic institutions must remain flexible and forward-thinking, adapting their educational strategies to meet the constantly evolving demands of this technology-driven world.

Professor Eaton explained that as a professor, there are times when a student has clearly used a chatbot to write their work for them. Such students misused the technology as a shortcut instead of something helping to iterate their own ideas and writing. “A lot of the people who are most resistant seem to also have an assumption that we can detect this […] To a certain degree maybe that’s true, especially in its most blatant forms […] I hear many people say they know when AI is used, but I don’t know what they know,” explained Professor Eaton. When AI tools are used properly, it is hard to detect the use of them. And is it necessary to catch students who use AI tools? Ultimately, Professor Eaton notes that such tools are already present in the workplace, and society. As an educational institution that prepares students for future work, it makes little sense to disallow the use of a tool that students will encounter in the future.

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A larger Student Centre for a larger student body The UTMSU will be holding a referendum from November 6 to 9, where students will be campaigning for or against changes to incidental fees for the Student Centre Expansion. Razia Saleh Contributor

he University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM) is home to over 15,000 students, with more students applying and accepting their offers each year. As the student population grows, so does the need for a larger Student Centre. The University of Toronto Mississauga Students’ Union (UTMSU) believes that the proposed expansion of the Student Centre is a crucial step forward for students, providing more resources, including a new office for student clubs and societies, a more efficient Blind Duck Pub, improved services at the UTM Food Centre, and more bookable rooms. All details are outlined in their UTM Student Centre Expansion Report. A referendum will be held from November 6 to 9 and will be the student body’s opportunity to campaign for or against the adoption of Student Centre expansion fees, as well as an increase to Student Centre and Blind Duck fees. Students may vote between November 7 to 9. In a recent interview with The Medium, the UTMSU explained that the primary goal of the Student Centre Expansion is to enhance the student experience. The current Student Centre was originally built in 1999, meeting the needs of 6,000 students at that time. While it has provided sufficient support and use over the years, the population of UTM is growing, and changes to the building are crucial. The expansion project emphasizes making the Student Centre more accessible and inclusive for every student, creating an environment where students of all backgrounds and abilities can comfortably engage in campus life, access resources, participate in campus events, and find a home.

Nevertheless, the expansion will incur expenses for students, reflected through additional charges on incidental fees. The UTMSU hopes to include additional costs of $10 per semester during construction, beginning in Fall 2024 and ending when construction is concluded. Upon the opening of the Student Centre’s expanded spaces, the cost will be increased to $30 per student per semester until project costs are covered. Students will be contributing $24 per session (as opposed to the current $12.50), subject to an annual CPI adjustment capped at 10 per cent. The contribution for the Blind Duck will increase from $3.25 to $4 per session, subject to the above adjustment as well. The contribution for student spaces will increase from $3.75 to $7.2 per session, subject to the aforementioned adjustment. Not all students are up for these new changes. Aisha Kyruk, a fourth-year student completing a double specialist in biology and ecology, finds the expansion unnecessary to the UTM community. “I honestly don’t understand what’s the purpose of it. I think it should stay the way it is. I don’t think students should be paying for it, and I am not willing to pay these additional fees.” The UTMSU explains that the Student Centre Expansion Levy Fee results from a previous referendum and consultations, such that “the fees are not subject to change except for inflationary adjustments.” For there to be solidified changes, another referendum would have to take place for fees to be changed beyond the 10 per cent inflation adjustment cap. The UTMSU plans to continue using student feedback throughout the project to aid in the renovation. They explained that once the ideas and plans are set for the building, the actual expansion will be completed in stages. “Students can start seeing results as early as next year. And all this will be communicated to UTM students, and major decisions regarding design and timeline will be made alongside students as well,” the UTMSU explained. Currently, UTMSU is planning to secure some funding from U of T to support the expansion. The university is currently committed to “give 5o cents for every $1 we raise.” Students interested in voicing their opinions on the Student Centre Expansion may reach out to the UTMSU through email (president@utmsu.ca, vpexternal@utmsu.ca) or Instagram (@myutmsu).

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OPINION

Editor | Kareena Kailass opinion@themedium.ca

The value of sleep Having a consistent sleep schedule may help boost your grades. The Medium

or university students, sleep is a commodity. We spend most of our lives trying to balance our studies with our social lives and often our sleep time gets sacrificed in the process. We look forward to reading weeks, winter breaks, daylight savings—which just happened this past weekend—and long weekends, hoping that we can capitalize on a couple hours of extra sleep. And what’s the problem we face? Sleeping in once or twice will never make up for the countless all-nighters we’ve pulled over the course of the semester.

So, this week at The Medium, we’re encouraging everyone to re-evaluate their sleep schedules. Schedule time for power naps, go to bed before 2 a.m., and sleep in once in a while! It pays to consider your health first, and taking the time to sleep properly is a big part of a healthy lifestyle.

A study conducted by professors from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that there was a direct correlation between a student’s academic performance and the number of hours of sleep they’ve gotten¬— and unfortunately for a lot of us night owls, “getting a good night’s sleep just before a big test is not good enough—it takes several nights in a row of good sleep to make a difference.” To function at our best, especially academically, we need to be maintaining steady sleep schedules, as a well-rested student will surely be able to retain more course content than a student who can’t keep their eyes open in class!

Entrepreneurship: What does it take to start a small business? A look into today’s entrepreneurship ecosystem. Hannah Grace Wang Staff Writer

ntrepreneurship has risen in popularity with advances in new technologies and the ability to shop on social media, but what does the entrepreneurship ecosystem look like today? I had the opportunity to attend the Elevate Festival, a Canadian non-profit that brings together innovation, industry leaders, emerging technologies, and entrepreneurship. In late September, I went to the festival in Toronto to represent my business, The Aesthetics Studio. One thing that really struck me from this experience was how many entrepreneurial startup centres are just here—and how so many of them favour technology startups. At the Elevate Festival, I talked to numerous founders—some, on their first venture, others are serial entrepreneurs—and one thing I realized that everyone had in common was hope: hope that they’ll find the right business mentor, hope they’ll succeed, hope they’ll scale up and make millions. But the other side of hope is delusion. According to Startup Canada’s 2021 consensus, only 11 per cent of businesses have been in business for more than 10 years. This means a lot of startups aren’t sustainable. And yet, our society is encouraging more people to pursue startups full time. A lot of entrepreneurship programs actually require you to work on your venture full time to receive investments. It is estimated that 90 per cent of startups fail, though some people contest this statistic. I don’t think I realized when I started my business just how many different types of entrepreneurships are out there. Startups, favoured by many entrepreneurial hubs and centres, are focused on scaling up. Small businesses, on the other hand, are primarily focused on creating a constant revenue stream and steady growth. The entrepreneurship world loves startups: their fast-paced growth, admirable success, and potential scalability makes for highly appealing investments. Shows like Shark Tank and Dragon’s Den highlight how popular startups are. Then there are freelancers, who also need to possess entrepreneurship qualities to succeed. Personally, I’d argue that a freelance writer is as much of an entrepreneur as someone who sells handmade dog bandanas. When I first started my small business, I didn’t have investors, external funding, or even a business plan. I just wanted to create stickers from drawings I made and start an Etsy store. Looking back, I probably should’ve done more research. But for me, I wasn’t intending on building something to immediately scale up. I just wanted to make some side money. Do I want to scale up? Absolutely, but because I am not working on a technology startup, it’s difficult for me to receive funding or investments because my small business isn’t revolutionary or groundbreaking. It makes sense that investors want to invest in something that has the potential for a big payout—and that is usually a tech-based startups.

The risks and rewards of AI voice acting When you hear a voice in a cartoon or song, do you ever think, was that really a person? Yusuf Larizza-Ali Contributor

hanks to modern technology, it’s possible to make an exact replica of someone’s voice and make it say or even sing whatever you want. At first, this capability seems amazing and opens the door for countless possibilities, however, after a minute of consideration, you start realizing the implications are troubling. Imagine someone making a copy of your voice and directing it to say crazy, even insulting, things that you would never think of. A recent development in artificial intelligence (AI) is the use of the technology to create entirely new songs in the voice of a famous person. I know, it sounded ridiculous to me at first too. Then one night during my daily YouTube browsing, I encountered two AI covers: one of Ariana Grande singing Best Day Ever from SpongeBob, and the other of Squidward singing Gangnam Style. I was intrigued and entertained by both, though more by the latter. I found Squidward’s take on the song so catchy and the inflections were spot on. With the former, perhaps I felt disturbed listening to a real person’s voice, knowing it was not actually their voice but a cheap copy. Regardless, this led me to stumble into more content of various cartoon and video game characters singing along to songs—and I enjoyed it all. That was until I came across several posts on X, formerly known as Twitter, that shared the same sentiment: many voice actors are struggling to find work because of AI. I reeled at this initially, finding it unappreciative of technological achievements, but I see where they’re coming from. I couldn’t imagine being able to do different voices or train as a voice actor only for the entire career field to become dominated by machines.

machine? Isn’t it more interesting learning about the former’s talent than the latter’s ability to copy it? Now let’s get this straight: I’m not completely against AI voices. I don’t see problems with AI covers online since they’re not being made to make money but just to have fun and experiment. It’s no different than someone doing an impersonation of someone’s voice. But once upon a time, there were no computers to enhance voices, so having a great-sounding voice was a huge deal. For example, Alan Reed, the original voice of Fred Flintstone, made Fred the iconic character he is. Like Castellaneta, Reed did many voices—and with AI, we could technically use them in a potential reboot of the series as Reed passed away in 1977. Voice actors, however, would likely see this as taking work away from them, and maybe there’s someone out there with the perfect Flintstone voice. AI voices are an impressive technological advancement that I believe should be taken advantage of. It allows great voices to live on forever and continue to entertain. However, peoples’ voices are their property and stealing them should be no different. Copyright laws need to reflect this, so AI can be used where appropriate and not used without the original speakers’ or their families’ consent.

Imagine your voice being used to say things you disagree with—like a company using your voice on a script you declined because you didn’t agree with its message. As it stands, there are no copyright laws on people’s voices, so companies could get away with doing this. While AI voices sound good, they’re not yet entirely realistic. I’m more impressed by hearing a beautiful sounding voice come from a human than a machine. There have been many voice actors throughout history who have a unique ability to do multiple voices well, such as Dan Castellaneta from The Simpsons. Besides, wouldn’t you rather listen to a human than a

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Gray November: Seasonal depression A reminder to treat yourself with extra compassion as days get shorter. Prisha (Maneka) Nuckchady Features Editor

s the first wave of autumn leaves transform into their different shades of yellow and orange, and we finally dispose of the overbearing heat waves, I feel a sense of freshness. For a while, the scenery seems mesmerizing, with everything weirdly falling into place. But not for long. Shortly after, it’s cold, dark, and gloomy. Will it rain? Snow? How many layers do I need today? Who knows. Regardless, as the weather cools down, many of us get hit with our yearly dose of seasonal depression. Seasonal depression, also known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD), is—you guessed it—a form of depression that is triggered by changes in seasons. While some people may dismiss the disorder for “winter blues,” seasonal depression is now recognized as a legitimate mental health disorder, affecting 15 per cent of Canadians in some form. Most often, SAD begins in the fall, with peaks during the winter months around January. That said, for some, seasonal depression may start in the summer and spring months instead. While people with SAD are affected in different ways, symptoms can include low mood, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, and so on. Research suggests that sunlight may have a role to play. As the days get shorter, and the sun sets sooner, our exposure to sunlight decreases significantly. Experts think that it might be because changes in sunlight affect our hormones and the chemicals in our brains. Our brain gets confused; it seems like we’re having to work in environments where we’d usually sleep. In other words, our bodies can feel out of sync with our actual schedules. As such, shorter days disturb our circadian rhythm—a natural clock in the body that regulates sleep and wake—increasing our production of melatonin (sleep hormones) and similarly decreasing our production of serotonin (mood stabilizer). Whether you are experiencing SAD or are simply starting to get the winter blues, it’s important to recognize your feelings as valid and important. Like with other forms of depression, therapy and medication can help. However, there are alternative strategies we can use

to help ourselves. Whilst I do not have seasonal depression more so than just winter blues, for me, I find that adjusting my sleep schedule helps the most. Little things like spending as much time outdoors as possible to take advantage of the little sunshine available, getting a plant, exercising to raise serotonin levels, Vitamin D, light box therapy, journaling, and so on can prove helpful. Either way, I think that taking the time to acknowledge your feelings is crucial. Whether it’s talking to a mental health professional, a friend, or family, sometimes just releasing your pent-up feelings by vocalizing them can not only provide some immediate relief, but can also improve our emotional responses to stress over time. Whilst it can be scary to talk things out, perhaps it’s exactly what you need. CREDITS FOR ILLUSTRATION: “BAFFLEMENT OF DEPRESSION - ART4GOOD” BY MANAN OBEROI IS LICENSED UNDER CC BY-SA 4.0.

features

Editor | Prisha (Maneka) Nuckchady features@themedium.ca

Think you know yourself better than anyone else? Although we may feel like no one understands us better than ourselves, research shows that our friends may know us better than we think. Prisha (Maneka) Nuckchady Features Editor

any of us have succumbed to the temptation to take a personality test, one of the most popular being the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. It seems then that a lot of us want to understand ourselves better. As much as we hate to admit it, as social beings, we accord significant value to how others view us. Given that these personality tests often rely on self-reporting, how accurately do we know ourselves? How does our self-perception and perception of others affect our interpersonal relationships?

In her co-authored paper titled “I still cannot see it—A replication of blind spots in self-perception,” Dr. Erika Carlson, an associate professor in the department of psychology at the University of Toronto Mississauga, along with other academics, addresses these concerns. Published in 2015, they write: “People tend to believe that they know themselves better than other people know them.” After all, we’re the only ones capable of having recourse to direct knowledge of our thoughts and feelings. However, research has challenged this assumption. It turns out that there are significant barriers to self-knowledge, like personal biases, which may lead us to exaggerate certain beliefs we have about ourselves. Imagine taking your driving test for the first time, feeling as ready as you’ll ever be. You’ve watched countless YouTube videos and even read manuals. Sure, you barely practiced on the road, but you should be fine. Sadly, you fail, explaining it’s just because you didn’t stop for three seconds at any stop signs. You still claim that you’re (supposedly) an amazing driver since you killed it in parallel parking—a skill only few master! But are you really as good a driver as you think? Many people form biases about their cognitive capabilities that complicate their self-understanding. This is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. For example, a survey found that roughly 70 per cent of Canadian drivers believe that they are better drivers than most. Yet, their friends awarded them lower ratings than they assigned themselves. On the other hand, some people underestimate their qualities, indicating that our levels of self-awareness may be lower than we want to believe.

“A growing body of research shows that the impressions others have of an individual’s personality can provide valuable information above and beyond the individual’s selfperception,” adds Dr. Carlson and her co-authors in their paper. So, while their studies found that most people agreed with others about their general personality traits, they did note that we typically unknowingly have blind spots. In other words, people can often be more appreciative of our unique qualities—qualities that we may otherwise be oblivious to. The researchers refer to these special traits as our “blind spots.” But the story might be slightly different when it comes to judging one’s moral character, arguably one of our most influential traits. “Of the many impressions people form of themselves and others, impressions of moral character are likely among the most relevant and conse-

quential,” writes Dr. Carlson and her colleagues in another paper titled “Disagreement About Moral Character Is Linked to Interpersonal Costs.” After all, moral views play a crucial role in our decision-making. For example, it influences who we think we can trust. This, they note, contributes to why judgements about moral character shape interpersonal relationships. Published in 2016, the study notes that it is harder to reconcile our perception of our moral character against the consensual view given by our peers, as they often don’t entirely match up. While being viewed by our peers as someone with a strongly positive moral character can be beneficial, they argue that this mismatch between our perceptions bears costs.

The authors note that our positive judgement about someone might be affected by that person viewing themselves more highly than we view them. “Tom might appear to be arrogant if he claims to be more honest than Jane thinks he is, or their differing viewpoints might create interpersonal conflict,” they explain. “This prediction is based on a growing body of work that suggests people enjoy individuals who acknowledge their flaws more than people who do not.” In fact, admitting your weaknesses is often seen as a sign of authenticity and determination. Given its pivotal role in shaping our relationships, being self-aware is crucial. In addition to improving our relationships and decision-making, it is beneficial to overall well-being. Research shows a positive link between self-awareness and happiness. In particular, studies have found that internal self-awareness—how we see ourselves and our values—improves work satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and content. External self-awareness, which is concerned with how others view us, improves employer-employee relationships and generally increases one’s disposition to act empathetically. Yet, we’re left wondering: How do we do this? How do we maintain an objective perspective on ourselves? Both forms of self-awareness are important; a balance must be established. But there does not seem to be a straightforward answer to these questions. For some, practicing introspection and mindfulness might help, whilst for others, immersing themselves in new experiences might be the way to go. Although personality testing may help provide some insight, we must remember that our self-perception might be flawed, leading to inaccurate results. Regardless, as we continue to understand ourselves better and the way people see us, we have the ability to form more realistic expectations, strengthen our relationships, identify our strengths, make more informed decisions, and improve our well-being.

Arts

Editor | Alisa Samuel arts@themedium.ca

Exploring the music of winter’s past with Stick Season Noah Kahan’s third studio album from 2022 is a meditation on the changing of seasons and the changing of self. Keira Johannson Contributor

t was just last year, during the dark days of winter in a city nearly 3,000 miles from my home, that I discovered the album that would get me through the bitter cold. This fall, as I walk along the campus trails listening to “Growing Sideways” and “All My Love” from Noah Kahan’s 2022 album Stick Season, I’m reminded that the leaves are changing and so am I. Stick Season opens with “Northern Attitude,” a folk tune that introduces the Vermont singer-songwriter’s northern roots, creating the perfect acoustic ambiance for walking alone in the woods amid winter. But the song is so much more than an ode to Kahan’s small, northern hometown of Strafford, Vermont. Lyrics like “Forgive my northern attitude / Oh, I was raised on little light” highlight how Kahan has become a mere reflection of the place he grew up in, which becomes a present theme throughout the entirety of the album. It goes without saying that the title track “Stick Season” is the song of the album. It became Kahan’s breakthrough hit, and all for good reason. “Stick Season” refers to that time of the year between fall and winter when the leaves have fallen but it has yet to snow. The lyrics reflect this transitional period between seasons and relationships: “And I’ll dream each night of some version of you / That I might not have, but I did not lose.” An early snippet of the song went viral on TikTok in 2020 with the lyrics “Doc told me to travel, but there’s COVID on the planes,” a reference to the pandemic measures that kept us all stuck at home. The sixth song on the album, “New Perspective,” outlines

the emotions associated with moving on—from a place, or maybe even a person—and the distance it creates with that which was left behind. I remember coming home for the first time after a semester at university and being shocked at how different everything felt; how different I felt. This wasn’t the case for Kahan. He stayed. And she left. And this song is the product of feeling stuck somewhere in time and place: “Paper bags drift wherever the wind blows / And mine’s full of receipts.” Kahan’s paper bag full of receipts is symbolic of the baggage he carries with him and the memories that he can’t quite let go of. A popular fall holiday gets a title track on the album, but not for the festive reasons you might think. “Halloween,” while slow in tempo, is quick to add a deeper level of lyricism to the album. The song is about leaving a past relationship behind and moving on from the pain associated with it: “And the ash of the home that I started the fire in / It starts to return to the Earth.” Using haunting metaphors and imagery, Kahan depicts how you can be haunted by a place and the people who inhabit it, even after much time has passed. “It’s not Halloween, but the ghost you’re dressed up as / Sure knows how to haunt, yeah, she knows how to haunt.” Kahan introduces the desire to escape the ghosts that haunt him: “I’m leavin’ this town and I’m changin’ my address,” but also the fear of walking away for good.

uncomfortable transition period when you know it’s time to go, but you’re just not quite ready to. The final song on Stick Season is “The View Between Villages,” a song which encapsulates every emotion explored in the ones that preceded it. It’s the perfect song for that drive, you know the one, when you’ve left the place that was holding you back and you’ve returned, anew. “A minute from home but I feel so far from it.” Kahan is back in his hometown, but he’s so far from the person he was when he left. This song introduces a new season: spring. There’s air in his lungs and the last of the bugs have left their homes again. Stick season is over and he’s “back between villages and everything’s still.” This album came to me in a time when I needed it most, and it returns a year later when I’m a completely different person. Though I’m not the same as I was, I’ll always find a piece of myself in the songs on Stick Season. I’ll always return to it when I need clarity in my life or when I’m feeling homesick or haunted by the ghosts of my past.

One of my personal favorites comes from the 12th song, “Homesick.” It contrasts the ghostly track before it with an upbeat melody. Kahan uses the word homesick to describe the feelings of being sick of home and homesick for home. It’s hard to walk away from what we know but it’s the fear of staying in the same place forever that ultimately forces us to leave: “Spend the rest of my life with what could have been / And I will die in the house that I grew up in.” This song marks that

Catch KAWS’ cartoon-inspired art at the AGO this winter The American artist and art collector’s successful use of pop culture motifs have brought his work into the mainstream across the world. Drashti Patel Contributor

rooklyn-based artist Brian Donnelly, more famously known as KAWS, was born in 1974 in Jersey City, New Jersey. The Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO) is currently hosting an original exhibition of his sculptures, paintings, wall murals, altered phone booth advertisements, and product collaborations until March 2024. The exhibition which is curated by Julian Cox, AGO’s deputy director and chief curator, features a larger-than-life painted bronze sculpture titled FAMILY (2021), featuring figures of varying sizes posing as a nuclear family. Akin to the pop artists of the ’60s, his colossal sculptures are often reminiscent of cartoons, and his hard-edge work playfully

highlights line and colour. Donnelly’s work blurs the distinctions between art by intersecting mass media imagery and conventional art and extending beyond the boundaries of the art world.

Christian Dior. Uniqlo, a global clothing brand with a store located in Square One Shopping Centre in Mississauga, Ontario, is currently selling an exclusive collection of Tshirts featuring his artwork.

Graduating from the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan in 1996, he worked in an animation studio and took various trips around the globe slowly commodifying his work. He has built his career over the last two decades by creating consumer products and collaborations with various global brands that possess humour and inspiration from popculture animations.

His work often appropriates imagery from various cartoons, part of classic American animation, such as The Simpsons, The Smurfs, Peanuts, Sesame Street and SpongeBob SquarePants. His work often presents various themes that are integral to daily lives, as seen in companionship (CHUM (2002), SHARE (2019), BFF (2016)), friendship (MAN’S BEST FRIEND (2014)), and more recently Lost Futures (2020-2023), which is inspired by the feeling of being locked up during the extended lockdowns due to the Covid-19 pandemic measures.

His brand was catalyzed by his first trip to Japan, leading to clothing collaborations with Japanese streetwear companies such as Hectic and Undercover. Some other collaborations include work with General Mills, Nike, Supreme, Comme des Garçons, and

Before gaining a professional reputation in the art world, KAWS’s work was showcased

on New York City’s urban landscape through graffiti and advertisements. In 2013, he created a large-scale mural on the wall of a building in downtown Brooklyn, commissioned by the Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM). A scaled-down canvas to model the mural can be found at the AGO Welcome Desk of Level 1, titled UNTITLED (BAM) (2013). His work has been presented at various institutions: the Serpentine Gallery, London, UK; National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne; Brooklyn Museum, New York; Museum of Contemporary Art, Detroit; High Museum of Art, Atlanta; Fire Station, Qatar Museums, Doha; Mori Arts Center Gallery, Tokyo; and the Yuz Museum, Shanghai. He is currently represented by Skarstedt Gallery in New York.

Killers of the Flower Moon: A masterpiece in storytelling, acting, and filmmaking Martin Scorsese’s latest film is so much more than a portrayal of past events. Keira Johannson Contributor

hree and a half hours is considered a long time for any movie to run its course. But while I sat in the theatre watching Killers of the Flower Moon, directed by the legendary filmmaker Martin Scorsese, the runtime of the film—which many have criticized as being too long—went unnoticed amidst the film’s overwhelming and gradually stomach-churning depiction of injustice.

Scorsese has been directing films since the 1960s and is the recipient of numerous accolades. Through his famous partnerships with actors Robert De Niro and Leonardo DiCaprio, Scorsese frequently explores themes of masculinity, violence, moral ambiguity, and corruption; and he often sets his films against the grim aspects of the American society. Killers of the Flower Moon, Scorsese’s most recent film, is a continuation of the director’s career-long meditation on such themes, but he adds an urgency and tenderness, which is needed to tell the historically neglected story of the Osage Indian murders that spanned the early 1900s. Otherwise known as the “Reign of Terror,” The Osage Indian murders were a string of mysterious deaths of Indigenous Peoples in Oklahoma’s Osage Reservation. During the early 20th century, valuable oil was discovered under the Reservation, which gave Osage community members the right to any wealth or royalties incurred by the oil. The discovery of natural resources and the wealth that followed transfixed the public, as the lavish lifestyles, indulgence, and prosperity of Osage Americans contradicted the popular narrative of Indigenous Peoples as belonging to deprived, poor, and segregated communities. At the same time oil was found, the US Congress passed a law obligating all Osage Americans to have white guardians to oversee the handling of their newfound wealth, allowing ample opportunity for whites to exploit and unjustly gain ownership of said wealth. The murders of Osage Americans, which were staged as coincidental deaths or apparent suicides, allowed their guardians to completely seize their assets. Prior to the eventual intervention of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), it is estimated that greed and exploitation killed more than 60 Osage Americans. Killers of the Flower Moon is more than just a reminder of this historical tragedy. Scorsese often explores the ways in which the corrupt nature of power seeps its way into unconventional spaces: in the minds and hearts of ordinary people. DiCaprio plays Ernest Burkhart, a hapless and unclever war veteran perfectly poised to be manipulated by his insidious uncle William Hale (Robert De Niro) to exploit the oil rights of Indigenous women in the Osage reserve. Then comes Mollie Burkhart (Lily Gladstone), a strong-willed and proud Osage woman who quickly falls in love with Ernest. Together, they reside on Osage land, have kids, and continue to receive monetary gains from oil rights. At the beginning of the film, the relationship and comradery between Ernest and Mollie conveys stillness and emotional comfort amidst Ernest’s slow but sure descent into corruption and secrecy. In my opinion, it is the depth of Ernest and Mollie’s relationship that makes the “audacious” ending, as Vanity Fair calls it, so bittersweet and so heart-breaking. Hale sees the docility of his nephew as an opportunity. As the film enters its last hour, the audience is left hoping that Ernest’s devotion and loyalty to his family save him from his uncle’s insidious intentions, but by the time the FBI intervenes and Hale is confronted, it is too late. The fact that Ernest and Mollie’s love was not enough to resist the temptations of wealth drives home Scorsese’s point of how power tarnishes even the most unassuming people. Praised for its commitment to authenticity, the technical aspects of the film, such as the actors’ methodical acting, the sets, ambience, costume design, as well as the music itself, was inspired by real Native Americans and their ideas or priorities. According to an article by The Guardian, 100 Osage were selected to play extras. In the same article, Scorsese remarks that Killers of the Flower Moon is not your typical historical depiction: “The most important thing to remember is that while the story is set in the 1920s, it’s not a ‘historical’ film. What I mean by that is that the effects of the tragedy are still felt within the community.” As I left the theatres, my head was flooding with scrambled thoughts and emotions at having watched a profound masterpiece in storytelling, acting, and filmmaking. Days later while writing this review, Scorsese’s words resonate more than ever: Killers of the Flower Moon is so much more than a historical film. It is tempting to view Indigenous experiences only through a historical lens. The film’s storytelling should remind audiences that history is a living, breathing thing, the effects of which persist into the present day no matter how many films or memorials there are to remediate or remember injustices done in the past.

sports & health

Editor | Omar Khan sports@themedium.ca

Hot and Cold Starts Omar Khan Sports and Health Editor

he Toronto Maple Leafs have begun their 2023-2024 season and it has been just as dynamic and mercurial as fans have expected. The season started with Auston Matthews scoring back-to-back hat tricks against the Montréal Canadiens and the Minnesota Wild. This incredible performance indicated to fans that Matthews was in for a solid year, after being plagued with injuries resulting in less production in the year previous. Another player that is hot to start this season is William Nylander. As many fans know, Nylander is in the last year of his current contract, and his play this season will be a main determining factor in how much he gets paid in his next contract. This situation has motivated Nylander, who is now seen as one of the best players in the world. Nylander has had such an excellent start to the season that he has broken the Leafs record for most consecutive games with a point to start a season. The record was eight, Nylander currently sits at 10. A controversial topic for Leaf fans this season has been the play of Ryan Reaves. Reaves was signed to the team for his leadership and his ability to hit, fight, and provide the Leafs with more toughness overall. In the first two games of the sea-

son, Reaves lived up to these expectations by throwing massive hits and fighting players on the other team. These actions set the tone for the Leafs and motivated the rest of the team, making them feel like standing a few inches taller. Since then, however, Reaves has taken a bit of a backseat, allowing other teams to hit players on the Leafs without a response. This shift has caused fans to question Reaves’ place on the team, since he doesn’t offer much more as a hockey player if he’s not hitting and fighting anymore. This issue was highlighted most recently in a game against the Leafs’ biggest rivals, the Boston Bruins. Bruins captain Brad Marchand, one of the most hated players in the NHL, slew-footed Leafs defenceman Timothy Liljegren into the boards, leaving him in serious pain and with a long-term injury. This dirty play is not something Marchand is unfamiliar with. For fans, however, the most concerning part of this altercation is that no Leafs player went up to Marchand to challenge him or make him answer for the questionable play, highlighting major concerns about toughness and accountability for the Leafs. Reaves was seen talking trash to Marchand from the bench, but nothing else.

one game against Tampa Bay, has not had a productive start to this season. Gregor, while not having a significant role on the team, has not offered the Leafs much aside from a goal in the first game of the season. The Leafs need more from their new additions and a more consistent effort to be successful in this league. While the Leafs did not have the start of the season they envisioned, it wasn’t a complete letdown, and they have only played ten games of an 82-game season. While these first ten games highlighted areas of concern for the Leafs, the team has time to adjust and address these issues before the playoffs and build on some of the positive characteristics they’ve desplayed so far.

Other additions by the Maple Leafs, such as Tyler Bertuzzi, Max Domi, and Noah Gregor, have all been relatively disappointing to start this season. Bertuzzi has had some good moments, but overall, he lacks the energy and tenacity that fans expected when the club signed him. Domi, other than

Basketball is Back The Toronto Raptors are back in action and are bringing the good vibes with them. Justyn Aleluia Columnist

he Toronto Raptors may not be the best team in the league, or even in the Eastern Conference, but for the first time in a long time, they are extremely fun to watch. The ball movement, the chemistry, the locker room vibes—things are slowly coming together both on and off the court for the new-look Raptors. The Raptors kicked off their season with a 97-94 win against the Minnesota Timberwolves, where Dennis Schroder kept fans on his hype train – scoring 22 points to go along with his seven assists. Since the opening game, Schroder is fifth in the league in assists and is slowly cementing himself into a solid starting guard for the Raptors. Schroder has been an extremely versatile player in his tenure thus far, leading the plays on the court, scoring when needed, but also dishing out key passes at critical times. The opening win also marks Darko Rajakovic’s first career win as a head coach and the team showed him all the love in the locker

room, showering him with water to celebrate. Rajakovic seems to have created a new culture in the locker room; the players appear to be happy and more outgoing, responding well to the coach on the court. It’s a stark difference from the Nick Nurse days. The difference became especially apparent after the Raptors’ first game against Nurse’s new team, the Philadelphia 76ers. When asked about seeing Nick Nurse again, Scottie Barnes said: “I don’t know. I didn’t really look over there that much. I was focused on the game... I don’t know… good to see him, I guess.” Though the Raptors lost the game, they showed signs of improvement, specifically in the three-point department – shooting 53% as a team from three. Perhaps the best story of the season so far this season is Scottie Barnes. I know, I know, I’ve spoken a lot about Barnes the past few weeks, but this is his team now and he’s making his mark. In the first game of the season, he racked up a career-high five blocks. He followed that performance up with his second career triple double against the Chicago Bulls, where he added another two blocks. His third game? 24 points, eight rebounds, five assists,

and another two blocks. Barnes is amongst the league leaders in blocks per game since the season started, but even more impressive is that he’s doing it while averaging over 20 points per game, nearly 10 rebounds per game, and almost six assists per game on 51% field goal percentage. Following a disappointing loss to the Portland Trailblazers, the Raptors bounced back with their most impressive win of the season so far. Up against the Milwaukee Bucks and their new star duo of Giannis Antetokounmpo and Damian Lillard, the Raptors put on a show. Siakam, Barnes, and Schroder each put up more than 20 points, Jakob Poeltl had a huge 14-point, 12-rebound, and 4-block double-double, and OG Anunoby held Giannis to only 16 points. The Raptors dismantled the Bucks in an all-around game from the entire squad. The Toronto Raptors get their first big challenge of the season in their upcoming stretch of games, facing the Dallas Mavericks, Boston Celtics, and Milwaukee Bucks in a five-game span. This challenge should give fans a more realistic look at how the Raptors match up with more competitive and playoff-bound

teams. Fans can only hope this new style of play remains steady, with a better record to show for it. Scottie Barnes take a leap to stardom? How will Darko Rajakovic’s new coaching tactics fair for the team? Can the Raptors contend this season? All the answers will come as the Raptors kick off their season at home on Wednesday, October 25, against the Minnesota Timberwolves.

Formula 1’s evident struggles with racism Formula 1 is the most popular international motorsport, representing drivers of various racial backgrounds. However, instances of abhorrent racism still plague the sport. Kuicmar Phot Staff Writer

n September 30, 2023, Liverpool F.C. played against Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. For the third time this Premier League season, a Liverpool player received a red card in a game, followed by the issuance of an additional red card in the second half. Although Liverpool had won the two previous games, playing with a man down in this game resulted in an unfortunate loss. Four red cards in a single season is unheard of, especially considering that Liverpool received only eight across seven previous Premier League seasons, excluding red cards accrued this season One of the red cards this season was overturned following the game by the Football Association (FA), and the one received in the first half of the game against Tottenham was also appealed, though this case was lost. All four red cards issued this season have been deemed controversial by fans and the media. While there are arguments for and against the issuing of the cards, the FA does not appreciate it when their refereeing is questioned for appeal. To add insult to injury, in the game against Tottenham, left winger Luis Diaz scored a goal shortly after the issuing of the red card to put Liverpool up 1-0, only for the goal to be deemed offside minutes later, further upsetting fans. The Professional Game Match Officials Limited (PGMOL) admitted they failed to apply the correct rules to this game, an admission acknowledged by Liverpool as well, making it obvious that the refereeing was sub-par throughout the Tottenham game. This situation was somehow made even more problematic by yet another controversial call made by the referees. The issuing of the red card was controversial, but negating Diaz’s goal by calling offside is one of the biggest mistakes made by Premier League referees since the introduction of Video Assistant Referees (VAR). Upon Liverpool’s request, (PGMOL) released an audio recording of the dialogue held when discussing the off-side call on the goal. In the recording, we hear the replay operator confirm that the goal is on-side and should count, though the VAR fails to inform the referee to overturn the no-goal call, and then claim they “can’t do anything” after the players had resumed play. The game ended 2-1 following an unfortunate own goal in minute 96. If we analyze these various instances as isolated events, it could be chalked up to bad luck, however, the growing pattern of game-by-game punishment received by Liverpool appears malicious to many fans. If we rewind to April 30, 2022, we can see when the tides seem to have shifted against Liverpool. This was another Liverpool-Tottenham game, high in both tempo and intensity. Liverpool went up 3-0 in the first half. Then, at halftime, Liverpool Leftback Andy Robertson made a comment to the linesman, who reacted by elbowing him in the jaw. By minute 93, Tottenham equalized, followed by a winner scored in minute 94 by Diogo Jota to seal the game for Liverpool. There was a huge uproar surrounding this altercation during the game and even more discourse related to the incident following the match. Liverpool’s team manager Jurgen Klopp expressed his outrage at the situation publicly numerous times. He was fined £75,000 and banned from two matches for claiming that the referee, Paul Tierney, had an agenda against Liverpool, a statement Klopp later retracted. Having lost the Premier League by a single point on three occasions in the past 10 years, all three of which had controversial refereeing decisions made against Liverpool’s favor, this season has been nothing but disheartening following the continued controversial refereeing decisions thus far. In the face of these recurring injustices, Liverpool has done its best to persevere to victory, coming close at times. Fans must continue to endure these injustices and hold out hope that the referees will change their ways and their team will succeed.

ILLUSTRATION BY BEATRIZ SIMAS/THE MEDIUM

Puzzle Corner

Editor | Laura Tovar design@themedium.ca

Sleep Themed Word Search! Instructions: See if you can find the words in our Sleep words list in the puzzle below 11/5/23, 11:46 AM

Sleep Word Search - Word Search Labs

Sleep Word Search P L W N S H Q Q B R V N M G D S X S B R B S W C W I N F I S B T L N D F A E E K Y K D X M Q M D F K N Z P Q P E Q M D C X K A L I Y Y Z S F L U D E U N R B L E K W M E G B P T T D J U L H E A U P N M W X O S I Q K X R X X L F N L L A G R U N A Q K O F A O N E H F O A L N S A S T F O C N S F T V U I S M S W K E W M R L Q G H R A Z T Z L G T T P X Z I R S F E X X S K U Y V P L S A A R O B R I R T W R Y V D D D U N C T C N O U O E U W C O X W G J S A M A J A P N X C S H V U X T K O Y J Y U B Y S B S X J T W F I Z I E H L I U Y G N A G W D I A X J V A E L K K L C X Y H A W Y K A J C Q V R N D W N J I S F W Y P O M J X Z J X D G Q Z Z A Q P Q W E J Q F V A K R J N R R B P C L O M L E C O M F Y R E W Q N A O S B K B N O M N T K C Y P K P R C U D D L E C S H W E H S N O R E V O A D Y C D I L B T 1. sleep

2. nap

3. rest

9. snore

10. dream

4. snooze

11. comfy

5. siesta

12. soft 16. alarm

6. pillow

13. warm

7. bed

14. cuddle

8. blanket 15. pajamas