Surface

Material

Material is as direct as it sounds. It's the literal resources used for the structure and aesthetics of any given architectural site.

Material can influence the mood and experience one has surrounding a site. In brutalism, the most common material used is concrete. Though this sometimes varies, the overall impression that material conveys in brutalism is hardness, toughness, and simplicity.

Planes

Planes can relate to many other principles. Planes change the meaning of surface, space, datum, hierarchy, and more. They can direct the eye and restrict it. Planes, much like lines, show us where our boundaries are, and can even suggest circulation.

In brutalism, planes are typically large, thick, and long. Differences in planes used within one architectural piece is also rare, though not unheard of.