St. Louis by Megan Lynn

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ST. LOOPED

IOANNA DEMERTZIS MEGAN HURFORD Midwest to NOWHERE UIC SoA: ARCH 465

GEORGE LOURAS BRANDON SPENCER Instructor: ELVA RUBIO FALL 2010

Dedicated

TO BJARKE AND ELVA, WITHOUT THEM THIS WOULD NOT BE POSSIBLE.

CONTENTS

117

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2: RICHMOND HEIGHTS

CHAPTER 1: ST. LOUIS

Proximity

119

Zoning

121

Research

125

Identity

Infrastructure

Economy

Housing

Education

137

Research

Commerce

181

Concepts

Entertainment

231

Projects

Parks

Sports

135

CHAPTER 3: PROPOSAL

275

CONCLUSION

02 INTRODUCTION

The Midwest to Nowhere Studio was an effort through research and analysis to come up with architectural solutions that would rejuvenate midwestern urban centers that were experiencing a population decline due to suburban sprawl. St. Louis is one of these cities. The research portion of the studio was done to understand the identity and urban context of the city. Research was also done on Richmond Heights, a town that borders the city limits where the proposal would be located. From this thourough analysis an urban vision was able to take form. From the research it was concluded that St. Louis has great civic pride in its sports and public parks. Soccer was a sport that has a long lived legacy in the city that had yet to be acknowledged with a major league club team. It was also determined that the the automobile was the main mode of transportation for the city, as well as the greater midwest. From these conclusions, the project began to take shape. On a large site that borders the city line, a mixed-use stadium that redefines the typology of stadium. This is connected to the interstate highway system with a path that brings the highway through the site and into the surrounding context. The federal funding used to build this would also support the mixed-use program built below the roadways. This combination of sport, infrastructure, and mixed-use program is to be situated in a park of varied typologies that is intended to appeal to a wide range of users and attract more people from near and far to the site.

ST. LOOPED

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1:

ST. LOUIS

St. Louis Research

Identity

U.S. rank in 2000: 18th Area: 62 square miles (2000) Elevation: 535 feet above sea level Average Annual Temperature: 55.4° F Average Annual Precipitation: 46.06 inches of rain; 23.5 inches snow 06 Major Economic Sectors: Services, wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing, government Unemployment Rate: 6.3% (February 2005) Per Capita Income: $16,108 (1999) Major Colleges and Universities: Washington University; Saint Louis University ST. LOOPED ST. LOUIS

Founded: 1763 (incorporated 1822) Head Official: Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) (since2001) CityPopulation: -1980:453,085 -1990:396,685 -2000:348,189 -2003estimate:332,223 Percentchange,1990–2000: -12.2% -U.S.rankin1980:26th -U.S.rankin1990:34th -U.S.rankin2000:53rd MetropolitanAreaPopulation: -1980:2,377,000 -1990:2,492,348 -2000:2,698,687 Percentchange,1990–2000:4.6% -U.S.rankin1980:14th -U.S.rankin1990:Notreported

*Source: http://www.city-data com/c ty/St.-Louis-Missouri.html

Identity

City in Brief

ri R

sou

ri R.

sis

Mis

170

Mis

uri R.

ST. LOUIS

Misso

170

70 40

40 44

270

ipi Mis s

iss

270

ST. LOOPED

sip i R .

270 270

St. Louis Research

Area Greater St. Louis

Missouri

ri R

siss

ipp i R.

270

170

Mis

Lambert-St. Louis

International

270

uri R.

Misso

Creve Coeur

Airport McDonnell County Park

County

PARK 170

10m

i 5m

Forest

P rk 44 Webster Groves

270

DOWN TOWN

WASH U.

40 Edgar McQueen Park

University City

40 SLU Missouri Bo anical Garden

Tower Grove P ark

Willmore

Park

siss i

ppi R

Mis

270

St. Louis Research

Central Proximity

Bush Stadium

Gateway

ARCH

Mi ssi ssi pi R.

70 170

170 70 40 40

44 44 55

i sip

iss

M 44

St. Louis Research

City Limits

GLOBAL EVENT HISTORY 3) 1845-1849 4) 1848–1855 7) 1861–1865 9) 1865–1877

Irish Potato Famine California Gold Rush American Civil War Reconstruction Era

7 11

950,000 850,000 750,000 650,000 550,000 450,000 350,000

250,000 150,000 50,000

2 1

1822

1830

1840

ST. LOUIS’ EVENT HISTORY

1850

1) 1822 St. Louis incorporated as a city 2) 1832-1850 More than 30,000 German immigrants started new lives in St. Louis. 5) 1849 fire on steamboat White Cloud destroyed 15blocks 6) 1860-1870 industrial capability increased by almost 300% 8) 1860 Anheuser-Busch founded

1860

15) 1898 Spanish–American War 19) 1929 Stock Market Crash 20) 1929-1939 The Great Depression 20) 1939-1945 World War II 23) 1947–1991 The Cold War

12 9

11 1870

1880

1890

14 1900

1910

10) 1874 The Eads Bridge, the world's first arched steel truss bridge, was completed 11) 1878 St. Louis’ first Union Station was built 12) 1882 St. Louis Cardinals Baseball team was established 13) 1894 Ralston Purina Company founded 14) 1894–1907 Scott Joplin became King of Ragtime in St. Louis 16) 1904 St. Louis hosted the World's Fair 17) 1926 Chuck Berry, born in St. Louis becomes Rock legend

24) 1955–1968 African-American Civil Rights Movement 25) 1955-1975 Vietnam War 35) 2001 9/11 Terrorist Attack 36) 2009 Obama elected

21 18 1920

22 1930

1940

1950

1960

18) 1927 Charles Lindbergh flew the first non-stop flight from New York to Paris in ‘The Spirit of St. Louis’ 21) 1934 St. Louis Zoo Completed 22) 1943 Betty Grable, born in St. Louis, becomes famous actress 26) 1960 Climatron, geodesic dome, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, by R. Buckminster Fuller, opened 27) 1967 McDonnell Douglas company merged and founded

24 28

33 25

950,000

850,000 750,000 650,000

30 34

450,000 POPULATION RATE

350,000 250,000

32 1970

550,000

1980

1990

150,000

2000

2010

50,000

28) 1968 Gateway Arch opened 29) 1972 Pruitt Igoe housing project fails and becomes demolished 30) 1981 Maya Angelou, born in St. Louis, becomes influential writer/poet 31) 1993 St. Louis suffered extensive damage from flooding 32) 1995 Jack Buck, former Cardinals baseball star enters the National Radio Hall of Fame 33) 1996 Ozzie Smith plays the most famous season of his career 34) 2000 Nelly releases debut album â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Country Grammarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and gains St. Louis recognition

POPULATION DENSITY

<5 5-50 50-200 200-500 500-1,000 1,000-3,000 3,000-5,000 5,000-7,000 7,000-9,000 9,000-15,000 15,000-270,000

1830

1822

1850

ST. LOOPED

16 ST. LOUIS

1930 1910

1890 1870

1950

ST. LOOPED

18 ST. LOUIS

1970

1990

ST. LOOPED

20 ST. LOUIS

2010

“

you can find me in St. Louie Where thE GUN PLAY1 ring all day na na na Some

and some Others just

smoke

and

GOT JOBS

SELL YAY

k c u f

”

l da 4al

-‘St. Louie’ by

NELLY

Safest

ST. LOOPED

22 ST. LOUIS

Identity

Dangerous Neighborhoods Most Dangerous

http://www.city-data.com/city/St.-Louis-Missouri.html

37.6

28.2

MURDER St. Louis Murder

18.8

U.S. Average Murder 9.4

0.0

23 2002 2000 2001

2007 2008 2005 2006 2003 2004

1999

97.0

77.5

58.2

RAPE St. Louis Rape

38.8

U.S. Average Rape 19.4

Identity

Crime

2001 2002 1999 2000

2007 2008 2005 2006 2004 2003

0.0

186.4

ARSON

139.8

St. Louis Arson 93.2

46.6

0.0

3137.0

2509.6

AUTO THEFTS

1582.2

St. Louis Auto Thefts 1254.8

U.S. Average Auto Thefts

627.4

1999

0.0 2008 2007 2006 2004 2005 2002 2003 2001 2000

http://www.city-data.com/city/St.-Louis-Missouri.html

24 ST. LOUIS

2006 2004 2005 2002 2003 2001 1999 2000

2007 2008

ST. LOOPED

U.S. Average Arson

943.5

754.8

ROBBERY

566.1

St. Louis Robbery 377.4

U.S. Average Robbery

188.7

0.0

2007 2008 2005 2006 2004 2003 2001 2002 1999 2000

1439.0

1151.2

863.4

ASSAULTS St. Louis Assaults

575.6

U.S. Average Assaults

287.8

Identity

Crime

2003 2001 2002 1999 2000

2004 2005

0.0 2008 2007 2006

1472.1

1962.8

BURGLARIES St. Louis Burglaries

981.4

490.7

0.0

6394.0

THEFTS

4795.5

St. Louis Thefts U.S. Average Thefts

3197.0

1598.5

0.0 2007 2008 2005 2006 2004 2003 2001 2002 1999 2000 http://www.city-data.com/city/St.-Louis-Missouri.html

26 ST. LOUIS

2007 2008 2005 2006 2004 2003 2001 2002 1999 2000

ST. LOOPED

U.S. Average Burglaries

MOST COMMON INDUSTRY

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 5% Waste Management Services 5% Public Administration 5% Finance and Insurance 6% Accommodation and Food Service 9% Educational Services 12%

Health Care 19%

Waste Management Services 6% Health Care 6% Public Administration 6% Educational Services 7% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 7% Accommodation and Food Services 9% Construction 9%

Identity

Employment

MOST COMMON OCCUPATIONS

Computer specialists 3% Laborers and material movers, hand 3% Retail sales workers except cashiers 3% Other sales and related workers including supervisors 3% Production occupations 3% Management occupations except farmers 5% Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 7% http://www.city-data.com/city/St.-Louis-Missouri.html

28 ST. LOUIS

Administrative support workers 5% Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides 5% Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 6%

ST. LOOPED

Registered nurses 3% Secretaries and administrative assistants 4% Information and record clerks 4% Management occupations except farmers 4%

WHITE HEROINE CRACK POWDER COCAINE PCP

METHAMPHETAMINE

PRIMARY INCOMING SOURCE SECONDARY INCOMING SOURCE

MARIJUANA

OUTGOING SOURCE

Milwaukee, WI

Chicago, IL

Los Angeles, CA Pheonix, AZ Dallas, TX

Tucson, AZ El Paso, TX

Houston, TX

Mexican D T.O.

e Drug Trafficking Identity

ST. LOOPED

30 ST. LOUIS

1,720

2,777

Possession of opium or cocaine and their derivatives

Possession of synthetic narcotics

20,853

Possession of marijuana

9,327

Possession of other dangerous non-narcotic drugs

Identity

Drug Arrests in 2009

Identity

Prostitution

Least

LAMBERT

LACLEDE’S LANDING ST. LOOPED

32 ST. LOUIS

EAST ST. LOUIS DOWNTOWN

CAHOKIA

Most

St. Louis Research

Infrastructure

One of the busiest airports in the country, Lambert-St. Louis International Airport, provides non-stop service to 81 cities and is the 23rd largest airport in the country. Daily, more than 889 flights arrive and depart Lambert for destinations in North America and Europe. In 2005 the first of a three-phase expansion project was underway; the $10 million taxiway reconstruction is projected to be complete in November 2005. The project will construct a new, 9,000-foot runway that will allow for simultaneous landings and fewer flight delays in inclement weather. Rail transportation to St. Louis is provided by Amtrak and bus transportation is by Greyhound.

St. Louis, with a geographically central location, is easily accessible from points through-out the United States via four interstate highways that converge in the city: I-44, I-55, I-64, and I-70. *Source: http //en wikipedia.org/wik /St._Louis,_Missouri

Infrastructure

Metro-Link Light Rail

70 Metro-Link Stations Airports 70

Highways

170

ST. LOOPED

36 ST. LOUIS

170

70 40

40 44

Modes of Transportation 55

STL.

Infrastructure

US Daily Traffic Flow

ST. LOOPED

38 ST. LOUIS

THE

mode of transportation for the

Midwest

SECONDARY STATE ROADS AND ROUTES

PRIMARY HIGHWAYS, TOLLWAYS, AND INTERSTATES

Infrastructure

Main Roads of St. Louis PRIMARY AND SECONDARY THROUGHWAYS COMBINED

LOCATION On the Mississippi River between river mile 171.9 and 191.2 AOR (Above Ohio River) Immediate access to I-64, I-55, I-44, I-70, and other major interstates, at the heart of Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s commercial traffic. Northern-most point on the Mississippi River that normally remains ice-free and open throughout the year. Unimpeded river expressway between St. Louis and New Orleans with no locks or dams in between. Easy access to Illinois River (to Chicago) and Missouri River. Contains 19.3 miles of riverbank. PORT FACILITY Handles more than 32 million tons of freight each year. Major shipper of grain, coal, petroleum products and chemicals. Features over 100 docking facilities with16 public terminals. The third largest inland port in the Midwest. TRANSPORTATION

ST. LOOPED

Easy access to numerous rail lines, interstate highways, pipelines and navigable rivers. Fuel efficiency: One gallon of fuel on a river can carry one ton of freight two and half times farther than a railroad; nine times further than a truck.

40 ST. LOUIS

Infrastructure

Port of St. Louis

Missouris Bridge From East to West - Lewis Bridge - Discovery Bridge - Blanchette Bridge - Daniel Boone Bridge Meramec River From East to West -Union Pacific Bridge -Telegraph Rd. Bridge -BNSF Bridge -Lemay Ferry St. Bridge -I-55 -MO 21 -Gravois Rd. Bridge

-MO 30 -I-44 -MO 141 -Union Pacific Bridge -Union Pacific Bridge -BNSF -I-44 & MO 50 - MO 109

River Des Peres Bridges From North to South -Unions Pacific Bridge -MO 231 -Michigan Ave. Bridge -I-55 -Morganford Ave. Bridge -Gracois Rd. Bridge -Chippewa St. Bridge -Lans Downe Bridge -I-44 -Arsenal St. Bridge

Mississippi River Bridges From South to North

Infrastructure

Main Bridges

-Jefferson Barracks St. Bridge -MacArthur Bridge (CLOSED) -Poplar St. Bridge -Eads Bri (CLOSED TO TRAFFIC -Dr. Martin Luther King Bridge -McKinley Bridge -Merchants Bridge -Chian of Rocks Bridge

Blue /Red Combined Lines -Forest Park -Central West End -Grand -Union Station -Civic Center

-Stadium -8TH & Pine -Convention Center -Arch-Lacledeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing -East River Front

-5th & Missouri -Emerson Park -Jackie JoynerKersee Center -Washington Park -Fairview Heights

Stations Of St. Louis (From East to West)

-Shrewbury -Sunnen -MaplewoodManchester -Brentwood -Richmond Heights -Clayton -Forsyth -University City-Big Bend -Skinker

-Lambert Airport Terminal 1 -Lambert Airport Terminal 2 -North Hanley -UM-St. Louis North -UM-St. Louis South -Rock Road -Wellston -Delmar Loop -Memorial Hospital -Swansea -Belleville -College -Shiloh-Scott

42 ST. LOUIS

Red Line

ST. LOOPED

Blue Line

Infrastructure

Metro-Link St. Louis

Airport use: Open to the public Sectional chart: ST LOUIS Control tower: no ARTCC: KANSAS CITY CENTER FSS: SAINT LOUIS FLIGHT SERVICE STATION NOTAMs facility: STL (NOTAM-D service available) Attendance: 0800-DUSK Pattern altitude: 1113 ft. MSL TPA 1000 FT AGL FOR ACFT OVR 12500 LBS. Wind indicator: lighted Segmented circle: yes Lights: DUSK-DAWN Beacon: white-green (lighted land airport) type: small engine non-commercial

Airport use: Open to the public Activation date: 04/1940 Sectional chart: ST LOUIS Control tower: yes ARTCC: KANSAS CITY CENTER FSS: SAINT LOUIS FLIGHT SERVICE STATION NOTAMs facility: STL (NOTAM-D service available) Attendance: CONTINUOUS Wind indicator: lighted Segmented circle: no Lights: DUSK-DAWN Beacon: white-green (lighted land airport) Landing fee: yes, LNDG FEE BASED ON ACFT WEIGHT COLLECTED BY FBO. Fire and rescue: ARFF index D International operations: customs landing rights airport type: commercial, small engine, international

Infrastructure

Airports

History Of The Railroads In St. Louis A new method of land transport, which later sounded the death knell of the steamboat, began to influence St. Louis in the 1850's. The railroads had spread from the east to reach the Mississippi opposite St. Louis about 1850. There was no bridge across the river at St. Louis, so passengers and freight were hauled across by ferries to the City. Construction began in 1852 of the first railroad west of the Mississippi. This line was called the Pacific Railroad and became the nucleus of the Missouri Pacific system. It was built westward to Jefferson City by 1855 but did not reach Kansas City until 1865 because of the War. Soon after the start of the Pacific line, the Iron Mountain Railroad was constructed southwardly from St. Louis to tap the rich mining sections of southern Missouri, and the North Missouri Railroad (later the Wabash) was built to the north and west. Railroad connections in St. Louis were coordinated in 1889 with the of the Terminal Railroad Association by all railroads entering the City from the east and west. It took over operation of Eads Bridge and Merchants Bridge in 1893, and the railway yards. During the early 1890's it began construction of the new Union Station, which was the largest in the world when it opened in 1894. ( stlouis.missouri.org )

B.N.S.F.

Norfolk southern

ST. LOOPED

44 ST. LOUIS

Central midland railroad

Union pacific railroad

B.N.S.F.

Infrastructure

Railways of St. Louis

St. Louis Infrastructure Timeline

1. 3.

6. 4.

0 19 1

0 19 0

0 18 9

80 18

0 18 7

0 18 6

0 18 5

5. 18

0 18 3

1. 1818 The first streets have been paved.

4. 1874 is the dedication of the Eads Bridge.

8. 1940 Lambert Airport opens

2. 1822 St. Louis is incorporated as a city.

5. 1887 Electric trolley begins operation.

9. 1961 The Mark Twain Expres

3. 1870 Steamboat race from New Orleans to St. Louis takes three days. Steamboat Robert E. Lee wins by three hours. Trip is 1,200 miles total.

6. 1894 Union Station is opened.

10. 1990 Construction on the in alignment from Lambert-St Airport to the 5th and Miss Louis is initiated.

7. 1939 St. Louis Public Service Co. is purchased by National City Lines of Chicago and the introduction of new trollies.

ST. LOOPED

12.

46 ST. LOUIS

13.

10. 9.

11. 1979 Lewis Bridge is completed and opened.

ssway A.K.A US-40 is opened.

12. In November 2004, voters passed amendment 3, also known as the “smoother, safer, sooner” amendment, they gave the Missouri Department of Transportation a vote of confidence to the tune of $1.7 billion to repair Missouri’s bridges and roads over the next several years. The St. Louis region will receive $170 million.

nitial Metro-Link and the t. Louis International souri Station in East St.

10 20

00 20

19 90

19 80

0 19 7

60 19

50 19

19 40

11. 19

13. 2009 I-64 is completely re-opened after being completely shut down due to repairs.

500 commuters

2200 commuters

10 minutes

4300 commuters

10 minutes

47 5500 commuters

10 mi utes

4200 commuters

10 m nutes Infrastructure

5250 commuters

10 min tes

450 commuters

10 m nutes

Comm Co mute e Tim mes

1900 commuters

450 commuters

10 minutes

2.5% 2.5%

5% 5%

12%

64%

Infrastructure

Methods of Commute

48 ST. LOUIS

ST. LOOPED

Other ome tH Work a alk W Train Bus l Carpoo lone Drive A

St. Louis Research

Economy

The economy of St. Louis started in the late 1850’s beginning with Anhueser-Busch.This became one of the largest and most important companies to ever be established in St. Louis. Being a main hub for import and exporting goods,St. Louis has produced items such as pharmaceutical, natural resources, home goods, aircraft, motors, railway, and of course beer. Throughout time, many large coorporations have found their home in St. Louis, relocating their headquarters there. After its peak point in the 1960’s, St. Louis’ economy took a steady turn as a neutral location. The business/coorporations neither went up nor down. Since the beginning of 2009, the coorporations have begun to take a turn for the better, bringing St. Louis slightly back into the game.St. Louis is now known for its biotechnological interest, pharmaceutical production,as well as its aviation production. *Source: http //www city-data.com/us-cities/The-Midwest/St-Louis-Economy.html

BJC Health 21,468 Boeing Defense 15,500 Scott Air Force 12,600 Washington U. 12,368

Wal-Mart 12,250 SSM Health 11,951 U.S. Postal 11,447 Schnucks 10,800 SBC Comm. 9,250

Employees

Economy

Largest Employeers

hardee’s

nestle

country

purina

express scripts

peabody energy energizer holdings

monsanto

shnucks bread

chrysler

sbc communications

anheuser-busch

douglas nestle

express scripts

stl. louis university

campbell

macy’s

peabody energy

monsanto

energizer holdings

gmc talx

walmart

solutia

enterprise rent-a-car

edward

panera

mcdonell-

ssm healthcare

scott air force base

purina

trans states airlines

washington university

bjc health systems

town and

emerson

enterprise rent-a-car

boeing integrated defense sytems jones investments

solutia

hardee’s

town and country

emerson

boeing integrated defense sytems trans states airlines edward jones investments chrysler anheuser-busch stl. louis university gmc shnucks bread

sbc communications

washington university

bjc health systems

douglas

scott air force base

campbell

macy’s

talx

panera

mcdonell-

coorporations and companies

Other

0 0 9 0 5 6 5 0 00 0 90 0

Natural Resources

134 47 0 0 1 700 16 00

Leisure/Hospitality Manufacturing

117995 700 2 5 3 0 00

Government Professional/Business Education/Health Public Utilities

Economy

Labor Force

120

ST. LOOPED

54 ST. LOUIS

number of shipments sent out per day

100

via

Economy

rail

ground

air

Methods of Shipping

river

Economy

Transportation Industry

ST. LOOPED

56 ST. LOUIS

Tranportation Industry

Economy

Pharmaceutical

Pharmaceutical Research

Health Care Centers

+ Pharmaceutical

58 ST. LOUIS

ST. LOOPED

+ + +

Economy

Brewery

ST. LOOPED

60 ST. LOUIS

Breweries

St. Louis Research

Housing

Although St. Louis is home to some of the best historical and affordable housing stocks and neighborhoods in the country. Much of the housing exists outside the city limits.This makes the it into being largely commuter dependent city. Housing in the city tends to be older, with both the median house and apartment year of construction being 1939. Nearly all the housing was built before 1980. Social housing in the city was attempted with the Pruitt Igoe homes (low-income), but failed, and they were torn down. There are 337,539 total households in the city. The mean housing cost in St. Louis is $172,811, while townhouses actually cost more right around $200,000. The median number of rooms in a house is 5.5, while 3.8 in apartments. St. Louis has a variety of housing types and colors of house throughought its diverse neighborhoods. Each neighborhood appears to have its own distinct architectural style. *Source: http //en w kiped a.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri

St. Louis Research

Housing

ST. LOOPED

64 ST. LOUIS

Housing Location

The average single family housing unit in St. Louis has been stable around $130-150k since the late 1990’s. The lack of private urban housing development can be seen in the small number or building permits issued for single family houses.

Housing Comparisons St. Louis Indianapolis Chicago

$200,000

$150,000

$100.000

$50,000

Single Family House Average Cost

$250,000

1996

Housing

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Year

Single Family House Cost

5,000

4,500

3,000

2,000

1,500

66 ST. LOUIS

2,500

ST. LOOPED

3,500

Housing Building Permits Issued

4,000

1,000

500

0 2009

Housing

Housing Permits Issued

St. Louis Research

Education

Education in the St. Louis area was ranked fourth by Forbes magazine in its list of 'Best Places With the Best Education' in February 2003. The St. Louis Public Schools are administered by a seven-member, nonpartisan, elected board of education that appoints a superintendent and serves a sixyear term without compensation. The district received an $8.4 million federal grant for elementary school programs. In addition to its public high schools, St. Louis has an abundance of private and parochial schools, including the largest number of Catholic affiliated secondary institutions in the continental U.S. This is partly due to St. Louis's status as an archdiocese and historically Catholic city. Most of the prestigious private schools reside in West St. Louis County, one of the wealthiest areas in the region. *Source: http //en wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri

St. Louis Research

Education

ST. LOOPED

70 ST. LOUIS

Education Locations

City of St. Louis Schoo District School District African American 51.2% Other 0.2% American Indian 0.8% Asian 2.0% White 43.6%

12 10 COLLEGE

Education

HIGH SCHOOL

MIDDLE SCHOOL

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

St. Louis City Schools

Education in the City of St. Louis

$ $ $ $

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

St. Louis court supervision to desegregate school is lifted

1997

Number of students traveling to city reaches all time high at 1,478

1980

St. Louis under court supervision to desegregate schools

1979

Harris Stone State College is founded

72 ST. LOUIS

TEACHERS ANNUAL INCOME X10,000

2005

2006

2007

ANNUAL ATTENDANCE RATE X10%

ST. LOOPED

$ $ $

$ $ $ $

1999

2008

2009

1954

Court Reverses Decision and Wash. U. is Fully Integrated

1896

Supreme Court legalized segregation

1887

English language only in class rooms by law

1875

City’s first pre-school

1855

First High School

1838

Founding of first elemntary school.

1833

Founding of school board

St. Louis Research

Commerce

St. Louis provides many opportunities for visitors to spend their money. Whether shopping eating, or drinking St. Louis has something for you. The city’s two main malls are the Galleria, and the Chesterfield Mall. The Delmar Loop is a great place to fulfill your “alternative shopping needs.” Plaza Frontenac is the place to go fo your upscale shopping needs containing stores for Louis Vuitton, Neiman Marcus, Tiffany’s, etc. The downtown area has been renovated to become a viable shopping district in an attempt to be similar to larger cities such as Chicago or New York. The Hill neighborhood is home to St. Louis’ Italian community with a variety of Italian restaurants and stores. Some of St. Louis’ native eats range from barbecued pork steaks, Red Hot Riplets, and Slingers. Downtown BB’s Jazz, Blues and Soups provides a delicious meal with top notch live music. *Source: http //en wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri

Commerce

Retail

ST. LOOPED

763 ST. LOUIS

Retail

3939 ST. LOOPED

ST. LOUIS38

Commerce

Restaurants

ST. LOOPED

78 ST. LOUIS

Restaurants

Commerce

Bars

ST. LOOPED

80 ST. LOUIS

Bars

St. Louis Research

Entertainment

In a city like St. Louis it is very easy for one to find ways to entertain himself. It is home to many different museums such as the St. Louis Art Museum and the Missouri Historical Museum. Whether its a play, symphony, movie, or rock concert one of the city’s many theaters is catering to one’s needs almost every day. Famous theaters include the Fabulous Fox and the Muny. The city has a very rich musical history. It is home to many famous musicians including Chuck Berry (early rock legend), Ike and Tina Turner, Sheryl Crowe, and Nelly. There are a number of venues to house this enthusiasm for music. The genre that is most ingrained into the identity of St. Louis is the blues. St. Louis has numerous blues bars that provide nightly performance. One can even go to B.B. King’s own bar and on any given night run into a performance by the guitar legend and St. Louis native. *Source: http //en wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri

Entertainment

Museums

ST. LOOPED

84 ST. LOUIS

Museums

Entertainment

Theaters

ST. LOOPED

86 ST. LOUIS

Theaters

Entertainment

Music

ST. LOOPED

88 ST. LOUIS

Music

Entertainment

Night Clubs

ST. LOOPED

89 ST. LOUIS

Night Clubs

St. Louis Research

Parks

St. Louis is home to a park system that would make many cities proud. The crown jewel of St. Louis parks is Forest Park. At 1,200 acres it is 430 acres larger than NYC’s Central Park. Built in the 1870’s it was greatly influenced by Fredrick Law Olmsted’s work and the pastoral landscape. It is home to numerous cultural institutions such as the St. Louis Art Museum and the Mun theatre. It also is the home of the St. Louis Zoo. All these attractions remain free to the public. Another park of significance is Tower Grove Park, the home to the Missouri Botanical Gardens. It is the cities second largest park. Gateway Park is home to the city’s most famous landmark, the Gateway Arch as well as the Thomas Jefferson Louisiana Purchase Memorial. It is a very vital part to the cities identity. All of these great parks are within the reach of commuters, being easily accessible from numerous highways. *Source: http //en wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri

St. Louis Research

Parks

ST. LOOPED

94 ST. LOUIS

Parks

2 4

5 95

4 6

7 8

9 Parks

Forest Park

2 1

3 9 10 8

5 Forest Park Surroundings

St. Louis University Bilikens

Washington University

Missouri History Museum

Hippo at the St. Louis Zoo

Adolf Hitler, “The Producers” at the Muny Golf and Tennis at the Highlands St. Louis Community College

The Jewel Box

St. Louis Art Museum

4 5

St. Louis Children’s Hospital

3 4

6 7

Parks

StL Zoo

6 9 3

9 9

4 5

St. Louis Zoo Inhabitants

Hippopatomus

Penguins

Elephants

Camels

Meerkats

Rhinoceroses

Giraffes

Gorillas

Monkeys

Tigers

98 ST. LOUIS

ST. LOOPED

St. Louis Research

Sports

Sports play a key role in the city of St. Louis. No other team has the impact than the city’s oldest pro sports franchise, the Cardinals (MLB). As one of the winningest teams in baseball history they are create a civic pride in this midwestern city, often defeating their bitter rivals the Chicago Cubs in a battle for midwest baseball dominance. St. Louis is also home to the Blues, both a reference to the music that was so popular in the city’s history and blue collar work ethic of the city’s people. After a miserable time with the football Cardinals, the team left in the late 1980s for Arizona and was eventually replaced by the Rams from LA, who went on to win a Super Bowl. St. Louis has not had a pro basketball team since the Hawks left for Atlanta, yet is always in the discussion when talks of NBA expansion occur. The major venues in the city are Busch Stadium III, the RCA Dome and the Scottrade Center. *Source: http //en wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri

St. Louis Sports Bring Civic Pride

10165ST. LOOPED

Sports

ST. LOUIS64

Civic Pride

1950 Soccer Legacy

102 ST. LOUIS

Sports

ST. LOOPED

June 29, 1950: USA 1 - 0 England “The Game of Their Lives” Five Starters from St. Louis

St. Louisan’s grow up playing and loving soccer.

103

Sports

Growing Up Soccer

ST. LOOPED

104 ST. LOUIS

105

St. Louis Sports

Professional

PRO1 PRO2 PRO3

Chaifetz Arena SLU Sports Edward Jones Dome Football Busch Stadium Baseball

ST. LOOPED

106 ST. LOUIS

PRO2 PRO1 PRO3

ProfessionalÂ Sports

107

St. Louis Sports

Recreational

REC

ST. LOOPED

REC REC

REC

REC REC REC

REC

REC REC

REC REC REC REC REC

REC REC

REC

REC REC

REC

REC REC

REC

REC REC

REC

REC REC REC

REC REC

REC

REC REC

REC

REC REC

Recreational Sports Gym Locations REC

REC

REC REC REC

REC

REC REC

REC

REC REC

REC

108

REC

ST. LOUIS

EC REC

REC REC REC

St. Louis Sports Cardinals

109

Winning Record

Browns

Losing Record

Hawks

You ’r Fire e d!

Coach Firing

Cardinals

We’ll Miss You!

Major Personnel Loss

Blues

Division Championship

Rams

Conference Championship League Campionship

1830

1840

1880

W 1890

L L L L L L You ’r Fire e d!

W 1900

L L L L L L L L L

You ’r Fire e d!

- 1882: Cardinals debut as the St. Louis Brown Stockings 1.Robinson Field becomes the new home of the ball club from 1893-1920 -1900: Cardinal nickname first used

2.Cy Young joins the Cardinals from 1899-1900. Would finish his career with more wins than any other pitcher of all-time. The Cy Young Award is given out each year to each leagues top pitcher.

W 1890

L L L L L L You ’r Fire e d!

W 1900

L L L L L L L L L

You ’r Fire e d!

- 1882: Cardinals debut as the St. Louis Brown Stockings 1.Robinson Field becomes the new home of the ball club from 1893-1920 -1900: Cardinal nickname first used

2.Cy Young joins the Cardinals from 1899-1900. Would finish his career with more wins than any other pitcher of all-time. The Cy Young Award is given out each year to each leagues top pitcher.

WW WW

1910

1920

L L L L L L L L L L L L L L We’ll L Miss L L L L L L You! L L You ’r Fire e d!

You ’r Fire e d!

- 1900-1902: The Brown Stockings become the Cardinals. St. Louis gets an AL team that re-adopts the Browns nickname. They would go on to be the least successful franchise in St. Louis history.

WWWW L L L L L L L You ’r Fire e d!

You ’r Fire e d!

3.1915-1926: Roger Hornsby would win the 1925 NL MVP as well as the Triple Crown 4. Branch Rickey is the team president from 1917-1942. As the president of the Dodgers he would sign Jackie Robinson.

5. Sportsmans Park is the home of the Cardinals from 1920-1966. Eventually would be renamed Busch Stadium. 6. Bob O’Farrell 1926 MVP Jim Bottomley: 1928 MVP

WWWW

WWWWW

W WWWWWWWWWWW

1930

1940

L L L L L L L L L L L L L L

7. Grover Cleveland Alexander 8. Dizzy Dean: 1934 MVP

9. “Gashouse Gang” wins the 1937 WS on Joe Medwick’s brawl inciting game 7 slide. That year Medwick won the MVP and Triple Crown.

L L L L

10. 1941-1963: Stan “the Man” Musial: 1943, 1946, and 1948 MVP; 3,630 career hits. 11. Enos Slaughter’s “Mad Dash” wins the 1946 WS.

15 13 16

W W

WWW 1950

L L L L L

W W

D 14 W W D W WW W W WWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

L L L W l Mi Y u

You ’r Fire e d!

L L You ’r Fire e d!

1960

L L You ’r Fire e d!

We’ll W l Mis M Y u Y

L L L L

12. 1953-1990: August A. Busch; Owner

13. 1955-1965: Bob Pettit 1956 and 1959 NBA MVP

-1953: AL Browns move to Baltimore

14. Ken Boyer: 1964 MVP

15. 1959-1974: Bob Gibson 1968 and 1970 Cy Young 1968 MVP 1964 and 1967 WS MVP

-1960: St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)

16. 1960-1968: Lenny Wilkens

-1966: St. Louis Blues (NHL)

17. Joe Torre: 1971 MVP

-1955: Hawks (NBA) move to St. Louis

1970

L L

24 23

W D D WWWW WWWWW

L L L L L L L

You ’r Fire e d!

We’ll Miss You!

You ’r Fire e d!

18. 1967-1971: Glenn Hall 1968 Conn Smythe Trophy 19. 1964-1979: Lou Brock 938 Career Stolen Bases

D D WWWW We’ll Miss You!

1980

L L L L L L L L L L L L L L

You ’r Fire e d!

D W W W W D D D WWWW L L L

You ’r Fire e d!

WW WWWW L

1990

You ’r Fire e d!

L 22. 1980-1981: Whitey Herzog Manager

22. 1954-2001: Jack Buk Legendary Commentator 23. 1982-1996 Ozzie Smith “The Wizard of Oz” 13 Gold Gloves

20. 1970-1979: Gary Unger -1987: Cardinals (NFL) move

24. 1987-1998: Brett Hull 1991 Hart Trophy Blues All-Time Goal Scorer -1995 Rams (NFL) move to St. Louis from Los Angeles

27 25 26

WW WWW You ’r Fire e d!

L L You ’r Fire e d!

We’ll Miss You! You ’r Fire e d!

L L

L L L We’ll L Miss

2000

We’ll Miss You!

You!

L You ’r Fire e d!

116 ST. LOUIS

D W D WW W WWW D D W D D D WW D D D WWWWWWWWWWW

ST. LOOPED

W D WW

L L L L L L L L L

You ’r Fire e d!

25. 1996-Pres: Tony LaRussa Manager

27. 1998-2003: Kurt Warner 1999 and 2001 MVP

26. 1998: Mark McGwire fueled by steroids breaks the single season HR record with 70, saving baseball in the process.

28. 1999-2005: Marshall Faulk 3 Time Offensive MVP 29. 2001-Pres: Albert Pujols 2005, 2008, and 2009 MVP

2010

CHAPTER 2:

117

RICHMOND HEIGHTS

170 Lambert-St. Louis

International

Airport 70

McDonnell County Park

270

10m

170

University City

Forest

Park

Site

Edgar McQueeny Park

DOWN TOWN

WASH U.

SLU

40 Scottrade Center B u s h Stadium

Missouri Botanical Garden

Tower Grove Park

Webster Groves

Willmore

10 Mile Radius

Mi ssi

ssi p

pi R

Park

270

Central Proximity

E d wa rd Jo n e s Do m e

Gateway

ARCH

170

University City

WASH U.

Forest

40 40

Site

Park 44

Willmore

SLU Missouri Botanical Garden

Tower Grove Park

Webster Groves 44

Park

Central Proximity

5 Mile Radius

Clayto

Lay Rd.

n Rd.

Clayton R

170

Dale Ave.

Single Family Residential District Two-Family Residential District Multi-Family Residential District

Zoning

LaClede Station Rd.

Hanley Rd.

Bruno Ave.

Residential Districts

Yale Ave .

Clayto

Lay Rd.

n Rd.

Clayton R

170

LaClede Station Rd.

Bruno Ave.

Hanley Rd.

122 RICHMOND HEIGHTS

Neighborhood Buisness District General Buisness District

ST. LOOPED

Dale Ave.

Yale Ave .

Zoning

Business Districts

Clayto

Lay Rd.

n Rd.

Clayton R

170

Dale Ave.

Zoning

LaClede Station Rd.

Bruno Ave.

Hanley Rd.

117

Zoning Allowance- Mixed Uses Zoning Allowance- Residential Zoning Allowance- Commercial

Special Allowance

Yale Ave .

Clayto

Lay Rd.

n Rd.

Clayton R

170

LaClede Station Rd.

Hanley Rd.

Neighborhood Buisness District General Buisness District

PLANNED DISTRICTS

Zoning Allowance- Mixed Uses Zoning Allowance- Residential Zoning Allowance- Commercial

RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS Single Family Residential District Two-Family Residential District Multi-Family Residential District

124 RICHMOND HEIGHTS

BUISNESS DISTRICTS

Bruno Ave.

ST. LOOPED

Dale Ave.

Yale Ave .

ST. LOOPED

BIG BOX v e r s us Residential

126 RICHMOND HEIGHTS

St. Louis Galleria 1984

St. Louis Highways increased # of lanes in order to keep up with economic growth. 2008 Research

Galleria Influence

ST. LOOPED

Big Box 2005

Neighborhood Buisness 1995

128 RICHMOND HEIGHTS

I n 2006, the city was listed as having the ninth worst traffic commutes in the country. Since then, the city has a new traffic monitoring system, the Gateway Guide, which informs commuters of drive times and accident/road construction via message boards throughout the metropolitan freeways. The main east/west interstate I-64, known as Hwy 40 locally, was completely rebuilt, and reopened in December 2009. After Construction ended in 2009 on Highway 40, St. Louis went from ninth to forty-fifth in worst traffic commutes. Only thanks to Interstate 270, where the worst bottleneck was found to be at Dough129 erty Ferry Road. Weekly hours of bottleneck congestion: 89 Length of worst bottleneck: 1.26 miles Weekly hours of congestion on worst bottleneck: 15 Worst speed bottleneck when congested: 24.5 mph.

I-170

I 40 ST. LOOPED

130 RICHMOND HEIGHTS

“At one time, a very stable and middle class African-American neighborhood. But because of the prime location speculators have been buying up properties for years”

Research

Prime Location

Large Single Family Home: 23,300+ sf

10-15,000 sf

131 5,000 sf Small Single Family Home Two Family Home

Multi-Family Home

Research

Scale of Housing

ST. LOOPED

132 RICHMOND HEIGHTS

133

ST. LOOPED

Business Demographic Research RICHMOND HEIGHTS 130

1 Travel

Technology

Services

Restaurant/Hotel

Real Estate/Contractors

Legal

Jewelry

Home/Garden

Healthcare

Grocery/Food/Liquor

Gifts/Books

General Retail Stores

Fitness/Wellness/Beauty

Entertainment/Music

14 16

Construction

Clothing/Shoes/Accessories

Banking/Financial

Automotive

Art

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Animals

464 Total Businesses

89 70 47

33 21 3

19 Rape

AR PE

100 Murder

Auto Theft

Burglary

Assult Richmond Heights From 2001-2008

7 Year Crime Rate

134 RICHMOND HEIGHTS

7 414 5,058 Arson

ST. LOOPED

366

CHAPTER 3:

PROPOSAL

135

ST. LOOPED

136 PROPOSAL

137

ST. LOOPED

Research138 PROPOSAL

Sports

St. Louis Sports Bring Civic Pride

13 Research

Civic Pride

June 29, 1950: USA 1 - 0 England “The Game of Their Lives” Five Starters from St. Louis

ST. LOOPED

Research140 PROPOSAL

1950 Soccer Legacy

St. Louisan’s grow up playing and loving soccer.

141Research

Growing Up Soccer

ST. LOOPED

Growing up Soccer

PROPOSAL

Research 142

143 Research

Growing Up Soccer

Can MLS Soccer be the economic and formal catalyst the site needs?

ST. LOOPED

Site Catalyst

PROPOSAL

Research144

Toyota Park Chicago, Illinois 20,000

Stadium Scales

Stamford Bridge London, England 42,000

Allianz Arena Munich, Germany 69,000

Stadium Taxonomy

San Siro Milan, Italy 80,000

Camp Nou Barcelona, Spain 99,000

Estadio Azteca Mexico City, Mexico 104,000

ST. LOOPED

146 PROPOSAL

147 Stadium Scales: American Single-Purpose

Toyota Park: 20,000

ST. LOOPED

Stamford Bridge: 42,000

PROPOSAL

Stadium Scales: English “Cozy” Single-Purpose148

149 Stadium Scales: German World Cup Final Venue 2006

Allianz Arena: 69,000

ST. LOOPED

Stadium Scales: Italian Large Single-Purpose150 PROPOSAL

San Siro: 80,000

151Stadium Scales: Spanish Large Single-Purpose

Camp Nou: 99,000

ST. LOOPED

Estadio Azteca: 104,000

PROPOSAL

Stadium Scales: Mexican Olympic Stadium, World Cup Finals (1970, 1986) 152

153

ST. LOOPED

Infrastructure

PROPOSAL

Research154

STL.

155 Research

US Daily Traffic Flow

THE

156 PROPOSAL

Midwest

ST. LOOPED

mode o f transportation for the

Research

Infrastructure Tokyo

ST. LOOPED

Infrastructure Tokyo

PROPOSAL

Research158

Research

Penetrating Building

ST. LOOPED

Wrapping Building

PROPOSAL

Research in Anaheim, CA160

Autobahn, Germany

Research

Bangkok, Thailand

The Puxi Viaduct, Shanghai, China

Highway Taxonomy

Gravelly Hill Interchange, Birmingham, UK

Bangkok, Thailand

i-95 and i-659 intercange, Maryland

ST. LOOPED

162 PROPOSAL

Research

The Puxi Viaduct, Shanghai

ST. LOOPED

Bangkok, Thailand

PROPOSAL

Research164

Research

Bangkok, Thailand

ST. LOOPED

Research166 PROPOSAL

and -659I-659 intercange, Maryland I-95 and intercange, MA

SCALE CHECK: Applying successful highway syst ms to our site

Research

Gravelly Hill, UK

ST. LOOPED

The Autobahn, Germany

PROPOSAL

Research168

169

ST. LOOPED

170 PROPOSAL

Concepts

181

ST. LOOPED

Concepts 182 PROPOSAL

Stadium + Event Space

183

ST. LOOPED

Stadium + Event Space

PROPOSAL

Concepts184

0 HW

Y 4

nle

led

e S

tat

ion

y R

Br un

o A ve

185 Concepts

Stadium as Catalyst

nle

y R

e S

tat

ion

ST. LOOPED

led

o A ve

0 Y 4

Y 4

Soccer Stadium Soccer Facilities Stadium Prem. Parking Retail/Bars/Restaurants Sports Park Park/”Lobby” Parking

Program Incorporated

PROPOSAL

Concepts186

0 HW

Y 4

nle

y R

e S

tat

ion

Br un

led

o A ve

187Concepts

Allows for Park Space

0 Y 4

Y 4

nle

y R

led

e S

tat

ion

ST. LOOPED

o A ve

Br un

Incorporate the Car

PROPOSAL

Concepts188

189Concepts

Creating a New Icon

The Gateway Arch is an icon that commemorates what St. Louis was in the past, the primary gateway to the west through river travel. y 40

Highwa

Site

ST. LOOPED

Concepts190 PROPOSAL

St. Louis Arch

Like the arch, soccer is a piece of St. Louis’ proud legacy as a city. The high point for both was in the middle of the past century. St. Louis needs a new icon of the future as well as a way to renew soccer’s legacy.

191 Concepts

y 40

Highwa

Event Introduced

The Arch geometry is used as a starting point allowing for the creation of a new icon that has a relation to the current identity of the city. It is transformed to support the new contemporary programs and identity of St. Louis.

y 40

Highwa

ST. LOOPED

Tipped

PROPOSAL

Concepts192

The Arch becomes the Loop, a symbol of a new beginning and a search for a new identity for St. Louis. The city has come full circle and is ready to begin its ascent once again.

193 Concepts

Wrapped

y 40

Highwa

The new loop widens to allow for the necessary program mixing and soccer stadium functions to be placed within. y 40

Highwa

ST. LOOPED

Thickened

PROPOSAL

Concepts194

One end of the loop is raised in order to allow automobile traffic to flow through the loop. This also allows connection between a public plaza and the stadium embedded within.

y 40

Highwa

Plaza

195

Concepts

Overlapped

The loop is given extra height on the southwest side and extended at one end to allow for uninterrupted views to the Arch. A connection between new and old icons of St. Louis. The St. Loop is completed. Two new event spaces are created.

y 40

Highwa

Views to the Arch Event Space

Event Space Plaza ST. LOOPED

St. LOOPed

PROPOSAL

Concepts196

197

ST. LOOPED

Infrastructure

PROPOSAL

Concepts 198

Typical Lane

12’

Two-Lane with Curb

Highway CondictionOutside Shoulder, Lane, Inner Shoulder, Median

Ramp 199 Concepts

2’

24’

10’

12’

4’

varying

Typical Road Typologies

Parking Stack- One-Way Section- 1/32”=1’

Parking Stack- One-Way Plan- 1/32”=1’

ST. LOOPED

Parking Split- One-Way Section- 1/32”=1’

New Road Typologies

PROPOSAL

Concepts200

Split/Stagger- Two-Way Plan- 1/32”=1’

201Concepts

Stack/Stagger- Two-Way Section- 1/32”=1’

New Road Typologies

Stack/Split- Two-Way Plan- 1/32”=1’

Stack/Split- Two-Way Section- 1/32”=1’

ST. LOOPED

New Road Typologies

PROPOSAL

Concepts202

Split- Two Way Section- 1/32”=1’

Split- Two Way Plan 1/32”=1’

203Concepts

New Road Typologies

Stack/Span- Two Way Section- 1/32”=1’ Stack/Span- Two Way Plan- 1/32”=1’ ST. LOOPED

New Road Typologies

PROPOSAL

Concepts204

Stadium Relationship to Highway

205Concepts

Site

y 4

Entrance from Highway

y 4

ST. LOOPED

Highway Connection

PROPOSAL

Concepts206

Pierces the Stadium Wraps Around Exit to the Highway

207Concepts

y 4

Stadium Wrapped

Exit and Entrance Ramp from South of Site Connection to Public Transportation Pedestrian Bridge

y 4

ST. LOOPED

Site Exits Created

PROPOSAL

Concepts208

ST. LOOPED

Program

PROPOSAL

Concepts210

Sporting Events

Event Space

Theaters Sporting Events

Housing

Theaters Active

Park

Commercial

Hotel

Infrastructure

Entertainment

Passive store

Bars Restaurants Stores Professional Family Pedestrian Automobile Sports Courts Sports Book Preformance Space Greenhouse

211Concepts

Program Needs

Event Space

Housing

Park

Commercial

store

Hotel

Infrastructure

Entertainment ST. LOOPED

Concepts 212 PROPOSAL

Packing Program

Entertainment Infrastructure Hotel Commercial Housing store

stor

EventÂ Space

stor

213Concepts

stor

PackingÂ Program

store

Commercial

store

Housing

Entertainment Event Space

ST. LOOPED

Packing Program

PROPOSAL

Concepts214

Entertainment Commercial

Hotel

ore

215 Concepts

PackingÂ Program

store

Entertainment Commercial

store

Event Space

ore

stor

tore

stor

ST. LOOPED

Packing Program

PROPOSAL

Concepts216

Proposal-Road Typology One-way Possible dwelling

28’

2 Lanes Possible dwelling

40’

217Concepts

Road Width Variations

Proposal-Road Typology Three Lanes Possible dwelling

store

58’ 4 Lanes Possible dwelling

store

store store ST. LOOPED

70’

Road Width Variations

PROPOSAL

Concepts 218

Concepts

Parks

221

Concepts

Events in Landscape

Concepts

Forest Park

223

Concepts

NodeÂ Connections

Concepts

Tower Grove Park

225

Concepts

Landscape for Icon

Concepts

GatewayÂ Park

Tennis Volleyball

+ +

+ Rails Soccer

Ramps

Hockey

Ground Fountain

Skate Park

Obsticle Fountain

Sculpture

Maze

Interactive Park 227 Concepts

Bowls

Basketball

Sports Park

Sculpture Park

High Activity Parks

+ Mound

Tree

Tree Park

+ Orchard

+ Vineyard

Open Space

Pond

Dog Park

Annual Crops

Flowers Perennial Crops

ST. LOOPED

Garden Park

Market

Flower Park

Reduced Activity Parks

PROPOSAL

Concepts228

Skate Park 100:0

Topography

Ramps/Grind

Rails

Sports Park

85:20

Tennis

Volleyball

Soccer

Obsticle

Maze

Ground Fountain

Basketball

Hockey

Soft Surface

Vineyard

Soft Surface

Market

Interactive Park

70:30

Sculpture Park 55:45

Hard Surface Soft Surface

Water Source

Tree Park 0:100

Trees

Dog Park

Soft Surface Water Source

30:70

Hard Surface Soft Surface

Water Source

Garden Park 10:90

Flower Park

Perennial Crops

Orchard

Annual Crops

Flower Beds

Soft Surface

Market

20:100

229 Concepts

Hardscape:Softscape

ST. LOOPED

Banded

PROPOSAL

Concepts230

231

Projects

ST. LOOPED

232 PROPOSAL

Event Space Infrastructure Packed Program Parks

233

ST. LOOPED

Cantilevered View

234 PROPOSAL

Projects

Project

Stadium + Event Space

Dn up up

up Dn

ST. LOOPED

1st Floor: Parking

236 PROPOSAL

Projects

237

Projects

4th Flr.: Retail + Ent.

ST. LOOPED

8th Flr.: Dwelling

238 PROPOSAL

Projects

239

Projects

9th Flr.: Dwelling + Hall

6 9

9 8

1. Stadium 2. Concourse 3. Park ng 4. Reta l/ Enterta nment 5. Dwelling 6. Hotel 7. Roadway 8. Exter or Terrace 9. Theater/ Performance Hall

ST. LOOPED

Longitudinal Section

240 PROPOSAL

Projects

241

100

500

250

Projects

TransverseÂ Section

ST. LOOPED

Projects

PROPOSAL

Public Plaza

242

243

Projects

ElevatedÂ Promenade

ST. LOOPED

Stadium Views

244 PROPOSAL

Projects

Infrastructure

ST. LOOPED

Road Layout

246 PROPOSAL

Projects

+ Road

247

Promenade

Projects

Road Manipulation

Typical Road, One-way

Curved, One-way

ST. LOOPED

Projects

PROPOSAL

Road Manipulation

248

e iv

dlkr

a w Manipulated, Add Promenade

k l a

Manipulated, Two-Way, Promenade 249

e v n i r d eru k i b

e iv

r d

Projects

Road Manipulation

drive

k r a p un

e k i kb

Manipulated, Add Parking

drive

n u r e k lkbi

k r a p Projects

250 PROPOSAL

Road Manipulation

ST. LOOPED

Manipulated, Switch

251

drive

e v i dr

wal

park

Manipulated, Multilevel

drive k wal

k r a p

run

e k i b

k l a w

Manipulated, Multilevel, Switch

Projects

Road Manipulation

drive drive

run

walk bike

e v ri

k l a

e v ri

Two-Way, In Stadium

Road Manipulation

252 PROPOSAL

Projects

ST. LOOPED

Two-Way, In Stadium, Flip

253

Projects

InnerÂ Paths

ST. LOOPED

Projects

PROPOSAL

Connection

254

Program

The highway creates space undernieth which is often under utilized.

ST. LOOPED

Highway

256 PROPOSAL

Projects

By pushing down the ground plane of the highway space is created which can be used to house program.

257

Projects

Space

Infinite dimensions of space and program are made possible by the use of the module.

ST. LOOPED

Module

258 PROPOSAL

Projects

The highway, which was funded using Federal dollars, now becomes a destination itself.

259

Projects

Combined

ST. LOOPED

PROPOSAL

Plan

260

Projects

261

Projects

SectionÂ Perspective

ST. LOOPED

Through Passages

262 PROPOSAL

Projects

263

Projects

Underpass

ST. LOOPED

PROPOSAL

Wall

264

Projects

265

Projects

Approach to Stadium

Packed Program

ST. LOOPED

266 PROPOSAL

Skate Park

10.6%

295,864 sq ft

Interactive Park

12.6%

Sports Park

12.9%

Sculpture Park

13.1%

Tree Park

13.3%

Dog Park

13.4%

Garden Park

12.8%

Flower Park

11.3%

396,071 sq ft 404,453 sq ft

411,036 sq ft

415,972 sq ft

419,672 sq ft

402,207 sq ft

355,290 sq ft

TOTAL: 3,136,159 sq ft Projects

Divide

ST. LOOPED

Parks

PROPOSAL

Projects268

Skate Park

10.6%

295,864 sq ft

Interactive Park

12.6%

Sports Park

12.9%

Sculpture Park

13.1%

Tree Park

13.3%

Dog Park

13.4%

Garden Park

12.8%

396,071 sq ft 404,453 sq ft

411,036 sq ft

415,972 sq ft

419,672 sq ft

402,207 sq ft

Flower Park Projects

Apportion

Projects

Connect

271 Projects

Link

ST. LOOPED

Projects272 PROPOSAL

Subdivide

273 Projects

Enliven

ST. LOOPED

Projects 274 PROPOSAL

Site Plan

NE Section

Proposal

Megan Hurford is a native resident of St. Louis who went all the way to Chicago to get her architectural education only to end up doing a project on St. Louis. Meganâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s special skill that contributed to the group was surveillance. Rarely did anything happen in the studio, outside of the studio, or in the gossip column that she was not the first to be aware of. As a second generation architect she naturally grew up with the urge to...put jewels on everything. This could also be due to her bizarre Britney Spears obsession, but most believe it has to do with genetics. She one day aspires to own a Jack-in-the-Box. 275

Conclusion

Ioanna Demertzis is not a highway engineer, she just plays one on tv. She loves flashlights, flash drives, flash points, flash dance, Flash Gordon, the Flash, flash storage, flash cabs, flash games, flashing forward, flash downloads, flashing, flash animation, flash blocks, flash cards, flash fiction, flash javascript, flash kits, flash keyboards, flash mob, flash notes, flash players, flash taco, flash video player, flash widgets, flash yoga, flash zoom, and Adobe Flash. Over the course of the studio she developed a lifelong bond and friendship with Chad, the Flash specialist at Gensler. CAD was her favorite program.

About the Authors

In this studio, George Louras finally found an outlet for his one true passion. Turning the magnetic ribbons that are often seen on cars to support the troops or breast cancer awareness into architecture. In addition to stadium design, he enjoys documenting UIC architecture students as they look at Bjarke Ingels, who still refuses to be his Facebook friend despite his excellent portfolio of friends. Apparently being friends with Joshua Prince-Ramus, MvRdV, Jeanne Gang and Julien de Smedt does not make you cool enough to be friends with the high and mighty Bjarke Ingels. This will not stop him from trying though.

ST. LOOPED

Brandon Spencer proved to be an invaluable member to the team. He always made his best effort to ensure that at the end of any group meal all the food had been eaten, mostly shouldering this large load entirely on his own. He also did his best effort to make sure that drives to St. Louis were as short as possible, often referring to himself as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Master and Commander of Highway 55.â&#x20AC;? Despite an initial distaste for the game of soccer, he is now making strides away from his bias views of the game and becoming more accepting. Still as a hockey fan he would much rather see people fighting on ice skates and eat loaves of bread..

276 PROPOSAL

277

ST. LOOPED

278 PROPOSAL