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TRADE FAIR A sustainable flagship store in the heart of Leicester
Feasibility Report . Megan Gibson . February 2014
Preface
CONTENTS
Introduction
2
Personal Rationale Aims & Objectives Site Analysis Regional Local Existing Plans Existing Elevations Photographic Survey
4 4 5 5 6 7 8 9
Precedent Studies
11
M&S Cheshire Oaks Pieknalia Straw Bale Cosmetics Boutique Anthropologie, Regent Street London Renctas, Brazil
12 15 18 22
Related Research
25
Materials Products Processes
26 28 24
Conclusions
34
Design Rationale Consumer Mood Board Zonal Plans & Sections Development Sketches Concept Models
35 36 37 38 40 45
Bibliography List of Illustrations
The first rule of sustainability is to align with natural forces, or at least not try to defy them. Paul Hawken
Fig 1. Available from: Pinterest
Section 1 . Preface . 2
Personal Rationale
Introduction
As a product of inflation, sprawling, over-population and the repugnance of human greed in the western world the issues surrounding climate change and global warming edge ever closer. We now face the mammoth task of changing not just our attitudes but our lifestyles in order to tackle these problems and it starts with the education we are giving our designers. Ultimately, the designers of today are creating tomorrow’s world and therefore instilling the key facts and basic knowledge with highly trained expertise and creativity, they can begin reinstating how we live. The western world has become an impatient, lazy and ignorant edifice that has become too detached from the greater problems and how our lifestyle impacts those farther away. Who picked this banana? Are they paid a fair, living wage? Who made this t-shirt? Do they have clean, running water? Is it woven from a natural or synthetic fabric? All these seemingly simple questions gain greater importance every day and it is imperative that we take deeper consideration when we go about our daily lives. The appropriate technologies and materials are readily available to us so now it is a question of using them to full effect. The main concerns are energy and water consumption, carbon emissions, recycling materials and avoiding landfill at all costs. Through greater awareness of the origins of our products, innovative design solutions and use of renewable materials these answers can gradually be resolved. No longer is there an unprecedented premium for sustainable products or quirky, hippy looking styles: brands such as H&M have demonstrated how sustainable approaches can blend seamlessly into more common clothing lines.
The thing that I champion is sustainability. My terror is that suddenly we see it as a luxury, not an essential. That’s a danger. Kevin McCloud
AIMS
Personal Rationale Site Analysis
• To create the ultimate brand experience for the consumers in the form of a sustainable, high quality flagship store • To demonstrate the contemporary use of sustainable materials and processes within a beautiful retail interior • To illustrate the importance of knowing and understanding where our products come from • To incorporate the origins of the products throughout the interior in a sublime, subtle manner • To adapt and manipulate the existing building fabric into the design to reduce unecessary building waste • To allow guest exhibitors and artisans related both locally and to the store’s products to perform demonstrations
Existing Plan & Sections Site Images
• • • • • • Fig 2. Available from: Pinterest
OBJECTIVES
To explore new and existing sustainable processes and materials To carry out the project with little or no waste material To analyse the current market for artisanal and environmentally friendly products To explore the design process through model making, sketch drawings and zonal planning To analyse existing design examples in the form of precedent studies To research the full extent of where all materials and products are sourced
Fig 3. Available from: Pinterest
Section 1 . Design Rationale . 3
Section 1 . Introduction, Aims & Objectives . 4
SITE ANALYSIS
60 Mins 35 Mins Melton Mowbray
Loughborough
Fosse Park
4
3 Peterborough
Leicester
Hinckley Birmingham
Nuneaton
Market Harborough
Coventry
Rugby
Wellingborough
Northampton
Fig 4. Author’s own
Highcross is the product of a recent redevelopment programme in the centre of Leicester which has created a large retail hub in the East Midlands. According to a Highcross Retail document, Leicester has a ‘vast urban population’ which is coincidently full of ‘high spending 25 - 44 year olds’ (Highcross, 2006) a prime demographic to focus on. The image to the right demonstrates where Leicester sits with regards to the rest of the country and other competing retail centres such as London and Manchester. Alternatively the map above illustrates where just how central Leicester is in relation to the Midlands and its more local towns. The nearest competitive retail centre is Birmingham’s Bullring which is approximately an hour’s drive away which is relative to smaller, rural towns such as Market Harborough and Loughborough which do not have large retail centres but have a high street approach to shopping districts. This allows the population within a 35 minute drive easy access to as Leicester’s primary catchment.
Liverpool
Birmingham
Manchester
Leicester Nottingham
Bristol
London
Fig 5. Author’s own
Section 1 . Site Analysis . Regional . 5
SITE ANALYSIS
4
1
Transport Links
Leicester is easily accessible from not only the country but the surrounding local area. Locally available to two huge student populations both DMU and UoL; the map above details exactly where the closer of the two campus’, De Montfort, is at approximately a 10 minute walk. The train station is situated on the periphery of the city centre and is a 15 minute walk to the south east. with strong links with Birmingham, the North and London. Similarly St. Margaret’s Coach station also provides links with the same destinations but is only a 6 minute walk to the north of Highcross. Due to its central position in the city approaching by car is just as easy and strong links with the A47 to the M1 make accessing the surrounding counties even easier. Multiple multi-storey car parks create a simple parking solution including Highcross’ own multi-storey which is near the John Lewis entrance.
2
Fig 6. Map of Highcross and surrounding transport links. Available from: Google Maps.
Map Guide
1. De Montfort University Campus 2. Leicester Rail Station, London Road 3. St Margaret’s Coach Station, Gravel Street 4. A47 Ring Road, leading to M1
Section 1 . Site Analysis . Local .
6
Fig 9: Existing Front Section of site. Not to scale. Author’s own
Fig 10: Existing Right Section of site. Not to scale. Author’s own Existing Right Section. Not to scale. Author’s own
Fig 7: Existing Plan. Not to scale. Author’s own
Fig 11: Existing Front Elevation. Not to scale. Author’s own Fig 8: Highcross Upper Mall Plan. Not to scale. Available from: Highcross
Section 1 . Existing Plan . 7
Section 1 . Existing Sections . 8
SITE ANALYSIS
Photographic survery taken of the immediate external area of the site.
View of the store front from the direction of the High Street entrance
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< View of the store front from the direction of the Church Gate approach
Fig 13 View of the site from the right. Authorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own image. February 2014
Fig 12. View of the site from the front. Authorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own image, February 2014
Section 1 . Site Images . 9
Section 1 . Site Images . 10
Case Study 1
Case Studies
Marks & Spencer, Cheshire Oaks
1. Marks & Spencer, Cheshire Oaks
CONSTRUCTION
Aukett Fitzroy Robinson created the 151,000 square foot ‘hi-tech’ store to demonstrate the future of retail technology in the form of iPads and sustainability. As a product of M&S’s great lengths to achieve success in Cheshire Oaks that was ‘built in response to their Plan A commitment’ (BREEAM, 2014) and is up to 42% more energy and carbon efficient. The walls are insulated externally with hemp and a new product by Lime Technology (2014) called Hemclad which has given a U-value of 0.12W/m2. Glulam timber forms both sun reflecting slats on the store-front and the sculptural roof which is as strong as steel yet absorbs further carbon. The holistic construction style lists many passive renewable energy sources which includes utilising the site’s ‘natural resources to their full potential and maximising the natural light penetration’ (Lime Technology, 2014).
2. Pieknalia Boutique, Poland 3. Anthropologie, Regent St. London 4. Renctas Boutique, Brazil
Fig 15. Marks & Spencer Cheshire Oaks entrance. Available from: mylearning.com
ABOUT Marks and Spencer Cheshire Oaks is a pioneering store exercising the greatest examples of sustainable design Britain has seen to date. As the largest store M&S has built it is one of the largest environmentally friendly builds in the world (Telegraph, 2012), Cheshire Oaks shows that design should not suffer to abide by eco-friendly codes. It was awarded BREEAM ‘excellent’ rating; focusing on key sustainable issues such as water, energy and carbon emissions but it delves into improving the local community, wildlife conservation and zero waste to landfill – throughout the entire build. Fig 14. Rangoli floor patterns. Available from: Blogspot
Section 2 . 11
Fig 16. Interior Roof Structure. Available from: RIBA
Section 2 . Marks & Spencer . 12
CONSTRUCTION CONT. 14
15
Fig 17. Cheshire Oaks Plan Render. Available from: www.marksandspencer,com
These points only scratch the surface of the efforts M&S have gone to, to create such a successful example. Simple decisions such as using CO2 absorbing timber and replanting trees to balance their emissions within 50 years and using all clay and soils from the initial excavation to construct a local Moto X track to reduce local anti-social use of motorbikes reiterates this. This monumental design relates easily to the Trade Fair project due to the flagship scale of the build and its direct link to the eco-friendly processes and materials. One could argue that this level of sustainable design is not a realistic view of retail design as it is not as readily available to those with a smaller budget.
PERSONAL OPINION
1. 99.5% of the timber used was sourced from FSC-certified suppliers 2. First in the retail world to use 100% FSC-certified glulam timber roofing and decking 3. Installed swift, bird and insect boxes around periphery 4. Permeable paving to aid local sustainable urban drainage system 5. Replanted over 280 trees and added 12,000+sqm landscaping 6. To improve insulation the building is partially sunk with earth mounding 7. Brise Soleil solar shading system deflects direct sunlight whilst allowing natural light in-store 8. Insulated with recycled glass bottles and recycled glass wool 9. 80,000 litre rainwater harvesting tank installed below ground 10. White roof (made from 100% recycled aluminium) reflects excess heat 11. Further improvements to the biodiversity for bees, butterflies and birds 12. Employ almost 500 people 13. Zero waste to landfill 14. Using harvested rainwater to feed living and climbing walls 15. Timber uses a fifth of the energy than in a typical steel structure and absorbs CO2 1. Marks & Spencer, 2013
Fig 18 & Fig 19. Construcution images. Available from: Lime Technology
Fig 20. Marks & Spencer car park entrance. Available from: The Guardian
Section 2 . Marks & Spencer . 13
Section 2 . Marks & Spencer . 14
ABOUT Pieknalia Straw bale cosmetics boutique was designed by Hornowski Design with a strong eco focus on a shoestring budget. The simple yet contemporary design plays with the boundaries of minimalism with exciting, rich texture. The holistic beauty boutique features simple 80x40x40 shelving units which individually cost €1 to create. Set in the serene Old Jewish Quarter of Krakow this tiny boutique comes with a mighty message for its consumers. ‘Attractive and attainable’ (Burklein, 2014) are what springs to the minds of many as this design challenges the boundaries of what is beautiful in sustainable design?
Case Study 2
Pieknalia Straw Bale Cosmetics Boutique, Poland
Fig 22. Pieknalia Boutique Interior Images. Available from: Design Boom
CONSTRUCTION
Fig 23. Pieknalia Boutique Interior Images. Available from: Design Boom
Similarly to the visual aesthetic the construction of this interior is just as simple yet effective. The walls that run the length of the shop are cladded in the stacks of straw bale. Naturally to meet local fire safety regulations the straw has been coated in a fire preventative liquid that is used to protect curtains in theatres (Pieknalia, 2013). The floor is constructed of timber panels that have been used to create a desk, seat and small coffee table to continue the natural material theme which compliments to soft aesthetic. Modernity is introduced through the modular shelving units which a subtly LED down lit to illuminate the organic products efficiently (Burklein, 2013). Fig 21. Pieknalia Shelving. Available from: Design Boom
Section 2 . Pieknalia Boutique . 16
Fig 24. Pieknalia Timber Desk. Available from: Design Boom
The greatest shortcoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function. Albert A. Bartlett
Fig 25. Pieknalia Straw Bale. Available from: Design Boom
Section 2 . Pieknalia Boutique . 17
Anthropologie Flagship, Regent Street, London
Pieknalia is a beautiful and enchanting concept that has proven both popular and effective. The rawness of the straw contrasts eloquently with the contemporary shelving units which is visually appealing and boldly emphasises the morals at the core of this organic company. The massive risk is the flammable nature of the straw which could ultimately be disastrous but the designer has taken steps to prevent it.
Precedent Study 3
PERSONAL OPINION
Fig 26. Anthropologie Regent Street Store front. Available from: Anthropologie.eu
ABOUT The sister company of US giant, Urban Outfitters (Guardian, 2009), recently opened two flagship stores on British soil. The larger of the two is an 11,000 sq. foot Regent Street location which has been designed with an ingenious lending to both the business’ history and a sustainable approach to high end women’s fashion. Regent Street boasts a majestic living wall which spans the height from basement floor to second story ceiling consequently becoming a prominent feature and architectural element for the US brand.
Fig 27. Main Staircase and living wall. Available from: Blogspot
Fig 28. Above Threaded bricks. Available from: Healthiest Cereals.com Fig 29. Right Visual Merchandising. Available from: Decor8 Blog
CONSTRUCTION
The interior design is described by its designers, B3 London, as ‘like the products, is not only aesthetically pleasing, it is cerebral and instantly take their viewer on a journey’ for example a mannequin near the front of the store bears a skirt made of smashed tea cups and saucers emphasising the need to remain environmentally aware and recycle more. Biotech (2009) who constructed the living wall state that to create the wall they took inspiration from woven fabric and includes plant specimen such as spider plant and peace lily which are NASA certified to dramatically improve air quality.
Images clockwise starting top left Fig 30. Main stair well with living wall. Available from: Blog spot Fig 31. Alternative view of main stair well. Available from: Pinterest Fig 32. View of main stairwell from below. Available from: Pinterest Fig 33. Visual Merchandising on first floor. Available from: Pinterest
Section 2 . Anthropologie . 19
Section 2 . Anthropologie . 20
Case Study 4 Renctas, Brazil
CONSTRUCTION A major element of the design that could be easily interpreted into the Trade Fair design, each different floor creates a different experience for the customer: in the basement is an underwater theme with a suspended marine creature whereas the top floor evokes thoughts of a cosy country residence. This eclecticism of both product and environment somehow unifies the three floors of retail with the gigantic living wall to provide some continuity as well as reflecting on the history of the famous London location. Due to this innovative and speculative interior design it is no wonder that the average customer spends one and a half hours shopping in store. The products are described as ‘hip, boho clothing and chic homeware’ which is a similar product to the Trade Fair stock and therefore an obvious precedent study to explore. The store’s visual merchandising is another strong design aspect that is often hotly anticipated – upon opening the store; used tea bags were suspended in the Regent Street windows in the illusion of a chandelier however the fundamental issue is to make customers question the potential of everyday products such as tea-bags.
Fig 34. Visual Merchandising using spoons and polystyrene cups. Available from: Pinterest
Fig 35. Renctas Store Interior. Available from: Domos Arquitetos.br
Section 2 . Anthropologie . 21
ABOUT
The Interior
Domo Arquitetos designed Brazilian NGO a store to fill its shelves with the work of local Brazilian artisans and promote sustainable life. The organisation donates all of its profits to programmes that prevent the illegal trafficking on Brazilian wildlife (Renctas, 2013). The shop embeds these core values in to the construction and natural materials used to create a sustainable retail experience.
CONSTRUCTION
Fig 36. Local artisanal products in the interior. Available from: Domo Arquitetos
PERSONAL OPINION
The architects reused as much of the existing fabric as they could to avoid using new wasteful materials for example the existing windows were kept. One of their only introductions was LED lighting which had a dramatic reduction in the energy consumption. Despite the beautiful simplicity of the interior the materials used are not conventional retail materials; the main feature wall is cladded in 100% FSC waste wood from nearby sawmills and the wallpaper constructed of vegetable fibre adorns other walls in the shop and all furniture is created from FSC- certified MDF â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;made in Brazil with reclaimed and recycled wood and low formaldehyde contentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (2012, Moxon).
This design relates to Trade Fair in many ways demonstrating that success can be achieved through this design vernacular. The use of alternative materials such as vegetable fibre and waste wood indicates that cheaper and more environmentally efficient alternatives are also viable and visually appealing. The use of both ambient and spotlighting illuminates the creative products strikingly as well as creating a warm glow. The result of this innovative design model is that high quality fashion need not suffer due to sustainable design approach. Images from left to right: Fig 37. Reclaimed timber chip wall and LED lighting. Available from: Domos Arquitetos
Section 2 . Renctas . 23
Fig 38. Image of the empty shop interior. Available from: Domo Arquitetos Fig 39. Central island displaying products. Available from: Domo Arquitetos Fig 40. Image of interior. Available from: Domo Arquitetos
Section 2 . Renctas . 24
Related Research
1.
Materials
Fig 42. Coconut Palm Timber. Available from: Mesquite Flooring
2.
Fig 43. Cardboard Installation. Available from: Contemporist
3.
Fig 44.. Hemp Insulation Available from:
Products Processes
MATERIALS 1. Coconut Palm Wood 2. Cardboard 3. Hemp Insulator 4. Cork 5. Living Walls & Horticulture
4.
Fig 45. Serpentine Gallery 2012. Available from: Serpentine Gallery
5.
Fig 46. Grass. Available from: Pinterest
Fig 41. Bolivian woman weaving alpaca wool textiles.. Available from: The Little Market blog
Section 3 . 25
Section 3 . Materials . 26
PRODUCTS HOME
Fig 49 & 50. Above & Below. Hand painted Indian box. Available from: The Little Market
Fig 51. Elephant Teapot. Available from: Anthropologie
We need to defend the interests of those whom we've never met and never will.
Handpainted crockery, handed tapped candles and hand painted trinket boxes.
Fig 52. Le Souk Ceramique, Tunisia. Available from: The Little Market Fig 55. South African wine cork. Available from: The Little Market
Fig 48. Tunisian plate. Available from: The Little Market
Jeffrey D. Sachs Fig 56. Kenyan Salad Servers. Available from: The Little Market
Fig 54. Hand made kettle from Indonesia. Available from: Fair + Fair Fig 57. Rose gold hand poured Indian candle. Available from: The Little Market Fig 47. Ghanaian Hand woven bags. Available from: Pinterest
Section 3 . Materials . 27
Fig 53. Tunisian crockery. Available from: The Little Market
Fig 58. Crockery Le Souk Ceramique. Available from: The Little Market
Section 3 . Materials . 28
Fig 70. Semi-precious necklaces. Available from: The Little Market Fig 71. Ghanaian Woven baskets. Available from: The Little Market
Fig 59. Below Copper piping lamp. Available from: Superbalist Fig 60. Right Aloe Blossom lamp. Available from: Suiteny Fig 61. Next Right Artisanal Pendant. Available from: The modern Sybarite Fig 62. Far Right Recycled Aluminium Indonesian light. Available from: Fair + Fair
Fig 66. Woven Bracelets from India. Available from: The Little Market
PRODUCTS LIGHTING
Fig 67. International Textile Fashion. Available from: Vogue France
PRODUCTS
Fig 63. Above. Smoked Glass Pendants. Available from: Litecraft Fig 64. Right Cardboard Light Shade. Available from: Fig 65. Far Right Upcycled glass pendants. Available from: Retro Renovation
Fig 69 Peruvian alpaca scarf. Available from: The Little Market Fig 68. Natural fibre clothing. Available from: Fair + Fair
WOMENS FASHION & ACCESSORIES Section 3 . Products . 29
Section 3 . Products . 30
PRODUCTS STATIONERY & LITERATURE Fig 79. Kenyan hand made Cow bone and rosewood pen. Available from: Fair + Fair
Vegan beauty, all natural products and processes and pure plant extracts.
Fig 84 & 85. Hand printed Note Book. Available from: Anthropologie
BEAUTY & COSMETICS
Fig 83. Cradle to Cradle. Available from: Amazon
Fig 73. Choiselle oil. Available from: Choiselle
Fig 82. Living with Nature Book. Available from: Anthropologie
PRODUCTS
Fig 81. Artisan Book. Available from: Amazon
Fig 74. Handmade Lip stains. Available from: Moodysisters Fig 80. Visionary Woman Book. Available from: Anthropologie
Fig 72. Above Burren Perfumery. Available from: Sugarpuffish
Fig 75. Natural Hand soaps Available from: Dankolland blog Fig 76. Arboris Day Cream. Available from: Arboris Fig 77. Left Natural Cleansing milk. Available from: The Little Alchemist
Fig 78. Wild rose products. Available from: Phoenix
Section 3 . Products . 31
Section 3 . Products . 32
Conclusions
DESIGN RATIONALE Sustainable retail spaces are becoming an influential example on the High Street particularly to the 16 - 24 age bracket (Dalziel, 2014) and therefore it is integral that we showcase the products, processes and materials to full effect. The primary intentions of the project is to introduce a self-efficient, beautiful flagship store in Highcross environment that compliments the centreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s modernity aswell as reflecting the ethical nature of the brand. Renewable materials, reclaimed building fabric and the use of the stores products in situ will demonstrate to the Leicester community how a 21st Century environmentally lifestyle can be achieved.
Design Rationale Consumer Mood Board Zonal Plans & Sections Development Sketches Concept Models
From work conducted thus far it can be assumed that this artisanal approach to shopping in Leicester will be a positive retail endeavour. It will appeal to the younger, contemporary student population as well as the diverse community indiginous to the city. To appeal further to the local community the store is curated to look like a traditional market.
Fig 87. Jaali Screen. Available from: Pinterest
Fig 86. Bolivian Embroidery. Available from: The Little Market
Section 4 . Conclusion . 33
Section 4 . Design Rationale . 34
TARGET MARKET The target market is twenty- to early thirty-something year old professional, contemporary women. She is conscious of her image and environment. Intelligent, creative, ambitious, individual. She appreciates great quality but not at the cost of who or what made it.
Fig 88. Woman. Available from: Pinterest
Section 4 . Target Market . 35
Section 4 . Mood Board . 36
Faded Swipe across from far right concealing the library...
Storefront Concept is a translucency of copper. Here are some development experiements of what could be done...
Copper
Alternatively, strip of copper at various widths...
Downward fade would allow easier visual merchandising
Strips allow customers to see double height living wall
Section 4 . Zonal Plans . 37
Section 4 . Store Front . 38
Section 4 . Sketches . 39
Section 4 . Sketches . 40
Section 4 . Sketches . 41
Section 4 . Sketches . 42
Section 4 . Sketches . 43
Section 4 . Sketches . 44
BIBLIOGRAPHY
IMAGE SOURCE LIST Title Page THE LITTLE MARKET (2013) Flowers in Kathmandu [online image] Available from: http:// www.thelittlemarket.com/kathmandu-nepal/ [accessed on 25.01.14] Contents Page (Figure 1) TUMBLR (n.d) Rangoli [online image] Available from: http://lilibaba.tumblr. com/post/49250938511 [accessed on 28.01.14] P. 3 (Figure 2) A & B C THE WORLD (n.d) Mexico City [online image] Available from: http://www. bloglovin.com/en/blog/2854470/a-and-b-c-the-world/ [accessed on 23.01.14]
BOOKS
WEBSITES
MOXON, S (2012) Sustainability in Interior Design. London: Laurence King. LOWTHER, C. and WILLEMS, M (2009) Powershop 2: Fashion. Amsterdam: FRAME. LOWTHER, C. and WILLEMS, M. (2009) Powershop 2: Anything but Fashion. Amsterdam: FRAME. MCNAMARA, C., WILLEMS, M. and SCHULTZ, S (2012) Powershop 3: New Retail Design. Amsterdam: FRAME. DOWDY, C (2008) One Off: Independent Retail Design. London: Laurence King. MORGAN, T (2010) Window Display: New Visual Merchandising. London: Laurence King. MITTON, M (2012) Interior Design Visual Presentation: A Guide to Visuals, Models and Presentations. Fourth Edition. London: John & Sons. BROTO, C (2005) New Shop Design. Barcelona: Structure. INNES, M (2012) Lighting for Interior Design. London: Laurence King. DUNN, N (2010) Architectural Model Making. London: Laurence King.
BREEAM (2014) Marks & Spencer Cheshire Oaks [Online] BREEAM. Available from: http://www.breeam. org/podpage.jsp?id=655 [Accessed 28.02.14]. ECHO CHAMBER (n.d.) Marks & Spencer Cheshire Oaks [Online] ECHO CHAMBER. Available from: http:// www.echochamber.com/n2k/M&Seco.html [Accessed 01.03.14]. RIBA (2014) Architecture Awards: Marks & Spencer Cheshire Oaks [Online] RIBA. Available from: http:// www.architecture.com/Awards/RIBAAwards/Winners2013/NorthWest/MSCheshireOaks/MSCheshireOaks1.aspx#.UxXt7fmzJcY [Accessed: 26.02.14]. LIME TECHONOLOGY (2012) Cheshire Oaks Marks & Spencer [Online] LIME TECHNOLOGY. Available From: http://www.limetechnology.co.uk/projects/project17.htm [Accessed 24.02.14]. BEHANCE (2013) Pieknalia Straw Bale Boutique [Online] DESIGN BOOM. Available from: http://www. behance.net/gallery/Pieknalia-Straw-Bale-Boutique/13218595 [Accessed 01.03.14]. DESIGN BOOM (2013) Hornowski Cosmetic Boutique [Online] DESIGN BOOM. Available From: http://www. designboom.com/design/hornowski-design-fills-cosmetics-boutique-with-straw-bales-12-02-2013/ [Accessed 01.03.14]. HORNOWSKI (2014) Pieknalia, Warsaw [Online] HORNOWSKI. Available from: http://www.hornowski.pl/ [Accessed 20.03.14]. PIEKNALIA (2013) Blog [Online] PIEKNALIA. Available from: http://www.pieknalia.pl/ [Accessed 02.03.14]. URBAN EVOLUTIONS (2011) Reclaimed Materials at Anthrolopologie, London [Online] URBAN EVOLUTIONS. Available from: http://urbanevolutions.com/2011/04/urban-evolutions-reclaimed-materials-at-anthropologie-london/ [Accessed 04.03.14].
JOURNALS
SIBBLES, E. (2009) American Cult Fashion Shop Anthropologie opens in London: Chain chooses Regent Street to launch brand in Europe. Guardian, 23rd Oct. Available From: http://www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/2009/oct/23/anthropologie-london-shop-opens KEAN, A and MOIR, R (2014) Our Perspective: Influencing Shopper Behaviour. Dalziel + Pow, London. Available From: http://files.dalziel-pow.com/downloads/53/Our_Perspective_Influencing_Shopper_Behaviour.pdf
P.4 (Figure 3) THE WEDDING TRAVELLERS (17.08.08) Taj Mahal [online image] Available from: http:// www.theweddingtravelers.com/?page=3 [accessed on 29.01.14] P. 5 (Figure 4) AUTHOR’S OWN (04.02.14) Map of Leicester and the Surrounding Area [personal image] Available in: Author’s own records P. 5 (Figure 5) AUTHOR’S OWN (04.02.14) Map of Leicester and the UK [personal image] Available in: Author’s own records P. 6 (Figure 6) GOOGLE MAPS (21.02.14) Map of Highcross and Leicester [online image] Available in: https://www.google.co.uk/maps/ [accessed on 05.02.14] P. 7 (Figure 7) AUTHOR’S OWN (02.03.14) Site Plan [personal image] Available in: Author’s personal records P. 7 (Figure 8) HIGHCROSS (2014) Site Plan of Highcross Upper Mall [online image] Available in: http:// www.highcrossleicester.com/visitor-info/centre-map [accessed on 25.02.14] P. 8 (Figure 9) AUTHOR’S OWN (02.03.14) Existing Front Section of Site [personal image] Available in: author’s personal records P. 8 (Figure 10) AUTHOR’S OWN (02.03.14) Existing Right Section of Site [personal image] Available in: author’s personal records P. 8 (Figure 11) AUTHOR’S OWN (02.03.14) Existing Elevation of Site [personal image] Available in: author’s personal records P. 9 (Figure 12) AUTHOR’S OWN (02.02.14) Site Photographic Survey [personal image] Available in: author’s personal records
Section 4 . Bibliography .
P. 12 (Figure 16) RIBA (2014) Marks & Spencer Interior [online image] Available from: http://www. architecture.com/Awards/RIBAAwards/Winners2013/NorthWest/MSCheshireOaks/MSCheshireOaks5. aspx#.Uybc1hb8-ik [accessed on 26.02.14] P.13 (Figure 17) MARKS & SPENCER (2014) Site Map [online image] Available from: https://plana.marksandspencer.com/we-are-doing/climate-change/cheshire-oaks [accessed on 28.02.14] P. 13 (Figure 18) LIME TECHNOLOGY (2012) Hemclad Exterior Panels [online image] Available in: http:// www.limetechnology.co.uk/projects/project17.htm [accessed on 24.02.14] P. 13 (Figure 19) LIME TECHNOLOGY (2012) Aerial View of Construction Site [online image] Available in: http://www.limetechnology.co.uk/projects/project17.htm [accessed on 25.02.14] P. 14 (Figure 20) THE GUARDIAN (29.09.12) Exterior of Store [online image] Available in: http://www. theguardian.com/business/gallery/2012/aug/29/marks-spencer-cheshire-oaks-store [accessed on 25.02.14] P. 15 (Figure 21) DESIGN BOOM (02.12.13) Pieknalia Shelving [online image] Available in: http://www. designboom.com/design/hornowski-design-fills-cosmetics-boutique-with-straw-bales-12-02-2013/ [accessed on 28.02.14] P. 16 (Figure 22) DESIGN BOOM (02.12.13) Interior View [online image] Available in: http://www. designboom.com/design/hornowski-design-fills-cosmetics-boutique-with-straw-bales-12-02-2013/ [accessed on 28.02.14] P. 16 (Figure 23) DESIGN BOOM (02.12.13) Straw Cladded Walls [online image] Available in: http://www.designboom.com/design/hornowski-design-fills-cosmetics-boutique-with-strawbales-12-02-2013/ [accessed on 28.02.14] P. 17 (Figure 24) BEHANCE (18.12.13) Main Interior Image [online image] Available in: http://www. behance.net/gallery/Pieknalia-Straw-Bale-Boutique/13218595 [accessed 01.03.14] P. 17 (Figure 25) BEHANCE (18.12.13) Straw Cladding [online image] Available in: http://www.behance. net/gallery/Pieknalia-Straw-Bale-Boutique/13218595 [accessed 01.03.14] P. 18 (Figure 26) ANTHROPOLOGIE (n.d.) Anthropologie Regent Street Storefront [online image] Available in: http://www.anthropologie.eu/anthro/index.jsp [accessed 05.03.14]
P. 10 (Figure 13) AUTHOR’S OWN (02.02.14) Site Photographic Survey [personal image] Available in: author’s personal records
P. 19 (Figure 27) BLOGSPOT (06.11.11) Stairwell & Living Wall [online image] Available in: http://fashionbrandmanagement1.blogspot.co.uk/2011/11/visual-merchandising-and-in-store.html [accessed 05.03.14]
P. 11 (Figure 14) BLOGSPOT (22.03.12) Mandala Art [online image] Available in: http://antoinettevanschaik.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/piet-op-de-post.html [accessed on 10.02.14]
P. 19 (Figure 28) HEALTHIEST CEREALS (28.10.13) Hemp Bricks [online image] Available in: http://www. healthiestcereals.net [accessed 06.03.14]
P. 12 (Figure 15) MY LEARNING (2012) Marks & Spencer Cheshire Oaks Exterior [online image] Available in: http://www.mylearning.org/mands-cheshire-oaks-eco-store/images/1-4380/ [accessed on 25.02.14]
P. 19 (Figure 29) DECOR8 BLOG (10.08.10) Visual Merchandising [online image] Available in: http:// decor8blog.com/2010/08/10/anthropologie-regent-street-london/ [accessed 01.03.14]
Section 4 . Image Source List .
P. 20 (Figure 30) BLOGSPOT (10.11.10) First Floor Stairwell [online image] Available from: http:// fmcspark.blogspot.co.uk/2009/11/anthropologie-launches-new-store-on.html [accessed on 30.01.14]
P. 27 (Figure 47) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Ghanaian Hand Woven Bags [online image] Available from: http://www.thelittlemarket.com/kathmandu-nepal/
P. 29 (Figure 65) RETRO RENOVATION (2014) Upcycled glass shades [online image] Available from: http://www.retrorenovation.com/upcycledglass
P. 32 (Figure 82) ANTHROPOLOGIE (2014) Inspire [online image] Available in: http://www.anthropologie.eu/anthro/index.jsp [accessed on 25.02.14]
P.20 (Figure 31) RETAIL WEEK (17.08.08) Door Feature on Stair [online image] Available from: http:// www.retail-week.com/stores/anthropologie-opens-its-first-european-store-on-regent-street/5007316. article [accessed on 01.03.14]
P. 28 (Figure 48) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Tunisian Plate [online image] Available in: http://www. thelittlemarket.com [accessed on 24.02.14]
P. 30 (Figure 66) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Thread Bracelets [online image] Available in: http://www. thelittlemarket.com [accessed on 18.02.14]
P. 32 (Figure 83) AMAZON (2014) Cradle to Cradle [online image] Available in: http://www.amazon. com/books/art+architecture [accessed 01.03.14]
P. 28 (Figure 49 & 50) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Hand Painted Indian Box [online image] Available in: http://www.thelittlemarket.com/products [accessed on 24.02.14]
P. 30 (Figure 67) VOGUE FRANCE (2012) Beach Dress [online image] Available in: http://www.vogue.fr/ fashion [accessed on 24.02.14]
P. 32 (Figure 84 & 85) ANTHROPOLOGIE (2014) Recycled Notebook [online image] Available in: http:// www.anthropologie.eu/anthro/index.jsp [accessed on 25.02.14]
P. 28 (Figure 51) ANTHROPOLOGIE (2014) Elephant Ornament [online image] Available in: http://www. anthropologie.eu/anthro/index.jsp [accessed on 25.02.14]
P. 30 (Figure 68) FAIR + FAIR (2014) Natural Fibre Dress [online image] Available in: http://www.fair+fair. nl/mode [accessed on 25.02.14]
P. 33 (Figure 86) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Bolivian Embroidery [online image] Available in: http:// www.thelittlemarket.com/products/ [accessed on 17.02.14]
P. 28 (Figure 52) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Tunisian Plate Le Couk Ceramique [online image] Available in: http://www.thelittlemarket.com/products/ [accessed on 28.02.14]
P. 30 (Figure 69) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Peruvian Alpaca Scarf [online image] Available in: http:// www.thelittlemarket.com/products/ [accessed on 18.02.14]
P. 34 (Figure 87) PINTEREST (2014) Jaali Screen [online image] Available in: http://www.pinterest.com/ megibson1 [accessed on 15.03.14]
P. 28 (Figure 53) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Tunisian Crockery [online image] Available in: http://www. thelittlemarket.com/products/ [accessed on 28.02.14]
P. 30 (Figure 70) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Semi Precious Necklaces [online image] Available in: http://www.thelittlemarket.com/products/ [accessed on 28.02.14]
P. 35 (Figure 88) PINTEREST (2014) Black & White Woman [online image] Available in: http://www. pinterest.com/megibson1 [accessed on 15.03.14]
P. 28 (Figure 54) FAIR + FAIR (2013) Hand Made Kettle [online image] Available in: www.fair+fair.nl [accessed on 20.02.14]
P. 30 (Figure 71) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Ghanaian Hand Woven Bags [online image] Available from: http://www.thelittlemarket.com/kathmandu-nepal/
P. 28 (Figure 55) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Elephant Cork [online image] Available in: http://www. thelittlemarket.com/products/ [accessed on 28.02.14]
P. 31 (Figure 72) SUGARPUFFISH (2014) Burren Perfumery [online image] Available in: http://www.sugarpuffish.com/products/ [accessed on 19.02.14]
P. 28 (Figure 56) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Kenyan Salad Servers [online image] Available in: http:// www.thelittlemarket.com/products/ [accessed on 28.02.14]
P. 31 (Figure 73) CHOISELLE (2014) Choiselle oil [online image] Available in: http://www.choiselle.com/ products/ [accessed on 03.02.14]
P. 28 (Figure 57) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Rose Gold Hand Made Candle [online image] Available in: http://www.thelittlemarket.com/products/ [accessed on 28.02.14]
P. 31 (Figure 74) MOODY SISTERS (2014) Hand Made Lipsticks [online image] Available in: http://www. moodysisterboutique/products/ [accessed on 05.03.14]
P. 28 (Figure 58) THE LITTLE MARKET (2014) Tunisian Plate [online image] Available in: http://www. thelittlemarket.com/products/ [accessed on 28.02.14]
P. 31 (Figure 75) DAN KOLLAND (n.d.) Hand made soaps [online image] Available in: http://www.dankolland.blog/natural [accessed on 28.02.14]
P. 29 (Figure 59) SUPERBALIST (n.d.) Copper Lamp [online image] Available in: http://www.superbalist. com/ [accessed on 28.02.14]
P. 31 (Figure 76) ALBURIST (n.d.) Face cream [online image] Available in: http://www.alburist.com/ [accessed on 28.02.14]
P. 29 (Figure 60) SUITENY (n.d.) Aloe blossom lamp [online image] Available in: http://www.suiteny. com [accessed 01.03.14]
P. 31 (Figure 77) THE LITTLE ALKHEMIST (n.d.) Cleansing Milk [online image] Available in: http://thelittlealkhemist.de/cleanse [accessed 01.03.14]
P. 29 (Figure 61) THE MODERN SYBARITE (n.d.) Artisnal Lamp [online image] Available in: http://www. themodernsybarite.com [accessed 01.03.14]
P. 31 (Figure 78) PHOENIX (2014) Rose Lip butters [online image] Available in: http://www.phoenix.com
P. 20 (Figure 32) PINTEREST (n.d.) Main Stairwell from Below [online image] Available in: http://www. pinterest.com/megibson1/retail-ii/ P. 20 (Figure 33) PINTERST (n.d.) Visual Merchandising on First Floor [online image] Available in: http:// www.pinterest.com/megibson1/retail-ii/ P. 21 (Figure 34) DECOR8 (10.11.10) Visual Merchandising Spoons & Cups [online image] Available in: http://decor8blog.com/2010/08/10/anthropologie-regent-street-london/ [accessed 01.03.14] P. 22 (Figure 35) DOMO ARQUITECTOS (2008) Interior Image [online image] Available in: http://domo. arq.br/eng/commercial/commercial01.html [accessed 10.03.14] P. 23 (Figure 36) DOMO ARQUITECTOS (2008) Stocked Interior Photo [online image] Available in: http:// domo.arq.br/eng/commercial/commercial01.html [accessed 10.03.14] P. 23 (Figure 37) DOMO ARQUITECTOS (2008) Shelving & Lighting [online image] Available in: http:// domo.arq.br/eng/commercial/commercial01.html [accessed 10.03.14] P. 24 (Figure 38) DOMO ARQUITECTOS (2008) Image of Empty Shop Interior [online image] Available in: http://domo.arq.br/eng/commercial/commercial01.html [accessed 10.03.14] P. 24 (Figure 39) DOMO ARQUITECTOS (2008) Central Island displaying Products [online image] Available in: http://domo.arq.br/eng/commercial/commercial01.html [accessed 10.03.14] P. 24 (Figure 40) DOMO ARQUITECTOS (2008) Image of Interior [online image] Available in: http:// domo.arq.br/eng/commercial/commercial01.html [accessed 10.03.14] P. 25 (Figure 41) THE LITTLE MARKET (2013) Bolivian Women weaving Alpaca Wool [online image] Available in: http://www.thelittlemarket.com/category/travels/ [accessed 25.01.14] P. 26 (Figure 42) MESQUITE FLOORING (2012) Coconut Flooring [online image] Available in: http:// www.mesquitehardwoodflooring.com/gallery/images/4x4bevelendgrain.jpg [accessed on 16.02.14] P. 26 (Figure 43) CONTEMPORIST (2014) Hypnotic Wall Art by Marie Jose Gustave [online image] Available in: http://www.contemporist.com/2014/01/19/hypnotic-wall-art-by-marie-jose-gustave/?utm_ source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+contemporist+(CONTEMPORIST) [accessed on 25.02.14]
P. 29 (Figure 62) PINTEREST (n.d.) Recycled Aluminium Indonesian Light [online image] Available in: http://www.pinterest.com/megibson1 [accessed 01.03.14]
P. 26 (Figure 44) TY MAWR (2014) Hemp Insulation [online image] Available in: http://www.lime.org. uk/products/insulation/thermafleece-hemp-insulation/ [Accessed 10.03.14]
P. 29 (Figure 63) LITECRAFT (n.d.) Smokey Pendant [online image] Available in: http://litecraft.co.uk [accessed 01.03.14]
P. 26 (Figure 45) PINTEREST (n.d.) Grass [online image] Available in: http://www.pinterest.com/ pin/325103666822197727/ [accessed on 16.12.13]
P. 29 (Figure 64) PINTEREST (n.d.) Cardboard Lamp Shade [online image] Available in: http://www. pinterest.com/megibson1 [accessed 01.03.14]
Section 4 . Image Source List .
All Images from Pages 36 - 44 are personal images and sketches by the Author, 2014.
P. 32 (Figure 79) FAIR + FAIR (2014) Cow bone pen [online image] Available in: http://www.fair+fair.nl/ mode [accessed on 25.02.14] P. 32 (Figure 80) ANTHROPOLOGIE (2014) Visionary Women Book [online image] Available in: http:// www.anthropologie.eu/anthro/index.jsp [accessed on 25.02.14] P. 32 (Figure 81) AMAZON (2014) The New Artisans [online image] Available in: http://www.amazon. com/books/art+architecture [accessed 01.03.14]
Section 4 . Image Source List .