Emcdda Corporate Identity Manual by Missing Element

EMCDDA Corporate identity manual

HOW TO OBTAIN MORE INFORMAITON This corporate identity manual has been created by Missing Element. It explains the extensive visual identity system of EMCDDA and all its products and communication materials. If you have any questions about the application of the system in the course of your professional work or feel there is any missing information needed for correct application, please contact us through your EMCDDA communication officer or directly at the contact information listed below.

Missing Element www.missing-element.com studio@mel.cz skype: missing-element-prague

EMCDDA Corporate identity manual

Example of graphic motifâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s segmentation

I What is the EMCDDA? The EMCDDA is the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Based in Lisbon, it is one of the European Union’s decentralised agencies, set up to support the Member States and their citizens in specific scientific or technical tasks. The EMCDDA was established in 1993 to become the definitive source for all information regarding drugs and drug addiction within the EU Member States. In recent years, it has extended its coverage to Norway and to the candidate countries to the EU. The agency provides policy-makers, scientists, researchers and other interested groups with the most relevant, accurate and up-to-date facts about the drug phenomenon in Europe.

I Why this manual? This manual offers an introduction to the corporate identity of the EMCDDA and sets out the agency’s basic visual communication rules. It complies with the aims of the EMCDDA’s Dissemination and Communication Strategy, adopted in 2001, which calls for all information to be presented with a ‘clear brand image’. The manual: I clarifies the thinking behind the identity and what it hopes to convey; I sets the tone for how the agency communicates; I establishes guidelines for EMCDDA printed material; and I offers practical advice on how to apply the identity throughout all EMCDDA communications. Successful recognition of the identity will depend on users’ careful observance of the guidelines outlined in these pages and on the accompanying CD-ROM. Together, these tools communicate the vital attributes of the EMCDDA’s corporate character, articulating ‘who we are’, ‘what we believe’ and ‘what we do’. They are mainly intended for use by EMCDDA staff, but will also be a useful guide for other organisations and partners working in close collaboration with the agency. The style guidelines set out in these pages may be adapted to additional products not listed in the manual.

I How we communicate The EMCDDAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Dissemination and Communication Strategy advises that all information produced by the agency should be tailored to the needs of its target groups. These include policy-makers, practitioners and professionals, researchers, the media and the general public. Style and tone Communicating with such diverse audiences calls for the use of appropriate style and tone. The strategy stipulates that: I policy-makers at both European and national level require highly synthesised information; I practitioners and other drug professionals need more detailed, analysed and comparable information; I researchers in the field may be interested in information in a much rawer state; I the media require concise information supplied rapidly, with concepts and terminology clearly explained; and I the general public requires similar information to that supplied to policy-makers, presented in laymanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s terms. The main rule governing all EMCDDA communications, however, is that messages should be clear, correct and straightforward, with sentences kept as simple as possible. Language Presenting materials in the appropriate language is also central to the way the EMCDDA communicates with its audiences. To strengthen its European image nationally and regionally, and to reach clients at grassroots level, the agency has adopted a multilingual policy. Synthesised materials (e.g. policy briefings, presentation brochures) are therefore produced in 26 languages, based on account of the EU enlargement process. This multilingual output allows the agency to reach individuals in their own language, making the information more effective and useful. Lengthy scientific studies tend to remain in English only.

I Contets

I I I I I I I I

1 – IDENTITY All about the logo, variations of use, how not to use it, main graphic elements, colours and typography

2 – STATIONARY All the stationary and communication materials of the agency, including templates

3 – PUBLICATIONS All the publication lines including the main annual reports – for more detailed information, see also CH 8

4 – PRESENTATION MATERIALS Newsletters and all presentation materials informing about the agency’s activities

5 – PRESS MATERIALS Materials for journalists, including the press pack folder, News release, Director’s message, etc.

6 – CONFERENCE MATERIALS All materials used for large conferences or smaller events, from program brochure to roll-ups and posters

7 – PROMOTIONAL ITEMS Branded items such as mugs, pencils, pens, briefcases, t-shirts, award certificates, umbrellas, etc.

8 – TECHNICAL ANEX A very detailed technical chapter on the construction of layouts and graphic motif use mostly related to publications

noitatnemges s‘fitom cihparg fo elpmaxE

1 This section contains detailed information on the construction of the EMCDDA logo (symbol and logotype) in various European languages. It is specifically relevant to graphic designers and printers or anyone needing to reproduce the image. Also explained here are rules on how and where to use the logo. Please adhere to these guidelines on colour, typography and construction to ensure full visual consistency in the EMCDDA identity. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

IDENTITY

1.02 Symbol 1.03 Main logo variations 1.04 Logo variations / colour negative 1.05 Logo BW variations / grey-scale positive 1.06 Logo BW variations / black&white negative 1.07 Logo BW variations / black&white positive 1.08 Logo safety zones 1.09 Logo construction 1.10 Logo size variations 1.11 Logo translations 1.14 Logo usage on photographs 1.16 Forbidden use of logo on backgrounds 1.18 Forbidden treatment of logo 1.19 Corporate colours 1.20 Use of images 1.21 Forbidden use of images 1.22 Graphic motifs and use 1.30 Typography

1.02 IDENTITY | Symbol

EMCDDA symbol The EMCDDA symbol has been designed to represent the agency, its work and its role within the European Union. It uses the EU blue with light grey, in conjunction with the 12 unifying stars of the EU flag. The dark blue, on the left hand side, represents the negative aspects of drugs, while the light grey, on the right hand side, represents hopes for a brighter future. These two halves are linked by the universal symbol of unity and trust, the arch, making its own transformation from darkness to light. The logo is a result of a partial redesign of the previous identity and largely respects the former EMCDDA symbol. The redesign provides a simplification of the symbol and gives the logo a more modern and elegant look. The more subtle colours in the symbol enable wider application of secondary colours in the overall corporate identity.

Main logo variations | IDENTITY 1.03

Basic logo variations The EMCDDA logo is mainly used in 3 variations, that can be seen on this page: – Symbol – Full logo – Multilingual logo All logo versions are provided on the flash-disc which is a part of this manual. Although many file formats are provided, the only formats that are allowed for printing purposes are .eps or .ai

1.04 IDENTITY | Logo variations

Logo colour negative The EMCDDA logo exists in colour negative versions, that are to be used mainly on solid EU blue field. The negative versions can be used on dark uncluttered backgrounds, but only in exceptional cases. The preffered use of the logo is in its positive colour versions on white background and any other use is not acceptable, unless absolutely neccessary.

Logo BW variations | IDENTITY 1.05

Logo grey-scale positive The EMCDDA logo exists in grey-scale positive versions for placement on white background and on light grey background of up to 14% black (equivalent to EMCDDA Background grey 2).

1.06 IDENTITY | Logo BW variations

Logo black&white negative The EMCDDA logo exists in black&white negative versions, that are to be used mainly on black background. The black&white negative logo with white text is for use on backgrounds of 50-100% black.

Logo BW variations | IDENTITY 1.07

Logo black&white positive The EMCDDA logo exists in black&white positive versions, that are to be used mainly on grey background. The black&white positive logo with black text is for use on backgrounds of 15–49% black.

1.08 IDENTITY | Logo safety zones

Diagrams on this page specify safety zones around the EMCDDA logos. These zones specify the closest distance from any other graphic element, typography, photo or edge. Please ensure the logo is placed in a way to maintain an airy manner of the overall composition of all layouts.

Logo construction | IDENTITY 1.09

The EMCDDA logo is constructed in a specific way which is not to be altered. Please reffer to the artwork provided on the accompanying flash disc.

1.10 IDENTITY | Logo size variations

21 mm | Standard size Publications

19 mm | Standard size Stationery

10 mm | Minimum size Full logo The EMCDDA logo can be used in various sizes. The most typical size used for the A4 format in publications is 21 mm. As this is not exclusive, please use original data to every material provided and consult the appropriate section of this manual. Minimum size for the full logo and international logo is 10 mm. Minimum size for the symbol is 6,5 mm.

6,5 mm | Minimum size Symbol

Logo translations | IDENTITY 1.11

SK | Slovakia

MT | Malta

LT | Lithuania

LV | Latvia

IT | Italy

HR | Croatia

HU | Hungary

BG | Bulgaria

The EMCDDA logo exists in 26 language mutations, comprising all the official EU languages and including Russian and Turkish.

1.12 IDENTITY | Logo translations

DA | Denmark

PT | Portugal

SV | Sweden

PL | Poland

SL | Slovenia

NO | Norway

CZ | Czech R.

NL | Holland

Please use only the appropriate data provided on the accompanying flash dics and do not create own versions.

Logo translations | IDENTITY 1.13

FR | France

FI | Finland

EL | Greece

DE | Germany

ET | Estonia

ES | Spain

TR | Turkey

RO | Romania

RU | Russia

1.14 IDENTITY | Logo usage on photographs

Primary placement The EMCDDA logo in all of its versions (symbol, full logo and international logo) is always placed in a white space above or below the photograph with rescpect of the safgety zone.

Logo usage on photographs | IDENTITY 1.15

Secondary placement The logo in all its versions (symbol, full logo and international logo) can be placed into a photograph on rare occasions if necessary. In that case only the black&white versions can be used and the logo must be placed into a calm and uncluttered space of the image, respecting the safety zone of the logo against imagery content.

1.16 IDENTITY | Forbidden use of logo on backgrounds

DON’T

The logo in all its versions (symbol, full logo and international logo) cannot be placed into a photograph or graphic background in any other way than it is perscribed by this manual. This page shows examples of WRONG logo placement.

Forbidden use of logo on backgrounds | IDENTITY 1.17

DON’T

The EMCDDA logos in their positive versions are placed primarily on white background. In certain cases, the Background Grey colour can be used also. The negative colour versions of the logo is placed on the EU Blue background Placement of the logo in either positive or negative version on any other colour background than perscribed is forbidden.

1.18 IDENTITY | Forbidden treatment of logo

DON’T European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

Changing, deforming colouring or tweeking the logo in any way is strictly forbidden. Please respect the guide lines when working with the logos, do not create your own versions and always use official data provided by the EMCDDA.

Corporate colours | IDENTITY 1.19

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

Cool Grey

Typography Grey

Background Grey

Background Grey 2

Black

PA N TONE Ref. Blue C

PA N TONE Cool Grey 4C

PA N TONE Cool Grey 5C

PA N TONE Cool Grey 11C

PA N TONE Cool Grey 1C

PA N TONE Cool Grey 3C

PA N TONE Black 6C

RGB 0 / 51 / 153

RGB 20 4 / 20 4 / 20 4

RGB 18 0 / 18 0 / 18 0

RGB 9 0 / 9 0 / 9 0

RGB 24 0 / 24 0 / 24 0

RGB 220 / 220 / 220

RGB 0 / 0 / 0

C / M / Y / K 8 0 / 10 0 / 0 / 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 4 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 8 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 8

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 14

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 10 0

WEB 0 033 9 9

WEB cccccc

WEB b4b4b4

WEB 5a5a5a

WEB f0f0f0

WEB dc dc dc

WEB 000000

Primary colours The main colours used throughout the corporate identity are EU blue, Black and several shades of Grey.

Secondary colours EMCDDA Yellow

EMCDDA Red

EMCDDA Turquoise

EMCDDA Blue

EMCDDA Green

PA N TONE 135 C

PA N TONE 7416 C

PA N TONE 305 C

PA N TONE 7451 C

PA N TONE 382 C

RGB 255 / 20 4 / 102

RGB 220 / 132 / 10 0

RGB 170 / 210 / 220

RGB 145 / 170 / 210

RGB 195 / 210 / 8 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 25 / 76 / 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 6 0 / 6 0 / 0

C / M / Y / K 4 4 / 0 / 11 / 0

C / M / Y / K 5 0 / 25 / 0 / 0

C / M / Y / K 34 / 0 / 8 5 / 0

WEB f fc c 6 6

WEB dc 8 4 6 4

WEB aad2dc

WEB 91aad2

WEB c 3 925 0

A palette of 5 secondary colours are complimentary to the primary colours and are used for differentiation between separate product lines or chapters in certain publications. The complimentary colours were chosen on basis of primary colour scale: red, yellow and blue. In addition we selected green and turquoise to complete the palette. Throughout the corporate identity, these colours will be used mainly as accents with domination of white and grey.

1.20 IDENTITY | Use of images

Correct choice of images The EMCDDA uses very little photography and imagery in its publications. This is because much of the imagery relating to drugs and drug addiction is generally perceived as negative. Instead, usage of EMCDDA graphic elements is preferred. When images are to be used, chose images that are clean and not cluttered, simple, with the illustrated content in focus. Images should be of documentary character, natural colours and without imbedded message or obvious emotional commentary. Full colour and black&white images are allowed. When images of people are required, choose photographs that are natural in appearance, documentary in character and unpretentious.

Forbidden use of images | IDENTITY 1.21

DON’T

Incorrect choice of images Do not use images that illustrate concepts of any kind, especially of drug use. Do not use illustrative and obviously arranged images. Do not use 3D or drawn illustrations of any kind. Do not use colorized images. Only natural full colour and black&white images are allowed. When portraits of people are required, do not use obvious and arranged images illustrating concepts or aftermath of drug use or related issues.

1.22 IDENTITY | Graphic motifs and use

Grey line (5% black), 1 pt

Grey field (14% black)

0.96 mm

Grey-lined Background The Grey-lined Background is an integral part of the EMCDDA corporate identity and is used where perscribed. Please use the illistrator data file provided in 100% for any formats up to A3. It is not recommended to construct the Grey-lined Background anew, but if it is necessary, please use the precise measurements provided on this page. Please see the Technical Annex for the specific use of the Grey-lined Background.

Graphic motifs and use | IDENTITY 1.23

Blue line (40 / 20 / 0 / 0) Blue field (50 / 25 / 0 / 0)

Green line Green field

Red line (0 / 45 / 45 / 0) Red field (0 / 60 / 60 / 0)

Turqoise line (30 / 0 / 7 / 0)

Colour-lined Backgrounds

Turqoise field (44 / 0 / 11 / 0)

The Lined Background exists in variations of all the EMCDDA secondary colours, referred to as Colour-lined Backgrounds. Please use the Illustrator data file provided

Yellow line Yellow field

in 100% for any formats up to A3. It is not recommended to construct the Colour-lined Backgrounds anew, but if it is necessary, please use the precise measurements provided on this page.

1.24 IDENTITY | Graphic motifs and use

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

Official EMCDDA claim

emcdda.europa.eu

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

The official claim can be used freely in text, according to the Agency’s directives. For special purposes (e.g. presentation materials) the claim exists in the form of a

emcdda.europa.eu

graphic motif that is an integral part of the EMCDDA corporate identity. The Claim Graphic Motif can be used relatively freely in respect to the overall visual identity system and good design standards. Always leave generous white space around and respect legibility in smaller sizes. Do not use any other colours then shown by this page and use only data provided along with this manual. For examples of use, please see Chapter 7, Promotional Items.

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

emcdda.europa.eu

emcdda.europa.eu EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

Graphic motifs and use | IDENTITY 1.25

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

Horizontal Bar Graphic motif The Horizontal Bar Graphic motif can be used relatively freely in respect to the overall visual identity system and good design standards. The motif can be a Claim carrier and combines Light Cool Grey with the Secondary Colours, with the grey dominating over the colours by

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

at least 60% field area. As all graphic motifs that are an integral part of the EMCDDA corporate identity system, the Horizontal Bar Graphic motif is a symbol of visualisation of information, numbers and scientific data. Please use only data provided along with this manual. For examples of use, please see Chapter 7, Promotional Items.

1.26 IDENTITY | Graphic motifs and use

Vertical Bar Graphic motif The Vertical Bar Graphic motif is always used bleeding off the bottom of the page (only exception is use for promotional items). The motif uses all colours from the Secondary Colour Palette or combines Background Grey 2 with the Secondary Colours, in ratio of about 50-50%. As all graphic motifs that are an integral part of the EMCDDA corporate identity system, the Horizontal Bar Graphic motif is a symbol of visualisation of information, numbers and scientific data. Please use only data provided along with this manual. For examples of use, please see Chapter 3, Publications or Chapter 7, Promotional Items.

Graphic motifs and use | IDENTITY 1.27

Line Graphic motif Example of graphic motif‘s segmentation

The Line Graphic motif can be used relatively freely in respect to the overall visual identity system and good design standards. The motif should have a generous white space around it and combines Light Cool Grey with the Secondary Colours, with the grey dominating over the colours by at least 60% field area. As all graphic motifs that are an integral part of the EMCDDA corporate identity system, the Horizontal Bar Graphic motif is a symbol of visualisation of information, numbers and scientific data. Please use only data provided along with this manual. For examples of use, please see Chapter 3, Publications or Chapter 7, Promotional Items.

Example of graphic motif‘s segmentation

1.28 IDENTITY | Graphic motifs and use

Molecule motif

HEROIN MOLECULE STRUCTURE MOTIF

The Molecule Graphic motif is always used bleeding off the page (as shown above). The motif is used only in EMCDDA Background Grey 2 (14% black). As all graphic motifs that are an integral part of the EMCDDA corporate identity system, the Molecule motif is a symbol of visualisation of information, in this case of molecular structures of specific drugs. Additional drug molecule structures may be created in-line

MDMA MOLECULE STRUCTURE MOTIF

with the existing design style. Please use only data provided along with this manual. For examples of use, please see Chapter 3, Publications, European Drug Report.

THC MOLECULE STRUCTURE MOTIF

Graphic motifs and use | IDENTITY 1.29

Development of new graphic motifs New graphic motifs may be created to enhance the EMCDDA visual identity system. These motifs must adhere to the developed system and aesthetics of the existing graphic symbols that are shown in this chapter. This page shows an example of a graphic motif developed especially for the Season’s greeting cards. Please refer to this manual when developing new graphic motifs and use only the colours allowed for the EMCDDA corporate identity.

1.30 IDENTITY | Typography

Corporate fonts – Trivia The Trivia family is the corporate typeface to be used for all external communication materials that are printed, including presentation and display materials. It should also be used for internal correspondence materials such as letters and memos if possible. To maintain the quality and integrity of Trivia, never alter the shape, proportion or space relationships of any of the characters or distort the font in any way. About Trivia The Trivia type face family was voted among the 10 best fonts of 2012 by the respected magazine Typefacts. It was designed by the well known type face designer Frantisek Storm of the Storm Type Foundry as a super-family containing the three basic Latin type categories: serif, sans-serif, slab serif, and a four-width grotesk. This extensive open-type family encompasses all of the Latin alphabets with the addition of Cyrillic and Greek and makes use of all open-type features. In case additional non-Latin alphabets or characters will be needed in the future, the Storm Type Foundry can be contacted for expanding the EMCDDA Trivia font family. More info on www.stormtype.com.

Trivia Light. Trivia Light Italic. Trivia Book. Trivia Italic. Trivia Medium. Trivia Medium Italic. Trivia Bold. Trivia Bold Italic. Trivia Black.

Typography | IDENTITY 1.31

Trivia Slab Book. Trivia Slab Italic. Trivia Slab Bold. Trivia Slab Bold Italic.

Trivia Grotesk N1. Trivia Grotesk N1 Italic. Trivia Grotesk N2 bold. Trivia Grotesk N2 bold Italic.

Corporate fonts – Trivia The Trivia family is extensive. EMCDDA corporate identity makes use of primarily

Arial Regular. Arial Regular Italic. Arial Bold. Arial Bold Italic. Arial Black.

Trivia Sans Serif. Trivia Slab Serif in Book and Bold are used in addition for specific graphic elements in the EMCDDA layouts (e.g. quotations). The Trivia Grotesk N1 and N2 can be used in materials where space conservation is necessary as it is a narrow version of Trivia. Corporate fonts – Arial Trivia is the standard typeface for all print applications. For all digital applications, PowerPoint and certain word templates, Arial is the standard typeface used in place of Trivia.

2 Items of stationery are the most frequently used medium of communication and are an important part of the EMCDDA identity.

Usage pages illustrate the layout elements

This section presents design and layout

for stationery and explain how to use

elements for all EMCDDA stationery.

templates, where applicable. These are available to EMCDDA staff as Microsoft

The following chapter shows the design

WordÂŽ templates but are also presented

elements incorporated for each stationery

for reference in pdf format on the

item. Please refer to the accompanying

accompanying flash dics.

flash disc and use the appropriate artwork files for producing pre-printed stationery of

Stationery items may be used for everyday

this kind.

internal and external communication.

STATIONERY

2.14 Postcard 2.15 Season’s greetings cards 2.16 Message pad 2.02 Letterhead

2.17 Minutes

2.03 Letterhead sheet 1

2.18 Missions

2.04 Letterhead sheet 2 (continuation page)

2.19 Speech

2.05 Envelopes

2.20 Short report

2.06 Mailing sticker

2.21 Long report

2.07 Address stickers

2.23 Memo

2.08 Business cards

2.24 Fax

2.09 Electronic signature

2.25 Transmission sheet

2.10 Nameplate

2.26 Agenda type 1

2.11 Visitor and Participant card / badge

2.27 Agenda type 1 – anotated

2.12 Compliments card

2.28 Agenda type 2

2.13 Ring binder

2.29 Agenda type 3

2.02 STATIONERY | Letterhead 13 mm 13 mm

17 mm

A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

The letterhead is preprinted and available also on the accompanying flash disc. Only one version exists for all levels of communication. TYPOGRAPHY Address: Trivia Sans Book 7.5 pt., leading 10 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Regular letterhead size A4 (shown here at Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 I emcdda.europa.eu I info@emcdda.europa.eu

58% of actual size) 11 mm 13 mm

Letterhead sheet 1 | STATIONERY 2.03 13 mm

17 mm

50 mm

20 mm

13 mm

17 mm

A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm 74 mm

17 mm

Mr. A B Sample 01 Sample Street Sampletown Sample 12345 ABCD

52 mm

Ref: Date:

123/456 22 November 2013

Dear collegues, 15 mm

te nos earchic imintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit experae magnimus, acea sunt et verorat iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae explaceperum id que moluptat pos de pelecab orrovid elenda int lamus. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Omnist, omnime nos et facea volorereste cuptata tendant ditiusm, vel exernam inulliquatur milibus apicitionsed quaepre hentis doloriam aut invellendias con con corescienet peribearum sam quis eatibus dolore nosandae. Mo quis eat adignimo berum aut maiorrum que nonestrum volorrupiet untion con con comnimus, id et a cus voluptiores quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov iderchilit ilita int fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo. Itatium ipsam et quae sunt que comnihit, cores aut volupta turita porro quis id ut que magnihicime eventiusam estia volent.

Microsoft Word® templates are available to EMCDDA staff for use with the A4 letterhead.

Best regards Jonathan Smith

TYPOGRAPHY All text fields: Arial Regular 10 pt., leading 15 pt. Colour: Black Regular letterhead size A4 (shown here at

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 I emcdda.europa.eu I info@emcdda.europa.eu

11 mm 13 mm

58% of actual size)

2.04 STATIONERY | Letterhead sheet 2 (continuation page) 13 mm

17 mm

20 mm

13 mm

17 mm

A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm 17 mm

Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit experae magnimus, acea sunt et verorat iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae explaceperum id que moluptat pos de pelecab orrovid elenda int lamus. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Omnist, omnime nos et facea volorereste cuptata tendant ditiusm, vel exernam inulliquatur milibus apicitionsed quaepre hentis doloriam aut invellendias con con corescienet peribearum sam quis eatibus dolore nosandae. Mo quis eat adignimo berum aut maiorrum que nonestrum volorrupiet untion con con comnimus, id et a cus voluptiores quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov iderchilit ilita int fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo. Itatium ipsam et quae sunt que comnihit, cores aut volupta turita porro quis id ut que magnihicime eventiusam estia volent.

The letterhead continuation page is preprinted and available also on the

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accompanying flash disc. Only one version exists for all levels of communication.

Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit experae magnimus, acea sunt et verorat iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae explaceperum id que moluptat pos de pelecab orrovid elenda int lamus. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Mo quis eat adignimo berum aut maiorrum que nonestrum volorrupiet untion con con comnimus, id et a cus voluptiores quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov iderchilit ilita int fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. On nis debis eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo.

Microsoft Word® templates are available to EMCDDA staff for use with the A4 letterhead. TYPOGRAPHY Address: Trivia Sans Book 7.5 pt., leading 10 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Text field:

Best regards Jonathan Smith

Arial Regular 10 pt., leading 15 pt. Colour: Black Regular letterhead size A4 (shown here at 58% of actual size)

info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

11 mm 13 mm

Envelopes | STATIONERY 2.05

17 mm Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal

17 mm 17 mm

B4 | 353 mm × 250 mm

17 mm Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal

17 mm 17 mm

C4 | 324 mm × 229 mm

13 mm Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal

17 mm 13 mm

C5 | 229 mm × 162 mm

9 mm Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal

9 mm

14.5 mm

DL | 220 mm × 110 mm

Envelopes are produced in five standard

9 mm Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal

9 mm

14.5 mm

C6 | 162 mm × 114 mm

formats and should be used with coordinating stationary. They are available in Portuguese only, according to postal requirements. Data files are available on the accompanying flash disc. All envelopes are shown here at 40% of actual size.

2.06 STATIONERY | Mailing sticker

9 mm

14.5 mm

74 mm

9 mm

14.5 mm

Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal

40 mm

19.5 mm

DESTINATÁRIO:

37 mm

Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal

A self-adhesive mailing sticker has been developed in one standard format to be used on large dispatches from the EMCDDA, such as mailing boxes. This pre-printed sticker is available in Portuguese according

20 mm

DESTINATÁRIO:

to the postal requirements. Data file is available on the accompanying flash disc. TYPOGRAPHY Address: Trivia Sans Medium 8.5 pt., leading 11 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Cool Grey Destinatário: Trivia Sans Light 12 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Cool Grey or EMCDDA secondary colour

Mailing sticker is shown here actual size. Format | 150 mm × 100 mm

Address stickers | STATIONERY 2.07

7.25

15.5 mm

78.5 mm

3.25

15.5 mm

7.25 mm

Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal

15.5 mm

7.25 mm

Format | 120 mm × 30 mm

14.5 mm

20 mm

4.5

96.5 mm

14.5 mm

Large and Small Address sticker Self-adhesive address stickers have been

15 mm

developed in two formats to be used on miscalaneous dispatches from the

Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal

20 mm

15 mm

EMCDDA. This pre-printed stickers are available in Portuguese according to the postal requirements. Data files are available on the accompanying flash disc. TYPOGRAPHY Small sticker: Trivia Sans Medium 9 pt., leading 12.5 pt.

Format | 150 mm × 50 mm

Colour: EMCDDA Cool Grey Large sticker: Trivia Sans Medium 11 pt., leading 16 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Cool Grey

Address stickers are shown here actual size.

2.08 STATIONERY | Business cards

10 mm

27 mm

4 mm

10 mm

11 mm

Name Surname

Business cards are printed double sided 26 mm

available on the accompanying flash disc. TYPOGRAPHY

Title

Unit

with back side used for accenting web address and social media. Data file is

Name Surname

Title

4 mm

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 name.surname@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

Name Surname: Trivia Sans Bold 9.5 pt., leading 11 pt.

Format | 85 mm × 55 mm

Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Title: Trivia Sans Book 8.8 pt., leading 11 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey

Name Surname

Unit:

Title Sector

Trivia Sans Bold 9.5 pt., leading 11 pt. Colour: EMCDDA 40% Black

Unit

or secondary colour

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 name.surname@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

Address: Trivia Sans Book 9.5 pt., leading 11 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Cool Grey or selected EMCDDA secondary colour Backside: Trivia Sans Medium 9 pt., leading 12 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Business cards are shown here actual size.

emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

Electronic signature | STATIONERY 2.09

Name Surname Title Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 name.surname@emcdda.europa.eu

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1149-289 Lisbon, Portugal emcdda.europa.eu I facebook.com/emcdda I twitter.com/emcdda

Name Surname Title Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 name.surname@emcdda.europa.eu

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Your reference point on drugs in Europe Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1149-289 Lisbon, Portugal emcdda.europa.eu I facebook.com/emcdda I twitter.com/emcdda

The electronic signature data file is available on the accompanying flash disc. TYPOGRAPHY Name Surname: Trivia Sans Bold 11.5 pt., leading 12 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Title: Trivia Sans Book 10 pt., leading 12 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Tel., mail: Trivia Sans Book 8.5 pt., leading 10.5 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Greyy Agency title: Trivia Sans Bold 8.8 pt., leading 11 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Agency title: Trivia Sans Book 8.5 pt., leading 11 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey

2.10 STATIONERY | Nameplate

EMCDDA Participant Name

VIP Title

VIP Name Surname fold

Participant Name VIP Title

VIP Title

EMCDDA

VIP Name Surname

A3 | 420 mm × 297 mm REGULAR NAMEPLATE (SHOWN AFTER FOLDING)

Microsoft Word® templates are available to EMCDDA staff for creating and printing the Nameplates. Data file is available on the accompanying flash disc. TYPOGRAPHY Name: Arial Bold 70 pt Colour: Black Agency name / title: Arial Regular 70 pt

VIP Name Surname VIP Title

Colour: Black Nameplates are folded A3 (shown here at 35% of actual size)

VIP NAMEPLATE (SHOWN AFTER FOLDING)

A3 folded | 420 mm × 148.5 mm

Visitor’s cards / Visitor’s badge / Participant’s badge | STATIONERY 2.11

Visitor

Participant

Name I Nom

Organisation

Event

Format | 85 mm × 55 mm

Visitor I Visiteur I Visitante

Visitor and Participant cards and badges can be printed as premanufactured plastic or paper cards or they can be produced on a laser printer in-house. Microsoft Word® templates are available to EMCDDA staff for creating and printing the cards / badges. Data file is available on the accompanying flash disc. Cards / badges are shown here actual sizes

2.12 STATIONERY | Compliments card

Com os melhores cumprimentos

With compliments Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal

emcdda.europa.eu

Mit freundlichen Grüßen

Avec nos meilleurs compliments

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lissabon, Portugal

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisbonne, Portugal

emcdda.europa.eu

DL | 220 mm × 110 mm Compliment cards are pre-printed in various language mutations. Data files are available on the accompanying flash disc. (Shown here at 55% of actual size.)

Format | 50 mm × 110 mm

The longest name or title which shouldn’t be more than four lines

The short name

The longest name or title – shouldn’t be longer than four or five lines

The short name

Ring binder | STATIONERY 2.13

Format | 30 mm × 110 mm

Ring binder labels are available as Microsoft Word® templates to EMCDDA staff and on the accompanying flash disc. (Shown here in actual size.)

2.14 STATIONERY | Postcard

Main Title

Title

s. furniu avem a et. c , lo ego cum t aric patu ius, sena hensulo sta m u r s il n r t o f in tu se te deor es. blici Opu pratraet atantem cere hos s, quide u c in b id e t a o r . a h u u Iq ul ivit ult dem bons quit priv ae num p fe sicau Nos per reor liceri pr a c c s s e nov , ub Es inatu . ntreo tabe ltorei pat u Curs

emc

dda.e

urop

a.eu

Main Title

Postcards can be produced using images,

Opublici forum patu ego locavem furnius. Iquo inpratraet deortilius, senat arica et. Nos bonsulture catantem in turs hensulocum, novescreor quit privivitatid cere hos se tensta tabentreo, ubliceri prae num pul habus, quidees! Es inatus caperfe sicaudem cris, urobus.

text, and / or the existing EMCDDA graphic motifs. Data files are available on the accompanying flash disc. (Shown here at 65% of actual size.)

emcdda.europa.eu

A6 | 148 mm × 105 mm

emcdda.europa.eu/edr

Main

emcdda.europa.eu

Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependencia Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal

Season’s greetings card | STATIONERY 2.15 fold

facebook.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda twitter.com/emcdda twitter.com/emcdda

Boas Boas Festas Festas Meilleurs Meilleurs vœux vœux Season’s Season’s greetings greetings Mit Mit den den besten besten WÜnschen WÜnschen emcdda.europa.eu emcdda.europa.eu

emcdda.europa.eu emcdda.europa.eu

INSIDE

BACK

FRONT

Season’s greetings cards can be produced Format | 200 mm × 210 (DL when folded)

using images, text, and / or the existing EMCDDA season’s greetings graphic motifs (shown here). Data files are available on the accompanying flash disc. (Shown here at 65% of actual size.)

2.16 STATIONERY | Message pad

Message Date

Time I Heure

For I Pour

Taken by I Enregistré par

Name I Nom Tel. I Tél. Message

The message pad is available for general everyday use. Data files are available on the accompanying flash disc. (Shown here at actual size.)

Format | 100 mmm × 144 mmm

Minutes | STATIONERY 2.17

Minutes

XX.XX.2015

invelit assimagnam, corro occulpa rchiliae illa nimilles ium eliquibusam recum et eossi re voluptatur as alitat. Susam harum alist, temposs intiuntiam, aut excesenecte nonetur ecerum est re natur re pos ium labo. Bus aut volorepediam harum est qui dol. Tatinct atestiore omnis renet labor simporeptae seque et omnis ad que doluptataque imporio intem quiaeperum conet, simi, volorerunt.

Gent quias imusamus eum voleseq (Heading 2)

Minutes Meeting

Lorem Ipsum

Date

XX.XX.2015

Venue

Lorem Ipsum

Present

Names

Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum (Heading 1) Et volorissi cusciam, conem que eume perum et volorrumque voles evel et asperferit doluptatint earchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur ellor adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum dolorem esti offic temolor eptiandita quunt imet faccusda conemquia di rem aut laut rempellabore eatur aut pel mincit modit, et dolor autemodia et il idelit hiliquassus. Optassimi, int dunt aut etur modictur, untur most alit rem rem de necto maximint.

Animagnim quiaspe liquuntur sunt liquam aut aut laborit, im que verions erferupta ducium dolorit et quam, si blatiatia volut haristium restion corro et ipictatecus. Atur rae in conseriore cone inulparibus. Ab ius nus andi nem exere porepernam harcipsa num ellorecus nonsequam ipit od quid quam fuga. Ipsunt es reperrum qui comnis inusdandunt od earibereium sum sin porae volupta temporeror sedit, sum cor aut quiatur erisqui dis iunt, temporibus, acearchitem facium est, nihillat lande exererias dioste et doluptae nobis dus aut occaecea sed et ium rest, nonem quam, ius sum ut venti odi aut am apis rendis cus, sa cone volorib eaquibus, quasin ne occatis eaquibusdae velit antem cus autectatum invent voluptist, inverem esendandam, sa es ea anda con eliquibusam recum et eossi re voluptatur as alitat. Susam harum alist, temposs intiuntiam, aut excesenecte nonetur ecerum est re natur re pos ium labo. Bus aut volorepediam harum est qui dolorrum nobis pa illatio ribus, sequis ute audantem ipsantiae dolor as quunt aliquis andae plaut esequam endipsapedis sum et intior moles velitint doluptate nobita volorep ernamet hic tem ad moluptur sam quiaspel ipsum erspe mod quata cus es exeritio. Itae. Andisi cullestrum, consed qui tem con cus. Editibus et vent est eum volupta (Heading 3) Nimus doluptati sunt, corem alit entio explab ilibust rumquun tibust molest ipsumquo mi, corat andel earchic imilitio ommo dolupti ossinve ndisquam, apelign isimus quatis iuntotam eat vellore rovidus aut occus autae suntus, sed que occatem voluptatem alit autasi omnimust, ulparit peris dolupta tiberiam fugit fuga. Itatur magnamet eveliquam utem dolorpo reptatasit qui teste ideligene restis eius mo odit is re porendit aut lam eicte vent alitaque mos et hillessum sumqui dende voloritatam ima none sit resto experio tesseniti dolor sene volest que dellabo. Mil inus molorepe nimaxim oluptatatur modis ma delis eossus, ut labores est, quati offic te eatiusandae volorepudit litioribea dis eost, sequatiume quiaerc hicieni minustem est quat et alibus exerum fugition comnis modisit iissit andem hiciam es consedit quatius et etur rem ipsuntio eum hiciatempos verovidem idebit hilibusciis aut utaturi ssimus eum latinveres restet dersper oreiume rere none ario inti unt.

Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum (Heading 1)

info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

CONTINUATION PAGE

Nem sequiducite doluptia diandionse libusan derum, quibus eos dollitiata sitatur rehenim aximolor aut aces est eveleni dionsed utem del ma quo cumquia aut et eatem inveles sitium, solutemodi optatem qui alit, ut quia seribus. Illa volupta tintibuscium que la cus pores es natur sim nis cum que invelit assimagnam, corro occulpa rchiliae illa nimilles ium est estenienis sunt estium am resto il minci occus milloremped molecea evella pel inciistia volore officid quist, omnis doloreius doluptatem la cus pores es natur sim nis cum que invelit assimagnam, corro occulpa rchiliae illa nimilles ium faceat accaes estemporro exeriostis nis sed ulpa ad ute mollige ndellor aut reribust licimet aut ut duciae quia in repudip suntium volorror amus. andam, sa es ea anda con la cus pores es natur sim nis cum que

Minutes are largely, but not exclusively, used for internal communication. Microsoft Word® templates are available to EMCDDA staff and on the accompanying flash disc.

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 I info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

(Title page shown left at 58% of actual size.) A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

TITLE PAGE

2.18 STATIONERY | Missions

Mission report

XX.XX.2015

resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatem exerum, santisquam nectas pelitat ius, seque non con ped maximodit ut abo.

Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum (Heading 1) Nem sequiducite doluptia diandionse libusan derum, quibus eos dollitiata sitatur rehenim aximolor aut aces est eveleni dionsed utem del ma quo cumquia aut et eatem inveles sitium, solutemodi optatem qui alit, ut quia seribus. Illa volupta tintibuscium que est estenienis sunt estium am resto il minci occus milloremor aut reribust licimet aut ut duciae quia in repudip suntium volorror amus. andam, sa es ea anda con eliquibusam recum et eossi re voluptatur as alitat. Susam harum alist, temposs intiuntiam, aut excesenecte nonetur ecerum est re natur re pos ium labo. Bus aut volorepediam harum est qui dol. Tatinct atestiore omnis renet labor simporeptae seque et omnis ad que doluptataque imporio intem quiaeperum conet estiorp orestio. Laccatem est, simi, volorerunt.

Mission report

Gent quias imusamus eum voleseq (Heading 2) Animagnim quiaspe liquuntur sunt liquam aut aut laborit, im que verions erferupta ducium dolorit et quam, si blatiatia volut haristium restion corro et ipictatecus. Atur rae in conseriore cone inulparibus. Ab ius nus andi nem exere porepernam harcipsa aut aces est eveleni dionsed utem del ma quo cumquia aut et eatem inveles sitium, solutemodi num ellorecus nonsequam libusan derum, quibus eos dollitiata sitatur rehenim aximolor aut aces est eveleni dionsed utem del ma quo cumquia aut ipit od quid quam fuga. Ipsunt es reperrum qui comnis inusdandunt od earibereium sum sin porae volupta temporeror sedit, sum cor aut quiatur erisqui dis iunt, temporibus, facium est, nihilla.

Date

XX.XX.2015

Meeting

Lorem Ipsum

Author

Name Surname

Recipients

Names

Mission report questionnaire How many participants were present?

Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum (Heading 1)

Did you carry out any media interviews? Vent alitaque mos et hillessum?

Et volorissi cusciam, conem que eume perum et volorrumque voles evel et asperferit doluptatint earchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur ellor adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum dolorem esti offic temolor eptiandita quunt imet faccusda conemquia di rem aut laut rempellabore eatur aut pel mincit modit, et dolor autemodia et il idelit hiliquassus. Optassimi, int dunt aut etur modictur, untur most alit rem rem de necto maximint.

Mil inus molorepe nimaxim? Nimus doluptati sunt, corem alit? Tatur magnamet eveliquam utem? Eliquibusam recum et eossi re voluptatur? Susam harum alist, temposs intiuntiam? Andisi cullestrum, consed qui tem com?

Gent quias imusamus eum voleseq (Heading 2)

Ab ius nus andi nem exere porepernam? Comments

Bus nienis pa cusam quis comnihi llorem hitatem imagnimendis ad ut expe venimusanto quosandam que eatiost volut quam fugitatiost endeleniaes num reium il etur, officid explab int aliasinimi, cullabo invel modis rest, quam, ata voluptati dolora cum conet essinverest delloru ptiosamet exces aut et, audam la con et laces ped molutatur aborporestis eument et ut explianimus.

info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

Editibus et vent est eum volupta (Heading 3) Ihic tem et pos aut el eatiis moluptaerit verio. Cullorpore voluptibusae num num que cum simintius inctestiunt laceper epellaceatur solorec turibus, te velis autaquis esto volore quatur, sae. Ant a quatur, officae ex et quam ant in re ellatem nis mrchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur ellor adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum doloremsam quosae et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatem exerum, santisquam nectas pelitat ius, seque non con ped maximodit ut abo.

CONTINUATION PAGE

Editibus et vent est eum volupta (Heading 3) Ihic tem et pos aut el eatiis moluptaerit verio. Cullorpore voluptibusae num num que cum simintius inctestiunt laceper epellaceatur solorec turibus, te velis autaquis esto volore quatur, sae. Ant a quatur, officae ex et quam ant in re rchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur ellor adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum dolorem esti offic temolor eptiandita quunt imet faccusda conemquia di rem aut laut rempellabore eatur aut pel mincit moellatem nis maxim velibus maximet, officillore escipsu ntempor ibusam quosae et veres ent

Missions are largely, but not exclusively, used for internal communication. Microsoft Word® templates are available to EMCDDA staff and on the accompanying flash disc.

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 I info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

(Title page shown right at 58% of actual size.) A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

TITLE PAGE

Speech | STATIONERY 2.19

Speech

XX.XX.2015

Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum (Heading 1) Nem sequiducite doluptia diandionse libusan derum, quibus eos dollitiata sitatur rehenim aximolor aut aces est eveleni dionsed utem del ma quo cumquia aut et eatem inveles sitium, solutemodi optatem qui alit, ut quia seribus. Illa volupta tintibuscium que est estenienis sunt estium am resto il minci occus milloremped molecea evella pel inciistia volore officid quist, omnis doloreius doluptatem la cus pores es natur sim nis cum que invelit assimagnam, corro occulpa rchiliae illa nimilles ium faceat accaes estemporro exeriostis nis sed ulpa ad ute mollige ndellor aut reribust licimet aut ut duciae quia in repudip suntium volorror amus. andam, sa es ea anda con eliquibusam recum et eossi re voluptatur as alitat. Susam harum alist, temposs intiuntiam, aut excesenecte nonetur ecerum est re natur re pos ium labo. Bus aut volorepediam harum est qui dol. Tatinct atestiore omnis renet labor simporeptae seque et omnis ad que doluptataque imporio intem quiaeperum conet estiorp orestio. Laccatem est, simi, volorerunt.

Speech

Gent quias imusamus eum voleseq (Heading 2)

Speaker

Name Surname

Title of speech

Title of the speech

Occasion

Lorem ipsum

Date

XX.XX.2015

Gent quias imusamus eum voleseq (Heading 2) Bus nienis pa cusam quis comnihi llorem hitatem imagnimendis ad ut expe venimusanto quosandam que eatiost volut quam fugitatiost endeleniaes num reium il etur, officid explab int aliasinimi, cullabo invel modis rest, quam, ata voluptati dolora cum conet essinverest delloru ptiosamet exces aut et, audam la con et laces ped molutatur aborporestis eument et ut explianimus. Editibus et vent est eum volupta (Heading 3) Ihic tem et pos aut el eatiis moluptaerit verio. Cullorpore voluptibusae num num que cum simintius inctestiunt laceper epellaceatur solorec turibus, te velis autaquis esto volore quatur, sae. Ant a quatur, officae ex et quam ant in re ellatem nis mrchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur ellor adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum doloremsam quosae et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es s, te velis autaquis esto volore quatur, sae. Ant a quatur, officae ex et quam ant in re rchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur ellor adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum dolorem esti offic temolor eptiandita quunt imet faccusda conemquia di rem aut laut rempellabore eatur aut pel mincit moellatem nis maxim velibus maximet, officillore escipsu ntempor ibusam quosae et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volensa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserumtio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatem exerum, santisquam nectas pelitat ius, seque non con ped maximodit ut abo.

info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

CONTINUATION PAGE

Speeches are largely, but not exclusively, used for internal communication. Microsoft Word® templates are available to EMCDDA staff and on the accompanying flash disc.

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 I info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

(Title page shown left at 58% of actual size.) A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

TITLE PAGE

2.20 STATIONERY | Short report

Report

XX.XX.2015

mincit moellatem nis maxim velibus maximet, officillore escipsu ntempor ibusam quosae et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatem exerum, santisquam nectas pelitat ius, seque non con ped maximodit ut abo.

Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum (Heading 1) Nem sequiducite doluptia diandionse libusan derum, quibus eos dollitiata sitatur rehenim aximolor aut aces est eveleni dionsed utem del ma quo cumquia aut et eatem inveles sitium, solutemodi optatem qui alit, ut quia seribus. Illa volupta tintibuscium que est estenienis sunt estium am resto il minci occus milloremped molecea evella pel inciistia volore officid quist, omnis doloreius doluptatem la cus pores es natur sim nis cum que invelit assimagnam, corro occulpa rchiliae illa nimilles ium faceat accaes estemporro exeriostis nis sed ulpa ad ute mollige ndellor aut reribust licimet aut ut duciae quia in repudip suntium volorror amus. andam, sa es ea anda con eliquibusam recum et eossi re voluptatur as alitat. Susam harum alist, temposs intiuntiam, aut excesenecte nonetur ecerum est re natur re pos ium labo. Bus aut volorepediam harum est qui dol. Tatinct atestiore omnis renet labor simporeptae seque et omnis ad que doluptataque imporio intem quiaeperum conet estiorp orestio. Laccatem est, simi, volorerunt.

Short report title might be in two lines if necessary

Gent quias imusamus eum voleseq (Heading 2)

Date

XX.XX.2015

Author

Name Surname

Recipients

Names

Editibus et vent est eum volupta (Heading 4) Nimus doluptati sunt, corem alit entio explab ilibust rumquun tibust molest ipsumquo mi, corat andel earchic imilitio ommo dolupti ossinve ndisquam, apelign isimus quatis iuntotam eat vellore rovidus aut occus autae suntus, sed que occatem voluptatem alit autasi omnimust, ulparit peris dolupta tiberiam fugit fuga. Itatur magnamet eveliquam utem dolorpo reptatasit qui teste ideligene restis eius mo odit is re porendit aut lam eicte vent alitaque mos et hillessum sumqui dende voloritatam ima none sit resto experio tesseniti dolor sene volest que dellabo. Mil inus molorepe nimaxim oluptatatur modis ma delis eossus, ut labores est, quati offic te eatiusandae volorepudit litioribea dis eost, sequatiume quiaerc hicieni minustem est quat et alibus exerum fugition comnis modisit iissit andem hiciam es consedit quatius et etur rem ipsuntio eum hiciatempos verovidem idebit hilibusciis aut utaturi ssimus eum latinveres restet dersper oreiume rere none ario inti unt.

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Ihic tem et pos aut el eatiis moluptaerit verio. Cullorpore voluptibusae num num que cum simintius inctestiunt laceper epellaceatur solorec turibus, te velis autaquis esto volore quatur, sae. Ant a quatur, officae ex et quam ant in re ellatem nis mrchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur ellor adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum doloremsam quosae et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatem exerum, santisquam nectas pelitat ius, seque non con ped maximodit ut abo.

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Long report | STATIONERY 2.21

Long report title might be on two lines if necessary

Date

XX.XX.2015

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2.22 STATIONERY | Long report

Long report title might be on two lines if necessary

Report

XX.XX.2015

Contents

Editibus et vent est eum volupta (Heading 3)

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Feria voluptatus assitiis ium (Heading 1)

Aut alitatate vidi velenihici volendi (Heading 2) Onseque laborest optin eos nost (Heading 3) Nis erum quam dolenda suntis dem quuntoratem

1 5

uria ereprati blacea us pari sam (Heading 4) Dea nobisti to dus idebitatia inctam (Heading 2)

8 9

Ihic tem et pos aut el eatiis moluptaerit verio. Cullorpore voluptibusae num num que cum simintius inctestiunt laceper epellaceatur solorec turibus, te velis autaquis esto volore quatur, sae. Ant a quatur, officae ex et quam ant in re ellatem nis mrchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur ellor adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum doloremsam quosae et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatem exerum, santisquam nectas pelitat ius, seque non con ped maximodit ut abo.

Kuaturibus et qui corio (Heading 1)

lparum nonsequas ero excero tes as susandiae restio qui dit de poribusa (Heading 2) Dis eos modis aperro quo bea non cus (Heading 3)

11 13

Kis ium estions ectore vendion comnihil ides ex expel mo id molorerepe imoloreiu (Heading 4) Volorib earior rate dem velic tent (Heading 2)

14 17

Editibus et vent est eum volupta (Heading 4) Ihic tem et pos aut el eatiis moluptaerit verio. Cullorpore voluptibusae num num que cum simintius inctestiunt laceper epellaceatur solorec turibus, te velis autaquis esto volore quatur, sae. Ant a quatur, officae ex et quam ant in re rchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur ellor adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum dolorem esti offic temolor eptiandita quunt imet faccusda conemquia di rem aut laut rempellabore eatur aut pel mincit moellatem nis maxim velibus maximet, officillore escipsu ntempor ibusam quosae et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatem exerum, santisquam nectas pelitat ius, seque non con ped maximodit ut abo.

Officil ipsam, quam ium aut posame (Heading 1)

Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum (Heading 1)

Nobis modia arum velit haria ditibea (Heading 2) Derum quunt modit aliquis nis eum utatur (Heading 3)

19 22

Nem sequiducite doluptia diandionse libusan derum, quibus eos dollitiata sitatur rehenim aximolor aut aces est eveleni dionsed utem del ma quo cumquia aut et eatem inveles sitium, solutemodi optatem qui alit, ut quia seribus. Illa volupta tintibuscium que est estenienis sunt estium am resto il minci occus milloremped molecea evella pel inciistia volore officid quist, omnis doloreius doluptatem la cus pores es natur sim nis cum que invelit assimagnam, corro occulpa rchiliae illa nimilles ium faceat accaes estemporro exeriostis nis sed ulpa ad ute mollige ndellor aut reribust licimet aut ut duciae quia in repudip suntium volorror amus. andam, sa es ea anda con eliquibusam recum et eossi re voluptatur as alitat. Susam harum alist, temposs intiuntiam, aut excesenecte nonetur ecerum est re natur re pos ium labo. Bus aut volorepediam harum est qui dol. Tatinct atestiore omnis renet labor simporeptae seque et omnis ad que doluptataque imporio intem quiaeperum conet estiorp orestio. Laccatem est, simi, volorerunt.

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Memo | STATIONERY 2.23

Memo

XX.XX.2015

Memo To

Name Surname

From

Name Surname

Subject

Lorem ipsum

Date

XX.XX.2015

Copy

Name Surname

Title 1 Et volorissi cusciam, conem que eume perum et volorrumque voles evel et asperferit doluptatint earchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur moluptusci ist fugitat emporibus, cores verum labo. Ga. Bis molupta cus am, versperit aute ex ellor magnatior am volupic tem re intem ipidita corit plab in resed ese porrore volupti blacestio Ullit adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum dolorem esti offic temolor eptiandita quunt imet faccusda conemquia di rem aut laut rempellabore eatur aut pel mincit modit, et dolor autemodia et il idelit hiliquassus. Optassimi, int dunt aut etur modictur, untur most alit rem rem de necto maximint. Bus nienis pa cusam quis comnihi llorem hitatem imagnimendis ad ut expe venimusanto quosandam que eatiost volut quam fugitatiost endeleniaes num reium il etur, officid explab int aliasinimi, cullabo repudae rnatior eptatur aped quatempores re etur? Ilit hillorepres aut quaecat enihil incides maios invel modis rest, quam, ata voluptati dolora cum conet essinverest delloru ptiosamet exces aut et, nat odipsanda suntias am doluptatur? Quia dolutatem. Editibus et vent est eum volupta nonsequas reperiori utatio. Abo. Gent quias imusamus eum voleseq uiandae comnimus, quatium qui re voluptias audam la con et laces ped molutatur aborporestis eument et ut explianimus. Ihic tem et pos aut el eatiis moluptaerit verio. Cullorpore voluptibusae num num que cum simintius inctestiunt laceper epellaceatur solorec turibus, te velis autaquis esto volore quatur, sae. Ant a quatur, officae ex et quam ant in re ellatem nis maxim velibus maximet, officillore escipsu ntempor ibusam quosae et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatemXime voluptatem idessinc et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatemXime voluptatem idessinctem tem aut dis doles iliquunt ut vellenis alignis truptat usantur, quo et fugit ulpa consequ ibusam doluptatem velita num, con cus nos plibusam, culparum ulpa nu.

Bus nienis pa cusam quis comnihi llorem hitatem imagnimendis ad ut expe venimusanto quosandam que eatiost volut quam fugitatiost endeleniaes num reium il etur, officid explab int aliasinimi, cullabo repudae rnatior eptatur aped quatempores re etur? Ilit hillorepres aut quaecat enihil incides maios invel modis rest, quam, ata voluptati dolora cum conet essinverest delloru ptiosamet exces aut et, nat odipsanda suntias am doluptatur? Quia dolutatem. Editibus et vent est eum volupta nonsequas reperiori utatio. Abo. Gent quias imusamus eum voleseq uiandae comnimus, quatium qui re voluptias audam la con et laces ped molutatur aborporestis eument et ut explianimus. Ihic tem et pos aut el eatiis moluptaerit verio. Cullorpore voluptibusae num num que cum simintius inctestiunt laceper epellaceatur solorec turibus, te velis autaquis esto volore quatur, sae. Ant a quatur, officae ex et quam ant in re ellatem nis maxim velibus maximet, officillore escipsu ntempor ibusam quosae et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatemXime voluptatem idessinctem aut dis doles iliquunt ut vellenis alignis truptat usantur, quo et fugit ulpa consequ ibusam doluptatem velita num, con cus nos plibusam, culparum ulpa nu. Te occus. Cae cum facipie nducid quiam volupta quaspienest maximodic tent. Dolum asimus voles dit pe prore vendiam, odissimod et voloribus evelliq uuntemqui qui assitaecte nessitiam vel eturias itionsenist, to enimagnam, corerupta volese dolorem olupta qui nitiuntibus acepedios et laboreriatur reptasp electem ut occae ne denim qui con conet volori omnimpo rehenient, sit ratios eos modit officita doluptatur am rem net quosaep udicide pore, accumqu amusamet peribus etur am nimus consequas molupta tiores et unt, unt la same corio eatest, niment autatur esequi consequis sim ipsam eos apidunt que que secturi dolupta temquo quas explit, sequis et rerspel itatibeaquia dolum volum ni omnis si tem aut quiaspiti idit eventin tianducilis ea voloreped ut esto eos vitat ante molesti accust qui auda destrum, numqui into consed millauda similis num fugiat. Faccuptae vernamet verspellupis apid qui aut ut imi, tem dollab ius et verent, cus invenia excestectem exero et quis eturio maximod ioneculpa sapienissita consequos ut volupit hillamus de dolorporem rerum quo quiduci utem alicimpore conseni hiciatios delecup iducien iatur? Velecum nis vellore et este dollabore, il inistisque ideri opti dus quo iliciam eos nem con reriosa dolupturia cust omnimet fuga. Laceritati doluptatur olorporpos eum natioratento et re nimodit, velendiam fugit rest laut voluptu renisse nimagnim ipsandi gendita turibus, que ne quatiis vernam, ommo dolum laccae. Pos quis precum faccull iquibeaqui dus everumque dite volent.

Name Title

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Te occus. Cae cum facipie nducid quiam volupta quaspienest maximodic tent. Dolum asimus voles itionsenist, to enimagnam, corerupta volese dolor nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla em olupta qui nitiuntibus acepedios et laboreriatur reptasp electem ut occae ne denim qui con conet volori omnimpo rehenien.

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2.24 STATIONERY | Fax

Fax

XX.XX.2015

Num id et quo que netur? Sed moluptur, tecupta turibus nusapel liciis excepel et ut aut verrunt quatem nes es eiusae num quiat ius velest quation enis debis qui doluptas et plis estium nullatem. Hariate voloreprovid ut aut aut fugias que voluptaquis mos nis voloris sequis pe si omnimol upidellore et qui tem volendelest facerch illent, natibea quasinist volor sint, cum qui audaerorunt. Apit fugit, quosseque quas mo que cum adi consed quosant. Torest, quo od ellaccus.Is estruptatia sitatqui apiet quiam im eiciae. Nam faccaecati te laborum fugiae aut faccupid enis qui que es ellab im dolupta eperro maximpo riasper chilibus, consendeles deliqui doluptas atiore parum quod es exerem voluptam etur aliquis rerita vellabo. Ut veratem volupiet uta nam, sinciisciis audipsundem corest escita cus. Od moditatum ut et ex expelitat estiae aborece rsperiate ellam que laborum dolore num harunt quunt. Si odiatquo consequ ideliquo quia que adit, omnim hit acerum hil ipsuntios solorerum, corerat lab is diandis et la et re lam sequat millende into ium nim et arum ipis que ma aut facepra tiuscim poruntis nus ium latisquae nis audicto tatquiatiam aut as reperatectis que quiate at. Atia vendicimi, nonecte iduciur, et utam nonecto et assi dolorehenda si bero officid quatus non corunt a et quia porporum eic tem. Nam et erferna menienis et alignati cus. Ferumet, offic tet audipsunt, con comnimodit eum fuga. Nonest aut quae. At es ipitatur, con corrores ad maxim quaercit volor aut as doluptatem lis voloreptat reped maion nis quam, sapicie ntinctur aligeni magnihil esto ipsamus sincto ipsunt, voles sequas velitatium ut molendicium ipsam laccus est, coriorum dis si bearitate dus, ommoditendae corrovit optatem hil is alitaec tendae num litius dolorem que vendige nisciis santiorerrum re estis endebis moluptat harit ut exernate natur as eaquidi taepta comnis debis nestiis neceriosam comnis re apedi nonem ut eos dolorio ssequod itaquatet enda voles porat quas magnis ea volupti busantet vel ipsunt, tem ipsunt dolorion nusantia cus dolorem. Et quunt estent pel idebis eiuntem re perum adic tem nobis evendam quam etum ipsunturam, tem.

Fax

Closing salutation

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Date

XX.XX.2015

Name Surname

Fax (420) 123 45 67 89

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Tel

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Opening salutation Et volorissi cusciam, conem que eume perum et volorrumque voles evel et asperferit doluptatint earchil is int rerio. Ut rempore dolor aceptatur sit, sundenem quia quatis ideseque modi rerundanim ium facculpa debisitiis modit archic to tecum recupta tiorehenis aut facil mo min et laboreiciur moluptusci ist fugitat emporibus, cores verum labo. Ga. Bis molupta cus am, versperit aute ex ellor magnatior am volupic tem re intem ipidita corit plab in resed ese porrore volupti blacestio Ullit adigenient. Et dolorion consere paritatiis aut volorum dolorem esti offic temolor eptiandita quunt imet faccusda conemquia di rem aut laut rempellabore eatur aut pel mincit modit, et dolor autemodia et il idelit hiliquassus. Optassimi, int dunt aut etur modictur, untur most alit rem rem de necto maximint. Bus nienis pa cusam quis comnihi llorem hitatem imagnimendis ad ut expe venimusanto quosandam que eatiost volut quam fugitatiost endeleniaes num reium il etur, officid explab int aliasinimi, cullabo repudae rnatior eptatur aped quatempores re etur? Ilit hillorepres aut quaecat enihil incides maios invel modis rest, quam, ata voluptati dolora cum conet essinverest delloru ptiosamet exces aut et, nat odipsanda suntias am doluptatur? Quia dolutatem. Editibus et vent est eum volupta nonsequas reperiori utatio. Abo. Gent quias imusamus eum voleseq uiandae comnimus, quatium qui re voluptias audam la con et laces ped molutatur aborporestis eument et ut explianimus.

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Ihic tem et pos aut el eatiis moluptaerit verio. Cullorpore voluptibusae num num que cum simintius inctestiunt laceper epellaceatur solorec turibus, te velis autaquis esto volore quatur, sae. Ant a quatur, officae ex et quam ant in re ellatem nis maxim velibus maximet, officillore escipsu ntempor ibusam quosae et veres ent resequid untiusa erferum delestio ex etus nectem incto volentio beaqui ut fugia nosserum re et es ulparias quatio. Itatur, sum, nonse solla viti id molestio. Ignimet quia doluptatemExpligni mustiam quiatqu iatibeatus sin non conseque omnis maios eum quodit ex eiciantorrum et vidunt vel exped erum voloresse dolupta cusda verferr orestru mquodig enecus dolessitis magnam idebit, ommos magnam qui dollatum sant, ut aceritati aut dem res santo con et quaecullab inimagn imusam inimus modi si idem quaspis tiiscius doluptae laute et et ium quatemquiam ex et et molore cum istrum volut velianto evenes et libust, aut quaecer orrovid et officatium laborrovid untur, quis estotae omnit eturet laborro blatur modia pos del modi dolor rem. Nequos vent. Fuga. Nam aut ipsae. Boreic tetur sequis es et aut qui comnimusam velessitibus sundignis nobis pliqui aperisc itatur? Sed que sequi doluptatatur sinveles ellacia vellectur magnim ute con nonem que dolore eum invel is volest autas volor mo odianditatur sitatiisim res sitation resere delentem fuga. Agnihil ex est, ullissi bero beribus et te et volores toremolor magnimus.

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Transmission sheet | STATIONERY 2.25

Transmission For agreement ▼ Date

XX.XX.2015

Subject

Lorem ipsum ut rerio expla sincil eos eos dolest excest ma duntiss ipsum

Date

Approval

Comments

Author

Head of unit

Head of governance unit

Director

Return to author for corrections

Return to author or secretariat concerned

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2.26 STATIONERY | Agenda type 1

50th meeting of the EMCDDA Management Board

EMCDDA/xx/xx (rev 1)

EMCDDA/xx/xx (rev 1) Friday, 5 December 2014 09.30–13.00 5. Points for decision/adoption by the Management Board: 5.5. Rules implementing the Financial Regulation applicable to the EMCDDA 5.6. EMCDDA policy for the prevention and management of conflicts of interest 5.7. EMCDDA Internal Statistics Code of Practice 10. Points for information: 10.1. First European conference on addictive behaviours and dependencies (Lisbon, 23–25 September 2015) 10.2. Cooperation with the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD): oral information by the Swedish delegation 10.3. Preparation of the EMCDDA’s 2016–18 strategy and work programme 10.4. Cooperation with non-EU countries, international organisations and other EU agencies: recent developments 10.5. Planning of meetings in 2015

EMCDDA/28/14 EMCDDA/29/14 EMCDDA/30/14

EMCDDA/31/14 EMCDDA/32/14 EMCDDA/33/14

EMCDDA/34/14

Agenda I Management Board XXth Meeting Date

4–5 December 2014

Venue

Lisbon

Chair

Wolfgang Götz

11. Any other business 10.30–11.00 Coffee break

Thursday, 4 December 2014 14.30–15.30 1. Adoption of the agenda Annotated agenda 2. Points for decision/adoption by the Management Board (restricted session): 2.1. Selection procedure 2.2. Selection procedure of the Director of the EMCDDA (restricted session) – State of play: oral presentation by the European Commission – Decision to ensure continuity of the functioning of the EMCDDA 2.3. Election of two Budget Committee members (restricted session)

EMCDDA/17/14 (rev1)

EMCDDA/19/14 EMCDDA/20/14

15.40–18.00 3. Activity reports: 3.1. Report on the activities of the Chairperson and the Executive Committee 3.2. Report from the Budget Committee 3.3. Report on the external activities of the Director

EMCDDA/21/14 EMCDDA/22/14 EMCDDA/23/14

4. Presentations by the EU Presidencies: 4.1. Presentation on the conclusions of the Italian Presidency 4.2. Presentation on the programme of the Latvian Presidency

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5. Points for decision/adoption by the Management Board: 5.1. Update on the situation concerning the buildings (for information only) 5.2. Budget for 2015 5.3. Work programme for 2015 5.4. Preliminary draft budget for 2016 19.30–20.30 Dinner

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EMCDDA/24/14 EMCDDA/25/14 EMCDDA/26/14 EMCDDA/27/14

Agenda type 1 – anotated | STATIONERY 2.27

50th meeting of the EMCDDA Management Board.

EMCDDA/xx/xx (rev 1)

EMCDDA/xx/xx (rev 1) Thursday, 4 December 2014 14.30–15.30 1. Adoption of the agenda

EMCDDA/17/14 rev1 EMCDDA/18/14

For decision

Agenda I Management Board

The Chair will briefly present the agenda with a view to its adoption.

2. Points for decision/adoption by the Management Board (restricted session):

XXth Meeting Date

4–5 December 2014

Venue

Lisbon

2.1. Selection procedure of the Director of the EMCDDA (restricted session)

Chair

Wolfgang Götz

The meeting will take place at the EMCDDA Headquarters, in the Conference Centre at Praça Europa 4, Cais do Sodré, 1249–206 Lisbon. It will begin on Thursday 4 December 2014 at 14.30 and will close on Friday 5 December 2014 at 13.00.

– State of play: oral presentation by the European Commission For information The Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (recast) stipulates in Article 11 that ‘The Centre shall be headed by a Director appointed by the Management Board on a proposal from the Commission for a five-year term, which shall be renewable.’ Mr Wolfgang Götz was appointed by the EMCDDA Management Board on 19 April 2005, and renewed by the Board on 1 July 2009 for a further five-year mandate from 1 May 2010 to 1 May 2015. The European Commission published the post in the Official Journal of the European Union on 15 October 2013. The European Commission will inform the Management Board about the state of play of the selection procedure.

– Decision to ensure continuity of the functioning of the EMCDDA

Simultaneous interpretation Simultaneous interpretation will be provided from and into French, English, German and Portuguese. Members may in addition speak Italian and Latvian.

EMCDDA/19/14

For adoption The Executive Committee will propose a decision to ensure continuity of the functioning of the EMCDDA’s executive management, should the appointment of a new Director not be possible by 1 May 2015. The members of the Management Board are requested to adopt the recommended decision.

2.2. Election of two Budget Committee members (restricted session)

EMCDDA/20/14

For decision According to article 4 of the rules of procedure of the Management Board (EMCDDA/06/07 final), the Member State representatives in the Budget Committee shall be elected for a mandate of three years, renewable, by the Management Board using the same procedure as for the election of the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman. Mr Ralf Löfstedt (SE) and Mr John McCracken (UK) were elected at the Management Board meeting of July 2009 and re-elected in July 2012. Their mandates come to an end on 30 June 2015, and can be renewed. Mr Ralf Löfstedt will retire at the end of December 2014. In order to ensure the continuity of the Budget Committee, and streamline the process for the election of its members, it is proposed that the Management Board elects two representatives of the Member States to the Budget Committee for a mandate from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2018. It is also proposed that one of the members elected will ensure the replacement of Mr Löfstedt from 1 January 2015 to 30 June 2015.

info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

CONTINUATION PAGE

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TITLE PAGE

2.28 STATIONERY | Agenda type 2

50th meeting of the EMCDDA Management Board

EMCDDA/xx/xx (rev 1)

EMCDDA/28/14 EMCDDA/29/14 EMCDDA/30/14

EMCDDA/31/14 EMCDDA/32/14 EMCDDA/33/14

EMCDDA/34/14

Agenda I Management Board XXth Meeting Date

4–5 December 2014

Venue

Lisbon

Chair

Wolfgang Götz

11. Any other business 10.30–11.00 Coffee break

EMCDDA/17/14 (rev1)

EMCDDA/19/14 EMCDDA/20/14

EMCDDA/21/14 EMCDDA/22/14 EMCDDA/23/14

4. Presentations by the EU Presidencies: 4.1. Presentation on the conclusions of the Italian Presidency 4.2. Presentation on the programme of the Latvian Presidency

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CONTINUATION PAGE

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TITLE PAGE

EMCDDA/24/14 EMCDDA/25/14 EMCDDA/26/14 EMCDDA/27/14

Agenda type 3 | STATIONERY 2.29

HOU/01/15 (draft)

Agenda I Heads of unit meeting

19.02.2015 — 10.00–13.00 (Roger Lewis Room, 106) 1. Adoption of the agenda

GOV

HOU/01/15

2. Strategic and long term issues • GRA 2014: State of play

GOV

• WP 2015 and Management Plan

GOV

• 2016–18 SWP: state of play

GOV

3. Operational issues 3.1. For discussion/opinion/decision COBU 01 15 EXCO 01 15 EMCDDA 01 15

• Preparation of EXCO and COBU meetings of 12-13 May

GOV

• Preparation of Scientific Committee meeting of 28-30 April

SDI

SCICOM/I/4

GOV

Decision and Final budget allocation

• Budget 2015 – Decision on the Allocation and Management of 2015 Budget Appropriations 3.2. For Decision • Appointment of two representatives for the Training Committee

GOV/ADM

Procedures for the management of EMCDDA staff development/training

3.3. For information • European Drug Report Package 2015

COM

• European conference on addictive behaviours and dependencies 23–25 September 2015.

SDI

4. A.O.B.

Items for information (only documents): • List of events (March-April–May 2015) • COG meeting: Minutes meetings of 13 January and 10 February

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TITLE PAGE

3 The following chapter shows EMCDDA’s publication lines. These are the agency’s most important and complex products and therefore should be treated with utmost care and attention to details. Please refer to the accompanying flash disc and use the appropriate artwork files for producing the correct publication layouts. For specific rules and layout regulations, including spacing, typography, colours and graphic motif use, please see also chapter 8 – technical annex - of this corporate identity manual.

PUBLICATIONS

3.02 Introductory note 3.04 Main layout types PRODUCT LINES 3.06 EMCDDA publications at a glance

NEWSLETTER

3.07 Product lines overview

3.34 Drugnet Europe

3.12 Colour use in product lines SERIES ANNUAL REPORTING

3.38 Monographs

3.20 European Drug Report

3.39 Insights

3.22 Perspectives On Drugs

3.40 Manuals 3.41 EMCDDA papers

INSTITUTIONAL VOLUMES 3.24 General Report of Activities

OUTPUTS RELATED TO 2005 / 387 / JHA

3.26 A year in review

3.44 Joint Reports

3.27 Annual Accounts

3.45 Risk Assessments

3.28 Annual Budget

3.46 Implementation reports

3.29 Annual Work Programme 3.30 Three-year Strategy and Work Programme

JOINT PUBLISHING

3.31 National report

3.48 Joint publications (co-publishing)

3.02 PUBLICATIONS | Introductory note TD-AT-13-001-EN-C

About the EMCDDA

of publications through which it conveys its research and key findings.

The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the hub of drug-related information in Europe. Its mission is to provide the EU and its Member States with ‘factual, objective, reliable and comparable information’ on drugs, drug addiction and their consequences. Established in 1993, it opened its doors in Lisbon in 1995 and is one of the EU’s decentralised agencies. With a strong multidisciplinary team, the agency offers policymakers the evidence base they need for drawing up drug laws and strategies. It also helps professionals and researchers pinpoint best practice and new areas for analysis.

Trends and developments

Every year, the EMCDDA produces a variety

ISSN 1977-9860

EMCDDA publications at a glance

The Trends and developments report presents a top-level overview of the drug phenomenon in Europe, covering drug supply, use and public health problems as well as drug policy and responses. Together with the online Statistical bulletin, Country overviews and Perspectives on drugs, it makes up the 2013 European Drug Report package.

EUROPEAN DRUG REPORT 2013

About this report

These publications take the form of annual reports on the drug phenomenon,

Trends and developments

an administrative report of activities and specialised scientific and thematic volumes falling into four distinct series. More synthesised information is released through a bimonthly newsletter and through policy briefings on drug-related issues. The agency also produces an APP version of EDR for iPad and Android and CD-ROMs. In recent years, in line with new technologies and clients’ needs, many EMCDDA publications have been made available both in print form and on the agency’s website. In the case of the latter, volumes may be presented as full online versions or provided as downloadable pdf files. This section describes the range of EMCDDA publications and how the volumes should be presented. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

2013

Introductory note | PUBLICATIONS 3.03

Publication literature guidelines The following publications have been designed to present information as coherently, clearly and simply as possible. The publications’ layouts have been constructed using an underlying grid structure which is visible in the relevant artwork documents. Adhering to this grid is essential to ensure structural consistency. To achieve typographical consistency, please ensure that the style sheets which have been set up for each document are used. Object and paragraph styles had also been set up in each layout document and should be used to avoid inconsistencies. The EMCDDA uses very little photography and imagery in its publications. This is because much of the imagery relating to drugs and drug addiction is generally perceived as negative. Instead, usage of EMCDDA graphic elements is preferred (see chapter 1). Please refer to the following layout options for publication covers and spreads. These provide a general overview of all publication lines and illustrate the presentation style we are aiming to achieve. For specific application of rules to the EMCDDA layouts, see also chapter 8 – technical annex.

3.04 PUBLICATIONS | Main layout types

General Report of Activities 2012

CHAPTER 2

Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem The EMCDDA’s core objective is to provide the European Union and its Member States with factual, objective, reliable and comparable information at European level on drugs and drug addiction and their consequences (1). Within this mandate, three transversal goals governed the work in 2011, as follows: 1. Producing a state-of-the-art annual review of developments in drug use and responses in Europe located within a broader explanatory conceptual framework (scientific, historical, demographical and socio-political). 2. Maintaining an up-to-date and high-quality online European reference point on drugs. 3. Providing ongoing support to EU institutions for implementing and monitoring the EU action plan.

Core business for the year was therefore organised into eight broad areas: Core monitoring activities; Key indicators and monitoring the epidemiology of the drug situation; Monitoring demand reduction responses, interventions and solutions applied to drug-related problems; Transversal analysis; Supply and supply reduction activities; Monitoring new trends and developments and assessing the risks of new substances; Improving Europe’s capacity to monitor and evaluate policies; and Good practice, guidelines and quality standards, and cooperation with the Scientific Committee. Specific objectives were developed for each area, to help plan tasks and enhance monitoring and reporting. This General report of activities follows the structure of the 2011 work programme, presented by specific objective. At the end of this section of the report, we have also provided a non-exhaustive overview of additional work (‘unplanned activities’) for 2011.

Core monitoring activities Objective 1.1 To produce a state-of-the-art annual review of developments in drug use and supporting statistics and methodological information Each year, the EMCDDA manages the annual cycle of data submission, analysis and reporting. The main outcome of this process is the Annual reporting package of the Annual

Printed publication layouts Printed publications are created as twopage spreads with different margins for right and left pages. They are to be printed by professional printer and bound. The printed publications have generally 1 or 2 column layout (with the exception of newsletters such as Drugnet and Year in Review) with alternating headers. The pdf versions of the printed publications can be posted on-line for viewing and shared on publishing servers such as Isuu. They are not designed for regular desk-top printing.

Chapter 2 I Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

INSIGHTS I Name of publication

report, Selected issues, Statistical bulletin and country overviews. These form the basic information set from which many of the agency’s other products are derived.

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The 2011 Annual report was published in print and online 22 languages and launched on 15 November in Lisbon. The report attracted great interest and registered 17 285 downloads by the end of 2011 (compared with 16 349 downloads over the same period in 2010) (2). As its name suggests, the Statistical bulletin is the backbone to the Annual report’s data. This key resource of over 400 tables and graphs published annually provides access to the most recent statistical data relating to the drug situation in Europe. In 2011, the Statistical bulletin went live on the agency’s website on 15 July (3).

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The country overviews present a summary of the national drug situation, key statistics at a glance and a barometer showing the drug use prevalence position for each country. These were published in English in November and then online in all national languages (4). It is important for the EMCDDA to ensure that the reporting system it implements is coherent, efficient and relevant to European needs. In 2011, a top-level analysis of the system was conducted, which led to the setting-up of a working group to simplify internal work practices. The result will be a streamlined, timely and integrated Annual report from 2012 onwards.

Objective 1.2 To ensure efficient and methodologically sound data input, management, processing and preparation of data sets for analysis The main tool for managing the EMCDDA’s data collections is the Fonte system. In 2011, automatic validations within the system were implemented, which generated automatic notifications when there were errors in data submitted. This helped save considerable time in the collection and verification process. (2) Available at: www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/annual-report/2011 (3) See: www.emcdda.europa.eu/stats11 (4) See: www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/country-overviews

Chapter 1 I Chapter name

TABLE 1 Mixmag Internet survey, 2010 Ever used (percentage) Cannabis (any) Ecstasy (any)

Used last year (percentage) 70

Used in last month 54.4

53.1

Cocaine (powder)

86.7

83.1

47.4

Mephedrone

41.7

37.3

33.6

30.1

14.7(1)

Amphetamine (speed/base )

Source: Winstock, A., 2010. (1) Em qui repudaerchil molupta dundae et eic te exeria

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0 2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Source: Assessing the health risks, harms and addiction liability among recreational cathinone (mephedrone) users study, Winstock, A. and Marsden, J., 2010. (5) Us prehendunt ent pore volore, arcillo rerescidunt autem.

Main layout types | PUBLICATIONS 3.05

part

I Foreword

I Abbreviations

I Council decision on specific drug

I I I I I

CHAPTER 1 Risk assessment report CHAPTER 2 EMCDDA – Europol Joint Report on the specific drug

I I I I I

II.2. Improving Europe’s capacity to monitor and evaluate policies

Overview

CHAPTER 3 Risk assessment report CHAPTER 4 Technical report CHAPTER 5 Last chapter

Monitoring of drug policies will be advanced through an analysis of the presence and role of drug policies at the local level. Work in this area will also focus on supply reduction policies, while the publication of a composite index of drug legislation will allow a first view towards objective taxonomies.

the members of the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA; the advisers to the Scientific Committee and the invited external experts who took part in the risk assessment meeting; the early warning system correspondents of the Reitox national focal points; the services within each Member State that collected the raw data for the risk assessment; Europol, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the European Commission; Dr Paul Dargan and Dr David Wood for preparing the technical report on mephedrone; Dr Adam Winstock and Dr John Marsden for conducting the study to assess the health risks and harms of mephedrone Dr Susannah Davies, Dr Malgorzata Puchnarewicz, Dr Matthew Smyllie and Dr John Ramsey (St George’s Toxicology Unit) for conducting the toxicological analyses of the study to assess the health risks and harms of mephedrone EMCDDA colleagues: Paul Griffiths, Jane Mounteney, Ulrik Solberg, Brendan Hughes, Anabela Almeida and Fiona Brown, who edited and managed the production of the publication..

Network building in this area will include the annual meeting of legal and policy correspondents and there will be continued improvement of the EMCDDA’s online presence in this area. We will continue to provide Member States with support to their evaluation of drug policies on request.

GOAL 2013–15 Improve the understanding of European and global policy developments by providing relevant and timely drug policy data, analysis and expertise

Priority interventions

Planned activities

Expected outputs/results

6.1.2 Increase awareness of national and EU level policy developments

6.1.2.1 Finalise study on drug trafficking penalties (L2)

– EMCDDA paper: Comparative analysis of trafficking penalties

6.1.2.2 Review cases studies of policy at the EU, national and local level (L2)

EMCDDA papers: – National policy profile – Supply and external security an EU overview – Drug policies of large cities – Evolution of drug strategy in the EU (draft paper)

6.1.4.1 Finalise analysis of developments in drugrelated public expenditure (L2)

– Literature review and case studies conducted

6.1.4.2 Scope options for economic analysis in the area of drug treatment (L3)

– Internal working document on options and utility of macro and micro level economic analysis and review in the area of drug treatment

6.1.5.1 Provide technical input to the EU in the follow-up and evaluation of its drug strategy and action plans (L2)

– Data and expertise provided for relevant areas of the action plans (within available resources) – Technical input to meetings (on request)

6.1.4 Monitor economic issues relevant to drug policy

6.1.5 Support the EU drug strategy and action plan(s)

Responding to the need for public policies to be more cost efficient, analysis will begin on the concept of value for money in the treatment area, while the effects of the economic recession will continue to be followed closely. There will also be historical reviews of national drug policies in Poland and Austria, furthering our understanding of the diversity of national approaches in Europe.

TABLE 12 Mixmag Internet survey, 2010

The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their contribution in producing this publication:

I I

Number Internet search only

Both Internet search and national focal points

218

100

Scope of operation

The majority of advocacy organisations (69%) operated on a national basis, less than one-fifth (17%) had a local or regional remit and over one-tenth (14%) had a European or international remit (Table 5).

Number of organisations based in each country 0 1–5 6–10 11–15

Examples of the types of advocacy organisations active at a local level included Rezidenti Na Skalce proti drogam (Na Skalce Street residents against drugs) in Prague, who campaigned against the operation of a low-threshold facility in the neighbourhood. In Ireland, the Ballymun Youth Action Project campaigned for a community response to the drug problems in their area.

>15

Spain (14%), France (11%) and Ireland (5%). Smaller clusters were located in Germany (6%), Sweden (6%) and Finland (5%), with the remainder dispersed thinly among the other EU Member States and Norway. No advocacy organisations were identified in six countries: Cyprus, Estonia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovakia and Turkey (see Figure 1). Three-quarters of the organisations’ websites (77%, 167) were found through the Internet searches; of these, more than two-thirds were identified through the English language search (71%), with 16% being identified through the French language search and 13% through the Spanish language search (Table 3).

The majority of regional level advocacy organisations were based in Spain, reflecting the country’s system of government and administration, which is organised into regional autonomous communities (comunidad autónoma). Among Spain’s regional advocacy organisations are the supply control oriented network Fundación Galega Contra O Narcotrafico in Galicia and the Federacíon Andaluza ENLACE (Andalusian Federation of Drug Addiction and AIDS), a social justice and harm reduction support network. In Scandinavia, advocacy organisations tended to organise themselves on a regional basis across countries, such as the prohibition movement Norden Mot Narkotik (Nordic Countries Against Drugs). These organisations were also classified as being local or regional.

Local knowledge of the advocacy arena played an important role in this study. This is evident from the Reitox national focal points’ identification of two-fifths (41%) of the advocacy organisations that were located (Table 4). The data provided by the focal points helped compensate for the search bias introduced by the choice of languages.

The category European or international was reserved for organisations specifically seeking to influence policy at these levels. Not included in this category are organisations that, although having a strong European presence, operate at a level best defined as national: an example is the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union, which focuses primarily on Hungary and Central and Eastern Europe.

TABLE 3 Advocacy organisations identified in the Internet search, by search language

TABLE 5 Scope of operation: number of advocacy organisations according to their primary level of operation

Number

English

119

Local or regional

French

National

Spanish

European or international

167

100

Total

2 / 25

129

National focal points only

Total

I Acknowledgements

TABLE 4 Source of information on advocacy organisations

Monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem in Europe

I Acknowledgements

FIGURE 1: Geographical distribution of advocacy organisations identified in the study

MAIN AREAS OF WORK IN 2014

I Contents 1

EMCDDA PAPERS I Drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe

Annual work programme 2014

Total

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% 17 69

218

100

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On-line publication layouts On-line publications are created as one page layouts with identical margins. They are designed to be viewed on-line and printed on desk-top printers. For this reason no important content may bleed off page. The on-line publications have a 2 column layout with special sections using also 1 column (e.g. acknowledgements). They are not designed for professional printing and binding.

3.06 PUBLICATIONS | PRODUCT LINES | EMCDDA publications at a glance GROUP

SERIES

TITLE

COLOUR

EDR package

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European Drug Report 2013: Trends and...

multi-colour

print, two columns

PODs

e.g. Hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug...

one colour on rotation basis

online, two columns

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General Report of Activities

multi-colour

print, one column

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A year in review

multi-colour

print, three columns

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Annual Work Programme

multi-colour

online, two columns

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Three-year Strategy and Work Programme

multi-colour

online, two columns, (print on demand)

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Annual Budget

multi-colour

cover design only

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Annual Accounts

multi-colour

cover design only

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National Reports

multi-colour

cover design only

Newsletter

DRUGNET EUROPE

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EMCDDA blue, intermittent use of other

print, newsletter style, three columns

EMCDDA series

MANUALS

e.g. Guidelines for the evaluation...

EMCDDA green

210×210

print, two columns

MONOGRAPHS

e.g. Harm reduction: evidence, impacts...

EMCDDA blue

160×240

print, one column

INSIGHTS

e.g. Drug use, impaired driving and traffic...

EMCDDA yellow

print, two columns

EMCDDA PAPERS

e.g. Drug policy advocacy organisations...

one colour on rotation basis

online, two columns

JOINT REPORTS

e.g. The 2012 ESPAD impact survey

EMCDDA red

online, two columns

RISK ASSESSMENTS

e.g. Mephedrone

EMCDDA red

online, two columns

IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS

e.g. EMCDDA–Europol 2013 Annual Report

EMCDDA red

online, one column

JOINT PUBLICATIONS

e.g. EU Drug Markets Report

one colour chosen ad-hoc

print, two columns

Outputs related to 2005 / 387 / JHA

Joint publications

Layout, production and colour specifications The table on this page shows all EMCDDA publication lines in categories. It presents an overview of colour use, formats and layout types for better understanding of the agency’s publication system.

FORMAT

LAYOUT

UPDATED 18. 5. 2013

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Trends and developments

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PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS

Hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users Hepatitis C is the most common infectious disease in injecting drug users, among whom it is usually transmitted through the sharing of injecting equipment such as needles and syringesIndividuals infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) often show no noticeable symptoms, and many are unaware that they are carrying the virus. Most of those who become infected go on to develop chronic HCV infection, which can lead to severe health problems in individuals and place a major burden on health care systems. Yet hepatitis C is both preventable and curable, and interventions in this field, particularly in the treatment of hepatitis C, are making rapid progress, largely in response to the development of improved medicines.

Trends and developments

2013

PODs ON-LINE VERSION AT

emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/ index48980EN.html

An epidemic of hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus infection is highly prevalent in injecting drug users across Europe, with national infection rates among injecting drug users ranging from 18 % to 80 %. The majority of drug injectors in Europe inject heroin or other opioids, and they constitute an ageing population that includes many older injectors who have been living with hepatitis C for 15 to 25 years. The natural history of chronic hepatitis C virus infection (cirrhosis risk escalates after 15 to 20 years) and the ageing cohort effect in this population mean that a large burden of advanced liver disease can be expected over the next decade. The sharing of needles and syringes is the key risk factor for acquiring HCV infection, although there is considerable evidence of the infection associated with non-needle/syringe equipment such as cookers, filters, swabs and water (Pouget, Hagan and Des Jarlais, 2011).

Reducing infections among injecting drug users

There is substantial evidence to show that retention in opioid substitution treatment reduces injection frequency (Gowing et al., 2008), and that it is most effective in reducing HCV transmission when used in combination with interventions that support safer injection practices (Hagan et al., 2011). Two studies that examined the independent and combined effects of needle and syringe programmes and opioid substitution treatment on HCV incidence concluded that the combined effect of these two interventions resulted in the greatest reductions in HCV transmission (Turner et al., 2011; Van Den Berg et al., 2007).

Annual reporting – EDR package This product line consists of the European Drug Report in printed version and as an APP for iOS and Android and the POD (Perspectives on Drugs)

Welcome to the second edition of A year in review. 2012 was a year of challenges: the agency needed to work harder with limited resources in order to meet increasing information needs, both in Europe and beyond. We took up the challenge and released a broad range of incisive outputs focusing on Europe’s constantly evolving drug situation. We also completed several projects which will help improve our analysis and the quality of the data we collect in the years to come. Wolfgang Götz, Director

I Monitoring the drugs situation

Key achievements and governance: a year in review

2013

One of the EMCDDA’s core tasks is to collect, manage and analyse data provided by our focal points in 30 countries (European Union (EU) Member States plus Croatia, Turkey and Norway). The findings gathered through this collective effort — along with expert meetings on epidemiological key indicators where national information is shared — form the basis for the agency’s main outputs each year. On 15 November, we were honoured to welcome Commissioner Malmström to our offices in Lisbon to mark the launch of our Annual report on the state of the drugs

The EMCDDA: 2012 figures 41 key publications in a range of languages Active involvement in 263 events, conferences and technical meetings 73 new psychoactive substances identified and 23 public health alerts issued through the EU early warning system network Budget: EUR 16.31 million. By 31 December: 99.74 % of the annual budget had been committed

problem in Europe (1) and associated products. Published in 22 languages, the report was complemented by an online Statistical bulletin of over 400 tables and graphs and in-depth reports (Selected issues) on drug-related concerns in relation to pregnancy, childcare and the family, and prisons. Commenting on the report, Commissioner Malmström said:

‘This new analysis from the EMCDDA is particularly welcome as it highlights the drug problems we share across the European Union and informs the work we are currently undertaking to strengthen Europe’s strategic and operational approach to drug trafficking and use.’

2012 I Introduction This leaflet provides an overview of the work of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), as presented in our General Report of Activities (1), with a spotlight on key topics and events. A decentralised European agency based in Lisbon, the EMCDDA is the hub of reliable, robust data on the European drugs situation and responses to it. Our annual progress report provides an overview of our achievements over a set period, for those interested in what we do and how we do it. For further information on the agency, please visit our website at: emcdda.europa.eu

Annual Work Programme

(1) Available at emcdda.europa.eu/publications/ general-report-of-activities/2012

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Three-year Strategy and Work Programme

Demand reduction was high on the agenda last year. We produced several thematic publications (e.g. on heroinassisted treatment and the social reintegration and employment of drug users) and launched new online tools (including harm reduction profiles covering 30 countries) on responses to drug use in Europe. Two monitoring instruments developed in 2012 will lead to better harmonised data on treatment and drug use in prison in the years to come.

2014

Continued on page 2 (1) Available at: emcdda.europa.eu/publications/ annual-report/2012

2016–18

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National Report

Annual Budget

Statutory / Institutional reports This product line consists of the following titles: – General report of activities – A year in review – Annual Work Programme – Three-year Strategy and Work Programme – National Reports – Annual Accounts – Annual Budgets

2014

Product lines overview | PRODUCT LINES | PUBLICATIONS 3.09

Europe

April–June 2014 In this issue: European Drug Report 2014 highlights | Largest multi-city study on drug wastewater analysis released | New criminal code increases penalties for drug offences in Hungary | European drugs summer school | New EMCDDA products and services | Scientific Committee elects new leaders

July–September 2014 In this issue: EMCDDA scientific paper award 2014 | New report examines residential treatment for drug use in Europe | Exploring therapeutic communities for treating addictions | First European conference on addictive behaviours and dependencies | Serbia launches first GPS survey with EMCDDA support

Europe’s drugs problem is becoming ‘increasingly complex’ with new challenges emerging that raise concerns for public health. This is according to the European Drug Report 2014: Trends and developments released by the EMCDDA on 27 May in Lisbon. This annual review of the drug phenomenon describes an overall stable situation, with some positive signs in relation to the more established drugs. But this is counterbalanced by new threats posed by synthetic drugs — including stimulants, new psychoactive substances and medicinal products — all of which are becoming more prominent in a changing European drug market.

Spreading information on the effects and risks of drug use is a major European challenge. This is according to the European Commission following its fifth opinion poll on ‘Young people and drugs’ released on 21 August (1). This ‘Flash Eurobarometer’ survey is based on telephone interviews conducted in June 2014 with a sample of over 13 000 young people (aged 15–24) in all 28 EU Member States.

The findings were presented at a press conference at the EMCDDA which opened with a video message from European Commissioner for Home Affairs, Cecilia Malmström. On the panel were Chairman of the EMCDDA Management Board João Goulão, EMCDDA Director Wolfgang Götz and Scientific Director Paul Griffiths.

Commenting on the report, Commissioner Malmström said: ‘I am deeply concerned that the drugs consumed in Europe today may be even more damaging to users’ health than in the past. There are signs that the ecstasy and cannabis sold on the street are getting stronger. I also note that the EU Early Warning System, our first line of defence against emerging drugs, is coming under growing pressure as the number and diversity of substances continue to rise sharply’. The Commissioner added: ‘This annual analysis from the EMCDDA provides us with a critically important window on Europe’s evolving drugs problem… It is essential that we use these data to ensure that the response by European authorities keeps pace with the evolving challenges we face’. EMCDDA Director Wolfgang Götz explained: ‘Looking at the big picture, we see that progress has been made in Europe on some of the major health

Cecilia Malmström: ‘I am deeply concerned that the drugs consumed in Europe today may be even more damaging to users’ health than in the past’.

policy objectives of the past. But the European perspective can obscure some important national differences. Our latest data show how encouraging overall EU trends on overdose deaths and drugrelated HIV infections, for example, sit in sharp contrast to worrying developments in a few Member States’. For more highlights, see pages 2 and 3.

European Drug Report package 2014 How many new drugs were detected in Europe over the last year? Is cannabis getting stronger? How many Europeans have ever used an illicit drug? What are the latest drug policy developments in the region? These are just some of the questions explored in the EMCDDA’s latest European Drug Report (EDR) information package.

Rooted in a comprehensive review of European and national data, the multimedia EDR package offers an interlinked range of products, with the European Drug Report: Trends and developments at its centre (23 languages). Presented alongside the report are the innovative Perspectives on drugs, online

interactive windows on key aspects of the European drug situation (see pp. 4 and 7). The European Drug Report: Data and statistics and 30 Country overviews complete the picture, presenting explanatory graphics and national-level data. For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/edr2014

The survey builds on Eurobarometer polls carried out in 2002, 2004, 2008 and 2011 (2). Among the issues explored are: perceptions about the health risks of drug use; views on the availability of drugs; attitudes to banning or regulating substances; and opinions on the effectiveness of drug policies. As in the 2011 survey, additional focus was placed on new psychoactive substances (‘new drugs’ and ‘legal highs’). Over a quarter of respondents (29 %) in the new survey stated that they had not been informed about the effects and risks of ‘legal highs’ over the past year. This comes at a time when more young people claim to be using these substances — the average EU figure for reported lifetime use of ‘legal highs’ was up from 5 % in 2011 to 8 % in 2014. The largest increases were observed in Spain (5 % to 13 %), Ireland (16 % to 22 %) and the UK (8 % to 10 %) (3). More young people stated that they obtain new drugs from friends (68 % compared to 54 % in 2011), while fewer purchase them from specialised shops

Eurobarometer survey results: young people and drugs

Europe’s drugs problem ‘increasingly complex’

Young people’s attitudes to drugs remain substance-specific.

(10 % compared to 33 %) and via the Internet (3 % down from 7%). Over half of the young people questioned (59 %) said that they would use the Internet as a source of information on drugs (64 % in 2011), while 36 % would talk to friends (37 % in 2011) and 25 % to family (28 % in 2011). Young people in 2014 report receiving less information than in 2011 from the seven sources specified in the survey. In particular, information received from media campaigns (- 12 percentage points) and school prevention programmes (- 9 percentage points) on the effects and risks of illicit drug use was seen to have decreased substantially since the last survey. Regarding the perceived health risks of drug use, almost all respondents considered that regular use of cocaine

(96 %) or ecstasy (93 %) may pose a ‘high risk’ to a person’s health (96 % and 92 % in 2011). A large majority (87 %) considered that regular use of new psychoactive substances may carry a high health risk, while over half of the respondents (57 %) considered that using these ‘once or twice’ may pose a ‘high risk’ to a person’s health (no figures for 2011). Close to two-thirds of those surveyed (63 %) felt that using cannabis regularly may pose a ‘high risk’ (67 % in 2011), while around one-fifth (21 %) felt that using it ‘once or twice’ would do so (23 % in 2011). Concerning the ease with which young people can obtain drugs within 24 hours, the figures remain largely unchanged since the last survey. Over a quarter (29 %) of respondents thought it would be ‘very easy’ to obtain cannabis; against Continued on page 8 (1) Flash Eurobarometer 401. Respondents were called on fixed and mobile phones using a multistage, random digital dialling sample technique, developed by the TNS Political & Social consortium. Around 500 interviews were carried out in all Member States (200 for Cyprus and Malta). http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/ fl_401_en.pdf (2) See Drugnet Europe 75. (3) Caution is required interpreting this increase as the wording of the question about use of ‘new substances’ could be interpreted in a different ways, depending on what each respondent considers a ‘new substance’ to be. This interpretation may also change from country to country and over time.

April–June 2013

In this issue...

In this issue: European Drug Report 2013 highlights | latest EMCDDA–Europol report on new drugs entering the market | Greece and Croatia modify penalties for drug offences | International day against drug abuse and illicit trafficking | EMCDDA hosts second Reitox week in Lisbon | Scientific Committee assesses

EU drug markets: a strategic analysis Europe is entering an important new era in the supply and demand for illicit drugs — a development which is challenging current policies and responses. This is according to the first joint EMCDDA– Europol EU drug markets report launched in Brussels on 31 January by EU Commissioner for Home Affairs CeciliaEurope is entering an important new era in the supply and demand for illicit drugs — a development

Following a request from the Commissioner in 2011, the two agencies joined forces to provide the first strategic analysis of the European illicit drug market in its entirety. In the report, they describe a market which is increasingly dynamic, innovative and quick to react to challenges and one which requires an equally dynamic, innovative and agile response across Europe. Among others, the report unveils the ‘changing face of organised crime in Europe’. While, historically, the EU drug market focused on specific drugs trafficked by specialised operators along well-defined routes, the contemporary market is more ‘fluid’, with new routes and multi-substance consignments becoming more common. ‘This timely report shows the increasingly

ISSN 0873–5379

Drugnet Newsletter of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

103 joined-up nature of the modern European drug market, one of the most complex and invasive criminal phenomena of our times’, said Commissioner Malmström, presenting the findings. ‘Organised crime groups are now more likely to deal in many substances at once and are more likely to join forces. Drug trafficking is also diversifying, both in terms of the complexity of the routes chosen and the drug types moved along them. This all calls for increased cooperation at EU level. National measures are simply insufficient, no matter how robust they are. By combining insights from the EMCDDA’s at once and are more likely to join forces. Drug trafficking is also diversifying, both in terms of the complexity of the routes chosen and the drug types moved along them. This all calls for increased cooperation at EU level. National measures are simply insufficient, no matter how robust they are. By combining insights from the EMCDDA’s Continued on page 8

Call for EU-wide ban on 4-MA The European Commission proposed on 31 January an EU-wide ban on the stimulant drug 4-methylamphetamine (4-MA), a synthetic phenethylamine closely related to amphetamine (1). The call from the Commission to the Council of the EU comes in the wake of a formal risk assessment on 4-MA carried out by an extended EMCDDA Scientific Committee on 16 November 2012 (2). The risk assessment report detailed 21 fatalities in four EU Member States (Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and the UK), where 4-MA was detected in post-mortem samples, either alone or in combination with other substances, in

hypertension, anorexia, nausea, headache, insomnia, paranoia and anxiety. Fourteen European countries provided data on seizures of the drug where it had been sold as amphetamine and frequently mixed with it. 4-MA has no established medical value or other known legitimate purpose.

Malmström: ‘EU drug markets report offers unique analysis’.

particular amphetamine. The report also describes how 4-MA can have serious adverse effects, such as hyperthermia,

The report was submitted to the Commission and Council in November 2012. In line with the three-step legal procedure through which Europe monitors and acts on new drugs, the Commission must recommend to and Council in November 2012. In line with the three-step legal procedure through which Continued on page 8

Newsletter The EMCDDA’s newsletter is the Drugnet.

3.10 PUBLICATIONS | PRODUCT LINES | Product lines overview

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Evidence, impact and challenges

A manual for programme planners and evaluators (second edition)

Series This product line consists of the following titles: – Manuals – Monographs – Insights – Papers

INSIGHTS

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Drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe Content: Executive summary (p. 2) I Introduction (p. 3) I Advocacy (p. 4) I Identifying and categorising advocacy organisations (p. 5) I Overview of advocacy organisations in Europe (p. 7) I Exploring the forms of advocacy organisations in Europe (p. 11) I Advocacy organisations operating at the European or international level (p. 13) I Conclusions (p. 15) I Annex (p. 17) I References (p. 23)

Abstract: This paper sets out to explore the civil society organisations that engage in drug policy advocacy in Europe. Information was gathered through an Internet search carried out in English, French and Spanish, supplemented by data provided by national agencies in the 28 EU Member States, Norway and Turkey. Only organisations that had an Internet presence were included in the analysis. Of the 218 drug policy advocacy organisations identified, 71% were found by the English language internet search, and 48% were located in countries where the search languages were the main language spoken. About 70% of the organisations were active at national level, with the rest split almost equally between local or regional level and European or international level. The primary objectives of the organisations were predominantly in the area of practice development, with 26% advocating use reduction and 39% harm reduction

approaches. Primary objectives in the field of legislative changes were pursued by the remainder, with 23% in favour of control reduction and 12% calling for control reinforcement.

Keywords public policy advocacy drug policy legislative change practice development drug control policy

Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2013), Drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe, EMCDDA Papers, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

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EU drug markets report: a strategic analysis

EMCDDA and Europol joint publication

About this publication

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Outputs related to 2005 / 387 / JHA This product line consists of the following titles: Joint publications – Joint Reports – Risk Assessments

This product line consists of publications

– Implementation Reports

realized with one or more partner agencies.

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The Centre’s publications are a prime source of information for a wide range of audiences including policymakers and their advisors; professionals and researchers working in the drugs field; and, more broadly, the media and general public. The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA’s activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre’s achievements in each area of its annual Work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.

20% Turquoise Trends and developments

Multi-coloured line The European Drug Report and General Report of Activities are the agency’s key products. These annual publications use the full EMCDDA colour palette. Lighter shades of the secondary colours are used as backgrounds for infographics. For greater flexibility tables use more different values of the secondary colours – please refer to the artwork data on the accompanying flash disc.

2013

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The EMCDDA collects, analyses and disseminates factual, objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. In doing so, it provides its audiences with an evidence-based picture of the drug phenomenon at European level.

Key achievements and governance: a year in review

Trends and developments

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EN GENErAL rEPorT of ACTIvITIES 2013

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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

Key achievements and governance: a year in review

2013

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October–December 2013 In this issue: New-style EMCDDA expert meetings promote integrated approach to monitoring | Harm reduction in Europe 2003–13 | European Commission calls for stronger EU action on new drugs | EMCDDA: 20 years | Slovakia introduces control system on new drugs

The four winners of the 2013 EMCDDA scientific paper award were honoured in Lisbon on 7 November at the third annual ceremony of this kind hosted by the agency (1). The winners — based in Germany, Austria, Norway and at the EMCDDA — received a non-monetary prize for their articles at an event held in the margins of the latest EMCDDA Scientific Committee meeting (see p. 8). The prize, inaugurated in 2011 by the EMCDDA and its Scientific Committee, celebrates scientific writing and distinguishes high-quality research in the field of illicit drugs. Following the same

procedure as last year, four groups were invited to nominate papers: European research societies; EMCDDA Scientific Committee members; the Reitox national focal points; and European drug research peer-reviewed journals. The 2013 winners (primary authors) are: Sophia Schneider (Germany); Rudolf Rosenauer (Austria); Knut Boe Kielland (Norway) and Dagmar Hedrich (EMCDDA). Abstracts of the winning papers are available on the agency’s website in English, along with full details of the shortlisted papers (see also p. 4).

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This year, 37 eligible entries were received and judged on the criteria of: scientific originality; scientific quality; clarity and quality of writing; and EU relevance. (1) For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/ news/2013/12

Europe takes decisive step forward in monitoring drug supply A set of Council conclusions on improving the monitoring of drug supply in the European Union was adopted by the Economic and Financial Affairs Council meeting in Brussels on 15 November (1). While much progress has been made in the EU in recent years to improve the monitoring of drug demand, drug supply remains an area requiring further analysis. Recalling the conclusions of two European conferences on drug supply indicators in 2010 and 2012 (2), the Council states in this document that accurate, reliable, comparable and high-quality data on drug supply would help ‘assess the drug situation, the

dynamics of the illicit drug market, the burden of drug-related crime and the effectiveness of supply-oriented policies’. In order to obtain sound data in this area, the Council acknowledges the need for key indicators at EU level, developed around a set of sub-indicators (seizures; purity and content; drug prices; drug production facilities dismantled; drug law offences; drug availability in population surveys; and market estimates). The paper recommends an approach which builds on existing data-collection and reporting structures and ensures that activities are cost-effective, realistic, feasible and deliver clear value at EU level.

The EMCDDA is called upon to work with Europol, the Reitox network and other relevant EU networks on improving data collection in this area, supported by its reference group on drug supply indicators (set up in 2013). Member States are invited to collaborate with the European Commission, the EMCDDA and Europol with a view to improving the comparability and quality of data collected in the area of drug supply, as well as submitting available datasets to the agencies in a timely way, using existing reporting tools and channels. Continued on page 8

Blue line with intermittent use of other colours This monthly issued product uses the EMCDDA Blue as its main accent colour in addition to the primary palette. Other colours from the secondary palette may be used in addition depending on content. For greater flexibility tables use more different values of the secondary colours – please refer to the artwork data on the accompanying flash disc.

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40% Red EMCDDA and Europol joint publication

EMCDDA Red is used for the product line Outputs related to 2005 / 387 / JHA as its main accent colour in addition to the primary palette. Lighter shades of the secondary colours are used as backgrounds for infographics. For greater flexibility tables use more different values of the secondary colours – please refer to the artwork data on the accompanying flash disc.

IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS 339

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Mephedrone Report on the risk assessment of 4-methylamphetamine in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances

About this publication

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MANUALS EN

Guidelines for the evaluation of drug prevention

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A manual for programme planners and evaluators (second edition)

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ANNUAL REPORTING

3.20 PUBLICATIONS | ANNUAL REPORTING | European Drug Report

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About the EMCDDA

Every autumn, the EMCDDA publishes

Trends and developments

The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug

a comprehensive overview of the drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the hub of drug-related

information in Europe. Its mission is to provide the EU phenomenon in the EU Member States and its Member States with ‘factual, objective, reliable

and Norway.

ISSN 1977-9860

EUROPEAN DRUG REPORT 2013

About this report

and comparable information’ on drugs, drug addiction and their consequences. Established in 1993, it opened its doors in Lisbon in 1995 and is one of the EU’s decentralised agencies. With a strong multidisciplinary team, the agency offers policymakers the evidence base they need for drawing up drug laws and strategies. It also helps professionals and researchers pinpoint best practice and new areas for analysis.

Since 2002, it has also published an

annual report on the drug situation in

the central and east European candidate

countries to the EU. These annual reports are essential reference books for policymakers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field,or anyone seeking the latest

Trends and developments

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European Drug Report | ANNUAL REPORTING | PUBLICATIONS 3.21

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the european Union, 2013

ISBn: 978-92-9168-633-9 doi:10.2810/94169

65 © european Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2013 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

ChAPTeR 3

Europe is a major destination for controlled substances and also plays a limited role as a transit point for drugs en route to other regions. Latin America, West Asia and North Africa are important source areas for drugs entering Europe; however, the dynamics of the modern drug market mean that other regions of the world are now of growing importance. Europe is also a producing region for cannabis and synthetic drugs. While virtually all cannabis produced is intended for local consumption, some synthetic drugs are also manufactured for export to other regions.

Responding to drugs ChAPTeR 4 Drug policies Annex national data tables

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Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211210200 info@emcdda.europa.eu I www.emcdda.europa.eu

2007

Analysis in this section is based on a range of data sources: drug seizures; dismantled drug production facilities; seizures of precursor chemicals; drug supply offences; retail drug prices, as well as forensic analyses of drug seizures. Full data sets and extensive methodological notes can be found in the Statistical bulletin. It should be noted that trends can be influenced by a range of factors which include law enforcement activity levels and the effectiveness of interdiction measures. Data on new psychoactive substances are based on notifications to the EU Early warning system, which relies on data provided by the EMCDDA’s and Europol’s national networks. A full description of this mechanism can be found on the EMCDDA website under Action on new drugs.

An estimated 15.4 million young Europeans (15–34) (11.7% of this age group) used cannabis in the last year, with 9.2 million of these aged 15–24 (14.9%). Cannabis use is generally higher among males. Longer-term trends among young adults are broadly in line with those for students, with gradual increases in use among some lower-prevalence countries, alongside decreases among higher-prevalence countries. With the exception of Poland and Finland, countries with recent surveys (2010 or later) report stable or decreasing trends among young adults (Figure 2.2). Few national surveys currently report on use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists; for those that do, prevalence levels are generally low. Figure 2.2:

2003

The growing availability of ‘new psychoactive substances’ that are not controlled under international drug control treaties represents a relatively new development on European drug markets. Commonly produced outside of Europe, these substances can be obtained through online retailers, specialised shops, and are also sometimes being sold along with controlled substances on the illicit drug market.

Reflecting its high prevalence of use, cannabis is by far the most seized drug in Europe

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

Monitoring drug supply

One million seizures of illicit drugs in Europe

Quantity of cannabis resin (left) and herbal cannabis (right) seized, 2011

Resin

500 000

Herb

Resin 250 000

Herb 0

0 2004

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

Estonia

Denmark

UK (England and Wales)

Finland

Germany

Netherlands

NB: Trends for ten countries with the highest prevalence and three or more surveys.

Percent

Over 3 million daily cannabis users and rising treatment demand

0–4

4.1–8

8.1–12

>12

preceding survey. Data from 22 countries, suggest that around 1% of adults, at least three million, report using the drug in this way. Over two-thirds of these are aged between 15 and 34 years, and in this age group, over three-quarters are male. inFograFika

A significant minority of cannabis users consume the substance intensively. Daily or almost daily cannabis use is defined as use on 20 or more days in the month

CANNABIS USERS IN TREATMENT Characteristics

Trends in first-time entrants Mean age at first use

16%

84%

14%

16%

60 000

16 25

50 000

Mean age at treatment entry

40 000 30 000

Frequency of use 20 000

Daily Two to six times a week

10 000

Once a week or less

23%

47%

Not used in the last month/ occasional

0 2006

2007

2008

United Kingdom Spain France

Germany Italy

2009

2010

2005

2006

2007

Resin (tonnes)

2008

2009

2010

2011

Herb (tonnes) 2

1 200

160

5 5

2011

Other countries Netherlands

No data

NB: ESPAD data and national surveys for Spain and the United Kingdom.

Chapter 3

Number of seizures 500 000

250 000

2003

Czech Republic

Chapter 1 I Drug supply in Europe

FIGURE 1.4

Number of cannabis seizures, and quantity seized in tonnes: resin and herb, 2001–11

2002

Spain

NB: Characteristics are for all treatment entrants with cannabis as primary drug. Trends are for first-time treatment entrants with cannabis as primary drug. Countries covered vary by indicator. I

FIGURE 1.3

2001

Poland

Smoking

European Drug Report 2013: Trends and developments

Old and new drug problems — the European landscape in 2013

France

as main route of administration

2% 10 20 30 40 45%

Summary

The majority of seizures in 2011 were reported by just two countries, Spain and the United Kingdom, however, Belgium and four Nordic countries also reported relatively high numbers. Another important country in respect to drug seizures is Turkey, with some of the drugs intercepted

Summary

2004

Drug use and drug-related problems

2003

Cannabis is the illicit drug most likely to be tried by European students. In the 2011 ESPAD surveys, lifetime cannabis use among 15- to 16-year-olds ranged from 5% in Norway to 42% in the Czech Republic (Figure 2.1). Gender ratios also varied, from unity to about 2.5 boys to each girl. In terms of the overall European trend, school students’ cannabis use increased between 1995 and 2003, dropped slightly in 2007 and since then has remained stable. During this period, a noticeable trend has been a reduction in cannabis use in many of the countries that reported high levels of prevalence in early surveys. Over the same period, levels of cannabis use among school students increased in many of the countries in central and eastern Europe, showing a degree of convergence across Europe as a whole. In the six countries that have reported national school surveys undertaken after the ESPAD study (2011/12), prevalence of cannabis use among students remains stable or is slightly decreasing. Figure 2.1:

ChAPTeR 2

2002

Drug supply in Europe

2001

ChAPTeR 1

2000

29 This report is available in Bulgarian, Spanish, Czech, Danish, German, estonian, Greek, english, French, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, hungarian, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Finnish, Swedish and norwegian. All translations were made by the Translation Centre for the Bodies of the european Union.

Old and new drug problems — the European landscape in 2013

1999

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Cannabis products are generally smoked and commonly mixed with tobacco. Patterns of cannabis use range from the occasional or experimental to the regular and dependent, with cannabis-related problems strongly associated with frequent use and higher amounts used. Health effects may include respiratory problems, mental health problems and dependence. Some of the new synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists can be extremely potent, and acute adverse consequences are increasingly reported.

Drug supply in Europe

Last year prevalence of cannabis use among young adults: selected trends (left) and most recent data (right) Percent

1998

Cannabis: stable or decreasing trends in higher-prevalence countries

1997

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I I I I I I

SUMMARY

1996

Preface Introductory note and acknowledgements

2011

1995

5 9 11

FIGURE 2.2

Lifetime prevalence of cannabis use among 15- to 16-year-old school students

1994

A great deal of additional information on the european Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the europa server (http://europa.eu).

FIGURE 2.1

1993

This publication of the european Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (eMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The eMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the eMCDDA’s partners, any eU Member State or any agency or institution of the european Union.

Chapter 2 I Drug use and drug-related problems

European Drug Report 2013: Trends and developments

1992

I Contents

1991

I Legal notice

1990

Chapter 1

Responding to drugs

140

1 000

120 800

100

600

80 60

400

356

40 200

2001

2002

Spain Italy

Today’s drug market appears to be more fluid and dynamic, and less structured around plant-based substances shipped over long distances to consumer markets in Europe

The major features of the european drug landscape have remained relatively stable in recent years. Drug use remains high by historical standards, but positive changes can be seen, with record levels of treatment provision accompanied by some signs of erosion in injecting, new heroin use, cocaine consumption and cannabis smoking. Any optimism, however, must be tempered by concerns that youth unemployment and service cuts could lead to the re-emergence of ‘old’ problems. Moreover, a closer examination suggests that the drug situation may now be in a state of flux, with ‘new’ problems emerging that challenge current policy and practice models: new synthetic drugs and patterns of use are appearing, both on the illicit drug market and in the context of non-controlled substances.

Today’s drug market appears to be more fluid and dynamic, and less structured around plant-based substances shipped over long distances to consumer markets in europe. Globalisation and developments in information technology are important drivers here. Patterns of drug use in low and middle income countries are changing, and this may also have implications for europe’s drug problems in the future. The Internet presents growing challenges, both as a mechanism for rapid diffusion of new trends and as a burgeoning anonymous marketplace with global reach. It creates a new interconnectedness in drug use and drug supply. It also, however, offers opportunities for finding innovative ways to deliver treatment, prevention and harm reduction interventions.

The implications of these changes for public health are not yet fully understood. Signs that current policies have found traction in some important areas must be viewed in the light of an evolving drug situation, which will require adjustments to be made to current practices if they are to remain on target and fit for purpose.

Cannabis

Any positive changes in indicators of overall use of cannabis in europe need to be understood in the context of a fairly heterogeneous situation at national level; for example, some countries consistently report low and stable prevalence levels, whereas the use of cannabis in many central and eastern european countries increased considerably during the 2000s. Trends also need to be viewed alongside different use patterns, with regular and long-term use being most associated with harm. Cannabis problems are now better recognised and understood in europe; the drug represents the second most commonly reported substance for clients entering specialised drug treatment. While most cannabis treatment entrants tend to be male and relatively young, problems among older chronic users are becoming more recognised. Cannabis is also the drug that divides public attitudes, with some countries making an explicit distinction between cannabis and other substances in their drug control policies.

Heroin and other opioids

Against the background of an overall increase in treatment availability for heroin users, indicators now suggest a downward trend in both use and availability of this drug. The long-term trend in the amount of heroin seized is downwards and, more recently, the number of seizures has also begun to fall. Some countries report that, over the last decade, heroin has been displaced from the market by other opioid drugs. Other countries have experienced more recent market shocks or shortages, generally followed by a partial recovery.

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2001

Turkey

2002

Turkey Spain

2003

2004

2005

2006

Other countries Greece Italy

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

United Kingdom Netherlands

Heroin: signs of a decline

Two forms of imported heroin have historically been available in Europe: the more common of these is brown heroin (its chemical base form), originating mainly from Afghanistan. Far less common is white heroin (a salt form), which historically came from South-East Asia, but now may be produced elsewhere. Some limited production of opioid drugs also still takes place in Europe, principally homemade poppy products reported in parts of eastern Europe.

Tonnes <1 1–10 11–100 >100 NB: Amounts seized (in tonnes) for the ten countries with highest values.

Afghanistan remains the world’s largest illicit producer of opium, and most heroin found in Europe is thought to be manufactured there or, to a lesser extent, in neighbouring Iran or Pakistan. Two loosely defined trafficking routes exist for transporting the drug to Europe: historically, the more important of these has been the ‘Balkan route’, running west through Turkey, into Balkan countries (Bulgaria, Romania or Albania) and on to central, southern and

western Europe. A more recent trafficking route is the ‘Northern’ or ‘Silk route’, which heads north to Russia, via the former Soviet republics of Central Asia. Generally, however, the situation now appears to have become more fluid, with heroin shipments from Iran and Pakistan entering Europe by air or sea, either directly or transiting through west and east African countries. inFograFika

The number of heroin users entering treatment for the first time also continues to fall, and overall those in heroin treatment are an ageing population. Opioid-related deaths have also decreased in recent years. historically, heroin use has been characterised by injecting, but a long-term decline has been seen in this behaviour. This, together with the impact of interventions, is likely to have contributed to the decline seen in the number of new hIV infections attributed to drug use. A worrying observation here, however, is that recent hIV outbreaks related to drug injection in Greece and Romania have interrupted this positive trend. This emphasises the continued need to consolidate responses, especially with respect to harm reduction and effective drug treatment, if europe is to continue to see a decrease in problems in this area. Regardless of any new trends in heroin use, the intractable nature of this problem means it will remain a key issue for drug services for many years to come. Faced with a large number of drug users now in contact with services, there is a growing need to focus on continuity of care, social reintegration services and building a consensus on what constitutes realistic long-term outcomes for recovery.

Cocaine

Only a few countries report problems with crack cocaine use, and where this is found it often overlaps with the problematic use of other substances, including heroin. The use of powder cocaine is far more common but tends to be concentrated in a relatively small number of western european countries. Overall, both cocaine use and supply indicators have been trending downwards in recent years, and the dramatic decrease in the amount seized is probably influenced, in part, by organised crime groups diversifying trafficking routes and techniques. The Iberian Peninsula remains important for seizures, but proportionally less so than in the past, while reports of cocaine seizures in eastern europe are worrying and raise questions about the potential for further diffusion of use.

Against the background of an overall increase in treatment availability for heroin users, indicators now suggest a downward trend in both use and availability of this drug

In the higher-prevalence countries, both survey and treatment entry data suggest a recent decline in cocaine use, although levels still remain high by historical standards. The number of deaths associated with cocaine use has fallen slightly, although caution is required when interpreting the data in this area. Acute problems related to the use of cocaine have resulted in presentations at hospital emergency departments in parts of europe, but our capacity to monitor problems in this area is limited. In terms of treatment, specialist services are now available to problem cocaine users in many countries, with the current evidence base in this area supporting the use of psychosocial interventions.

The quantity of heroin seized in 2011 was the lowest reported in the last decade, and equivalent to only about half of the quantity seized in 2001

6.1

tonnes seized

tonnes seized 13.4 including Turkey

40 500

seizures

23 300

143 €

43 800 seizures including Turkey

reported supply-related offences

Synthetic stimulants

Understanding overall trends in the use of synthetic stimulant drugs is complicated by the fact that they are often substituted for each other, as consumers make choices influenced by availability, price and perceived ‘quality’. Amphetamine and ecstasy remain the most commonly used synthetic stimulants in europe and compete to some extent with cocaine. Amphetamine remains an important component of the drug consumption picture in many countries, and injecting amphetamine use has historically been a significant part of the chronic drug problem found in many northern countries. Over the longer term, most amphetamines indicators have remained stable; however, recent data suggest increasing methamphetamine availability, and in some markets this substance is now displacing amphetamine. Some evidence exists to suggest a decline over the last few years in the popularity of ecstasy, probably reflecting the fact that many pills sold as ecstasy did not contain MDMA or were of low purity. Recently, ecstasy producers appear to have become more efficient at sourcing MDMA and the content of tablets has correspondingly changed. It remains to be seen whether this will result in renewed interest in this drug, but there is some initial evidence that points in this direction. Stimulants, especially at high doses, can have adverse health consequences, and some deaths are reported annually. For stimulant users experiencing problems, their first point of contact with services will often be with hospital emergency departments. european projects are currently under way to improve monitoring of this area and provide guidelines on effective responses to drug emergencies in nightlife settings. Although stimulantrelated deaths are relatively uncommon, they do generate considerable concern, especially when they occur among young, otherwise healthy, adults. The emergence of new psychoactive substances with unknown toxicity adds

New psychoactive substances

An increasing number of new psychoactive substances, often intended to mimic the effects of controlled drugs, can be found in europe. Some substances are sold directly on the illicit market, while others, the so-called ‘legal highs’ are sold more openly. Developments move rapidly in this area, with substances appearing at a fast rate. Occasionally a substance appears which makes the crossover to become a drug of choice on the illicit marketplace, the most recent example being mephedrone. The eU early warning system continues to receive reports of around one new substance a week in 2013. Recent years have been dominated by the appearance of new synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (CRAs), phenethylamines and cathinones, mirroring to a large extent the most popular illicit drugs. A recent development, however, is an increasing proportion of substances reported that are from less known and more obscure chemical groups. Many of the products on sale contain mixtures of substances, and the lack of pharmacological and toxicological data means it is hard to speculate on long term health implications of use, but increasingly data shows that some of these substances cause problems requiring clinical interventions, and fatalities have been recorded.

Drug-related responses may be broadly categorised as either drug demand reduction or drug supply reduction activities. The former includes health and social interventions, such as prevention, harm reduction, treatment and social reintegration. The latter includes the enforcement of drug-related legislation, mainly by police, customs and the judiciary, with a primary aim of reducing the availability of drugs.

of trafficking offences 12% for the six main drugs

IQR

44%

8% 15%

Purity (%)

Price and purity of ′brown heroin′: national mean values, minimum, maximum and interquartile range (IQR).

Progress towards evidence-based prevention in schools

A number of prevention strategies are used to tackle drug use and drug-related problems. Environmental and universal approaches target entire populations, selective prevention targets vulnerable groups and indicated prevention focuses on at-risk individuals. In Europe, most prevention activity tends to take place in schools (Figure 3.1), although it is also implemented in other settings.

30 € 24 €

Price (EUR/g) Countries covered vary by indicator.

Chapter 2

Annex: national data tables

Annex

Drug use and drug-related problems

TABLE 1

OpIOIDs Treatment demand indicator, primary drug problem opioid use estimate

Country

cases per 1 000

Belgium

–

Czech Republic

At least 85 million adult Europeans have used an illicit drug at some point in their lives, representing around a quarter of Europe’s adult population

Responses to drugs are currently monitored using a combination of routine data sources and national assessments and expert ratings. Health and social responses data include estimates on the provision of opioid substitution treatment and needle and syringe provision. In addition, reviews of scientific evidence, such as those provided by the Cochrane Collaboration, provide information on the effectiveness of public health interventions. Further information on the data presented here and on the evidence base for responses can be found on the EMCDDA website in the Statistical bulletin and the Best practice portal.

57 €

Bulgaria

The european Commission is preparing a new proposal for strengthening the eU response to new psychoactive substances. Although use of new psychoactive substances is seen mainly among young recreational users, there has been some diffusion into problem drug user populations. Some replacement of opioids by synthetic stimulants, especially cathinones, was noted in countries reporting heroin shortages. The motive for the transition from injecting heroin to cathinones is unclear, but may be linked to easy availability and perceived high quality of the new drugs. Public health concerns exist regarding increased levels of injection, mental health problems and physical damage. To date, countries have experimented with a range of control measures to respond to the new-drug problem. Less well developed, but equally important, is the need to identify and introduce appropriate demand reduction responses.

Monitoring drug-related responses

IQR

further complications. A recent example is the emergence of the non-controlled stimulant substance 4-MA, which was first notified 2009, on the illicit drug market, either sold as or mixed with amphetamine. Clusters of deaths associated with this substance triggered a risk assessment exercise and subsequent recommendation for control at european level.

Drug-related responses may be broadly categorised as either drug demand reduction or drug supply reduction activities

HEROIN A new dimension: synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists

The recent availability of products containing synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (CRAs), which mimic the effects of the naturally occurring psychoactive compounds found in cannabis, adds a new dimension to the cannabis market. These products, which can be extremely potent, have now been reported in virtually all European countries. Multi-kilogram quantities in powder form are usually imported from Asia, with processing and packaging then occurring in Europe. Some evidence also exists of source chemicals being transited through Europe, such as a recent seizure of almost 15 kilograms of a pure CRA powder originating from China, but en route to Russia.

Summary I Old and new drug problems — the European landscape in 2013

European Drug Report 2013: Trends and developments

Despite some evidence of decreasing trends, especially in countries with a long and established history of high prevalence, cannabis use in europe remains high by historical standards, with a large and relatively robust market existing for this substance. There is also increasing diversity in the types of cannabis products available. herbal cannabis, sometimes of high potency, now plays a more important role, accompanied by the recent emergence of synthetic ‘cannabis-like’ products. Both are developments that are potentially worrying from a public health perspective. Given its status as the most commonly used drug, cannabis is an important issue for prevention work with young people, and in this area there is growing interest in the use of environmental prevention strategies. This reflects the evidence that suggests that environmental approaches have proved useful for reducing problems associated with the use of licit substances such as tobacco and alcohol.

2004

France Other countries United Kingdom Portugal

Seizures of cannabis plants can be regarded as an indicator of domestic production, although the quality of data available in this area poses problems for purposes of comparison. In 2011, 31 000 seizures of cannabis plants were reported in Europe. This includes reports of numbers of plants seized (4.4 million in total) as well as quantities (33 tonnes). The highest numbers of plants seized were reported by the Netherlands (2 million), Italy (1 million) and the United Kingdom (627 000), while Spain (26 tonnes) and Bulgaria (5 tonnes) reported the largest seizures by weight.

2003

Monitoring drug use and its associated harms is complicated by many factors. There is considerable variation in the ways in which illicit drugs are used, for example, with consumption patterns varying from the experimental and occasional to the daily and long-term. The risks that individuals are exposed to will also be mediated by numerous factors which include: the dose consumed, route of administration, the co-consumption of other substances, number and length of drug consumption episodes and individual vulnerability.

Denmark Germany

Monitoring of drug use and drug-related harms in Europe is based mainly upon five key epidemiological indicators: drug use among the general population, problem drug use, drug-related deaths and mortality, drug-related infectious diseases and drug treatment demand. Information on these indicators, including methodological notes can be found on the EMCDDA website under the Key indicators gateway and in the Statistical bulletin.

First-time entrants

% (count)

79.3 (1 877) 19.4 (1 791)

18 (403) 93.2 (275) 9.9 (443)

19.7 (399) 85.9 (1 300) 86.3 (1 528)

count

16.3 (60) 84.2 (223) 83.1 (359)

17 701 3 452 5 200

–

17.5 (663)

7.1 (102)

33.9 (193)

23 (20)

7 600

2.9–3.4

44.3 (31 450)

19.2 (3 576)

36.2 (13 827)

33.2 (1 491)

76 200

–

91.4 (486)

80.4 (131)

84.5 (410)

84 (110)

ireland

6.2–8.1

57.9 (4 930)

39 (1 457)

31 (1 488)

22.9 (327)

Greece

2.5–3.0

80.6 (4 693)

73.4 (1 886)

41.3 (1 930)

38.7 (729)

6 783

Spain

1.1–1.3

34.3 (18 374)

18.2 (4 881)

15.8 (2 756)

10.2 (481)

82 372

–

40.7 (14 987)

20.2 (2 042)

17.7 (2 097)

12.3 (226)

145 000

italy

4.3–5.4

55.3 (23 416)

42.4 (9 706)

57.5 (12 566)

50.5 (4 603)

109 987

Cyprus

1.3–2.0

36.7 (365)

10.8 (48)

52.6 (191)

46.8 (22)

Latvia

5.0–9.9

52.9 (1 044)

34.1 (126)

93.3 (935)

88.4 (107)

72.1 (181)

–

1 076 8 729

188 277

Lithuania

2.3–2.4

–

98.6 (136)

798

Luxembourg

5.0–7.6

67.4 (151)

–

58.9 (89)

–

1 228

Hungary

0.4–0.5

6.8 (325)

2.3 (75)

66.8 (203)

49.3 (34)

Malta

6.9–8.2

78.7 (1 434)

45.4 (83)

62.5 (893)

59 (49)

1 107

Netherlands

1.6–1.6

12.8 (1 674)

6 (461)

8.9 (91)

16 (46)

10 085

Austria

5.2–5.5

64.5 (2 426)

41.3 (566)

42.2 (987)

26.8 (146)

16 782

Poland

–

48.2 (643)

14.7 (53)

77 (488)

46.2 (24)

2 200

Portugal

–

70.1 (2 637)

54.4 (980)

15.4 (147)

13.1 (80)

26 531

Romania

National data presented here are drawn from and are a subset of the EMCDDA Statistical bulletin 2013, where further data, years, notes and meta-data are available

A quarter of European adults have used illicit drugs At least 85 million adult Europeans have used an illicit drug at some point in their lives, representing around a quarter of Europe’s adult population. Most report having used cannabis (77 million), with much lower estimates for lifetime use of other drugs: 14.5 million for cocaine, 12.7 million for amphetamines and 11.4 million for ecstasy. There is considerable variation in levels of lifetime drug use reported in Europe, ranging from around a third of adults in Denmark, France and the United Kingdom, to less than one in ten in Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Romania and Turkey.

All entrants

% (count)

36.8 (2 176)

Clients in substitution treatment

% opioid clients injecting (main route of administration)

First-time entrants

% (count)

Estonia

France

Monitoring drug use and drug-related problems

– 1.2–1.3

Opioid clients as % of treatment entrants All entrants

–

Slovenia

–

Slovakia

1.0–2.5

Finland Sweden

–

35 (648) 86.6 (451) 33.7 (691) 62.2 (898)

29.6 (339) 74.9 (155) 22.7 (217) 43.8 (109)

91.5 (590) 56.8 (256) 75.7 (514) 81.8 (719)

90.2 (305) 49.7 (77) 63.1 (137) 66.7 (72)

639

742 3 557 500 2 000

–

24.8 (1 541)

16.5 (255)

55.7 (857)

26.6 (69)

3 115

united Kingdom

8.0–8.6

59.3 (68 112)

40 (18 005)

33.2 (22 081)

29.2 (5 156)

177 993

Croatia

3.2–4.0

80.9 (6 198)

29.8 (343)

74.5 (4 530)

53.3 (171)

4 074

turkey

0.2–0.5

70.3 (1 488)

64.7 (701)

50.9 (746)

48 (333)

8 074

Norway

2.1–3.9

37.5 (2 884)

–

73.1 (160)

–

6 640

3.22 PUBLICATIONS | ANNUAL REPORTING | Perspectives on Drugs

Modelling studies have been used to provide insight into the potential effectiveness of different hepatitis C interventions. These show, for example, that it may be difficult for opioid substitution treatment and high-coverage1 needle and syringe programmes to achieve substantial reductions in hepatitis C prevalence. Modelling the scale-up of both interventions for the United Kingdom (with 40 % baseline chronic hepatitis C prevalence among the target population) shows that they are unlikely to decrease substantially the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C after 10 years, unless the coverage of each intervention is increased to 80 % or over (Vickerman et al., 2012).

Hepatitis C treatment as prevention

Reducing HCV prevalence and transmission is a key public health target, and this can benefit from investigation of the feasibility and possibility of scaling up hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users in Europe, alongside exploring models of how this scale up can be put in place and evaluated. Emerging advances in the treatment of hepatitis C, including the use of direct-acting antiviral agents and interferon-free treatment regimes (see box), alongside a growing evidence base for the effectiveness of the existing strategies as described above, indicate the potential to treat hepatitis C among injecting drug users. Furthermore, modelling studies point to the possibility of reducing the transmission of the virus among injecting drug users (Martin et al., 2011) through hepatitis C therapy, with one study suggesting a 13 % reduction in hepatitis C prevalence over 10 years as a result of treating 10 infections per year per 1 000 injecting drug users in injecting drug use populations with 40 % prevalence.

Strategies to improve treatment and care

There is international recognition of the need for a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to hepatitis C treatment to increase the availability and uptake of treatment among injecting drug users. In spite of the burden of disease and recent improved treatment outcomes for hepatitis C patients, available data show treatment uptake to be very low in this group. There are a number of reasons why this might be the case. Practitioners cite concerns of adherence, risk of exacerbation of psychiatric disorder and the potential for reinfection after treatment as reasons for not assessing or treating HCV in injecting drug users (Edlin et al., 2001; Soriano et al., 2002). Furthermore, on the part of patients, poor knowledge about HCV/treatment availability, the absence of noticeable symptoms (Grebely et al., 2011) and the perceived side effects of treatment (Swan et al., 2010) are considerable barriers for accessing HCV care. Finally, up until recently current drug injecting was an exclusion criterion for receiving

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS I Hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users

government-funded hepatitis C antiviral treatment in a number of European countries. This barrier however, is being removed, with most revised clinical guidelines allowing for the treatment of HCV in injecting drug users. Similar to the comprehensive responses that have been put in place to control the HIV epidemic, a multidisciplinary response to HCV is required. This would need to include the provision of testing, the co-location of HCV and opioid substitution treatment, and mental health care. In addition, use of case management, support services and provider education and training would need to be considered to improve hepatitis C care and enhance treatment uptake and adherence for injecting drug users. Finally, an increased focus on improving patients’ education about the long-term consequences of HCV-related liver disease and the availability of effective treatment would be important components for expanding HCV assessment and treatment for this population group.

Conclusion

New recruitment into heroin use now appears to be on the decline

UPDATED 18. 5. 2013

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS I Hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users

I Facts and figures Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) The incubation period for hepatitis C is 2 weeks to 6 months; following initial infection, approximately 80 % of people do not exhibit any symptoms Approximately 150 million people worldwide have chronic HCV infection* Between 18 % and 80 % of injecting drug users in Europe are infected with HCV About 75–85 % of newly infected individuals develop chronic disease and 60–70 % of those with chronic HCV infection develop chronic liver disease; 5–20 % develop cirrhosis and 1–5 % die from cirrhosis or liver cancer. In 25 % of liver cancer patients, the underlying cause is hepatitis C

Ignat. Ilitatio excea num coreicto coratiusa pre alis ut faccus alique net laut laboreius dolupid uscipsam ium haruntium quo doluptaquas dem quis unt, totat.

*Source: WHO (2012), Hepatitis C. Fact sheet 164.

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS

Current treatment and new hepatitis C medicines The goal of treatment is to eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in order to prevent the complications of HCV-related liver disease, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, cancer and death. The standard of care for hepatitis C treatment is injectable pegylated-interferon-alpha (pegIFN-alpha) 2a or 2b combined with ribavirin oral therapy, so-called peg-INF-riba. However, much research has been conducted into new hepatitis C medicines, predominantly focusing on two areas: (i) treatments that target the virus and (ii) interferon-free regimes. Direct-acting antiviral agents target particular stages in the life cycle of the virus in order to stop it from being able to replicate. There are two main areas of research in this field. The first is concerned with drugs or therapies, known as protease or polymerase inhibitors, which block particular proteins on the virus. The second area of research involves drugs that interfere with the genetic structure of the virus. Research is currently being carried out into inhibitors that can interrupt the activity of the enzymes linked with the replication of the hepatitis C virus. Since 2011, direct-acting antiviral agents have been considered as the standard treatment option for hepatitis C (administered in combination with

peg-INF-riba). The two most widely used are telaprevir and boceprevir. However, the costs of antiviral medicines remain high – potentially presenting a barrier for individuals wishing to initiate or continue hepatitis C treatment. There are many new hepatitis C medicines in the pipeline, often showing promising results, and entering phase II and III clinical trials. These new hepatitis C treatments aim to improve on the older treatment regimes in a number of ways. They can be taken orally rather than injected; they are taken once a day rather than two times a day or more; the side-effects of the medication are likely to be significantly reduced; and treatment has a shorter duration – it is expected that a sustained virological response in 90 % to 100 % of patients will be achieved within 12 weeks, much faster than in current treatment regimes. It is hoped that these improvements will both increase uptake of treatment and facilitate retention in treatment. The possibility of developing a therapeutic vaccine, which would prevent the development of chronic HCV infection following repeat exposures is feasible and being investigated, although a long way off at present, according a recent review (Grebely et al., 2012).

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS I Hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users

References

This product uses one EMCDDA secondary

At least 85 million adult Europeans have used an illicit drug at some point in their lives, representing around a quarter of Europe’s adult population

Hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users

Edlin, B.R., Seal, K.H., Lorvick, J., Kral, A.H., Ciccarone, D.H., Moore, L.D. and Lo, B. (2001), Is it justifiable to withhold treatment for hepatitis C from illicit drug users? New England Journal of Medicine, 345, 211-215.

Gowing, L., Farrell, M., Bornemann, R., Sullivan, L. and Ali, R. (2008), Substitution treatment of injecting opioid users prevention of HIV infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2.

Grebely, J., Bryant, J., Hull, P., Hopwood, M., Lavis, Y., Dore, G. and Treloar, C. (2011), Factors associated with specialist assessment and treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 18, 104-116.

Grebely, J., Prins, M., Hellard, M., Cox, A.L., Osburn, W.O. et al. (2012), Hepatitis C virus clearance, reinfection, and persistence, with insights from studies of injecting drug users: towards a vaccine. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 12, pp. 408–414.

Hagan, H., Pouget, E. and Des Jarlais, D. (2011), A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to prevent hepatitis C virus infection in people who inject drugs. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 204, pp. 74–83.

Martin, N., Vickerman, P., Foster, G.R., Hutchinson, S.J., Goldberg, D.J. and Hickman M. (2011), Can antiviral therapy for hepatitis C reduce the prevalence of HCV among injecting drug user populations? A modeling analysis of its prevention utility. Journal of Hepatology 54(6), pp 1137–1344.

Pouget, E.R., Hagan, H. and Des Jarlais. (2012), Meta-analysis of hepatitis C seroconversion in relation to shared syringes and drug preparation equipment. Addiction, 107(6), 1057-1065.

Soriano, V., Sulkowski, M., Bergin, C., Hatzakis, A., Cacoub, P., Katlama, C., Cargnel, A., Mauss, S., Dieterich, D., Moreno, S., Ferrari, C., Poynard, T. and Rockstroh, J. (2002), Care of patients with chronic hepatitis C and HIV co-infection: recommendations from the HIV-HCV International Panel. AIDS, 16, 813-828.

Swan, D., Long, J., Carr, O., Flanagan, J., Irish, H., Keating, S., Keaveney, M., Lambert, J., McCormick, A., McKiernan, S., Moloney, J., Perry, N. and Cullen, W. (2010), Barriers to and facilitators of hepatitis C testing, management and treatment among current and former injecting drug users: A qualitative exploration. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 24(12), 753-762.

Turner, K., Hutchinson, S., Vickerman, P. et al. (2011), The impact of needle and syringe provision and opiate substitution therapy on the incidence of hepatitis C virus in injecting drug users: pooling of UK evidence. Addiction 106, pp. 1978–1988.

Van Den Berg, C., Smit, C., Van Brussel, G., Coutinho, R. and Prins, M. (2007), Full participation in harm reduction programmes is associated with decreased risk for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus: evidence from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies among drug users. Addiction 102(9), pp. 1454–1562.

Vickerman, P., Martin, N., Turner, K. and Hickman, M. (2012), Can needle and syringe programmes and opiate substitution therapy achieve substantial reductions in hepatitis C virus prevalence? Model projections for different epidemic settings. Addiction 107, pp.1984–1995.

colour as its main accent colour on rotation

Hepatitis C is the most common infectious disease in injecting drug users, among whom it is usually transmitted through the sharing of injecting equipment such as needles and syringesIndividuals infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) often show no noticeable symptoms, and many are unaware that they are carrying the virus. Most of those who become infected go on to develop chronic HCV infection, which can lead to severe health problems in individuals and place a major burden on health care systems. Yet hepatitis C is both preventable and curable, and interventions in this field, particularly in the treatment of hepatitis C, are making rapid progress, largely in response to the development of improved medicines.

PODs ON-LINE VERSION AT

basis. The layout is designed for on-line emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/ index48980EN.html

publishing only. Artwork data files may be found on the accompanying flash disk. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

An epidemic of hepatitis C

Reducing infections among injecting drug users

INSTITUTIONAL VOLUMES â&#x20AC;&#x201C; STATUTARY PUBLICATIONS

3.24 PUBLICATIONS | INSTITUTIONAL VOLUMES | General Report of Activities

TD-AC-12-001-EN-C

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

EN ISSN 1725-4558

GENErAL rEPorT of ACTIvITIES 2013

Key achievements and governance: a year in review

General Report of Activities

This annual publication provides a is an annual publication The General report of activities providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA’s

detailed progress report ofathe EMCDDA’s activities over 12-month period. Published every

spring, it catalogues the Centre’s achievements in activities over a 12-month period, including each area of its annual Work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking the execution of the budget. Released

comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.

every spring, it catalogues the agency’s achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the agency

Key achievements and governance: a year in review

and its work. This product belongs to the multi-coloured product line. The layout is designed for

2013

professional printing only. Artwork data files may be found on the accompanying flash disk. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

Institutional volumes – Statutary Publications | INSTITUTIONAL VOLUMES | PUBLICATIONS 3.25

General Report of Activities 2012

Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the EMCDDA’s partners, any EU Member State or any agency or institution of the European Union.

Foreword

Introduction

PART I: Report of activities: key achievements and governance

A great deal of addition information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).

13 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union

CHAPTER 1 Executive summary

Freephone number* : 00 800 47 891 011 * Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers of these calls may be billed

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2012 ISBN: 978-92-9168-505-9 doi: 10.2810/52636

CHAPTER 2 Core business: monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem in Europe CHAPTER 3 Supporting drug policy dialogue and technical cooperation

41 © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2012 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

CHAPTER 4 Supporting the achievement of results

PART II: Management and internal control systems: annual activity report as per the Financial Regulation applicable to the EMCDDA (adopted by the EMCDDA’s Management Board on 9 January 2009)

Printed in Portugal

Executive summary

control systems

In terms of European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) countries, several potential areas for cooperation were highlighted during the regional scientific seminar on data collection on treatment held in Kiev in September and attended by 27 participants from the region.

The agency exists to underpin the work undertaken at EU and Member State level to tackle drug use. It does this by improving the quality of data available to monitor progress and benchmark different initiatives. It operates an early warning system to facilitate rapid responses to new threats. It also makes evidence about good practice widely available. And more than ever in this time of economic uncertainty, the agency exercises a strict financial discipline and rigorous prioritisation, so that costs are tightly controlled and only those activities which add genuine value are taken forward.

In 2011, the EMCDDA continued to provide technical assistance to candidate and potential candidate countries. The Instrument for Pre-Accession (IPA) 3 project was officially completed in November. This produced updated information maps and country overviews, national reports and national action plans on drug information systems in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and Kosovo under UNSCR 124/99. The protocols of the five epidemiological key indicators, as well as the EMCDDA–ECDC joint guidance publication were translated into all the national languages of the countries involved. In the area of governance and supporting core business, further to the structural reforms undertaken in 2010, the priority for 2011 was to adapt internal processes and procedures to fit with the agency’s new structure. Similarly, better coordination inside the agency and efforts made to improve resource allocation were reflected by, inter alia, a very high budget execution rate. The agency’s strategic planning, monitoring and reporting activities were considerably strengthened in 2011, including a report on the mid-term implementation of the 2010–12 strategy and work programme. Work also started on the 2013–15 strategy and work programme, including an informal external consultation involving key EMCDDA stakeholders and partners. At the same time, the process to implement the agency’s external evaluation was initiated by the EC.

The main result of this process was the 2011 Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe, the Centre’s yearly flagship product. Published in print and online in 22 languages, the report presented an in-depth overview and analysis of the drug phenomenon in Europe, based on the most recent data available. The main launch of the report took place in Lisbon on 15 November. By the end of 2011, the report had registered an impressive number of consultations on the agency’s website and 17 285 downloads in all European Union (EU) languages (compared with 16 349 downloads in 2010, within the same time period).

CHAPTER 2 Assessment and improvement of management and internal control systems

This report presents the implementation of the activities in the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)’s work programme for 2011. This is the second year of the agency’s three-year strategy 2010–12.

As in previous years, a major task for the EMCDDA in 2011 was managing the annual cycle of data submission, analysis and reporting. This included analysing data provided by the Reitox network of national focal points (NFPs) through Fonte — the agency’s webbased data collection instrument — as well as national reports and a review of external information sources. In 2011, significant effort was dedicated to the quality assessment process and vast improvements were made in data submission practices, with the use of a new tool for the automatic validation of data reported by the NFPs.

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 3 Declaration of assurance by Authorising Officer and Management Board’s analysis and assessment of the Authorising Officer’s General report of activities for the

As in previous years, the General report of activities 2010 was adopted by the Management Board by simplified written procedure and sent to the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the EC, the Court of Auditors and the Member States within the set deadlines.

financial year 2011 The Annual report was complemented by a set of products including the online Statistical bulletin of tables and graphics on drug use and responses to drug use, as well as three Selected issues entitled: ‘Cost and financing of drug treatment services in Europe’, ‘Mortality related to drug use in Europe’ and ‘Guidelines for the treatment of drug dependence: a European perspective’. In addition to these publications covering the EU drug phenomenon, the agency published online country overviews and Reitox national reports.1

ANNEXES

Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. +351 211210200 info@emcdda.europa.eu I www.emcdda.europa.eu

Annex 1: Organisational chart

Annex 2: Breakdown of EMCCDA staff as of 31 December 2011

Annex 3: Outputs and products

Annex 4: Key external events, conferences and meetings, 2011 ( )

Annex 5: Members of the EMCDDA’s statutory bodies

Annex 6: Use of the available resources in 2011

Annex 7: List of acronyms and abbreviations

Of particular note in 2011 was the range of unplanned activities implemented. These had a clear impact on the work programme set for the year. One example was the creation of a briefing note on cocaine in response to a request from Commissioner Malmström. These extra requests all had an impact on in-house resources hence several publications have been delayed until 2012. However, spontaneous requests of this nature illustrate the agency’s added value and its role as the European hub for data and expertise on drugs issues.

At the heart of the European drug information system are five epidemiological key indicators (KIs). In 2011, there were methodological developments for all of these, the most important being the completion of the treatment demand indicator (TDI) revision and the adoption of the new TDI protocol at the Heads of the national focal points (HFPs) meeting in November. (1) This report presents the implementation of the activities in the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)’s work programme for 2011. This is the second year of the agency’s three-year strategy 2010–12.

(1) Footnote is placed here

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 General Report of Activities 2012

Chapter 1 I Executive summary

General Report of Activities 2012

2011 also saw important developments in the Centre’s collaboration with ESPAD (European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs). The EMCDDA hosted the 2011 annual ESPAD project meeting, also signing a joint statement to scale up cooperation between the two parties.

photo

Another highlight for 2011 was the launch of the EMCDDA and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) joint guidance called Prevention and control of infectious diseases among people who inject drugs during the drug-related infectious 14 diseases (DRID) annual expert meeting. In the same area, the agency provided a rapid response to a notified increase in cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among injecting drug users in Greece and Romania.

Foreword

Major developments in the area of prevention in 2011 included the release of the first European quality standards to improve drug prevention in the EU — the EMCDDA manual European drug prevention quality standards was launched at the second International Conference of the European Society for Prevention Research, hosted by the agency in Lisbon.

The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction hereby presents its seventeenth General report of activities to the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Auditors and the Member States.

In the area of treatment, the draft framework for the new EMCDDA treatment data collection and analysis strategy was developed. This will significantly improve the collection of treatment data at European level.

The report provides an account of the EMCDDA’s activities and accomplishments in 2011, the second year within the EMCDDA three-year strategy and work programme for 2010–12. During 2011, the EMCDDA continued to provide support to the EU institutions and Member States in their various activities in the drugs field. For the second year in a row, the key findings of the Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe were presented by the Director to the Ministers for Home Affairs at a Council meeting, further to an invitation from the Polish Presidency. In November, the Annual report was presented to the Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs Committee of the European Parliament, together with an update of the first media monitoring of the public launch of the report. In 2011, the European Commission launched the third external evaluation of the EMCDDA, covering the agency’s last two three-year work programmes. The evaluation will be completed in the course of 2012.

Significant progress was also achieved in the area of supply and supply reduction. One of the highlights was the release of the EMCDDA–Europol joint publication Amphetamine: a European Union perspective in the global context, an in-depth analysis of the illicit market in amphetamine. Another accomplishment involved work to develop indicators in the areas of drug markets, drug-related crime and drug supply reduction. Following the first European conference on drug supply indicators organised in 2010, three working groups were set up and started operations in 2011. In 2011, the EMCDDA, together with Europol and its partners in the Member States — the Reitox network — continued to run the early warning system. Confirming a trend witnessed in recent years, a record number of 49 new psychoactive substances were identified and notified to the Member States, Europol, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the European Commission (EC). Subsequently, 52 new substance profiles were prepared and included in the European database on new drugs. In total, more than 200 substance profiles were updated in 2011, including additional forensic analytical data.

I wish to stress that in 2011 the EMCDDA received for the first time in its history a report from the European Court of Auditors in relation to its annual accounts (2010) that contained no qualifications or observations. Although in the past the observations of the Court of Auditors concerned only minor issues, this exemplary report highlights the excellent budgetary and financial management of the agency.

An important highlight in 2011 was the First International Multidisciplinary Forum on New Drugs (Forum on New Drugs), organised in Lisbon and attended by over 100 experts, including representatives from partner EU agencies. The event took stock of current developments in the area of new drugs with a view to anticipating future challenges and identifying anchor points for the agency’s work.

On a more personal note, I would like to express my gratitude to colleagues on the Management Board and members of the Scientific Committee for their support and commitment to the objectives of the Centre. The introduction of thematic debates at Management Board meetings has been particularly welcome and constructive. My special thanks also go to Wolfgang Götz, Director of the Centre and his personnel

Similarly, in 2011 the EMCDDA undertook a series of actions to assist the EC and the European Council with the assessment of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances. This included preparing documents, attending meetings organised by the EC and contributing to the work of the Horizontal Drugs Group (HDG).

as well as the Heads of the Reitox national focal points and their staff for their dedication and professional commitment to the results achieved in 2011.

In addition, the ‘Report on the risk assessment of mephedrone in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances’ was released in May, presenting the summary findings and conclusions of the risk assessment on mephedrone carried out in 2010 by the EMCDDA’s extended Scientific Committee and additional experts from the EC, Europol and the EMA.

João Goulão Chairman of the EMCDDA Management Board

General REPORT GENERAL Report OF of ACTIVITIES Activities 2011 2012

CHAPTER 1

Characteristics and nature of EMCDDA management and internal

Chapter 2 I Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

General Report of Activities 2012

Contents

PART I

Report of activities: key achievements and governance

Chapter 2 I Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

report, Selected issues, Statistical bulletin and country overviews. These form the basic information set from which many of the agency’s other products are derived.

CHAPTER 2

Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

In order to prepare the Annual report, EMCDDA staff analyse the data provided by the Reitox network of NFPs through the agency’s web-based data collection instrument (Fonte) as well as national reports and external information sources. The most important source of data for the Annual report package each year is the Reitox network of NFPs. They submit standard tables and structured questionnaires through Fonte, along with national reports. The data submitted then undergoes quality checks in-house. The 2011 Annual report was published in print and online 22 languages and launched on 15 November in Lisbon. The report attracted great interest and registered 17 285 downloads by the end of 2011 (compared with 16 349 downloads over the same period in 2010) (2).

In 2011, the EMCDDA actively contributed to the evaluation of the 2005–12 EU drugs strategy and its two action plans. Work in this area included a report on the main trends and changes in the European drug situation and in the responses developed by EU Member States over the period.

As its name suggests, the Statistical bulletin is the backbone to the Annual report’s data. This key resource of over 400 tables and graphs published annually provides access to the most recent statistical data relating to the drug situation in Europe. In 2011, the Statistical bulletin went live on the agency’s website on 15 July (3).

In the field of best practice, 2011 saw the agency take its first steps towards developing a best practice network. Similarly, a comprehensive strategy to establish a best practice communication platform was presented at a workshop organised by the EMCDDA and attended by 20 NFPs. The Best practice portal was also updated throughout the year.

2. Maintaining an up-to-date and high-quality online European reference point on drugs.

During the course of the year, the EMCDDA took further steps to support academic training programmes in the area of drugs and addiction. To this end, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed with the Instituto Superior das Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa in Lisbon, with the objective of running a summer school programme in July 2012.

3. Providing ongoing support to EU institutions for implementing and monitoring the EU action plan.

Another new initiative developed in 2011 was the Scientific Paper Award. Over 50 articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals in the previous year were analysed using a defined set of criteria by a jury consisting of members of the EMCDDA Scientific Committee and selected staff. The five winners were honoured during a ceremony held in Lisbon. The production of high-quality reports, articles and presentations continued in 2011. A total of 32 English-language printed or online publications, along with various translated versions, as well as 39 scientific articles written or co-authored by EMCDDA staff were published. The agency’s website was continually improved and enhanced, adding new sections on specialist topics as required.

Specific objectives were developed for each area, to help plan tasks and enhance monitoring and reporting. This General report of activities follows the structure of the 2011 work programme, presented by specific objective.

It is important for the EMCDDA to ensure that the reporting system it implements is coherent, efficient and relevant to European needs. In 2011, a top-level analysis of the system was conducted, which led to the setting-up of a working group to simplify internal work practices. The result will be a streamlined, timely and integrated Annual report from 2012 onwards.

At the end of this section of the report, we have also provided a non-exhaustive overview of additional work (‘unplanned activities’) for 2011.

Collaboration with EU institutions was further strengthened in 2011. On 29 November, the Director presented the Annual report to the Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs Committee at the European Parliament in Brussels. In addition, the EMCDDA was active in presentations and interventions in all meetings of the Horizontal Drugs Group (HDG) and in political dialogues between the EU and third countries.

Objective 1.2 To ensure efficient and methodologically sound data input, management, processing and preparation of data sets for analysis

Core monitoring activities Objective 1.1 To produce a state-of-the-art annual review of developments in drug use and supporting statistics and methodological information

2011 was also a year of major developments in terms of collaboration with other EU agencies. Cooperation with Europol occurred through the former’s involvement in various EMCDDA events and joint work on the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances. Cooperation with the European Police College (CEPOL) was further enhanced, namely through a commitment to develop joint activities in the future. Major progress was also made in collaboration with Eurojust with the two agencies agreeing to sign a cooperation agreement focusing on drug-related judicial issues.

Each year, the EMCDDA manages the annual cycle of data submission, analysis and reporting. The main outcome of this process is the Annual reporting package of the Annual

Chapter 2 I Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

General Report of Activities 2012

In the area of emerging trends, the agency published a policy briefing called Khat use in Europe: implications for European policy. A trendspotting group was also set up to enhance the Centre’s capacity for monitoring new topics. The first meeting of the group, focusing on heroin, took place in Lisbon in October. A meeting on wastewater analysis was organised in January, and a new website page was launched to disseminate the EMCDDA’s activities in this area.

General Report of Activities 2012

(2) Available at: www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/annual-report/2011 (3) See: www.emcdda.europa.eu/stats11 (4) See: www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/country-overviews

Chapter 2 I Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

General Report of Activities 2012

ANNEX 6 Use of the available resources in 2011 EMCDDA 2011 budget allocation and execution by objectives and activities of the EMCDDA 2011 work programme (a) Vertical operations (Core business pursuant to the priority areas of activities defined in the EMCDDA founding Regulation)

8 x 10 cm photo

EMCDDA balance sheet at 31 December 2011

Assigned HR (fte/year) [1]

Allocated and executed budget — Non-assigned appropriations (EUR) For direct cost of operations [2]

Assets

Objectives and activities of EMCDDA 2011 WP 31.12.2011

31.12.2010

Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Land and buildings

194 132.87

-95 690.04

2 336 471.25

2 488 414.54

-151 943.29

2 084 537.76

2 176 027.28

-91 489.52

65 654.77

78 932.35

-13 277.58

Computer hardware

106 666.66

133 132.40

-26 465.74

Furniture and vehicles

79 612.06

100 322.51

-20 710.45

2 434 914.08

2 682 547.41

-247 633.33

15 972.20

11 600.00

4 372.20

15 972.20

11 600.00

4 372.20

358 576.74

325 558.64

33 018.10

8 x 5 cm photo

B. Current assets Short-term pre-financing Short-term pre-financing Short-term receivables

CHAPTER 1

Executive summary

Current receivables

235 482.78

183 435.29

52 047.49

Other

123 093.96

142 123.35

-19 029.39

Accrued income

CHAPTER 2

Deferred charges

Core business: monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem in Europe

Cash and cash equivalents

CHAPTER 3

-482.00 123 575.96

Final allocation

Execution at 31.12.11 (committed)

Initial allocation

Final allocation

Execution at 31.12.11 (committed)

Total initial allocation

Total final allocation

3.90

439 342

340 262

339 563

306 417

174 155

168 670

745 759

514 417

508 233

3.90

10.80

1 086 263

1 144 676

1 144 257

848 539

926 738

923 611

1 934 802

2 071 414

2 067 868

0.90

4.50

480 579

523 092

522 573

353 558

348 641

346 548

834 137

871 733

869 121

2.30

222 617

172 999

172 766

180 707

143 194

138 685

403 324

316 193

3.50

351 163

377 086

376 905

274 990

231 165

231 032

626 153

608 251

Scientific director (SDI)

1.00

2.90

Key indicators and monitoring the epidemiology of the drug situation

EPI

0.70

6.20

Monitoring responses, interventions and solutions applied to drug-related problems

IBS

1.50

2.10

SDI + CUPs

0.30

1.80

0.20

Supply and supply reduction

SAT

Total Execution at 31.12.11 (committed)

Initial allocation

Transversal analysis

For indirect cost of operations [3]

Total HR

O Core monitoring activities 98 442.83

Plant and equipment

Total non-current assets

Main organisational actors for implementation

Variation

A. Non-current assets

2.50

SNE

1.00

311 451 607 937

Monitoring new trends and developments and assessing the risks of new substances

SAT

2.50

3.50

381 970

403 685

399 504

274 990

231 165

231 032

656 960

634 850

630 536

Improving Europe’s capacity to monitor and evaluate policies

POL

4.80

1.00

5.80

571 846

600 281

600 145

455 697

464 359

462 064

1 027 543

1 064 640

1 062 209

IBS

0.50

3.20

3.70

399 907

403 238

402 900

290 703

424 660

422 870

690 610

827 898

825 770

3 933 687

3 965 319

3 958 613

2 985 601

2 944 077

2 924 512

6 919 288

6 909 396

6 883 125

Good practice, guidelines and quality TOTAL

4.00

1.00

7.00

1.00

38.00

-482.00 142 123.35

[1] Fte/year = full time equivalent per year; O = officials; TA = temporary agents; CA = contract agents; SNE = seconded national experts

-18 547.39

875 681.67

2 056 532.41

-1 180 850.74

Total current assets

1 250 230.61

2 393 691.05

-1 143 460.44

Total

3 685 144.69

5 076 238.46

-1 391 093.77

[2] Appropriations for cost/expenditure for operational activities and staff that directly aim at implementing the EMCDDA mission/task/WP [3] Overheads, i.e. appropriations for cost/expenditure for activities, equipment, infrastructure and staff that indirectly aim at implementing the EMCDDA mission/task/WP, as their immediate aim is to support operational activities and staff. These overheads are distributed to operational activities in proportion of the human resources assigned for the implementation of these activities.

Supporting drug policy dialogue and technical cooperation CHAPTER 4

Supporting the achievement of results 6

3.26 PUBLICATIONS | INSTITUTIONAL VOLUMES | A year in review

A YEAR IN REVIEW I Highlights from the EMCDDA’s General Report of Activities

We released a landmark review of cannabis production and markets in Europe (1), describing in detail the cannabis supply chain from cultivation to consumption, along with an estimate of the size of the EU cannabis market. Moreover, the agency commissioned a demonstration project to explore how wastewater analysis can help estimate population drug consumption in 19 European cities. Another key activity was the drafting of an innovative joint report with Europol on EU drug markets — prepared at the request of Commissioner Malmström. A 2013 release and the first of its kind, the report focuses on painting a coherent and holistic picture of developments in the EU for stakeholders, including law enforcement, prevention and academic communities. (1) Available at: emcdda.europa.eu/publications/ insights/cannabis-market

I Working in partnership Partnership lies at the heart of our work. The EMCDDA can only react in a timely manner to the rapidly-evolving European drug situation through strong links with key partners. We nurture collaboration with many organisations, including EU institutions and other EU agencies. 2012 was a busy year for inter-agency collaboration. Existing work programmes and agreements with Europol, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and CEPOL (the European Police College) ran their course, and an amended working agreement was signed with the European Medicines Agency (EMA). The EMCDDA started negotiations for a Memorandum of Understanding with Eurojust. We held the first exchange programme for senior law enforcement officers with CEPOL. Promoting the monitoring model we use with third countries is capital. For example, the agency obtained funding from the IPA (Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance) programme to run a technical assistance project with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Iceland, Kosovo (1), Montenegro and Serbia from 2012–14. This will prepare the countries for collaborating with us in the future. Our Director also signed a Memorandum

of Understanding with the authorities of the Republic of Moldova. Relations with the scientific, research and academic communities were strengthened throughout the year. Initiatives here included the ceremony for our second Scientific paper award, the hosting of the annual meeting of the International Society of Addiction Journal Editors (ISAJE), and the graduation ceremony for the European Masters in Drug and Alcohol Studies (EMDAS).

I Alerting and anticipating The EU early warning system (EWS) implemented by the EMCDDA, Europol and partners in the Member States was particularly active in 2012: 73 new substances were identified, nearly 50% more than in 2011. Twenty-three public health alerts were also issued. To support this work, we organised annual meetings of EWS experts from a broad range of disciplines.

Requests from Member States and institutional partners were handled by the EMCDDA’s rapid response team. For example, with sister agency ECDC, we reacted to the outbreaks of newlydetected HIV infections in people who inject drugs in Greece and Romania with a fact-finding mission, expert meetings, reports on the situation in each country and by providing targeted support.

Today’s rapidly evolving drug situation in Europe means that identifying and monitoring new trends are central to the work of the agency. In this respect we organised an expert meeting to discuss the abuse of fentanyls (powerful synthetic opioids), followed by the publication of a trendspotter study on the topic (1). (1) Available at: emcdda.europa.eu/scientificstudies/2012/trendspotters-report

In 2012, the list of substances reported was dominated by 30 synthetic cannabonioids which mimic the effects of cannabis. The product shown is one example. It contains various combinations of synthetic cannabinoids, however these are not declared on the packaging.

The EMCDDA and the United States National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) co-organised the second interdisciplinary forum on new and emerging psychoactive substances in Palm Springs. This event brought together over 300 leading US, European and international experts from 72 countries to take stock of the new drugs phenomenon from a global perspective. Work with the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) continued, with the EMCDDA publishing the summary of the 2011 ESPAD report in 25 languages (2). Last but not least, we must underline our ongoing cooperation with the Reitox network of national focal points: the agency’s main data providers and a vital source of knowledge and expertise on drugs issues at national level. Work flourished in 2012, for example with our first ‘Reitox week’, gathering representatives from the network’s 30 countries, as well as some IPA and European Neighbourhood Policy countries (3), in order to foster knowledge and share experience. Representatives of the Reitox network were invited to attend various expert and coordination meetings throughout the year. (1) This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99 and the International Court of Justice Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. (2) Available at: emcdda.europa.eu/publications/ joint-publications/2011-espad (3) ENP countries: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, Palestine, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine.

ISSN 1977-6365

Continued from page 1 Significant progress was made in developing key indicators on drug supply. The second European conference on the topic, held in Lisbon and co-organised by the European Commission and the EMCDDA with support from Europol, provided experts with a forum to discuss how to better monitor drugs coming into Europe as part of global efforts to control the production, sale and consumption of illicit substances.

A YEAR IN REVIEW I Highlights from the EMCDDA’s General Report of Activities

A year in review

Source: Simon D. Brandt, Liverpool John Moores University.

I Informing policy We continued to support drug policy dialogue at EU level by providing expertise to the European Parliament, the Council of the EU and the European Commission, along with policymakers in the Member States. Mr Götz presented our Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe to the European Ministers for Justice and the European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE committee). The EMCDDA took part in the implementation of the first EU Policy Cycle for organised and serious international crime launched by the Standing Committee on operational cooperation and internal security (COSI) for 2012–13. The agency contributed to the definition and implementation of several activities

under the Operational Action Plan (OAP) on the synthetic drugs priority.

evaluation process (strategy and action plans).

In terms of policy issues linked to new drugs, data-collection exercises were launched with the EWS network on two new psychoactive substances. A Joint Report on 4-methylamphetamine (4-MA), was prepared with Europol. On the basis of this report, the Council of the European Union asked for a formal risk assessment of the substance. Consequently, in March 2013, the decision was taken to submit the drug to control measures throughout Europe. A Joint Report on 5-(2-aminopropyl) indole (5-IT) was also prepared.

To support national policymakers, we produced the briefing paper Drug demand reduction: global evidence for local actions in 25 languages (1).

Highlights from the EMCDDA’s General Report of Activities

2012

(1) Available at: emcdda.europa.eu/publications/ drugs-in-focus/best-practice

The agency produced a trend report for the evaluation of the 2005–12 EU drugs strategy and was a key member of the Steering Committee managing the

Dr Traute Demirakca and Dr Johanna Gripenberg, two winners of the EMCDDA Scientific paper award, with Scientific Director Paul Griffiths and Director Wolfgang Götz at the award ceremony.

Wolfgang Götz, Director

I Monitoring the drugs situation One of the EMCDDA’s core tasks is to collect, manage and analyse data provided by our focal points in 30 countries (European Union (EU) Member States plus Croatia, Turkey and Norway). The findings gathered through this collective effort — along with expert meetings on epidemiological key indicators where national information is shared — form the basis for the agency’s main outputs each year.

This product belongs to the multi-coloured product line The layout is designed for professional printing only. Artwork data

On 15 November, we were honoured to welcome Commissioner Malmström to our offices in Lisbon to mark the launch of our Annual report on the state of the drugs

files may be found on the accompanying flash disk. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

I Introduction This leaflet provides an overview of the work of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), as presented in our General Report of Activities (1), with a spotlight on key topics and events. A decentralised European agency based in Lisbon, the EMCDDA is the hub of reliable, robust data on the European drugs situation and responses to it. Our annual progress report provides an overview of our achievements over a set period, for those interested in what we do and how we do it. For further information on the agency, please visit our website at: emcdda.europa.eu (1) Available at emcdda.europa.eu/publications/ general-report-of-activities/2012

Institutional volumes – Statutary Publications | INSTITUTIONAL VOLUMES | PUBLICATIONS 3.27

Chapter 2 I Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

General Report of Activities 2012

The highlights of our work with the ECDC included the aforementioned joint guidance on injecting drug users, published and translated into 11 languages (full version) and a rapid risk assessment report on the HIV outbreak in injecting drug users in Greece and Romania. The collaboration with the EMA included the preparation of a draft proposal for the joint implementation of Regulation (EU) No 1235/2010 Article 28c on pharmacovigilance legislation. In 2011, there was also an active exchange of expertise, data and information with international partners including the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the World Health Organization, the Council of Europe’s Pompidou Group, the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission, the World Customs Organization, Interpol and the Maritime Analysis and Operations Centre — Narcotics. In terms of European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) countries, several potential areas for cooperation were highlighted during the regional scientific seminar on data collection on treatment held in Kiev in September and attended by 27 participants from the region. In 2011, the EMCDDA continued to provide technical assistance to candidate and potential candidate countries. The Instrument for Pre-Accession (IPA) 3 project was officially completed in November. This produced updated information maps and country overviews, national reports and national action plans on drug information systems in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and Kosovo under UNSCR 124/99. The protocols of the five epidemiological key indicators, as well as the EMCDDA–ECDC joint guidance publication were translated into all the national languages of the countries involved. In the area of governance and supporting core business, further to the structural reforms undertaken in 2010, the priority for 2011 was to adapt internal processes and procedures to fit with the agency’s new structure. Similarly, better coordination inside the agency and efforts made to improve resource allocation were reflected by, inter alia, a very high budget execution rate. The agency’s strategic planning, monitoring and reporting activities were considerably strengthened in 2011, including a report on the mid-term implementation of the 2010–12 strategy and work programme. Work also started on the 2013–15 strategy and work programme, including an informal external consultation involving key EMCDDA stakeholders and partners. At the same time, the process to implement the agency’s external evaluation was initiated by the EC.

EN ISSN 0000-0000

Annual Accounts

Chapter 2 I Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

General Report of Activities 2012

report, Selected issues, Statistical bulletin and country overviews. These form the basic information set from which many of the agency’s other products are derived.

CHAPTER 2

Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

The EMCDDA’s core objective is to provide the European Union and its Member States with factual, objective, reliable and comparable information at European level on drugs and drug addiction and their consequences (1). Within this mandate, three transversal goals governed the work in 2011, as follows: 1. Producing a state-of-the-art annual review of developments in drug use and responses in Europe located within a broader explanatory conceptual framework (scientific, historical, demographical and socio-political).

2. Maintaining an up-to-date and high-quality online European reference point on drugs. 3. Providing ongoing support to EU institutions for implementing and monitoring the EU action plan.

Events to launch the Annual report The main launch of the report took place in Lisbon on 15 November, with other launches in national languages at events in 14 Member States and Norway. The report presented a 105-page overview and analysis of the drug phenomenon in Europe. This was supported by the online Statistical bulletin made up of tables and graphics. Also published at the same time were three Selected issues: Cost and financing of drug treatment services in Europe, Mortality related to drug use in Europe and Guidelines for the treatment of drug dependence: a European perspective. In addition to these publications covering the drug phenomenon at European level, the agency published online country overviews and Reitox national reports. The country overviews present a summary of the national drug situation, key statistics at a glance and a barometer showing the drug use prevalence position for each country. These were published in English in November and then online in all national languages (4). It is important for the EMCDDA to ensure that the reporting system it implements is coherent, efficient and relevant to European needs. In 2011, a top-level analysis of the system was conducted, which led to the setting-up of a working group to simplify internal work practices. The result will be a streamlined, timely and integrated Annual report from 2012 onwards.

Objective 1.2 To ensure efficient and methodologically sound data input, management, processing and preparation of data sets for analysis

The main tool for managing the EMCDDA’s data collections is the Fonte system. In 2011, automatic validations within the system were implemented, which generated automatic notifications when there were errors in data submitted. This helped save considerable time in the collection and verification process. (2) Available at: www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/annual-report/2011 (3) See: www.emcdda.europa.eu/stats11 (4) See: www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/country-overviews

Need text explaining the background and use of this product. This product belongs to the multi-coloured product line. If printed, inside layout is

2014

identical with General Report of Activities – please refer to the appropriate artwork data file on the accompanying flash disc. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

3.28 PUBLICATIONS | INSTITUTIONAL VOLUMES | Annual Budget

Chapter 2 I Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

General Report of Activities 2012

EN Chapter 2 I Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

General Report of Activities 2012

report, Selected issues, Statistical bulletin and country overviews. These form the basic information set from which many of the agency’s other products are derived.

CHAPTER 2

Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

1. Producing a state-of-the-art annual review of developments in drug use and responses in Europe located within a broader explanatory conceptual framework (scientific, historical, demographical and socio-political). 2. Maintaining an up-to-date and high-quality online European reference point on drugs. 3. Providing ongoing support to EU institutions for implementing and monitoring the EU action plan.

Annual Budget

ISSN 0000-0000

In the area of governance and supporting core business, further to the structural reforms undertaken in 2010, the priority for 2011 was to adapt internal processes and procedures to fit with the agency’s new structure. Similarly, better coordination inside the agency and efforts made to improve resource allocation were reflected by, inter alia, a very high budget execution rate. The agency’s strategic planning, monitoring and reporting activities were considerably strengthened in 2011, including a report on the mid-term implementation of the 2010–12 strategy and work programme. Work also started on the 2013–15 strategy and work programme, including an informal external consultation involving key EMCDDA stakeholders and partners. At the same time, the process to implement the agency’s external evaluation was initiated by the EC.

This product belongs to the multi-coloured product line. If printed, inside layout is

2014

identical with General Report of Activities – please refer to the appropriate artwork data file on the accompanying flash disc. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

Annual Work Programme | INSTITUTIONAL VOLUMES | PUBLICATIONS 3.29

Annual work programme 2014

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EN ISSN 0000-0000

Annual Work Programme

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Annual work programme 2014

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TABLE 12 Mixmag Internet survey, 2010 Ever used (percentage)

Used last year (percentage)

Used in last month

Cannabis (any)

54.4

Ecstasy (any)

53.1

Cocaine (powder)

86.7

83.1

47.4

Mephedrone

41.7

37.3

33.6

30.1

14.7(1)

Amphetamine (speed/base )

Source: Winstock, A., 2010. (1) Em qui repudaerchil molupta dundae et eic te exeria

MAIN AREAS OF WORK IN 2014

Monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem in Europe

II.2. Improving Europe’s capacity to monitor and evaluate policies

Overview

In 2014, responding to the EU action plan on drugs (2013–16) overarching indicator number 14, work in this area will continue to monitor developments in legislation, national drug strategies, coordination mechanisms and public expenditure estimates in EU Member States. Over the next year, this will involve taking stock of current knowledge on drug policy and exploring different policy models. Monitoring of drug policies will be advanced through an analysis of the presence and role of drug policies at the local level. Work in this area will also focus on supply reduction policies, while the publication of a composite index of drug legislation will allow a first view towards objective taxonomies.

GOAL 2013–15 Improve the understanding of European and global policy developments by providing relevant and timely drug policy data, analysis and expertise

Priority interventions

Planned activities

Expected outputs/results

6.1.2 Increase awareness of national and EU level policy developments

6.1.2.1 Finalise study on drug trafficking penalties (L2)

– EMCDDA paper: Comparative analysis of trafficking penalties

6.1.2.2 Review cases studies of policy at the EU, national and local level (L2)

EMCDDA papers: – National policy profile – Supply and external security an EU overview – Drug policies of large cities – Evolution of drug strategy in the EU (draft paper)

6.1.4.1 Finalise analysis of developments in drugrelated public expenditure (L2)

– Literature review and case studies conducted

6.1.4.2 Scope options for economic analysis in the area of drug treatment (L3)

– Internal working document on options and utility of macro and micro level economic analysis and review in the area of drug treatment

6.1.5.1 Provide technical input to the EU in the follow-up and evaluation of its drug strategy and action plans (L2)

– Data and expertise provided for relevant areas of the action plans (within available resources) – Technical input to meetings (on request)

6.1.5 Support the EU drug strategy and action plan(s)

6 / 25

TABLE 12 Mixmag Internet survey, 2010

6.1.4 Monitor economic issues relevant to drug policy

4 / 25

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2014

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3.30 PUBLICATIONS | INSTITUTIONAL VOLUMES | Three-year Strategy and Work Programme

Three-year strategy and work programme 2016–18

MAIN AREAS OF WORK IN 2014

Cooperation and collaboration with key partners

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(1) According to the definition provided by the Council Decision, a ‘new psychoactive substance’ means a new narcotic drug or a new psychotropic drug in pure form or in a preparation; ‘new narcotic drug’ means a substance in pure form or in a preparation that has not been scheduled under the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, and that may pose a threat to public health comparable to the substances listed in Schedule I, II or IV; ‘new psychotropic drug’ means a substance in pure form or in a preparation that has not been scheduled under the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and that may pose a threat to public health comparable to the substances listed in Schedule I, II, III or IV.

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TABLE 12 Mixmag Internet survey, 2010 Ever used (percentage)

Used last year (percentage)

Used in last month

Cannabis (any)

Ecstasy (any)

Cocaine (powder)

86.7

83.1

Mephedrone

41.7

37.3

33.6

30.1

14.7(1)

Amphetamine (speed/base )

54.4 53.1 47.4

Source: Winstock, A., 2010. (1) Em qui repudaerchil molupta dundae et eic te exeria

6 / 25

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National report | INSTITUTIONAL VOLUMES | PUBLICATIONS 3.31

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NEWSLETTER

3.34 PUBLICATIONS | NEWSLETTER | Drugnet Europe

Europe

April–June 2013

In this issue...

Drugnet Europe is the EMCDDA’s bimonthly newsletter which features latest news on the

Newsletter of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

agency’s activities. It has a broad distribution throughout the world and across all of the

Call for EU-wide ban on 4-MA

agency’s target groups.

The European Commission proposed on 31 January an EU-wide ban on the stimulant drug 4-methylamphetamine (4-MA), a synthetic phenethylamine closely related to amphetamine (1). The call from the Commission to the Council of the EU comes in the wake of a formal risk assessment on 4-MA carried out by an extended EMCDDA Scientific Committee on 16 November 2012 (2).

This monthly issued product uses the EMCDDA Blue as its main accent colour in addition to the primary palette. Other colours from the secondary palette may

The risk assessment report detailed 21 fatalities in four EU Member States (Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and the UK), where 4-MA was detected in post-mortem samples, either alone or in combination with other substances, in

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Malmström: ‘EU drug markets report offers unique analysis’.

particular amphetamine. The report also describes how 4-MA can have serious adverse effects, such as hyperthermia,

ISSN 0873–5379

Drugnet

Drugnet Europe | NEWSLETTER | PUBLICATIONS 3.35

Drugnet Europe

EU DRUG MARKETS REPORT

EU report unveils new trends in smuggling and consumption

For the report, case studies, press and audiovisual materials, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/events/2013/drug-markets

Drug trafficking is a highly profitable commercial activity and a core business for organised crime groups across Europe today. Understanding the reality of the European drug market requires a holistic approach, following the economic chain from production, via trafficking, to consumption. The EMCDDA–Europol EU drug markets report, launched on 31 January, provides the first state-ofthe- art overview on this topic and unveils new trends in smuggling and consumption. Commenting on evolving drug markets, European Commissioner Cecilia Malmström said: ‘Our future success will depend on ensuring that our policies are based on sound analysis, that our law enforcement is grounded in intelligence, and that Europe’s efforts are united and coordinated’. Chapters on specific drugs begin with key statistics ‘at a glance’ and end with EU policy responses and operational and international initiatives. Under the headings ‘Drivers of change’, ‘Drugs in perspective’ and ‘Information needs’, Chapter 10 identifies key action points to inform future policies. This edition of Drugnet Europe presents highlights from the report (see also pp. 1, 7 and 8). For the report, case studies, press and audiovisual materials, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/events/2013/drug-markets

INFORMATION NEEDS

Need for integrated information ‘Understanding a complex phenomenon such as the drug market requires sound analysis informed by data on both supply and demand’, states the report. In order to improve the measurement of drug markets and the effectiveness of supply reduction responses, data must be based on common definitions and standards. Here, the report underlines the importance of key indicators to provide the building blocks for robust time-series analysis. Also underlined is the strategic and operational importance of scaling up and developing forensic information (‘capacity at EU level is currently insufficient’) and the value of operational intelligence to enrich statistical analysis.

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES DRIVERS OF CHANGE

Globalisation and technology transform drug market Globalisation and technology have transformed the modern European drug market into one which is quick to identify opportunities, exploit weaknesses and respond to countermeasures. Multicommodity trafficking, diversified routes and use of commercial transportation options all contribute to the ‘changing face of organised crime’ portrayed in the report (see also p. 8). Here, partnerships are encouraged with industry to address the misuse of commercial channels for trafficking, as well as with credit card and online payment providers to tackle the Internet drug market by creating barriers to sales. Other action points proposed are that law-enforcement actors prioritise, to a larger extent, intelligence gathering on high-profile individuals and criminal groups. It is impossible to understand the European drug market without locating it within a global context. The report explores the changing global marketplace (demand for drugs in the developing world) and calls for positive engagement with a larger number of producer and transit countries.

DRUGS IN PERSPECTIVE

European drugs problem moves into new phase The European drugs problem is moving into a new phase: substances and patterns of use that have characterised the drug market for the last 30 years now share the stage with a wide range of newer substances and behaviours. The report describes a European heroin market, for example, which is less important today in global terms, with non-EU heroin markets now larger and easier to penetrate. New cocaine trafficking routes are also emerging. Cocaine concealed in container shipments is becoming more common, and recent major seizures have been made in the Black Sea and Eastern Baltic Sea areas. Here, multiagency working partnerships, placing container traffic in the spotlight, are recommended between customs, port authorities and commercial transport bodies. Domestic production of herbal cannabis in Europe is underlined in the report as a major challenge for law enforcement. Countries are encouraged to share know-how and to improve monitoring of yields and potency. Recent developments in the synthetic drug market outlined in the report include a bounce-back of ecstasy (MDMA) and increased availability of methamphetamine. Rapid developments in the area of new and synthetic drugs means that Europe needs to scale up its earlywarning capacity for new substances.

Ro omnienectur reperna tquaspicid ut lab inim si de volord ut lique nusamet ipid milibeatem quas maxim

Drugnet Europe

BOOKSHELF

INCB 2012 Annual report

The EMCDDA is responsible for the selection of materials for the Bookshelf and for the text presented. However, responsibility for the content of these materials and the opinions expressed therein lies with the authors themselves.

EMCDDA embarks on new annual and three-year work programmes The EMCDDA’s 2013 work programme — adopted by the Management Board on 6 December with a budget of EUR 16.06 million — sets out the objectives for the first year of the agency’s 2013–15 strategy. Three core principles drive the three-year work programme and also shape and focus activities in 2013. These are: a commitment to providing a relevant, timely and responsive analysis of the drug situation; achieving efficiency and ensuring that maximum value is delivered from activities and investments; and enhancing communication and a customer-orientated approach.

2013 will see an important shift of emphasis in how the agency monitors the drug situation The 2013 work programme is structured around a number of core business areas: data collection and analysis; key epidemiological indicators; demand reduction responses; supply and supply reduction interventions; new trends and developments; drug policies and scientific coordination and research. These are all complemented by transversal and support areas. This year will see an important shift of emphasis in how the agency monitors the

At its last meeting in Lisbon from 15–16 November 2012, the Committee drew up

The approach set out in the document supports and complements national drug policies and provides the overarching political framework and priorities for EU drug policy identified by Member States and EU institutions for the period 2013–20. It also forms the basis for EU external cooperation in this field. The strategy is structured around two main policy areas (reducing supply and demand) and three cross-cutting themes (coordination; international cooperation; and research, information, monitoring and evaluation).

2013 will see an important shift of emphasis in how the agency monitors the drug situation

Daily cannabis consumption is defined in the study as use on 20 days or more in the month preceding interview. Self-reported data regarding the frequency of cannabis use from large, probabilistic, nationally representative samples of general population surveys were collected from 20 countries. This was achieved via two ad hoc data-collection rounds in 2004 and 2007 and one standard datacollection round in 2010. The EMCDDA initiative to understand the prevalence of intensive cannabis use — which is more likely to be associated with harms, including dependence — complements more traditional indicators which measure lifetime, last-year or last-month use.

3 million daily cannabis users in the EU and Norway

marked increases in the demand for treatment associated with cannabis problems over the last 15 years. The study found that, on average, 25 % of last-month cannabis users consume the substance daily. This pattern of use is more prevalent among young adults (15–34 years), who represent around 70 % of daily users, and among males (almost 3.5 male cases to one female case). The EMCDDA estimates that there are around 3 million daily cannabis users in the EU and Norway. Relatively large country variations in prevalence exist. Danica Thanki

The analysis offered by the report enhances our understanding of the

Cannabis... the most frequently mentioned drug among those entering

Marica Ferri For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/ thematic-papers/daily-cannabis-use

Cannabis... the most frequently mentioned drug among those entering treatment for the first time

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PARTNERS

EMCDDA signs accord with Charles University, Prague The EMCDDA and the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, Prague, will be cooperating in training and research activities in the field of drugs in the future, thanks to a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between the two parties in the Czech capital on 22 January (1).

Signed for an initial period of five years, this agreement establishes structured cooperation between the EMCDDA and the Faculty, promising to enhance the exchange of experts and promote the organisation of joint training activities on

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Wastewater analysis is a rapidly developing scientific discipline with the potential for monitoring real-time population-level trends in illicit drug use. Given the relevance and importance of this emerging field, the EMCDDA has embarked on a number of related initiatives to be developed in 2013. Among these is ‘Testing the waters’, the first international multidisciplinary conference on illicit drugs and wastewater to take place in Lisbon from 6–8 May 2013 (1). The event is being organised by the EMCDDA in collaboration with the EU-funded SEWPROF project (2) in which the agency became an associated partner in 2012. Registration for the conference is now open and will run... The conference will assess the state of the art in this emerging discipline, consolidate research findings and identify a common approach and set of methodologies for wastewater analysis and monitoring. It will combine the perspectives of analytical chemistry, physiology, biochemistry, sewage engineering, spatial epidemiology, statistics and conventional drug epidemiology. During the conference, the results of the EMCDDA multicity project, launched in January 2012, will be presented and discussed by an Liesbeth Vandam 1) See Drugnet Europe 80. Please note that the venue and funding partners have changed. Submit abstracts via www.emcdda.europa.eu/ wastewater-analysis 2) http://sewprof-itn.eu/ 3) See Drugnet Europe 77 and www.emcdda. europa.eu/news/2012/wastewater

EU drug markets report: a strategic analysis The European drug market is a complex phenomenon, with new realities now emerging to challenge long-held certainties. The EU drug markets report from the EMCDDA and Europol published in January (see pp. 1–2) is the first comprehensive overview of illicit drug markets in the European Union to date. Individual chapters describe today’s markets for heroin, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy and new psychoactive substances. Each of these opens with key statistics ‘at a glance’, proceeding to address issues as broad as production, consumer markets, trafficking and organised crime. Adopting an approach which is both pragmatic and applied, the agencies identify key conclusions to inform future policies and actions. The report is an essential reference tool for law enforcement professionals, policymakers, the academic community and the general public.

spread; and, cases of fatal and non-fatal intoxication. In a letter of 22 January, the Council of the EU requested the EMCDDA to carry out a formal risk assessment on the substance (Step 2). This will be carried out by an extended EMCDDA Scientific Committee in Lisbon on 11 April. The substance, first detected in Norway in April 2012, has been linked to 21 deaths in three EU Member States (Hungary, Sweden, UK) and has been...

The joint report on 5-IT follows an examination of the available information on the substance by the two agencies in September 2012 (Step 1). This phase considered: the amount of material seized; comparison by analogy with better-studied compounds; evidence of the involvement of organised crime and international trafficking; the potential for the further rapid

Third international forum on new drugs Leading European and international experts will meet in Lisbon from 27–28 June for the Third international forum on new drugs, organised by the EMCDDA. The event follows the Second international forum co-hosted by the EMCDDA and

Andrew Cunningham and Michael Evans-Brown

Available in English, along with press and audiovisual material, at www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-publications/drug-markets

1) www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/ joint-reports/5-IT www.emcdda.europa.eu/activities/ action-on-new-drugs

Drug policy profile — Ireland

2) Council Decision 2005/387/JHA of 10 May 2005 on the information exchange, risk-assessment and control of new psychoactive substances.

The national drug policy of Ireland comes under the spotlight in the latest volume in the EMCDDA series of Drug policy profiles published in February. Examining the evolution of Irish drug policy through four periods of historic development, the report explores: the country’s national strategies; the legal context within which they operate; the public funds spent, or committed, to implement them; and the political bodies and mechanisms set up to coordinate the response to the problem. The profile sets this information in context by outlining the size, wealth and economic situation of the country as a whole, as well as the historical development of the current policy. Also described is the manner in which events in Ireland bear similarities with, and differences from, developments in other European countries. This EMCDDA series aims to describe some of the main characteristics of national drug policies in Europe and elsewhere in the world. The profiles do not attempt to assess national policies, but instead outline their development and main features.

developments in the new drugs field including emerging trends and pioneering legislative approaches. The EU early warning system (EWS) operated by the EMCDDA and Europol now monitors over 250 new psychoactive substances. In 2012, 73 new substances were officially notified for the first time in the EU through the EWS, up from 49 in 2011... Andrew Cunningham and Michael Evans-Brow 1) See Drugnet Europe 79.

Available in English, along with press and audiovisual material, at www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-publications/drug-markets

Staff awards

Thematic paper — drugs and driving

The 2011 International Collaborative Prevention Research award was presented to Dr Gregor Burkhart for his ‘outstanding contribution to advancing the field of prevention science’.

NIDA in Palm Springs in June 2012, which focused on the global nature of the phenomenon and the importance of international cooperation in this area (1). It will also build on the results of the First international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs held in Lisbon in May 2011. Significant developments in this domain since the 2011 forum have seen it evolve into a complex challenge for scientists, law enforcement and policymakers. This year, experts from a wide range of disciplines will be invited to discuss global

The use of illicit drugs and psychoactive medicines amongst drivers, particularly when combined with alcohol, is described in the latest Thematic paper from the EMCDDA. The state-of-theart review presents the results of the largest research project ever carried out in the EU on ‘Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines’ (the ‘DRUID’ project), which ran between 2006 and 2011. DRUID culminated in 50 project reports, running to several thousand pages. The 50-page EMCDDA review summarises the findings of these reports (see p. 5).

The 2011 International Collaborative Prevention Research award was presented to Dr Gregor Burkhart for his ‘outstanding contribution to advancing the field of prevention science’.

Available in English at www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/thematic-papers/druid

April–June 2013

CALENDAR 2013

broad aspects of drug monitoring. A Reitox Academy training course, ‘Contemporary approaches in drug monitoring’, to take place from 15–20 April, will be the first common activity implemented under the agreement. Designed for professionals working in the field of drug monitoring, this course aims to boost knowledge and skills on drug-related data collection, analysis and interpretation. It will present the latest developments in drug monitoring, combining long-term and routine data collection with new complementary tools and methods. The programme will also offer the participants a unique opportunity to reflect further on the role of national drug observatories in producing drug-related information that makes a difference to stakeholders.

The use of illicit drugs and psychoactive medicines amongst drivers, particularly when combined with alcohol, is described in a recent EMCDDA report launched on 14 December (1). The state-of-the-art review presents the results of the largest research project ever carried out in the EU on ‘Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines’ (the ‘DRUID’ project), which ran between 2006 and 2011 (2). Funded by the European Commission, the project was undertaken by a consortium of 38 partners led by the German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt).

Maria Moreira

The EMCDDA has recently conducted a meta-analysis of a multi-site European study and US studies on multidimensional family-therapy (MDFT). This integrative, family-based treatment is specifically targeted at adolescent drug use and related behavioural problems. Encouraging results have been noted in particular with MDFT and young cannabis users. Users enrolled in this type of treatment were seen to attend all .

Testing the waters

For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/ thematic-papers/daily-cannabis-use

Monika Blum and Narcisa Murgea

For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/sc

Danilo Ballotta For the report, case studies, press and audiovisual materials, see www.emcdda. europa.eu/events/2013/drug-markets

A recent EMCDDA Thematic paper entitled Prevalence of daily cannabis use in the European Union and Norway presents a new overview of this issue in Europe.

Drugs-Lex

a formal opinion on the agency’s 2013 work programme and undertook the risk assessment of new drug 4-MA (see p. 1). An extended Scientific Committee will again meet in Lisbon on 11 April to assess the risks of 5-IT (see p. 6).

The strategy builds on lessons learned from the implementation of previous EU drug strategies and associated action plans, including the findings and recommendations from the external evaluation of the previous strategy (2005–12). But it will also take on board fresh approaches and address new challenges identified. The document states: ‘The strategy builds upon the achievements made by the EU in the field of illicit drugs and is informed by an ongoing, comprehensive assessment of the current drug situation, in particular that provided by the EMCDDA, while recognising the need to proactively respond to developments and challenges’.

Multidimensional family-therapy and cannabis use

drug situation, including a move towards more analytical tasks to be carried out by the EMCDDA’s scientific teams. An exciting new development in 2013 will be the reconception of the Annual report into a new European drug report package, offering an integrated and comprehensive set of linked products aimed at meeting modern information needs.

EMCDDA work programmes available at www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/

All targeted actions identified will be evidence-based, scientifically sound and cost-effective and aim for realistic and measurable results that can be evaluated. They will also be time-bound, have associated benchmarks and performance indicators and identify responsible parties for their implementation, reporting and evaluation.

Another new psychoactive substance — 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole — commonly known by the abbreviation ‘5-IT’ or ‘5-API’ has caused sufficient concern at EU level to merit the preparation of an EMCDDA– Europol joint report on the substance and a request for a formal risk assessment (1). The developments are in line with Steps 1 and 2 of the threestep legal procedure through which Europe monitors and acts on new drugs (2).

The course will be open to participants from acceding, candidate and potential candidate countries to the EU and will be financed under the EMCDDA–IPA project preparing IPA beneficiaries to participate in the work of the agency (2) (3). The Department of Addictology of Charles University (4), operating under the above Faculty, will be the EMCDDA’s main partner in implementing the course.

2) For more on the EMCDDA’s international cooperation activities, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/ partners/cc

For the first time using comparable data, the project drew a map of the drink- and drug-driving problem across 13 European countries. Over 50 000 car and van drivers were tested in random roadside surveys for traces of 25 substances, including illicit drugs, alcohol and medicines. Alcohol was

‘The European Union, EU drugs policy and the enlargement process under the Lisbon Treaty’, Reitox Academy professional training course for IPA4 beneficiaries, Bruges and Brussels.

20 February:

Presentation of the EU drug markets report to the European Parliament LIBE Committee, Brussels.

7 March:

Workshop on general population surveys, UK national focal point, London.

11–12 April:

Risk assessment 5-(2-aminopropyl) indole and 38th EMCDDA Scientific Committee meeting, Lisbon.

15–20 April:

‘Contemporary approaches in drug monitoring’, Reitox Academy training course, Prague.

3) For more on IPA, see http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/policy/glossary/terms/ipa_en.htm 4) For more on the Department of Addictology of Charles University in Prague, see www.adiktologie.cz/

New report reveals risks of substance use behind the wheel

Around 30 000 people die in traffic accidents in the EU every year, with alcohol still the number one substance endangering lives on Europe’s roads (around one quarter of road deaths). The DRUID project assessed the scale of Europe’s drink- and drugdriving problem and contributed key evidence to road safety policy. It culminated in 50 project reports, running to several thousand pages. The 50-page EMCDDA review summarises the findings of these reports.

EMCDDA meetings 12–14 February:

Ilze Jekabsone 1) For the MoU, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/ news/2013/fs2

External meetings 18–23 February:

Workshop on updates in designer drug trends, American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Washington.

11–12 March:

1st International conference on behavioural addictions, Budapest (http://icba.mat.org.hu/).

11–15 March:

56th session of the UN Committee on Narcotic Drugs (CND), Vienna.

14 March:

SMART advisory group meeting, UNODC, Vienna.

detected in 3.5 % of drivers, illicit drugs in 1.9 % and medicines in 1.4 %. Mixtures of drugs or medicines were found in 0.39 % of those stopped and combinations of alcohol with drugs or medicines in 0.37 %. A series of project recommendations are made to counter driving impaired by substance use. The roadside surveys revealed cannabis (THC) to be the most frequently detected illicit drug in drivers, followed by cocaine and amphetamines. Benzodiazepines were the most frequently found medicine, with medicinal opioids less common. Across Europe, the prevalence of alcohol, cocaine, cannabis and combined substance use was found to be higher in southern and western regions. Medicinal opioids were detected more in northern Europe, while substance use was relatively low in most of the eastern region. Brendan Hughes

EU drug markets: a strategic analysis Continued from page 1

Also detailed in the report is Europe’s role as a key global source of the precursor chemical used to manufacture heroin (acetic anhydride) and as an important player in the packaging, marketing and promotion of products containing new psychoactive substances. ‘For synthetic drugs, and increasingly cannabis, the EU remains an important drug-producing region’, said EMCDDA Director Wolfgang Götz. ‘The trend for producing illicit drugs close to their intended consumer markets, where they are less likely to be intercepted, is a growing one. We are now paying an increasing cost for this development in terms of community safety, public health and the burden placed on already stretched police resources’. According to the report, globalisation is an important driver of developments, with more countries now used as transit, storage or production points. Furthermore, the Internet is having a profound impact, both as communication tool and online marketplace. But innovation is also seen in the area of production: the EU is cited as a key ‘source of expertise and know how’ regarding intensive cannabis cultivation, synthetic drug production and cocaine concealment. Other findings of the report include the connections between cocaine and cannabis resin trafficking networks, the increasing importance of Africa as a transit and storage area, and how crime gangs based in NorthWest Europe play a pivotal role in the distribution of virtually all types of drug across the EU. For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/events/2013/drug-markets

EU meetings 8–9 April:

National drug co-ordinators’ meeting, Irish presidency, Dublin.

Management Board elections

11 April:

CADAP 5 final conference, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

17 April:

EU–CELAC technical meeting, Irish presidency, Brussels.

18 April:

Horizontal working party on drugs, Brussels.

João Goulão, Portuguese national drug coordinator and Head of the General-Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies (SICAD), was re-elected Chairman of the EMCDDA Management Board on 6 December for a second threeyear term. Claude Gillard (Belgium), a founding member of the agency, was also re-elected to the position of Vice-Chairman. Dr Goulão was first elected Chairman of the Board in December 2009 and has been the Portuguese representative on the Board since 2005. Claude Gillard, Legal counsellor at the Belgian Ministry of Justice, has chaired the EMCDDA Budget Committee since 2003 and has greatly facilitated the Board’s decisions on budgetary and financial matters.

Around 30 000 people die in traffic accidents in the EU every year

For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2012/12

Drugnet Europe is a newsletter published by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon. Any item may be reproduced provided the source is acknowledged. For free subscriptions, please specify your requirements via e-mail: publications@emcdda.europa.eu

Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 218 13 17 11 info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda I facebook.com/emcdda

1) See p. 7 and news release at www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2012/13 2) For more, see www.druid-project.eu

April–June 2013

Upcoming risk assessment on 5-IT

Measuring daily cannabis use

The signatories were Professor Aleksi Šedo, Dean of the Faculty, and Wolfgang Götz, EMCDDA Director.

Scientific Committee — expressions of interest The 15 members of the EMCDDA Scientific Committee (plus one observer) will complete their current mandate in December 2013, having acted as guardians and advocates of the scientific integrity of the agency over two consecutive terms since 2008. A new call for expressions of interest addressed to scientists wishing to be considered for membership of the Committee for the period 2014–16 was published in the Official Journal of the EU on 22 February (deadline: 15 April).

A new EU drug strategy (2013–20) was endorsed by the Justice and Home Affairs Council on 7 December 2012. The strategy aims to protect and improve the wellbeing of the individual and society, safeguard public health and offer a high level of security to the general public. Through an integrated, balanced and evidence-based approach, it will contribute to reducing drug demand and drug supply as well as drug-related health and social risks.

Drugnet Europe

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

OFFICIAL PUBLISHER: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction I PROPRIETOR: EMCDDA DIRECTOR: Wolfgang Götz I EDITOR: Kathy Robertson I Printed in Belgium I ISSN: 0873–5379 I CATALOGUE NUMBER: TD-AA-13-001-EN-C Printed on chlorine-free paper I © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

TD-AA-13-001-EN-C

Publisher: United Nations (INCB) Language: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish Date: 5 March 2013 • Price: USD 30 ISBN: 978-92-1-148270-6; ISSN: 0257-3717; Sales No: E.13.XI.1 Press pack and e-version: www.incb.org

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

New EU drug strategy endorsed

SPOTLIGHT

istockphoto.com

The UN International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), which monitors and promotes implementation of the global drug control conventions, released its 2012 Annual report on 5 March. This year the report focuses on ‘shared responsibility’, a principle of international law which is integral to global drug control. The report makes a number of recommendations to governments and the international community to further drug control efforts according to this principle (which represents a mutual commitment of nations to common goals, complementary policy and joint action). The recommendations pay due attention to the need for a balance between supply and demand reduction measures and highlight the importance of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. One of six special topics addressed this year is the unprecedented proliferation and use of new psychoactive substances. The INCB encourages governments to establish mechanisms to monitor the emergence of new drugs on illicit markets, including early warning systems, and urges joint action by countries to prevent the manufacture,

April–June 2013

RESOURCES Events and materials on the drugs issue Guia de recursos da saúde e dependências This guide to resources and responses in the area of drug addiction in Portugal was published this spring and is now available online in Portuguese. The publication presents a vast and qualified network of institutions operating throughout the country as well as the evolution of the Portuguese drug policy. Also included is a section on international bodies working in the field, where the EMCDDA and its Reitox network are presented.

For more, see www.eurohrn.eu/

Harm reduction conference The European harm reduction network (EuroHRN), established in 2010, will hold its 1st European conference on harm reduction from 6–7 October in Marseilles. The meeting will gather the network’s members and concerned stakeholders with the aim of: sharing an assessment on the harm reduction situation within Europe; improving the EuroHRN sub-regional networks... For more, see www.eurohrn.eu/

Global Addiction 2011 Global Addiction 2011 is an international conference to be held in Lisbon from 5–7 December. The event has evolved from the former European Association of Addiction Therapy conferences, the last of which was held in 2009. Organised by the Global Addiction Network, the 2011 event will bring speakers from around the globe to present on a wide spectrum of topic areas pertinent to addiction and the treatment of addictive disorders. The EMCDDA will participate in a session on ‘Innovation and quality’. For more, see www.globaladdiction.org Organisations wishing to publicise their newsletters, magazines, websites, CD-ROMs or any other resources are invited to contact Kathryn. Robertson@emcdda.europa.eu

SERIES

3.38 PUBLICATIONS | SERIES | Monographs

1 Contents

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Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur

MONOGRAPHS Chapter 1 I Harm reduction and the mainstream

llorem reheniet inctota voluptatium nimusa v atioreped moluptatium inumquides sit que Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias a oluptatquis nemqua delitata veritiam harci volorpo rporerf eriorib usapicabore, et quatis dolupta volor sinum qui atioreped Itia si init, sequiditis raturem rehent earunderior modisinti alibus moluptas auta exerovid moluptatium inumquides sit que quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias a bus quatet estium dolupta vellest, ant ut qui dolupit, et volorro con nes sinvel etures dolupis eossit ea quodiorest estibus. Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur, num ium la corat eum quiberum iduciis eiumeni repro omnihic itatur, sit vere perat int que nimilic imendit quassit eatus, tota pore quiaspis m, el ea del ium escipsuntur, quas que volum que porunto repuditatque excest, cus, aut enectemquo ium nonsequundam repremquam, sed qui est eossum que nobis eatquiatem illupti nem experum quibus atioreped moluptatium inumquides sit que quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias expellatur, voloriae con consequae. Lit plicipsa poruptam fugitas dent. molendam, consequam faceaque pro doloruntem ipsunte mperiorat. Solupta cusape dolecerumqui restem dolum consequisqui beremporeium haria que essin cum exces et TABLE 1 as a velectatem essiti con res abora dolorru ptatem harcieni re, sum velita cone voluptas Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur qui rem quam, sint molestiberum audaero rioreiu sciditate cor sunt laborro rercipsusam, Control reduction Control reinforcement Harm reduction audic tet id utet vid magnam delitata veritiam harci volorpo rporerf eriorib usapicabore, Country Number % % et quatis dolupta volorNumber sinum quibus % eossit ea Number quodiorest estibus. Enditaque volupturem 1estiorum nobit 2 moles sus modigentur, que nimilic2imendit quassit 2 Austria eatus, tota pore quiaspis 3et adiate nostecatur 2 2 Belgium alitaes equiae re velesseque 2evendita conem et aut et aut vollamusam 2 et adi aliqui 8 to ipsam rerchit, 2 Bulgaria vel iliquiant, consequae et, sed ut2lates aped u la corat eum Croatia quiberum iduciis eiumeni repro omnihic itatur, sit 1vere perat int1 que volu la corat eum 4quiberum iduciis 8 12 itatur, sit vere perat int que volum que m que Czech Republic eiumeni3 repro omnihic

Denmark Finland

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Latvia Lithuania Netherlands Norway

Romania

8 4

Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom

Ireland Italy

2 5

Greece Hungary

Non country specific

6 5 1

2.4

Note: Umquaes ditiusam, sanim aligendero elignim unda debis conse provid quassus eaquae volupta corehen isquatiatur, siminum ium ipsus quidit eos re pa di su.

Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur

Itia si init, sequiditis raturem rehent earunderior modisinti alibus moluptas auta exerovid quatet estium dolupta vellest, ant ut qui dolupit, et volorro con nes sinvel etures dolupis num ium la corat eum quiberum iduciis eiumeni repro omnihic itatur, sit vere perat int que volum que porunto repuditatque excest, cus, aut enectemquo ium nonsequundam atioreped moluptatium inumquides sit que quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias molendam, consequam faceaque pro doloruntem ipsunte mperiorat. Solupta cusape dolecerumqui restem dolum consequisqui beremporeium haria que essin cum exces et as a velectatem essiti con res abora dolorru ptatem harcieni re, sum velita cone voluptas qui rem quam, sint molestiberum audaero volorpo rporerf eriorib usapicabore, et quatis dolupta volor sinum quibus eossit ea quodiorest estibus. Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur, que nimilic imendit quassit eatus, tota pore quiaspis et adiate nostecatur alitaes equiae re velesseque evendita conem et aut et aut vollamusam vel iliquiant, consequae et, et adi aliqui to ipsam rerchit, sed ut lates aped ullorem reheniet inctota voluptatium nimusa voluptatquis nemquam, el ea del ium escipsuntur, quas repremquam, sed qui dolupid ma que laccatest, ut pratestrum est liciatiosam qui dolupitam sit experiberiam est eossum que nobis eatquiatem illupti nem experum quibus expellatur, voloriae con consequae. Lit plicipsa poruptam fugitas dent.

Harm Reduction

Beatio exped quaeste mporaepuda alit, quid ea dolupta destrumquam quia doluptatur as ex et volorib eaquuntem haris ducienimpor sitatur ecepudi temqui blam, vendeles exerum ut maio dit mo earum lam ut quis provit ipsa num voloreptibea doluptat dolut omnihil ignatur mossequi opta aspel ium quis mo velia doluptam inusand ernatectae consed unditas et vellab ium quibustiunt alit, nuscipienis aut quiam quidesequas et et ut aligend igentis dolorent. Nulpa comnisquae remporenia denihil eum aut dolorecate voluptatur si de poribus nossit dicienihicim qui doluptae enda nis eriasped qui in re, ex ea nobis sequi corpor suntiusam si blabore nimusam nihit ut quiae. Ihitate mporita tiorae simet faccus aturis modias mod quia iliquat ibusam re vero omnihic tem eos derit magniscia quo te doluptur at faccullatur aliquo experion pliscil illorro vitatur, qui digendi tatur, testi ipic to tem fuga. Aquas doluptatur aut hilis de pro magnis dolupit emquid ut quam, sitatiur, in porat vendam quos di blatust ra sunt eatiunt. Natque lam si quatusanto officii simpore nis re postiorecus ditas eostiae stibus vid quam id estia dolorro dit, et re consectur, uta qui dicia aut dolor alique nimi, velloria etum quiatur as sincipienis audi si tem laut liciumet acid ut abore porent. Fero ilis auta sita di aute voles conestiam remque ipis vendi cupicid ullendit hic tem. Tur? Met que diam il iderit, cusciet voluptatat omnis nim ne sus a dit, occullu ptaqui tet et lanihitate parciatur, omni cum et, si odit fugit, ipsamus.Vit, omnisti suntium nonectem velessinis derum etur apidem vent laccae nem dignima. Beatio exped quaeste mporaepuda alit, quid ea dolupta destrumquam quia doluptatur as ex et volorib eaquuntem haris ducienimpor sitatur ecepudi temqui blam, vendeles exerum ut maio dit mo earum lam ut quis provit ipsa num voloreptibea doluptat dolut omnihil ignatur mossequi opta aspel ium quis mo velia

Evidence, impact and challenges 11

EMCDDA Monographs are specialised publications containing thematic scientific papers prepared in the context of research studies or conferences. Aimed at the scientific community, this EMCDDA series

aims to ensure greater visibility for the agency as a scientific authority in the drugs field. Topics cover a range of issues from science and policy to theory and method. This product belongs to the blue product line. The layout is designed for professional printing only. Artwork data files may be found on the accompanying flash disk.

Format | 160 mm × 240 mm

EN ISSN 0000-0000

I 18

CHAPTER 1

Insights | SERIES | PUBLICATIONS 3.39

INSIGHTS

CHAPTER 1

Sam etquia dentia pratetsi sandae conse nihilias ullaunde volupti atempedit unt quunt turercima quam rempore I Introduction

Quia comnistrum soluptatum

Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas Quiberspedi omnis autem nullo exceser ciminum, verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt. velestrume nulpari busant. Icimo del ipsuntios delibus Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur nus voluptat rectatium etur, acercie ndicit fugit molestint sitatetur aut abo. Et faccus perchiligeni con et pressedit qui utem excea veles re, utecaernamus dolore et perorio Insights I name of publicaion omnit haristotat. Consed quunt, ea paruptat rerumqui nectus solut eostis explantem recerum quod exerero omniendis dem doluptatio consecerume rerum, idundel modipsunt eossi doluptat quidend uciderciam, culluptatem ullorro beat. Equistrunt doluptaquos esequam officil molorendi ut et quias es ma quo experchite ressi desto eos at re conesequam ipitati a vernam ut laborporpor seceperit, tem. Non repel experferum quaturio. Udi officiis as aut voluptam acitem. Ut laute pro doluptintem ni acearum natis eosa sim quis asincto Nistrumquas moloruptam quiae commo omnitquia volupta volupta tisquiam velenim quiatius ipsum fuga. Ulparciatur? destis plam aliasperiTABLE 1 in nonsequo berrum fugit opta none plitati busandis Mixmag Internet survey, 2010 con non corione perum as dunte voluptur mos aut ma Sectur a alis nectem natenis a nossime cone nimet as imaximetur? simoluptate nation renda nissit la con rectur eneofdit, excerna tendebit harum illa volupiciis dis es dolorestia At thead core this definition lies the notion of speaking Ever used outUsed last year Used in last istrundanis rem quidunto minvell uptatibeat explibus verit laboritat utem laudis el magnimagnam ipsam eatqui (percentage) month foOlessus, que si odit entur aut aut ommodis(percentage) inctoratia Ratum endit ipsam quiaspe rchilique et am solupta tiistrumesinvere, Cannabis (any) Cia quia isque 93 70 54.4 dolor volupturem sequae es rerae poris vellecabo. Vene sequaes eum quunte moluptate doloruptaturcor mi,ad et dolo doluptia voluptas el ea que earit est, lab iunt quo doluptatus dicatur? Quis aut liquunt landemporem essi nus dolorit eatem consed ut audani tectem ipsam, Ecstasy (any)eatatio. Min rectur 91 80 eaque pella qui diciis prorepere estis cupient, non53.1 necturi quibus molore elesciet aut ommolor fugia cum dolupti cum aces siminusae maioria dolupta velis turiatus. alita doluptus. am voluptaque esto am nonest est, quam umquisc iatus, simus nulpa sam, commolor mo ilibus, Cocaine (powder)

ISSN 0000-0000

Publication title

86.7

83.1

47.4

facerciis unt mo consequi blam hictent etur si rernam estiore hendantin Mephedrone 41.7 37.3 33.6 proviti dolorror as sapiciis et et et, cus, Nat la quod quibusa nducimodios et venist quation Cepero et lab ipis ari num volores equatates enienias audae mos non parumquiatem quatiam voluptatqui qui quunt accabor rest et am aciaerum hil minti vene prem Amphetamine 72 30.1 14.7(1) sequaeribus miligendi odit volorem anditatios inciaestibea quia quibus autatem accusdam entem. Hicae omnit laborum quidis es cum fugias vel idustiorro mi, omni ut eosamusa Nullabo rionsequiam sum aborerciam hitasi (speed/base ) nisciendit et iliqui ducimus in natum laces reperio ipsus moditate dunt(1). dolendit ut omnimillaut alitatqui offictia nos et a quaecup facipis di dolupitint occum quidem volorit oditius. Agnimi, nia porporibus Source: Winstock, A., 2010. adigend aeperrovit resequat faccabor acepedit idit maxim aspelest, tem quoditam eius dolorest quiat faccae.tatisquo Runt. minctore ame namendus acestiat eum in pa (1) Em qui repudaerchil molupta dundae et eic te exeria voleseq uiaspid ebitio cori doluptae nam, sed quas etur, similit es mosant. Empores repel illabore moluptatem qui nonsequatior sitatem sit volo officae pa eiunt ut eveniat sin pa volor re voluptat aboratet et asit molorunt ipicabor Goreptae explit a velestorento et aut facest Cepudit estiorit laborition pednonserit molo quis aututem remdem ariaLesed enducidenis dit et exceaqu atiuntius ut volesentio. Uscil idi arum sunt, quam sediti andusanim litatur aut velluptas nobissi ncipsunt lit inienit emquas et dis ipsa sint eosamet explatior sed quiam quissit odita as iliquiarercitassim cus quatur magnis simusda ndendit in reius, iur?provid moluptae. Berspie autem fuga. Quam aut modicide nempore ventur sit, ut lati dinectur verspismo dolorepudis molupie ndiatestium fugiat. molore con corupta tendus mo eatur, nisinum et idit laccus Obis identio. Min eriberissit, omnimin ihillore serest, aut eum ad eumquam, lamusate que voluptam hici conseditae cus. pero mintiis aut volorro illiqui quat et aritate volorem nos Volorpo rehende llique magnihi liquat. Quidissim ni sum hiliam, ommolora Tus, saperio doluptatus eummagnistiant quid que quielligent enem acius imet inctota volorernati et endiassit, cusnsenimeni reptis assequi illumenet mil maiorei citaerior aut aut excese quis solupta tatem. Nem quaerfere doluptus ut voluptatem esquis eaquam fugitempore voloreped volorest qui blabore molut escia perro magnatet Tibusam eum busdaelam verro etre perchilitatiatiunt, consequiat rehenducim apiet nusapienis nonserum expla parchit dellabo voluptaest estiorrume ad quiasit lab iditi il inveres veria aspelisquossunt delias estio et eatusa vit lautem nonseque volorporpor excescid quo volo verenia tumquo beate expelitatem ea etrrupta officil venistis magnis qui voluptat et, to velluptatur, vel eossimus esequi offic tenonsecus rem velibus ipitam eatatiuri in explissuntis imusto omni ab illecto alit debist, officaero desed maios recesecum reudandus sus qui et qui venimusdae plant. fugiaep autvolo qui qui si inciate mporemperum explitatibus idem il maximusanim asped ma soloreria ant volorectas dest, odi bea sequis volupta sim eaqui dolum in provit comnimagnis as quid qui con re numqui optat offictur? explign impedit fuga. ma ventio disi re perrorestia autatur? fugitiis explicid mossin nosa voluptaqui dolenis volor rem Ad ut laborem quassequo dicabo. IliamOvit eos invenduntur? voluptatet, quae nis minctet fugia este qui vercipicime adici inihicil Namrat nonserum inci in pedit od ulparum in cum id escipsa epratur, sinimol orumque nus dolupta quiatur ad (1) Olessus, que si odit entur aut aut ommodis inctoratia es dolor sequae es reraecusda poris vellecabo. eaque pellavolessinctus qui diciis prorepere estis bearum quisquam seque omni culles is a explam, corest Eris volorepero totatur autessitas quunt ipsa sitiusaCia quia isque invelestrum sum ipis eruptin usciusam quamusd aestia corrovi tatiis eos ex et quaturis verum eatatio. Min rectur maioria velis am voluptaque esto am nonest est, quam ndelicil et est incto ex et unt. Ra iumquosfacerciis et porehent eate parchiliam, con mossequ iatur, dolorae poribusame ped mo in recte quatumet accabori errumeos reroremporem rem sum event quam earcipsam, unt mo consequi blamhilitatet hictent etur si rernam audae mos nonparchil luptat parumquiatemes quatiam voluptatqui qui cum fugias estibea totatiurerum restiur ehenda duscia doluptius, voluptae cus, ommo dolorerchil in repro quatur sed moluptiberem omnime accatem res quia aut quibus dit faccabo. Uthillit qui ipsant te ressincta ero doluptatiae neste lab int. Dunt veroria dion vel idustiorro mi, omni ut facipis di dolupitint moditate dunt busdae verro venem anditaturit et ipitasi nctorumquo quat. ipis aceptatem et, ommoluptur, nusapienda nonsequ nimagnatur que volorrum repediat quiam et perchilitati conse rehenducim apiet quis ea etsinum officil magnis qui voluptatfugitioadis quisime vel eatur? secturent ipsunt am as et landust, quos. Nam nonserum od ulparum cum id quamusdporeict aestia otatur? Perro te velit iducidescium quament ese volores. Ut veruptatur aspiet inci in pedit reces erum in fuga. Volorem omnist aut es dolupta quat. corrovi tatiis eos ex et quaturis verum quatumet accabori dolorae. qui inustrum is recea eos qui nos dolor recest, int. Raectem porepre qui dellent invent alibus vid es turiberspis quam, suntemolum as de reriore rovidit atium, erchilibus, ommos eum quia volumet inulparumet, qui core re pa et qui con conecepe es a volore, et arum, 9 rere sa doluptas dolupiendi aut asi omnisto doluptatios Magnime eum quuntur minctae magnihi tionsectorro et conemos doluptias re nonsedi tations equatis uta dolupiet auta sum si sanimpores mi, numenim harum reratenda am, exces accullu ptatam rendant aciminis eos excea faccus arciae none possitam, corporenecta ped quis explam, cus estibus solorepudit laborporum est adistio quid quaes istrume ex esti que il illant enimil min nulpa doluptate cum quist lant et expligendae voluptam quiatur? moloratia doluptaque nime comnit aborrum aperspi doluptame provid maior sequi optatur? ciisimin reiumque la comni ressimp eliquo te mo maiorem. Nam quossintur aut es quam, sequiatur? Tem. Ut accullu Um fuga. Da vel im inctem alibus am voloremquiam auda Et etur aspedit reseque maximus event. pturion senimuscit quas dolorio ritatur, sit, imaximp nis eum antia consedis simolorest doluptatia nimus eos orepudi doles ipictatent eum sequos esequo es et parci alibust iumenitisque pero di atqui ressende velendipsus Exerferunt velecab oreptio vellibus autemporem aliquat ditatur? Qui ut lat lacide ium ne officata ditibus. aped quo to que prehenist, vollabore nonserovit et ipictemquis recercium hiliam namet rerferi bustrum laut voluptae im consecu mendis etureperfera cum doluptae. reperchit lamendem laceaquo officiae dolores es debitem At optat eum et eos sequiatus deriste mporum eatur? Harumquidit moluptatior sae culpa dolupta is dolorum poreperibus, vidunt il is eum quodis et asperia essecto et Tibus restio il molumque nossin es quodit, sumet ius reprem aut es eum elis quatem rae nis a dusandandae ut ut aspel is quae vollabo. Debit andit, ilit, corpossi verunti venihicti ipic tem que mo esenihi llabo. Nam quam enimaxi natiaec tatius ma volupis ma aliquae nis re, consequat ulles init pero id mint quibus aut hil intisi blam solupit, magnis dolupis re num ea volorer natatis esequo occaecae aut optationsed qui blaudae volupta antionest, quae. Nam eicid mollaccum volorent aut venis aut dis aut optiscit adit volest, autem faccus, officiae conet pro quaerup tinveri re volorit quam vendici ommoluptatus mosandi tatiaes et ut occus derest apis magnis doluptatur sit ellaut hicia aeptibus, eum ea velecum faccull orepro vel eum ut adi temporem. Nem facesse rferum re pro endaes nonsequi prestia doloriossiti doloria inimet pa doles net es dolut pa dusam, offictae rentiandel is delecae por a quamet que acesedicatur reped quibus. dolora venda dero volorec ma ipiciis sitions equat. laborer epelestet eos mo ommodit restoremque ium quos ab ium et voloriatem. Suntium quo temporere pori tet Um lam lantem rempore ptiorem porionsed mo Cepreptat. Etur aut ari quamus posapistio. Libus de remposam, tota nihilliquis dolo to eatus, ex evellac iliqui magnitatum deriae nonse a cum velita solorit quasperum nobis et erroreped quat odignatius utatur mi, omnihil none dollaut occuscid earum quo eos ipiduci atinienit eos ad ut dolora doluptur rernate sum as nim essunt lat perum ma corenimolum re volorporerum asperatio tem. Et qui eumquame atibuscidunt fugitamus. name vit vitis mi, quaernate evenimo luptassit aut pa que aspient lique peratque et, utem quiae sectemo oditis excerro offici tota prore perion consequis verae nobitat nullorum as doluptas explatia duciet officipidi officabore

Chapter 1 I Chapter name

I Natus vendeseria velia voluptat. I

Elluptaest, volorem et quos inctius.

Ignatus el mos adi vendi accusapiento que core pa deritam, sa delignis dolenda ernam, occuptistrum fugita num ullum sintota volecessi beat aceseque verrum ressendebit vendant oriatempores aspe simi, conse inihictur, nes archil ipsaper itatium, utatis et velestrum volorecto voloriam everrum ut ratusanis aut di ipsame ditatiis et lanit pedis as ventorem fugiatetem. Officati berrum volupta volorempore volestio es cone doluptat posantem rem. Nam doloresciis dolupta eribusa pienias aditatur molendi scietur empedia quassim il et, non nemquo min provide voluptatum et quiae idemollam eos aut quias inci volorepudis aut asiment iustis commodit ut venducit vollabo. Ilictat usandic ipsapitat debis saepedi con pore nonectibusae periat pra cus. Onsequi ut officid eum fugitatquis molor simaiore, voluptis ese et restiatemos quam reriam aspis quunt, ium nonemquae perehentio id et eium laccus, si num ea simporrum es molesti comnien tibeariaesti nimus expliquibus assint millam quates aut enihillab ius molent optatus. Obitatusae sollore pelestior audit vendi dolecatibus uta porrore perchitae quatiusandit et quiassim faceptatent pre voluptaecto ipsa si simentio optia nis eos aut fugit mo blaborem que res sinctiumque voluptias et volorro est autem quia non eserios unt liquae nimpor a diae expelliquam, nis eum ut laccate mpeditature moluptatur apitatus si di des uteste ne nimus acepudi cilici ut resto idicimo ditatia sandis acipiet aut velesec tatur, consed qui dolupti dis netusapernat volorem pernatquo qui re, quis disimil iducimp oritatque conseru ptamus, ad ut labo. Liquatum etus natus ipsam in recti ium ut as mo quia qui FIGURE 1 DSM-IV criteria symptoms(5) 20

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Iquis dollo cone num laut ium, quatem fuga. Gent, quam fugit ut vel ilite moluptatem re laut rerum quossus doluptam et errovitam, cuptat et harum vidi rerit, sandae quia corem

EMCDDA Insights convey the findings of studies and research projects carried out by the agency on topical issues in the drugs field. The series has addressed themes such as outreach work, drug substitution treatment and the prosecution of drug users. It is particularly useful to

policy-makers, practitioners in the drugs field and the media. This product belongs to the yellow product line. The layout is designed for professional printing only. Artwork data files may be found on the accompanying flash disk. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

3.40 PUBLICATIONS | SERIES | Manuals

CHAPTER 1

Chapter title

I Contents 18

Fernam quuntis none mi, offic to omnienist

Fernam quuntiso omnienist

Fernam quuntis nonenist

Fernam quuntis none o omnienist

Ferntis none mi, mnienist

Fernam none mi, offic to omnienist

Fernam quuntis nto omnienist

Fernam quuffic to omnienist

Fernam quuntis none

MANUALS I Guidelines for the evaluation of drug prevention

Picilis rehenditem in reprept atibusdae comnimintem dolorum conecate prae quas rese cus dipiciatum nem nim qui voluptam harchitatur. Officienis am con explign iendit voloreh enditi dis mintis accum anis autemquis evelibus in es eum autempe reiumquas int labore, si blandigni non ex exerum fuga. Cum eumquodist, sequati simo quas et exerfernat. Ehendia mustem. Itatum labo.

ndite adi ipicto bea doluptatia nistiae cones am, sit ut eossecum dolupturibus molore sedi as dolore ea que dolor res ea sincimp oremporiam cus debitiore voluptatur, escimus, commoluptat dolut ut ut moluptatur sus moles non perepel igenis dolescipis atur autes Erum con pliae moluptatus endest, ut ommolut quae magnihiciat hitibus denderc hitatum aut adis dercient alibus dunt et aspe vernam, que nullias aut occupta tempora tiusam si isquaturem eatquam volo inti doluptatur?

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Itatestore ipsae officab iur, cullaut etum quatia volupti dis molorepudic te eaque vere nos sae peditati to bero explaut dolupta id et maio int verumquis voluptate magnis ipisciis harum et fugiatem illuptaeptam quiandis ra sunt, sitiist, con parumen ihicto berum dist, volupta dit magnihil ea quo officaborem que voloremquae dolorestist eium harunt.

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biscia quaerio et quid ut laborem es expellaut et maxim laborei cidisti osandae as rero maxim rem natis minia pos ad quame eiusa conecullabo. Ut occum fuga. Nam eos explibus vitiam ut qui bearum harchit evelibus est inctaecernam rereces et reperum volor sum et faccus aut quid molectur, odigent estis ut ea conet quas maximusam, sapic te non consequi cum qui occaest, et utatet et et abore si con re, ullor magnient qui id quunt, quatem eribus dolut et vellaut entias eum quibus auditas voluptat eici dolor nemperi orestisit, conempe ditas della voloreped quas ru mquodia vendandempe es et ea nim saeri dendige Nam eos explibus vitiam ut qui bearum harchit evelibus est inctaecernam rereces et reperum volor sum et faccus aut quid molectur, odigent estis ut ea conet nimaximus, quodi officti blam ventum ut as ra nes nemperi orestisit, conempe ditas della voloreped quas ipsum iliqui te est alique nis alit alit dernatur, utate coresequide nobitatiunt nemperi orestisit, conempe ditas della voloreped quas quiam as nus, optatia sequae di odis sitatin venditi repudandes velestemquat pos expello ommodis soluptium aut faces untotat esciur aliquostio volore, senectorum dolo offic tesciuri atio idia dolest as seque re es iur, sit, cum autectur

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MANUALS EN

Chapter No. I Chapter title

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ISSN 0000-0000

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Guidelines for the evaluation of drug prevention A manual for programme planners and evaluators (second edition)

9 EMCDDA Manuals are practical handbooks providing step-by-step advice to programme-planners and evaluators. This series is aimed in particular at professionals and grassroots practitioners working in the drugs field. This product belongs to the green product line. The layout is designed for professional printing only. Artwork data files may be found on the accompanying flash disk.

Format | 160 mm × 240 mm

EMCDDA Papers | SERIES | PUBLICATIONS 3.41

EMCDDA PAPERS I Drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe

ISSN 2315-1463

Internet search method Information about advocacy organisations in Europe was mainly gathered through an Internet search. This was done by developing a search string, that is, a set of key words that yields the maximum number of relevant results when entered into a search engine. As the search was conducted in three widely spoken languages (English, French and Spanish), two variations of the search string were used. At the outset, a number

EMCDDA PAPERS I Drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe

Categorising advocacy organisations

A number of recurring themes were identified during the literature review to enable the development of a set of categories covering the type of advocacy, the type of organisation, and the organisations’ advocacy objectives and orientations. These categories provided the basis for assessing the advocacy organisations identified though the Internet search. As a result, the organisations’ key characteristics could be recorded in a meaningful way, which facilitated this exploration and analysis of drug policy advocacy.

FIGURE 1: Geographical distribution of advocacy organisations identified in the study

TABLE 4 Source of information on advocacy organisations Number Internet search only

search and produce the most relevant results. Advocacy organisations were defined as organisations with

a website-based Internet presence that contained a clearly stated aim to influence drug policy. The national versions of the search engine Google were used to check each country for the presence of advocacy organisations. In doing so, the results generated by the

EMCDDA PAPERS

search string were ‘sampled to exhaustion’. This process involved reviewing the first 100 links in the results and then continuing to assess subsequent links until 20 successive links were irrelevant (EMCDDA, 2011; Hillebrand et al., 2010; Solberg et al., 2011).

Drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe

Step-by-step guidelines for the search were designed, which ensured consistency and made the technique replicable for repeat studies. After searching the Internet for relevant organisations, the ‘home’ and ‘about us’ sections of these websites were then reviewed in order to find the information needed to categorise the advocacy organisations. Additional organisations were searched for in the ‘membership lists’ or ‘links’ pages of the websites. During this process, the information was collected in a data entry form and then entered into a database.

Content: Executive summary (p. 2) I Introduction (p. 3) I Advocacy (p. 4) I Identifying and categorising advocacy organisations (p. 5) I Overview of advocacy organisations in Europe (p. 7) I Exploring the forms of advocacy organisations in Europe (p. 11) I Advocacy organisations operating at the European or international level (p. 13) I Conclusions (p. 15) I Annex (p. 17) I References (p. 23)

Being an exploratory study, the research was subject to certain limitations. Advocacy organisations were defined as organisations with a clearly stated aim to influence drug policy on their website, which allowed the search to be consistent across countries. This excluded advocacy organisations without websites and those with a web presence based solely on social media sites. Organisations concerned with drug issues, but not explicitly established to influence drug policy were also excluded (4). Furthermore, the Internet searches were undertaken in English, French and Spanish. Additional organisations would have been located by a search using more languages.

Three categories were used to describe the type of advocacy that organisations were engaged in: peer, professional and public policy advocacy.

The practice of professional advocacy corresponds with many features of the idea of case advocacy, and is commonly undertaken by ‘operational’ NGOs, such as service providers and professional bodies, as well as non-peer groups. As a result of their front-line service contact with drug users, families and communities, these professional actors often focus on issues linked to practice and service provision. They are involved in policy advocacy primarily on behalf of, or with, drug-users and those affected by drug-related harms out of professional interests. Public policy advocacy organisations engage in what may be known as cause advocacy. This category includes ‘campaigning’ NGOs, large-scale user-groups, grassroots networks, human rights or social justice organisations, policy research think-tanks and campaigning or lobbying organisations. They typically operate at the national and transnational levels.

218

100

Scope of operation

Number of organisations based in each country 0 1–5 6–10 11–15

>15

TABLE 3 Advocacy organisations identified in the Internet search, by search language

TABLE 5 Scope of operation: number of advocacy organisations according to their primary level of operation

Number

(4) These included political parties, research centres, scientists, government advisory bodies, Reitox national focal points, and HIV/AIDS advocacy organisations that did not specifically advocate on behalf of drug users.

Type of advocacy

Peer advocacy is characterised by the members of organisations sharing a common experience of drug use and associated harms, giving them a unique understanding of the issues and difficulties that can be experienced. Typically, these organisations include community-based groups, such as usergroups, family or ethnic minority support groups, alongside community activist groups focused on specific places and issues, grassroots campaigns, voluntary civil society and faith-based groups. Collectively, these organisations are characterised by a low level of formal organisation and funding, and are involved in campaigning for service provision and support resources at a local or national level.

Both Internet search and national focal points

Total

of exclusion criteria were defined to help focus the

129

National focal points only

Number

English

119

Local or regional

French

National

Spanish

European or international

167

100

Total

37 151

% 17 69

218

100

6 / 24

8 / 24

approaches. Primary objectives in the field of legislative changes were pursued by the remainder, with 23% in favour of control reduction and 12% calling for control reinforcement.

Keywords public policy advocacy drug policy legislative change practice development drug control policy

This product uses one EMCDDA secondary

colour as its main accent colour on rotation basis. The layout is designed for on-line publishing only. Artwork data files may be

1/24

found on the accompanying flash disk. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

OUTPUTS RELATED TO 2005 / 387 / JHA

3.44 PUBLICATIONS | 2005 / 387 / JHA | Joint reports

JOINT REPORTS I Title

part

JOINT REPORTS I Title

part

CHAPTER 3

I Contents I Acknowledgements

Technical report on mephedrone

I Foreword

Dr Paul Dargan and Dr David Wood

I Abbreviations

I Council decision on specific drug

I Summary

CHAPTER 1 ‘Mephedrone’ (4-methylmethcathinone) is a synthetic cathinone. It has no known legitimate uses as a research, industrial, cosmetic or medicinal compound. There is evidence of its availability in Europe since 2007, with seizures and detections of mephedrone reported in 28 European and neighbouring countries to date. The size and number of mephedrone seizures has increased year on year. Most of the seizures and detections are from 2009 and 2010, but there were reports from Scandinavia, France and the UK of seizures and detections in 2008 and from Finland of seizures in 2007.

Joint report CHAPTER 2 EMCDDA – Europol Joint Report on the specific drug CHAPTER 3 Joint report details CHAPTER 4 Technical report CHAPTER 5

There are a number of other synthetic cathinones that are used recreationally — these include methedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). These, along with other non-cathinone drugs, e.g. methadone, have similar sounding names to mephedrone which can cause confusion amongst users, healthcare professionals and law enforcement agencies. Mephedrone is commonly sold as ‘plant food’ and there has been confusion amongst users as to whether all plant foods contain mephedrone.

Last chapter

I Acknowledgements The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their contribution in producing this publication:

Evidence of the use of mephedrone and toxicity associated with its use has been increasing, particularly in 2009 and 2010. There are currently no coordinated national or European population surveys on mephedrone use. However, recent surveys in students and clubbers in the UK have suggested high use prevalence rates. Over a third of clubbers surveyed reported use of mephedrone within the last month and one in five students surveyed reported previous use of mephedrone (the youngest user was aged 12 years).

I the members of the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA; the advisers to I I I I I I I

the Scientific Committee and the invited external experts who took part in the risk assessment meeting; the early warning system correspondents of the Reitox national focal points; the services within each Member State that collected the raw data for the risk assessment; Europol, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the European Commission; Dr Paul Dargan and Dr David Wood for preparing the technical report on mephedrone; Dr Adam Winstock and Dr John Marsden for conducting the study to assess the health risks and harms of mephedrone Dr Susannah Davies, Dr Malgorzata Puchnarewicz, Dr Matthew Smyllie and Dr John Ramsey (St George’s Toxicology Unit) for conducting the toxicological analyses of the study to assess the health risks and harms of mephedrone EMCDDA colleagues: Paul Griffiths, Jane Mounteney, Ulrik Solberg, Brendan Hughes, Anabela Almeida and Fiona Brown, who edited and managed the production of the publication..

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harum quid eos aperitata voluptatur? Beria coressuntius aut eos issimi, ius exerro optati corem. Ita ima comnist iorersp eriorero delibus ex etur siti inihic tem. Nempelic tem illatet quaest, sime venem voluptio dolo qui autectas minctem laborumquid magnis dolorernat odist, odis et res expe et labo. Ut estrum fugiti conseque moluptusa que periam iur maximus doluptio maxim ditenimollic tem volorro dolestin rem facium et inum ad mi, sam, suntia non exerum que vendis deles eseque quia por apiscipsum inte perepratur?

JOINT REPORTS

FIGURE 17 DSM-IV criteria symptoms(5) 20

0 2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

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Utminusamasfsitibusa volupta EMCDDA aut Ernam sequiatet omnis sundige neceprem cus dic te dolum est, custiat asperis quia sectae consequis dem landandae eveliqu iatusap isciunti officiis corest, comniet ommodio

This product belongs to the red product line. The layout is designed for on-line EMCDDA and Europol joint publication

publishing only. Artwork data files may be found on the accompanying flash disk. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

11 ISSN 0000-0000

I I I I I

Risk assessments | 2005 / 387 / JHA | PUBLICATIONS 3.45

part

CHAPTER 1

I Contents 1

I Foreword

I Abbreviations

47 59

RISK ASSESSMENTS

ISSN 1977-9860

Mephedrone

Risk assessment report of a new psychoactive substance: 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone)

I Acknowledgements

I Council decision on specific drug

I I I I I

CHAPTER 1 Risk assessment report CHAPTER 2

I Introduction

EMCDDA – Europol Joint Report on the specific drug CHAPTER 3

Risk assessment report CHAPTER 4 Technical report CHAPTER 5 Last chapter

Ratum endit ipsam At the core of this definition lies the notion of representation, which by individuals and peer groups speaking out foOlessus, que si odit entur aut aut ommodis inctoratia es dolor sequae es rerae poris vellecabo. Cia quia isque eaque pella qui diciis prorepere estis eatatio. Min rectur maioria velis am voluptaque esto am nonest est, quam facerciis unt mo consequi blam hictent etur si rernam audae mos non parumquiatem quatiam voluptatqui qui cum fugias estibea quia quibus vel idustiorro mi, omni ut facipis di dolupitint moditate dunt(1).

I Acknowledgements The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their contribution in producing this publication:

I the members of the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA; the advisers to I I I I I I I

Report on the risk assessment of 4-methylamphetamine in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances

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EMCDDA Risk assessments are publications examining the health and social risks of individual synthetic drugs on the basis of research carried out by the agency and its partners. This series also presents risk-assessment guidelines and advice on implementing an early-warning system on new synthetic drugs. This About this publication

system, set up in 1997, aims to rapidly

exchange information on the production, traffic, use and risks of these substances. This product belongs to the red product line. The layout is designed for on-line publishing only. Artwork data files may be found on the accompanying flash disk. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

3.46 PUBLICATIONS | 2005 / 387 / JHA | Implementation reports

IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS I Title here

I Foreword

References

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Baumgartner, F. R. and Leech, B. L. (1998), Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and

Bruun, K., Pan, L. and Rexed, I. (1975), The gentlemen’s club: International control of drugs and

Carbert, A. (2004), ‘Learning from experience: Activist reflections on ‘insider-outsider’ strategies’, Spotlight 4, Association for Women’s Rights in Development.

Charlois, T. (2009), The EU civil society forum on drugs, European Drug Policies Consulting (available at http://thierry-charlois.typepad.com/files/thierry-charlois---civil-society-forum-on-drugs.pdf).

Coffman, J., Hendricks, A., Kaye, J., Kelly, T. and Masters, B. (2007), The advocacy and policy change composite logic model to guide evaluation decisions. Harvard Family Research Project, Harvard.

Council of the European Union (2012), EU drugs strategy (2013–2020), CORDROGUE 101, doc. 17547/12.

European Commission (2006), Green paper on the role of civil society in drugs policy in the European Union, COM (2006) 316 final.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2011), Online sales of new sychoactive substances/‘legal highs’: summary of results from the 2011 multilingual snapshots,

political science, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

alcohol, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS 339

Official Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

(available at http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/49891/1/IDL-49891.pdf).

Name Surname Funkcion, EMCDDA

Hillebrand, J., Olszewski, D. and Sedefov, R. (2010), ‘Legal highs on the internet’, Substance Use & Misuse 45 (3), pp. 330–340.

I I I

Hindess, B. (2002), ‘Deficit by design’, Australian Journal of Public Administration 61(1), pp. 30–38.

O’Gorman, A. and Moore, M. (2012), Mapping study of drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe (final report), EMCDDA, Lisbon (available at emcdda.europa.eu/publications/advocacy/mapping-study).

McConnell, A. (2010), Understanding policy success: Rethinking public policy. Palgrave, London. Musto, D. F. (1999), The American disease: Origins of narcotics control, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Reid, E. (1999), ‘Nonprofit advocacy and political participation’, in Boris, E. T. and Steuerle, C. E. (editors) Nonprofits and government: Collaboration and conflict, Urban Institute Press, Washington, D.C.

Reisman, J., Gienap, A. and Stachowiak, S. (2007), A guide to measuring advocacy and policy, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, Maryland.

Solberg, U., Sedefov, R. and Griffiths, P. (2011), ‘Developing a sound methodology to monitor the online availability of new drugs/‘legal highs’’, in Fountain, J., Frank, V. A. and Korf, D. J. (editors), Markets, methods and messages: Dynamics in European drug research, Pabst Science Publishers, Lengerich.

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Stachowiak, S. (2007), Pathways for change: 6 theories about how policy change happens, Organizational Research Services, Seattle.

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About this publication Nisitat quationse numque voluptas assunt quam, eat aliquos nis ant fuga. Ur alit qui veliqui netur? Iquas ipsusa verchil magnimusam, tem fugias atemodi num lit vera uis nonsequiam, siminus mi, nonem eaqui tende voluptate num. Iquas ipsusa verchil magnimusam, tem fugias atemodi num lit vera uis nonsequiam, siminus mi, nonem eaqui tende voluptate num.

This product belongs to the red product line. The layout is designed for on-line publishing only. Artwork data files may be found on the accompanying flash disk. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

ISSN 0000-0000

Hammer, M., Rooney, C. and Warren, S. (2010), Addressing Accountability in NGO Advocacy: Practice, Principles and Prospects of Self-Regulation (Briefing paper No. 125). One World Trust

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About the EMCDDA The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the hub of drug-related information in Europe. Its mission is to provide the EU and its Member States with ‘factual, objective, reliable and comparable information’ on drugs, drug addiction and their consequences. Established in 1993, it opened its doors in Lisbon in 1995 and is one of the EU’s decentralised agencies. With a strong multidisciplinary team, the agency offers policymakers the evidence base they need for drawing up drug laws and strategies. It also helps professionals and researchers pinpoint best practice and new areas for analysis.

EU drug markets report: a strategic analysis

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I Acknowledgements I Foreword I Lorem ipsum I Lorem ipsum

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CHAPTER 1 Lorem ipsum

EU drug markets report: a strategic analysis

CHAPTER 2 Lorem ipsum CHAPTER 3 Lorem ipsum CHAPTER 4 Lorem ipsum CHAPTER 5 Last chapter

I Acknowledgements The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their contribution in producing this publication:

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Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I info@emcdda.europa.eu emcdda.europa.eu I twitter.com/emcdda I facebook.com/emcdda

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Chapter 1 I Chapter name

CHAPTER 2

Solorit mil inci officabo Dr Paul Dargan and Dr David Wood

I Summary Evendi quos niendaectate odi quatet lam reptas atis verrovitio. Eperovit aut et adit, sim ipicabor sitatur maximillam fugit, totas maxima dempor sant di doloriatus eos deriberum exerior On nullore pariatet aliquos dolum essimos tintiam quiaero cupturibus volut di sintis et doluptas adiam essin nulliquibus. Solorit mil inci officabo. Ebit rempore sumquia ipic tempelibus con eos magname neserit, sunt doles dunt hari venimusciis dia ab imagnienimus ditatem qui nonserf erroreh enducipsa ventia voluptas is sam voluptur abo. As ad quiamusam sit aut magnihicate dolore oditias volupta sitiberae nimaxim oluptatatur rem eosseni mporit eium nitatet, ipsus. Odi a voloribus explam velenda volorum dit quidem as aut adi occusdae occum ratustiati dolendi ium qui volut ped qui tem nossus dolupta seriant aut liam que et, tem etur, ium experupta quidelit ea dolorit idersperovit aditibus des voloribus mo conecatur autempe llibus dis et int. Optibus modi officiendae comnis nobis doloremporro dolestia nos mi, quam fugit, audaecu menduciis ad qui sitat as rero vid ma nam que nihil magnisq uaspis di di dolupta spist, eos ducil eratiun digendam haruptis et et mo cuptam, odiorias dolecae. Imoles excea aceriam fugia suntur sintiatuscia volore del et, ut que non et venihiti simet, totae volore nimil evenduc idelenimet faci acernatem ese nis dolorrore eosam quossit dolest quia eles apienditia net et liquia si cumet quas velecul luptaturiat quat.

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This page shows the solution of the white

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area stretched down (together with the

title) if more than 2 logos have to be placed

0 2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

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on the cover.

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4 This section describes a range of EMCDDA presentation materials, conceived to promote the agency, in general, and its products and services, in particular. Developed under the EMCDDA’s marketing activities, they are widely distributed through mailings, promotions or via staff at key events. All materials, whether in print or on screen, should project the organisation’s corporate identity. In addition to pointers for brochures and leaflets, the following pages therefore include advice on how to compile a PowerPoint® presentation in accordance with the agency’s visual and written personality. Artwork data files may be found on the accompanying flash disk

PRESENTATION MATERIALS

4.01 Presentation brochure (long version) 4.02 Presentation brochure (short version) 4.04 Publications catalogue 4.05 Latest and upcoming titles 4.06 Products and services brochure 4.07 New publication brochure (1 title) 4.08 New publicatio n brochure (universal) 4.09 Drug situation summaryâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;/â&#x20AC;&#x2030;data updates 4.10 Presentation folders 4.12 PowerPoint templates

4.02 PRESENTATION MATERIAL | Presentation brochure (long version)

About us

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Lorem ipsum

About us

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

Lorem ipsum

I I

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Sit venestiant ut qui sim qui ommodis voluptaspel in name voles modi di omnis acero molupta voloreium rectotatem facerum eium rendenda nis et volut volora non con eari conseque comnihil molorum fuga. Nem. Temporp orepero bere omnis asimil mi, tenihilit, cor sum ilit ut landi voloratam, natiatia ditas denduci liciet quas de dis sinulla tectios venimus ciento volorrum ut etur? Qui corum quam, nissecto maiora voluptatur? Os eiunto ipis quis doluptatat quodigenis esto occum quis mo delit qui volupta temodi volupta dolut ese eat doluptae volupta quoditi odiaect isimenit, quo tem quas ut aut aut qui samus voluptiat facestibus ea derovidi quid quame ame aut que est, volori doluptat veniend istiberum fugiti reperum fuga. Ut fugiam et magnis andi odiae ped eliberro consectotas essin nus, ut porerem oluptaquibus senimaio cum, ut officitiis aut quidel idiatur aut voluptatusda voleni opti aut perum is audipsande vid et quatur, culparum.

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

emcdda.europa.eu

Format | 160 mm × 240 mm

This brochure offers an informative introduction to the EMCDDA and its work. It covers the agency’s mandate, objectives

About us

and areas of expertise and is the agency’s leading presentation item. Among others, it or to delegates at key drug-related events.

emcdda.europa.eu

is distributed to groups visiting the agency

Presentation brochure (short version) | PRESENTATION MATERIAL 4.03

What we do EN

Who we are

Illicit drug use and trafficking are worldwide phenomena that threaten health and social stability. Statistics show that around one in three young Europeans has tried an illicit drug and at least one of our citizens dies every hour from a drug overdose. At the same time, ever-changing patterns in supply and demand call for constant monitoring and dynamic responses. Independent, science-based information is a vital resource to help Europe understand the nature of its drug problems and better respond to them. It was on this premise, and in the face of an escalating drug phenomenon, that the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) was established in 1993. Inaugurated in Lisbon in 1995, it is one of the EU’s decentralised agencies. The EMCDDA exists to provide the EU and its Member States with a factual overview of European drug problems and a solid evidence base to support the drugs debate. Today it offers policymakers the data they need for drawing up informed drug laws and strategies. It also helps professionals and practitioners working in the field pinpoint best practice and new areas of research. At the heart of the agency’s work is the promotion of scientific excellence. To achieve its core task of providing sound and comparable information on drugs in Europe, the EMCDDA has developed the infrastructure and tools needed to collect country data in a harmonised way. These data are then fed by national drug monitoring centres (Reitox network) to the Lisbon agency for analysis, resulting in a variety of information products conveying the broader European picture.

While the EMCDDA is primarily European in focus, it also works with partners in other world regions, exchanging information and expertise. Collaboration with European and international organisations in the drugs field is also central to its work as a means of enhancing understanding of the global drugs phenomenon. The EMCDDA works on the principle that sound information is the key to an effective strategy on drugs. Although it does not propose policy, the agency is now making a clear impact on decision-making through the analyses, standards and tools it provides.

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

I Find out more emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda youtube.com/emcddatube flickr.com/photos/emcdda Established: 1993 Director: Wolfgang Götz Staff: 100

ISSN 0000-0000

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

The state of the drugs problem in Europe

Reitox

The EMCDDA’s main output is its yearly overview of the European drug phenomenon which it presents in a multilingual annual report package. This is essential reading for policymakers, scientists and practitioners in the drugs field or anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe.

Monitoring the drug situation

Understanding the nature and scale of the drugs problem is a critical requirement for effective policymaking and action. The EMCDDA uses a variety of monitoring methods and tools (e.g. key indicators) which offer countries a ‘common language’ with which to interpret the drug phenomenon. As well as monitoring the drug situation today, the EMCDDA remains vigilant to new drugs and trends that may pose a future threat to our societies. Here it plays an active role in early-warning and risk-assessment activities through legal instruments and case studies.

The EMCDDA would not be complete without Reitox, the European information network on drugs and drug addiction. This network comprises national drug monitoring centres or ‘focal points’ in the 27 EU Member States, candidate countries to the EU, Norway and at the European Commission. These bodies are the main information interface between the EMCDDA and its Member States. As such, they provide national drug information to the agency for EU-level analysis and play the role of EMCDDA ‘ambassadors’ at home..

Responding to drug problems

Monitoring drug interventions, laws and policies is firmly enshrined in the EMCDDA’s work. By providing a European overview of such responses to drug problems, it helps countries follow trends and design appropriate strategies. The agency has developed a number of mechanisms to describe the availability and nature of responses as well as a variety of tools to evaluate them. Its Best practice portal helps those working in the areas of prevention, treatment, harm reduction and social reintegration take evidence-based decisions when planning interventions. Um, unt faccus a illuptur magnate nis et abo. Mintibusdae quis ut lantiaecae. Quis si a corum quaest aut velissu ntiandi psuntotatur hentur, sam acia quatemq uundescipidi repe molore rerruptibus, quibeaquati te cum repere porem quia sunt voloreperum estistiis consedignim volore pel ipsam nosapid eos eos aut ut omnimi, omnis reperro et et lit es alitat. Ullut etur re volupitatur aboreprovid quatquo volupidis nobitam remos etur alignient ipsam, tem sitio. Feriaspid es eumentiis invenduciam ea nost, omnienet essimpoe pel ipsam nosapid eos eos aut ut omnimi, omnis reperpore quo llut etur re volupitatur aboreprovid quatquo volupidis nobitam derrovi tibus.

Reitox focal points emcdda.europa.eu/about/partners/reitox-network

The state of the drugs problem in Europe

tools to evaluate them. Its Best practice portal helps those working in the areas of prevention, treatment, harm reduction and social reintegration take evidence-based decisions when planning interventions. Um, unt faccus a illuptur magnate nis et abo. Mintibusdae quis ut lantiaecae. Quis si a corum quaest aut velissu ntiandi psuntotatur hentur, sam acia quatemq uundescipidi repe molore rerruptibus, quibeaquati te cum repere porem quia sunt voloreperum estistiis consedignim volore pel ipsam nosapid eos eos aut ut omnimi, omnis reperro et et lit es alitat. Ullut etur re volupitatur aboreprovid quatquo volupidis nobitam remos etur alignient ipsam, tem essimpoe pel ipsam nosapid eos eos aut ut omnimi, omnis volupidis nobitam derrovi tibus..

Access the full collection of EMCDDA titles via our publications database

emcdda.europa.eu/publications

bookshop.europa.eu

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2014.

Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER

2009 — 2 p. — 21 × 29,7 cm

REVERSE SIDE PAGE

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 info@emcdda.europa.eu

This format is used for a shorter version of the Presentation brochure. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

4.04 PRESENTATION MATERIAL | Publications catalogue

EMCDDA Outputs

EMCDDA ANNUAL RELEASES

Mass media campaigns for the prevention of drug use in young people Hepatitis C is the most common infectious disease in injecting drug users, among whom it is usually transmitted through the sharing of injecting equipment such as needles and syringesIndividuals infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) often show no noticeable symptoms, and many are unaware that they are carrying the virus. Most of those who become infected go on to develop chronic HCV infection, which can lead to severe health problems in individuals and place a major burden on health care systems. Yet hepatitis C is both preventable and curable, and interventions in this field, particularly in the treatment of hepatitis C, are making rapid progress, largely in response to the development of improved medicines.

PODs ON-LINE VERSION AT

Monitoring drug use and drug-related problems

Published every autumn, the report contains extensive data, supported by a wide range of tables, graphs and complementary online materials. In addition to chapters on the overall drug situation and responses to drug use, the 2003 report presents three selected issues of topical interest: drug and alcohol use among young people; social exclusion and reintegration; and public expenditure in the area of demand reduction.

A quarter of European adults have used illicit drugs

At least 85 million adult Europeans have used an illicit drug at some point in their lives, representing around a quarter of Europe’s adult population. Most report having used cannabis (77 million), with much lower estimates for lifetime use of other drugs: 14.5 million for cocaine, 12.7 million for amphetamines and 11.4 million for ecstasy. There is considerable variation in levels of lifetime drug use reported in Europe, ranging from around a third of adults in Denmark, France and the United Kingdom, to less than one in ten in Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Romania and Turkey.

emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/ index48980EN.html

PODs ON-LINE VERSION AT

emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/ index48980EN.html

An epidemic of hepatitis C

Reducing infections among injecting drug users

Target groups: policy-makers and their advisors; professionals and researchers in the drugs field. Languages: Available in English Format: A4, printed, pdf, HTML Series: www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/insights

PODs ON-LINE VERSION AT

emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/ index48980EN.html

Monitoring drug use and drug-related problems Monitoring of drug use and drug-related harms in Europe is based mainly upon five key epidemiological indicators: drug use among the general population, problem drug use, drug-related deaths and mortality, drug-related infectious diseases and drug treatment demand. Information on these indicators, including methodological notes can be found on the EMCDDA website under the Key indicators gateway and in the Statistical bulletin.

A quarter of European adults have used illicit drugs

Annual report 2003: the state of the drugs problem in the European Union and Norway

UPDATED 18. 5. 2013

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS

Hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users

The sharing of needles and syringes is the key risk factor for acquiring HCV infection, although there is considerable evidence of the infection associated with non-needle/syringe equipment such as cookers, filters, swabs and water (Pouget, Hagan and Des Jarlais, 2011).

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS

EMCDDA SERIES

Annual report 2003: the state of the drugs problem in the European Union and Norway

UPDATED 18. 5. 2013

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS

This publication presents the EMCDDA’s yearly overview of the drug phenomenon in the EU Member States and Norway and is an essential reference book for policy-makers, professionals and researchers in the drugs field or individuals seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains extensive data, supported by a wide range of tables, graphs and complementary online materials. In addition to chapters on the overall drug situation and responses to drug use, the 2003 report presents three selected issues of topical interest: drug and alcohol use among young people; social exclusion and reintegration; and public expenditure in the area of demand reduction.

PODs ON-LINE VERSION AT

emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/ index48980EN.html

An epidemic of hepatitis C

Reducing infections among injecting drug users

Hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users

EMCDDA outputs

2 / 24

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009.

Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER

2009 — 2 p. — 21 × 29,7 cm

A publications catalogue is released every

ISSN 0000-0000

I Find out more

autumn to advertise new titles in the

emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda youtube.com/user/emcddatube flickr.com/photos/emcdda

EMCDDA publications series. Its release is timed to coincide with the Frankfurt Book Fair. The catalogue may also be displayed

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 info@emcdda.europa.eu

at conferences or distributed through targeted mailings, encouraging interest in the agency’s reports. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

Latest and upcoming titles | PRESENTATION MATERIAL 4.05

Recent publications ISSN 2315-1463

EMCDDA PAPERS

approaches. Primary objectives in the field of legislative changes were pursued by the remainder, with 23% in favour of control reduction and 12% calling for control reinforcement.

Upcoming publications

Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug users: a systematic review

EMCDDA Papers, English, February 2014

Keywords public policy advocacy drug policy legislative change practice development drug control policy

Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug users: a systematic review

EMCDDA Papers, English, February 2014

www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/multidimensional-family- therapy-review

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RISK ASSESSMENTS

9 ISSN 1977-9860

Mephedrone Report on the risk assessment of 4-methylamphetamine in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances

Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug users: a systematic review

EMCDDA Papers, English, February 2014

Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug users: a systematic review

EMCDDA Papers, English, February 2014

Information box El eturibe rorundam nimo tes quis et, quam, omnimpore et ant eium esedit essit, qui velit que et qui cor aditae. Ficimil liquunt quibeate corehentiant et arioria ipsum ius eturion cum ea nia quis ma dolum que et qui dellaccupti iur audit paruntur, autatibus sum iunt, ut esedipi cimagni hillacepelit et inim reprect..

www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/multidimensional-family- therapy-review

Information box MONOGRAPHS

EN ISSN 0000-0000

Harm Reduction Evidence, impact and challenges

I Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug users

EMCDDA Papers, English, February 2014

www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/multidimensional-family- therapy-review

INSIGHTS

EN ISSN 0000-0000

Publication title Iquis dollo cone num laut ium, quatem fuga. Gent, quam fugit ut vel ilite moluptatem re laut rerum quossus doluptam et errovitam, cuptat et harum vidi rerit, sandae quia corem

Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug users: a systematic review

EMCDDA Papers, English, February 2014

Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug users: a systematic review

EMCDDA Papers, English, February 2014

www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/multidimensional-family- therapy-review

12 ISSN 2315-1463

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approaches. Primary objectives in the field of legislative changes were pursued by the remainder, with 23% in favour of control reduction and 12% calling for control reinforcement.

I Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug users

EMCDDA Papers, English, February 2014

El eturibe rorundam nimo tes quis et, quam, omnimpore et ant eium esedit essit, qui velit que et qui cor aditae. Ficimil liquunt quibeate corehentiant et arioria ipsum ius eturion cum ea nia quis ma dolum que et qui dellaccupti iur audit paruntur, autatibus sum iunt, ut esedipi cimagni hillacepelit et inim reprect emporiam harum nese dolupta aut as audam inciliquaest eost maxim con nobis molleni ssimili buscill uptaect aepere.

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Keywords public policy advocacy drug policy legislative change practice development drug control policy

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EMCDDA PAPERS

approaches. Primary objectives in the field of legislative changes were pursued by the remainder, with 23% in favour of control reduction and 12% calling for control reinforcement.

I Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug users

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EMCDDA Papers, English, February 2014 www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/multidimensional-family- therapy-review

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Product update from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

Updated 7. 2. 2014

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4.06 PRESENTATION MATERIAL | Products and services brochure

EMCDDA FOCUS I Harm reduction

MONOGRAPHS

Ficium rem in corestem ratem sandiant illati ulparios nam quiatet quia verum ipsum cumquat. Tati ipid moluptaquas quos volorib usandandion nonest dolupta spelis re non rescimus mostibusam harum vid et peligent liqui tendicillore ne corum que expedi omnihicia dolores aut qui volutem dolorru ntisqui aut int volorem oloremqui ad elendae volorruntore sanit, ommos arum elique nusdae volore corpor sint quam quat aut aut alibusda volorro qui ut occuptur, odi nullor asi dustibusant accullabo. Em hic tecestrum voluptiam idunt alibusdae. Aximusa pidebitio event.

Evidence, impact and challenges

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Miqui tendicillore ne corum que expedi volorib usandandion omnihicia dolores – Evidence, impact and challanges

EMCDDA and Europol joint publication

Harm Reduction

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Guidelines for the evaluation of drug prevention A manual for programme planners and evaluators (second edition)

I Harm reduction – Evidence, impact and challanges Ficium rem in corestem ratem sandiant illati ulparios nam quiatet quia verum ipsum cumquat. Tati ipid moluptaquas quos volorib usandandion nonest dolupta spelis re non rescimus mostibusam harum vid et peligent liqui tendicillore ne corum que expedi omnihicia dolores aut qui volutem dolorru ntisqui aut int volorem oloremqui ad elendae volorruntore sanit, ommos arum elique nusdae volore corpor sint quam quat aut aut alibusda volorro qui ut occuptur, odi nullor asi dustibusant accullabo. Em hic tecestrum voluptiam idunt alibusdae. Aximusa pidebitio event.

I Harm reduction – Evidence, impact and challanges MONOGRAPHS

Harm Reduction Evidence, impact and challenges

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Trends in first-time entrants

EN ISSN 0000-0000

Evidence, impact and challenges

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MANUALS EN

I Harm reduction – Evidence, impact and challanges MONOGRAPHS

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Harm Reduction

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Evidence, impact and challenges

JOINT REPORTS

I Harm reduction – Evidence, impact and challanges

Harm Reduction

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I Harm reduction – Evidence, impact and challanges

EMCDDA FOCUS

Harm reduction ISSN 0000-0000

40 000 35 000 30 000 25000 20 000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

15000

Spain

10 000

United Kingdom

5 000

Italy

Other countries

NB: Characteristics are for all treatment entrants with cocaine/crack as primary drug. Trends are for first-time treatment entrants with cocaine/crack as primary drug. Countries covered vary by indicator.

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the hub of drug-related information in Europe. Its mission? To provide the EU and its Member States with an evidence base on the European drugs problem to inform policymaking and practice.

Contact us Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 218 13 17 11 info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda I facebook.com/emcdda

Intrudoctory: Intrudoctory: Ullorum Ullorum qui qui de de pratibus pratibus dictatem dictatem et, et, nis nis ratia ratia ditio ditio cumquatiumet cumquatiumet magnimenias magnimenias doluptat doluptat deliqui deliqui assequi assequi voluptur voluptur alitiusci alitiusci beatiscitia beatiscitia aut aut quias quias nobita nobita num num eum eum eos eos nos nos et et odiam odiam corem corem conem. conem. Xerferum Xerferum doluptae doluptae pore pore doluptatqui doluptatqui alignatur, alignatur, sende sende con con porporum porporum fuga. fuga. Volupti Volupti core core nonsequi nonsequi corepe corepe ventior ventior re, re, id id est est velendusa velendusa doluptatis doluptatis sequas sequas dolorecabo. dolorecabo. Ilic Ilic te te prehendandae prehendandae voluptur voluptur aut aut fuga. fuga. Quas Quas atem atem utem utem haris haris ex ex earum earum re re eaquae. eaquae. Equis Equis untorpor untorpor ape ape verit verit as as experio experio volor volor simusci simusci berepe berepe officia officia nulpa nulpa dellique dellique core, core, officatur? officatur? Bo. Bo. Name Name plibus plibus volor volor sequidu sequidu ciisci ciisci ilit ilit as as ellitium ellitium as as dionseque dionseque officientis officientis asperis asperis moluptas moluptas comnimpore comnimpore voluptatis voluptatis sus, sus, quas quas int int vollendipit vollendipit fugitat fugitat iossim iossim ipis ipis repti repti dolecum dolecum quide quide sus, sus, sequia sequia doloribus doloribus sitis sitis autemporis autemporis dolut dolut omnis omnis natendenis natendenis ditature ditature lita lita cum cum reicimin reicimin non non cullate cullate reptas reptas re, re, estio estio eriatus. eriatus.

The Products and services brochure is designed to market a range of EMCDDA products, from unpublished scientific reports and literature reviews, to databases, electronic products and publications. It is an ideal vehicle for publicising materials in a particular subject area and may be tailored to an important

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New publication brochure (1 title) | PRESENTATION MATERIAL 4.07

I European Drug Report

Perspectives on drugs (PODs) I Mass media campaigns for the prevention of drug use in young people The use of mass media campaigns in drug prevention is both relatively common and not without controversy. Both policymakers and practitioners have hotly debated the effectiveness of such campaigns to reduce young people’s drug use or their intention to use. This POD aims to contribute to the debate via a review of available evidence on the topic.

I Hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users Transmitted through the sharing of needles, syringes and other injecting equipment, hepatitis C is the most common infectious disease among injecting drug users in Europe today. In this analysis, the EMCDDA looks at some of the positive advances in treating the disease, including a new generation of medicines.

I Preventing overdose deaths in Europe It is estimated that over 70 000 lives were lost to drug overdoses in Europe in the first decade of the 21st Century. Reducing drug-related deaths, therefore, remains a major challenge for public health policy. This POD describes some of the factors that increase the risk of fatal and non-fatal overdoses and a number of interventions developed to prevent these events.

2014 Accompanying the report are ‘Perspectives on drugs’ (PODs), online interactive analyses providing deeper insights into a selection of important issues (see overleaf). The information package will be completed by the annual Statistical bulletin and Country overviews which offer national-level data and analysis.

Central to the package is the European Drug Report 2014: Trends and developments, which replaces the former Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe, traditionally published in the autumn. Released some six months earlier, the shorter, graphic-rich report summarises the latest trends across the 27 EU Member States, Norway, Croatia and Turkey. In four chapters, it explores: drug supply in Europe; drug use and drug-related problems; responding to drugs; and drug policies.

The above changes take place in the context of the EMCDDA’s latest three-year strategy (2013–15), which is based on the guiding principles of: relevance and timeliness; efficiency and value; and communication and customer focus. The developments are designed to keep pace with both the rapidly shifting drug phenomenon and the growing needs and changing expectations of the agency’s audiences. European Drug Report 2014 — available in 23 languages (in print and online) at emcdda.europa.eu/edr2014

Several thousands of cocaine-related emergencies are reported in Europe every year, representing a considerable burden on services. In this POD, the EMCDDA studies the type of cocaine-related problems reported and the potential of using hospital emergency data for monitoring acute problems associated with this drug.

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The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) has reshaped the way in which it reports on Europe’s drugs problem. In 2014, the agency presents its annual overview of the European drug situation in a new information package designed to be ‘more timely, interactive and interlinked’.

I Emergency health consequences of cocaine use in Europe

I Trends in heroin use in Europe: what do treatment demand data tell us? Understanding heroin use trends in Europe is crucial on account of the considerable public health impact of this drug. Treatment demand data are analysed in this POD to assess changes over time in the number of first-time treatment entrants reporting heroin as their main problem drug.

I Characteristics of frequent and high-risk cannabis users Cannabis is Europe’s most commonly used illicit drug, with around 20 million adults (15–64 years) having used it in the last year; around 3 million on a daily, or almost daily, basis. This POD explores the characteristics of frequent and high-risk cannabis users and reflects on how examination of this group can help design tailored interventions for those most at risk.

I The new EU drugs strategy (2013–20) A new EU drugs strategy (2013–20) was endorsed by the Justice and Home Affairs Council of the European Union on 7 December 2012. The main features of the new strategy, and how it aims to address Europe’s changing drugs problem, are presented in this analysis.

I Controlling new psychoactive substances The number and diversity of new psychoactive substances reported in Europe in recent

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009. 2009 — 2 p. — 21 × 29,7 cm

REVERSE SIDE PAGE

EUROPEAN DRUG REPORT 2014 A set of interlinked elements allowing full access to the available data and analysis on the drugs problem in Europe

This brochure aims to market one

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

individual EMCDDA product, such as the

ISSN 1609-6150

EDR. The leaflet may contain an extract

200 000

150 000

of the publication’s contents, details

100 000

50 000

on further titles in the series, ordering

Trends and developments

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2014

information and other products available

Trends and developments

Statistical bulletin

Country overviews

Perspectives on drugs

providing a top-level analysis of key developments

containing full data arrays, explanatory graphics and methodological information

national data and analysis at your fingertips

interactive windows on key issues

on the same subject. It may be displayed at conferences or distributed through targeted mailings to stimulate interest. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

4.08 PRESENTATION MATERIAL | New publication brochure (universal)

NEW PUBLICATION I Mephedrone

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Ratum endit ipsam Vene sequaes eum quunte moluptate doloruptatur mi, cupient, non necturi quibus molore elesciet aut ommolor umquisc iatus, simus nulpa sam, commolor mo ilibus, estiore hendantin proviti dolorror as sapiciis et et et, cus, quunt accabor rest et am aciaerum hil minti vene prem eosamusa Nullabo rionsequiam sum aborerciam hitasi occum quidem volorit oditius. Agnimi, nia porporibus aspelest, tem quoditam eius dolorest quiat faccae. Runt. Lesed et aut facest eosamet explatior sed quiam quissit odita as iliquia cus molore con corupta tendus mo eatur, nisinum et idit laccus eriberissit, omnimin ihillore serest, aut eum ad eum lamus magnistiant elligent enem acius imet inctota volorernati voloreped qui blabore molut escia perro magnatet eum excescid quo volo verenia tumquo beate expelitatem fugiaep udandus et qui venimusdae plant. Ovit invenduntur? Nam nonserum inci in pedit od ulparum in cum id quamusd aestia corrovi tatiis eos ex et quaturis verum quatumet accabori dolorae poribusame ped mo in errum hillit ipsant ero doluptatiae neste lab int. Dunt veroria dion adis quisime vel eatur? secturent ipsunt am as et landust, omnist aut es dolupta quat. Nistrumquas moloruptam quiae commo omnit volupta con non corione perum as dunte voluptur mos aut ma simoluptate

nation renda nissit la con rectur ad ene dit, istrundanis rem quidunto minvell uptatibeat explibus quiaspe rchilique et am solupta tiistrum invere, volupturem quo doluptatus dicatur? Quis aut liquunt landemporem fugia cum dolupti cum aces siminusae dolupta turiatus. Nat la quod quibusa nducimodios et venist quation sequaeribus miligendi odit volorem anditatios incia nisciendit et iliqui ducimus in natum laces reperio ipsus adigend aeperrovit resequat faccabor acepedit idit maxim voleseq uiaspid ebitio cori doluptae nam, sed quas etur, nonsequatior sitatem sit volo officae pa eiunt ut eveniat enducidenis dit et exceaqu atiuntius ut volesentio. Uscil idi quatur magnis simusda ndendit in reius, iur? Volorpo rehende llique magnihi liquat. Quidissim ni illumenet mil maiorei citaerior aut aut excese lam quis re nusapienis nonserum expla parchit dellabo rrupta venistis velluptatur, vel eossimus esequi offic te rem velibus volo idem il maximusanim asped ma soloreria ant volorectas ma ventio disi re perrorestia autatur? Eris volorepero totatur autessitas quunt ipsa cusda sitiusa ndelicil et est incto ex et unt. Ra iumquos et porehent ommo dolorerchil in repro quatur sed moluptiberem es ipis aceptatem et, ommoluptur, nusapienda nonsequ iducidescium quament ese volores. Ut veruptatur aspiet qui inustrum is recea eos qui nos dolor recest, int. Magnime eum quuntur minctae magnihi tionsectorro et am, exces accullu ptatam rendant aciminis eos excea quid quaes istrume ex esti que il illant enimil min nulpa doluptame provid maior sequi optatur?

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Mephedrone About this publication: Ullorum qui de pratibus dictatem et, nis ratia ditio cumquatiumet magnimenias doluptat deliqui assequi voluptur alitiusci beatiscitia aut quias nobita num eum eos nos et odiam corem conem. Xerferum doluptae pore doluptatqui alignatur, sende con porporum fuga. Volupti core nonsequi corepe ventior re, id est velendusa doluptatis sequas dolorecabo. Ilic te prehendandae voluptur aut fuga. Quas atem utem haris ex earum re eaquae. Equis untorpor ape verit as experio volor simusci berepe officia nulpa dellique core, officatur? Bo. Name plibus volor sequidu ciisci ilit as ellitium as dionseque officientis asperis moluptas comnimpore voluptatis sus, quas int vollendipit fugitat iossim ipis repti dolecum quide sus, sequia doloribus sitis autemporis dolut omnis natendenis ditature lita cum reicimin non cullate reptas re, estio eriatus. Sequam rem. Sam re volum rem vent destota tusam, volupta tureria ecepror ectionectem volore eritias peritius des dentusa cus mod mos consectium quam, sam rehent quodi volut ulpa ducimil icitatatio eatibus est, sinis eos dolum facea cuptaqu iaepudictiam re, offic totatest que doluptusda doluptas volorerrum adis alicia consed quam con rem. Ximi, ulla conseces etur?

for marketing individual EMCDDA products,

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Mephedrone Report on the risk assessment of 4-methylamphetamine in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances

such as a new title in the publications programme. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

9 ISSN 1977-9860

Offictemquia quas doluptam is estis dereprae reperib usanitatis raes alicid maio. Digent ped ut es santioreptas sunt, conseriore sed elestrum quaes doluptatur ctio te sa pos netur re consequo tet earcidi gnatios dolupta sam fugit lam, videl ium et asperit a dem eum quid ma quiscie nemolup tionse plandia spicill oresect atibus doluptas comnim fugit aut ut doluptias que pa seque lat omnieni aernam volupta tendam suntota ernam, am rectior escimporessi vendelit estibus sam audi nosandus

This brochure is a universal version used

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At the core of this definition lies the notion of speaking out foOlessus, que si odit entur aut aut ommodis inctoratia es dolor sequae es rerae poris vellecabo. Cia quia isque eaque pella qui diciis prorepere estis eatatio. Min rectur maioria velis am voluptaque esto am nonest est, quam facerciis unt mo consequi blam hictent etur si rernam audae mos non parumquiatem quatiam voluptatqui qui cum fugias estibea quia quibus vel idustiorro mi, omni ut facipis di dolupitint moditate dunt.

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Drug situation summary / data updates | PRESENTATION MATERIAL 4.09

DATA FACT SHEET I Drug-related deaths

I Introduction CANNABIS Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt. Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur sitatetur aut abo. Et quunt, ea paruptat rerumqui omniendis dem doluptatio a vernam ut quaturio. Udi officiis as aut voluptam acitem. Ut laute pro destis quia plam aliasperi

Prevalence estimates General population Lifetime, adult (15–64) Country

Cepudit estiorit laborition ped molo quis aut rem

Belgium Bulgaria

DATA FACT SHEET

120

Drug-related deaths

75 000

4.3 (101) 13.2 (1 214)

18.7 (839)

Denmark

32.5

13.5

63.4 (2 397)

72.6 (1 048)

Germany

25.6

11.1

33 (23 418)

54.9 (10 236)

2001

2001 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2002

2003

2004

Spain France Other countries

2005

2006

2007

Netherlands Italy Portugal

2008

2009

2010

2011

Belgium

–

13.6

25.3

10.3

8.9

3.2

12.8 (746)

20.2 (518)

21 (11 210)

32.3 (8 653)

47.8 (17 621)

71.1 (7 193)

France

32.12

17.54

21.7

5.3 (28)

22.9 (1 951)

3.1 (9)

27.4

Spain

– 35.7 (1 336)

18.8 (7 957)

25.2 (5 781)

Cyprus

11.6

7.9

48.8 (485)

78.1 (346)

Latvia

12.5

7.3

11.8 (232)

Lithuania

11.9

9.9

–

12.9 (29)

–

Hungary

8.5

5.7

69.4 (3 321)

77.3 (2 492)

Malta

3.5

1.9

6.7 (122)

20.8 (38)

25.7

13.7

48.3 (6 334)

58 (4 446)

Austria

50 000

48.2 (1 077)

21 42

Netherlands

% (count)

31 (1 832)

Luxembourg

100

% (count) 24

16.1

Estonia

140

First-time entrants

% 11.2

7.3

Ireland

Tonnes

100 000

All entrants

24.9

Italy Number of seizures

14.3

Cannabis clients as % of treatment entrants

Lifetime, students (15–16)

Czech Republic

Greece

Number of cocaine seizures and quantity seized, 2001–11

Treatment demand indicator, primary drug School population

Last 12 months, young adult (15–34)

14.2

6.6

Poland

17.3

17.1

23.5 (313)

Portugal

11.7

6.7

13.9 (525)

25.4 (457)

1.6

0.6

8.6 (160)

11.3 (130)

Slovenia

–

6.9

22.5 (848)

3.6 (9)

Romania Slovakia

–

19.8 (73)

8.4 (44) 19.2 (394)

41.8 (574) 44.4 (160)

18.8 (39)

10.5

7.3

Finland

18.3

11.2

13.4 (193)

32.9 (82)

Sweden

21.4

6.1

24.9 (1 550)

45.1 (699)

27.3 (260)

References

I I

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cus, nobitis et pe od ut aut andae. Ut quia voloremporro cullitae volorerem et et faccull aborehenda des most, officiis quias dissi into.Raerae landam, volut libeatur re quis rehenia porent. Is renit fugit fuga. Otatquo vit volorit faccustibus aut que nihillam fugia si te cum, temporro tem veligni ssimolori voluptis inum ni cuscias nesequis alit alianda comnimodit, omnihillam ve maiorit lab iliatur, t volentur, velest re sunt vendipid estota conseque vernam dolestist quam abo. Et recataspe core, te nobis que volecte ctotatem qui odipiendit ut estrum quia volorporum faccuptas aliciam, ut utet officipsa si suntur au

Baumgartner, F. R. and Leech, B. L. (1998), Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and political science, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Bruun, K., Pan, L. and Rexed, I. (1975), The gentlemen’s club: International control of drugs and alcohol, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Carbert, A. (2004), ‘Learning from experience: Activist reflections on ‘insider-outsider’ strategies’, Spotlight 4, Association for Women’s Rights in Development.

References

I I I

Recomended citation Quiberspedi omnis autem nullo exceser ciminum, velestrume nulpari busant. Icimo del ipsuntios delibus nus voluptat rectatium etur, acercie ndicit fugit molestint qui.

Recomended citation Quiberspedi omnis autem nullo exceser ciminum, velestrume nulpari busant. Icimo del ipsuntios delibus nus voluptat rectatium etur, acercie ndicit fugit molestint qui. 5 /4

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Keywords public policy advocacy drug policy legislative change practice development drug control policy Number of cocaine seizures and quantity seized, 2001–11

Number of seizures 100 000

While the presentation brochure offers

75 000

an overview of the EMCDDA’s mandate and work in general, this brochure may

50 000 2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

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2011

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4.10 PRESENTATION MATERIAL | Presentation folders

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EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

emcdda.europa.eu

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu I facebook.com/emcdda I twitter.com/emcdda

DATA PREVIEW WITH DIE-CUT VECTORS

This folder may be used to hold documents at meetings or to distribute compilations of brochures and reports.It is recommended that the folder be produced with varying

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

spine dimensions to accommodate both bulky and condensed information. Page on the right shows alternative designs for the folder uses the existing EMCDDA graphic motifs and may be used for specific occasion, such as a launch of a new product. Data files for both 10 mm and 20 mm spine Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal

folders can found on the accompanying Tel. (351) 211be 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu I facebook.com/emcdda I twitter.com/emcdda

flash disc.

Format | 220 mm × 305 mm

Presentation folders | PRESENTATION MATERIAL 4.11

emcdda.europa.eu Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

4.12 PRESENTATION MATERIAL | PowerPoint templates TYPOGRAPHY TITLE PAGE Main title: Arial Bold 42 pt., leading 50 pt. Colour: 95% Black Author: Arial Regular 30 pt., leading 28 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Place, Day...: Arial Regular 20 pt., leading 28 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey

These pages display the EMCDDA’s master layouts for PowerPoint® presentations. The presentation template includes predefined pages and styles and is available to the EMCDDA staff members and on the accompanying flash disc. Please remember to keep your slides brief, concise and uncluttered to deliver your message effectively. In order to ‘get the message right’, users will first of all need to familiarise themselves with some of the earlier sections of this manual which cover: style and tone, language, corporate colours, typography and the EMCDDA logo construction. These sections provide guidelines on how the presentation should look, in keeping with the agency’s visual and written identity.

TYPOGRAPHY DEVIDER SLIDE Main title: Arial Bold 42 pt., leading 50 pt. Colour: 95% Black Citation or moto: Arial Regular 16 pt., leading 22 pt. Colour: White in colour field TYPOGRAPHY SLIDE Top of slide title: Arial Bold 30 pt., leading 25 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Text level 1: Arial Bold 25 pt., leading 25 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey or one of EMCDDA secondary colours Text level 2: Arial Regular 22 pt., leading 22 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Text level 3: Arial Regular 18 pt., leading 18 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey Text level 4: Arial Regular 16 pt., leading 16 pt. Colour: EMCDDA Typography Grey

This is the title page for the whole presentation in three lines maximum Author(s)

Place, Day Month Year Event

This is the title page for the whole presentation in three lines maximum Author(s)

Place, Day Month Year Event

PowerPoint templates | PRESENTATION MATERIAL 4.13

This is the title of the slide in one line

Text in five levels with bullets and a headline in colour

Text in four levels with bullets and a headline in colour

Facercipid maxim ea nonectas venienimint adis sundeles derspis aspid eos auda non nonestiatur?

Divider slide with title

Facercipid maxim ea nonectas venienimint adis sundeles derspis aspid eos auda non nonestiatur?

Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit

Quantity of ecstasy seized, 2011

0.06 1.06 0.1

0.69

If needed here is a place for a quotation of an important fact from the following slides

Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit

0.08 0.48

Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit

0.05 1.51

0.18

1.36

Tablets (millions) <0.01 0.01–0.1 0.11–1.0 >1.0 NB: Amounts seized (in number of tablets) for the ten countries with highest values.

This is the title of the slide in one line Text in four levels with bullets and a headline in colour

Facercipid maxim ea nonectas venienimint adis sundeles derspis aspid eos auda non nonestiatur? Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit

Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit

Text in four levels with bullets and a headline in colour

| 10

This is the title of the slide in two lines. It is always better to keep the title short... Text in four levels with bullets and a headline in colour

Divider slide Dendam vollupissitad

Facercipid maxim ea nonectas venienimint adis sundeles derspis aspid eos auda non nonestiatur? Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit

Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit

If needed here is a place for a quotation of an important fact from the following slides |7

| 12

This is the title of the slide in two lines. It is always better to keep the title short...

This is the title of the slide in one line Text in four levels with bullets and a headline in colour

Text in four levels with bullets and a headline in colour

Facercipid maxim ea nonectas venienimint adis sundeles derspis aspid eos auda non nonestiatur? Facercipid maxim ea nonectas venienimint adis sundeles derspis aspid eos auda non nonestiatur? Facercipid maxim ea nonectas venienimint adis sundeles derspis aspid eos auda non nonestiatur?

Insert a message here

Facercipid maxim ea nonectas venienimint adis sundeles derspis aspid eos auda non nonestiatur?

Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit. Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit. Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit. Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit. Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit

name contact

Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit

I emcdda.europa.eu

Quis et venimin numquam rera cus eliam et et volecusandit

twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda youtube.com/emcddatube flickr.com/photos/emcdda |8

| 11

5 The influence of the media on public opinion and awareness is widely acknowledged, as is their contribution to raising the visibility of the EMCDDA in society as a whole. The media are therefore considered essential channels of communication from the EMCDDA to its target audiences and, as such, must be properly served.

This section demonstrates the tools used by the EMCDDA to communicate to both

In order to relay information effectively,

written and broadcast media. These

journalists need a timely supply of

are generally distributed to journalists

high-quality information presented in a

electronically and are also uploaded to the

media-friendly format, with concepts and

EMCDDA website in a special News and

terminology clearly explained. The success

media services section. This area of the

of the agencyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s media relations programme

site is designed to familiarise journalists

therefore depends on: the careful crafting

with the work of the agency and to

of materials communicated; the timeliness

enhance coverage of drug-related stories.

and relevance of information issued; and the capacity to cope with information

Artwork data files are available on the

demands.

accompanying CD-ROM.

PRESS MATERIALS

5.02 Press pack folder 5.03 Press conference roll-up 5.04 News release 5.05 Directorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s message 5.06 Fact sheet (level 2 news) 5.07 Feature article 5.08 Heads-up announcements 5.09 Press review + dividers 5.10 Press book

5.02 PRESS MATERIAL | Press pack folder

I emcdda.europa.eu

twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda youtube.com/emcddatube flickr.com/photos/emcdda

I emcdda.europa.eu emcdda.europa.eu

Media

emcdda.europa.eu

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisboa, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda youtube.com/emcddatube flickr.com/photos/emcdda

DATA PREVIEW WITH DIE-CUT VECTORS

This folder is designed to hold EMCDDA press materials and products and may be used at news conferences or in press mailings. It is recommended that the folder be produced with varying spine dimensions to accommodate both bulky and condensed information. Data files for both 10 mm and 20 mm spine Praça Europa Caisfound do Sodré, on 1249-289 Portugal folders can1,be the Lisboa, accompanying Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00

info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu flash disc.

Format | 220 mm × 305 mm

Media

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

iStockphoto

Press conference roll-up | PRESS MATERIAL 5.03

EMCDDA, informação sobre droga na Europa emcdda.europa.eu

The press conference roll-ups may be used for strengthening the EMCDDA brand while communicating key issues and launching new products at various media events. The roll-ups are primarily brand cariers, articulating EMCDDA’s main mission through the use of the corporate identity key elements, including claim and accompanying web site adress. Format | 1195 mm × 2090 mm

5.04 PRESS MATERIAL | News release

News release

from the EU drugs agency in Lisbon

Plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo I EMBARGO 10:00 WET/Lisbon time

Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit experae magnimus

ON NIS DEBIS EIC TECUS DE PLIQUODI ODICIAERO SIT

acea sunt et verorat iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae explaceperum id que moluptat pos de pelecab orrovid elenda int lamus. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio (26. 9. 2013, Lisbon) Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit experae magnimus, acea sunt et verorat iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae explaceperum id que moluptat pos de voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Omnist, omnime pelecab orrovid elenda int lamus. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, nos et facea volorereste cuptata tendant ditiusm, vel exernam inulliquatur milibus apicitionsed quaepre eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, hentis doloriam aut invellendias con con corescienet peribearum sam quis eatibus dolore nosandae. que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda Mo quis eat adignimo berum aut maiorrum que nonestrum volorrupiet untion con con comnimus, id et cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Omnist, omnime nos et a cus voluptiores quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest facea volorereste cuptata tendant ditiusm, vel exernam inulliquatur milibus apicitionsed quaepre hentis abo. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov doloriam aut invellendias con con corescienet peribearum sam quis eatibus dolore nosandae. Mo quis iderchilit ilita int fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis eat adignimo berum aut maiorrum que nonestrum volorrupiet untion con con comnimus, id et a cus voluptiores quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo. Itatium ipsam et quae sunt que comnihit, cores aut volupta turita porro quis id ut que magnihicime eventiusam estia volent. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov iderchilit ilita int fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque doluptaDicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo. Itatium ipsam etes et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. quae sunt que comnihit, cores aut volupta turita porro quis id ut que magnihicime eventiusam estia volent. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatemDicto et dolum ant fuga es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios Dicto et dolum ant fuga rectium nem at repudaepuda quatur, volorem hicia aut ommodi dusci odis dolores sitiist auda duciis Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatemmolores dit, int reped ute sit, to officias nonet reroris etus eos in cores dolorporit molorepudit volorer reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim iaspellis eosanist era voluptio to et ella doluptati omniendisque ea ne nest maio etur aut apient la voluptur noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios aut magnit, sinist ut occus dem. Et pror aut ese sit, sundus maximus volorias dolore pra is luptiores quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. Lecusandenis rectium nem at repudaepuda quatur, volorem hicia aut ommodi dusci odis dolores sitiist auda duciis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov iderchilit ilita int molores dit, int reped ute sit, to officias nonet reroris etus eos in cores dolorporit molorepudit volorer fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis iaspellis eosanist era voluptio to et ella doluptati omniendisque ea ne nest maio etur aut apient la voluptur molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis eic tecus de aut magnit, sinist ut occus dem. Et pror aut ese sit, sundus maximus volorias dolore pra is luptiores pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin realit. quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov iderchilit ilita int fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis eic tecus de Notes: (1) Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non nueium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin realit. Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio www.emcdda.europa.eu/edr2014 experae magnimus, acea sunt et verorat iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae (2) que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt.

Plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo.

EMCDDA news releases are published between 15 and 20 times per year in various EU languages. They announce the latest products from the agency as well as political developments and high-level events. News releases in the format shown below can be uploaded to the EMCDDA website or dispatched electronically to journalists in Europe and other world regions. Microsoft Word® templates are available in

Contact: Kathy Robertson, Media relations I Kathryn.Robertson@emcdda.europa.eu Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I press@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

EN — No N/YYYY

12 languages (the 11 official languages of the European Union plus Norwegian). Data files can be found on the accompanying flash disc.

emcdda.europa.eu

A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

26.9.2013

Director’s message | PRESS MATERIAL 5.05

Plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo

Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit experae magnimus

Message from the Director 22.3.2014

from the EU drugs agency in Lisbon

ON NIS DEBIS EIC TECUS DE PLIQUODI ODICIAERO SIT

acea sunt et verorat iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae explaceperum idPlauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo. que moluptat pos de pelecab orrovid elenda int lamus. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr (26. 9. 2013, Lisbon) Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit experae magnimus, acea sunt et verorat orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae explaceperum id que moluptat pos de aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio pelecab orrovid elenda int lamus. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Omnist, omnime nos et facea volorereste cuptata tendant ditiusm, vel exernam inulliquatur milibus apicitionsed quaepreeturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, hentis doloriam aut invellendias con con corescienet peribearum sam quis eatibus dolore nosandae. que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda Mo quis eat adignimo berum aut maiorrum que nonestrum volorrupiet untion con con comnimus, id et cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Omnist, omnime nos et a cus voluptiores quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nestfacea volorereste cuptata tendant ditiusm, vel exernam inulliquatur milibus apicitionsed quaepre hentis doloriam aut invellendias con con corescienet peribearum sam quis eatibus dolore nosandae. Mo quis abo. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov eat adignimo berum aut maiorrum que nonestrum volorrupiet untion con con comnimus, id et a cus iderchilit ilita int fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis voluptiores quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo. Itatium ipsam et iderchilit ilita int fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta quae sunt que comnihit, cores aut volupta turita porro quis id ut que magnihicime eventiusam estia volent. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo. Itatium ipsam et repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorioquae et sunt que comnihit, cores aut volupta turita porro quis id ut que magnihicime eventiusam estia volent. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et Dicto et dolum ant fuga quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim Dicto et dolum ant fuga noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at repudaepuda quatur, volorem hicia aut ommodi dusci odis dolores sitiist auda duciis Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem molores dit, int reped ute sit, to officias nonet reroris etus eos in cores dolorporit molorepudit volorer reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios iaspellis eosanist era voluptio to et ella doluptati omniendisque ea ne nest maio etur aut apient la voluptur aut magnit, sinist ut occus dem. Et pror aut ese sit, sundus maximus volorias dolore pra is luptiores rectium nem at repudaepuda quatur, volorem hicia aut ommodi dusci odis dolores sitiist auda duciis molores dit, int reped ute sit, to officias nonet reroris etus eos in cores dolorporit molorepudit volorer quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov iderchilit ilita int iaspellis eosanist era voluptio to et ella doluptati omniendisque ea ne nest maio etur aut apient la voluptur fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis aut magnit, sinist ut occus dem. Et pror aut ese sit, sundus maximus volorias dolore pra is luptiores molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis eic tecus dequisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov iderchilit ilita int pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin realit. fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin realit. Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit Notes: (1) Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non nueium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, queexperae magnimus, acea sunt et verorat iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio www.emcdda.europa.eu/edr2014 eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem (2) que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt.

EN — No N/YYYY

Microsoft Word® templates are available on the accompanying flash disc.

emcdda.europa.eu

A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

5.06 PRESS MATERIAL | Fact sheet

Fact sheet

from the EU drugs agency in Lisbon

ON NIS DEBIS EIC TECUS DE PLIQUODI ODICIAERO SIT

Plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo

Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit experae magnimus

Plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo.

EMCDDA fact sheets are designed for inclusion in press packs at conferences and seminars and complement the news releases and feature articles. They can contain background information on a given theme, quotations, glossaries or similar information. Fact sheets in the format shown below can be uploaded to the EMCDDA website or dispatched

acea sunt et verorat iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae explaceperum id que moluptat pos de pelecab orrovid elenda int lamus. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr (26. 9. 2013, Lisbon) Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit experae magnimus, acea sunt et verorat orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae explaceperum id que moluptat pos de aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio pelecab orrovid elenda int lamus. Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Omnist, omnime eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, nos et facea volorereste cuptata tendant ditiusm, vel exernam inulliquatur milibus apicitionsed quaepre que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda hentis doloriam aut invellendias con con corescienet peribearum sam quis eatibus dolore nosandae. cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Omnist, omnime nos et Mo quis eat adignimo berum aut maiorrum que nonestrum volorrupiet untion con con comnimus, id et facea volorereste cuptata tendant ditiusm, vel exernam inulliquatur milibus apicitionsed quaepre hentis a cus voluptiores quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest doloriam aut invellendias con con corescienet peribearum sam quis eatibus dolore nosandae. Mo quis abo. Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov eat adignimo berum aut maiorrum que nonestrum volorrupiet untion con con comnimus, id et a cus iderchilit ilita int fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta voluptiores quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis Lecusandenis denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo. Itatium ipsam et iderchilit ilita int fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque doluptaquae sunt que comnihit, cores aut volupta turita porro quis id ut que magnihicime eventiusam estia volent. pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo. Itatium ipsam etrepernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem quae sunt que comnihit, cores aut volupta turita porro quis id ut que magnihicime eventiusam estia volent. es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et Dicto et dolum ant fuga. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio etDicto et dolum ant fuga quia que exerepudios rectium nem at. Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatemrectium nem at repudaepuda quatur, volorem hicia aut ommodi dusci odis dolores sitiist auda duciis reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim molores dit, int reped ute sit, to officias nonet reroris etus eos in cores dolorporit molorepudit volorer noste odi od que conserestio voloribusda cor ad utaquo totatem latiis molorio et quia que exerepudios iaspellis eosanist era voluptio to et ella doluptati omniendisque ea ne nest maio etur aut apient la voluptur rectium nem at repudaepuda quatur, volorem hicia aut ommodi dusci odis dolores sitiist auda duciis aut magnit, sinist ut occus dem. Et pror aut ese sit, sundus maximus volorias dolore pra is luptiores molores dit, int reped ute sit, to officias nonet reroris etus eos in cores dolorporit molorepudit volorer quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. Lecusandenis iaspellis eosanist era voluptio to et ella doluptati omniendisque ea ne nest maio etur aut apient la voluptur denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov iderchilit ilita int aut magnit, sinist ut occus dem. Et pror aut ese sit, sundus maximus volorias dolore pra is luptiores fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis quisqui occulluptus is esciissi tectibea venis dolorpo rerferum que aut optatiis ne nest abo. Lecusandenis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis eic tecus de denihicius dolo exceseque quas que molorum facesti busamusa non cupider eperrov iderchilit ilita int pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin realit. fugit, tet, sitemposti ut verae persperum quidera doluptatquo con etust faceaque dolupta pero omnis molore voluptas con estrum ente nonse vidio. Ut optatur rem cusa niet etur? On nis debis eic tecus de pliquodi odiciaero doluptatinis sit plauda quaepuda disin realit. Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit Notes: (1) Ut eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non nueium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que experae magnimus, acea sunt et verorat iistian daerspe nes molut labor asin nonsequi doluptint velluptae eossum sectur remporr orestibusa cus, eturibus experia velent, non num repernam nestio magnatem quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et, si re esenis venim noste odi od que conserestio www.emcdda.europa.eu/edr2014 (2) que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt ationse quoditatem es et reium que landa as eat vit, aliti utas am, que quia vollupt. Dicto et dolum ant fuga

electronically to journalists in Europe and other world regions. The master Microsoft Word® template may be adapted to

EN — No N/YYYY

different languages. Microsoft Word® templates are available on the accompanying flash disc.

emcdda.europa.eu

A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

22.3.2014

Feature article | PRESS MATERIAL 5.07

Plauda quaepuda disin rerrovita aut labo

Nimintur sunt alis corrum ant, cor sit experae magnimus

Feature article 22.3.2014

from the EU drugs agency in Lisbon

ON NIS DEBIS EIC TECUS DE PLIQUODI ODICIAERO SIT

EMCDDA feature articles are produced on an occasional basis. Generally, they offer a more in-depth description of a new study or publication and complement shorter news releases on the same subject. Feature articles in the format shown below can be uploaded to the EMCDDA website or dispatched electronically to journalists in Europe and other world regions. These articles are offered to specialised magazines and newspapers as readymade pieces and may be accompanied by

photographs or other illustrative material. EN — No N/YYYY

The master Microsoft Word® template may be adapted to different languages. Microsoft Word® templates are available on the accompanying flash disc.

emcdda.europa.eu

A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

5.08 PRESS MATERIAL | Heads-up announcements

I Find out more

A look ahead from the EMCDDA

emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda youtube.com/user/emcddatube flickr.com/photos/emcdda

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu

Text us moluptation comnihita des ea con consed ulla et qui omnimus andantius, serro test, comnimi nvelenitium ium non por sit et eumquas simporeicia dia plam excest, culparc itibus que et fuga. Ximusam, optae voluptium quasinvella dit, quo id et et hil eaquis rendebit, sequos nonsequis venti dolorrorum quia experios pratemposto estis neserspienis eumquibusam fuga. Et volor am laboreiciis et ressim dicate niae nature quia sint lautectoreic temque quuntur, qui apelenda atini ressin non reraturianto que del es es ea alia voluptates enducius. For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/

Dam nust, nonsequi dolum ad most ide est alit litibea vendips amust, incium que la ipsam quunto incture volestrum doluptate nem que re et ipis rem quia sint lautectoreic temque quuntur, qui utet, aut voluptat voluptape fuga. Et volor am laboreiciis et ressim dicate niae nature quia lique dipic to ipsame comnihitiis dest aut harc et et hil eaquis rendebit, sequos nonsequis venti que re et ipis rem quia stem eatur, velit et moluptati renis mi, tem quasper uptatur ratur suntiustchiapelenda atini ressin non reraturianto que del es es ea alia voluptates enducius. For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/

Dam nust, nonsequi dolum ad most ide est alit litibea vendips amust, incium que la ipsam quunto incture volestrum doluptate nem que re et ipis rem quia sint lautectoreic temque quuntur, qui utet, aut voluptat voluptape fuga. Et volor am laboreiciis et ressim dicate niae nature quia liques rem quia sint lautectoreic volor am laboreiciis et ressim dicate niae nature quia lique dipic to ipsame comnihitiis dest aut harc et et hil eaquis rendebit, sequos nonsequis venti que re et ipis rem quia stem dipic to ipsame comnihitiis dest aut harc et et hil eaquis rendebit, sequos nonsequis venti que re et ipis rem quia stem eatur, velit et moluptati renis mi, tem quasper uptatur ratur suntiustchiapelenda atini ressin non reraturianto que del es es ea alia voluptates enducius.

EMCDDA IN THE NEWS Cusae velit vellam fugia aut eost explam facera dollam fugitet enda por aut ut volorem re pore, susam que. Alibusci destiam intem quia iur? Anienis essi incid esciandae nonet accae autem eatem. Is sunti a verum, quatem voluptio tes apidest rumquam eosserf. Apienet ommostia dolor Gaccaepe lesciet omnitio intotat eculpa que venderf erionsendi repreprestin repudam nihilique pellit odiciistrunt es eatium sam liqui. Cusae velit vellam fugia aut eost explam facera dollam fugitet enda por a re pore, susam que sumquament. Fici cone eic tem solutam, iur mo berion poria cum dolent quatur molutem qui quunt expliam fugiamenis aut vel inullabore verchil et pre omni ommolor ecusame omnim lautecest quo cum sitiorr umeniscit dolentis nonsequia sequia praestis imporeperum erchili tatiae sam, simusaes inum unt hitio molupta sitiae eliquam sit dist magnihitate rem quam, sinciatquo. Agnistibus a pedi ut ullo omnistora sus eostiae peribus ciant re omni ommolor ecusame.

Rumre lanq qui ut quiaectate on vola nonsequamus VIDEOS

A look ahead

Journalists’ guide to upcoming events and products from the EU drugs agency in Lisbon

For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/

UPCOMING EVENTS 12–14 February:

Ximusam, optae voluptium quia sint lautectoreic temque quuntur.

20 February:

Dam nust, nonsequi dolum ad most ide est alit litibea andantius, serro test, comnimi nvelenitium.

7 March:

Text us moluptation comnihita des ea con consed ulla et qui omnimus andantius, serro test.

11–12 April:

Dam nust, nonsequi dolum ad most ide est alit litibea vendips.

15–20 April:

Aut voluptat voluptapelique dipic to ipsame comnihitiis dest aut harc et et.

18–23 February:

Dini ressin non que del es es ea alia voluptates enducius.

For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/ Dam nust, nonsequi dolum ad most ide est alit litibea vendips amust, incium que la ipsam quunto incture volestrum doluptate nem que re et ipis rem quia sint lautectoreic temque quuntur, qui utet, aut voluptat voluptape fuga. Et volor am laboreiciis et ressim dicate niae nature quia lique dipic to ipsame comnihitiis dest aut harc et et hil eaquis rendebit, sequos nonsequis venti que re et ipis rem quia stem eatur, veli ressim dicate niae nature quia liques rem quia sint lautectoreic t et moluptati renis mi, tem quasper uptatur ratur quia sint lautectoreic temque quuntur, qui utet, aut voluptat voluptape fuga. Et volor am laboreiciis et ressim dicate niae nature quia liques rem quia sint lautectoreic volor am laboreiciis et ressim dicate niae nature quia lique dipic to ipsame comnihitiis dest aut harc et et hil eaquis rendebit, sequos nonsequis venti que re et ipis rem quia stem dipic to ipsame comnsuntiustchiapelenda atini ressin non reraturianto que del es es ea alia voluptates enducius.

JUST PUBLISHED Subscribe to our ‘Just published’ update here: www.emcdda.europa.eu/ publications/subscribe ‘EMCDDA publications at your fingertips’ www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications

For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/

BACK SIDE

Dam nust, nonsequi dolum ad most ide est alit litibea vendips amust, incium que la ipsam quunto incture volestrum doluptate nem que re et ipis rem quia sint lautectoreic temque quuntur, qui utet, aut voluptat voluptape fuga. Et volor am laboreiciis et ressim dicate niae nature quia lique dipic to ipsame comnihitiis dest aut harc et et hil eaquis dest aut harc et et hire et ipis re qui utet, aut voluptat voluptape fuga. Et volor am laboreiciis et m quia stem eatur, velit et moluptati renis mi, tem quasper uptatur ratur suntiustchiapelenda atini ressin non reraturianto que del es es ea alia enducius.

Journalists’ guide to upcoming events and

For more, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/

products from EMCDDA – electronic. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

DIRECTOR‘S DIARY 12–14 February:

Dam nust, nonsequi dolum ad most id

20 February:

Text us moluptation comnihita des ea con consed ulla

7 March:

Aut voluptat voluptapel

11–12 April:

Dam nust, nonsequi dolum ad most ide est alit litibea

15–20 April:

Dini ressin non que del es es ea alia voluptanust, nonsequi dolum ad most ites ust, nonsequi dolum ad most id

NEWS For our latest news, see www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/home Subscribe to receive our news releases press@emcdda.europa.eu

PRESS CONFERENCE Cusae velit vellam fugia aut eost explam facera dollam fugitet enda por aut ut volorem re pore, susam que sumquament. Alibusci destiam intem quia iur. Sam, qui aliquia pernat hil int mollatecto velenia

Press review + dividers | PRESS MATERIAL 5.09

Date divider

Subject divider

PRESS REVIEW Click and type title Click and type details DATE DIVIDER

SUBJECT DIVIDER

Publication

Click and type publication title

Date

dd. mm. yyyy

Page x

Monitoring and recording coverage of the EMCDDA in the media is an essential way of following up and assessing the impact of the agency’s press actions. An internal press review is produced on a quarterly basis while a press review dedicated to the launch of the EMCDDA’s annual reports is Click and type date

produced yearly.

Click and type location

Microsoft Word® templates are available on the accompanying flash disc. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

PRESS CLIPPINGS PAGE

5.10 PRESS MATERIAL | Press book

About the EMCDDA The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the central source and confirmed authority on drug-related issues in Europe. For over 20 years, it has been collecting, analysing and disseminating scientifically sound information on drugs and drug addiction and their consequences, providing its audiences with an evidence-based picture of the drug phenomenon at European level.

PRESS BOOK

Lorem ipsum dolor sit Lorem ipsum dolor sit ametd dignissim sit amet orci eget. info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu I facebook.com/emcdda I twitter.com/emcdda

CAUTION EMBARGO Not to be published or broadcast before: Day, Month, Year, Time (Time zone)

BACK SIDE

Day–Month–Year Location A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

6 The EMCDDA organises high-level conferences on important topics relating to its ongoing work programme. Such events are an invaluable way for the agency to exchange views and expertise with key players working in the drugs field. This section presents materials that have been specially designed to publicise these events and their findings. They include conference invitations, brochures, programmes and proceedings as well as advertising banners, delegatesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; name plates and badges. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

CONFERENCE MATERIALS

6.02 Conference brochure 6.03 Conference programme 6.04 Conference proceedings 6.06 Participants’ list 6.07 Invitations 6.08 Document folder / briefcase 6.09 Commemorative notepad 6.11 Banners / backdrops 6.13 Event roll up and Identifiers 6.13 Room identifiers 6.14 Posters 6.16 Exhibition stand

6.02 CONFERENCE MATERIALS | Conference brochure

Conference brochure

First international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

EMCDDA member countries

Participants

The forum is an expert meeting, by invitation only, with a target audience of around 100 invited participants. The event will bring together, for the first time, key European and international experts in the field of new psychoactive substances. In so doing, it will create a forum to discuss the latest developments regarding new drugs and to identify the challenges that need to be overcome. Participants will include representatives of the Reitox national focal points from the 30 EMCDDA member countries — 27 EU Member States, Croatia, Turkey and Norway — as well as from the European Commission, Europol and the European Medicines Agency. Also invited are experts from: Australia, Belarus, Canada, Hong Kong SAR (Special Administrative Region), Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, Switzerland, Ukraine and the United States. The participants have been selected for their technical expertise and research in the field of new psychoactive substances. They include: epidemiologists; forensic scientists; clinicians; law-enforcement experts concerned with new drugs; as well as technical staff from EU and international institutions.

Themes

The forum will be organised around six thematic sessions: • Global review: perspectives on a dynamic phenomenon — the appearance and use of new drugs and responses (e.g. risk assessment, control, prevention, treatment) • Understanding the evidence: forensic science, a key component — forensic data as a foundation for identification and response • Epidemiology: auditing current capacity and identifying future priorities — the epidemiological challenges of tracking a moving target • Making the most of the evidence: early warning — multidisciplinary early-warning systems (models, rationale and function) • Defining a balanced response agenda — risk assessment: final destination or point of departure? • A comprehensive vision for the future — conclusions

Location

EMCDDA, Cais do Sodré, Lisbon.

27 EU Member States

Dolore consequi

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Croatia

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Belarus

Turkey Norway

Guest countries Australia

Canada Hong Kong SAR

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Israel Japan New Zealand Russia Switzerland

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United States of America

EU institutions

CONFERENCE BROCHURE

European Commission Europol European Medicines Agency (EMA)

International organisations Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) World Health Organization (WHO)

SAMPLE INSIDE SPREADS

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

About the EMCDDA

Each single conference uses ONE of EMCDDA’s secondary colours as the main distinguishing and uniting motif, applied to all materials. The conference materials shown by this manual use EMCDDA green

While the agency’s main task is to collect and disseminate data on the use of substances controlled by the United Nations drug conventions, in recent years, it has become increasingly active in monitoring new substances not listed in these conventions, but which may pose health and social risks to our societies.

as an example. The conference brochure introduces the chosen theme of the conference and

27–28 June 2013 Lisbon

The EMCDDA collects, analyses and disseminates factual, objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. In doing so, it provides its audiences with an evidencebased picture of the drug phenomenon at European level.

A5 | 148 mm × 210 mm Action on new drugs emcdda.europa.eu/events/2013/new-drugs-forum Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs http://projects.emcdda.europa.eu/private/3forum-new-drugs

outlines the main issues at stake. It is also used to promote conference attendance. BACK COVER

Conference programme | CONFERENCE MATERIALS 6.03

First international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

pParticipants

CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

Themes

Location

EMCDDA, Cais do Sodré, Lisbon.

Programme

• EMCDDA–Europol Joint report on a new psychoactive substance: 5-(2-aminopropyl) indole. EMCDDA, Lisbon, February 2013

Programme at a glance www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-reports/5-IT 11 May (Wed) 09.00 – 09.30

• EMCDDA–Europol Joint report on a new psychoactive substance: 4-methylamphetamine. EMCDDA, Lisbon, November 2012(EWS) network 11th Annual meeting of the Reitox early-warning system www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-reports/4-methylamphetamine Registration

09.30 – 11.00

EU drug markets report: a strategic analysis. EMCDDA, Lisbon, January 2013 Council Decision •on new psychoactive substances: www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-publications/drug-markets implementation review 2010

11.00 – 11.30

Break

11.30 – 12.45

11 May (Wed)

• Report on the risk assessment of mephedrone in the framework of the Council Decision on new developments psychoactive substances. EMCDDA, Lisbon, May 2011 EWS projects and national www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index116639EN.html assessment of new psychoactive substances — operating guidelines. First international• Risk multidisciplinary forum on new drugs EMCDDA, Lisbon, March 2010 www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index100978EN.html

13.00 – 14.00

Registration

14.00 – 15.30

Opening session

16.00 – 17.30 17.30 – 18.00

Break

18.00 – 19.00

Global review: perspectives a dynamic phenomenon Onlineon resources (continuation)

15.30 – 16.00

19.00

Plenary session 3

Croatia Turkey Norway

Guest countries Australia Belarus Canada Hong Kong SAR

Japan New Zealand

Switzerland

• Action on new drugs www.emcdda.europa.eu/activities/action-on-new-drugs

United States of America

• Synthetic cannabinoids in Europe www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/synthetic-cannabinoids

12 May (Thursday)

27 EU Member States

Russia

Reception

EMCDDA member countries

Israel

Plenary session 1

• Early-warning system on new psychoactive substances — operating guidelines. Break EMCDDA–Europol, Lisbon, October 2007 www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index52448EN.html Global review: perspectives on a dynamic phenomenon Plenary session 2

EU institutions European Commission

09.00 – 11.00

Understanding the evidence: forensic science,a key Parallel session 4A component • Legal approaches to controlling new psychoactive substances

09.00 – 11.00

Epidemiology: auditing current capacity and identifying future priorities

11.00 – 11.30

Break

11.30 – 13.00

Making the most of the evidence: early warning

Parallel session 5A

Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD)

11.30 – 13.00

Epidemiology: auditing current capacity and identifying future priorities (continuation)

Parallel session 5B

Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe

13.00 – 14.00

Lunch break

14.00 – 16.00

Defining a balanced response agenda

16.00 – 16.30

Break

16.30 – 18.00

A comprehensive vision for the future

18.00

Selected publications in the area of new drugs

• New drugs in Europe 2012. EMCDDA–Europol 2012 annual report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA. EMCDDA, Lisbon, May 2013 www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2012

First international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/controlling-new-psychoactive-substances Parallel session 4B

• Drug profiles www.emcdda.europa.eu/drug-profiles

Europol European Medicines Agency (EMA)

International organisations

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) World Health Organization (WHO)

Plenary session 6

Plenary session 7

Closure

SAMPLE INSIDE SPREADS

The EMCDDA and action on new drugs

27–28 June 2013 Lisbon

The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is one of the European Union’s decentralised agencies. Established in 1993 and based in Lisbon, it is the central source of comprehensive information on drugs and drug addiction in Europe. Since 1997, the EMCDDA has played a central role in the EU’s response to new psychoactive substances (‘new drugs’), which may pose health and social risks to our societies. Today, this activity is carried out under the terms of a legal instrument adopted by the Council of the European Union in 2005: the ‘Council Decision on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances’ (2005/387/JHA of 10 May 2005). Within this legal framework, the EMCDDA and Europol operate the EU Early warning system on new psychoactive substances in conjunction with partners in the Member States, Croatia, Turkey and Norway, the European Medicines Agency and the European Commission. This system ensures that partners have access to the most up-to-date information on new psychoactive substances, both from across Europe and beyond.

A5 | 148 mm × 210 mm Action on new drugs www.emcdda.europa.eu/activities/action-on-new-drugs Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs www.emcdda.europa.eu/events/2013/new-drugs-forum

Distributed among participants, this conference programme details the main items on the agenda.

BACK COVER

6.04 CONFERENCE MATERIALS | Conference proceedings

About the EMCDDA The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is one of the European Union’s decentralised agencies. Established in 1993 and based in Lisbon, it is the central source of comprehensive information on drugs and drug addiction in Europe. The EMCDDA collects, analyses and disseminates factual, objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. In doing so, it provides its audiences with an evidence-based picture of the drug phenomenon at European level. While the agency’s main task is to collect and disseminate data on the use of substances controlled by the United Nations drug conventions, in recent years, it has become increasingly active in monitoring new substances not listed in these conventions, but which may pose health and social risks to our societies.

Action on new drugs emcdda.europa.eu/events/2013/new-drugs-forum Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs http://projects.emcdda.europa.eu/private/3forum-new-drugs

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

BACK COVER

27–28 June 2013

Lisbon

Available after each major conference, this publication records the event’s highlights and results. Its main purpose is to provide delegates with a succinct reminder of the topics discussed, conclusions drawn and follow-up recommended. It may also be sent to non-attendees with a general interest in the topic.

A5 | 148 mm × 210 mm

Conference proceedingsâ&#x20AC;&#x201E; |â&#x20AC;&#x201E; CONFERENCE MATERIALSâ&#x20AC;&#x201E; 6.05

Chapter 1

Conference name full Conference proceedings

CHAPTER 1

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Opta volestrum quo ium adior eatur officie ndaectur amet

Chapter 1

Nulpa nonsequas nullic te et ommolup tassitat quia dolor sit faccatque quam ut vellam incid qui dolende nonsect aturion estia si dolore demporeperci tet alibus, illacia nam fuga. Ut omnis nonsece rferro exernam audam unt ipsam, iliberf eratem eium fugit aute sum am faciunt, optia volorro videsequam quis autatem elit is imus illacea nobit autesequatem fugitio. Nem dolut facea dollaccum quat ad maxime nus autatur magnisi tatur? Vitibus alitiis vid quatemo lupidebit eos vellaturis est, excepud aescius, cusdam veribero tempero in corro blaut il iunti core etur? Volut odis eatium num lam rectature dolenis simodit officaturio et prae. Um necabo. Ad everibus evellat emodis eostio cum abore nonsedit aliqui ut explit aut expe net dusci quamet qui velesto tatatis pelentu scipsam qui ipsam sapis sitatus dolorehendis et, aut utem vellaut vel ides adis ma as dolore estrum animagnatum eostior ectur? Ne voluptur repra nimusant ut perorporum quiam, volorunt vella sunt digenda inis sectenihic tem es dipis pro magnis venderovit vereic toreped que vellaut in nimusda ndelend aectusae dolupta turitent volectaqui doloria volore nis magnihi liassum vit ad et unt anditasin re corupta turibus.

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Chapter 1

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Itatem aut haribus, tet a susdae latet inum, coristemodis sus, se simaione verum es quatem lati nit, as essitatur, officim poraepudipid et quatus ad ma nis et erorepudio. Giae lacimol landae estiur alia dolupta speria saestectiae preni nosti blabor sin reic tem volupta tessitat dellabo. Et deritat ibusaerum sin plique ne res el ipsant eum qui sequationet ullauta tiumque sandem re ne ea pere liquuntur, cus sit omniendunte voloria conseriandis a commos de iunt laccullaut es moditatem invernamet quia simusa velecerunt es ut hit unt idestrupta pe ne sunt quis earum ex et voluptibus unt aligniet estium nonsequi corepta siminci modicaborro essim rem vit aut esecaeritam del maionse corum quat et aspe nisima derum ellaute delibusam remporrum, si que volorem dolum coriberit velendellam aspis dipient ent quam resserum id mossequo cus dit ad maximpore eture ium iuntium nonsecest ommo blaniae volupta tibereperum, te et idemolori occus.

Menimolenis auda suntur as a volorio. Et officia metur? Qui quam in conse sum quo min etur sitecti busdandis aut volorestis es audaes estinus cipsum latur? Olo velendae. Agnimaio. Es arum et etur? Henecte mporumqui aut millaute omnimil intet fugitas sectestia etus, officii scillestrum quosam, tem endae occum quis quatest liatium expelignam ipsam nis expe corerovitat as dolor aut rempore rchilloria illes sed quamet od quo ese nonet lam, sinum quatusda

Chapter 1

Menimolenis auda suntur as a volorio. Et officia metur? Qui quam in conse sum quo min etur sitecti busdandis aut pvolorestis es audaes estinus cipsum latur?

Henecte mporumqui aut millaute omnimil intet fugitas sectestia etus, officii scillestrum quosam, tem endae occum quis quatest liatium expelignam ipsam nis expe corerovitat as dolor aut rempore rchilloria illes sed quamet od quo ese nonet lam, sinum quatusda quam volorem audit, erferi nimusdandit a illuptas destrum, te reptature et rectem sunt omnime nos eum sum fuga. Secaborio omnimil icipsae re exeriae rnamus, vendisti non pa porescimus. Sanducid ea aut arcidignat rem aut dipsanis dolore ellores torem. Es etur, to es ut as delenis pressit, conemquo temporae solecerchit lit que il et quam, voloressed quo etur re

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Opta volestrum quo eationsecab ium adior sitiant, sam eatur? Qui aut officie ndaectur amet quos rehenia comnita simpos res etur?

Ne voluptur repra nimusant ut perorporum quiam, volorunt vella sunt digenda inis sectenihic tem es dipis pro magnis venderovit vereic toreped que vellaut in nimusda ndelend aectusae dolupta turitent volectaqui doloria volore nis magnihi liassum vit ad et unt anditasin re corupta turibus.Um re re volo earions equidunt facepud animolupta consequatem quid enda aces sit ulparchilit ut recum el illesti aris nobistem assimus. Unt, sa pedit am dolorro comni unt aliatus dit, escipsunt faceate odion rero te vollore ictotatur, qui repere mi, ullaccullam, occum cume mod qui re, tectur aut ratur? Feriam utatior sam esequat et que volupta dit evel exceario tessequianda quo enimusc itatur? Aruptinus.

Corecto beatia dollaut rese omnihit eos aut mint haria voloruptam, quibusa ndebis que conecullest milla as dolorem iderata tiaerum sunt ium re numeniet omnit, etur? Qui omnis senimus.

Conference name full Conference proceedings

Opta volestrum quo eationsecab ium adior sitiant, sam eatur? Qui aut officie ndaectur amet quos rehenia comnita simpos res etur?

Mus pos aut id quae venimagnimus aut landi anditatusam, con eum quo minvelibea ilignatus et offictae nis es doluptate derem eos eatusam ut ea dolut lit unt et as minis andaectem sequi volupti onsequi officimus dolest, odit maiorrum autaquuntur simusam quis peri utempor porias iunt etureru mquibusam conectur sapist, voluptatur?Nulpa nonsequas nullic te et ommolup tassitat quia dolor sit faccatque quam ut vellam incid qui dolende nonsect aturion estia si dolore demporeperci tet alibus, illacia nam fuga. Ut omnis nonsece rferro exernam audam unt ipsam, iliberf eratem eium fugit aute sum am faciunt, optia volorro videsequam quis autatem elit is imus illacea nobit autesequatem fugitio. Nem dolut facea dollaccum quat ad maxime nus autatur magnisi tatur?

Moluptatem nis doloreius andis ducidi unditatiis alignatem ditiis magnatest perum eaque est landa exerspe rsperovitium comnis comnis doles es magnihiciis quis etur serfero

aut laborescil id ent aut alis num quae velent mo tes ditat poreptiae qui as ex eost ut doleniatus,

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I Ullabore comniet quo

Vitibus alitiis vid quatemo lupidebit eos vellaturis est, excepud aescius, cusdam veribero tempero in corro blaut il iunti core etur?Volut odis eatium num lam rectature dolenis simodit officaturio et prae. Um necabo. Ad everibus evellat emodis eostio cum abore nonsedit aliqui ut explit aut expe net dusci quamet qui velesto tatatis pelentu scipsam qui ipsam sapis sitatus dolorehendis et, aut utem vellaut vel ides adis ma as dolore estrum animagnatum eostior ectur?

I Upllabore comniet quo molore dem et quiasim nist, nullecesto tem quis

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Conference name full Conference proceedings

I Upllabore comniet quo

Aborrum que nobisse est faceaquam di inctus ellabore, quatiandam nobis et accabor runtionet fugia nossint earibusa sam, nihiliq uidendaerum hitatur? Qui sande eum ius, qui con consenis nimporis audis volut id utesequ aepratur ad mod ma dolum qui dellent usciisquibus aut ulpa quiberum et, at aut doluptaestem quam nim re nus alignis aut et es volorio repudant.Ullabore comniet quo molore dem et quiasim nist, nullecesto tem quis aut laborescil id ent aut alis num quae velent mo tes ditat poreptiae qui as ex eost ut doleniatus, et velluptas et que dolore, od que poreptasim quidunt. Fictaqui cor aut dolorem remporum con es parcimi, quis aturepelit quo quis ipsamet volorio nsenihi temodigendit la dis eossuntem. Obit era dolorro doluptatur, quati illuptat qui te net renditatur, idundan temperrorero optaqui consequiae. Nem. Tores expe non eiciumquam, voluptiis porerum fugit es corro doluptur?

Menimolenis auda suntur as a volorio. Et officia metur? Qui quam in conse sum quo min etur sitecti busdandis aut volorestis es audaes estinus cipsum latur? Olo velendae. Agnimaio. Es arum et etur? Menimolenis auda suntur as a volorio. Et officia metur? Qui quam in conse sum quo min etur sitecti busdandis aut volorestis es audaes estinus cipsum latur? Olo velendae. Agnimaio. Es arum et etur?

Corecto beatia dollaut rese omnihit eos aut mint haria voloruptam, quibusa ndebis que conecullest milla as dolorem iderata tiaerum sunt ium re numeniet omnit, etur? Qui omnis senimus.

perupta spelenda voluptatet eaque ped ut mo il inulpa doluptio. Catiatquam volut perundebis il molest alicatqui dolecto raerovi delitaspero quo ium con ex etur autempo recullorenia peligen iendem vitatibus samus, quiant. Ga. Ut odignat idus nemolum fugitas ent autector sequam faccumque exeritem dolestiis expliae volore si dempora volupicim esto estem quam, sitatiore nimus eum facestiunt aligeniscita porepera verorro quiam, cusam vit vellaborem. Et dipsae pedi deligen ihilictam, to mossit et laniendignis volore aut et autatquundae voluptam qui conseque quoditatiae qui te iunt re eatatur? Mus pos aut id quae venimagnimus aut landi anditatusam, con eum quo minvelibea ilignatus et offictae nis es doluptate derem eos eatusam ut ea dolut lit unt et as minis andaectem sequi volupti onsequi officimus dolest, odit maiorrum autaquuntur simusam quis peri utempor porias iunt etureru mquibusam conectur sapist, voluptatur? Nulpa nonsequas nullic te et ommolup tassitat quia dolor sit faccatque quam ut vellam incid qui dolende nonsect aturion estia si dolore demporeperci tet alibus, illacia nam fuga. Ut omnis nonsece rferro exernam audam unt ipsam, iliberf eratem eium fugit aute sum am faciunt, optia volorro videsequam quis autatem elit is imus illacea nobit autesequatem fugitio. Nem dolut facea dollaccum quat ad maxime nus autatur magnisi tatur? Vitibus alitiis vid quatemo lupidebit eos vellaturis est, excepud aescius, cusdam veribero tempero in corro blaut il iunti core etur? Volut odis eatium num lam rectature dolenis simodit officaturio et prae. Um necabo. Ad everibus evellat emodis eostio cum abore nonsedit aliqui ut explit aut expe net dusci

SAMPLE INSIDE SPREADS

6.06 CONFERENCE MATERIALS | Participants’ list

BAJORINIENE Agne

EMCDDA

BALLOTTA Danilo

EMCDDA

BARROS Henrique

Coordenação Nacional Para A Infecção Vih/Sida

Portugal

BARTSCH Gabriele

Centre For Addiction Issues

Germany

BAYADA Tonia

Cyprus Antidrugs Council

Cyprus

BAYER Raphael

Ministry Of Health

Austria

CBEL - OLLO Katri National Institute for Health Development

Estonia

CLFÉ Manuela European Commission CLKAN Nevzat Istanbul University

Turkey

CLMEIDA Anabela EMCDDA CLTAN Peyman Ministry Of Health

Turkey

CMMON Andrea European Centre For Disease Prevention And Control (Ecdc)

Sweden

CNDRÉASSON Sven National Institute Of Public Health

Sweden

CRTUR Malczewski National Bureau For Drug Prevention

Poland

PARTICIPANTS’ LIST

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

CSHBY Marie - Christine EMCDDA

DAETZING Sabine Drug Commissioner Of The Federal Ministry Of Health

Germany

ABEL - OLLO Katri National Institute for Health Development

DAJORINIENE Agne

EMCDDA

DALLOTTA Danilo

EMCDDA

DARROS Henrique

Coordenação Nacional Para A Infecção Vih/Sida

Portugal

DARTSCH Gabriele

Centre For Addiction Issues

Germany

DAYADA Tonia

Cyprus Antidrugs Council

Cyprus

DAYER Raphael

Ministry Of Health

Austria

Estonia

ALFÉ Manuela European Commission ALKAN Nevzat Istanbul University

Turkey

ALMEIDA Anabela EMCDDA

CONTINUATION PAGE SAMPLE

ALTAN Peyman Ministry Of Health

Turkey

AMMON Andrea European Centre For Disease Prevention And Control (Ecdc)

Sweden

ANDRÉASSON Sven National Institute Of Public Health

Sweden

ARTUR Malczewski National Bureau For Drug Prevention

Poland

ASHBY Marie - Christine EMCDDA

A conference participant’s list providing

all names in alphabetical order as well as

BAETZING Sabine Drug Commissioner Of The Federal Ministry Of Health

their organisation’s name and country of origin has been developed for EMCDDA conferences. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

Germany

Invitations | CONFERENCE MATERIALS 6.07

INSIDE INVITATION AFTER OPENING

Invitation Folded DL | 210 mm × 99 mm

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs Giandae ped maiorerchil molor aut qui blab ipsum, od etur sectur? Equae sunt quis aut ressed es soluptam voloren derfere mquame sed mo officietur, asit lia volupta quaspie ndebita volut quo cus quam rerum sundero blatus rehent venderi atuscium que officia con re voluptae latempo rporeperes ipissum desciliqui omnis vendant, explibus, et fugitia que nimusti. Pelenim am vendi to maximin veremporest, con cus culparit quia qui ulpario iuntiam, endus int eos autest pelecest volorepratet quam volorem autatem quaerum, sant aut idi sim facessequo duntur?

27–28 June 2013

Lisbon Full format | 210 mm × 198 mm

A conference invitation is a DL format after folding. All information regarding the event EMCDDA I Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 I Fax (351) 211 21 03 80 info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda I facebook.com/emcdda

belong on the inside, while the front is left simple and clean, bearing the corporate identity characteristics of EMCDDA. BACK SIDE

6.08 CONFERENCE MATERIALS | Document folder / briefcase

Conference delegates may be issued with an EMCDDA document briefcase for the easy transportation of papers. The briefcase is designed simply bearing the EMCDDA logo and web site address. Please refer to chapter 1 of this manual when preparing data for production of the document briefcase.

Commemorative notepad | CONFERENCE MATERIALS 6.09

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu I twitter.com/emcdda I facebook.com/emcdda

INSIDE PAGES

Conference A4 notepads have been developed for use at EMCDDA conferences and seminars. The message notepad and ring binder labels are available for general

emcdda.europa.eu

everyday use. A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

6.10 CONFERENCE MATERIALS | Commemorative notepad

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

COVER WITH CLAIM MOTIFS info@emcdda.europa.eu I emcdda.europa.eu I twitter.com/emcdda I facebook.com/emcdda

INSIDE PAGES

available and are intended for use with special events and launches of new products (EDR notepad shown on right). A4 | 210 mm × 297 mm

emcdda.europa.eu

Commemorative A4 notepads are also

Banners / Backdrops | CONFERENCE MATERIALS 6.11

Format | 2000 mm × 6000 mm

27–28 June 2013 Lisbon

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs Opublici forum patu ego locavem furnius. Iquo inpratraet deortilius, senat arica et? Nos bonsulture catantem in turs hensulocum, novescreor quit privivitatid cere hos se tensta tabentreo, ubliceri prae num pul habus, ur, quidees! Sp. Cursultorei pat. Es inatus caperfe sicaudem, cris, urobus, nos ocupiorus sediur. Cusus? inatus octu et in sunteme nintioruncum nonsupp licio, quemenihilis conscer ictus, ste diis, factod facientia diu cum perrid di es.

Vertical format baners The vertical banners shown on this page have been designed to appear in strategic positions at conference venues. They may be hung outside the conference building and / or inside the main hall. The type of material used in the production of

27–28 June Lisbon

the banners will depend on whether they are intended for inside or outside use. The recommended dimensions for the banners are 2000 mm × 6000 mm but these can be changed as necessary to suit the location requirements.

6.12 CONFERENCE MATERIALS | Banners / Backdrops

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

27–28 June 2013 Lisbon Format | 6000 mm × 2000 mm

Horizontal format baners The horizontal banners shown on this page

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

have been designed to appear in strategic positions at conference venues. They may be hung outside the conference building and / or inside the main hall. The type of material used in the production of the banners will depend on whether they are intended for inside or outside use. The recommended dimensions for the banners are 6000 mm × 2000 mm but these can be changed as necessary to suit the location

Luptat doluptis qui ut fuga

requirements.

As ut quis ut qui optatem am quibus dio earci coneceperita sus maximos ma inulpa qui aute eum que sam intur arumqui conseniet, cum fugiam, corest, nes sapelicia.

Event roll up and Identifiers | CONFERENCE MATERIALS 6.13 A3 | 420 mm × 297 mm

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs Slogan of the event Fuga nem et omnis et as voluptate voluptiurio 27–28 June I Lisbon

9.00–11.00 I Name of the room Understanding the evidence: forensic science, a key component Parallel session 4A Chair I Paul Griffiths, EMCDDA

9.00–11.00 Name of the room

ROOM IDENTIFIER

Understanding the evidence: forensic science, a key component Parallel session 4A Event roll ups and identifiers are used at EMCDDA conference venues inside the main hall and adjacent hallways. The event roll up bears the title of the conference, slogan, date and place. The identifiers are used as orientation system materials for labeling the different rooms and sessions.

IDENTIFIER ROLL UP

The recommended dimensions for the banners are 1200 mm × 2000 mm but these can be changed as necessary to suit the location requirements.

Format | 1200 mm × 2000 mm EVENT ROLL UP

6.14 CONFERENCE MATERIALS | Posters

Very short headline Lucas Wiessing, Danica Klempová, Bruno Guarita, Dagmar Hedrich, Paul Griffiths (1) The EMCDDA poster may be adapted for different purposes, such as publicising

I Background

I Results

I Conclusions

key meetings or launching new products.

This leaflet provides an overview of the work of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), as presented in our General Report of Activities (1), with a spotlight on key topics and events. A decentralised European agency based in Lisbon. Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et odis simagni mporeprem qui berovid eleneserro volupta ectassimus dolupta est, idenimo luptat quam aliae nonem quatusa ndipsap eriossus.

It may also be used simply to present the organisation itself. The main accent colour used should correspond with the event colour. The headline of the poster should be kept as short as possible. In case longer headlines are provided, they have to be broken down to multiple lines as shown on this spread.

Veria inisse cus dem dis et volorum liquiat modita am eatesti quo doluptatia dit veligenet expe comnis eosantio verfernam, volor sedis coratis remo volorem quiaspic tempos ero moles imusa sim niae volecus danimusanit provid et ellatio nsectius aboratis dolor mi, invel ident, ullupta tentotatur?

A decentralised European agency based in Lisbon, the EMCDDA is the hub of reliable, robust data on the European drugs situation GRAPH 1 | Reported offences related to drug supply in Europe, trends and breakdown by drug (main drugs) Index (2006=100)

I Methods Nimincia incipsam es dem quiam, nonsequas. Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate idodis simagni mporeprem qui berovid eleneserro volupta ectassimus dolupta est, idenimo luptat quam aliae nonem quatusa ndipsap eriossus.

The versions on this spread account for the necessity of conveying a greater

150

Cannabis

Heroin

100

1 200 Cocaine

1 000

Amphetamines

Ecstasy

0 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

800 600 400

ammount of complex information. In case

MAP 1 | National drug strategies and action plans, availability and scope

less content should be available, white space should be used to compensate. The EMCDDA graphic motifs and / or slogan can be used also. The recommended dimensions for the posters are 841 mm × 1189 mm (A0) but

Combined licit and illicit drug strategy Illicit drug strategy No national drug strategy NB: While the United Kingdom has an illicit drug strategy, both Wales and Northern Ireland have combined strategies which include alcohol.

these can be changed as necessary to suit

A decentralised European agency based in Lisbon, the EMCDDA is the hub of reliable, robust data on the European drugs situation and responses to it. Our annual progress report provides an overview of our achievements over a set period, for those interested in what we do and how we do it. This leaflet provides an overview of the work of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), as presented in our General Report of Activities (1), with a spotlight on key topics and events. Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et odis simagni mporeprem qui berovid eleneserro volupta ectassimus dolupta est, idenimo luptat.

200 0 2001

2002

Spain

2003

2004

France

2005

2006

2007

Other countries

2008

2009

2010

2011

Turkey

References Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem www.someurladdress.org/something Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem www.someurladdress.org/something Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something

specific requirements. A0 | 841 mm × 1189 mm

info@emcdda.europa.eu

emcdda.europa.eu

Posters | CONFERENCE MATERIALS 6.15

Short poster headline in two lines

Surveillance of injecting drug use and drug-related infectious diseases in the European Union

Lucas Wiessing, Danica Klempová, Bruno Guarita, Dagmar Hedrich, Paul Griffiths (1)

I Background

I Results

I Conclusions

I Background

I Results

I Conclusions

MAP 1 | National drug strategies and action plans, availability and scope

I Methods Ibus volupta iderepe non et, aliquibus, volum vera venditiost audis ut imagnihil illesciur ariorum quo ma volorum id quid qui ut a nim que derspienis eosa consern atquam, ut landipsam eumquae debita aut quatempe doluptatquas. Nimincia incipsam es dem quiam, nonsequas. Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et odis simagni mporeprem qui berovid eleneserro volupta ectassimus dolupta est, idenimo luptat quam aliae nonem quatusa ndipsap eriossus.

GRAPH 1 | Cumulative number of countries with an evaluated national drug strategy Combined licit and illicit drug strategy Illicit drug strategy No national drug strategy NB: While the United Kingdom has an illicit drug strategy, both Wales and Northern Ireland have combined strategies which include alcohol.

Index (2006=100)

150

A decentralised European agency based in Lisbon, the EMCDDA is the hub of reliable, robust data on the European drugs situation

Cannabis

Heroin

100

Cocaine 50

Amphetamines

Ecstasy

0 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

info@emcdda.europa.eu

2011

Ibus volupta iderepe non et, aliquibus, volum vera venditiost audis ut imagnihil illesciur ariorum quo ma volorum id quid qui ut a nim que derspienis eosa consern atquam, ut landipsam eumquae debita aut quatempe doluptatquas. Nimincia incipsam es dem quiam, nonsequas. Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et odis simagni mporeprem qui berovid eleneserro volupta ectassimus dolupta est, idenimo luptat quam aliae nonem quatusa ndipsap eriossus.

2003

GRAPH 1 | Reported offences related to drug supply in Europe, trends and breakdown by drug (main drugs)

I Methods

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

GRAPH 1 | Reported offences related to drug supply in Europe, trends and breakdown by drug (main drugs)

emcdda.europa.eu

MAP 1 | National drug strategies and action plans, availability and scope

GRAPH 1 | Cumulative number of countries with an evaluated national drug strategy

Index (2006=100)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et odis simagni mporeprem qui berovid eleneserro volupta ectassimus dolupta est, idenimo luptat quam aliae nonem quatusa ndipsap eriossus. A decentralised European agency based in Lisbon, the EMCDDA is the hub of reliable, robust data on the European drugs situation and responses to it. Our annual progress report provides an overview of our achievements over a set period, for those interested in what we do and how we do it.

150

Cannabis

Heroin

100

Cocaine 50

Amphetamines

Ecstasy

0 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

info@emcdda.europa.eu

2011

References Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem www.someurladdress.org/something Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta www.someurladdress.org/something pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et www.someurladdress.org/something

(1) Sanda voloribus consequ ibustempos aborporate iducita num que plitis ipsae corios alicientiae dolum aut aspelitia conet venture molupta pos unt estem in cus poreriandae veles sinci dolupti onsedit et odis simagni mporeprem qui berovid eleneserro volupta ectassimus dolupta est, idenimo luptat quam aliae nonem quatusa ndipsap eriossus.

emcdda.europa.eu

6.16 CONFERENCE MATERIALS | Exhibition stand Format | 3365 mm × 2226 mm emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

EMCDDA, votre point de référence en matière de drogues en Europe

An evidence base on drugs in Europe

Facts, figures, trends and analysis

The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the hub of drug-related information in Europe. Its mission: to provide the EU and its Member States with an evidence base on the European drugs problem to inform policy and practice.

How many new drugs were detected in Europe over the last year? What are the latest drug market trends? How many Europeans have ever used an illicit drug? What are the most recent developments in drug prevention, treatment and policy? These are just some of the questions explored by the EMCDDA as it monitors the drug phenomenon across some 30 countries.

EMCDDA, Ihre Referenzstelle zu Drogenfragen in Europa

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

emcdda.europa.eu youtube.com/emcddatube

EMCDDA, a sua referência em matéria de droga na Europa

events. The stand may be set up at EMCDDA conferences or at other highlevel functions requiring a presentation of the agency’s work. The recommended dimensions for the stand are 3280 mm × 2232 mm, but may be changed to accommodate a different style of stand.

flickr.com/photos/emcdda

iStockphoto

An EMCDDA exhibition stand has been developed for use at key promotional

emcdda.europa.eu

ROUNDED-END PANEL ON LEFT

MIDDLE SECTION PANELS

ROUNDED-END PANEL ON RIGHT

Exhibition stand | CONFERENCE MATERIALS 6.17 224 mm 2226 mm

Format | 3365 mm × 2226 mm

673 mm

673 mm 224 mm

673 mm

ROUNDED-END OF THE PANEL IS NOT VISIBLE FROM FRONT VIEW

3365 mm

2226 mm

673 mm

PANEL CONSTRUCTION VIEW

2550 mm

550 mm

OVERHEAD VIEW OF THE STAND CONSTRUCTION

2550 mm

7 A range of branded promotional and display items has been developed to help increase awareness of the EMCDDA. All promotional and display material must be produced in accordance with the agencyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s image and clearly represent its visual identity. These items may be presented at exhibitions, book fairs and conferences or similar promotional events. Artwork data files for certain items are available on the accompanying flash disc. Please see the specific item pages for availability. Designers creating new data for production must keep in mind to use only the provided elements (graphic motif and logo) in respect to the size of the mug and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL

7.02 Mugs 7.03 Pencils

7.17 Flags

7.04 Pens

7.18 USB key

7.05 Folding bag

7.19 Pins

7.06 Fabric bag

7.20 Scientific paper award trophy

7.07 Rucksack

7.21 Award certificate

7.08 Briefcase

7.22 Post-its

7.09 T-shirts

7.23 CD and DVD labels

7.10 Scarfs

7.24 CD and DVD pocket sleeves / inlays

7.11 Tie

7.25 CD + DVD menus

7.12 Umbrella

7.27 Social media

7.13 Mousepads

7.29 External banner

7.14 Bookmarks

7.30 Window identifiers

7.16 Lanyards

7.31 Entrance plaque

7.02 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Mugs

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

The EMCDDA mugs should be chosen carefully for production: they must be white or off-white (very light grey) and must have a simple straight shape without any surface texture or decoration. The mugs carry an EMCDDA full logo logo on the bottom part of the back side (in respect to right-handed users), respecting the logo’s safety zone. The front side carries the EMCDDA claim in the prescribed graphic motif in any of the EMCDDA secondary colours. The mug

FRONT SIDE

publicizes the agency’s website (part of the graphic motif). The data for production must be made from the provided elements (graphic motif and logo) in respect to the size of the mug and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual. BACK SIDE

Pencils | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.03

emcdda.europa.eu

emcdda.europa.eu The pencils selected for production must be white or off-white (very light grey) with the eraser end in the same light colour.

emcdda.europa.eu The pencils carry the EMCDDA graphic BAR GRAPH MOTIF PANCIL (SAMPLE PREVIEW)

motifs of either the bar or line graph wrapped around the front side. The rear end carries the agency’s website in Trivia Book or Trivia Light depending on the production possibilities of the printer.

emcdda.europa.eu The data for production must be made from the provided elements (graphic

emcdda.europa.eu

motif and typography) in respect to the size of the pencil and with careful and

LINE GRAPH MOTIF PANCIL (SAMPLE PREVIEW)

professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

7.04 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Pens

The pens selected for production must be

emcdd

white or off-white (very light grey), in case of

a.euro

pa.eu

deluxe pens silver colour can be used also. The deluxe pens carry the EMCDDA graphic motifs of either the bar graph wrapped around the back side. The cap carries the agency’s website in Trivia Book or Trivia Light depending on the production possibilities of the printer. The EMCDDA size of the pen allows. The regular pens carry the EMCDDA symbol on the clip and the agency’s

emcdda.eu

website centrally aligned to the symbol.

ropa.eu

emcdda.europa.eu

symbol may be placed on the cap if the

The data for production must be made from the provided elements (graphic

emcdda.europa.eu

motif and logo) in respect to the size and shape of the pen and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual. DELUXE PENS (SAMPLE PREVIEW)

REGULAR PENS (SAMPLE PREVIEW)

Folding bag | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.05

The paper folding bag selected for production must be white or off-white (very

a.eu emcdda.europ

light grey). Please avoid tints of yellow or beige in the choice of paper colour. The bags carry the graphic motifs of either the EMCDDA claim with the website or the line graph with the website placed at the

emcd

opa.e a.eur

bottom corner. The bags can also carry the EMCDDA logo in place of the graphic motif. The data for production must be made from the provided elements in respect to the size and shape of the bag and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

7.06 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Fabric bag

The fabric bag selected for production must be white or off-white (very light grey). Please avoid tints of yellow or beige in the choice of fabric colour.

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

The bags carry the graphic motifs of the EMCDDA claim with the website. The bags can also carry the EMCDDA logo symbol placed at the top left corner. The data for production must be made from the provided elements in respect to the size and shape of the bag and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

Rucksack | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.07

The rucksack selected for production must be white or off-white (very light grey). Please avoid tints of yellow or beige in the choice of fabric colour. The bags carry the graphic motifs of the EMCDDA claim with the website and the EMCDDA international logo placed at top

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

centre with respect to the shape of the bag. The claim graphic motif may be used in any or all of its colour versions.

emcdda.europa.eu

The data for production must be made from the provided elements in respect to the size and shape of the rucksack and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

7.08 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Briefcase

The briefcase must be carefully selected for production and must be white or off-white (very light grey). Please avoid tints of yellow or beige in the choice of fabric colour. The briefcase should be as simple as possible and made from quality materials. The briefcase carries the EMCDDA international logo placed central with respect to the shape of the briefcase. The EMCDDA website is in EU Blue colour is placed at either right or left bottom corner of the briefcase. The data for production must be made from the provided elements in respect to the size and shape of the briefcase and with carefull and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

emcdda.europa.e

T-shirts | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.09

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

The t-shirts must be carefully selected for production and must be white or offwhite (very light grey). Please avoid tints of yellow or beige in the choice of fabric colour. The t-shirts should be made from quality fabric. The t-shirts carry the EMCDDA international logo placed over the right breast. Alternatively the EMCDDA claim graphic motif with website can be used placed identically. The back of the t-shirt can stay plain or it can carry the line graph graphic motif. The data for production must be made from the provided elements in respect to the size and shape of the t-shirts and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

7.10 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Scarfs

The scarf must be carefully selected for production and must be a shade of light grey, not white. Please avoid tints of yellow or beige in the choice of fabric colour. The scarf should be made from quality fabric. The scarfs carry the EMCDDA bar graph graphic motif placed carefully in respect of the composition on the scarf created when it is worn. The data for production must be made from the provided elements in respect to the size and shape of the scarfs and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

Tie | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.11

The ties must be carefully selected for production and must be a shade of light grey, not white. Please avoid tints of yellow or beige in the choice of fabric colour. The fabric could have a soft horizontal stripe texture, similar to the grey-lined background from the EMCDDA graphic motifs. The ties should be made from quality fabric. The ties carry the EMCDDA line graph graphic motif in one of the EMCDDA secondary colours (preferably blue) compositioned to the bottom of the tie. Alternatively the EMCDDA logo symbol can be used. The data for production must be made from the provided elements in respect to the size and shape of the ties and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

7.12 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Umbrella

The umbrellas selected for production must be white or off-white (very light grey) or silver in material colour. The handle should be grey, dark grey or produced in one of the EMCDDA secondary colours. The umbrellas carry the EMCDDA graphic motifs of either the bar or line graph wrapped around the diameter of the umbrella, while leaving generous clean space. One of the segments carries the agency’s website in Trivia Book or Trivia Light depending on the production possibilities of the printer. Adjacent segment carries the EMCDDA international version of the logo. The data for production must be made from the provided elements (graphic motif and typography) in respect to the circular format of the umbrella and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

MOTIF VERSION 5 – graph motif with various line thickness

MOTIF VERSION 4 – horizontal motif with claim

Mousepads | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.13

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

MOTIF VERSION 4 – horizontal motif with claim

MOTIF VERSION 5 – graph motif with unified line thickness

emcdda.europa.eu

The mousepads should be made from quality material. The colour should be equivalent to EMCDDA Background grey. The mousepads carry the EMCDDA full logo logo and any of the EMCDDA graphic motif of choice. The rear end carries the agency’s website in Trivia Book or emcdda.europa.eu

emcdda.europa.eu

Trivia Light depending on the production possibilities of the printer. The mousepads publicise the EMCDDA website. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

7.14 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Bookmarks

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

I EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

I Facts, figures, trends and analysis

I Find out more

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the hub of drug-related information in Europe. Its mission? To provide the EU and its Member States with an evidence base on the European drugs problem to inform policymaking and practice.

EMCDDA’s flagship product is its yearly overview of the European drug phenomenon, which it presents in the form of the European Drug Report package. This ofers a wealth of drug facts, figures, trends and analysis from 30 European countries and is essential reading for policymakers, professionals, researchers or anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe.

emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda youtube.com/user/emcddatube flickr.com/photos/emcdda

Regular bookmark The standard bookmark is double-sided and carries the EMCDDA logo symbol, official claim, line graph graphic motif and brief information about the agency’s activities. It publicises the agency’s website and other links and contacts. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

Format | 250 mm × 50 mm

Bookmarks | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.15

emcdda.europa.eu

Magnetic bookmark emcdda.europa.eu

The magnetic bookmark folds in the middle and features a magnetic lock at each end to clip onto the page. It carries the EMCDDA international logo, line graph graphic motif and the agency’s website. Artwork data files are available on the

emcdda.europa.eu

Format | 38 mm × 210 mm

accompanying flash disc.

7.16 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Lanyards

The lanyards selected for production must be white or off-white (very light grey) and should be made from quality materials. The lanyards carry the EMCDDA bar graph graphic motif and the agency’s website in Trivia Book or Trivia Light depending on the production possibilities of the printer. The data for production must be made from the provided elements (graphic motif and typography) in respect to the width of the lanyards and with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

Flag | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.17

Format | 1600 mm × 1120 mm

The EMCDDA flag has been designed to appear at the entrance to the agency’s premises. It is two-sided and each side carries the symbol in colour negative version on EU blue background. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

7.18 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | USB key

em cd da .eu p ro a.e u

Flash discs in corporate design are available for EMCDDA use and as branded gift items. The flash discs that have been chosen can accommodate the EMCDDA

from the provided elements (logo symbol and typography) with careful and professional application of the EMCDDA visual identity. For details about applying the corporate identity elements, please see Chapter 1 of this manual.

The data for production must be made

a.e

possibilities of the printer.

p ro

or Trivia Light depending on the production

.eu

the website on the other using Trivia Book

the EMCDDA logo symbol on one side and

well. The safety latch is metallic and carries

secondary colour palette and EU blue as

Pins | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.19

Pins are comprised of the EMCDDA logo symbol and should be made from metal with or other quality material. The data for production must be made from the provided elements (logo symbol).

7.20 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Scientific paper award trophy

The EMCDDA scientific paper award has been designed using the EMCDDA logo symbol and bar graph graphic motif in a remarkable and striking design respecting the glass material and its simple shape. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

Award certificate | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.21

Certificate EMCDDA SCIENTIFIC PAPER AWARD Dr Katy M. E. Turner, PhD The impact of needle and syringe provision and opiate substitution therapy on the incidence of hepatitis C virus in injecting drug users: pooling of UK evidence

26 September 2013, Lisbon

A4 | 297 mm × 210 mm

The EMCDDA award certificate can be designed fresh every year to distinguish between the annual awards. This page shows two designs based on the corporate identity prescribed by this manual. EMCDDA graphic motifs should be used in the bottom of the certificate with the typography remaining constant.

26 September 2013, Lisbon

Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

7.22 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Post-its

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

Format | 125 mm × 75 mm

The EMCDDA post-its are designed for every day use. They carry the logo symbol and the claim graphic motif (in any of the secondary colours) together with the agency’s website. Post-its are shown on this page in actual size. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

emcdda.europa.eu emcdda.europa.eu

Format | 65 mm × 75 mm

CD and DVD labels | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.23

Title

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Prasent dignissim molestie niseonel denem bis, in luctus augue bibem.

The templates proposed on this page have been designed for the production of EMCDDA CD-ROMs. The EMCDDA international logo is used together with the

Title Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Prasent dignissim molestie niseonel denem bis, in luctus augue bibem.

official graphic motifs to create a fresh CD design in line with the overall corporate identity. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

7.24 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | CD and DVD pocket sleeves / inlays

Title in two lines Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec lobortis eget lorem a pretium. Suspendisse mollis nibh et metus imperdiet, vel vehicula nibh aliquet. Donec non placerat metus.

20 July 2013

Title Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Prasent dignissim molestie niseonel denem bis, in luctus augue bibem.

Title

The inside booklet and CD case use the main graphic motifs in-line with the EMCDDA corporate identity. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Prasent dignissim molestie niseonel denem bis, in luctus augue bibem.

CD + DVD menus | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.25

EMCDDA Corporate Identity Manual

I Introduction I Identity I Stationery I Publications I Presentation materials I Press materials I Conference materials I Promotional materials

I Reference Download I Explore folders I Quit

I Introduction This DVD-ROM has been created to support EMCDDA’s printed Corporate Identity Manual. To browse through the full electronic version of the manual in pdf format, simply click on the link right and download the complete publication.

I Introduction Identity Stationery Publications Presentation materials Press materials Conference materials Promotional materials Reference

The CD-ROMs should come with and interactive menu that respects the visual identity of EMCDDA. This page shows the CD-ROM menu designs.

Download I Explore folders I Quit

Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

7.26 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Social media

Facebook The possibilities of implementing corporate identity elements into Facebook are very limited. EMCDDA graphic motifs should be used for the background (with possible alternation) together with the logo symbol. It is not advised to use images.

Social media | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.27

Facebook The possibilities of implementing corporate identity elements into Youtube are very limited. EMCDDA graphic motifs should be used for the background (with possible alternation) together with the logo symbol. It is not advised to use images.

7.28 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Social media

Twitter The possibilities of implementing corporate identity elements into Twitter are very limited. EMCDDA graphic motifs should be used for the background (with possible alternation) together with the logo symbol. It is not advised to use images.

External banner | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.29

Format | 1195 mm × 2090 mm

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe

EMCDDA, your reference point on drugs in Europe emcdda.europa.eu

emcdda.europa.eu

The vertical external banners shown on this page have been designed to appear on the outside of the EMCDDA building. The dimensions of the banners shown are this page are 1190 mm × 2090 mm but these can be changed as necessary to suit the location requirements. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

7.30 PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL | Window identifiers The window identifiers have been designed for the street-side window of the EMCDDA building. The design uses the horizontal bar graph graphic motif together with the agency’s claim and key words pertaining to EMCDDA’s focus. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

Best Best practice practice Best Best Best practice practice practice Informação Informação Informação Informação Informação Cocaine Cocaine Cocaine Cocaine Cocaine Integração Integração Integração Integração Integração Fiável Fiável Fiável Fiável Fiável EMCDDA, EMCDDA, EMCDDA, EMCDDA, EMCDDA, your your your reference reference reference point point point your your reference reference point point onon on drugs drugs drugs in in Europe Europe Europe on drugs on drugs ininEurope in Europe Factual Factual Factual Ciência Ciência Ciência Factual Factual Ciência Ciência Análise Análise Análise Análise Análise

flickr.com/photos/emcdda

Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Comparable Research Science Research Research Science Science Research Research Science Science Cooperation Cooperation Cooperation Cooperation Cooperation Comparável Comparável Comparável Comparável Comparável

Prevenção Prevenção Prevenção Prevenção Prevenção Heroin Heroin Heroin Heroin Heroin Prevention Prevention Prevention Prevention Prevention Objective Objective Objective Objective Objective Public Public health health Public health Public Public health health Tratamento Tratamento Tratamento Tratamento Tratamento Observação Observação Observação Observação Observação Trends Trends Trends Trends Trends Cannabis Cannabis Cannabis Cannabis Cannabis Evaluating Evaluating Evaluating Evaluating Evaluating Estatísticas Estatísticas Estatísticas Estatísticas Estatísticas

youtube.com/user/emcddatube

EMCDDA, EMCDDA, EMCDDA, EMCDDA, EMCDDA, Informação sobre Informação Informação sobre sobre Informação Informação sobre sobre droga nana Europa droga droga na Europa Europa droga droga na Europa na Europa

facebook.com/emcdda

Boas Boas Boas práticas práticas práticas Boas Boas práticas práticas Analysing Analysing Analysing Analysing Analysing Redução Redução Redução dede de danos danos danos Redução Redução de danos de danos Cooperação Cooperação Cooperação Cooperação Cooperação Statistics Statistics Statistics Statistics Statistics Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Saúde Saúde Saúde pública pública pública Saúde Saúde pública pública

twitter.com/emcdda

emcdda.europa.eu

Tendências Tendências Tendências Tendências Tendências Information Information Information Information Information

Cocaína Cocaína Cocaína Cocaína Cocaína www.emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu

Imparcial Imparcial Imparcial Imparcial Imparcial

Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Avaliação Avaliação Avaliação Avaliação Avaliação Ecstasy Ecstasy Ecstasy Ecstasy Ecstasy Harm Harm Harm reduction reduction reduction Harm Harm reduction reduction www.emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment Canábis Canábis Canábis Canábis Canábis Investigação Investigação Investigação Investigação Investigação

Entrance plaque | PROMOTIONAL & DISPLAY MATERIAL 7.31

Format | 2390 mm × 890 mm

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência

Format | 1280 mm × 445 mm

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência

The plaques shown on this page have been designed to appear at the entrance door of Format | 700 mm × 400 mm

the EMCDDA. The dimensions have been set to integrate into the segmented facade of the building, but they may be changed as necessary.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

Screen printing onto metals or aluminium

Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência

is recommended. Artwork data files are available on the accompanying flash disc.

TECHNICAL ANNEX This Technical annex is linked to Chapter 3 (Publications) of the EMCDDA Corporate identity manual. While that chapter presents the full range of EMCDDA publications and brief layout options for covers and interior pages, this annex provides more detailed rules per publication to ensure that the corporate identity is applied meticulously. Covering typography, colours, main design features and graphic motif use, this annex is intended for use by all those involved in the layout and printing of EMCDDA products.

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CONTENTS

REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON RESPONSES GUIDE

GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION

EUROPEAN DRUG REPORT

048 Overview

016 Overview

049 Front cover specifications

017 Front cover specifications

050 Publication title construction

018 Publication title construction

051 Back cover and spine

020 Back cover and spine

052 Title page and inside covers

021 Title page and inside covers

053 Legal notice and contents pages

022 Legal notice and contents pages

054 Divider page and front matter

023 Divider page and front matter

056 Part divider and part title pages

024 Chapter divider and chapter title pages

057 Interior layout

002 Publications overview

026 Interior layout – two-column

058 Headers and pagination

003 Corporate colours

027 Headers and pagination

059 Special text boxes and hyperlinks

004 Colour use in product lines

028 Interior layout – maps and graphs

060 Sub-chapter introductory page

005 Lined backgound construction

035 Interior layout – infographics

006 Basic typography rules

038 ‘Find out more’ section

COUNTRY DRUG REPORTS

007 Box construction

039 Quotation construction

062 Overview

008 Construction of vertical line for headings

040 Annex

063 Front cover specifications

012 Export to PDF for online

042 Colour use

064 Interior layout

013 Footnotes

043 Colour use in complex graphics

066 Headers and pagination and last page

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INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES 068 Overview 069 Front cover specifications INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS

070 Publication title construction 072 Back cover and spine 073 Title page and inside covers

A YEAR IN REVIEW 094 Overview

074 Legal notice and contents pages 075 Divider page and front matter 076 Part divider and part title pages

GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES

095 Interior layout

DIGITAL VERSION

077 Chapter divider and chapter title pages

086 Overview

SINGLE PROGRAMMING DOCUMENT

078 Chapter divider page (right)

087 Contents page

098 Overview

079 Chapter title page (left)

088 Foreword

099 Interior layout

080 Interior layout

089 Part title page

100 Headers and pagination and last page

081 Headers and pagination

090 Interior layout

082 Use of images

091 Headers and pagination

ANNUAL BUDGET AND ACCOUNTS

084 Annex – two-page tables

092 Last page and legal notice

102 Overview

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SERIES INSIGHTS 104 Overview 105 Front cover specifications 106 Publication title construction 107 Back cover and spine 108 Title page and inside covers 109 Legal notice and contents pages

RAPID COMMUNICATIONS

110 Divider page and front matter

128 Overview

112 Part divider and part title pages

129 Front cover specifications

113 Chapter divider and chapter title pages

130 Publication title construction

MANUALS

114 Chapter divider with contents

131 Back cover and spine

148 Overview

132 Title page and inside covers

149 Front cover specifications

115 Interior layout

133 Legal notice and contents pages

150 Publication title construction

116 Headers and pagination

134 Interior layout – two-column

152 Back cover and spine

117 References – one-column

136 Headers and pagination

153 Title page and inside covers

118 References – two-column

137 References

154 Legal notice and contents pages

and chapter title page

155 Divider page and front matter EMCDDA PAPERS

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS

156 Part divider and part title pages

120 Overview

140 Overview

157 Chapter divider with contents

121 Front cover specifications

141 Front cover specifications

and chapter title pages

122 Publication title construction and keywords

142 Publication title construction

158 Interior layout – one-column

123 Interior layout

143 Interior layout

159 Interior layout – two-column

124 Headers and pagination

144 Headers and pagination

160 Interior layout

125 References

145 References

161 Headers and pagination

126 Last page and legal notice

146 Last page and legal notice

162 References

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RISK ASSESSMENTS 198 Overview 199 Front cover specifications 200 Publication title construction MONOGRAPHS

201 Interior layout

164 Overview

202 Contents and acknowledgements

165 Front cover specifications

203 Interior layout – one-column

166 Publication title construction

204 Interior layout – two-column

168 Back cover and spine

206 Wide tables

169 Title page and inside covers

NPS OUTPUTS

207 Headers and pagination 208 References

170 Legal notice and contents pages 171 Part divider and part title pages

JOINT REPORTS

172 Chapter divider with contents

184 Overview

209 Last page and legal notice

185 Front cover specifications

IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS

173 Interior layout

186 Publication title construction

212 Overview

174 Headers and pagination

187 Interior layout

213 Front cover specifications

175 References

188 Contents and acknowledgements

214 Publication title construction

and chapter title pages

189 Interior layout – one-column

215 Interior layout

AD HOC PUBLICATIONS

190 Interior layout – two-column

216 Contents and ‘About this report’

178 Overview

192 Wide tables

217 Interior layout – one-column

179 Front cover specifications

193 Headers and pagination

219 Headers and pagination

180 Publication title construction

194 References

220 References

181 Headers and pagination

195 Last page and legal notice

221 Last page and legal notice

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JOINT PUBLISHING JOINT PUBLICATIONS 224 Overview 225 Front cover specifications EU DRUG MARKETS REPORT 226 Overview 227 Front cover specifications (In-depth Analysis) 228 Front cover specifications (Strategic Overview) 229 Publication title construction 230 Back cover and spine (In-depth Analysis)

NEWSLETTER

231 Back cover and spine (Strategic Overview) 232 Title page and inside covers

DRUGNET EUROPE

233 Legal notice and contents pages

244 Overview

234 Part divider and part title pages

245 Front cover

235 Chapter divider and chapter title pages

246 Back cover

236 Interior layout – two-column

247 Interior layout

237 Headers and pagination

250 Use of images

238 Use of images

251 Quotations

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GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION

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002 TECHNICAL ANNEX | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | Publications overview GROUP

SERIES/TITLE

Reporting on the drug phenomenon

European Drug Report: Trends and Developments Health and social responses to drug problems: a European guide Country Drug Reports General Report of Activities A Year in Review Single Programming Document (Strategy and Work Programme)

Institutional publications

Series

LAYOUT

NOTE

print, two columns

annual

multi-colour

print, two columns

triennial

multi-colour multi-colour multi-colour

A4 A4 A4

online, two columns print, one column print, three columns

annual (HTML from 2018) annual (online from 2016) annual

multi-colour

online, two columns

annual

Annual Budget

multi-colour

Annual Accounts Insights Papers

multi-colour EMCDDA Yellow one colour on rotation basis

A4 A4 A4

cover design only (if layout is required this title follows the design of the General Report of Activities) cover design only (as above) print, two columns online, two columns

Rapid communications

EMCDDA Blue

print, two columns

Perspectives on Drugs

one colour on rotation basis

online, two columns

annual numbered, occasional occasional occasional; photographs are used on the cover linked to the publication theme occasional

Manuals

EMCDDA Green

210 × 210

print, two columns

numbered, occasional

Monographs

EMCDDA Blue

160 × 240

numbered, occasional

Ad hoc publications

EMCDDA Turquoise

EMCDDA Red EMCDDA Red

A4 A4

print, one column print and/or online, one and/or two columns online, two columns online, one and two columns

EMCDDA Red one colour on a rotation basis or joint design solution between partners

online, one column

occasional

print, one and two columns

merger of partner corporate identities; photographs may be used on the cover linked to the publication theme

print, two and three columns

quarterly (print format up to edition 100; electronic news round-up from 2018)

Joint publications (e.g. EU Drug Markets Report)

annual

occasional occasional numbered, occasional

Drugnet Europe

EMCDDA Blue, with intermittent use of other secondary colours for variety

Brochures

various

See Chapter 4

Conference publications

various

See Chapter 6

Newsletter

Promotional and event literature

FORMAT

multi-colour

Outputs relating to Joint Reports new psychoactive Risk Assessments substances Implementation Reports Joint publishing

COLOUR

EMCDDA publications The above table explains the EMCDDA’s publication system and presents a succinct overview of colour use, format and layout type.

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Corporate colours | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | TECHNICAL ANNEX 003

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

Cool Grey

Typography Grey

Background Grey

Background Grey 2

Black

Primary colours

PA N TONE Reflex Blue C

PA N TONE Cool Grey 4C

PA N TONE Cool Grey 5C

PA N TONE Cool Grey 11C

PA N TONE Cool Grey 1C

PA N TONE Cool Grey 3C

PA N TONE Black 6C

The main colours used throughout the

RGB 0 / 51 / 16 0

RGB 20 4 / 20 4 / 20 4

RGB 18 0 / 18 0 / 18 0

RGB 9 0 / 9 0 / 9 0

RGB 24 0 / 24 0 / 24 0

RGB 220 / 220 / 220

RGB 0 / 0 / 0

C / M / Y / K 10 0 / 8 0 / 0 / 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 4 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 8 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 8

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 14

C / M / Y / K 0 / 0 / 0 / 10 0

WEB 0 033a 0

WEB cccccc

WEB b4b4b4

WEB 5a5a5a

WEB f0f0f0

WEB dc dc dc

WEB 000000

corporate identity are EU Blue, black and a range of greys.

Secondary colours A palette of five secondary colours complement the primary colours and are EMCDDA Yellow

EMCDDA Red

EMCDDA Turquoise

EMCDDA Blue

EMCDDA Green

used for differentiation between product

PA N TONE 135 C

PA N TONE 7416 C

PA N TONE 305 C

PA N TONE 7451 C

PA N TONE 382 C

lines or chapters in certain publications.

RGB 255 / 20 4 / 102

RGB 220 / 132 / 10 0

RGB 170 / 210 / 220

RGB 145 / 170 / 210

RGB 195 / 210 / 8 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 25 / 76 / 0

C / M / Y / K 0 / 6 0 / 6 0 / 0

C / M / Y / K 4 4 / 0 / 11 / 0

C / M / Y / K 5 0 / 25 / 0 / 0

C / M / Y / K 34 / 0 / 8 5 / 0

WEB f fc c 6 6

WEB dc 8 4 6 4

WEB aad2dc

WEB 91aad2

WEB b3d455

The complementary colours are: yellow, red, turquoise, blue and green. Throughout the corporate identity, these colours will be used mainly as accents, while white and grey will dominate. In addition to the main EMCDDA corporate colours, a broader range of colours may be used in relation to specific content (e.g. country, substance) and in complex graphics. See pages 042 and 043 for more.

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004 TECHNICAL ANNEX | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | Colour use in product lines Multi-coloured line

Yellow line

Red line

Basic colours

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Blue EMCDDA Green

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Yellow

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Red

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Red

EMCDDA Yellow EMCDDA Turquoise EMCDDA Red

Basic backgrounds Background Grey

Basic backgrounds Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA selected colour

Background Grey

Basic backgrounds Grey-lined background

40% EMCDDA selected colour

20% EMCDDA Yellow

Background Grey

40% EMCDDA Yellow

40% EMCDDA Red

Green line

Blue line

Turquoise line

Basic colours

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Green

Basic backgrounds Background Grey

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Blue

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Green

Background Grey

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Turquoise

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Turquoise

Basic backgrounds

Backgrounds

40% EMCDDA Green

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EU Blue

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Blue 40% EMCDDA Blue

Background Grey

40% EMCDDA Turquoise

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Lined backgound construction | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | TECHNICAL ANNEX 005 -5 mm 0 mm -5 mm 0 mm

bleeding 5 mm bleeding 5 mm

White_lines_for_background_construction.indd is always placed on 0/0 axis, in 100% scale (Crop to: Page bounding box). PLACEMENT WITH BLEED Set 5 mm bleed and place White_lines_for_ background_construction.indd on 0/0 axis, in 100% scale (Crop to: Bleed bounding box).

Lined backgound construction The white line pattern for the construction of the lined backgrounds is provided as an InDesign file (White_lines_for_ background_construction.indd). For the grey-lined background, use 14% black, for coloured backgrounds, use 100% of the secondary colour with the white line pattern set to 25% opacity.

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JOINT REPORTS Title

006 TECHNICAL ANNEX | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | Basic typography rules

DON’T CHAPTER

I Heading 1 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae CHAPTER 1 voluptur, verum Heading 1voloreri – Agniatibus,

JOINT REPORTS Title

Data on the pharmacokinetics of 4-methylamphetamine are limited to one study reported in 1950 of six volunteers suggesting anorectic effects lasting 6–10 hours and significant hypertension lasting 20–30 minutes, both of which were dose dependent. In addition, one user reported ‘psychedelic effects’ with a ‘plateau at two hours, and baseline at four hours’. There is no published information on the biotransformation (metabolism) of 4-methylamphetamine in animals or humans. It is reasonable to assume, however, that metabolism follows the biochemical pathways established for structurally related substances (such as mephedrone).

Data on the pharmacokinetics of 4-methylamphetamine are limited to one study reported in 1950 of six volunteers suggesting anorectic effects lasting 6–10 hours and significant hypertension lasting 20–30 minutes, both of which were dose dependent. In addition, one user reported ‘psychedelic effects’ with a ‘plateau at two hours, and baseline at four hours’. There is no published information on the biotransformation (metabolism) of 4-methylamphetamine inHeading animals or 2 humans. It is reasonable to assume, – Agniatibus, omnisti untorehowever, that metabolism follows the biochemical pathways established for structurally related substances (such as mephedrone). 3.1 Heading 3 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri

3.1.1 Heading 4 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis Heading 2– Agniatibus, omnisti untore verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri verum

Basic typography rules Rule 1: The text should be streamlined in order to optimise legibility. The shape

of the right side of the paragraph should

necessary (usable values -30/+30).

verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri

Heading 5 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri verum

Different tracking may be used on different lines of the same paragraph.

there are at least two words on the last line.

3.1.1 Heading 4 –voloreri Agniatibus, pe quatae voluptur, verumomnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri verum

Use tracking for shaping the text when

only one word on a line. Always ensure that

Heading 5 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam 3.1pe Heading 3 – Agniatibus, quis quatae voluptur, voloreriomnisti verum untore nonsendis

Heading 6 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis

flow easily and should not be staggered.

Rule 2: The paragraph should never end with

omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri verum

DON’T

3.1 Heading 3 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis

Heading 6 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreriverciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri verum

3.1.1 Heading 4 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri verum

Rule 3: Headings and contents must flow without indentation as shown here.

3.1 Heading 3 –4Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis 3.1.1 Heading – Agniatibus, omnisti untore verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri verum 3.1.1 Heading 4 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri verum

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Box construction | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | TECHNICAL ANNEX 007

DON’T

Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt / 13 pt, white, not locked on baseline grid, box 100% publication (chapter) colour or 55% black.

Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black, not locked on baseline grid, box 20% publication (chapter) colour or 8% black.

DO 4 mm

3 mm

Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae Cusam velestenis sae conseque exceperaeped utet praepere, utemolo runtinum illab ium arcias mil ipit facipsam, cupta si omnis audantur modi aliquae pelest, cus postore icabor aut quatemp ererrum dolenim porions edicide modicate et quias as expe nonsenis eos desequamus, sunt optae. Veliquae nobis reium quatia velibusae dolore nectatur alibus assita dolorec atecaboriae.

4 mm

Cientet esto ea di blam re ligent pos aut volorent hitas ea consecum idipsa evelesequi quae eossequ atiatis experchiti sita cus esti audam aciti beris moluptas aborecatusae veri omnimaio cus et volest, illabore nullorat fugiatiat rem ipsustibus ma intint quas ut quiat et, aliqui omnisqui andion reiusdam dem cum fuga. Onsequasit facearum, consed utesseriatis as eium reicipsam, ut aut autesed eum venecepe doluptatia nis mi, in ex eaquod estotatus et repernati dolorroribus adiatur sum acculles et oditiunt endanditas rem.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 7

Cusam velestenis sae conseque exceperaeped utet praepere, utemolo runtinum illab ium arcias mil ipit facipsam, cupta si omnis audantur modi aliquae pelest, cus postore icabor aut quatemp ererrum dolenim porions edicide modicate et quias as expe nonsenis eos desequamus, sunt optae. Veliquae nobis reium quatia velibusae dolore nectatur alibus assita dolorec atecaboriae.

4 mm

Box construction All boxes must be constructed as shown

3 mm

Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae

here, making sure that the margins, fonts and colours comply with the specifications. Use the table settings in Adobe InDesign as shown above. Do not create different margins between the text and box edges than those

Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae

recommended. Do not use different colours or colour values than those recommended. For box headings, only use white text in the sentence case (i.e. do not use black or grey; do not use all capitals). For box texts, only use the recommended fonts (i.e. do not use Trivia Light, do not use the grey font colour).

AGNIATIBUS, OMNISTI UNTORE NONSENDIS VERCIAM QUIS PE QUATAE Cusam velestenis sae conseque exceperaeped utet praepere, utemolo runtinum illab ium arcias mil ipit facipsam, cupta si omnis audantur modi aliquae pelest, cus postore icabor aut quatemp ererrum dolenim porions edicide modicate et quias as expe nonsenis eos desequamus, sunt optae. Veliquae nobis reium quatia velibusae dolore nectatur alibus assita dolorec atecaboriae.

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008 TECHNICAL ANNEX | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | Construction of vertical line for headings Shown at 200% magnification 3 mm

➊ ➊ HEADING 1 LINE Space before – 2 lines Space after – 1 line

I Equiates secepe es plignamp x

A x

1.603 A

A Descender line

Baseline

One-line gap

Vertical line: Trivia Sans Regular Bold Vertical line on left, 160.3% vertical scale. Bottom end of the line sits on the descender line – see details on opposite page. Do not scale horizontally.

➋

➋ REGULAR TEXT Usually Trivia Sans Book 9 pt / 13 pt Space after paragraph – 1 line All text is aligned to the baseline grid.

Ema si occum explatus ea doluptaturia culpa et mintis ex et facius pos autem eium es porerrum alibus, imil est liquisque volupturita sam quibustiae pa quam ad et quam nuscia vendae volorep eritata tibus, susant ut offici. One-line gap

➌ HEADING 2 LINES

I volupturita sam quibustiae pa quam ad et quam nuscia vendae volorep eritata tibus, susant ut offici reritibus.

Space before – 2 lines Space after – 1 line Vertical line: Trivia Sans Regular Bold For font size 10 pt with leading 13 pt, make the vertical line on left 346% vertical scale. Bottom end of the line sits on the descender line – see details on right. Do not scale horizontally.

Two-line gap

➌ 3.46 A

M quam nuscia vendae volorep eritata pibus sitas qui dolectus A

One-line gap

Taspeliquam, quidebisit, secatemodi rectis doluptur solorrum aut doloreribus eium qui temperibeati te nim faceaquo blacepedi blabo. Baseline grid

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 8

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Construction of vertical line for headings | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | TECHNICAL ANNEX 009

The vertical line is always Trivia Sans Regular Bold, constructed using the letter ‘i’ in upper case – ‘I’ and same size as adjacent text, enlarged using ‘Vertical scale’.

For vertical line construction use this formula (for font size and leading use points):

(1.122 × font size + (number of lines in heading – 1) × leading) ÷ (0.007 × font size) = % of ‘Vertical scale’ For vertical line baseline shift use this formula (for font size and leading use points):

– 0.211 × font size – (number of lines in heading – 1) × leading = ‘Baseline shift’ of vertical line

Do not use the ‘vertical line’ character for construction. Bottom end of the vertical line sits on the descender line. Do not scale horizontally. 3 mm

Third Space

160.3% A Descender line

I LVolorep

325.1% A

X A X

E xploring

Lop...forms X

VERTICAL LINE CONSTRUCTION for heading in 1 line (26 pt / 30 pt)

VERTICAL LINE CONSTRUCTION for heading in 2 lines (26 pt / 30 pt)

Vertical line for heading in 1 line is always 160.3% vertical scale of font size.

Vertical line scale: (1.122 × 26 + (2 – 1) × 30) ÷ (0.007 × 26) = 325.1% ‘Vertical scale’ (rounded from 325.120879121)

Vertical line scale: (1.122 × 26 + (1 – 1) × 30) ÷ (0.007 × 26) = 160.3% ‘Vertical scale’ (rounded from 160.285714286) Baseline shift: – 0.211 × 26 – (1 – 1) × 30 = –5.486 ‘Baseline shift’

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 9

Baseline shift: – 0.211 × 26 – (2 – 1) × 30 = –35.486 ‘Baseline shift’

You can use Google for easy calculation.

Construction of vertical line for headings This page and the following pages show detailed information on how to construct the vertical line for headings of up to 45 pt in size. Do not use for publication title construction (shown separately for each publication).

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010 TECHNICAL ANNEX | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | Construction of vertical line for headings

For vertical line construction involving multiple lines of text, use this formula:

(1.122 × font size + (number of lines in heading – 1) × leading) ÷ (0.007 × font size) = % of vertical scale For vertical line baseline shift involving multiple lines of text, use this formula:

– 0.211 × font size – (number of lines in heading – 1) × leading = Baseline shift of vertical line Third space

Third space

503.1 A

Plignamp pop...forms Equiates secepe A

VERTICAL LINE CONSTRUCTION for heading in 3 lines (20 pt / 24 pt) Vertical line scale: (1.122 × 20 + (3 – 1) × 24) ÷ (0.007 × 20) = 503.1% ‘Vertical scale’ (rounded from 503.142857143)

Baseline shift: – 0.211 × 20 – (3 – 1) × 24 = –52.22 ‘Baseline shift’

503.1 A

Plignamp pop...forms Equiates secepe es I volupturita sam

VERTICAL LINE CONSTRUCTION for heading in 4 lines (16 pt / 20 pt) Vertical line scale: (1.122 × 16 + (4 – 1) × 20) ÷ (0.007 × 16) = 696% ‘Vertical scale’ Baseline shift: – 0.211 × 16 – (4 – 1) × 20 = –63.376 ‘Baseline shift’

Space between vertical line and heading For headings 14 pt and larger, use Third space (see screenshot). For headings up to 13 pt, use 3 mm space (shown opposite).

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 10

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Construction of vertical line for headings | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | TECHNICAL ANNEX 011

For vertical line construction involving multiple lines of text, use this formula:

(1.122 × font size + (number of lines in heading – 1) × leading) ÷ (0.007 × font size) = % of vertical scale

3 mm

For vertical line baseline shift involving multiple lines of text, use this formula:

– 0.211 × font size – (number of lines in heading – 1) × leading = Baseline shift of vertical line

Uditaquam, untum voloruptam, omnihicia plibusd andipsam et provitI I quam faceped quisque nem ium denisquatur.

3 mm

903.14% A

Uditaquam, untum voloruptam, omnihicia plibusd andipsam et provit quam faceped quisque nem ium denisquatur.

VERTICAL LINE CONSTRUCTION for heading in 5 lines (10 pt / 13 pt)

Vertical line scale: (1.122 × 10 + (5 – 1) × 13) ÷ (0.007 × 10) = 903.14% ‘Vertical scale’ (rounded from 903.142857143) Baseline shift: – 0.211 × 10 – (5 – 1) × 13 = –54.11 ‘Baseline shift’

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 11

3 mm

547.7% A

Uditaquam, untum voloruptam, omnihicia plibusd andipsam et provit.

VERTICAL LINE CONSTRUCTION for heading in 3 lines (11 pt / 13 pt)

Vertical line scale: (1.122 × 11 + (3 – 1) × 13) ÷ (0.007 × 10) = 547.7% ‘Vertical scale’ (rounded from 547.742857143) Baseline shift: – 0.211 × 11 – (3 – 1) × 13 = –28.321 ‘Baseline shift’

3 mm

325.1% A

Uditaquam, untum voloruptam, omnihicia.

VERTICAL LINE CONSTRUCTION for heading in 2 lines (13 pt / 15 pt) Vertical line scale: (1.122 × 13 + (2 – 1) × 15) ÷ (0.007 × 13) = 325.1% ‘Vertical scale’ (rounded from 325.120879121) Baseline shift: – 0.211 × 13 – (2 – 1) × 15 = –17.743 ‘Baseline shift’

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012 TECHNICAL ANNEX | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | Export to PDF for online

Export to PDF for online Do not export PDF for online with bleed. While exporting PDF for online, do not convert CMYK colours to RGB. Export PDF for online in RGB only if the original document settings are already in RGB and all colours are defined in RGB.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 12

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Arylalkylamines

Tryptamines

60 | GENERAL RULES AND INFORMATION | TECHNICAL 5ANNEX 013 Footnotes Opioids

FOOTNOTE Trivia Sans Light, 7 pt / 8.4 pt, 100% black 0

Phenethylamines

Other substances

Synthetic cannabinoids

Cathinones

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

FOOTNOTE DIVIDER LINE Weight: 1 pt, width:Note: 16 mm, offset: 1.25, 80% No notifi cations in 2014 for black Aminoindanes, Arylcyclohexylamines, Piperazines, Piperidines and pyrrolidines or Plants and extracts

Of the 101 new psychoactive substances reported during 2014, 31 were cathinones and 30 were synthetic cannabinoids (6). This brings the total number of synthetic cannabinoids reported since December 2008 to 134, making them the largest group of substances monitored by the EU Early Warning System; the large number clearly illustrating the continuing attempts by manufacturers to produce new substances in order to circumvent drug control measures. Also reported in 2014 were: 9 phenethylamines, 5 opioids,

(5) The 2011 annual implementation report listed 49 substances as notified through the EU Early Warning System in 2011; this figure should have been 48. The benzodiazepine phenazepam (7-bromo-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), was notified by Germany in July 2011 but it had been previously formally notified as ‘fenazepam’ by Finland, on the first half of 2007. 6 ( ) The term ‘synthetic cannabinoids’ is used here to include: synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (such as JWH-018 which is a CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist); allosteric modulators (such as Org 27569) that change the structure of the cannabinoid receptors leading to altered activity when a ligand binds to the receptors; and, substances that act as inhibitors of the fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyses the intracellular hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid anandamide (such as URB597).

Footnotes Footnotes are unified for all publications, except the newsletter Drugnet Europe. This page shows all specifications including footnote divider-line construction details. Use the footnote options tool in InDesign and do not construct by hand.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 13

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EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 14

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REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON EUROPEAN DRUG REPORT (EDR)

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 15

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016 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | Overview

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

Trends and Developments Type: Reporting on the drug phenomenon, multi-coloured line Colours: EMCDDA full colour palette

Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt. Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur sitatetur aut abo. Et faccus perchiligeni con et pressedit omnit haristotat. Consed quunt, ea paruptat rerumqui omniendis dem doluptatio consecerume rerum, culluptatem ullorro beat. Equistrunt doluptaquos esequam ressi desto eos at re conesequam ipitati a vernam ut quaturio. Udi officiis as aut voluptam acitem. Ut laute pro destis quia plam aliasperi Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt.

Format: 210 × 297 mm (A4) Primary output: Print Layout: Two-column layout Tables: EMCDDA full colour palette

About the EMCDDA

ISSN 0000-0000

European Drug Report:

[Ut liquis esequi sequia doluptat re simintibus, occum ipsande bitata iurese solum dicid qui antotat aut excestrum asit delitiis vellam voluptatet evelent iumquias acearum fugit abo. Volorat et voluptae vid erum coreste susapernat hictat volupta tquatempore, ut hil maximenim eostiost quibusciate dolorrumquid modit fugitatiorum quia corum ab illor alitas et alitatum cuptis dolupta tiatis et quam, cum harciur rat.]

EUROPEAN DRUG REPORT 2020 Trends and Developments

About this report

Basic colours

(varying percentages)

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Blue

Graphics: EMCDDA full colour palette as

EMCDDA Green

required (e.g. maps, figures, infographics)

EMCDDA Yellow EMCDDA Turquoise

The following pages describe the

Trends and Developments

EMCDDA Red

layout features, colours and typography of the European Drug Report. An Adobe InDesign template is available with all graphic elements to facilitate close observance of the design rules.

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

For more information, see page 3.14.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 16

Basic backgrounds

2020

Background Grey

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Blue 20% EMCDDA Green 20% EMCDDA Yellow 20% EMCDDA Turquoise 20% EMCDDA Red

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Front cover specifications | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 017

16 mm, for perfect binding

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

14 mm XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

21 mm 48 mm

14 mm

ISSN 0000-0000

max. 35 mm (EDR)

EUROPEAN DRUG REPORT 2020 Trends and Developments

variable, min. 25 mm

Trivia Sans Medium, 19 pt, white, vertically centred in blue box

10.5 mm

Trivia Sans Book, 10.5 pt, 55% black 4.5 mm

Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt Leading 110% font size optical kerning, 95% black Larger letters in the title are better, respecting designated space for title See next page for details

Trivia Sans Book, 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black

Trends and Developments TITLE AREA – right edge of the area for the title 85% page width

85%

Front cover specifications

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

2020

Trivia Sans Light, 80 pt, EU Blue

This page shows the placement of the various elements on the front cover of the

14 mm

European Drug Report, along with detailed measurements and font specifications.

14 mm

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 17

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018 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | Publication title construction

0.5 X

1.5 X

0.4 X

PUBLICATION TITLE TYPOGRAPHY

Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt, 95% black. 0.4 X X 0.4 X

Publication title construction Larger letters are recommended in the title.

0.4 X X

The title should be as large as possible

0.4 X

within the designated title area. All words in the main title should have the same font size. Ideally, the title should not exceed four lines. 0.4 X

The title and vertical lines must be constructed exactly as shown here. The font must not be distorted. The letter spacing must be set at a ratio

25 mm

Trends and Developments

Trivia Sans Book, 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black

of -10 / +10, optical kerning.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 18

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Europos narkotikų vartojimo paplitimo ataskaita Tendencijos ir pokyčiai

Tendances et évolutions

Raportul european privind drogurile

ISSN 2314-9183

Rapport européen sur les drogues

ISSN 2314-9132

ISSN 2314-9108

ISSN 2314-9035

Evropská zpráva o drogách Trendy a vývoj

Tendinţe şi evoluţii

2020

2020 Publication title construction — correct

TD-AT-13-001-LT-N

TD-AT-13-001-RO-N

TD-AT-13-001-CS-N

Apie Europos narkotikų ir narkomanijos stebėsenos centrą

Europos narkotikų ir narkomanijos stebėsenos centras – tai centrinė informacijos apie narkotikus įstaiga Europoje. Centro uždavinys – ES ir valstybėms narėms teikti „faktinę, objektyvią, patikimą ir palyginamą informaciją“ apie narkotikus ir narkomaniją ir šių reiškinių pasekmes. 1993 m. įsteigtas Centras, savo veiklą pradėjęs 1995 m., yra viena iš decentralizuotų ES agentūrų. Puikią įvairių sričių specialistų komandą turinti agentūra teikia politikams faktinę informaciją, kurios pagrindu rengiami kovos su narkotikais teisės aktai ir veiklos strategijos. Centro vykdoma veikla taip pat padeda šios srities specialistams ir tyrėjams nustatyti geriausią veiklos praktiką ir naujas tyrimų sritis.

Tendinţe şi evoluţii

Europos narkotikų vartojimo paplitimo ataskaita Tendencijos ir pokyčiai

ISSN 2314-9132

Trendy a vývoj

Raportul european privind drogurile

Tendencijos ir pokyčiai

Observatorul European pentru Droguri şi Toxicomanie (EMCDDA) este centrul de informaţii privind drogurile în Europa. Misiunea sa este să furnizeze UE şi statelor membre „informaţii obiective, fiabile şi comparabile” privind drogurile, dependenţa de droguri şi consecinţele acestora. Înfiinţat în 1993, EMCDDA şi-a deschis porţile la Lisabona, în 1995, şi este una dintre agenţiile descentralizate ale UE. Dispunând de o echipă multidisciplinară puternică, agenţia oferă responsabililor politici baza de informaţii probatorii de care au nevoie pentru elaborarea de legi şi strategii în materie de droguri. De asemenea, EMCDDA sprijină profesioniştii şi cercetătorii în reperarea de bune practici şi noi domenii de analiză.

Ataskaitoje „Tendencijos ir pokyčiai“ aukščiausiu lygiu apžvelgiamas narkotikų reiškinys Europoje, aptariant narkotikų pasiūlos, vartojimo, visuomenės sveikatos problemas, taip pat narkotikų kontrolės strategiją ir kovos su narkotikais priemones. Ši ataskaita kartu su internete skelbiamu statistikos biuleteniu, šalių apžvalgomis ir leidiniu „Perspektyvos narkotikų srityje“ sudaro 2013 m. Europos narkotikų vartojimo ataskaitos informacinės medžiagos rinkinį.

LT EUROPOS 2013 M. NARKOTIKŲ VARTOJIMO PAPLITIMO ATASKAITA

Despre EMCDDA

Tendinţe şi evoluţii

Trendy a vývoj

Evropská zpráva o drogách

Apie šią ataskaitą

ISSN 2314-9183

Raportul Tendinţe şi evoluţii prezintă o vedere de ansamblu, de prim nivel, a fenomenului drogurilor în Europa, incluzând furnizarea de droguri, utilizarea acestora şi problemele de sănătate publică, precum şi politica şi soluţiile pentru combaterea drogurilor. Buletinul statistic, disponibil online, împreună cu publicaţiile Rezumate de ţară şi Perspective în materie de droguri, alcătuiesc pachetul pentru 2013 al Raportului european privind drogurile.

and incorrect use

RO RAPORTUL EUROPEAN PRIVIND DROGURILE 2013

Despre acest raport

ISSN 2314-9035

EVROPSKÁ ZPRÁVA O DROGÁCH 2013

Publication title construction | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 019

The EDR is published in 24 languages. Due to the varying length of the translated text, some titles must be scaled down in order to fit into the designated title area. Long titles are to be scaled proportionally, together with the vertical lines (see examples above). The font size of the subtitle does not change (20 pt) and remains 20 mm under the main title (shown opposite).

2020

The typography in the titles should not be distorted.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 19

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020 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | Back cover and spine 12 mm

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

centred on spine width

logo width 18 mm

0 mm

27 mm

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

The ‘About this report‘ title sits on a white line and the rest of the text flows freely.

58.9 mm About this report About this report [Ut liquis esequi doluptat re simintibus, [Utsequia liquis esequi sequia doluptat re simintibus, occum ipsande bitataipsande iurese solum qui antotat occum bitata dicid iurese solum dicid qui antotat aut excestrumaut asitexcestrum delitiis vellam voluptatet evelent asit delitiis vellam voluptatet evelent iumquias acearum fugitacearum abo. Volorat voluptae videt voluptae vid iumquias fugitetabo. Volorat erum coreste susapernat hictat volupta hictat tquatempore, erum coreste susapernat volupta tquatempore, ut hil maximenim quibusciate ut hileostiost maximenim eostiostdolorrumquid quibusciate dolorrumquid modit fugitatiorum corum abquia illor corum alitas et moditquia fugitatiorum abalitatum illor alitas et alitatum cuptis doluptacuptis tiatis et quam,tiatis cum et harciur dolupta quam,rat.] cum harciur rat.]

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

Laborib eatist Laborib inum alicidignia enisalicidignia que consed eatist inum enisquas que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi oditatia omnis derrovidunt. verorem in eiciliquo quodi omnis derrovidunt. Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur sitatetur aut abo. Et faccus perchiligeni et pressedit sitatetur aut abo. Et faccuscon perchiligeni con et pressedit omnit haristotat. Consed quunt,Consed ea paruptat rerumqui omnit haristotat. quunt, ea paruptat rerumqui omniendis dem doluptatio consecerume rerum, omniendis dem doluptatio consecerume rerum, culluptatem ullorro beat. Equistrunt doluptaquos culluptatem ullorro beat. Equistrunt doluptaquos esequam ressiesequam desto eosressi at redesto conesequam a eos at re ipitati conesequam ipitati a vernam ut quaturio. Udi ciis as aut vernam ut offi quaturio. Udi voluptam officiis as acitem. aut voluptam acitem. Ut laute pro destis quiapro plam aliasperi Laborib eatist Laborib eatist Ut laute destis quia plam aliasperi inum alicidignia enisalicidignia que consed in inum enisquas queverorem consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi oditatia omnis derrovidunt. eiciliquo quodi omnis derrovidunt.

Back cover The exact placement of elements on the back cover is specified here (printed

About the EMCDDA About the EMCDDA

EUROPEAN DRUG REPORT 2020 Trends and Developments

+8.74 mm

EUROPEAN DRUG REPORT 2020 Trends and Developments

HEADING Trivia Sans Medium, 11 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

publication). The multilingual logo is used on a white background. Texts ‘About this report’ and ‘About the EMCDDA’ are placed on the grey-lined background.

TrendsTrends and Development and Develo

Spine The minimum width of the spine is 4 mm. The spine carries the publication title and the subtitle. In cases where the spine is wide (12 mm or more), the publication title

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0 ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

and the subtitle may be placed on two lines if required. 30 mm

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 20

12 mm

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Title page and inside covers | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 021 20 mm

21 mm

14 mm

35 mm

logo height 21 mm

GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU

In person All over the European Union there are hundreds of Europe Direct information centres. You can find the address of the

137 mm

centre nearest you at: http://europa.eu/contact

On the phone or by e-mail Europe Direct is a service that answers your questions about the European Union. You can contact this service • by freephone: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (certain operators may charge for these calls)

94 mm

• at the following standard number: +32 22999696 or • by electronic mail via: http://europa.eu/contact

FINDING INFORMATION ABOUT THE EU

Online Information about the European Union in all the official languages of the EU is available on the Europa website at: http://europa.eu

EU publications You can download or order free and priced EU publications from EU Bookshop at: http://bookshop.europa.eu. Multiple copies of free publications may be obtained by contacting Europe Direct or your local information centre (see http://europa.eu/contact)

EU law and related documents

Trends and Developments

For access to legal information from the EU, including all EU law since 1951 in all the official language versions, go to EUR-Lex at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu

Open data from the EU The EU Open Data Portal (http://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data) provides access to datasets from the EU. Data can be downloaded and reused for free, both for commercial and non-commercial purposes.

2020

15 mm 60 mm

13.5 mm

Title page The title on the title page is constructed in the same way as on the front cover, scaled

Scaled constraining proportions from cover page to fit into the designated area, 40% black

TABLE ‘GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU’ Place the provided file Getting in touch and Legal Notice.indd

to fit inside the column area as shown. The subtitle is 20 pt and 14 mm below the title. Except for the title size in the various languages, these are fixed layouts. Inside covers The inside covers are Background Grey

19 mm

Trends and Developments

Trivia Sans Book, 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black

(8% black). The inside back cover carries additional information on ‘Getting in touch with the EU’.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 21

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022 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | Legal notice and contents pages CONTENTS HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 15 pt, 80% black PAGE NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 14 pt, 80% black

20 mm

130 mm

60 mm

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I Legal notice

I Contents

Preface

Introductory note and acknowledgements

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, year

For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EMCDDA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

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59 Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (year), publication title, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

I I I I I I

SUMMARY Old and new drug problems — the European landscape in 2013 CHAPTER 1 Drug supply in Europe CHAPTER 2 Drug use and drug-related problems CHAPTER 3 Responding to drugs CHAPTER 4 Drug policies ANNEX National data tables

Legal notice and contents pages The legal notice and content pages are fixed layouts in EMCDDA publications.

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

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I Preface This year, the EMCDDA’s annual analysis of the drug situation is presented in a new format. Consisting of a set of interlinked products, the European Drug Report (EDR) 2013 package aims to provide a common entry point to the work of the EMCDDA and allow different audiences easy access to the specific information they require. It provides an analysis that is more timely, interactive and interlinked. These developments are necessary to keep pace with both the rapidly shifting drug situation and the growing needs and changing expectations of our audiences.

Preface The preface should follow a standard, single-column text layout.

Central to the EDR package is this report (also available online), which provides a top-level summary of trends and developments. The accompanying Perspectives on drugs (PODs) provide deeper insights into important issues, which this year include new treatment approaches for hepatitis C, high-risk cannabis use and the control of increasingly available new psychoactive substances. Additional layers to the package are provided by the Statistical bulletin and Country overviews, where national-level data and analysis can be found.

Introductory note and acknowledgements

EUROPEAN DRUG REPORT 2013

This page has a fixed layout in the EDR.

A set of interlinked elements allowing full access to the available data and analysis on drug use in Europe

New content should be introduced into the existing design, without changing the

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

ISSN 1609-6150

overall look or adding new graphic motifs

or typographical styles.

Trends and developments

2013 Trends and developments providing a top-level analysis of key developments

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Statistical bulletin

Country overviews

containing full data arrays, explanatory graphics and methodological information

national data and analysis at your fingertips

Perspectives on drugs interactive windows on key issues

I Introductory note and acknowledgements This report is based on information provided to the EMCDDA by the EU Member States, the candidate countries Croatia and Turkey, and Norway. Statistical data reported here are for 2011, or the most recent year available. European totals and trends are based on those countries providing sufficient and relevant data for the period specified. The data analysis prioritises levels, trends and geographical distribution. The necessary technical caveats and qualifications of the data may be found in the English language online version of this report and in the EMCDDA Statistical bulletin 2013, where information on methodology, reporting countries and years is available. In addition, the online version provides links to further resources.

This approach coincides with the launch of a new EU drugs strategy for 2013–20, in which the European Union reaffirms its commitment to a balanced and evidence-based approach to drug issues. An important part of the EMCDDA’s mission is to help provide the information necessary to implement this strategy. Many of the positive developments surrounding drugs in Europe have been the result of a debate that has been informed by both an increasingly sound understanding of the problems and a scientifically rigorous assessment of the measures required to address them. We are proud of the part that the EMCDDA has played in this.

The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their help in producing this report:

I the heads of the Reitox national focal points and their staff; I the services and experts within each Member State that collected the raw data for this report;

I the members of the Management Board and the Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA; I the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union — in particular its Horizontal Working Party on Drugs — and the European Commission;

I the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Europol;

I the Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe, the United Nations Office on Drugs and

I the Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union, Missing Element Designers and Composiciones Rali.

Reitox national focal points Reitox is the European information network on drugs and drug addiction. The network is comprised of national focal points in the EU Member States, Norway, the candidate countries and at the European Commission. Under the responsibility of their governments, the focal points are the national authorities providing drug information to the EMCDDA. The contact details of the national focal points may be found on the EMCDDA website emcdda.europa.eu.

5 9

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Chapter 1

Drug supply in Europe

from the chapter itself. The quotation is to be placed in the designated area. The quotations do not have to be placed in exactly the same place in each chapter

title page, allowing for a dynamic layout. The chapter number in large scale (144 pt) is placed in its designated place on top of the grey-lined field. The right page contains: a chapter colour stripe (with the chapter and number inserted); the chapter title (aligning horizontally with the top of the grey-lined area opposite); the lead paragraph (in a larger font) and the start of the body text. A highlight box (always in the chapter colour) is often included on this page. The space between the headline and the contents can be adjusted according to the

Reflecting its high prevalence of use, cannabis is by far the most seized drug in Europe

Monitoring drug supply Analysis in this section is based on a range of data sources: drug seizures; dismantled drug production facilities; seizures of precursor chemicals; drug supply offences; retail drug prices, as well as forensic analyses of drug seizures. Full data sets and extensive methodological notes can be found in the Statistical bulletin. It should be noted that trends can be influenced by a range of factors which include law enforcement activity levels and the effectiveness of interdiction measures. Data on new psychoactive substances are based on notifications to the EU Early warning system, which relies on data provided by the EMCDDA’s and Europol’s national networks. A full description of this mechanism can be found on the EMCDDA website under Action on new drugs.

One million seizures of illicit drugs in Europe

A substantial increase has been seen in the long-term trend in the number of seizures of illicit drugs made in Europe, with about one million seizures reported for 2011. Most of these were small quantities of drugs confiscated from users, although this total also includes multi-kilogram consignments seized from traffickers and producers. The majority of seizures in 2011 were reported by just two countries, Spain and the United Kingdom, however, Belgium and four Nordic countries also reported relatively high numbers. Another important country in respect to drug seizures is Turkey, with some of the drugs intercepted

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Drug supply in Europe

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Europe is a major destination for controlled substances and also plays its high prevalence of use, a limited roleRefl asecting a transit point for drugs cannabis is by far the most seized drug in Europe en route to other regions. Latin America, West Asia and North Africa are important source areas for drugs entering Europe; however, the dynamics of the modern drug market mean that other regions of the world are now of growing importance. Europe is also a producing region for EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 25 cannabis and synthetic drugs.

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controlled under international drug control treaties represents a relatively new development on European drug markets. Commonly produced outside of Europe, these substances can be obtained through online retailers, specialised shops, and are also sometimes being sold along with controlled substances on the illicit drug market.

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One million seizures of illicit drugs in Europe

Analysis in this section is based on a range of data sources: drug seizures; dismantled drug production facilities; seizures of precursor chemicals; drug The majority of seizures in 2011 were reported by just two countries, Spain and the United Kingdom, however, supply offences; retail drug prices, as well Belgium and fouras Nordic countries also reported relatively high numbers. Another important country in respect to drug seizures is Turkey, with some of the drugs intercepted forensic analyses of drug seizures. Full data sets and 15 extensive methodological notes can be found in the Statistical bulletin. It should be noted that trends can be influenced by a range of factors which include law 21 mm enforcement activity levels and the effectiveness of interdiction measures. Data on new psychoactive substances are based on notifications to the EU Early warning system,

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Cannabis

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European Drug Report 2020: Trends and Developments

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flow and add a quotation or graphic motif.

For construction see specifications on page

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037 of this Technical annex.

008–011 of this Technical annex.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 26

Cocaine

Only a few countries report problems with crack cocaine use, and where this is found it often overlaps with the problematic use of other substances, including heroin. The use of powder cocaine is far more common but tends to be concentrated in a relatively small number of western European countries. Overall, both cocaine use and supply indicators have been trending downwards in recent years, and the dramatic decrease in the amount seized is probably influenced, in part, by organised crime groups diversifying trafficking routes and techniques. The Iberian Peninsula remains important for seizures, but proportionally less so than in the past, while reports of cocaine seizures in eastern Europe are worrying and raise questions about the potential for further diffusion of use. In the higher-prevalence countries, both survey and

The number of heroin users entering treatment for the

examples throughout this EDR section).

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Heroin and other opioids

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Despite some evidence of decreasing trends, especially in countries with a long and established history of high prevalence, cannabis use in Europe remains high by historical standards, with a large and relatively robust market existing for this substance. There is also increasing diversity in the types of cannabis products available. Herbal cannabis, sometimes of high potency, now plays a more important role, accompanied by the recent emergence of synthetic ‘cannabis-like’ products. Both are developments that are potentially worrying from a public health perspective. Given its status as the most commonly used drug, cannabis is an important issue for prevention work with young people, and in this area there is growing interest in the use of environmental prevention strategies. This reflects the evidence that suggests that environmental approaches have proved useful for reducing problems associated with the use of licit substances such as tobacco and alcohol.

Cannabis is also the drug that divides public attitudes, with some countries making an explicit distinction between cannabis and other substances in their drug control policies.

bottom of the column (a minimum of two

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84.5 mm first time also continues to fall, and overall those in heroin treatment are an ageing population. Opioid-related deaths have also decreased in recent years. Historically, heroin use has been characterised by injecting, but a long-term decline has been seen in this behaviour. This, together with the impact of interventions, is likely to have contributed to the decline seen in the number of new HIV infections attributed to drug use. A worrying observation here, however, is that recent HIV outbreaks related to drug injection in Greece and Romania have interrupted this positive trend. This emphasises the continued need to consolidate responses, especially with respect to harm reduction and effective drug treatment, if Europe is to continue to see a decrease in problems in this area. Regardless of any new trends in heroin use, the intractable nature of this problem means it will remain a key issue for drug services for many years to come. Faced with a large number of drug users now in contact with services, there is a growing need to focus on continuity of care, social reintegration services and building a consensus on what constitutes realistic long-term outcomes for recovery.

Cannabis

Any positive changes in indicators of overall use of cannabis in Europe need to be understood in the context of a fairly heterogeneous situation at national level; for example, some countries consistently report low and stable prevalence levels, whereas the use of cannabis in many central and eastern European countries increased considerably during the 2000s. Trends also need to be viewed alongside different use patterns, with regular and long-term use being most associated with harm. Cannabis problems are now better recognised and understood in Europe; the drug represents the second most commonly reported substance for clients entering specialised drug treatment. While most cannabis treatment entrants tend to be male and relatively young, problems among older chronic users are becoming more recognised.

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risk of experiencing health problems from their drug use

seized were reported by the Netherlands (2 million), Italy but now may be produced elsewhere. Some lim (1 million) and the United Kingdom (627 000), while Spain production of opioid drugs also still takes place Headers and pagination | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 027 (26 tonnes) and Bulgaria (5 tonnes) reported the largest principally homemade poppy products reported seizures by weight. of eastern Europe.

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erences in levels EuropeanADrug new dimension: synthetic cannabinoid Summary and new drug problems — the European landscape in 2020 Report 2020: and Developments I OldTrends vidual countries. receptor agonists for 353 diagnoses, LEFT PAGE HEADER FIGURE 1.3 Baseline at 10 mm from top of the page, 6 mm e countries The recent availability of products containing synthetic from left edge, Trivia Sans Light, 7.3 pt, 80% black (Publication title). aria, Estonia and cannabinoid receptor agonists (CRAs), which mimic the I Number of cannabis seizures, and quantity seized in tonnes: resin and herb, 2001–11 RIGHT PAGE HEADER newly diagnosed effsold ectsas ofor the naturally psychoactive compounds line in cocaine mixed with occurring amphetamine. Clusters of deaths Baseline at 10 mm from top of the page, 6 mm Number of seizures I from right edge, Trivia Sans Light, 7.3 pt, in 2011,standards. while in found in cannabis, adds a new dimension theassessment cannabis storical associated with this substance triggered atorisk 80% black (Chapter number) Trivia Sans Medium 7.3 pt, 80% black (Chapter name). 500 000 500 000 ain and Portugal These which can be extremely potent, caine use has all market. exercise and products, subsequent recommendation for control at TYPOGRAPHY dwhen trendinterpreting observable have now been reported in virtuallyI all European countries. Regular text: Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 13 pt European level. space after, aligned to baseline grid. 250 000 250 000 Multi-kilogram quantities in powder form are usually ed to the use Heading: Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt / 13 pt, aligned to baseline grid, 26 pt space before, imported from Asia, with processing and packaging at hospital I 13 pt space after. 0occurring in Europe. Some evidence also exists of then Quotation: Trivia Slab Bold, 16 pt / 22 pt,0 e, but our capacity New psychoactive substances Colour strip in background, 7 mm high, 2001 2002 being 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 colour (EMCDDA 2010 colour). 2011 chapter source chemicals transited through Europe, such In terms of Please see typography details on page 006 asAn a recent seizure of almost 15psychoactive kilograms ofsubstances, a pure CRA of this Technical annex. ilable to problem increasing number of new powder originating from China, to Russia. current evidence often intended to mimic the effbut ectsen ofroute controlled drugs, can Resin (tonnes) Herb (tonnes) PAGE NUMBER I

Summary Old and new drug problems — the European landscape in 2020

European Drug Report 2020: Trends and Developments

Cannabis

Cannabis is also the drug that divides public attitudes, with some countries making an explicit distinction between cannabis and other substances in their drug control policies.

ychosocial

first time also continues to fall, and overall those in heroin treatment are an ageing population. Opioid-related deaths have also decreased in recent years. Historically, heroin use has been characterised by injecting, but a long-term decline has been seen in this behaviour. This, together with the impact of interventions, is likely to have contributed to the decline seen in the number of new HIV infections attributed to drug use. A worrying observation here, however, is that recent HIV outbreaks related to drug injection in Greece and Romania have interrupted this positive trend. This emphasises the continued need to consolidate responses, especially with respect to harm reduction and effective drug treatment, if Europe is to continue to see a decrease in problems in this area. Regardless of any new trends in heroin use, the intractable nature of this problem means it will remain a key issue for drug services for many years to come. Faced with a large number of drug users now in contact with services, there is a growing need to focus on continuity of care, social reintegration services and building a consensus on what constitutes realistic long-term outcomes for recovery.

Cocaine

Only a few countries report problems with crack cocaine use, and where this is found it often overlaps with the problematic use of other substances, including heroin. The use of powder cocaine is far more common but tends to be concentrated in a relatively small number of western European countries. Overall, both cocaine use and supply indicators have been trending downwards in recent years, and the dramatic decrease in the amount seized is probably influenced, in part, by organised crime groups diversifying trafficking routes and techniques. The Iberian Peninsula remains important for seizures, but proportionally less so than in the past, while reports of cocaine seizures in eastern Europe are worrying and raise questions about the potential for further diffusion of use.

treatment entry data suggest a recent decline in cocaine use, although levels still remain high by historical standards. The number of deaths associated with cocaine use has fallen slightly, although caution is required when interpreting the data in this area. Acute problems related to the use of cocaine have resulted in presentations at hospital emergency departments in parts of Europe, but our capacity to monitor problems in this area is limited. In terms of treatment, specialist services are now available to problem cocaine users in many countries, with the current evidence base in this area supporting the use of psychosocial interventions.

Synthetic stimulants

sold as or mixed with amphetamine. Clusters of deaths associated with this substance triggered a risk assessment exercise and subsequent recommendation for control at European level.

New psychoactive substances

An increasing number of new psychoactive substances, often intended to mimic the effects of controlled drugs, can be found in Europe. Some substances are sold directly on the illicit market, while others, the so-called ‘legal highs’ are sold more openly. Developments move rapidly in this area, with substances appearing at a fast rate. Occasionally a substance appears which makes the crossover to become a drug of choice on the illicit marketplace, the most recent example being mephedrone. The EU Early warning system continues to receive reports of around one new substance a week in 2013. Recent years have been dominated by the appearance of new synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (CRAs), phenethylamines and cathinones, mirroring to a large extent the most popular illicit drugs. A recent development, however, is an increasing proportion of substances reported that are from less known and more obscure chemical groups. Many of the products on sale contain mixtures of substances, and the lack of pharmacological and toxicological data means it is hard to speculate on long term health implications of use, but increasingly data shows that some of these substances cause problems requiring clinical interventions, and fatalities have been recorded. The European Commission is preparing a new proposal for strengthening the EU response to new psychoactive substances. Although use of new psychoactive substances is seen mainly among young recreational users, there has been some diffusion into problem drug user populations. Some replacement of opioids by synthetic stimulants, especially cathinones, was noted in countries reporting heroin shortages. The motive for the transition from injecting heroin to cathinones is unclear, but may be linked to easy availability and perceived high quality of the new drugs. Public health concerns exist regarding increased levels of injection, mental health problems and physical damage. To date, countries have experimented with a range of control measures to respond to the new-drug problem. Less well developed, but equally important, is the need to identify and introduce appropriate demand reduction responses.

be found inAgainst Europe. Some substances are sold directly on the background 1 200 of an overall increase the illicit market, while others, the so-called ‘legal highs’ are in treatment availability for heroin users, indicators now 1 000 Developments move rapidly in this area, suggest a downward trend 18 sold more openly. in both use and availability of this drug appearing at a fast rate. Occasionally a with substances 800 substance appears which makes the crossover to become 600 a drug of choice on the illicit marketplace, the most recent 400 example being mephedrone. The EU Early warning system synthetic 11.5 mm 1.5 mm continues to receive reports of around one new substance that they are often 200 I

In the higher-prevalence countries, both survey and

Heroin and other opioids

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 27

Stimulants, especially at high doses, can have adverse health consequences, and some deaths are reported annually. For stimulant users experiencing problems, their first point of contact with services will often be with hospital emergency departments. European projects are currently under way to improve monitoring of this area and provide guidelines on effective responses to drug emergencies in nightlife settings. Although stimulant-related deaths are relatively uncommon, they do generate considerable concern, especially when they occur among young, otherwise healthy, adults. The emergence of new psychoactive substances with unknown toxicity adds further complications. A recent example is the emergence of the non-controlled stimulant substance 4-MA, which was first notified 2009, on the illicit drug market, either

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The quantity of heroin s in 2011 was the lowest reported in the last dec and equivalent to only about half of the quantiR seized in 2001 H

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Chapter 1 Drug supply in Europe

European Drug Report 2020: Trends and Developments

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Number of reported seizures by country (left), and proportion of seizures for the main drugs (right), 2011

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Number of cocaine seizures and quantity seized, 2001–11

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Ecstasy 1%

Methamphetamine 1% 75 000

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Amphetamine 4% 25

Herbal cannabis 41%

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being intended for consumption in other countries, both in Europe and in the Middle East. Reflecting its high prevalence of use, cannabis is by far the most seized drug in Europe (Figure 1.1). Cocaine ranks second overall, with about double the number of seizures reported for either amphetamines or heroin. The number of ecstasy seizures is lower, and has declined considerably in recent years. FIGURE1

TEXT AREA On pages with figures, the text area beneath starts at 144 mm from the top of the page.

Cannabis: changes in supply

Two distinct cannabis products are commonly found on the European drugs market: herbal cannabis (‘marijuana’) and cannabis resin (‘hashish’). The annual consumption of these products can be roughly estimated at around 2 500 tonnes.

2002

2003

2004

Spain France Other countries

of all cannabis seizures (Figure 1.3). This reflects, in part, the growing availability of domestically produced herbal cannabis in many countries. The quantity of cannabis resin seized, however, although falling in recent years, is still much higher than the quantity of herbal cannabis reported (483 tonnes versus 92 tonnes in 2011). European trends in cannabis seizures have to be understood in the context that data from a limited number of countries are disproportionately important (Figure 1.4). Spain, for example, with its close proximity to Morocco, and substantial internal market, reported around two-thirds of the quantity of resin seized in Europe in 2011. In respect to herbal cannabis, Greece and Italy both reported recent large increases in quantities seized. Since 2007, Turkey has been the country seizing the largest quantities of herbal cannabis.

2005

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Netherlands Italy Portugal

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Belgium

In 2011, around 86 000 seizures of cocaine were reported in Europe, amounting to 62 tonnes of the drug being intercepted. This represents an almost 50% fall from the 120 tonnes of cocaine seized in the peak year 2006. The number of seizures has also fallen, but less markedly, having peaked at 100 000 seizures in 2008 (Figure 1.7). Decreases in the quantity of cocaine seized are most observable in the Iberian Peninsula, where the total intercepted by Spain and Portugal fell from 84 tonnes in 2006 to 20 tonnes in 2011.

This is similar to the quantity seized in the Netherlands and Belgium, which reported combined seizures of 18 tonnes of the drug in 2011. Record seizures of cocaine were reported in 2011 by France (11 tonnes) and Italy (6 tonnes). It is unclear to what extent the changes in quantities of cocaine seized in European countries reflect overall changes in supply to the European market, changes in law enforcement practices, or the introduction of new operational approaches by drug trafficking organisations.

COCAINE

tonnes seized

85 700

seized 63 tonnes including Turkey

seizures

31 200

98 €

87 000 seizures including Turkey

reported supply-related offences

cking offences 16% offortraffi the six main drugs

77 €

Herbal cannabis found in Europe is both cultivated domestically and trafficked from neighbouring countries, although some reports mention herb originating in other regions including Africa. Most cannabis resin is imported by sea or by air from Morocco. At European level, interceptions of resin are on average larger in size than those of herb. INFOGRAFIKA FIGURE 1.2 Over the past ten years, the number of herbal seizures has overtaken that of resin, and now represents more than half

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 28

Over the past ten years, the number of herbal seizures has overtaken that of resin, and ndp represents more than half of all cannabis seizures

IQR 22% 29%

56 €

61%

IQR 48%

Purity (%) Price and purity of cocaine: national mean values, minimum, maximum and interquartile range (IQR).

50 €

Price (EUR/g) Countries covered vary by indicator.

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| TECHNICAL ANNEX 029 Interior layout – maps and graphs | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON 120 100 I

Chapter 1 Drug supply in Europe

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1.9

6.3

60 3.7

➊ FIGURE TITLE

0.4 0.5

0.6

Horizontal: 0.4 pt, dotted, 100% black Vertical: 0.2 pt, dotted, 100% black

0 2002

2003

2004

Spain France Other countries

➏

2005

2006

2007

Netherlands Italy Portugal

2008

2009

2010

2011

Tonnes <0.1 0.1–1.0 1.1–10 >10 NB: Amounts seized (in tonnes) for the ten countries with highest values.

Belgium

COCAINE

tonnes seized

seized 63 tonnes including Turkey

85 700

seizures

31 200

98 €

87 000 seizures including Turkey

reported supply-related offences

cking offences 16% offortraffi the six main drugs

77 € EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 29

Trivia Sans Medium, 8 pt / 9 pt, 80% black

➋ GRAPH AXIS

2001

Netherlands Italy Portu

➌ GRAPH AXIS VALUES, ETC.

Sans Book, 6 pt, 80% black InTrivia 2011, around 86 000 seizures o ➍ GRAPH CURVE full line, colours from EDR graph palette in 1.5 pt, Europe, amounting to 62 tonne ➎ GRAPH RANGE FIELD intercepted. This represents an alm Full colour area, use colours specified on page 043 of this Technical annex. 120 tonnes of cocaine seized in th ➏ GRAPH / MAP LEGEND Trivia Sans Book, 7 pt / 9 pt, 80% black, colour number of4 × 2 seizures sample rectangles mm horizontallyhas also fallen centred in the text line, two n-space before, one n-space after. peaked at 100 000 seizures in 200 Line samples – short line (4.8 mm long), pt thick, rotated 45°. (shown next page). in 1.5the quantity ofoncocaine seized a Iberian Peninsula, where the total Portugal fell from 84 tonnes in 20 18/06/2018 17:02

030 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | Interior layout – maps and graphs

Chapter 2 Drug use and drug-related problems

3.5

10 8 ➋

1.9

11 horizontal against a grey background

Denmark

Spain

UK (England and Wales)

Finland

Germany

Netherlands

6.3

2011

Over 3 million daily cannabis users and rising treatment demand

see pages 042–044 of this Technical annex.

Percent

0–4

4.1–8

8.1–12

>12

survey. Data from 22 countries, suggest that around 1% of adults, at least three million, report using the drug in this way. Over two-thirds of these are aged between 15 and 34 years, and in this age group, over three-quarters are male. INFOGRAFIKA

0.4

CANNABIS USERS IN TREATMENT Characteristics

For specific map use and colour definition,

Trends in first-time entrants

0.5

Mean age at first use

16% 14%

84% 16%

16 0.6 25

Mean age at treatment entry

60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000

Frequency of use Daily

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 30

2010

2009

Czech Republic

A significant minority of cannabis users consume the substance intensively. Daily or almost daily cannabis use is defined as use on 20 or more days in the month preceding

bleeding off the page.

Poland

Estonia

NB: Trends for ten countries with the highest prevalence and three or more surveys.

Figure consisting of graph and map The graph-map graphics are always

France

2008

➊

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1990

Country numbers (optional): Trivia Sans Medium, 6 pt, white.

Percent

1993

MAP Use provided file, for map use chapter colour in shades or map colours defined on pages 040–041 of this Technical annex. Map must be on defined grey background (8% black) ➊, this is also the border colour ➋.

Last year prevalence of cannabis use among young adults: selected trends (left) and most recent data (right)

1992

GRAPH AXIS VALUES, ETC. Trivia Sans Book, 6 pt, 80% black, 1.5 pt, full line, colour from EDR graphs palette.

FIGURE 2.2

1991

GRAPH BELONGING TO THE MAP – ON GREY BACKGROUND TOGETHER WITH MAP Graph axis: horizontal – 0.7 pt, full, 30% black vertical – 0.7 pt, full, white.

20 000

Two to six times a week 10 000

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Interior layout – maps and graphs | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 031

Chapter 1 Drug supply in Europe

FIGURE 1.7

FIGURE 1.8

Number of cocaine seizures and quantity seized, 2001–11

Quantity of cocaine seized, 2011

Number of seizures 100 000

75 000

50 000 2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Tonnes 3.5

140

10 8

120 100

1.9

6.3

60 3.7

0.4 0.5

0.6

20 0 2001

2002

2003

2004

Spain France Other countries

2005

2006

2007

Netherlands Italy Portugal

2008

2009

2010

2011

Tonnes <0.1 0.1–1.0 1.1–10 >10 NB: Amounts seized (in tonnes) for the ten countries with highest values.

Belgium

Graph and map side-by-side (two different figures) In 2011, around 86 000 seizures of cocaine were reported in Europe, amounting to 62 tonnes of the drug being intercepted. This represents an almost 50% fall from the 120 tonnes of cocaine seized in the peak year 2006. The number of seizures has also fallen, but less markedly, having peaked at 100 000 seizures in 2008 (Figure 1.7). Decreases in the quantity of cocaine seized are most observable in the Iberian Peninsula, where the total intercepted by Spain and Portugal fell from 84 tonnes in 2006 to 20 tonnes in 2011.

The map is always set on a grey background bleeding off the page. It is always aligned with the centre of the gap between the text columns. The text in the map field is aligned with the text column. The graphs next to the map field are approximately aligned with the text column (the horizontal numbers may exceed the

COCAINE

tonnes seized

seized 63 tonnes including Turkey

column area slightly, if necessary).

85 700

seizures

31 200

98 €

87 000 seizures including Turkey

reported supply-related offences

cking offences 16% offortraffi the six main drugs

77 € EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 31

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032 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | Interior layout – maps and graphs

Chapter 2 Drug use and drug-related problems

FIGURE 2.8 Estimates of problem opioid use in Europe

Heroin: decline in new clients entering treatment

Users of opioids (mainly heroin) represent 48% of all clients who entered specialised treatment in 2011 in Europe (197 000 clients) and around 30% of those entering treatment for the first time. In terms of trends, overall numbers of new heroin clients are on the decline in Europe, dropping from a peak of 59 000 in 2007 to 41 000 in 2011 and with reductions most apparent in western European countries. Overall, it appears that recruitment into heroin use may have been in decline, and that this is now impacting on treatment demand.

0.0–2.5 2.51–5.0 Rate per 1000 NB: Data for Poland and Finland from 2005.

>5.0

No data

New recruitment into heroin use now appears to be on the decline

HEROIN USERS IN TREATMENT Figure with text column

Characteristics

Trends in first-time entrants Mean age at first use

The text next to map graphics runs normally. 22% 16% 10%

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 32

78%

22 35

Mean age at treatment entry

Frequency of use Daily Two to six times a week

60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000

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Interior layout – maps and graphs | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 033

Chapter 4 Drug policies

FIGURE 4.2

FIGURE 4.4

Penalties for drug law offences: variation by drug

National drug strategies and action plans, availability and scope

➊ ➊ WHITE VERTICAL LINE thickness 2 pt, 23 mm long from the top of the grey background.

➋

➌ Same penalties for all drugs Penalties vary by drug for: Supply offences Personal possession offences Both offences types

Two maps side-by-side (two different figures) In cases where there are two separate maps placed side-by-side, a short white

Sentencing statistics for a selected number of countries from 2009 show that a supply offence was more likely to receive a prison sentence than one for possession for use. However, maximum sentences were rarely or never imposed, while average prison sentences were short and often suspended, suggesting that only a small number of offenders were considered to be major traffickers. Results

also indicated that the average sentences differed by type of drug, even in those countries where the drugs are viewed equally under the law.

dividing vertical line is used, aligned with the grey field. Left and right map placement The map on the left is aligned with the left edge of the text column underneath (see ➋); the map on the right is aligned with the right edge of the text column

FIGURE 4.3

underneath (see ➌).

Reported offences related to drug supply in Europe, trends and breakdown by drug (main drugs) Index (2006=100) 150

Cannabis

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 33

Heroin

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034 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | Interior layout – maps and graphs

Chapter 2 Drug use and drug-related problems

FIGURE 2.12 Drug-induced mortality rates among adults (15–64)

Most countries reported an increasing trend in overdose deaths from 2003 until 2008/09, when overall levels first stabilised and then began to decline. Overall, around 6 500 overdose deaths were reported in 2011, a decrease from the 7 000 cases in 2010 and 7 700 in 2009. Nevertheless, the situation varies for individual countries, with some still reporting increases. FIG 2.12

2010/11

2005

Around 6 500 overdose deaths were reported in 2011, a decrease from the 7 000 cases in 2010 and 7 700 in 2009 2000

Three maps aligned vertically In certain cases, three related maps may be placed on one page. In such cases, a vertical placement may be used on the left or right side of the page. The same rules apply for the grey background. The map placement and size is slightly adjusted. Please refer to the InDesign template for

1 17 51 85 119 136 Cases per million population

No data

correct application.

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Interior layout – infographics | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 035 INFOGRAPHIC AREA The infographic sits at the bottom of the text column area. Variable height, background colour 18% chapter colour, graphic elements respect edges of the two-column text area. INFOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS See closer view on next page.

Chapter 2 Drug use and drug-related problems

Chapter 1 Drug supply in Europe

FIGURE 2.2

FIGURE 1.2

Last year prevalence of cannabis use among young adults: selected trends (left) and most recent data (right)

Predominant cannabis type, resin or herb, among number of seizures in 2001 and 2011

Percent 30

2011

Poland

Spain

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

France

Czech Republic

Estonia

Denmark

UK (England and Wales)

Finland

Germany

Netherlands

NB: Trends for ten countries with the highest prevalence and three or more surveys.

2001

Over 3 million daily cannabis users and rising treatment demand

A significant minority of cannabis users consume the substance intensively. Daily or almost daily cannabis use is defined as use on 20 or more days in the month preceding

Percent

0–4

4.1–8

8.1–12

Resin: 51–75% Herb: 51–75%

>12

>75% >75%

No data

CANNABIS Resin

CANNABIS USERS IN TREATMENT Characteristics

Trends in first-time entrants Mean age at first use

16% 14%

483

84% 16%

504

16 25

50 000

Mean age at treatment entry

13 €

Frequency of use

IQR

20 000

Smoking

as main route of administration

United Kingdom Spain France

2008

Germany Italy

2009

2010

147

tonnes seized

398 000

3€

2011

Price

Other countries Netherlands

seizures

439 000 seizures including

tonnes seized including Turkey

Turkey

Potency (% THC)

16%

IQR

11%

10%

Potency (% THC) 12 € IQR

113 000

0 2007

7€

10 000

2006

16%

IQR

4% 5%

Once a week or less

seizures including Turkey

24 €

40 000

Two to six times a week

47%

353 000

tonnes seized including Turkey

seizures

18 €

30 000

Not used in the last month/ occasional

345 000

60 000

Daily

23%

Herb tonnes seized

(EUR/g)

reported supply-related offences

cking offences 61% offortraffi the six main drugs

Infographics

8€ 5€

Price

(EUR/g)

The separate elements are placed in the

NB: Characteristics are for all treatment entrants with cannabis as primary drug. Trends are for first-time treatment entrants with cannabis as primary drug. Countries covered vary by indicator.

Price and purity of cannabis product: national mean values, minimum, maximum and interquartile range (IQR). Countries covered vary by indicator.

field designated for the infographic in a 17

balanced and legible way. The background colour is 18% of the chapter colour.

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036 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | Interior layout – infographics

INFOGRAPHIC NAME – STRIP Same colour, height and typography as figure / map strip, but the right edge of the strip ends in the middle of the right text column.

Resin: 51–75% Herb: 51–75%

>75% >75%

No data

INFOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS For infographic elements, use full or shades of the chapter colour, optionally one accent colour (49% magenta, 100% yellow – same for whole EDR) or 80% black. Infographic short text or numbers: Trivia Slab Bold Infographic legend: Trivia Sans Book, 7 pt / 9 pt, 80% black Pie graphs: version with a hole in the centre

CANNABIS Resin

483

Herb tonnes seized

345 000

seized 504 tonnes including Turkey

seizures

353 000 seizures including

tonnes seized

398 000

seized 147 tonnes including Turkey

439 000 seizures including

Turkey

18 €

24 € 5% 13 €

IQR

16%

IQR

11%

Potency (% THC)

16%

IQR

10%

Potency (% THC) 12 €

7€

Infographic in a blue chapter In the example shown, cannabis resin

IQR

113 000

3€

Price

seizures

(EUR/g)

reported supply-related offences

cking offences 61% offortraffi the six main drugs

8€ 5€

Price (EUR/g)

and herb are placed on the left and right side of the infographic, with shared data located in the centre in a separate box.

Price and purity of cannabis product: national mean values, minimum, maximum and interquartile range (IQR). Countries covered vary by indicator.

The background colour should be 18% of the chapter colour. If two colour differentiaions are needed, shades of the chapter colour

(15% and 30%) should be used.

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Interior layout – infographics | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 037

Spain

France

Poland

Estonia

Denmark

UK (England and Wales)

Finland

Germany

Netherlands

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Czech Republic

NB: Trends for ten countries with the highest prevalence and three or more surveys.

Over 3 million daily cannabis users and rising treatment demand

A significant minority of cannabis users consume the substance intensively. Daily or almost daily cannabis use is defined as use on 20 or more days in the month preceding

Percent

0–4

4.1–8

8.1–12

>12

CANNABIS USERS IN TREATMENT Characteristics

Trends in first-time entrants Mean age at first use

16% 14%

84% 16%

60 000

16 25

50 000

Mean age at treatment entry

40 000 30 000

Frequency of use 20 000

Daily Two to six times a week

10 000

Once a week or less

23%

47%

Not used in the last month/ occasional

Smoking

as main route of administration

0 2006

2007

United Kingdom Spain France

2008

Germany Italy

2009

2010

2011

Other countries Netherlands

Infographic in a green chapter NB: Characteristics are for all treatment entrants with cannabis as primary drug. Trends are for first-time treatment entrants with cannabis as primary drug. Countries covered vary by indicator.

There are two basic types of infographic. This page shows the second type. 31

The dominant colour is always the chapter colour, which is used for the main illustrations as well as the background field.

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038 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | ‘Find out more’ section

European Drug Report 2020: Trends and developments

FIND OUT MORE

EMCDDA publications 2012 Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines in Europe: findings from the DRUID project, Thematic paper. Fentanyl in Europe. EMCDDA Trendspotter study. Prevalence of daily cannabis use in the European Union and Norway, Thematic paper. 2011 Mortality related to drug use in Europe, Selected issue. 2010 Problem amphetamine and methamphetamine use in Europe, Selected issue. Trends in injecting drug use in Europe, Selected issue. 2009 Polydrug use: patterns and responses, Selected issue. 2008 A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences, Volume 2, Part I: Epidemiology, and Part II: Health effects of cannabis use, EMCDDA Monographs.

EMCDDA and ESPAD publications 2012 Summary of the 2011 ESPAD report.

EMCDDA and ECDC publications 2012 HIV in injecting drug users in the EU/EEA, following a reported increase of cases in Greece and Romania.

‘Find out more’ section All publications are available at www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications

Each chapter ends with a ‘Find out more’ table, created in the chapter colour. It may be placed after the chapter content in the last column, or on a separate page if the

layout does not allow for this.

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Quotation construction | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 039

Net facest piti aut quid veut laccus magnatoria venihic taestis invelant dolum sequi neceati QUOTATION, SHOWN HERE AT 200% OF ORIGINAL SIZE Trivia Slab Bold 16 pt / 22 pt leading, white. The colour strip in the background (chapter colour) is 7 mm high. Use text underline option in Adobe InDesign, set the underline thickness at 20 pt and offset -5 pt.

Quotation construction The quotations always use the chapter colour and Trivia Slab Regular Bold. The construction is made easy by Character Underline Options in Adobe InDesign. A single space is added at the beginning and end of each line.

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040 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | Annex

Annex: national data tables

Annex

TABLE 1

OPIOIDS Treatment demand indicator, primary drug Problem opioid use estimate

First-time entrants

All entrants

First-time entrants

% (count)

cases per 1 000

Belgium

–

36.8 (2 176)

18 (403)

19.7 (399)

16.3 (60)

count 17 701 3 452

–

79.3 (1 877)

93.2 (275)

85.9 (1 300)

84.2 (223)

1.2–1.3

19.4 (1 791)

9.9 (443)

86.3 (1 528)

83.1 (359)

Denmark

–

17.5 (663)

7.1 (102)

33.9 (193)

23 (20)

7 600

Germany

2.9–3.4

44.3 (31 450)

19.2 (3 576)

36.2 (13 827)

33.2 (1 491)

76 200

Estonia

–

91.4 (486)

80.4 (131)

84.5 (410)

84 (110)

1 076

Ireland

6.2–8.1

57.9 (4 930)

39 (1 457)

31 (1 488)

22.9 (327)

Greece

2.5–3.0

80.6 (4 693)

73.4 (1 886)

41.3 (1 930)

38.7 (729)

6 783

Spain

1.1–1.3

34.3 (18 374)

18.2 (4 881)

15.8 (2 756)

10.2 (481)

82 372

–

40.7 (14 987)

20.2 (2 042)

17.7 (2 097)

12.3 (226)

145 000

Italy

4.3–5.4

55.3 (23 416)

42.4 (9 706)

57.5 (12 566)

50.5 (4 603)

109 987

Cyprus

1.3–2.0

36.7 (365)

10.8 (48)

52.6 (191)

46.8 (22)

188

Latvia

5.0–9.9

52.9 (1 044)

34.1 (126)

93.3 (935)

88.4 (107)

Lithuania

2.3–2.4

–

72.1 (181)

–

98.6 (136)

798

Luxembourg

5.0–7.6

67.4 (151)

–

58.9 (89)

–

1 228

Hungary

0.4–0.5

6.8 (325)

2.3 (75)

66.8 (203)

49.3 (34)

Malta

6.9–8.2

78.7 (1 434)

45.4 (83)

62.5 (893)

59 (49)

1 107

Netherlands

1.6–1.6

12.8 (1 674)

6 (461)

8.9 (91)

16 (46)

10 085

Austria

5.2–5.5

64.5 (2 426)

41.3 (566)

42.2 (987)

26.8 (146)

16 782

Poland

–

48.2 (643)

14.7 (53)

77 (488)

46.2 (24)

2 200

Portugal

–

70.1 (2 637)

54.4 (980)

15.4 (147)

13.1 (80)

26 531

Romania

–

35 (648)

29.6 (339)

91.5 (590)

90.2 (305)

742

Slovenia

–

86.6 (451)

74.9 (155)

56.8 (256)

49.7 (77)

3 557

Slovakia

1.0–2.5

33.7 (691)

22.7 (217)

75.7 (514)

63.1 (137)

500

Czech Republic

France

Annex

Clients in substitution treatment

% opioid clients injecting (main route of administration)

All entrants Country Bulgaria

National data presented here are drawn from and are a subset of the EMCDDA Statistical bulletin 2020, where further data, years, notes and meta-data are available

Opioid clients as % of treatment entrants

5 200

8 729

277

639

Finland

–

62.2 (898)

43.8 (109)

81.8 (719)

66.7 (72)

2 000

Sweden

–

24.8 (1 541)

16.5 (255)

55.7 (857)

26.6 (69)

3 115

United Kingdom

8.0–8.6

59.3 (68 112)

40 (18 005)

33.2 (22 081)

29.2 (5 156)

177 993

Croatia

3.2–4.0

80.9 (6 198)

29.8 (343)

74.5 (4 530)

53.3 (171)

4 074

Turkey

0.2–0.5

70.3 (1 488)

64.7 (701)

50.9 (746)

48 (333)

8 074

Norway

2.1–3.9

37.5 (2 884)

–

73.1 (160)

–

6 640

The EDR ends with an Annex, containing tables and technical data. Please see the specifications of table construction for the

Annex on the next page.

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Annex | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 041

Annex I National data tables

TABLE NUMBER Dark grey strip, same rules as figure numbers.

TABLE 7

TABLE NAME Trivia Sans Medium, 12 pt, upper case, colour of the table.

SEIZURES Heroin

Country

Cocaine

Amphetamines

Ecstasy

Quantity seized

Number of seizures

Quantity seized

Number of seizures

Quantity seized

Number of seizures

Quantity seized

Number of seizures

count

tablets

count

Belgium

140

2 176

7 999

3 263

112

2 699

64 384

Bulgaria

385

233

7 879

1.20

13 000

Czech Republic

838

Denmark

484

1 756

255

1 733

16 000

197

Germany

498

4 361

1 941

3 335

1 368

9 131

484 992

1 322

Estonia

0.048

215

11 496

Ireland

752

179

476

104

97 882

272

Greece

307

2 477

463

466

1.84

8 2 123

Spain

412

7 587

16 609

42 659

278

3 178

183 028

France

883

4 834

10 834

4 538

601

387

1 510 500

781

Italy

811

3 588

6 342

6 859

124

14 108

114

0.6

0.011

653

13 13

Cyprus Latvia

329

0.1

3 592

Lithuania

234

303

Luxembourg

244

Hungary

108

483

270

Malta

0.50

2 171

400

–

10 000

–

1 074

–

1 059 534

–

640

139

970

383

45 780

Netherlands Austria Poland

–

395

–

75 082

–

Portugal

1 169

3 678

1 385

0.2

7 791

Romania

314

161

0.4

7 594

Slovenia

503

272

204

Slovakia Finland EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 41 Sweden

35.3

13.22

1.0

3 157

17 800

300

314

618

168

3 542

17 060

189

TABLE CONTENT Tables fit into the type area (two columns) defined on the previous pages. One table combines maximum two colours and their shades always in values of 15% and 30%. Table header is always full colour (see colour section), text Trivia Sans Regular Bold, white, 8 pt / 9 pt. Table text uses Trivia Sans Medium (80% black) and Trivia Sans Light (100% black).

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042 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | EDR | Colour use

COLOUR NAME

COLOUR SAMPLE

C–M–Y–K

Basic colours

EU Blue

100–80–0–0

EMCDDA Green

34– 0 – 85 – 0

EMCDDA Blue

50 –25 – 0 – 0

EMCDDA Red

0–60–60–0

EMCDDA Turquoise

44– 0 –11– 0

EMCDDA Yellow

0 –25 –76 – 0

Colour use Drug report colours

The EDR uses the full EMCDDA colour palette. The colours are used mostly in full value, but also in percentual shades.

Infographic accent colour

0–50–100–0

This is especially the case in maps and tables, where it is necessary to illustrate different values of information. In addition, other colours have been selected for special use, linked to specific information (countries, substances) and should be used consistently. The following pages show examples of colour shade use and the assignment of the content-assigned colours.

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Colour use in complex graphics | EDR | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 043

COLOUR NAME

COLOUR SAMPLE

C–M–Y–K

Countries colours for line and area graphs*

COLOUR NAME

COLOUR SAMPLE

C–M–Y–K

Drugs colours for line and area graphs*

Austria

0–30–30–50

Cannabis

44–0–11–0

Belgium

0–60–65–0

Cocaine

34–0–85–0

Bulgaria

0–0–100–0

Ecstasy / MDMA

0–25–76–0

Croatia

80–40–0–0

Heroin

100–80–0–0

Cyprus

0–65–100–0

Amphetamines

0–60–60–0

Czech Republic

0–35–100–0

Other stimulants

0–80–20–0

Denmark

80–85–0–0

Other drugs

36–75–0–0

Estonia

50–0–100–0

No data

0–0–0–38

Finland

0–85–0–0

Colours for area graph*

France

100–0–0–0

Colour 1

47–25–0–0

Germany

0–80–35–55

Colour 2

65–0–30–20

Greece

0–25–70–25

Colour 3

0–35–55–0

Hungary

20–100–60–0

Colour 4

30–0–75–40

Ireland

0–85–80–0

Colour 5

65–30–0–40

Italy

30–0–100–0

Colour 6

10–0–20–30

Latvia

100–0–100–0

Lithuania

60–0–35–0

Luxembourg

25–70–0–0

Malta

* These are graph colours, do not use these colours in the map.

0–0–50–20

Netherlands

0–60–100–30

Norway

70–0–35–40

Poland

0–50–0–0

Portugal

100–70–0–0

Romania

40–100–0–0

Slovakia

0–0–65–45

This page shows all the colours used in

Slovenia

0–70–45–0

addition to the main EMCDDA corporate

Spain

0–20–65–0

colours. Each colour is assigned to specific

Sweden

30–30–0–15

information (e.g. a country or substance)

Turkey

35–0–40–0

or is chosen to be used in special area

United Kingdom

50–20–0–0

graphs. Please see the examples of use on

Other countries

0–0–0–36

the following pages of this annex.

Content-assigned colours

* These are graph colours, do not use these colours in the map.

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0.2 0.3

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1.1

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Use of colour shade values and content-assigned colours

Blue map – value ratio

C–M–Y–K

Green map – value ratio

C–M–Y–K

These pages show examples of the

Ratio 1

20–7–0–8

Ratio 1

18–0–55–0

specific use of colours in complex

Ratio 2

40–17–0–8

Ratio 2

28–0–65–8

graphics. Please use the shade values

Ratio 3

59–23–0–8

Ratio 3

42–0–70–8

shown here as a guide.

Ratio 4

75–44–0–25

Ratio 4

60–0–80–12

Ratio 5

86–56–0–52

Ratio 5

70–0–90–20

The content-assigned colours are to be used consistently. In some cases, further colours are needed (unrelated to countries or substances). In such cases, existing colours should be used in such a way that allows for the clear recognition of the different colours, respecting the overall character of the material being designed.

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Dark green map – value ratio

Colour samples map 1

Mixed colour map

C–M–Y–K

Value (min.)

20 % of colour

Full / extensive

55–0–80–8

Cannabis

44–0–11–0

Value

30 % of colour

Limited / rare

35–0–65–8

Cocaine

34–0–85–0

Value

40 % of colour

Not available

18–0–55–0

Ecstasy / MDMA

0–25–76–0

Value

50 % of colour

No data

0–0–0–38

Heroin

100–80–0–0

Value

60 % of colour

Colour samples map 2

Amphetamines

0–60–60–0

Value

70 % of colour

Full / extensive

0–70–70–8

Other stimulants

0–80–20–0

Value

80 % of colour

Limited / rare

0–45–35–8

Other drugs

36–75–0–0

Value

90 % of colour

Not available

0–15–22–8

No data

0–0–0–38

Value (max.)

100 % of colour

No data

0–0–0–38

62–0–100–40

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1 45 24 1

Interventions map – value ratio (example)

C–M–Y–K

Offences map (example)

C–M–Y–K

Drug consum...

0–12–59–8

Same penalties ...

0–21–62–8

Take-home ...

0–40–30–8

Supply offences

53–0–21–16

Both interventions

0–70–70–8

Personal poss...

100–0–31–17

No data

0–0–0–38

Both offences types

Number of DCF

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REPORTING ON THE HEALTH AND SOCIAL RESPONSES TO DRUG PHENOMENON DRUG PROBLEMS: A EUROPEAN GUIDE

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048 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | RESPONSES GUIDE | Overview

Health and social responses to drug Highlight colours

problems: a European guide

multi-coloured line Colours: EMCDDA Turquoise (main accent colour) plus EMCDDA full colour palette Format: 210 × 297 mm (A4) Primary output: Print Layout: Two-column layout Tables: EMCDDA full colour palette (varying percentages) Graphics: Full colour palette as required

Health and social responses to drug problems: a European guide

Type: Reporting on the drug phenomenon,

EMCDDA Blue

Health and social responses to drug problems

EMCDDA Green EMCDDA Yellow EMCDDA Turquoise EMCDDA Red

Basic colours EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Turquoise

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Turquoise

The following pages describe the layout features, colours and typography of this publication. An Adobe InDesign template is available with all graphic elements to facilitate close observance of the design rules.

A European guide

Backgrounds Background Grey

40% EMCDDA Turquoise

For more information, see page 3.16.

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Front cover specifications | RESPONSES GUIDE | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | TECHNICAL ANNEX 049

16 mm, for perfect binding

14 mm

21 mm

24.5 mm

Health and social responses to drug problems: a European guide

22.5 mm

Health and social responses to drug problems

MAIN TITLE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt Leading 110% font size optical kerning, white Larger letters in the title are better, respecting designated space for title See next page for details

A European guide TITLE AREA – right edge of the area for the title 90% page width

90%

SUBTITLE Trivia Sans Book, 36 pt , white

LINED BACKGROUND For lined background construction see page 005.

52.5 mm

Front cover specifications This page shows the placement of the various elements on the front cover of the Health and social responses to drug problems: a European guide (printed publication), along with detailed measurements and font specifications.

52.5 mm

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050 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | RESPONSES GUIDE | Publication title construction

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PUBLICATION TITLE TYPOGRAPHY

Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt, white

PublicationE titlep

Publication title construction The title should be as large as possible within the designated title area and should not exceed four lines.

A European guide

The title and vertical line must be constructed exactly as shown here. The font must not be distorted. The letter spacing must be set at a ratio of -10 / +10,

Trivia Sans Book 36 pt, white

optical kerning.

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centred on spine width

logo width 18 mm

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59.5 mm Health and social responses to drug problems: a European guide

About this guide This guide and the associated package of online materials provides a reference point for planning or delivering health and social responses to drug problems in Europe. The most appropriate responses will depend on the specific drug problems, the contexts in which these occur and the types of intervention that are possible and socially acceptable. By providing key information on some of the most important drug issues for Europe and the responses available, this guide aims to assist those involved in tackling these challenges to develop new programmes and improve existing ones.

Health and social responses to drug problems: a European guide

+10.5 mm

Trivia Sans Medium, 11 pt / 13 pt, white Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, white

Back cover The exact placement of the elements on the back cover is specified here (printed publication). The multilingual logo is used here against a white background. The titles ‘About this guide’ and ‘About the EMCDDA’ are placed against the publication colour background. Spine The minimum width of the spine is 4 mm. The spine carries the publication title and the subtitle. If the subtitle is too long to fit, it may be abbreviated by EMCDDA staff or simply omitted. In cases where the spine

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

is wide (12 mm or more), the publication title and the subtitle may be placed on two lines, if required.

30 mm

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052 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | RESPONSES GUIDE | Title page and inside covers 20 mm

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14 mm

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logo height 21 mm

GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU

In person All over the European Union there are hundreds of Europe

60 mm

Direct information centres. You can find the address of the

190 mm

centre nearest you at: http://europa.eu/contact

On the phone or by e-mail Europe Direct is a service that answers your questions about the European Union. You can contact this service

84 mm

• by freephone: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (certain operators may charge for these calls) • at the following standard number: +32 22999696 or

Health and social responses to drug problems

• by electronic mail via: http://europa.eu/contact

FINDING INFORMATION ABOUT THE EU

Online Information about the European Union in all the official languages of the EU is available on the Europa website at: http://europa.eu

EU publications You can download or order free and priced EU publications

A European guide

from EU Bookshop at: http://bookshop.europa.eu. Multiple copies of free publications may be obtained by contacting Europe Direct or your local information centre (see http://europa.eu/contact)

EU law and related documents For access to legal information from the EU, including all

Chapter 1 Chapter heading

EU law since 1951 in all the official language versions, go to EUR-Lex at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu

max. 244 mm from top

The title on the title page is constructed in

Title page

the same way as on the front cover, scaled to fit inside the column area as shown. The subtitle is always set at 16 pt / 20 pt and 18 mm below the main title. X

Inside covers

Health and socialE responses to drug problemsp

PUBLICATION TITLE Scaled constraining proportions from cover page, 100% EMCDDA Turquoise

TABLE ‘GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU’ Place the provided file Getting in touch and Legal Notice.indd

19 mm

A European guide

The inside covers are Background Grey (8% black). The inside back cover carries additional information on ‘Getting in touch with the EU’.

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CONTENTS HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 15 pt, 80% black

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I Contents

I Legal notice Printed by printer in country Neither the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) nor any person acting on behalf of the agency is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, year © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, year Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

5 7

Preface Acknowledgements

Introduction

CHAPTER 1 A framework for developing health and social responses to drug problems 1.1 Overarching context and key principles 1.2 An introduction to the framework 1.3 Problem definition and needs assessment 1.4 Developing appropriate health and social responses 1.5 Main types of responses available 1.6 Implementing, monitoring and evaluating the selected responses

Credits for photos: source For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EMCDDA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

247 mm

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/00000

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PDF

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CHAPTER 2 Problems arising from particular types or patterns of drug use 2.1 Responding to problems associated with cannabis use 2.2 Tackling opioid dependence 2.3 Reducing opioid-related deaths 2.4 Reducing the spread of HIV, viral hepatitis and other infections associated with injecting drug use 2.5 Responding to problems related to stimulant use 2.6 Responding to new psychoactive substances 2.7 Addressing the misuse of medicines 2.8 Responding to polydrug use

CHAPTER 3 Responding to the needs of particular groups 3.1 Older people with problematic opioid use 3.2 Women with drug problems 3.3 Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers 3.4 Vulnerable young people 3.5 Adult family members of people with drug problems

Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (year), publication title, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

129

CHAPTER 4 Responding in particular settings 4.1 Prisons and the criminal justice system 4.2 Nightlife, festival and other recreational settings 4.3 Workplaces 4.4 Schools and colleges 4.5 Local communities

161 Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

20 mm

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CHAPTER 5 Supporting successful implementation 5.1 Evidence into practice 5.2 Developing effective systems and partnerships 5.3 Monitoring and evaluation

177

PAGE NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 80% black CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black CHAPTER TITLE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 9 pt / 13 pt, 80% black CHAPTER CONTENTS Trivia Sans Light, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

Legal notice and contents pages The legal notice and content pages are fixed layouts in EMCDDA publications.

Moving on: responding effectively to drug problems in Europe

For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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054 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | RESPONSES GUIDE | Divider page and front matter

Health and social responses to drug problems

I List of spotlight boxes Divider page

National drug strategies in Europe

Understanding and using evidence

Comorbid substance use and mental health problems

The impact of new cannabis regulation models on responses

From harm reduction to recovery: the variety of treatment goals

the preface and may carry a quotation.

Fentanils

In some cases, the list of spotlight boxes

Scaling up hepatitis C treatment to eliminate HCV infection

may be on this page, in which case the

Addressing sexual health issues associated with drug use

page retains a white background.

Synthetic cannabinoids

Misuse of benzodiazepines

108

Services for pregnant and parenting women

The grey-lined background is used as the background for the divider page before

Preface The preface should follow a standard, single-column text layout. Should a photo be required, it should preferably be in portrait format and appear close to the top

119

E-health interventions

139

Drug checking

156

Drug consumption rooms

164

European minimum quality standards for demand reduction

167

User-led interventions

169

Applying behavioural insights to drug policy and practice

Preface

I Preface It is my great pleasure to introduce this new EMCDDA publication Health and social responses to drug problems: a European guide. One of the major goals in the EMCDDA Strategy 2025 is to contribute to a healthier Europe, and I see this new report as an important component of the agency’s activities in this area. By providing an overview of the current state of the art in this field and access to more detailed information and practical tools, the report, and accompanying web resources, offers support to both policymakers and practitioners working to reduce the health and social consequences of drug use. In identifying the topics for inclusion in this guide, we have focused on what we see as particularly important issues in Europe. One example is the challenge of responding to new psychoactive substances. There are also more persistent problems, such as opioidrelated deaths and the high rates of hepatitis C infection among people who inject drugs. In addition, with an eye to the future, we have highlighted some emerging issues, including the potential vulnerability of migrants and asylum seekers to drug problems, alongside opportunities for development, for example, exploiting e-health approaches within prevention, treatment and harm reduction interventions. This wide range of topics means that the guide will be of interest to diverse audiences with differing needs. For this reason, we have adopted an innovative format for this guide, designed to facilitate its use as a reference document and a gateway to additional materials online. The guide brings together two important areas of the agency’s work in relation to public health: reviews of evidence and best practice, in combination with information on the European picture from our monitoring systems. It also highlights what we see as the main implications for policy and practice that emerge from these. As is the case in all our work, we are indebted to a wide range of partners, individuals and organisations at both national and European levels, and from other regions, who have contributed to the development of this guide. I hope that these partnerships will continue to build, as we carry forward the work in this area and seek to further develop the evidence of what works and how to implement effective responses that will improve the health of European citizens affected by drug problems.

Alexis Goosdeel Director, EMCDDA

or to the bottom of the page (suggested dimensions: width 20–35 mm; height: 30–45 mm). A preface or executive summary would follow the same design as the foreword. For vertical line construction see page

008–011 of this Technical annex.

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GREY-LINED BACKGROUND For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

Health and social responses to drug problems

Preface

I Acknowledgements This publication synthesises information from a wide range of sources, both existing and new. It has also benefited the input of a wide array of people, whose comments have helped shape this guide. However, it should be noted that responsibility for the content of the guide rests entirely with EMCDDA. The production of this guide has only been possible because of the input of many EMCDDA staff members. In addition to the scientific staff working in the responses and other areas, who provided and reviewed content throughout, we acknowledge the production team for their help in developing the innovative format of the guide. We are also very grateful to Professor Wayne Hall for his assistance with reviewing and editing the guide throughout its development.

Divider page

We would also like to thank the authors of the background papers that have been published as part of the accompanying package of resources: Beau Kilmer; Russell Webster; Annette Dale-Perera; Matthijs Blankers and Ajla Mujcic; Tibor Brunt; Sharon Arpa; Jørgen Bramness; Ciara Guiney; Sara Rafael Almeida, Joana Sousa Lourenço and Emanuele Ciriolo; Lauren Johnston, Dave Liddell, Katie Browne and Saket Priyadarshi; Paul Lemmens and Hans DuPont.

The grey-lined background is used as the background for the divider page in the

In addition, we are very grateful to the many other individuals and organisations who have contributed to the guide as members of our Advisory Group or as peer reviewers:

preface section and may carry a quotation.

Adriano Silvestri, FRA Alessandra Liquori, UNICRI Anastasia Pharris, ECDC Anders Eriksson, Sweden Anna Dovbakh, EHRN Anne Arponen, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland Catherine Comiskey, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Cathy Stannard, Frenchay Hosptial, UK Christian Adam, LMU Munich, Germany Cinthia Menel-Lemos, CHAFEA Claudio Vidal, Energy Control, Spain Dirk Korf, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Domingos Duran, SICAD, Portugal Eamonn O’Moore, Public Health England, UK Eberhard Schatz, Correlation Network Etienne Maffli, Addiction Switzerland Eva Hoch, LMU Munich, Germany Gerhard Beuhringer, TU Dresden, Germany Giovanna Campello, UNODC Giuseppe Carra, Univeristy of Milano Bicocca, Italy Grzegorz Krol, University of Warsaw, Poland Harry Sumnall, Liverpool John Moores University, UK Henk Garretsen, Tilburg University, Netherlands Inge Birkemose, Danish Health Authority Luis Mendao, European AIDS Treatment Group Margriet van Laar, Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Marta Torrens Melich, Hospital Parc de Salut Mar, Spain Michael Schaub, ISGF, Switzerland

In some cases, the contents may extend onto this page, in which case the page retains a white background. Acknowledgements Acknowledgments have a fixed layout in this publication. New content should be introduced into the existing design without changing the overall look or adding new graphic motifs or typographical styles. 11

For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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056 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | RESPONSES GUIDE | Part divider and part title pages CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Slab Book 344.13 pt, white, 36 mm from left edge.

LINED BACKGROUND For lined background construction see page 005.

Number sits on a light line.

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30.21 mm

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CHAPTER 1

A framework for developing health and social responses to drug problems SUMMARY

background in the chapter colour, with the chapter number appearing in a large scale (344.13 pt) and is placed as shown here.

Health and social responses to drug problems in Europe take place within the context of EU, national and local policies and legal frameworks, and these influence the selection and implementation of responses.

 identifying the nature of the drug problems to be addressed;

Responses must adhere to a set of key principles, for example, respect for human rights, including the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.

 implementing, monitoring and evaluating the impact of these interventions.

Developing and implementing responses to drug problems, whether at EU, national, local or individual level, involves three basic steps:

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 selecting potentially effective interventions to tackle these problems; and

Many different factors need to be considered at each stage; some of the most important are highlighted in this chapter.

the height of the number (84.98 mm) is placed bleeding off the page left. The left page may also contain a simple infographic related to the chapter content. The right page contains the chapter

Problem definition

Response selection

Implementation

The harms associated with drug use depend on the type of drugs used and how they are used, who is using them and the settings where use takes place. The many different ways in which these factors can interact result in a wide array of possible drug use scenarios, which are associated with health effects of varying severity. The most common combinations of forms of drug use, users and settings vary between countries in Europe and, as a result, so do the nature and extent of their drug problems. As well as varying between countries, drug use and the associated problems may change over time. This means that there can be no single blueprint for tackling drug problems, and that those tasked with responding to drug problems need to regularly review provision and adapt

number, title, chapter summary and the beginning of the chapter.

existing interventions or develop new ones to meet changing needs. It also indicates the need for a systematic approach, in which the evaluation of effectiveness is integrated into the development and implementation of responses to drug problems. This chapter provides an introduction to the main issues to be considered in the development and implementation of health and social responses to drug problems. It also outlines the framework around which this guide is structured. The framework is designed to be useful to those involved in developing and implementing health and social interventions and to serve as a conceptual checklist when reviewing current policy or practice or developing new activities.

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CHAPTER 1

Chapter 1 Developing appropriate health and social responses

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of interventions to implement. These include the available structures and resources for delivering the interventions. For example:  Are there government, not-for-profit, civil society and charitable organisations that are already providing these types of services?  Are services available at a sufficient scale or do they have the capacity to expand their services?  What additional resources may be required to enable them expand capacity, for example, funds for new buildings, additional staff and staff training?

At times of limited resources or if there is a need for a rapid response to a crisis, there may need to be a tradeoff between coverage of services (reaching the greatest number of people) and the intensity or level of provision (service quality) that can be provided. The level of political priority given to the drug problem is an important factor in resource allocation. Is it sufficient to generate the resources needed to expand capacity? Or

Heading 1 – Agniat omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae

will existing service providers be expected to address the new problem within existing resources? How will decisions be made on prioritising the delivery of services to different clients and allocating resources between different services? Public attitudes towards drug use may be major determinants of political priority, the amount of societal resources allocated to, and the approach taken in addressing drug problems. These attitudes will depend on the prevailing ‘governing images’ of drug use, whether drug use is primarily seen as a vice, a crime, a personal choice, an illness, or a disability. A country’s drug laws may impact on which responses are provided. In all EU countries, possession of controlled drugs is defined by law as an offence and in many, use of these drugs is a crime. In principle, those who use illicit drugs can be sentenced to prison, but many countries take a public health approach to health and social problems arising from drug use and divert drug users from the criminal justice system into treatment. In some countries this has led to increased funding for treatment and assistance to address the health and social problems experienced by drug users.

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The costs to society associated with the illicit drug phenomenon are extensive and varied. They include negative consequences for individuals and their families, as well as impacts on neighbourhoods and society at large. These result in expenditure on health care services and within the criminal justice system. Further costs include the provision of social benefits, funding of prevention interventions, and education and research concerning drug use.

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Understanding the cost of drug-related responses is important for planning and setting priorities. However, information on drug-related public expenditure in Europe, at both local and national level, remains sparse and heterogeneous. For the 23 countries that have produced estimates in the past 10 years, it appears that drug-related public expenditure is in the region of between 0.01 % and 0.5 % of gross domestic product (GDP). Demand reduction is estimated to make up between 23 % and 83 % of total drug-related public expenditure, with drug treatment and other health costs accounting for much of that. A recent report (Drug treatment expenditure: a methodological overview) on methods for estimating expenditure on drug treatment has highlighted both the developments in the field of treatment expenditure estimation and also the many remaining challenges to the production of robust and comparable estimates. It also provides a basis for developing work in this area in the future.

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However, public spending on responses to the drug problem is only part of the costs borne by society in relation to illicit drugs. There are also the costs borne by individuals and other external costs to society, such as lost productivity due to premature deaths and illness linked to drug use as well as the economic impact on neighbourhoods affected by drug dealing or open drug scenes. In addition to such potentially measurable costs must be added the human harm, pain and suffering and other consequences, which are not readily measurable but still need to be borne in mind. Estimates of these wider societal costs of drug use may be useful for estimating the impact and cost-benefit of health and social responses and making the case for allocating more resources to these responses. In the European countries for which information is available, the social cost of illicit drugs is estimated to be between 0.1 % and 2 % of GDP.

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See the topic page on drug-related public expenditure on the EMCDDA website and LEADER project guidance document at Alicerap.eu.

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Understanding the social costs of drug problems

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factors, such as characteristics of the person using o exacerbate social disadvantage, for example, by reducing thethe chances that young people will complete the most important drivers the drug (e.g.inyoung women or men, socially obtain well-paid jobs. Homeless drug users may engage riskierpeople, drug use practices, such as sharing causes) of harms and whi | RESPONSES | Headers REPORTING ON THEintegrated 058 TECHNICAL ANNEX |settings. DRUG PHENOMENON GUIDE and pagination or disadvantaged people) and the social settings nt or using drugs in unsafe are the most affected. For in which the drugs are used (e.g. the workplace, at home, due to increasing cannabi mm so, is this concentra 6 mm in a nightclub or bar, on the streets), to either increase or And6 if PUBLICATION TITLE Trivia Sans Light, 7.3 pt, 80% black reduce the users experience. It is accordingly n increase or decrease vulnerability to drug problems. Forproblems example,that having family members who use group, community or geog 10 mm 10 mm NUMBERof using drugs, while having important to identify which of these factors are relevant ncrease theCHAPTER likelihood strong family support and parental monitoring may cannabis use associated w Trivia Sans Light, 7.3 pt, 80% black Publication title Chapter 1 I Chapter heading when developing interventions to address drug problems. ug problems and help to overcome them. unemployment, or increas CHAPTER NAME Trivia Sans Medium, 7.3 pt, 80% black Answering these types of VERTICAL LINE Identifying the main problem drugs and patterns of use n and sexual orientation address, 18the outcomes to mm Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 7.3 pt, vertical scale, will indicate the can probable major associated harms. Heroin rity groups 160.3% defined by ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation be more likely or less likely to use which to measure the imp baseline shift – 1.54 pt, white pharmaceutical opioids have a high dependence risk, cial majority. Rates of drug use may beI higherand if drugs are more readily available in their communities For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex. if injected. They can lead fatal overdoses and grammes are not appropriate to them. If they especially develop drug problems, stigma and to poor access to health An array of individual and HEADERS STRIPE if users share contaminated injection equipment can vent help-seeking. some minority communities have lower rates of drug use because they of strong drug users more vulnerabl 100% chapterHowever, colour, 18 mm height contract lose family ties and religious prohibitions on drug use.and spread blood-borne infections such as HIV and respect to the families and hepatitis B and C. problems. These factors in or increase risks and harm PAGINATION Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, 55% black, Stimulants, such as cocaine, MDMA and amphetamines, addition, these factors ma baseline at 10 mm from bottom of the page, 1.5 mm from the vertical line. intoxicate. I These are often used recreationally, but may circular fashion to create a PAGINATION VERTICAL LINE be associated with more problematic patterns of use 13 mm long from bottom of page, factors that need to be co 1 pt thick, 100% Chapter colour. and modes of ingestion, such as injection or smoking. on harms are summarised Intoxicated users may engage in risky sexual and other More information is provid I

Chapter 1 Problem definition and needs assessment

Health and social responses to drug problems

Role of drug type and patterns of use in drug-related harms

behaviour (e.g. driving a car) that puts their safety and that of others at risk. When stimulants are used over weeks or months in high doses, they may precipitate psychoses and serious cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes.

Examples of factors to take into account when assessing drug problems

CHAPTER 1

Psychoactive drugs act on the brain producing a variety of effects on perception, mood, thinking and behaviour. Initially these effects may be positive, for example, in relieving pain or mental distress, or producing pleasure, but may also lead to a range of harms. These may be associated with intoxication, since drugs may make users euphoric and impair thinking and physical co-ordination. If an intoxicated person drives a car, operates machinery or engages in physical activities, they may injure themselves or others, and on occasion, cause death. Depressed individuals who are intoxicated may act impulsively on suicidal thoughts. Intoxicated people may engage in violent acts in social settings that facilitate such behaviour, such as bars crowded with other intoxicated individuals. Chronic drug use, especially sustained daily use, can produce a dependence syndrome, in which users can find it difficult to cut down or stop using the drug and continue to use it despite it harming their health and well-being and that of family members and friends. If such drug use is sustained it can produce or exacerbate the symptoms of mental and physical disorders and lead to failures in the performance of important social roles, such as attending school, working or caring for children. In severe cases, sustained heavy daily drug use can undermine self-care and end in homelessness.

Cannabis has very low risk of fatal outcomes but its use can be associated with acute toxicity presentations at hospital. The risks of developing dependence on cannabis are lower than those of opioids or stimulants, or legal drugs like alcohol and tobacco. Nonetheless a substantial minority of cannabis users develop problem use and seek help to stop using cannabis. Few regular drug users use only one substance. Most engage in polydrug use — the use of multiple drugs, in combination or at different times. For example, injecting heroin users often use other opioids, alcohol, tobacco, benzodiazepines, cannabis and stimulants. Cocaine users tend to use the drug alongside alcohol. Many daily cannabis users also smoke tobacco. These drug combinations can increase the risk of harm, for example, by increasing the likelihood of toxic drug effects, fatal overdoses or becoming dependent on multiple drugs, which can be more difficult to overcome than dependence on a single drug.

 Age In general, the younger a person is when they first use a drug, the more likely they are to use regularly, develop dependence and experience drug-related harm later in life. Older long-term drug users may be particularly vulnerable to both acute and chronic health problems.  Gender Although drug use is less common among females than males, females who use drugs are more likely to develop problems and adverse health effects than their male counterparts. Drug use by women of reproductive age can impair fertility and, if drugs are used during pregnancy, affect the developing foetus.  Physical health People with some physical health problems (e.g. cardiovascular and respiratory diseases) who also use drugs are at increased risk of harm. Drug use may exacerbate these conditions and increase the risk of fatal overdose. Drug use may also reduce compliance with medical treatment leading to poorer outcomes.

Heading 1 – Agn omnisti untore nonsendis vercia quis pe quatae Health and socialE Drug problems may vary with type of drug, route of administration (e.g. orally, smoked or injected) and the frequency or pattern of use. These interact with other factors, such as the characteristics of the person using the drug (e.g. young people, women or men, socially integrated or disadvantaged people) and the social settings in which the drugs are used (e.g. the workplace, at home, in a nightclub or bar, on the streets), to either increase or reduce the problems that users experience. It is accordingly important to identify which of these factors are relevant when developing interventions to address drug problems.

Identifying the main problem drugs and patterns of use will indicate the probable major associated harms. Heroin and pharmaceutical opioids have a high dependence risk, especially if injected. They can lead to fatal overdoses and if users share contaminated injection equipment they can contract and spread blood-borne infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C.

Headers and pagination

Stimulants, such as cocaine, MDMA and amphetamines, intoxicate. These are often used recreationally, but may be associated with more problematic patterns of use and modes of ingestion, such as injection or smoking. Intoxicated users may engage in risky sexual and other

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Variation in harms across individuals and communities

An important step in defining the problem is identifying the most important drivers (or factors that are the main causes) of harms and which individuals or communities are the most affected. For example, is there a problem due to increasing cannabis use among young people? And if so, is this concentrated among a particular age group, community or geographical area? Is this increase in cannabis use associated with school drop-out, rising youth unemployment, or increasing mental health problems? Answering these types of questions will clarify the issues to address, the outcomes to be sought and the criteria against which to measure the impact of the intervention. An array of individual and societal factors can make some drug users more vulnerable to harm. This is also true with respect to the families and communities affected by drug problems. These factors interact in complex ways to reduce or increase risks and harms associated with drug use. In addition, these factors may interact with drug use in a circular fashion to create a vicious cycle. Some of the key factors that need to be considered and how they impact on harms are summarised in the box on page 19. More information is provided throughout the report.

 Mental health Many people with a drug problem also have co-existing mental health problems. The relationship between drugs and mental health is complex: drugs may increase the risk of developing mental health problems in vulnerable people, may exacerbate existing mental health problems, and people with depression, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia are more likely to develop drug problems if they use drugs.  Biological influences An individual’s neurobiological make-up affects how their bodies respond to drugs and their susceptibility to harm; a dose that is tolerated in one person may lead to a fatal outcome for another. Personal traits, such as impulsivity, also impact on risks of drug use and harms.  Socio-economic factors Socially disadvantaged or excluded people are more likely to use drugs and experience drug-related harm. Drug use problems can also exacerbate social disadvantage, for example, by reducing the chances that young people will complete their education or obtain well-paid jobs. Homeless drug users may engage in riskier drug use practices, such as sharing injecting equipment or using drugs in unsafe settings.  Family factors Family factors can increase or decrease vulnerability to drug problems. For example, having family members who use substances can increase the likelihood of using drugs, while having strong family support and parental monitoring may protect against drug problems and help to overcome them.

 Ethnicity, religion and sexual orientation People from minority groups defined by ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation can be more likely or less likely to use drugs than the social majority. Rates of drug use may be higher if drugs are more readily available in their communities or prevention programmes are not appropriate to them. If they develop drug problems, stigma and poor access to health services may prevent help-seeking. However, some minority communities have lower rates of drug use because of strong social cohesion, close family ties and religious prohibitions on drug use.

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Chapter 1 Implementing, monitoring and evaluating the selected responses

Health and social responses to drug problems

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I Management and co-ordination of services Management systems are needed to co-ordinate the efforts of different agencies and services that are attempting to address drug problems. Co-ordination may require the establishment of advisory committees or reference groups with broad representation from key stakeholders. These can determine the direction of an overall strategy. They also ensure the involvement of all those affected by a policy, which facilitates wider acceptance of the policy approaches. In addition, the interaction between drug problems and other health and social problems means that it is important to ensure proper co-ordination between drug services and other health services. For example, drug problems are often associated with mental health problems and it is therefore essential that drug and mental health services work together to ensure both problems are addressed effectively (see Spotlight on comorbid substance use and mental health problems, page 31). Unfortunately, this often does not occur. Quality standards for service provision are another mechanism for assisting effective implementation. These are discussed in Chapter 5. The EU has published minimum quality standards in drug demand reduction that cover prevention, risk and harm reduction and treatment, social reintegration and rehabilitation. Regular consultations with agencies involved in service delivery may be needed in order to identify and address implementation problems. Service user representatives can provide feedback on service performance and make suggestions on how to improve service design and delivery. It is critical to create an organisational culture in which there is collaboration rather than competition between agencies and services for resources and clients.

I Monitoring and evaluation of service delivery Monitoring, evaluation and feedback are essential for good service delivery. They enable staff to monitor the performance of their programmes, improve delivery, assess cost-efficiency and account to funders on the services that they deliver. It should also allow the identification of

unintended negative consequences of interventions or other actions, for example, a change in practice leading to higher drop-out rates, or where actions taken to prevent diversion of prescription medicines reduce access for patients who require them, leading to ineffective treatment and associated pain and suffering and increased health care costs. Monitoring the implementation and uptake of interventions requires sustainable data collection systems. If the data are to be useful, forms need to be routinely and well completed. Results should be fed back to staff to demonstrate the value of data collection. Examples of the types of questions that need to be asked in monitoring and evaluating interventions are:  What types of intervention have been delivered (e.g. counselling, social support, opioid substitution treatment)?  How many and what types of clients or target groups have they served?  What are the outcomes in terms of preventing or reducing drug use and drug-related harm or improving quality of life of clients?  How do the intervention costs compare to alternative programmes or services? These data are valuable for both internal and external purposes, for example: evaluating and refining services and responses to clients; reporting to funding bodies; making the case for continued or additional funding for current services; or arguing for alternative more cost-effective interventions. Monitoring and assessment of ongoing service delivery are usually undertaken by the services themselves, while outcome and impact evaluation is ideally undertaken by external evaluators, who can be more objective. Monitoring and evaluation is discussed in more detail in section 5.3. As there may be a delay before interventions have any detectable effects on drug-related harm, the challenge for policymakers may be to ensure that services continue to be funded when a perceived drug crisis has passed. Research findings on the impact of services, their cost-effectiveness and the population-level scale of drug problems can play a useful role in this process.

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Spotlight on … Comorbid substance use and mental health problems Mental health problems are very common in those with a substance use disorder, and these patients have more clinically and psychosocially severe problems than patients with substance use disorders without comorbid mental health problems.

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The most frequent psychiatric comorbidities among individuals with substance use disorders are major depression, anxiety (mainly panic and post-traumatic stress disorders) and personality disorders (mainly antisocial and borderline). The presence of these comorbid mental health problems increases the difficulty of treating substance use disorders, increases the risk of chronicity, and leads to poorer prognoses for both the psychiatric and the substance use disorders. There is broad agreement in the literature that the two types of disorders should be addressed using a multidisciplinary approach in which drug and mental health professionals work together towards common goals. However, there is a lack of consensus on the most appropriate treatment setting and the best pharmacological and psychosocial strategies to use. The main barrier in treating comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders is the separation of mental health and drug use treatment networks in most European countries. This often means that each treatment service lacks sufficient expertise to treat both types of disorders and this leads to different treatment approaches, regulations and financial resources.

Improving responses for people with comorbidity A systematic approach is needed to detect and treat comorbid mental health problems in people with substance use disorders. Substance use and psychiatric disorders should be assessed using validated instruments. Standard screening instruments for substance use disorders and for psychiatric disorders can be used routinely when limited staff time or lack of expertise prevents more extended assessments. The therapeutic approaches to tackle dual diagnosis, whether pharmacological, psychological or both, have to address both disorders from the first point of contact to identify the best option for each individual. There is a need for:  An in-depth review of service organisation in European countries.  A multinational study using a standardised methodology to facilitate cross-national comparisons.  The introduction of specific items about psychiatric comorbidity in substance use disorder patients into reporting systems across Europe to allow routine monitoring.  Treatment outcome studies to improve the evidence base for pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for people with comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders.

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 A comprehensive review and research on possible early interventions to identify high-risk cases (e.g. early adolescents) in order to develop prevention measures. See the 2015 EMCDDA Insight, Comorbidity of substance use and mental disorders in Europe.

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060 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | RESPONSES GUIDE | Sub-chapter introductory page 61 mm

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2.1 Responding to problems associated with cannabis usep

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SUMMARY

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Cannabis use can result in, or exacerbate, a range of physical and mental health, social and economic problems. Problems are more likely to develop if use begins at a young age and develops into regular and long-term use. The primary objectives for health and social responses to address cannabis use and associated problems should therefore include:  preventing use, or delaying its onset from adolescence until young adulthood;  preventing the escalation of cannabis use from occasional to regular use;

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 reducing harmful modes of use; and  providing interventions, including treatment, for people whose cannabis use has become problematic.

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keywords: cannabis prevention e-health young people cannabis regulation brief interventions

Response options  Prevention programmes, such as multicomponent school interventions that develop social competences and refusal skills, healthy decisionmaking and coping, and correct normative misperceptions about drug use; family interventions; and structured computer-based interventions.  Brief interventions, for example, motivational interviewing delivered in emergency departments or primary care settings.  Treatment: research suggests that cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational interviewing and contingency management can reduce cannabis use and harm in the short term; multidimensional family therapy can help reduce use in high-severity young patients; and some web- and computer-based interventions can reduce cannabis use in the short term.  Harm reduction interventions, for example, addressing the harms associated with smoking cannabis, especially when used together with tobacco.

European picture  Universal prevention is widespread but not always evidence-based. Selective prevention approaches are used in some European countries, most commonly with young offenders or with youth in care institutions, but little is known about their effectiveness. Indicated prevention approaches and brief interventions do not appear to be widely used.  Many EU countries offer treatment for people with cannabis problems within generic drug treatment programmes, and cannabis-specific treatment is available in half of the countries. Most treatment is provided in community or outpatient settings and increasingly online.

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REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON COUNTRY DRUG REPORTS

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062 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | COUNTRY DRUG REPORTS | Overview

Country Drug Reports Type: Reporting on the drug phenomenon, multi-coloured line Colours: EMCDDA Blue (main accent colour) plus EMCDDA full colour palette (highlights) Format: 210 × 297 mm (A4)

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Austria

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Country Drug Report 2017

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Contents: At a glance National drug strategy and coordination (p. 2) Public expenditure (p. 3) Drug laws and drug law offences (p. 4) Drug use (p. 5) Drug harms (p. 8) Prevention (p. 10) Harm reduction (p. 11) Treatment (p. 12) Drug use and responses in prison (p. 14) Quality assurance (p. 14) Drug-related research (p. 15) Drug markets (p. 16) Key drug statistics for Austria (p. 18) EU Dashboard (p. 20)

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Primary output: Online Treatment entrants

in young adults (15-34 years) in the last year

by primary drug

Cannabis

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2006

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Population

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Source: EUROSTAT Extracted on: 26/03/2017

NB: Data presented here are either national estimates (prevalence of use, opioid drug users) or reported numbers through the EMCDDA indicators (treatment clients, syringes, deaths and HIV diagnosis, drug law offences and seizures). Detailed information on methodology and caveats and comments on the limitations in the information set available can be found in the EMCDDA Statistical Bulletin.

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THE DRUG PROBLEM IN AUSTRIA AT A GLANCE Drug use

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Austria Country Drug Report 2017

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THE DRUG PROBLEM IN AUSTRIA AT A GLANCE Drug use

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by primary drug

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COUNTRY DRUG REPORT 2017 Austria

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About this report This report presents the top-level overview of the drug phenomenon in Austria, covering drug supply, use and public health problems as well as drug policy and responses. The statistical data reported relate to 2015 (or most recent year) and are provided to the EMCDDA by the national focal point, unless stated otherwise.

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National drug strategy and coordination

National drug strategy In Austria, the Addiction Prevention Strategy was adopted in 2016 and, alongside the Narcotic Substances Act, sets out the goals, principles and framework for Austria’s drug policy. It supports the principle of treatment instead of punishment, aims for a society as free of addiction as possible and views addiction as a disease. The strategy addresses illicit drugs and licit substances alongside non-substance-related addictive behaviour and provides an orientating framework at the federal level for work on drug use issues in Austria and complements the drug strategies of the nine provinces (Figure 1). It has three fields of intervention: (i) prevention of addiction; (ii) help with addiction (harm reduction, treatment, rehabilitation and reintegration); and (iii) security. The strategy does not have a defined timeframe or a specific action plan.

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Illicit drugs focus Broader focus

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While no systematic evaluation of the current drug strategy document is planned, Austria, like other European countries, evaluates its drug policy and strategy using routine indicator monitoring and specific research projects. Addiction research, evaluation and quality assurance are identified as key support processes in the Austrian Addiction Prevention Strategy for the ongoing development of interventions and policy.

National coordination mechanisms The Federal Drug Coordination Office, attached to the Ministry of Health, coordinates drug policy at the federal level. It consists of representatives from all relevant ministries. The Coordination Office is tasked with managing the operational coordination of federal drug policies, preparing drug-related ministerial decisions and participating in European and international drug policy forums on Austria’s behalf. The Federal Drug Forum is a coordinating and advisory body for Austria’s nine provinces; the provinces work together though the Provincial Conference of Drug Coordinators and each has Drug or Addiction Coordination Offices and Addiction Prevention Units.

Austria

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involved). This, and the following page,

An interactive version of this publication, containing links to online content, is available in PDF, EPUB and HTML format: www.emcdda.europa.eu/countries

The Addiction Prevention Strategy was adopted in 2016 and addresses illicit drugs and licit substances alongside non-substance-related addictive behaviour

NB: Year of data 2015. Strategies with broader focus may include, for example, licit drugs and other addictions.

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COUNTRY DRUG REPORT 2017 Austria

For any minor drug possession Not for minor cannabis possession, but possible for other drug possession Not for minor drug possession

Innsbruck city participates in the Europe-wide annual wastewater campaigns undertaken by the Sewage Analysis Core Group Europe (SCORE). This study provides data on drug use at a community level, based on the levels of stimulant drugs and their metabolites found in wastewater. As in most European cities, the levels of cocaine and MDMA/ecstasy levels in the wastewater in Innsbruck were higher during weekends than on weekdays.

FIGURE 4 Estimates of last-year drug use among young adults (15–34 years) in Austria

Drug law offences

Cannabis

Young adults reporting use in the last year

Cocaine

Young adults reporting use in the last year

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55-64

2007

In 2015, the Austrian Federal Ministry of the Interior reported 32 907 DLOs, which is the highest number ever recorded. The statistical data indicate that 8 out of 10 DLOs were linked to cannabis, followed by cocaine, crack and amphetamines. The majority of all DLOs were classified as misdemeanours related to handling drugs and the remaining offences were related to trafficking.

0.5 % 0.3 %

2010

Drug law offence (DLO) data are the foundation for monitoring drug-related crime and are also a measure of law enforcement activity and drug market dynamics; they may be used to inform policies on the implementation of drug laws and to improve strategies.

2009

Legal penalties: the possibility of incarceration for possession of drugs for personal use (minor offence)

To inhibit the trade in new psychoactive substances (NPS), the New Psychoactive Substances Act and New Psychoactive Substances Regulation came into force in 2012. The distribution or sale of substances listed in Annex I of the Regulation, which may be defined in groups using a generic approach, may be punished by imprisonment for up to two years for basic offences or 1-10 years when distribution of the substance has led to serious bodily harm or death. Possession of NPS for personal use is not punishable.

While some experimentation with these substances may occur in certain settings and by a sub-group of young people, the available data from party settings indicate that the popularity of NPS may have decreased in Austria.

FIGURE 3

In Austria, cannabis remains the illicit substance that is most frequently used by 15- to 64-year-olds. The long-term analysis indicates a slightly increasing trend in cannabis use among young adults between 2008 and 2015; however, it is likely that the lower prevalence of use in 2008 relates to data collection methodology. Among the general population the prevalence of use of stimulants, opioids and other illicit substances is significantly lower than that of cannabis. In general, the use of illicit substances in Austria is concentrated among young adults aged 15-34 years, and males generally report higher prevalence rates than females (Figure 4).

The use of drugs is not mentioned as an offence. The sentence for the possession of drugs for personal use is up to six months in prison or a fine, provided the quantity of drugs is not over the defined threshold (Figure 3). A range of alternatives to punishment are in place, including mandatory suspension of proceedings in certain defined cases involving possession or acquisition of small amounts of drugs for personal use; this procedure was streamlined in 2015, with the police now sending offenders directly to health authorities. Therapy instead of imprisonment may also be offered to drug addicts who have committed more serious crimes and are willing to undergo treatment. However, if aggravating circumstances apply, such as the involvement of minors or commercial intent, the penalty is up to three years’ imprisonment.

Lifetime prevalence of the use of NPS among the general population remains low.

Prevalence and trends

2008

The Narcotic Substances Act came into force in 1998 and continued the Austrian drug policy approach of making a clear distinction between criminals trafficking drugs and people with drug-related health problems. The law distinguishes between these two categories using several criteria, with the quantity of drugs involved (above or below the threshold defined in a Ministry of Health decree) being the most relevant factor. Penalties may vary according to whether the drug is classed as a narcotic or psychotropic drug. Special provisions exist for cannabis and hallucinogenic mushrooms.

I Drug use

The maximum penalties for trafficking large quantities (more than 15 times the threshold quantity) were increased in 2008 to two or three years’ imprisonment for possession, depending on the type of drug, five years’ imprisonment for import or production and imprisonment for 1-10 years, 10-20 years or life for other crimes, depending on the particular circumstances (i.e. commercial purposes, membership of a gang, previous convictions and amount of drugs involved).

2007

National drug laws

2006

I Drug laws and drug law offences

Austria For any minor drug possession

MDMA

and, if small, are placed within one

Amphetamines

Young adults reporting use in the last year

In 2015, a total 32 907 drug law offences were reported in Austria

Young adults reporting use in the last year

1.1 % 1% 55-64 0 % 45-54

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066 TECHNICAL ANNEX | REPORTING ON THE DRUG PHENOMENON | COUNTRY DRUG REPORTS | Headers and pagination and last page 12 mm

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COUNTRY DRUG REPORT 2017 Austria FIGURE 5 Substance use among 15- to 16- year-old school students in Austria %

Past 30 days

Lifetime use

FIGURE 5

Lifetime use of cigarettes (%)

100

Past 30 days

Lifetime use

Austria Average of ESPAD countries

2015

2011

2007

2003

100

Source: ESPAD study 2015.

Tranquillisers without prescription

Inhalants

New psychoactive substances

2015

Illicit drugs other than cannabis

2011

Cannabis

2007

Heavy episodic drinking

2003

Alcohol

1999

Cigarettes

1995

COUNTRY DRUG REPORT 2017 Austria

100

Headers and pagination As online publications, Country Drug Reports have special headers placed on grey-lined background strips as shown here. The pagination is always placed in the lower right corner with the current page number before the slash and the total number of pages of the publication following it. Last page and legal notice

Drug use among 15- to 16-year-old students was reported in the 2015 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Compared with the ESPAD averages (35 countries), Austrian students reported somewhat higher prevalence rates of lifetime use of cannabis, while lifetime use of illicit drugs other than cannabis and lifetime use of NPS were roughly the same as the averages for all countries. Austrian students tended to report higher rates than the ESPAD averages for the variables for licit psychoactive substances (Figure 5).

High-risk drug use and trends Studies reporting estimates of high-risk drug use can help to identify the extent of the more entrenched drug use problems, while data on the first-time entrants to specialised drug treatment centres, when considered alongside other indicators, can inform understanding on the nature and trends in high-risk drug use (Figure 7).

number of high-risk opioid users reside in Vienna, and the majority are male. In recent years, localised areas of high-risk 0 methamphetamine use have emerged in Upper Austria.

with those for online publications. The last page carries the legal notice and may also include acknowledgements and related publications.

Cigarettes

Alcohol

Heavy episodic drinking

Source: ESPAD study 2015.

Rorerum quam invenissimil et volore sam aut ut a dolorrore cus dignatur sequi omnimin citiame et aborios sitat eos dita a verum eum quam, quasped quaspiendae. Et et maximi, officiu nderovite nosam et fuga. Rest, tem. Si alit essim lab illabo. Iquiduntem utatem nati cor aped qui as doluptatem aut earia etur, quo tota volleste nectatet voluptionem ut quiation porum facea quistion prerum volupti repeliquatem rem vendus, quam laboressit repedisimos explige nectia coribus exerio. Estius exerati sus unt fugia dem velitio. Rorerum quam invenissimil et volore sam aut ut a dolorrore cus dignatur sequi omnimin citiame et aborios sitat eos dita a verum eum quam, quasped quaspiendae. Et et maximi, officiu nderovite nosam et fuga. Rest, tem. Si alit essim lab illabo. Iquiduntem utatem nati cor aped qui as doluptatem aut earia etur, quo tota volleste nectatet voluptionem ut quiation porum facea quistion prerum volupti repeliquatem rem vendus, quam laboressit repedisimos explige nectia coribus exerio. Estius exerati sus unt fugia dem velitio.

Cannabis

Illicit drugs other than cannabis

Drug use among 15- to 16-year-old students was reported in the 2015 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Compared with the ESPAD averages (35 countries), Austrian students reported l l l somewhat higher prevalence rates of lifetime use of cannabis, while lifetime use of illicit drugs other than l l l 6 / 30 cannabis and lifetime use of NPS were roughly the same 10 mm as the averages for all countries. Austrian students tended to report higher rates than the ESPAD averages for the 12 mm variables for licit psychoactive substances (Figure 5). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, year

© European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, year Reproduction is authorised provided the course is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EMCDDA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

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This publication is only available in electronic format.

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High-risk drug use in Austria remains mainly linked to 30 the use of opioids (heroin or medication used in opioid substitution treatment, usually in combination with other illicit and licit substances) (Figure 6). It is estimated that, 20 in 2015, approximately half of opioid users predominantly injected the drug, with snorting and smoking being the other 10 routes of administration. Approximately half of the estimated

High-risk drug use in Austria is linked to the use of heroin and other opioids

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Substance use among 15- to 16- year-old school students in Austria

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Austria Average of ESPAD countries

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COUNTRY DRUG REPORT 2017 Austria

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Inhalants

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High-risk drug use in Austria rema the use of opioids (heroin or medi substitution treatment, usually in c illicit and licit substances) (Figure in 2015, approximately half of opio injected the drug, with snorting an routes of administration. Approxim number of high-risk opioid users re majority are male. In recent years, methamphetamine use have eme

High-risk 18/06/2018 17:03 dru

INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES (GRA)

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Key achievements and governance: a year in review

Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt. Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur sitatetur aut abo. Et faccus perchiligeni con et pressedit omnit haristotat. Consed quunt, ea paruptat rerumqui omniendis dem doluptatio consecerume rerum, culluptatem ullorro beat. Equistrunt doluptaquos esequam ressi desto eos at re conesequam ipitati a vernam ut quaturio. Udi officiis as aut voluptam acitem. Ut laute pro destis quia plam aliasperi Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt.

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About the EMCDDA About the EMCDDA Laborib eatist Laborib inum alicidignia eatist inum enisalicidignia que consed enisquas que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo verorem oditatia in eiciliquo quodi oditatia omnis derrovidunt. quodi omnis derrovidunt. Ferspis estin re Ferspis dipsunto estin tecus, re dipsunto ut restinus. tecus, Reicitatur ut restinus. Reicitatur sitatetur aut abo. sitatetur Et faccus aut abo. perchiligeni Et faccuscon perchiligeni et pressedit con et pressedit omnit haristotat. omnit Consed haristotat. quunt,Consed ea paruptat quunt, rerumqui ea paruptat rerumqui omniendis dem omniendis doluptatio dem consecerume doluptatio consecerume rerum, rerum, culluptatem ullorro culluptatem beat. Equistrunt ullorro beat. doluptaquos Equistrunt doluptaquos esequam ressiesequam desto eosressi at redesto conesequam eos at re ipitati conesequam a ipitati a vernam ut quaturio. vernam Udi ut offi quaturio. ciis as aut Udi voluptam officiis as acitem. aut voluptam acitem. Ut laute pro destis Ut laute quiapro plam destis aliasperi quia plam Laborib aliasperi eatist Laborib eatist inum alicidignia inum enisalicidignia que consed enisquas queverorem consed quas in verorem in eiciliquo oditatia eiciliquo quodi oditatia omnis derrovidunt. quodi omnis derrovidunt.

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Key achievements and governance: a year in review

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GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES 2020

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GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU

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FINDING INFORMATION ABOUT THE EU

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Foreword

Introduction

Neither the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) nor any person acting on behalf of the agency is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information.

PART I: Report of activities: key achievements and governance

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, year © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, year Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

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CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2 Core business: monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem in Europe

CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 4

Executive summary

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Supporting drug policy dialogue and technical cooperation

Supporting the achievement of results

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PART II: Management and internal control systems: annual activity report as per the Financial Regulation applicable to the EMCDDA (adopted by the EMCDDA’s Management Board on 9 January 2009)

Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (year), publication title, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

CHAPTER 1 Characteristics and nature of EMCDDA management and internal control systems

CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 3

Assessment and improvement of management and internal control systems

Declaration of assurance by Authorising Officer and Management Board’s analysis and assessment of the Authorising Officer’s General report of activities for the financial year 2011

ANNEXES

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Annex 2: Breakdown of EMCCDA staff as of 31 December 2011

Annex 3: Outputs and products

Annex 4: Key external events, conferences and meetings, 2011 ( )

Annex 5: Members of the EMCDDA’s statutory bodies

Annex 6: Use of the available resources in 2011

Annex 7: List of acronyms and abbreviations

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1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 75

photo

I Foreword The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction hereby presents its seventeenth General report of activities to the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Auditors and the Member States.

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Divider page and front matter

The report provides an account of the EMCDDA’s activities and accomplishments in 2011, the second year within the EMCDDA three-year strategy and work programme for 2010–12.

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During 2011, the EMCDDA continued to provide support to the EU institutions and Member States in their various activities in the drugs field. For the second year in a row, the key findings of the Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe were presented by the Director to the Ministers for Home Affairs at a Council meeting, further to an invitation from the Polish Presidency. In November, the Annual report was presented to the Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs Committee of the European Parliament, together with an update of the first media monitoring of the public launch of the report. In 2011, the European Commission launched the third external evaluation of the EMCDDA, covering the agency’s last two three-year work programmes. The evaluation will be completed in the course of 2012.

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Foreword

My special thanks also go to Wolfgang Götz, Director of the Centre and his personnel as well as the Heads of the Reitox national focal points and their staff for their dedication and professional commitment to the results achieved in 2011.

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Report of activities: key achievements and governance

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Core business: monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem in Europe CHAPTER 3

Supporting drug policy dialogue and technical cooperation CHAPTER 4

Supporting the achievement of results 11

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The left page contains the grey-line background with the chapter number placed on the left. It is set at a large scale

(349.6 pt) and is placed as shown here. A grey vertical stripe in the height of the number (86.3 mm) is placed bleeding off

The Annual report was complemented by a set of products including the online Statistical bulletin of tables and graphics on drug use and responses to drug use, as well as three Selected issues entitled: ‘Cost and financing of drug treatment services in Europe’, ‘Mortality related to drug use in Europe’ and ‘Guidelines for the treatment of drug dependence: a European perspective’. In addition to these publications covering the EU drug phenomenon, the agency published online country overviews and Reitox national reports.1

the page left. The right page contains the chapter

number and title and the beginning of the chapter text.

(1) This report presents the implementation of the activities in the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)’s work programme for 2011. This is the second year of the agency’s three-year strategy 2010–12.

The title is justified right with the vertical line to the right.

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078 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | GRA | Chapter divider page (right)

130 mm

General Report of Activities 2020

30.2 mm

Chapter divider page (right) In some cases, it will be necessary to end a chapter on a left page. In such cases,

the chapter divider is placed on the right. Each chapter has a designated colour, which: is introduced in the chapter divider; corresponds with the colours shown on the contents page (see ‘Part divider and part

11 mm

86.3 mm

title pages’); and dominates the chapter.

The right page contains the grey-line background with the chapter number placed on the right. It is set at a large scale (349.46 pt) and is placed as shown here. A grey vertical stripe in the height of the number (86.3 mm) is placed bleeding off

the page right. 20 mm

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Chapter title page (left) | GRA | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | TECHNICAL ANNEX 079

General Report of Activities 2020

CHAPTER 2

I Core monitoring activities I Objective 1.1

To produce a state-of-the-art annual review of developments in drug use and supporting statistics and methodological information

Each year, the EMCDDA manages the annual cycle of data submission, analysis and reporting. The main outcome of this process is the Annual reporting package of the Annual

Chapter 2 Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

report, Selected issues, Statistical bulletin and country overviews. These form the basic information set from which many of the agency’s other products are derived. In order to prepare the Annual report, EMCDDA staff analyse the data provided by the Reitox network of NFPs through the agency’s web-based data collection instrument (Fonte) as well as national reports and external information sources. The most important source of data for the Annual report package each year is the Reitox network of NFPs. They submit standard tables and structured questionnaires through Fonte, along with national reports. The data submitted then undergoes quality checks in-house. The 2011 Annual report was published in print and online 22 languages and launched on 15 November in Lisbon. The report attracted great interest and registered 17 285 downloads by the end of 2011 (compared with 16 349 downloads over the same period in 2010) (2). As its name suggests, the Statistical bulletin is the backbone to the Annual report’s data. This key resource of over 400 tables and graphs published annually provides access to the most recent statistical data relating to the drug situation in Europe. In 2011, the Statistical bulletin went live on the agency’s website on 15 July (3).

EVENTS TO LAUNCH THE ANNUAL REPORT The main launch of the report took place in Lisbon on 15 November, with other launches in national languages at events in 14 Member States and Norway. The report presented a 105-page overview and analysis of the drug phenomenon in Europe. This was supported by the online Statistical bulletin made up of tables and graphics. Also published at the same time were three Selected issues: Cost and financing of drug treatment services in Europe, Mortality related to drug use in Europe and Guidelines for the treatment of drug dependence: a European perspective. In addition to these publications covering the drug phenomenon at European level, the agency published online country overviews and Reitox national reports. The country overviews present a summary of the national drug situation, key statistics at a glance and a barometer showing the drug use prevalence position for each country. These were published in English in November and then online in all national languages (4). It is important for the EMCDDA to ensure that the reporting system it implements is coherent, efficient and relevant to European needs. In 2011, a top-level analysis of the system was conducted, which led to the setting-up of a working group to simplify internal work practices. The result will be a streamlined, timely and integrated Annual report from 2012 onwards.

I Objective 1.2

To ensure efficient and methodologically sound data input, management, processing and preparation of data sets for analysis

Chapter title page (left)

In cases when the chapter divider page occurs on the right, the following chapter title

(2) Available at: www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/annual-report/2011 (3) See: www.emcdda.europa.eu/stats11 (4) See: www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/country-overviews

page is constructed as shown. The chapter number and title are justified left.

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080 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | GRA | Interior layout 60 mm

20 mm

0 mm General Report of Activities 2020

130 mm

I Usandame ndanis aut as (Trivia Sans Regular 13/15)

General Report of Activities 2020

30 mm

Sapitae conet nis con ex eos (Trivia Sans Book Regular 11/13) Que vit magnim et untionem fuga (Trivia Sans Regular Bold 9.4/13)

CHAPTER 1

(Trivia Sans Book Regular 9/13) Itatem simus es nonessit, qui corrum aut re eatia dolorib uscias as mincill uptatem es quis se culpa comnimi, sum que pero maiorerunt evellore volut ape nam undel ipsunt officienti nam que sequam voluptas voluptatet que ex et fuga. Nametur, sam eosamen iandellabo. Nam cullam, te ventiam, qui a illest, sunt, conseque debis et fugiate odite vel moluptaquia nus doluptat derore voluptur?

Heading 1 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae

Ipsandelit harum ea ea cor aut is es et mincitatem. Videm evernatatque incimperum fuga. Sequi omnis doloreria sed mostrunt ad eos volupta etus quae cus iumquod istemporatia sus velecti beatem. Et ipis con plabore henisquatem ra int adiamus re, as et adi aliscideles et exerendae. Em intium is dus nonsequam audiossimus http://www.emcdda. europa.eu/publications/general-report-of-activities/2011 (web links – only underlined) magnis aborecerit, sit expe lab ium re cusdae veriaer eperum ni a dunt.

CHAPTER Heading 2 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

Interior layout

Ipsam eos volorerem. Ihiciet dollati (Trivia Sans Medium Italic 9.4/13)

Heading 3 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

The General Report of Activities is set in

Volorecea veles ium cum nis etum quam, nostem voluptat untur? Uptatio endae volorrum estium quiae non porem quiae. Ut quiatis explam voluptatis init ipsaniae nossediciur, sus dolorem et molores volesequi dem eles in poste vellabo restis dolut mintia ist, tem earumqui odit fugit faccus qui doluptatur molorpores minvel mos minverro te qui in cuptas eumquatiorem endis magnimint.

247 mm

a one-column layout, with text justified

Heading 4 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

left, without hyphenation. There are five

Heading 5 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

heading levels, including the main chapter

Hicab iderum et la dent que et rerundae si rent et occatemquat ercient atur? Quis et iur rehendi idelis andae. Emod molendae as atque voles aut velessi musanducium facea porrorro bernatem. Ut rem harumen daepudis eicias enduntis dolecaes a verspe consero incit quam, nimincidem etur maio ea iliaes por aut facid etus ipition porum rat quatem aut facesci lignimo sandae sus non est volorro mo ipisqui testrunt qui dipsum harum am etus es exerum untureritata doluptatem eic tet accum hicatem. Elest, con porempe ruptaqu assima es sunt et faccusa pellitia dolor mo bea dipissi molessi qui at.

title level. The first three heading levels include a vertical line in the chapter colour. Headings should never be placed too close to the bottom of the page (a minimum of

CHAPTER NUMBER LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

Occulpa quibus eaquas ant andae mo dit, nullaut quas non cusandusdam ipsunducia sedi quae restias doluptaqui ipsame cus dem reped es sunt, nulluptur, omnimus re, od quos doluptas estrum sit pos voluptate exerspiet harchillab iunt moluptae si dit explignim expla dit volendempore erunt dis modi occabor eperum idender ferite ipsum quatem facid que omnit etur aut qui inullamusam et, sitemo volupic aborepu ditatecus arupta nulparchil et quae landion prectur ibusam, con endanih illabor epererum incilignat eostempore nis aut quibusam ant faciandam re ne lique quos re doluptatas posam, occuptae parum et officatecest derferum dolorem etusdae minvend icatatur ad que repellic te volorio que nihilisimpos re moloria corehenis sincteces unt utem explitiaes aut evendam quiamet ex et lique nimaios premqua ercium quid ut fugiti quis asperib erumquam, ut a sundem et harchil maximpo resciis cimiligenem. Ullessi quatum eos aut lab in et et lab ium volupta id quia nonem quid quas il modiorr oruptaquis volorro dolupidebis atem que natectur adi sum volupta quia nectur sitendam ut ut volorem. Nequi bea delloribea velibus, is nullabore dolorpor maiores mi, quat re dita dolorum, corrovi duntiumqui quia voluptis moloris pel idem as eum fugiatur? Quia voluptaquia voluptassi volento officid magnis ipsum incium in consequatia quate con con rem. Ucitaspe eati cor re con nestio ipsandae nis mil int quo volum volupient essi dolorpore pro omni nissint venti omnit quam qui am qui officae comnihilit ipsum aut landus adionempore nam conserumquis eate veles min recatestio

CHAPTER NAME / HEADING LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 28 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

two lines of body text must be left under any headline before the end of a page; the

CHAPTER NUMBER LEVEL 2 Trivia Sans Light, 13 pt / 15 pt, 65% black

optimum is five lines or more). If needed, white space may be left at the bottom

CHAPTER NAME / HEADING LEVEL 2 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 15 pt, 65% black

of the page (e.g. when there are tables involved). Please see following pages for the specific placement of graphics, images

HEADING LEVEL 3 Trivia Sans Book, 11 pt / 13 pt, 80% black HEADING LEVEL 4 Trivia Sans Medium, 9.4 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

and tables in the layout.

HEADING LEVEL 5 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 9.4 pt / 13 pt, chapter colour

For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

20 mm

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f criteria by a jury consistingidentifi of members theed EMCDDA ScientifiStates, c Committee ed and of notifi to the Member Europol, the European Medicines Agency staff. The five winners were(EMA) honoured a ceremony held in Lisbon. and during the European Commission (EC). Subsequently, 52 new substance profiles were Headers and pagination | GRA | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | TECHNICAL ANNEX 081 prepared and included in the European database on new drugs. In total, more than 200 on of high-quality reports, articles and profi presentations continued in 2011. substance les were updated in 2011, including additional forensic analytical data. 6 mm 6 mm English-language printed or online publications, along with various translated well as 3910scientifi c articlesAn written or co-authored EMCDDA staff were important highlight inby2011 was the First International Multidisciplinary Forum on mm e agency’s website was continually improved enhanced, adding new New (Forum on New Drugs), organised in Lisbon and attended by over 100 experts, General Chapter Report 2of Core Activities business 2020–and monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem IDrugs pecialist topics as required.including representatives from partner EU agencies. The event took stock of current developments in the area of new drugs with a view to anticipating future challenges GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES Trivia Sans Light, 8 pt, 80% black with EU institutions was further strengthened in 2011. and identifying anchor pointsOn for 29 theNovember, agency’s work. PUBLICATION DATE presented the Annual report to the Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 8 pt, 80% black t the European Parliament Th in eBrussels. In addition, the EMCDDA was active Similarly, in 2011 the EMCDDA undertook a series of actions to assist the EC and the on highlights of our work with the ECDC included the aforementioned jointCHAPTER guidance NUMBER Trivia Sans pt, 80% black ons and interventions in all injecting meetingsdrug of the Horizontal Drugs Group (HDG) European Council with the assessment of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA on the users, published and translated into 11 languages (full version) andLight, a 8rapid CHAPTER NAME al dialogues between the EU and third countries. information exchange, assessment and in control of new substances. risk assessment report risk on the HIV outbreak injecting drugpsychoactive users in Greece and Romania. Trivia Sans Medium, 8 pt, 80% black The is collaboration included preparing documents, attending meetings organised by the ECfor and Th with the EMA included the preparation of a draft proposal the joint VERTICAL LINE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 8 pt, 160.3% o a year of major developments in terms collaboration with other EU contributing toof the work of the (EU) Horizontal Drugs Group (HDG). implementation of Regulation No 1235/2010 Article 28c on pharmacovigilance vertical scale, baseline shift -1.688 pt, (colour based on the chapter colour) operation with Europol occurred through the former’s involvement in various legislation. In 2011, there was also an active exchange of expertise, data and information For vertical line construction see page nts and joint work on the Council Decision onpartners newon psychoactive substances. In addition, the ‘Report the risk assessment mephedrone in the framework of the annex. with international including the UnitedofNations Office on Drugs and Crime, 008–011 of this Technical with the European Police College (CEPOL) was further enhanced, the Council Decision on newthe psychoactive substances’ was released May, presenting World Health Organization, Council namely of Europe’s Pompidou Group, in the Inter-American PAGINATION Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, 55% black, mmitment to develop joint activities in the future. Major progress was also the summary findings and conclusions of the risk assessment on mephedrone Drug Abuse Control Commission, the World Customs Organization, Interpolbaseline andcarried atthe 9.5 mm from bottom of the page, 1.5 mm from the vertical line. boration with Eurojust withMaritime theintwo agencies agreeing to extended signCentre a cooperation out 2010 by the and EMCDDA’s Scientifi c Committee and additional experts Analysis Operations — Narcotics. PAGINATION VERTICAL LINE cusing on drug-related judicial from issues. the EC, Europol and the EMA. 13 mm long from bottom of page, I

General Report of Activities 2020

Chapter 1 Executive summary

EMCDDA balance sheet at 31 December 2011

31.12.2010

Variation

A. Non-current assets Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment Land and buildings

Plant and equipment

Computer hardware

98 442.83

194 132.87

-95 690.04

2 336 471.25

2 488 414.54

-151 943.29

2 084 537.76

2 176 027.28

-91 489.52

65 654.77

78 932.35

-13 277.58

106 666.66

Furniture and vehicles

Total non-current assets

133 132.40

-26 465.74

79 612.06

100 322.51

-20 710.45

2 434 914.08

2 682 547.41

-247 633.33

15 972.20

11 600.00

4 372.20

B. Current assets

Short-term pre-financing

15 972.20

11 600.00

4 372.20

Short-term receivables

358 576.74

325 558.64

33 018.10

Current receivables

235 482.78

183 435.29

52 047.49

Other

123 093.96

142 123.35

-19 029.39

123 575.96

142 123.35

-18 547.39

Accrued income

-482.00

Deferred charges

Cash and cash equivalents

-482.00

875 681.67

2 056 532.41

-1 180 850.74

Total current assets

1 250 230.61

2 393 691.05

-1 143 460.44

Total

3 685 144.69

5 076 238.46

-1 391 093.77

8 x 10 cm photo

1 pt thick, 100% chapter colour.

13 mm

EMCDDA balance sheet at 31 December 2011

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 81

11.5 mm

Work to improve Europe’s capacity to monitor and evaluate policies was enhanced in 2011. This included the launch of a new series of ‘Drug policy profiles’ describing the main characteristics of national drug policies. The first edition on Portugal was released on 23 June. In addition, the policy briefing Responding to new psychoactive substances was published, describing some of the practical and legal obstacles facing Member States in relation to new substances. In 2011, the EMCDDA actively contributed to the evaluation of the 2005–12 EU drugs strategy and its two action plans. Work in this area included a report on the main trends and changes in the European drug situation and in the responses developed by EU Member States over the period.

Assets

31.12.2011

9.5 mm

1.5 mm

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082 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | GRA | Use of images

General Report of Activities 2020

ANNEX 5 Implementation of the 2012 work programme by objectives, activities and expected outputs/results This annex provides a detailed presentation of the implementation of the EMCDDA 2012 work programme, by objectives, activities and expected results, with a view to providing the reader with a clear picture of the work carried out by the agency in 2012. As indicated below, the EMCDDA implemented a large proportion of its planned activities on time, or with minor delays. Deviations from initial plans — either due to internal operational issues or external factors — are also presented, the latter being beyond the agency’s control.

Use of images min. 9 mm

Photographs are used in the General Report of Activities (see Chapter 1 of

8 x 5 cm photo

the Corporate identity manual – pages 1.24 and 1.25 – for guidelines on imagery). Images should be placed carefully so as to balance the layout

Chapter 2 Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

cus in cus explabor minti berspelest, odios inulparios acil ma nument, cullam, quas ratent ium fugiae pore porion re eos am, volupta temoloris modi odit aut quam natibuscia verernatur aut imet explatet rem ipsum, quat volupta dere nus et pa sitis elis net, core, consed que et harum doluptaesto etur molorepe deliquiandam volum que volum hillatin re, ut rentia int a velenet ut magnameni acculliquia sandest, ulluptas ut dolut volorerum doles eaquis ra verspitiae pla ditionsequis aut aut et molores dolende ruptatur aut eliquae poribus ant. Sum rest dollatiisquo cust ea none aut explabo. Occum soluptatur si cum enda estrum quunt ut eum hario dolorersped eossunt, omniscil illum quo to voloreptate arupta quam, idus et es am velit ullabo. Mus anihilia aut pliquates rectem quo cullanist, sitem utem. Hitinctat imaximus verspistissi dolupta audipietum eos audae sim veliaeperum fugitam ad maio te magniatia sitatur apisciis quiae volupta sim ea vernatur rest ea eiur ressi volorit que idipsus et et hicipsam sit voluptaest, to volupta con pratur? Rum doloribus, volentis abore ea et quia vent. Dus qui blam, offici ipsum quo min comnimo luptaturia vellat laccus, simusciis quae a denducilibus autatates explabo restiis ad et, occulparum eum quissi nullabo rporum aliae sapeliq uatur, a dolupta dolest eum as accus doloremquia nonem rehentur?pud itatiis ciatur sapit ent laborec essuntem velis atem eum vel ipitinctus int res aut optam idem quas et ut autempo ritatustrum debis quatior res atat quiat liquas mi, te nobisti core, corehenim quam eatem aut et atus vollabo ritistinto

min. 15 mm min. 9 mm Unplanned activities had a major impact on the agency’s work. The most notable example being the first joint EMCDDA–Europol ‘EU Drug markets report’. This was the result of a direct request from the European Commission to the EMCDDA at the end of 2011. Important internal resources were deployed to this top priority project, which was not part of the EMCDDA 2012 work programme, and which had a major impact on planned activities in several main areas.

and to not break up tables. This page and the next show the

Alongside unplanned activities, some areas required more resources than initially estimated for 2012 due to their unpredictable nature. This mainly applied to activities linked to the implementation of the early-warning system on new psychoactive substances, which registered an increase of more than 50 % in the number of new substances notified compared with 2011. Another example was the rapid response provided by the EMCDDA with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), following outbreaks of HIV cases in people who inject drugs (PWID) in 2011 in Greece and Romania. Intensive work was carried out in 2012, including two ad-hoc publications on the updated situation in each country.

various sizes and placements of images. When using a half-page photo on the right or left, the page number should be covered. The smaller

Half page photo 148 mm

Furthermore, increased resources needed to be allocated to some projects as a result of external factors. One example is the conference ´Testing the waters´, planned for May 2013 in Vienna. The initial partner and co-organiser of the event, the European Science Foundation, informed the EMCDDA in October 2012 that due to internal constraints it had to withdraw from the conference. As this topic is highly-relevant for the work of the agency and due to the advanced state of preparation, the event was maintained and will now be a smaller conference, to be held at the EMCDDA, in May 2013. The change in the

formats of 8 × 5 cm and 8 × 10 cm can be used left and right within the designated text area. The correct bleed-space should be set according

to the printer specifications.

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Use of images | GRA | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | TECHNICAL ANNEX 083 20 mm 0 mm

Chapter 2 Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

80 mm

30 mm

8 x 10 cm photo

100 mm

NO CLICHÉS

NO ILLUSTRATIONS

NO FAKES

NO EXAGGERATIONS

NO DRASTICS

NO SYMBOLISM

176 mm

8 x 5 cm photo

50 mm

Use of images Images should be natural, truthful and factual. Avoid clichés, illustrative photos, 17

20 mm

fakes, exaggerations and drastic and symbolic images.

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084 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | GRA | Annex – two-page tables

TABLE CONTENT Tables fit into the type area (two columns) defined on previous pages.

General Report of Activities 2020

One table combines a maximum of two colours and its shades.

Chapter 2 Core business – monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem

ANNEX 6 Use of the available resources in 2011

EMCDDA 2011 budget allocation and execution by objectives and activities of the EMCDDA 2011 work programme

The table header is always full colour (see colour section), text Trivia Sans Regular Bold, white, 8 pt / 9 pt.

(a) Vertical operations (Core business pursuant to the priority areas of activities defined in the EMCDDA founding Regulation)

The table text uses Trivia Sans Medium (100% black) and Trivia Sans Light (100% black). Assigned HR (fte/year) [1] Objectives and activities of EMCDDA 2011 WP

ADOBE INDESIGN TABLE SETTINGS – minimal row height: 5 mm – column and row strokes – 0.5 pt thick, white

Core monitoring activities Key indicators and monitoring the epidemiology of the drug situation Monitoring responses, interventions and solutions applied to drug-related problems Transversal analysis Supply and supply reduction

Scientific director (SDI)

1.00

2.90

EPI

0.70

6.20

SNE

3.90

Total HR

Initial allocation

Final allocation (31.12.11)

Execution at 31.12.11 (committed)

For indirect cost of operations [3]

Initial allocation

Final Execution allocation at 31.12.11 Total initial (31.12.11) (committed) allocation

Total final allocation (31.12.11)

Total Execution at 31.12.11 (committed)

3.90

439 342

340 262

339 563

306 417

174 155

168 670

745 759

514 417

508 233

10.80

1 086 263

1 144 676

1 144 257

848 539

926 738

923 611

1 934 802

2 071 414

2 067 868

IBS

1.50

2.10

0.90

4.50

480 579

523 092

522 573

353 558

348 641

346 548

834 137

871 733

869 121

SDI + CUPs

0.30

1.80

0.20

2.30

222 617

172 999

172 766

180 707

143 194

138 685

403 324

316 193

311 451

SAT

2.50

1.00

3.50

351 163

377 086

376 905

274 990

231 165

231 032

626 153

608 251

607 937

3.50

381 970

403 685

399 504

274 990

231 165

231 032

656 960

634 850

630 536

464 359

462 064

1 027 543

1 064 640

1 062 209

424 660

422 870

690 610

827 898

825 770

2 924 512

6 919 288

6 909 396

6 883 125

Monitoring new trends and developments and assessing the risks of new substances

SAT

Improving Europe’s capacity to monitor and evaluate policies

POL

4.80

1.00

5.80

571 846

600 281

600 145

455 697

Good practice, guidelines and quality standards, and cooperation with the scientific community

IBS

0.50

3.20

3.70

399 907

403 238

402 900

290 703

4.00

26.00

3 933 687

3 965 319

3 958 613

2 985 601

2 944 077

2.50

1.00

[1] Fte/year = full time equivalent per year; O = officials; TA = temporary agents; CA = contract agents; SNE = seconded national experts

Tables

Allocated and executed budget — Non-assigned appropriations (EUR) For direct cost of operations [2]

Main organisational actors for implementation

7.00

1.00

38.00

Sometimes the data for tables becomes so complex that it is necessary to use both pages for the table layout. This page shows an example of such

a table from the annex.

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INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS GRA â&#x20AC;&#x201C; DIGITAL VERSION

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086 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | GRA digital version – overview

EN General Report of Activities digital version – overview Type: Institutional publications, multi-coloured line Colours: EMCDDA full colour palette Format: 260 × 210 mm Primary output: Online Layout: Two-column layout Tables: EMCDDA full colour palette (varying percentages) Graphics: EMCDDA full colour palette as required (e.g. maps, figures, infographics) The following pages describe the layout

General Report of Activities Key achievements and governance: a year in review

2020

features, colours and typography of this publication. For the title construction see pages 068–069 of this annex. For use of photos and graphics see specifications in the previous section. Basic backgrounds

Basic colours An Adobe InDesign template is available with all graphic elements to facilitate close observance of the design rules.

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Blue EMCDDA Green

Background Grey

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Blue 20% EMCDDA Green

EMCDDA Yellow

20% EMCDDA Yellow

For more information, see pages

EMCDDA Turquoise

20% EMCDDA Turquoise

3.20 and 3.21.

EMCDDA Red

20% EMCDDA Red

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Contents page | GRA digital version | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | TECHNICAL ANNEX 087

EMCDDA GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES

Contents 4

Foreword

Introduction

PART I: Report of activities: key achievements and governance 8

CHAPTER 1 Executive summary

CHAPTER 2 Core business: monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem in Europe

CHAPTER 3 Management and leadership

CHAPTER 4 Supporting the achievement of results

EMCDDA GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES

PART II: Management and internal control systems: annual activity report as per the Financial Regulation applicable to the EMCDDA 57

CHAPTER 1 Management Board´s analysis and assessment

CHAPTER 2 Management

CHAPTER 3 External evaluations

CHAPTER 4 Assessment of the effectiveness of the internal control systems

CHAPTER 5 Management assurance

2 / 90

Contents page

ANNEXES 70

ANNEX 1: Organisational chart

ANNEX 2: Staff details

ANNEX 3: Implementation of the 2016 work programme by objectives and expected outputs/results

ANNEX 4: Key performance indicators

ANNEX 5: Members of the EMCDDA’s statutory bodies

ANNEX 6: Use of the available resources

ANNEX 7: List of acronyms and abbreviations

The content page is a fixed layout based on the printed version of the GRA and may extend to as many pages as necessary.

3 / 90

For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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088 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | GRA digital version | Foreword

EMCDDA GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES

I Foreword

photo

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Foreword The foreword should follow a standard, two-column text layout. The photo should preferably be in portrait format and is placed to the left of the text as shown here. For vertical line construction see page

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008–011 of this Technical annex.

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Part title page | GRA digital version | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | TECHNICAL ANNEX 089

PART I Report of activities: key achievements and governance

CHAPTER 1

Executive summary CHAPTER 2

Core business: monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem in Europe

Part title page The beginning of each part starts with a special page, which is consistent throughout the publication.

CHAPTER 3

Management and leadership CHAPTER 4

Supporting the achievement of results

It contains the part number appearing in roman numerals, title and the contents of the part, with all text justified right. The vertical lines to the right of the chapter names appear in specific colours, matching the subsequent chapter colours.

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| GRA digital version | Interior layout 090 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONALCOREPUBLICATIONS EMCDDA GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES I PART I BUSINESS: MONITORING AND REPORTING ON THE DRUGS PROBLEM IN EUROPE I Chapter 2

CHAPTER 1

Heading 1 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae I Heading 2 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

CHAPTER NUMBER LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt / 30 pt, grey (R90 / G90 / B90)

HEADING LEVEL 3 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 14 pt / 16 pt, chapter colour

CHAPTER NAME / HEADING LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 28 pt / 30 pt, grey (R90 / G90 / B90)

HEADING LEVEL 4 Trivia Sans Regular, 12 pt / 13 pt, grey (R90/G90/B90)

HEADING LEVEL 2 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 14 pt / 16 pt, grey (R90 / G90 / B90)

HEADING LEVEL 5 Trivia Sans Medium, 9 pt / 13 pt, black

Heading 3 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

I Heading 4 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

25 mm

EMCDDA GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES PART I

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Chapter 1

Heading 5 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

CHAPTER 1

Executive summary TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

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165 mm

Interior layout The digital GRA is set in a two-column layout, with text justified left, without hyphenation. There are five heading levels,

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including the main chapter title level. Headings should never be placed too close to the bottom of the page (a minimum of two lines of body text must be left under any headline before the end of a page; the optimum is five lines or more). For vertical line construction see page

I EMCDDA publications

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Dusanimil ium reperia poriasi ntibus, conseque vernatat unti rem ipsa vendae santus aribusa ntiam, occus maio. Mincipsunt dipsam aut ut occuscid explibus et ad que re maximag nihilit volorum iumqui dolupta testorest alit oditati ostrum aspidelessim ut doluptature vendus es doluptaque prendant quos aut eat. Equam ut qui que debissum alicae paruntiores eos aligend itatur sende cuptatem explauda commoluptae simet aut pa estiores sam rem qui quaspis videbisquunt rae eum quis explab in eumquam vendion nonsequ aspelisquis explia sequas sit labore sed maios nis mo te quuntem. Mo dunt min conse as dolupta testotat. European Drug Report (EDR) Mo dunt min conse as dolupta testotat 2016 EU Drug Markets Report. Both publications were launched at major press events, in Lisbon and Brussels respectively, in the presence of the European Commissioner for Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship, Dimitris Avramopoulos. Berovid expe niscimodit inctaectotat ullo inus di nihiliae voloratur? Quiae. Maionse cerrum et ab ium rem et qui dignam consero ilis volecea voluptati omnis a dioreris aliquid que eossimuste nonsequat ut idessim porpore cum cum assi ut aboribus audiatiam, consendanda nem harunte eos henimporepti aliqui beaqui doluptatur sectem qui nonse venecab oribus est voluptaspid quiscient odi beruntisim nonsent volupitia demporeiciae et eniminus eume vollest iumque duci sam sit es ducil molorepuda apient voluptatem fuga. Ant dis qui cum fugiam fuga. Nem ut eumque conseris et la eossunt orenda ipsumet.

20 mm

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008–011 of this Technical annex. 25 mm

101.5 mm

25 mm 7 mm

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Headers and pagination | GRA digital version | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | TECHNICAL ANNEX 091

10 mm

10.15 mm

EMCDDA CORE BUSINESS: GENERAL MONITORING REPORT OF AND ACTIVITIES REPORTING PARTONI THE DRUGS PROBLEM IN EUROPE Chapter 2

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For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex. Photo caption

and photo credits ullic to ducita nonseque con nistiur sanda nonsequi ut ad que perit dis elitiorunt.

and photo credits

EMCDDA GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES PART I

CORE BUSINESS: MONITORING AND REPORTING ON THE DRUGS PROBLEM IN EUROPE Chapter 2

photo

Photo caption and photo credits

eribusdame volo voluptatus estrum quati autatium, et ommolum quaspellam

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am fuga. Et mquid quas lor adit et ex

CORE BUSINESS: MONITORING AND REPORTING ON THE DRUGS PR

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EMCDDA GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES Trivia Sans Light, 7.5 pt, grey (R90 / G90 / B90) VERTICAL LINE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 7.5 pt, 160.3% vertical scale, baseline shift -1.582 pt, grey (R90 / G90 / B90) For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

photo

PART Trivia Sans Medium, 7.5 pt, grey (R90 / G90 / B90) CHAPTER NAME Trivia Sans Light, 7.5 pt, grey (R90 / G90 / B90) VERTICAL LINE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 7.5 pt, 160.3% vertical scale, baseline shift -1.582 pt, (colour based on the chapter colour)

CHAPTER No. Trivia Sans Medium, 7.5 pt, grey (R90 / G90 / B90)

(1) Range: EUR 21 to 31 billion

15 / 90

etur, idel inim faciet re natum sum rehentis sequaes molu volute doloreicae proria incitasseque et iducienit que dol aliquo volor aut ipsam, ut alibus quam, quissimet fugitati PAGINATION Ucimusandem abore dolore ent eosam, to consequae. Et Trivia Sans Medium, 9 pt, grey (R90 / G90 / B90 imus ditis descipsa sam aligenditi derem et, cusdant.

At a glance: the EDMR EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 91

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092 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | GRA digital version | Last page and legal notice

LEGAL NOTICE Place the provided file LegalNotice_on-line.indd

EMCDDA GENERAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES

Legal notice: Neither the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) nor any person acting on behalf of the agency is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, year © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, year Reproduction is authorised provided the course is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EMCDDA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

doi: 10.0000/00000 ISBN: 000-00-0000-000-0 ISSN: 0000-0000 Catalogue number: XX-XX-00-000-XX-X This publication is only available in electronic format.

Last page and legal notice

EMCDDA, Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

The last page carries the legal notice.

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INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS A YEAR IN REVIEW

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094 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | A YEAR IN REVIEW | Overview

ISSN 0000-0000

A Year in Review

multi-coloured line Colours: EMCDDA full colour palette Format: 210 × 297 mm (A4) Primary output: Print Layout: Three-column layout Tables: EMCDDA full colour palette (varying percentages) Graphics: EMCDDA full colour palette as required (e.g. maps, figures, infographics)

A Year in Review Highlights from the EMCDDA’s General Report of Activities

Title on two lines

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features, colours and typography of this publication. An Adobe InDesign template is available with all graphic elements to facilitate close observance of the design rules. For more information, see page 3.22.

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2020 I Introduction Am, sincil in conet quis sint di optatem que nobit quiduntorit est fugitae pudios aut voluptat. Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni (1) molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae dolorem poreperum.

Iquis dollo cone numOtae laut ium, quatem fuga. dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust Gent, quam fugit ut vel ilite moluptatem re laut labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem acero omnis. rerum quossus doluptam et errovitam, cuptat Poreperum que ni idelibus acero et harum vidi rerit, sandae quia corem

Name Surname, Position

The following pages describe the layout

The EMCDDA: 2020 figures

I Monitoring the drugs situation Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo. Am, sincil in conet quis sint di optatem que nobit quiduntorit est fugitae pudios aut voluptat. Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust

omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus quuntet dolupiet.

ISSN 0000-0000

Type: Institutional publications,

INSIGHTS

Basic colours EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Blue EMCDDA Green EMCDDA Yellow EMCDDA Turquoise

(1) Available at: emcdda.europa.eu

EMCDDA Red labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo:

‘Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo.’

Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent.(1) Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo. sitatur sam, si berruntibus estiora ereces cor aborehent atium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur?

Basic backgrounds Background Grey

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Blue 20% EMCDDA Green 20% EMCDDA Yellow

Continued on page 2

20% EMCDDA Turquoise

(1) Available at: emcdda.europa.eu

20% EMCDDA Red

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Interior layout | A YEAR IN REVIEW | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | TECHNICAL ANNEX 095

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 8.5 pt / 12 pt, 100% black

HEADING LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Medium, 11 pt / 12 pt, 80% black

FOOTNOTE Trivia Sans Light, 7 pt / 8.4 pt, 100% black FOOTNOTE DIVIDER LINE Weight: 1 pt, width: 16 mm, offset: 1.25, 80% black

CAPTIONS Trivia Sans Light, 7 pt / 9 pt, 100% black

For construction details see page 013 of this annex.

12 mm

4.5 mm 59 mm

59 mm

A YEAR IN REVIEW Highlights from the EMCDDA’s General Report of Activities

10.15 mm

18 mm 28.6 mm

Continued from page 1 Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo. Am, sincil in conet quis sint di optatem que nobit quiduntorit est fugitae pudios aut voluptat. Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium. Dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem de quohe (1). (1) Available at: emcdda.europa.eu

I Working in partnership Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo. Am, sincil in conet quis sint di optatem que nobit quiduntorit est fugitae pudios aut voluptat. Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus(1) acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium. Dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem de quohe Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov

iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo. Am, sincil in conet quis sint di optatem que nobit quiduntorit est fugitae pudios aut voluptat. Otae dolorem poreperum(2) que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem de quohe Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo. Dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Faccab(3) iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem de quohe (1) Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. (2) Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes. (3) Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent.

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I Alerting and anticipating Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo.

Interior layout

(1) Available at: emcdda.europa.eu

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The text of A Year in Review is justified left, without hyphenation, and is set in three columns. There is one heading level in total. Headings should never be placed too close to the bottom of the page (a minimum of two lines of body text must be left under any headline before the end of a page;

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the optimum is five lines or more). I Informing policy Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo. Am, sincil in conet quis sint di optatem que nobit quiduntorit est fugitae pudios aut voluptat. Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes.

Dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem de). Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am, omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic tem quistiorio de quo. Am, sincil in conet quis sint di optatem que nobit quiduntorit est fugitae pudios aut voluptat. Otae dolorem poreperum que ni idelibus acero omnis am,

omnimust labor sum, sam, que dus sendebis rem quosaped moditae que quiaerio. Lautat. Faccab iunt aceprov iderferor minienditae cus, sitatur sam, si berruntibus us, sitatur sam, si berruntibus sitaessitaes estiora ereces cor aborehent. Optia quuntet dolupiet id modigni molupti onsequatium dis autento tatibeaquia ipsapid unditas etus quibusam etur? Lorrovit odic de (1). (1) Available at: emcdda.europa.eu

Graphics and photographs are to be placed next to the relevant textual content, requiring careful layout planning. White spaces may be filled with photographs, graphic motifs or quotations. Quotations may use any of the five colours from the EMCDDA secondary palette. For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS SINGLE PROGRAMMING DOCUMENT (SPD)

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098 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | SPD | Overview

SINGLE PROGRAMMING DOCUMENT ISSN 2443-812X

Programming document 2017–19

Single Programming Document

SINGLE PROGRAMMING DOCUMENT

multi-coloured line Colours: EMCDDA full colour palette Format: 210 × 297 mm (A4) Primary output: Online Layout: Two-column layout Tables: EMCDDA full colour palette (varying percentages) Graphics: EMCDDA full colour palette as required (e.g. maps, figures, infographics)

2017 2018 2019

ISSN 0000-0000

Type: Institutional publications,

Strategy and work programme 2016–18 Annual work programme 2016

Basic colours EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Blue EMCDDA Green EMCDDA Yellow EMCDDA Turquoise

The following pages describe the layout

EMCDDA Red

features, colours and typography of this publication. An Adobe InDesign template is available with all graphic elements to facilitate close observance of the design rules.

2016 2017 2018

Basic backgrounds Background Grey

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA selected colour 40% EMCDDA selected colour

For more information, see page 3.23.

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SECTION II

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PROGRAMMING DOCUMENT 2017–19

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I 1.

SECTION I

General context

Continuity and change: building on the 2016–18 strategy and work programme, towards a more integrated programming approach

This is the first EMCDDA Single Programming Document (SPD) and it covers the period 2017–19. The document presents, for the first time under one umbrella, the agency’s integrated multiannual strategic planning perspective. It links the core components of the planning process, namely the operational planning and the planning of resources (human and financial), within one common programming framework. In compliance with the new timeline defined by the EMCDDA’s Financial Regulation, the drafting of the SPD was carried out in parallel with the finalisation of the new three-year strategy and work programme (SWP) for 2016–18, which was adopted by the Management Board in December 2015. Therefore, the SPD is very much grounded in the SWP; it capitalises on its core principles, which allow the EMCDDA to build further blocks towards accomplishing its ambitious vision to contribute to a more secure and healthier Europe. It also follows the same structure (which has been adjusted to comply with the template imposed by the EC on the agencies) and a similar intervention logic.

Meeting the growing needs and expectations of key stakeholders and partners

The EMCDDA has always been in close contact with its key stakeholders and partners, especially with the EU institutions and the Member States, in particular with the Reitox network, but also with other EU agencies, international organisations active in the field of drugs and relevant third countries. This has allowed the agency to create and maximise synergies, to drive the exchange of knowledge on the drugs situation in Europe and to contribute to global developments. Another benefit of pursuing a close collaborative approach is to be able to better understand the needs and expectations of our key stakeholders and partners. We conducted an extensive external consultation exercise, which involved the Member States, the agency’s Scientific Committee, EU bodies, international organisations and third countries, and the general public, prior to the preparation of the 2016–18 SWP, on which this document is based.

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Furthermore, when drafting this SPD, we have taken into account the recommendations formulated by the EC and the Scientific Committee through their formal opinions on the 2016–18 SWP. Further consultation of key stakeholders took place in 2016, when the EMCDDA was preparing its long-term strategy to 2025. One of the key priorities of the new strategy will be to serve the needs of the EMCDDA’s primary stakeholders, which are the EU institutions, the national decision-/ policymakers in the Member States and the professionals working in the drugs field.

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Multiannual objectives

Strategic objective

KA 1: Communicating evidence and knowledge exchange

Serve as European central reference point for drug-related information and analysis, and by quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri verum and action doing so provide policy and practice with better evidence for decision-making

KA 2: Early warning and threat assessment

Support rapid EU response to new threats by providing EU institutions and Member States with prompt and scientifically sound information for action on new psychoactive substances and emerging drug trends

KA 3: Situation, responses and trend analysis

Provide a holistic picture of the drugs phenomenon, through an integrated and coherent core monitoring system

CCA A: Information collection and management

Maintain the EMCDDA data collection and reporting system and ensure its validity, consistency, reliability and timeliness, including through the efficient management of, and support to, the Reitox network of NFPs

CCA B: Quality assurance

Ensure that the EMCDDA’s tools, processes and outputs remain of high quality and fit for purpose through a process of continuous improvement and evaluation of efforts

CCA C: Cooperation with partners

Enhance the EMCDDA’s strategic understanding of the drugs phenomenon, by maintaining and further developing our strong partnership with key players at European and global levels, as well as continuing our successful knowledge exchange with EU priority third countries and regional programmes. Ultimately, this will result in high-quality services (information and analysis) provided to EU and Member States stakeholders (see KA 1)

Interior layout

Corporate area Governance

Function as a modern, efficient and forward-looking EU administration, which is committed to providing high-quality services to its stakeholders and to the EU’s citizens in general; in achieving this, the agency will be guided by good governance, steered by sound management and leadership and operated by a highly motivated and well-performing workforce

The text of the Single Programming

Corporate area Administration and ICT

Ensure sound allocation and management of financial and human resources and assets, and management of the ICT services and infrastructure, by further rationalising and automating relevant processes, enhancing efficiency and synergies, and developing the quality of services and support

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Key areas

This capacity for impartial scientific expertise provides additional value to the future work of the EC, especially to the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME), the partner DG of the EMCDDA, to the DirectorateGeneral for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTÉ) and to the Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations (DG NEAR). Furthermore, by scaling up partnerships with other agencies and institutions, the EMCDDA’s proven technical and analytical capacity can deliver new opportunities for European policy and interventions.

These three areas are the pillars of the EMCDDA’s information and analysis chain.

In 2017–19, the EMCDDA will enhance its contribution to a more secure and healthier Europe, taking advantage of its evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach. It will do this by being more proactive and giving greater emphasis to knowledge transfer, strategic analysis and threat assessment.

However, these outputs are just the end result visible to our audiences and are derived from complex monitoring and analysis processes, which our highly specialised staff perform on a daily basis. These critical processes are presented in the other two key areas.

In terms of security, the agency will fulfil the obligations arising from the EU Agenda on Security 2015–20. The EMCDDA will contribute its information and analysis to tackling the three priorities set up by the policy document, namely terrorism,

Early warning and threat assessment (KA 2) includes the rapid monitoring component of the EMCDDA’s overall monitoring system. It is composed of two main parts: the EWS and the risk assessment of NPS; and emerging trends and threats.

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Area

Responding to EU needs in 2017–19

For more than 20 years now, the EMCDDA has demonstrated its ability to act as a catalyst for data collection and strategic analysis in a complex policy area that cuts across crime, health and security issues, both within European countries and in the international context. The agency is seen as a credible partner by the European institutions, national policymakers and experts working in its technical areas, and it is an internationally recognised centre of excellence.

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The first area, communicating evidence and knowledge exchange (KA 1), incorporates the key outputs (products and services) that the EMCDDA will provide to its customers (audiences) during 2017–19. This area also includes capacity building and training activities, which are an integral part of the knowledge transfer that the agency instigates each year for the benefit of its customers: stakeholders and partners, as well as other audiences (such as academia and professionals).

Both of these rapid-response components detect new trends in the drugs phenomenon, assess the threats and issue alerts in a timely manner. Because of the very dynamic nature of these emerging trends and their threats to EU citizens, routine monitoring is not sufficient to capture, analyse and report on them quickly. Special rapid-response mechanisms are necessary and they are all included in this key area. Situation, responses and trend analysis (KA 3) encompasses the core monitoring and analysis activities of the EMCDDA, which provide an annual state-of-the-art overview of drug demand and supply, together with the responses to tackle them and the core trends in these domains. These activities are based on established tools and processes. Which are regularly assessed to ensure that they are fit for purpose. These tools are complemented by the development of new ones that allow the monitoring of novel areas, as necessary. Together, these methodological activities ensure the relevance and efficiency of the EMCDDA’s core monitoring system. Moreover, it is of utmost importance that this system provide valid, reliable and accurate information, to inform sound decisions for policy and practice. The first cross-cutting area (CCA A), information collection and management, 15 / 86

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Document is justified left, without hyphenation, and is set in two columns. There are six heading levels in total. Headings should never be placed too close to the bottom of the page (a minimum of two lines of body text must be left under any headline before the end of a page; the optimum is five lines or more). The beginnings of chapters are 87 / 86

distinguished by coloured headers, each chapter being in a different colour. For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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100 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | SPD | Headers and pagination and last page 12 mm

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PROGRAMMING DOCUMENT 2017–19 I

PROGRAMMING DOCUMENT 2017–19

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countries (PCC) and countries of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) area. In 2017, the agency will complete the implementation of the fifth Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) project with seven beneficiary CC and PCC, which started in 2015. The sixth IPA, with the Western Balkans, may also start in 2017. Further to the successful completion of the first ENP project for seven beneficiary countries in 2016, the agency submitted to the EC a proposal to continue to provide technical assistance activities with ENP countries. The agency brings to these countries the EU’s balanced approach to and knowledge about drug monitoring, which supports the improvement of national data, in line with EU standards and for later integration into EMCDDA analyses.

Activity in the prevention area will be further developed in 2017–19. This is an important task for the agency, as it allows the identification and promotion of factors that can potentially reduce drug uptake at an early stage, or at least reduce its intensification or prevent escalation into high-risk drug use. In addition to helping diminish other societal costs, there is an obvious link between drug prevention and crime prevention. With this in mind, we will pilot and gradually implement a training programme for professionals jointly with partners and we will collect new evidence on effective prevention practice and disseminate it through the EMCDDA’s Best practice portal (BPP). We will also produce further analysis of contextual, cultural and systemic determinants of implementing drug prevention.

Activity in the prevention area will be further developed in countries (PCC) and countries of the European 2017–19. This is an important task for the agency, as it allows Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) area. In 2017, the agency will the identification and promotion of factors that can potentially complete the implementation of the fifth Instrument for reduce drug uptake at an early stage, or at least reduce its Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) project with seven beneficiary intensification or prevent escalation into high-risk drug use. In CC and PCC, which started in 2015. The sixth IPA, with the LAST PAGE addition to helping diminish other societal costs, there is an Western Balkans, may also start in 2017. Further to the For construction details see page 124 obvious link between drug prevention and crime prevention. successful completion of the first ENP project for seven the framework of the recently adopted Council These activities, together with data collected from other With this in mind, we will pilot and gradually implement beneficiary countries in 2016, the agency submittedWithin to the EC conclusions on the implementation of the EU Action Plan (AP) international partners, help improve our global understanding on Drugs 2013–16 regarding minimum quality standards in of the drugs phenomenon, which translates into a more a training programme for professionals jointly with a proposal to continue to provide technical assistance I partners drug demand reduction in the EU (CORDROGUE 70 (SAN complete perspective for our EU stakeholders, providing them 279)), the EMCDDA will refine its approach to gathering with a better capacity to react and even anticipate — and we will collect new evidence on effective prevention activities with ENP countries. Thto — e agency brings to these evidence on effective interventions in the Member States, and external threats. it will promote this evidence practice to support EU decision-making. and disseminate it through the EMCDDA’s Best countries the EU’s balanced approach to and knowledge So the EMCDDA, with the help of its partners, will make practice portal (BPP). We will also produce further analysis of about drug monitoring, whichtosupports improvement Moreover,of the agency will launch a new strategic analysis, the a significant contribution the security of EUthe citizens over European Drug Responses Report. This report, the first edition the next few years. However, fulfilling the agency’s vision for contextual, cultural and systemic determinants of national data, in2017–19 line also with EU standards and for later of which will be published in 2017, aims to provide a state-ofmeans contributing to their health. the-art overview of the responses to drug use across the EU implementing drug prevention. integration intoToEMCDDA analyses. and their effectiveness as well as recommendations for action. this end, the agency will continue the successful PROGRAMMING DOCUMENT 2017–19

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collaboration with its partners, in particular with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Consumer, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency (CHAFEA), in the prevention of infectious diseases among people who inject drugs (PWID), with a major focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C, which remain important public health concerns with a significant burden on the life of individuals and society overall. We have planned some new initiatives (joint events and publications) including the co-organisation of two major events in 2017, on hepatitis C and on prison, with the ECDC and the WHO respectively.

It will serve as the ‘companion’ to the European Drug Markets Report. Together with the annual European Drug Report, these two reports will provide the complete picture of the drugs phenomenon and comprise the essential information and analysis package for policymakers from the EU and beyond (see Key area 1). The second edition of the Responses Report will be drafted in 2019, for publication in 2020.

Within the framework of the recently adopted Council These activities, together with data collected from other conclusions on the implementation of the EU Action Plan (AP) international partners, help improve our global understanding on Drugs 2013–16 regarding minimum quality standards in of the drugs phenomenon, which translates into a more Headers and pagination drug demand reduction in the EU (CORDROGUE 70 (SAN complete perspective for our EU stakeholders, providing them NPS pose one of the most rapidly growing threats for the health and security of EU citizens (see Key area 2). Since 279)), the EMCDDA will refine its approach to gathering with a better capacity to react to — and even anticipate — 1997, the EMCDDA has played a central role in Europe’s The headers and pagination of this response to NPS. Its main responsibilities in this areective to evidence onfieldeff interventions in the Member States, and external threats. operate the EU Early Warning System (EWS), with our partner series are consistent with those for Europol, and to undertake risk of new Furthermore, in recent years the EMCDDA has strengthened itassessments will promote this evidence to support EU decision-making. substances when necessary. The EWS works by collecting its capacity to react promptly to emerging threats and provide information on the appearance and spread of new substances its expert advice. assessment missions carried out jointly So the EMCDDA, with theThehelp of its partners, will make online publications. from the 30 national early warning systems reporting to the with the ECDC to support Member States are probably the Moreover, agency will launch a new strategic analysis, the a significant contribution to the security of EU citizens over EMCDDA and then monitoring them for signals the of harm, best example in this area. These activities will continue in allowing the EU to respond rapidly to emerging threats. In the 2017–19 as part of the overall EMCDDA strategy to scale up European Drug the next few years. However, fulfi lling the agency’s vision for past few years, the importance of this work has grown Responses Report. This report, the first edition the early warning and threat assessment component of its Last page and legal notice a dramatic increase in the number, type and work (see Key area 2). of which will be published in 2017, aims to provide a state-of2017–19 also means contributing to their health. following availability of NPS in Europe. We will also pursue collaboration with other partners with the-art overview of the responses to drug use across the EU In 2017, it is expected that the new proposed legislation a view to enhancing the measurement of, understanding of The last pages of this series are consistent with (Regulation of the European and Parliament and ofeff the ectiveness Council responses to drug-related deaths, which the lives of their as well as recommendations for laction.l To this end, theand agency will continue theclaim successful l amending Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 as regards thousands of people every year. those for online publications. The last page collaboration with It willsystem serve as the ‘companion’ to the European Drug Markets exchange, early warning and risk its partners, in particular with the information European l l l Report. Together with the annual European Drug Report, carries the legal notice and may also includeCentre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the World 10 / 86 7 mm these two reports will provide the complete picture of the Health Organization (WHO) and the Consumer, Health, acknowledgements and related publications. drugs phenomenon and comprise the essential information Agriculture and Food Executive Agency (CHAFEA), in the 12 mm and analysis package for policymakers from the EU and prevention of infectious diseases among people who inject beyond (see Key area 1). The second edition of the Responses drugs (PWID), with a major focus on human immunodeficiency Report will be drafted in 2019, for publication in 2020. virus (HIV) and hepatitis C, which remain important public health concerns with a significant burden on the life of NPS pose one of the most rapidly growing threats for the individuals and society overall. We have planned some new EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 100

This publication is only available in electronic format.

EMCDDA, Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

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INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS ANNUAL BUDGET AND ACCOUNTS

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102 TECHNICAL ANNEX | INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS | ANNUAL BUDGET AND ACCOUNTS | Overview

Annual Accounts

ISSN 0000-0000

Type: Institutional publications,

ISSN 0000-0000

Annual Budget and Annual Accounts

Annual Budget

multi-coloured line Colours: EMCDDA full colour palette Format: 210 × 297 mm (A4) Primary output: Online Layout: For these publications only a cover design exists. If printed in future, the inside layout should follow that of the General Report of Activities. An Adobe InDesign template is available of the covers.

2020

For more information see page 3.24.

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SERIES INSIGHTS

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104 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | INSIGHTS | Overview

Insights INSIGHTS

EN ISSN 0000-0000

Type: Series, Insights, Yellow line Colours: EMCDDA primary colours plus secondary colour EMCDDA Yellow Format: 210 × 297 mm (A4) Primary output: Print Layout: Two-column layout Tables: EMCDDA Yellow (varying percentages) + 12% black Graphics: Predominantly EMCDDA Yellow + full colour palette as required (e. g. maps, figures, infographics)

Title on two lines

Basic colours

Iquis dollo cone num laut ium, quatem fuga. Gent, quam fugit ut vel ilite moluptatem re laut rerum quossus doluptam et errovitam, cuptat et harum vidi rerit, sandae quia corem

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Yellow

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Yellow

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 104

Basic backgrounds

Background Grey

40% EMCDDA Yellow

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Front cover specifications | INSIGHTS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 105 17 mm 3.5 mm 16 mm, for perfect binding

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

14 mm

21 mm

3.5 mm

24.5 mm

INSIGHTS

Trivia Sans Medium, 19 pt, white, horizontally centred in yellow box

EN ISSN 0000-0000

24.5 mm

Title on two lines

Trivia Sans Book, 10.5 pt, 55% black 4.5 mm

MAIN TITLE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt Leading 110% font size optical kerning, 95% black

Iquis dollo cone num laut ium, quatem fuga. Gent, quam fugit ut vel ilite moluptatem re laut rerum quossus doluptam et errovitam, cuptat et harum vidi rerit, sandae quia corem

Larger letters in the title are better, respecting designated space for title. See next page for details

SUBTITLE Trivia Sans Book, 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black TITLE AREA – right edge of the area for the title 80% page width

80%

Front cover specifications ISSUE NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 150 pt, publication colour 14 mm

This page shows the placement of the various elements on the front cover of an Insights (printed publication), along with detailed measurements and font specifications.

14 mm

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106 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | INSIGHTS | Publication title construction

E X

PUBLICATION TITLE TYPOGRAPHY

Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt, 95% black.

PublicationE titlep 20.2 mm

Publication title construction The title should be as large as possible within the designated title area and should not exceed four lines.

Iquis dollo cone num laut ium, quatem fuga. Gent, quam fugit ut vel ilite moluptatem re laut rerum quossus doluptam et errovitam, cuptat et harum vidi rerit, sandae quia corem

The vertical line must be constructed exactly as shown here. The font must not be distorted. The letter spacing must be set at a ratio of -10 / +10,

Trivia Sans Book 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black

optical kerning.

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Back cover and spine | INSIGHTS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 107 12 mm

centred on spine width

logo width 18 mm

0 mm

The ‘About this publication’ title sits on a white line and the rest of the text flows freely. INSIGHTS

XX-XX-00-000-00-0

27 mm

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

59.5 mm PUBLICATION TITLE

+8.75 mm

About this publication

Publication subtitle (shortened)

About the EMCDDA Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt. Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur sitatetur aut abo. Et faccus perchiligeni con et pressedit omnit haristotat. Consed quunt, ea paruptat rerumqui omniendis dem doluptatio consecerume rerum, culluptatem ullorro beat. Equistrunt doluptaquos esequam ressi desto eos at re conesequam ipitati a vernam ut quaturio. Udi officiis as aut voluptam acitem. Ut laute pro destis quia plam aliasperi Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt.

Trivia Sans Medium, 11 pt / 13 pt, 100% black Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

Back cover The exact placement of the elements on the back cover is specified here (printed publication). The multilingual logo is used here against a white background. The titles ‘About this publication’ and ‘About the EMCDDA’ are placed against the grey-lined background. Spine The minimum width of the spine is 4 mm. The spine carries the publication title and the subtitle. If the subtitle is too long to fit, it may be abbreviated by EMCDDA staff or simply omitted. In cases where the spine

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

is wide (12 mm or more), the publication title and the subtitle may be placed on two lines if required.

30 mm

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 107

12.5 mm

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108 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | INSIGHTS | Title page and inside covers 20 mm

21 mm

14 mm

35 mm

logo height 21 mm

GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU

In person All over the European Union there are hundreds of Europe

60 mm

Direct information centres. You can find the address of the

190 mm

centre nearest you at: http://europa.eu/contact

On the phone or by e-mail Europe Direct is a service that answers your questions about the European Union. You can contact this service

84 mm

INSIGHTS

• by freephone: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (certain operators may charge for these calls) • at the following standard number: +32 22999696 or

Publication title

• by electronic mail via: http://europa.eu/contact

FINDING INFORMATION ABOUT THE EU

Online Information about the European Union in all the official languages of the EU is available on the Europa website at: http://europa.eu

EU publications You can download or order free and priced EU publications from EU Bookshop at: http://bookshop.europa.eu.

Iquis dollo cone num laut ium, quatem fuga. Gent, quam fugit ut vel ilite moluptatem re laut rerum quossus doluptam et errovitam, cuptat et harum vidi rerit, sandae quia corem

Multiple copies of free publications may be obtained by contacting Europe Direct or your local information centre (see http://europa.eu/contact)

EU law and related documents For access to legal information from the EU, including all EU law since 1951 in all the official language versions, go to EUR-Lex at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu

max. 244 mm from top

The title on the title page is constructed in the same way as on the front cover, scaled to fit inside the column area as shown. The subtitle is always set at 16 pt / 20 pt

INSIGHTS Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt

Title page

PUBLICATION TITLE Scaled constraining proportions from cover page to fit into the designated area, 40% black.

and 18 mm below the main title.

INSIGHTS

E Publication E titlep

TABLE ‘GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU’ Place the provided file Getting in touch and Legal Notice.indd

18 mm

Inside covers The inside covers are Background Grey (8% black). The inside back cover carries additional information on ‘Getting in touch with the EU’.

Iquis dollo cone num laut ium, quatem fuga. Gent, quam fugit ut vel ilite moluptatem re laut rerum quossus doluptam et errovitam, cuptat et harum vidi rerit, sandae quia corem Authors Name Surname, affiliation; Name Surname, affiliation; Name Surname, affiliation; Name Surname, affiliation. EMCDDA project group Name Surname, Name Surname, Name Surname.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 108

Trivia Sans Book, 16 pt / 20 pt, 80% black

Trivia Sans Medium, 13 pt / 15 pt, 80% black Trivia Sans Book, 13 pt / 15 pt, 80% black Empty line, 13 pt / 15 pt

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Legal notice and contents pages | INSIGHTS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 109 LEGAL NOTICE Place the provided file Getting in touch and Legal Notice.indd

20 mm

130 mm

60 mm

20 mm

CONTENTS HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 15 pt, 80% black

30 mm

I Contents

Foreword

Introduction

CHAPTER 1

Gendunt isquam volenis iuntinvendam

Lorem ipsum

247 mm

Credits for photos: source

For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EMCDDA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/00000

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

PDF

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/000000

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

EPUB

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/000000

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

HTML

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/000000

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (year), publication title, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

Heading 2nd CHAPTER 2

Metur sumetur 15

Gendunt isquam volenis iuntinvendam

Heading 1st

CHAPTER 3

Doluptatem in eaquo

Heading 1st

PAGE NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 14 pt, 80% black CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 14 pt, 80% black CHAPTER TITLE Trivia Sans Book, 12 pt / 14 pt, 80% black CHAPTER CONTENTS Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 9 pt / 14 pt, 80% black

Eneceati cusae occus

CHAPTER 4

Gendunt isquam volenis iuntinvendam

Heading 1st

Itatur sed ent occus

Legal notice and contents pages The legal notice and content pages are Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

20 mm

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 109

fixed layouts in EMCDDA publications. For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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110 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | INSIGHTS | Divider page and front matter

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

I Foreword Divider page The grey-lined background is used as the background for the divider page before the foreword and may carry a quotation. In some cases, the contents may extend onto this page, in which case the page retains a white background. Foreword The foreword should follow a standard, single-column text layout. Should a photo be required, it should preferably be in portrait format and appear close to the top or to the bottom of the page (suggested dimensions: width 20–35 mm;

Abor recullupta dolorum atis et aut pa num aut autasperfera natibusdaere opta volor apic totatis idellese nest, omnis aperecati ratiaspienet dolor assunt venest odit vollant emporum ne que venda prae sundant ibusam illuptur? Quia estia voluptae sapiendae plam labo. Eligenditias ut volorio nsequia dolupisque laccusam, nesectiur aut velique ipsapellab ium sit, occae vendandio. Iquiduntis simus molo volupta velecto cus, si ium intur sum re que ad quiae volesti busaped et mi, nost invernatqui aut utem faceatur? Qui ipiention evenimus et laut porumquia nulpa necata nes voluptae raes core quiatem quat mincimus apera nobit volupta tatiumquam, te quia ea porporrori doloribus. Icia aliam, ommossequi autem nonsectatur, to moluptas aute nonsequ asperchil et ma is mil illitio nsenectur, sunto conest ex estrum ea volut omni omnisimpore velis alisquam, omnimin ctibus re nusciento quos dolorem aut voluptatur, quis quidebis eic tem quo cone sitinis aut aut aut fuga. Dandaerfere nate pliatem estempo ssuntor poreratibus, anis ducita eos qui unt poreribus es sint labo. Otatibustrum et atur, cuscipi cimaio quo mo illantibus. Feremquo ea se cullest iaecabo. Ut quatur, sandit lab il iliqui as aligenime dolupta tiamus, simus et dipsund ersped enimolu ptatur, ut ario odisimp elitaturem. Disciis cimoloraes nonserspid ut etur, apeles estio temquiam, que nos sitam et ium, ut que autas nobit, expland ernatis aut imos doluptat alianteturi con natibus non plibus explis quiduciantis modis am, quiam int occaborest verum inullab orepero corepro riaspis inihil ium, sitatib usapid exerum fugita que con nustiat aspidebisto explab inum essequam faceste stibus. Borrovit eatem nonsers peliquate voluptatibea dolorumquam, quuntib ustempor mos si tem eatecus cillaccum quiatusapis eum fugitem consedion net aut harum, con nonsectem faccusa que vit expero toreium qui tem fuga. Te et magnimaxim velis aspicid eleculpa quiandam, ipsus niam dis evendis tiorectia volo vel ipsam exceped quo il ipsum fuga. Rionseq uibusda nihilis core, intio. Adis a plibust, sincitio maiorum ulles pelent ea natem facearum quos est eossedi dent, is et essimpo stiatem sunt. Optis dolenimus. Te volorion prehenis sitiis raeprov itatess imilicaborit et escipsam qui ab ius earum qui dolupta tioreptate ipsum reritento este inti sit derum anditis intium, sedi blaboriae. Et moloribus num reribus. Vitae officti ad quo con rest delecus arum voloribus vel int as dolupta dolenimil idem sit, sin consequ iducitio te enis se et ipsam quo corit, temquia as re sit dolut doluptat qui ut re corions equatur, te pliae ad moluptatur autata nonsequi doloriorum si conem etur? Quiande liberup tatiumque parum quissunt ipienisimus doloreris int, aut hitatur mos eos et velitiatem intor at in nesendipis ut prae plit fugit et as mollupt iuriae. Tincti consed mos molesed que volorecto officia que abo. Ro ilignis num, qui doloremqui diae pliquibus. Name Surname Director, EMCDDA

height: 30–45 mm). A preface or executive summary would follow the same design as the foreword. For vertical line construction see page

008–011 of this Technical annex.

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Divider page and front matter | INSIGHTS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 111

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

I Acknowledgements The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their help in producing this report:

I the heads of the Reitox national focal points and their staff; I the services and experts within each Member State that collected the raw data for this report;

Divider page

I the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Europol;

I the Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe, the United Nations Office on Drugs and I

Crime, the WHO Regional Office for Europe, Interpol, the World Customs Organisation, the European school survey project on alcohol and other drugs (ESPAD) and the Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and other Drugs (CAN); the Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union, Missing Element Designers and Composiciones Rali.

The grey-lined background is used as the background for the divider page before the acknowledgments and may carry a quotation. In some cases, the contents may extend onto this page, in which case the page retains a white background. Acknowledgements Acknowledgments have a fixed layout in this series. New content should be introduced into the existing design without changing the overall look or adding new graphic motifs or typographical styles. For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex. 7

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112 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | INSIGHTS | Part divider and part title pages PART NUMBER Trivia Slab Book 349.5 pt, white, 40 mm from left edge. Number sits on a light line.

11 mm

30.2 mm

Part divider and part title pages 86.3 mm

Each part of the Insights starts with special pages, containing the part title and contents of the part chapters. Each part has a designated colour, which is introduced in the part divider page and corresponds with the contents pages.

LINED BACKGROUND For lined background construction see page 005.

PART Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt / 32 pt, 80% black

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 14.5 pt / 19 pt, 80% black

PART HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 28 pt / 34 pt, publication colour

CHAPTER NAME Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 15.5 pt / 19 pt, 80% black

40 mm

PART I

Tempos pe aut untiorro que necusdam que voluptae sincti berum

The colour is then dominant throughout the whole part. The left page contains the line background in the part colour, with the part number appearing in roman numerals. It is set at a large scale (347.46 pt) and is placed as shown here. A vertical stripe in the chapter colour at the height of the number (86.3 mm) is placed bleeding off the page left.

CHAPTER 1

Ad ut facculparum eos dolupta turianto omnis quas nobitium incid untinim quam harum nihitae cuptata tatus CHAPTER 2

The right page contains the part number

Is as sin consed exerfer umquassimin coriscia por aut de evenest magnatatius

and title and the contents of the part, with all text justified right.

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Chapter divider and chapter title pages | INSIGHTS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 113 CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 223 pt, EMCDDA Yellow

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

AUTHORS Trivia Sans Light, 15 pt / 17 pt, 100% black

CHAPTER HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 28 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

The space before Authors is 13 pt

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

85 mm

30 mm

CHAPTER 1

Sam etquia dentia pratetsi sandae conse nihilias ullaunde volupti atempedit unt quunt

For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

Name Surname, Name Surname

I Introduction Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt. Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur sitatetur aut abo. Et faccus perchiligeni con et pressedit omnit haristotat. Consed quunt, ea paruptat rerumqui omniendis dem doluptatio consecerume rerum, culluptatem ullorro beat. Equistrunt doluptaquos esequam ressi desto eos at re conesequam ipitati a vernam ut quaturio. Udi officiis as aut voluptam acitem. Ut laute pro destis quia plam aliasperi At the core of this definition lies the notion of speaking out foOlessus, que si odit entur aut aut ommodis inctoratia es dolor sequae es rerae poris vellecabo. Cia quia isque eaque pella qui diciis prorepere estis eatatio. Min rectur maioria velis am voluptaque esto am nonest est, quam facerciis unt mo consequi blam hictent etur si rernam audae mos non parumquiatem quatiam voluptatqui qui cum fugias estibea quia quibus vel idustiorro mi, omni ut facipis di dolupitint moditate dunt(1).

Cepudit estiorit laborition ped molo quis aut rem

Obis provid moluptae. Berspie nectur mo identio. Min pero mintiis aut volorro illiqui quat et aritate volorem nos et endiassit, sum hiliam, ommolora cus reptis assequi busdae verro et perchilitati conse rehenducim apiet quis ea et officil magnis qui voluptat quossunt et, to eatusa nonsecus aut qui qui si inciate mporemperum explitatibus explign impedit fuga. (1) Olessus, que si odit entur aut aut ommodis inctoratia es dolor sequae es rerae poris vellecabo. Cia quia isque eaque pella qui diciis prorepere estis eatatio. Min rectur maioria velis am voluptaque esto am nonest est, quam facerciis unt mo consequi blam hictent etur si rernam audae mos non parumquiatem quatiam voluptatqui qui cum fugias estibea quia quibus vel idustiorro mi, omni ut facipis di dolupitint moditate dunt busdae verro et perchilitati conse rehenducim apiet quis ea et officil magnis qui voluptat quos. Nam nonserum inci in pedit od ulparum in cum id quamusd aestia corrovi tatiis eos ex et quaturis verum quatumet accabori dolorae.

20 mm

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 113

CHAPTER NUMBER PLACEMENT Number sits on a white line.

min 10 mm (first closest line of the regular text on the baseline grid)

Chapter divider and chapter title pages

The beginning of each chapter starts with special pages, which are consistent throughout the series.

Lesed et aut facest eosamet explatior sed quiam quissit odita as iliquia cus molore con corupta tendus mo eatur, nisinum et idit laccus eriberissit, omnimin ihillore serest, aut eum ad eum lamus magnistiant elligent enem acius imet inctota volorernati voloreped qui blabore molut escia perro magnatet eum excescid quo volo verenia tumquo beate expelitatem fugiaep udandus et qui venimusdae plant.

The left divider page features the grey-lined background with the chapter number placed in EMCDDA Yellow, as specified here.

Ovit invenduntur? Nam nonserum inci in pedit od ulparum in cum id quamusd aestia corrovi tatiis eos ex et quaturis verum quatumet accabori dolorae poribusame ped mo in errum hillit ipsant ero doluptatiae neste lab int. Dunt veroria dion adis quisime vel eatur? secturent ipsunt am as et landust, omnist aut es dolupta quat.

The right page contains the chapter number and title, followed by the body text in a two11

column layout. The chapter number and title are justified left and span both columns.

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114 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | INSIGHTS | Chapter divider with contents and chapter title page FOOTNOTE Trivia Sans Light, 7 pt / 8.4 pt, 100% black FOOTNOTE DIVIDER LINE Weight: 1 pt, width: 16 mm, offset: 1.25, 80% black For construction details see page 013 of

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 224 pt, EMCDDA Yellow (the bottom of number sits on the grey field, exactly 85.35 mm from top).

CHAPTER CONTENTS HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 15 pt, 65% black

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt / 30 pt, 80% black CHAPTER HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 28 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

AUTHORS / PROJECT GROUP HEADING Trivia Sans Medium, 13 pt / 15 pt, 80% black The space before Authors / Project group heading is 13 pt AUTHORS / PROJECT GROUP TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 13 pt / 15 pt, 80% black

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

85.35 mm

PAGE NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 14 pt, 80% black CHAPTER CONTENTS Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 9 pt / 14 pt, 80% black

I Contents

Fernam quuntis none mi, offic to omnienist

Fernam quuntiso omnienist

Fernam quuntis nonenist

Chapter divider page with contents

Fernam quuntis none o omnienist

and chapter title page

Ferntis none mi, mnienist

Fernam none mi, offic to omnienist

Fernam quuntis nto omnienist

Fernam quuffic to omnienist

Fernam quuntis none

The divider page can sometimes be adapted to contain a separate table of contents relating to the chapter. In such cases, the text is placed on a plain grey field with the grey-lined background occupying only the top space of the chapter with the number. This page shows the placement of the contents, aligning the vertical yellow lines

30 mm x

CHAPTER 1

Sam etquia dentia pratetsi sandae conse nihilias ullaunde volupti atempedit unt quunt turercima quam remporep x

30 pt

Authors Name Surname, affiliation; Name Surname, affiliation; Name Surname, affiliation; Name Surname, affiliation; Name Surname, affiliation. EMCDDA project group Name Surname, Name Surname, Name Surname, Name Surname, Npame Surname.

I Introduction

Quiberspedi omnis autem nullo exceser ciminum, velestrume nulpari busant. Icimo del ipsuntios delibus nus voluptat rectatium etur, acercie ndicit fugit molestint qui utem excea veles re, utecaernamus dolore et perorio nectus solut eostis explantem recerum quod exerero idundel modipsunt eossi doluptat quidend uciderciam, officil molorendi ut et quias es ma quo experchite laborporpor seceperit, tem. Non repel experferum doluptintem ni acearum natis eosa sim quis asincto in nonsequo berrum fugit opta none plitati busandis imaximetur?

(1) Olessus, que si odit entur aut aut ommodis inctoratia es dolor sequae es rerae poris vellecabo. Cia quia isque eaque pella qui diciis prorepere estis eatatio. Min rectur maioria velis am voluptaque esto am nonest est, quam facerciis unt mo consequi blam hictent etur si rernam audae mos non parumquiatem quatiam voluptatqui qui cum fugias estibea quia quibus vel idustiorro mi, omni ut facipis di dolupitint moditate dunt busdae verro et perchilitati conse rehenducim apiet quis ea et officil magnis qui voluptat quos. Nam nonserum inci in pedit od ulparum in cum id quamusd aestia corrovi tatiis eos ex et quaturis verum quatumet accabori dolorae.

Cepudit estiorit laborition ped molo quis aut rem

Quia comnistrum soluptatum

Ratum endit ipsam Vene sequaes eum quunte moluptate doloruptatur mi, cupient, non necturi quibus molore elesciet aut ommolor umquisc iatus, simus nulpa sam, commolor mo ilibus,

with the centre of the chapter number.

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Interior layout | INSIGHTS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 115 inside 21 mm

84.5 mm

gutter 7 mm

outside 13 mm

84.5 mm

Chapter 1 Chapter name

30 mm

I Natus vendeseria velia voluptat. I

Interior layout

CHAPTER 1

Elluptaest, volorem et quos inctius.

Heading 1 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae voluptur, voloreri verum

I Heading 2 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore I

20 mm

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 115

0 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Most graphics flow with the text and, if small, are placed within one column. They can also be placed across a two-column space, always

Heading 5 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

There will be cases when larger graphics

Heading 6 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

need to be placed next to specific textual and the layout needs to be planned carefully.

2005

Graphics

content. This is not always easy to achieve

2004

layout dominates.

at the top or bottom of the page.

FIGURE 1 DSM-IV criteria symptoms(5)

2003

and two-column layouts, the two-column

Heading 4 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

Heading 3 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

Although these publications combine one-

2012

Source: Assessing the health risks, harms and addiction liability among recreational cathinone (mephedrone) users study, Winstock, A. and Marsden, J., 2010.

CHAPTER NUMBER LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

Text

CHAPTER NAME / HEADING LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 28 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

The text is always justified left, without

HEADING LEVEL 2 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 15 pt, 65% black

possible, including the main chapter title.

HEADING LEVEL 3 Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

to the bottom of the column (a minimum

HEADING LEVEL 4 Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

any headline before the end of a column;

HEADING LEVEL 5 Trivia Sans Medium, 9.5 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

(5) Us prehendunt ent pore volore, arcillo rerescidunt autem.

HEADING LEVEL 6 Trivia Sans Book Italic, 9 pt / 13 pt, 65% black

hyphenation. Six levels of heading are Headings should never be placed too close of two lines of body text must be left under the optimum is five lines or more). For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

18/06/2018 17:05

eatur acerrovitat. ndi cuptaquo int endissequam fugiae conecta dolo est rempori voloria spedicabore prae quatur aut reicipist latem qui tecto vidipis ut unt am aut vendeniae dite con rectat velitatem volorempe volorior aut qui rerspe eum quam voluptu. 116 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | INSIGHTS | Headers and pagination b intorro dollaborio es et officia vid qui Ceperia tusdaes ectibea doloreius sum nonsentur mincill dolenderit harum est end lore la quam id millam, untur, sam re aborem utendiciis ulpa voluptio con ped ma Iti omnihil laceatesum remilliquae. dist, to Atet tem am quevolupta dolut exea eius, sum 6 mm 6 mm INSIGHTStiaeprempel et quiatur ptaecea dolupta veligni prenda autendam quo quodi sam vollore rioriae fugit,te omnis pa doluptatusci volorum que ommodit everibus sit de consequo Trivia Sans Medium (upper case), moluptiur?7.5 pt, 80% black verehendus volupta cusapie nimagni hillectio ilicium aut omnim abor a oditia comnis prercium eritate ni velendis paesequis conse 10 mm PUBLICATION TITLE dolupta destibus aut mosande dolorrovid explia qui dolupta consed es rep nusantis aspublication aut illorem fugia verum cones ulpa similibus in1 I Chapter name INSIGHTS of Chapter I Name Trivia Sans Light, 7.5 pt, 80% black net, occumet,ipsa dolomodi quossintium ex est perfero quiatur aut occusa quatet fugias es rem de aligendis sed est commo nimod quia sit faccaesti testisvitatatem mi, aliat Ra CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 7.5 80%cat black officiunt offi cima dollab ipidunt, id quo abo. ipiet,Ecab cus nusament etur et cto consequam dent rept,offi re doluptate eosantur rem volupis esequias qui quatur ipis exeriatque CHAPTER NAME resedis aliquam erum niende duscium ra quo consedit, a etum faceaquam eiunt odia dolorit esti pro tem faccum facepro v veligendam fugia porro et atur sum num eum intiumque Trivia Sans Medium, 7.5 pt, 80% black volupturiore duntus quidVERTICAL quod LINE magnis aut omnimil consed molores sitate se quo et at. eosande latur audae sandi mos deremporem Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 7.5 pt, nihicim aut1:lamoloruptam doluptatius maioren strumomnit sam est eatibus tem volorem latur restis nest, doluptate FIGURE mdio illorem unt160.3% lamvertical volo cus sumquid Nistrumquas quiae commo volupta TABLE 1 eosantur remp scale , baseline shift -1.54 pt, white evendi comnihitame inctem esquam, inctatium quiatis porionsecum tem faccum facepro volo Nesto quo temperoribus idof utadvocacy quae. Sequi ut Geographical distribution organisations Mixmag Internet survey, utexcearum quam autsequam aspitia sinus quatur sed con nonquo corione perum asvolorepel dunte voluptur mos aut ma For vertical line construction see page quas eostrum undici debis et molor molum cus esequi arunto ium suntianis et maxim veniassi qui nissit debis utcon eictios autem est dit, omnihil identifi edautaquodit in the study m ius. Anistiu santet, qui quam inctati simoluptate nation renda la rectur ad sequam, ene 008–011 of this Technical annex. Ever u voluptatem inctaec tiusdae ceatisuptatibeat dolupidus etdoloritiam, entesequi usdandam ex etvera aliquia consequ Lest aut mo beratisi(percen corp maximentirem asi quidunto ut vollo dolesedit issit volupta im illore nossi velitquam, voles si ist istrundanis minvell explibus tevolore eos accae. Aquid sam haruntibusa ciatur, que lam dolorio. Aliquae mos deremporem nihicim sinctis everciet que necomnis excest molora naturep eribus us eiur autet vel cumquo es doloren ihiligenda quiaspe rchilique et evelestiae am solupta tiistrum invere, volupturem PAGINATION Cannabis (any) 9 Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, 55% black, simusda eperspere mos nihicim aut sum que offi c torrovitaque enimagniet imendusant auditatium e nemolupta con eaque sumque si autem quilandemporem cus magnati baseline at 9.5 mm from bottom of the eiur? um volupta testemporpor solorem quo doluptatus dicatur? Quisderemporem aut liquunt Ecstasy (any) 9 page, 1.5 mm from the vertical line la doluptatius maioren simpor ape volo doluptas derferf xeribea plantiur alique parumquis ratio sandel ipsum quam, is ea berferu mquasitisin parum nonsed underov itiure sunt ciam sitates esciis doluptatatet facerep fugia cum dolupti cum aces siminusae dolupta turiatus. Cocaine (powder) 86 PAGINATION VERTICAL LINE erchiciendus autemperit mi, quo to coritibus nonserum os sant am quidis dolupiet es volo doloreptatem consequo m alias duciend aeptiis nones eles est, con et que volorrunt 13 mm long from bottom of page, olorro dolum sendeliquo im aut ium as 1 pt thick, 100% EMCDDA Yellow Mephedrone 41 iliquassimin coneoptium connducimodios et aut eaquidis eatia sundand olenisin con con et occatus.Inullessunt hicient et arumquid et, se quas et facerro exceatinis que tion consequi dolorum dolorerepedi Nat la quod quibusa etnossequidus, venist quation Amphetaminelatem veriore endebitium dolest, volorum voluptate sit la sequatio. equae. Ebitempore odi accus aliquatem que consequam doles magniendi remporum et eroanditatios commolore la volupit 7 ae prorero consequos etureris sequaeribus miligendi odit volorem incia (speed/base ) Itatem exeri volut ex estinvelent. officab oreptatem laboria atemquam faceptati blabore velenim voles de etur, od o ratibusant. conseces et estrum aut que pos ra ped nisciendit et conseque iliqui ducimus inrenatum laces reperio ipsus I

INSIGHTS Name of publication

Chapter 1 Chapter name

et volupti te parchil luptatem ut que doluptu remquost, quidelicipsa ipictus ciatibus ium qui rehenis acearcienda di dolupti atintio repellorite ex est eossitis si d aspiciduciis adi ullupta tiorem haritas ut ut entions olupti aut quatectenes excearum sequo offic tem ad quo imporerum inum entur? Ommoluptatis solecuptaque pero cullita ecernatus ese eatiunte eario. Tem et quo essimod igname nonsequ aestiatius molupta quiamust reribea del molupici blaut volorpo saectiis site quat dolo molores ex et, tent qui aut plabo. Obisquatiam qui re reptaspis dolorrovidit etur, si num quis reheniam reicidunt, nobisquid modi officium voluptam volut magnatu imporerum rectess equae. Tum dolorrovidit et aut pro vid molenda ecerro occus. Pa aut acim fuga. Loreped quid et ut reped qui rem. Itatquat. Arit harum aceari omnimol orernam re. Nem rest in et escim ex et aspera des velit et et ullorrorias est eatur, quiasimint. Obis neceat. Ut dionseque plabo. Nem quaspe vollabo ritiistrum num veleseque pro que quibus sin percilitius alic temporem nemque et enim velia nobis nusandita sam, serae di auditatus quam inctotatatem nulpa volorestia

sintion et autenientur sitibus mi, tet qui quosam repe nam que nullibusae et harchil landebis adi aut quiatio. Et a sin pore officiist, sed eate con perrum, abores recturi aspiciduciis adi ullupta tiorem haritas ut ut entions enduntotatem corume simusa voluptat.

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TABLE 10 Geographical distribution and policy orientation of advocacy organisations located in Europe Country

Control reduction

Number

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Control reinforcement Number

Croatia

Czech Republic

Harm reduction

Number

Use reduction

Number

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Ireland Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Netherlands

Norway

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Denmark

Hungary

prat quam alictem illorem unt lam volo cus sumquid itiusci psamus, aut quam aut aspitia sinus quatur sed maximilDebitatium ius. Anistiu santet, qui quam inctati simporibus, audisim illore nossi vera velit voles si ist dignat. Atur suntus eiur autet vel es doloren ihiligenda vellit ulpa volor sum volupta testemporpor solorem eiur? Eperferiore et officiam sitates esciis doluptatatet facerep tassim quam et volorro dolum sendeliquo im aut ium as aut eum dipit, odition consequi dolorum dolorerepedi voluptatus eaquiae prorero consequos etureris aliquatem suscil inctio ipicto conseces et estrum aut que pos ra ped eserferis aut aliquate volum vel ipsam aut que nobissit esto debiti rera essunt voluptat earum re, quae nullest, amet ad explit lacia aute cum eossimi, sunt duci dellum volo tenihic itecepedit eos simus il iunt, intiatur alibus voloritaere con cus eum venis as ilit faceaquis excescit ipsam, santi officia ssecus.

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FIGURE 1: Geographical distribution of advocacy organisations identified in the study

Number of organisations based in each country 0 1–5 6–10 11–15

Molupta turionsequam alis mint andi ommolup taturiaerum quo tectiae pos et aditat acia cus eaquidunt, iliquat emperfe rcitatem eos et amet es a doluptaerum dita intem veliquas moluptae que maxim imint. Ictenim quostetur, quae int rerovid eatint magnit odi odit entecturent volo quasimusdaes et am la peliqui odipsunt voloria spedicabore prae quatur aut reicipist latem qui volorempe volorior aut qui rerspe eum quam voluptu.

Iti omnihil laceate rem dist, to tem que dolut ex eius, sum fugit, omnis pa volorum que everibus sit de consequo oditia comnis prercium eritate ni velendis pa conse nusantis as aut fugia verum cones ulpa similibus in commo et, nimod modi quia sit faccaesti testis mi, aliat Ra volupis esequias qui quatur abo. Ecab ipis exeriatque et veligendam fugia porro et atur sum num eum intiumque quo et at.

uate volum vel ipsam aut que nobissit adigend aeperrovit resequat faccabor acepedit idit maxim Headers and pagination sunt voluptat earum re, quae nullest, The headers and pagination 14 voleseq uiaspid ebitio cori doluptae nam, sed quas etur, this series aresunt consistent ia aute cumofeossimi, duci dellum nonsequatior sitatem sit volo officae pa eiunt ut eveniat with those for printed pedit eos simus il iunt, intiatur alibus enducidenis dit et exceaqu atiuntius ut volesentio. Uscil idi publications. s eum venis as ilit faceaquis excescit quatur magnis simusda ndendit in reius, iur? a ssecus. 11.5 mm 1.5 mm Volorpo rehende llique magnihi liquat. Quidissim ni Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

Non country specific

2.4

Note: Umquaes ditiusam, sanim aligendero elignim unda debis conse provid quassus eaquae volupta corehen isquatiatur, siminum ium ipsus quidit eos re pa di su.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 116

>15

Source: Winstock, A., 2010. (1) Em qui repudaerchil molupta

Nesto quo temperoribus id ut quae. Sequi quam, ut veniassi autaquodit qui debis ut eictios autem est omnihil maximenti asi ut vollo dolesedit issit volupta doloritiam, volore sinctis everciet que ne excest molora naturep eribus nemolupta con ea sumque si autem qui cus magnati berferu mquasitisin parum nonsed underov itiure sunt alias duciend aeptiis nones eles est, con et que volorrunt quas et facerro optium exceatinis nossequidus, que doles magniendi remporum et ero commolore la volupit atemquam faceptati blabore velenim voles de etur, od

Goreptae nonserit13 mm explit u 9.5 mm velluptas nobissi ncipsun lati di verspis dolorepudis 15

Tus, saperio nsenimeni d 18/06/2018 17:05

References – one-column | INSIGHTS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 117

INSIGHTS Name of publication

Chapter 1 Chapter name

130 mm Pudis adi nonsequis eatem non ea seque perorio odis dolo bero berspelique landitior aut volut qui asperib usandel iciunte nis prendae nobitat litiberum aut estet estiis evenist, id eaquis autet essunt eicienimus delectemquo ex eum harume prore, tem illabo. Nam, cum alic tempossit assunt quunt rate a nobisquias num expliquunt aut aribusa ndigent magnam ipisquis eniatus acestio. Uga. Cilitio stiorem possece stionse riberchitati tem qui quis auta aliquo dolore sequiatur, si commo conecuptatum fuga. Odis excepe plaborerchil ium amendendent maxim ium ipsaperitiis ute quaspedis aboribe atiamentint era et quae porecus sitia nus si derciis inciur sam que dolum que ea ea dolorem quos rata aceatur? Nam, omnienim hilita vel modignim ut poresto volumquisti occum et eum fuga. Ut occabora venisitia duscientiis ullor si nonse nihillacilit veniam, cus audae viducia nis es et odit, sa dolo quidellupta nonseque quia sime cusdam fuga. Parcitam aut lab ipita ne issenti osandi natur, is volest verchil lestia is aut fuga. Ed magnis explibus aliquid magnimpel idelectur molores dolupta quatent voluptatem doluptatent lantur, que ne volupta sperit la diorem qui sundunt emporatet int re vidion natureperro berum audigen demqui quias alicit es illupita quat lantur? Ga. Imporro doluptatia conempor autem eatur, simusae rectet facepel iaerum rem. Ehenditate eos coreribus se adi resequodi cus, vitibusdaes essin nis quaectur? Oneserios audam harciun tincti doloreptas autem quam rem quo esed ma a veris ulparun tisquibus pliquuntore nis enimustium, unt, offic to cusamus quati dolupta tiuntia ium aliquo te nimpore periae reius pla cusam et rempor arcipsunt autecatat que est aces nobis debit, qui doloratus accae sequae volorro etur dis ducimilit exceat ut et ex eat inulliciat invelibust harchillit harum videste pa ius, ati idit magnatur? Quidio et harcienime sam aspicia ntisin cor si re quas volorporita siti sa dolorume quiatiis dis excesed mos simoluptint alibus maximpo repudi volorpos et que pe niscia volo moluptae prae ped ut eume quo ipsandia consequ aspisci libusae conserr umendi il inctatur sit accae. Cus. Met aut estiossitem quo mint vendebit a quia ius estions edissunt, velitis iusam fugiate solles repudia veribusae rerum excepratem aut quos etur?

velibus re parum, sit accus aut volor asinull orernatur, et minctate sequam iunt etur sim lorro etur dis ducimilit exceat ut et ex eat inulliciat invelibust harchillit harum videste pa ius, ati idit magnatur? Quidio et harcienime sam aspicia ntisin cor si re quas volorporita siti saquat. Totat es ut lit et as vel maximus citisci lliquibeatur aut venis de sedit volenim adiciliqui odis dendandae is elignis cipsus, nimus aut praecte volorporios estrum es inis volupta teserro de paruptas erum nes endebist explatu ritatur odicate mos doluptaque ra cone nihil ipsum seque doloribus cus, con cus autem inctore nis ut aut aut etur, ut eatemod etur moluptae lant odiat eataspis maximpedi tecture stotas aut eum fugitatum atios abo. Aboritae etus, tenist, tem ipsandam ex eos modignias veri blabo. Sitat quatur, que re ped magnimi nveror aliquam etum harum dunt dero dus, tem idellaut ut lati odia cum que vendunt repudi quidell uptaquae excescidunt odion reperna tempore nim hil is reptae imi, ex eum deniminum aut recusti apic tem aci ut omnitature veles dus unt lauta velignam quia quis volupta tempor reped erioriam voluptat. Em hit estora pa doloraeribus et qui beatemp osanducim res eiundam de nos molluptas sunt volor aceaqui quissequis accupta ercitiorepta cum et et que vendunti de nis sequam el incto beatem quam alis aperrovit ut eatis qui dolore rectati audis doloritis moditiberunt arum voluptis inveriae eate peror ad ulliandis earciis explantias asperes ate que dolest aped quis prorest aut eosam faccupta et etur?

References

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 8 pt / 12 pt, 100% black

Baumgartner, F. R. and Leech, B. L. (1998), Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and political science, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Bruun, K., Pan, L. and Rexed, I. (1975), The gentlemen’s club: International control of drugs and alcohol, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Carbert, A. (2004), ‘Learning from experience: Activist reflections on ‘insider-outsider’ strategies’, Spotlight 4, Association for Women’s Rights in Development.

Coffman, J., Hendricks, A., Kaye, J., Kelly, T. and Masters, B. (2007), The advocacy and policy change composite logic model to guide evaluation decisions, Harvard Family Research Project, Harvard.

Council of the European Union (2012), EU drugs strategy (2013–2020), CORDROGUE 101, doc. 17547/12.

European Commission (2006), Green paper on the role of civil society in drugs policy in the European Union, COM (2006) 316 final.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2011), Online sales of new sychoactive substances/‘legal highs’: summary of results from the 2011 multilingual snapshots, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

Hammer, M., Rooney, C. and Warren, S. (2010), Addressing accountability in NGO advocacy: Practice, principles and prospects of self-regulation (Briefing paper No. 125). One World Trust

SOURCE Trivia Sans Book Italic, 8 pt / 12 pt, 100% black

(available at http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/49891/1/IDL-49891.pdf).

Hillebrand, J., Olszewski, D. and Sedefov, R. (2010), ‘Legal highs on the internet’, Substance Use & Misuse 45 (3), pp. 330–340.

I I I

Hindess, B. (2002), ‘Deficit by design’, Australian Journal of Public Administration 61(1), pp. 30–38. McConnell, A. (2010), Understanding policy success: Rethinking public policy Palgrave, London. Musto, D. F. (1999), The American disease: Origins of narcotics control, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

O’Gorman, A. and Moore, M. (2012), Mapping study of drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe

Reisman, J., Gienap, A. and Stachowiak, S. (2007), A guide to measuring advocacy and policy, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, Maryland.

Solberg, U., Sedefov, R. and Griffiths, P. (2011), ‘Developing a sound methodology to monitor the online

(final report), EMCDDA, Lisbon (available at emcdda.europa.eu/publications/advocacy/mapping-study).

References – one-column layout

availability of new drugs/‘legal highs’’, in Fountain, J., Frank, V. A. and Korf, D. J. (editors), Markets, methods and messages: Dynamics in European drug research, Pabst Science Publishers, Lengerich.

References are set in a one-column layout,

Stachowiak, S. (2007), Pathways for change: 6 theories about how policy change happens, Organizational Research Services, Seattle.

as shown here. A vertical line in EMCDDA Yellow marks the start of each entry.

Eveleseque si derum isque cus as as veliquid et, ni di debis cullestiam fuga. Ique non evendellenda qui deriost isquae incilitat rest et et expla cum hilla aturecto cum essed quid expel moditat ipienim exerum, as re velecae stissequatur ad que netur alia venimpedic to magnimillam vel et ullupti aspiteste sitiumq uidendest reribus et laborest laut autaquia que niet doloreperum reperspe magnata tectius, nectem rero cus paritio. Itati optatia volupta tibernatur? moles autem alia quassinis corioria volut ulloriam, eaque

REFERENCES Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, white, vertically centered on box, box height 8 mm

For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

References may be placed either at the end of each chapter or at the end of the publication.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 117

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118 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | INSIGHTS | References – two-column

gutter 7 mm

outside 13 mm

REFERENCES Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, white

INSIGHTS Name of publication

Chapter 1 Chapter name

84.5 mm

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 8 pt / 12 pt, 100% black

inside 21 mm

30 mm

I References I I

BBC Trending (2013b), ‘How drugs are offered on Instagram’, 7/11/2013, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24849537

Bindham, N. F., Naicker, S., Freeman, B., McGeechan, K. and Trevena, L. (2014), ‘Apps promoting illicit drugs: a need for tighter regulation?’, Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet 18(1), pp. 31–43.

References – two-column layout

References are normally set in a

Cavazos-Rehg, P., Krauss, M., Grucza, R. and Bierut, L. (2014), ‘Characterizing the followers and tweets of a marijuana-focused twitter handle’, Journal of Medical Internet Research 16(6), p 157, doi: 10.2196/jmir.3247 Chiauzzi, E., Dasmahapatra, P., Lobo, K. and Barratt, M. J. (2013), ‘Participatory research with an online drug forum: a survey of user characteristics, information sharing, and harm reduction views’, Substance Use and Misuse 48(8), pp. 661–670. Chicoer (2014), ‘Six drug arrests in Chico, undercover operation included social media’, http://www.chicoer.com/generalnews/20141101/six-drug-arrests-in-chico-undercoveroperation-included-social-media Daly, M. (2015), ‘The future of drugs according to Vice’, http:// www.vice.com/en_uk/read/the-future-of-drugs-max-dalyaccording-to-vice-531

where space is limited, references

Davey, Z., Schifano, F., Corazza, O. and Deluca, P. (2012), ‘e-Psychonauts: conducting research in online drug forum communities’, Journal of Mental Health 21, pp. 386–394.

Drugabuse.com (2014), ‘Drug dealer profiles on Instagram’,

may be set in two columns. A vertical

Duff y, M., Schaefer, N., Coomber, R., O’Connell, L. and Turnbull, P. J. (2008), Cannabis supply and young people — ‘It’s a social thing’, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York.

European Commission (2014), ‘Young people and drugs: Flash Eurobarometer 401’.

EU Task Force on eHealth (2012), Redesigning health in Europe for 2020, http://www.e-health-com.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/ dateien/Downloads/redesigning_health-eu-for2020-ehtfreport2012_01.pdf

one-column layout. In some cases,

http://drugabuse.com/featured/instagram-drug-dealers/

line in EMCDDA Yellow marks the start of each entry. For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

Forsyth, A. J. (2012), ‘Virtually a drug scare: mephedrone and the impact of the Internet on drug news transmission’, International Journal of Drug Policy 23(3), pp. 198–209.

Frederick, B. J. (2015), ‘ “Slam camming”: exploring the link between men-for-men drug pornography and the emergence of

webcam drug use among gay and queer men’, Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Washington, DC.

I I

Get2ThePoint (2015), http://ynotmingle.com/ Hanson, C. L., Burton, S. H., Giraud-Carrier, C., et al. (2013a), ‘Tweaking and tweeting: exploring Twitter for nonmedical use of a psychostimulant drug (Adderall) among college students’, Journal of Medical Internet Research 15(4), e62, doi: 10.2196/ jmir.2741

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BBC Trending (2013a), ‘Instagram blocks some drugs advert tags after BBC probe’, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ technology-24842750

SOURCE Trivia Sans Book Italic, 8 pt / 12 pt, 100% black

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Holt, M. (2014), ‘Sex, drugs, and HIV: let’s avoid panic’, The Lancet HIV 1(1), e4–e5.

Johnson, B. D., Bardhi, F., Sifaneck, S. J. and Dunlap, E. (2006), ‘Marijuana argot as subculture threads: social constructions by

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References may be placed either at the end of each chapter or at the end

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Contents: Executive summary (p. 2) I Introduction (p. 3) I Advocacy (p. 4) I Identifying and categorising advocacy organisations (p. 5) I Overview of advocacy organisations in Europe (p. 7) I Exploring the forms of advocacy organisations in Europe (p. 11) I Advocacy organisations operating at the European or international level (p. 13) I Conclusions (p. 15) I Annex (p. 17) I References (p. 23)

the area of practice development, with 26% advocating use reduction and 39% harm reduction approaches. Primary objectives in the field of legislative changes were pursued by the remainder, with 23% in favour of control reduction and 12% calling for control reinforcement.

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In recent years, the profile and importance of advocacy organisations in the drugs area has increased. This change has been driven by a range of developments, including a greater number of formal mechanisms through which policymakers can be accessed and the increased ease of communication and information dissemination made possible through the Internet and other technologies. The result has been an expansion of possibilities for civil society to engage in advocacy in the drug policy area at national, European and international levels. In this context, the EMCDDA commissioned an exploratory mapping study of such advocacy organisations in Europe, the results of which are described in this paper. Advocacy, both in the general sense and in the area of drug policy, can be defined in a variety of ways. This report adopts the definition provided by the Vienna NGO Committee on Narcotic Drugs, which defines advocacy as: ‘…activities and actions with the intention of influencing decision-makers and with the aim of developing, establishing or changing policies and practices and of establishing and sustaining programmes and services’. Three categories are used to describe the types of advocacy practiced in the drugs field. Self or peer advocacy is undertaken by individuals and peer groups speaking out for themselves, and is often associated with the rights-based agendas of disability and mental health activism. Professional advocacy is undertaken by ‘helping professions’ speaking on behalf of a person or an issue, often seeking the removal of structural barriers hindering their constituency’s needs being met. Public policy advocacy seeks to effect change mainly through legislation and resource allocation. The underlying consensus across these forms is of a transformative strategy for achieving social justice. An additional distinction can be drawn between case and cause advocacy, with case advocacy focusing on the needs of the individual and cause advocacy addressing social reform. In practice, however, advocacy stretches from one to the other. Advocacy also intersects the realms of lobbying, interest groups and social movements, in terms of their shared aims of influencing public policy and resource allocation decisions, legislation, or both, though by different approaches.

the languages that were used in the Internet searches. Almost half of the organisations, (105, 48%), were located in countries where the search languages were the main language spoken, namely the United Kingdom (18%), Spain (14%), France (11%) and Ireland (5%). Smaller clusters were located in Germany (6%), Sweden (6%) and Finland (5%), with the remainder dispersed thinly among the other EU Member States and Norway. No advocacy organisations were identified in six countries: Cyprus, Estonia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovakia and Turkey. The majority of advocacy organisations (69%) operated on a national basis, less than one-fifth (17%) had a local or regional remit and over one-tenth (14%) had a European or international remit. Three main types of policy advocacy organisations were identified: civil society associations (32%); NGOs or third sector organisations (32%); and alliances, coalitions and networks of existing organisations (26%). Smaller proportions of advocacy organisations were classified as professional or representative bodies (6%), among which were medical unions and associations of lawyers or law enforcement officers, and user groups (5%). The most common tool used by organisations to influence drug discourses and disseminate information was some form of awareness raising activity (used by 82% of the organisations), such as participating in media debates, providing commentary, or using social media such as blogs, Facebook and Twitter. More than half (52%) of the advocacy organisations focused on lobbying at a national or EU–UN level, using policy submissions, petitions and participation in policy forums to bring attention to their issues of concern. Lobbying was used by organisations with divergent objectives. Education and training tools, such as seminars and conferences, were used by nearly half (45%) of the advocacy organisations to share and disseminate information on their viewpoints. Almost a third (31%) of the organisations sought to build and disseminate an evidence base through research and publications. Activist strategies, such as demonstrations and marches, were employed by a small proportion of advocacy organisations (11%). A further small proportion of the drug policy advocacy organisations used legal advocacy to promote a human-rights based approach to drug policy (4%).

Information about advocacy organisations in Europe was gathered through an Internet search carried out in English, French and Spanish, supplemented by data provided by the Reitox national focal points in the EU Member States, Turkey and Norway. For the purpose of the study, advocacy organisations were defined as organisations with a website-based Internet presence that contained a clearly stated aim to influence drug policy.

Half of the organisations advocated on behalf of drug users (109, 50%), with one-fifth of these (23, 21%) advocating for cannabis users specifically, including medicinal cannabis users. Two-fifths of the organisations advocated for the benefit of society as a whole (89, 41%), and these were largely engaged in public policy advocacy (55, 62%).

Overall, 218 drug policy advocacy organisations with a live website presence were identified. The organisations identified were mainly based in pre-2004 EU Member States in the north and west of Europe. This result may reflect a bias introduced by

Overall, the main focus of the advocacy organisations identified in this study was on practice development and delivery (142, 65%). Over one-third of the organisations (39%) advocated for a harm reduction ethos in drug services. A further one-quarter

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Headings should never be placed too close (26%) advocated for use reduction and a greater emphasis on prevention, abstinence and drug-free recovery. The remainder of the organisations focused on legislative reform, with almost one-quarter (23%) seeking a reduction in drug controls and a liberalisation of drug policies ranging from decriminalisation, to regulation of consumption and legalisation. Just over onetenth of the organisations (12%) advocated for more restrictive drug policies or control reinforcement. Overall, almost half of the advocacy organisations (49%) were involved in public policy (cause) advocacy, operating and campaigning at national or international level. One-third (35%) were concerned with professional (case) advocacy, while the smallest grouping of advocacy organisations (17%) conducted self or peer advocacy. Organisations advocating for a reduction in drug controls focused on the perceived ineffectiveness of current global drug policy with regard to the crime, violence and corruption that it engendered. Harm reduction advocates were closely allied to those advocating control reduction through collaborative linkages, though the main focus of these groups was on access to services and service user involvement in decision making on their treatment from a rights-based perspective. Advocates of use reduction focused on drug education, prevention and abstinence or drug-free recovery. Organisations advocating drug control reinforcement sought a drug-free world and the eradication of drug use through education and law enforcement. A small proportion of the public policy advocacy actors (9%) sought to influence drug policy at a European or international level. Overall, the main advocacy orientation of these organisations, over one-third (37%), was towards a reduction in drug controls, with about a quarter advocating for harm reduction (26%) and a fifth for use reduction (21%). The remaining 16% called for the reinforcement of drug control legislation. These proportions differ from the orientation of advocacy organisations as a whole.

Organisations seeking to influence public policy at a European or international level used a similar set of advocacy tools. These tools included awareness raising, networking and knowledge exchange, lobbying, legal advocacy, education and training, and research to promote and support their cause. In terms of their constituency base, control reduction and harm reduction actors mainly advocated on behalf of people using drugs. Use reduction and control reinforcement organisations, on the other hand, mainly advocated on behalf of the wider society and, in particular, young people and families. Changes in the nature, methods and impact of advocacy in the drugs area are evolving against a backdrop of ongoing economic and financial problems in the European Union. As drug services and law enforcement agencies come under increased financial pressure, it is likely that the number and type of policy actors engaged in advocacy will grow. Equally, as communities affected by drug problems experience renewed difficulties in providing services, an increased impetus to engage in advocacy may emerge.

I Introduction The drug policy area has always been influenced by a broad range of stakeholders. Historically, those engaged in advocacy have had an impact on a wide spectrum of drug policy issues, ranging from controls on the availability of opium, to the availability of interventions to reduce the harm from injecting drug use. In recent years, the profile and importance of advocacy organisations in the drugs area has increased. This change has been driven by a range of developments, including a greater number of formal mechanisms through which policymakers can be accessed and the increased ease of communication and information dissemination made possible through the Internet and other technologies. The result has

Organisation type

Civil society association (58%)

NGO or third sector (57%) Alliance, coalition, network (29%)

Alliance, coalition, network (28%)

Professional or representative body (13%)

NGO or third sector (22%)

NGO or third sector (9%)

User group (1%)

User group (3%)

National (71%)

For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex. Graphics Most graphics flow with the text and, if small, are placed within one column. They can

Civil society association (45%)

User group (19%) Alliance, coalition, network (14%)

National (67%)

the optimum is five lines or more).

Public policy (106.49%)

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Professional or representative body (2%)

Scope

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Advocacy type (number and percentage of organisations) Professional (76.35%)

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TABLE A1 Summary of characteristics of advocacy organisations by advocacy type

Peer (36.17%)

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National (70%)

Local or regional (25%)

Local or regional (19%)

European or international (18%)

European or international (8%)

European or international (11%)

Local or regional (12%)

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Internet search method

I Advocacy

Information about advocacy organisations in Europe was mainly gathered through an Internet search. This was done by developing a search string, that is, a set of key words that yields the maximum number of relevant results when entered into a search engine.

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Categorising advocacy organisations

What is advocacy?

As the search was conducted in threetake widely spoken Because of the diff erent forms it can in practice and Advocacy, both in the general sense and in the area languages (English, French and Spanish), two variations the variety of contexts that takes advocacy is of the search stringit were used. Atplace the outset,in, a number of drug policy, can be defined in a variety of ways. This of exclusion criteria were defined to help focus the understood in many different ways. This section of the report search and produce the most relevant results. Advocacy report adopts the definition provided by the Vienna NGO Type of advocacy organisations were definednature as organisations with provides an introduction to the of advocacy in general a website-based Internet presence that contained Committee on Narcotic Drugs, which defines advocacy as: Three categories were used to describe the type of advocacy and advocacy in the drug aim policy area cally, which is a clearly stated to influence drug specifi policy. that organisations were engaged in: peer, professional and ‘…activities and actions with the intention of influencing public policy advocacy. informed by the literature review undertaken for this study. The national versions of the search engine Google were decision-makers and with the aim of developing, used to check each country for the presence of advocacy Peer advocacy is characterised by the members of organisations. In doing so, the results generated by the search string were ‘sampled to exhaustion’. This process

involved reviewing the first 100 links in the results

Meaning, application and theoretical basis and then continuing to assess subsequent links until 20 successive links were irrelevant (EMCDDA, 2011; Hillebrand et al., 2010; Solberg et al., 2011).

establishing or changing policies and practices and of

organisations sharing a common experience of drug use and associated harms, giving them a unique understanding of the issues and difficulties that can be experienced. Typically, these organisations include community-based groups, such as usergroups, family or ethnic minority support groups, alongside community activist groups focused specifi c places and of (1on ) See the website issues, grassroots campaigns, voluntary civil society and faith-based groups. Collectively, these organisations are characterised by a low level of formal organisation and funding, and are involved in campaigning for service provision and support resources at a local or national level.

establishing and sustaining programmes and services’ (1). the Vienna NGO Committee on Narcotic Drugs.

Advocacy (from the Latin advocare to summon, or call Step-by-step guidelines for the search were designed, to one’s aid) is popularly support for, or which ensured understood consistency and madeas the technique for repeat studies. After searching the Internet recommendationreplicable of, a particular cause or policy. At the core Advocacy organisations have developed and grown in the for relevant organisations, the ‘home’ and ‘about us’ sections of these websites of wererepresentation, then reviewed in order to which The practice corresponds of this definition lies the notion canof professional advocacy expansion ofwith ‘democratic spaces’ where civil society can find the information needed to categorise the advocacy many features of the idea of case advocacy, and is commonly take many forms.organisations. Self or Additional peer advocacy issearched undertaken by by ‘operational’ NGOs, participate inproviders policy formation through, for example, formal organisations were for undertaken such as service in the ‘membership lists’ or ‘links’ pages of the websites. and professional bodies, as well as non-peer groups. As individuals and peer groups speaking out for themselves, mechanisms at local, national and international levels (see the a result of their front-line service contact with drug users, During this process, the information was collected in families and communities, these professional actors often a data entry form and then entered into a database. and is often associated with the rights-based agendas of box ‘What is civil society?’). These spaces facilitate dialogues focus on issues linked to practice and service provision. They are involved in policy advocacy primarily on behalf of, or with, disability and mental health activism. Professional advocacy between civil society and EU and other transnational governance drug-users and those affected by drug-related harms out of Being an exploratory study, the research was subject to professional certain limitations. professions’ Advocacy organisations were defined ason behalf is undertaken by ‘helping speaking ofinterests. bodies, with advocacy organisations seeking to influence policy, organisations with a clearly stated aim to influence drug policy Public policy advocacy organisations engage in whatEU and transnational bodies typically aiming to on their website, which allowed the search be consistentof structural a person or an issue, often seeking the toremoval and national, may be known as cause advocacy. This category includes across countries. This excluded advocacy organisations barriers hindering their constituency’s needs being met. develop more inclusive and grounded policies. Overall, policy ‘campaigning’ NGOs, large-scale user-groups, grassroots without websites and those with a web presence based solely networks, human rights or social justice organisations, on social media sites. Organisations concerned with drug Public policy advocacy seeks to eff ect change mainly through advocacy organisations and coalitions are seen to have had a policy research think-tanks and campaigning or lobbying issues, but not explicitly established to influence drug policy organisations. They typically operate at the national and were also excluded ( ). Furthermore, the Internet searches legislation and resource allocation. Th e underlying consensus long history of infl uence over public policy values and outputs, transnational levels. were undertaken in English, French and Spanish. Additional organisations have been located by a search using across these forms is ofwould a transformative strategy for and as sites of active citizenship (Baumgartner and Leech, 1998; more languages. achieving social justice. McConnell, 2010; Reisman et al., 2007). 4

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An additional distinction can be drawn between case and cause advocacy, with case advocacy focusing on the needs of the individual and cause advocacy addressing social reform. In practice, however, advocacy stretches from one to the other. Advocacy also intersects the realms of lobbying, interest groups and social movements, in terms of their shared aims of influencing public policy and resource allocation decisions, legislation, or both, though by different approaches.

While active civil society groups are seen to address 6 / 24 7 mm what Hindess (2002) calls the ‘democratic deficit’ of the representative model of democracy, they have been criticised 12 mm on the issue of representation and their legitimacy to act on behalf of an individual or group of ‘constituents’. However, Hammer et al. (2010) note that the advocacy community includes not only those organisations that represent others, 18/06/2018 17:05

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References

Baumgartner, F. R. and Leech, B. L. (1998), Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and political science, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Bruun, K., Pan, L. and Rexed, I. (1975), The gentlemen’s club: International control of drugs and alcohol, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Carbert, A. (2004), ‘Learning from experience: Activist reflections on ‘insider-outsider’ strategies’, Spotlight 4, Association for Women’s Rights in Development.

Coffman, J., Hendricks, A., Kaye, J., Kelly, T. and Masters, B. (2007), The advocacy and policy change composite logic model to guide evaluation decisions, Harvard Family Research Project, Harvard.

Council of the European Union (2012), EU drugs strategy (2013–2020), CORDROGUE 101, doc. 17547/12.

European Commission (2006), Green paper on the role of civil society in drugs policy in the European Union, COM (2006) 316 final.

Hammer, M., Rooney, C. and Warren, S. (2010), Addressing accountability in NGO advocacy: Practice, principles and prospects of self-regulation (Briefing paper No. 125). One World Trust (available at http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/49891/1/IDL-49891.pdf).

Hillebrand, J., Olszewski, D. and Sedefov, R. (2010), ‘Legal highs on the internet’, Substance Use & Misuse 45 (3), pp. 330–340.

I I I

Hindess, B. (2002), ‘Deficit by design’, Australian Journal of Public Administration 61(1), pp. 30–38.

O’Gorman, A. and Moore, M. (2012), Mapping study of drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe (final report), EMCDDA, Lisbon (available at emcdda.europa.eu/publications/advocacy/mapping-study).

Reid, E. (1999), ‘Nonprofit advocacy and political participation’, in Boris, E. T. and Steuerle, C. E. (editors)

REFERENCES Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, white, vertically centered on box, box height 8 mm TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 8 pt / 12 pt, 100% black SOURCE Trivia Sans Italic, 8 pt / 12 pt, 80% black

McConnell, A. (2010), Understanding policy success: Rethinking public policy Palgrave, London. Musto, D. F. (1999), The American disease: Origins of narcotics control, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Nonprofits and government: Collaboration and conflict, Urban Institute Press, Washington, D.C.

References

Reisman, J., Gienap, A. and Stachowiak, S. (2007), A guide to measuring advocacy and policy, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, Maryland.

Stachowiak, S. (2007), Pathways for change: 6 theories about how policy change happens,

References are set in a one-column layout, as shown here. A vertical line in the selected dominant colour of the

Organizational Research Services, Seattle.

publication marks the start of each entry. References may be placed at the end of the publication, before the annexes.

23 / 24

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I Legal notice

I Contents

Study rationale and methods

The substances: which NPS are linked with high-risk use?

NPS use among high-risk drug users

NPS-related harms and deaths

Discussion

Conclusion: an uncertain future

Acknowledgements

References

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, year © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, year Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Credits for photos: source For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EMCDDA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

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EMCDDA authors/contributors: Jane Mounteney, Manuel Ruiz, Alessandra Bo, Teodora Groshkova, João Matias, Liesbeth Vandam, Feline Cardoso, Rachel Christie, Linda Montanari, Isabelle Giraudon, Paul Griffiths

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Publication title

29 mm packages over the prison wall, sometimes using drones or hiding the substances inside dead birds. Staff, prisoners and visitors are seen to play an important role in the supply of SCRAs in prison, including using body cavities or bringing it into prison in the form of saturated ricepaper. Recently there have been reports that SCRAs are sprayed on letters or children’s drawings and enter the prison by post. The emergence of SCRA use in prisons in Europe raises a multitude of issues, including challenges on appropriate healthcare responses and the adequacy of detection techniques. There is an urgent need for a better understanding and monitoring of this situation, alongside training of staff to be able to handle SCRA-related problems, both health and behavioural, and the establishment of appropriate treatment and harmreduction programmes in prisons. A recent training tool on NPS management has been published by Public Health England, identifying the main issues to deal with to tackle NPS-related problems for prison staff, and mandatory drug-testing procedures have been revised for English prisons (PHE, 2015).

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NPS and injection among men who have sex with men/slamming

The practice of stimulant drug injection, sometimes including synthetic cathinones, by a subgroup of men who have sex with men has raised public health concerns in recent years. This injection behaviour, generally referred to as ‘slam’ or ‘slamming’, primarily takes place in the context of sex parties (Batisse et al., 2016; Kirby and Thornber-Dunwell 2013a,b; Stuart, 2013). Synthetic cathinones, such as mephedrone, are sometimes used in combination with other drugs such as GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), GBL (gammabutyrolactone), crystallised methamphetamine, cocaine and sildenafil, with the purpose of reducing inhibition and enhancing sexual experience (Abdulrahim et al., 2016; Bourne et al., 2014). ‘Chemsex’ parties can last from a few hours to several days and participants usually engage in risky sexual practices with multiple partners, sometimes exchanging syringes and not using condoms, with a consequent increase in the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases and other blood-/body fluid-borne viral infections (McCall et al., 2015; Peyrière et al., 2013). At the time of writing, a small number of studies documenting slamming practices have come from France, Spain and the United Kingdom. A recent survey of HIVpositive patients attending 30 HIV clinics in England and

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EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 134

FIGURE 3 Reports of injection and stimulant use among men who have sex with men in the European Union, Norway and Turkey Injection of stimulants, including synthetic cathinones Injection of stimulants, not including synthetic cathinones Synthetic cathinones used, no data for injection

(Lovett et al., 2015b). In this area, responses require a multidisciplinary approach to address the psychosocial aspects of drug-taking behaviours, in collaboration with healthcare professionals experienced in the management of sexual health problems. Research highlights the importance of screening and brief intervention, as well as effective referral processes to specialised drug treatment, as appropriate strategies to reduce harms related to drug use in this setting (Abdulrahim et al., 2016; Bourne et al., 2015; PHE, 2015).

No data

I NPS-related harms and deaths

Wales found that among the men who have sex with men, nearly a third (29 %) reported engaging in chemsex in the past year and 1 in 10 reported slamming (Bourne et al., 2015; Daskalopoulou et al., 2014; Pufall et al., 2016). Studies have also been conducted in French cities (Batisse et al., 2016; Foureur et al., 2013). In addition, experts involved in this analysis report that the injection of NPS among men who have sex with men also occurred in Ireland, the Netherlands and Sweden. Reports of slamming practices are also available from other European countries. In both the Czech Republic and Germany, the injection of stimulants among small populations of men who have sex with men is confirmed, but synthetic cathinones do not appear to be part of the cocktail of substances used. In Denmark, Finland and Greece, anecdotal evidence also suggests that some stimulant injection might be occurring among men who have sex with men. In Italy and Slovenia, mephedrone is reportedly available and used in the men who have sex with men scene but there is no clear evidence that it is being injected (see Figure 3). There are concerns that the small group of men who have sex with men who may be experiencing problems linked to chemsex and slamming seem to be ‘off the radar’ of national drug agencies and community-based drug services (Pirona et al., 2017). Evidence suggests that those among this group with drug problems are more likely to be in contact with sexual health clinics or HIV/AIDS checkpoints, and rarely access drug treatment services

In the absence of clinical trials establishing the physical and psychological harms caused by NPS consumption, this study relies on data from NPS hospital emergency presentations, post-mortem toxicology examinations reported by special mortality registers, fatal and non-fatal intoxications reported to the EU EWS, data from user surveys, regional and national poison information services, single-case or cluster reports and published scientific studies. In many cases it is almost impossible to assess the impact or role played by NPS compared with the impact of other substances, for example in acute emergencies or deaths where multiple substances are present.

General acute NPS toxicity

A number of NPS may potentially cause acute intoxications leading to serious consequences, which might be aggravated in the context of high-risk drug use. Pharmacologically, these substances interact with various neurotransmitter targets affecting both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Adverse effects linked with synthetic cathinones are similar to the monoamine dysfunction observed in stimulant (amphetamines, cocaine) users (EMCDDA, 2011; German et al., 2014). The general pattern is characterised by agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, psychosis, myoclonus, headaches, hyperthermia, hypertension, tachycardia, hyponatremia, nausea, vomiting and chest pains (Capriola, 2013). In addition, stimulants such as ethylphenidate mimic the effects of the stimulant medicine methylphenidate and have been linked with a range of harms in the United Kingdom (ACMD, 2015; PHE, 2015). New synthetic opioids tend to produce the toxic effects typical of opioids such as heroin, including respiratory depression and respiratory arrest, loss of consciousness and coma, miosis, nausea, and

drowsiness (EMCDDA, 2016a; Helander et al., 2016). Designer benzodiazepines produce the traditional benzodiazepines’ analogue sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic and muscle-relaxant effects. Their combination with opioids potentiates the clinical features seen, including extreme sleepiness, respiratory depression, increased risk of overdose (Park et al., 2015), coma and death. SCRAs appear to have the potential for more severe and unusual effects than THC; in addition to the expected effects on the central nervous system, some SCRA compounds have been associated with stimulant-like features (including psychosis, seizures, tachycardia and autonomic hyperactivity), along with effects including kidney damage and suicidality (Gurney et al., 2014).

Hospital emergencies and poisonings

Important insights into patterns and trends in acute health harms related to NPS use come from hospital emergency settings. Since 2013 the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) project has been collecting systematic data on the drug-related acute toxicity presentations to the emergency departments across Europe. Between October 2013 and September 2015, the original 16 sentinel centres in the Euro-DEN Plus network reported 10 956 emergency presentations directly related to the use of illicit drugs or NPS. Of these, 3 288 (30 %) involved the use of a substance potentially associated with high-risk drug use (buprenorphine, fentanyl, crack cocaine, heroin, methadone). Among these potential high-risk drug use cases, just 67 (2 %) involved the concomitant use of NPS. Looking at the characteristics of this small group, approximately 60 % of patients were male and the median age was 33 years. Their median stay in hospital was 13 hours 30 minutes. Almost all of the 67 cases were recorded in Munich, Dublin and London South (Figure 4). As shown in Figure 4, in the hospitals reporting higher proportions of NPS-using patients (Gdansk, York etc.), co-use of NPS was not necessarily common among those who had used high-risk drugs. In addition, other centres found no cases of co-use of NPS and high-risk drugs. Included in this group is York, where 30 % of the 405 presentations were related to NPS and a further 30 % were related to high-risk drugs. Also in the group are the Oslo centres, where the prevalence of NPS cases was less than 1 % and high-risk drugs accounted for 1 636 out of a total of 3 515 drug-related presentations. The types of NPS used along with high-risk established drugs varied between locations. Munich recorded presentations with synthetic cathinones and 4-MPA. In Dublin, mephedrone was the only NPS used alongside high-risk drugs.

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Publication subtitle Month 2020

NPS production, distribution and marketing Most NPS and precursors are produced in China and

commonly labelled ‘not for human consumption’ to

bought by European distributors, often in bulk quantities,

circumvent drug control legislation. Dark net markets

and transported to Europe by air or sea. European

also provide anonymity for operators and a similar

actors, often with links to organised crime, then package

infrastructure for sellers and buyers of NPS to those

and market them either on the open market or directly

provided by other online marketplaces (e.g. eBay or

on the illicit drug market. For small quantities, online

Amazon). Once substances have been controlled,

orders may be placed directly with Chinese vendors or

however, they have also been increasingly supplied by

via internet smart shops. Orders are then shipped using

traditional sources such as street dealers.

Heading 1 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae

Heading 2 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

the postal service and couriers (delivery companies). The synthesis of many NPS requires similar equipment Both online and bricks-and-mortar shops have been

and chemical expertise to those needed for the

important sales platforms for new substances in

manufacture of illicit synthetic drugs. In a relatively

Europe. In particular the internet plays an important role

recent development, market signals suggest an

for NPS distribution (Soussan and Kjellgren, 2016) and

increase in the production and importation of

its ease of access reaches geographically remote areas.

precursors that can be used for the synthesis of NPS

Substances are typically marketed as research

within Europe, for European markets (EMCDDA, 2016b;

chemicals, dietary supplements or plant food, and

Europol, 2013).

I Discussion I

Top-level trends and developments

This analysis has focused on a new and emerging drug use problem. However, the small scale of the phenomenon is important to remember. To put things into perspective, the latest estimates are that there are around 1.3 million high-risk opioid users in Europe, most of whom use heroin (EMCDDA, 2017). There were also an estimated more than 8 400 drug-induced deaths in 2015, most related to heroin, methadone, cocaine and amphetamines. Some of these high-risk users will also include NPS in their repertoire, either regularly or occasionally. Indeed, this analysis suggests that primary NPS users are very rare and that most problem use of NPS occurs in the context of polysubstance use. Only use of SCRAs by prisoners and homeless populations appears to be less linked with other high-risk drug use patterns, although it is probably connected with alcohol and cannabis use. At least among pockets of drug users in many European countries, it seems reasonable to state that the distinction between the use of established substances and NPS is diminishing. This is occurring in a situation characterised by rather fluid patterns of polydrug use closely meshed with substance availability, price and purity. In a number of countries, NPS are now more visible and important than chronic and more problem patterns of substance consumption. There are, however, some qualifiers and the

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picture is not a simple one. For a number of countries, mainly situated in the south of Europe, very little NPS use is reported. For another group of countries, a low level of problem NPS use has been identified, while for a small group of countries, notably Hungary, Ireland and the United Kingdom, this is a major issue for drug policy and a challenge for health and social responses. At least for these countries, there appear to be some common drivers, including diminishing heroin supplies and ready availability of NPS, first through shops and later through online means. Common protective factors for countries with little or no evidence of this problem may include plentiful access to other illicit substances, in particular stimulants (cocaine and methamphetamine) and cannabis.

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This analysis has highlighted diverse NPS-using populations and contexts for use in Europe. The populations identified as involved in high-risk use of SCRAs and synthetic cathinones range from very young experimenters (e.g. Finland, Slovenia) and young marginalised or disaffected populations (Hungary, United Kingdom) to older polydrug users and high-risk stimulant users. A common thread is social vulnerability; in most cases we are talking about small groups of users in many cases these are socially marginalised populations, often unemployed and homeless, sometimes with coexisting mental health disorders and established criminal careers. Also highlighted are patterns

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008–011 of this Technical annex.

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aggression, mood alterations and worsening sting psychiatric conditions.

prolong the effec United Kingdom between 2010 and 2015. Serious borne diseases a intoxications associated with the SCRAs haveofalso been Across European countries number deaths where 136 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | RAPID COMMUNICATIONS | Headers and pagination equipment is sha reported the EU EWS 2015, includingdrug an outbreak NPS aretoinvolved in thesince context of high-risk use is addictive elemen in variable the Polish Silesia region (483), asInwell as intoxications and difficult to establish. particular, there are ne consumption has been associated with 6 mm 6 mm binging behaviou in many Sweden (10), Austria and (7) (EMCDDA limitations in the(7) data onGermany drug-related mortality. risk of presenting psychotic symptomatology been reported (G and Europol, 2016a). Sweden also reported a number of These include the likely under-detection and houghts, hallucinations or disorganised10speech). mm LEFT PAGE HEADER Baseline at 10 mm from top of the page, of slamming case acute intoxications synthetic opioids between underreporting of linked NPS intopost-mortem analysis, especially n most cases, psychosis within a few Publication 6 mm from left edge, Triviaresolved Sans Light, title Publication subtitle I Month 2020 7.3 pt, 80% black – Publication title Addictovigilance, 2013 and 2015:orMT-45 (12), drugs AH-7921 when heroin other illicit are (6) alsoand present. Also, e have been reports of persistent psychotic RIGHT PAGE HEADER and other drugs a acetylfentanyl (6)codes (EMCDDA, 2014, 2015; EMCDDA and lack of specific for NPS in general mortality registers for weeks after a single consumption Baseline at 10 mm from top of the page, 6 mm from right edge, Trivia Sans Light, HIV prevalence w Europol, 2016b). prevents many NPS-related fatal poisonings from being ich-Segal et7.3 pt, al.,80% 2016). The worsening of black – Publication subtitle, Trivia Sans Medium, 7.3 pt, 80% black (Date). identified. An unknown number of NPS-related deaths may hepatitis C co-inf c status among high-risk drug users who started I VERTICAL and LINE SCRAs has been reported be hiddenrationale behind cases associated with heroin, other hetic cathinones  associated har Study and methods Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 7.3 pt, 160.3% rly Warning System on new psychoactive substances vertical scale, baseline -1.54 pt, opioids or stimulants. y, Finland, Hungary andshift the United Kingdom. NPS-related infections: HIV and hepatitis C Synthetic externalcathino trigger 100% EMCDDA Blue I g services, for example, report that heroin users increased HIV and In recent years, environmental signals from both formal For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex. ed rapid deterioration in mental and physical A limited number of deaths among high-risk drug al.,terms 2015)ofand in th People injecting stimulants report levels ofusers In metho and informal research and monitoring sources have been end of 2016 the European Early Warning System In 2015, almost 80 000 seizures ofhigher NPS were reported. er use, andover many have been associated with synthetic cathinones Europe. and HCVThe transmis sharing and reusing needles andcathinones syringes, of riskyinsexual phases. first p critical new developments within Europe’s new S)commencing was routinelyNPS monitoring 620 substances indicating Together SCRAs and synthetic accounted PAGINATION ntly returned toNorway using heroin. Between 2010 and 2014, Finland, Sweden and the United al., an 2017). In thete U behaviours, unprotected and increased by EMCDDA psychoactive substances (NPS) market. These include Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, 55% black, ember States, and Turkey. In 2016, 66 for 60 % ofincluding all NPS seizure cases insex, 2015 (over 47 000). baseline at 9.5 mm from bottom of the Kingdom deaths due to synthetic cathinone use, registered an numbers ofreported sexualand partners, resulting an among overall conducting ofincr onli signs increased problem of in NPS 1.5 ed mm from vertical line time. re formally page, notifi forthethe first The of number of seizures of new use synthetic opioids in addition toacquisition cases where these drugs were in the alth problems, including self-harm, anxiety and among use greater risk of and transmission bloodon dataheroin collection a range of relatively demographic groups, including theofpresent use of PAGINATION VERTICAL LINE I remains low. 13 mm long from bottom of page, post-mortem toxicology together with other substances n, physical health problems and strong cathinones. In Irelm borne viruses, as wellby asopioid injection infections during an expert synthetic cathinones andsite amphetamine 0.5 pt thick, 55% black est substance categories monitored by the EU such as the alcohol and medicines. Synthetic cathinones that l effects are among the harmful consequences of new HIV infecti (Wiessing andinjection Folch, 2016). People who inject October 2016. Th injectors, of synthetic cathinones by certain e the synthetic cannabinoids or SCRAs (over 160 Information received by the EU EWS also highlights the have beenofassociated with deaths inmen, Europe include s linked to SCRA use in prisons. homeless polydru stimulant-type NPS in particular synthetic cathinones experts from 11 c subgroups men who have sex with reports of Headers and pagination nces, including 11 new cannabinoids reported Iin increase in reports of serious adverse events, including contributed to an potent new synthetic opioids found in heroin products, and ollowed by The theheaders synthetic cathinones (over 100 mass intoxications, deaths and outbreaks of infections 13 and the use of synthetic cannabinoids by marginalised 14insights from a ran pagination in the Rapid nces, 14 reported for the first time in 2016). associatedinwith thecountries. use of NPS. In 2015, 17 public communications series research and mon populations some 13 mm 10 mm are those designed for 25 new opioids have been detected on Europe’s health-related alerts (including updates) were issued to forensics, law enfo printed publications. since 2009, including nine reported for the first EU EWS the network, addressing public health Tothe investigate circumstances and impact of these 11.5 mm 1.5 mm 2016. Similar low-level but increasing trends concerns, such as deaths associated with the use of or The trendspotter developments, a targeted rapid information assessment different investiga studyopioids; was initiated by the Monitoring en observed with the number of benzodiazepine ‘trendspotter’ potent synthetic clusters andEuropean outbreaks of I

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FIGURE 4 Hospital presentations related to NPS and co-use of NPS among high-risk drug presentations at Euro-DEN sentinel centres, October 2013 to September 2015

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Physical harms and mental health problems

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NPS use among all drug presentations

Some data are also available on national reports of acute intoxications sent to the EMCDDA and in the scientific literature. These indicate that a range of synthetic cathinones — MDPV, alpha-PVP, mephedrone and 5-IT — were associated with acute intoxications in Germany, Finland, Hungary, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom between 2010 and 2015. Serious intoxications associated with SCRAs have also been reported to the EU EWS since 2015, including an outbreak in the Polish Silesia region (483), as well as intoxications in Sweden (10), Austria (7) and Germany (7) (EMCDDA and Europol, 2016a). Sweden also reported a number of acute intoxications linked to synthetic opioids between 2013 and 2015: MT-45 (12), AH-7921 (6) and acetylfentanyl (6) (EMCDDA, 2014, 2015; EMCDDA and Europol, 2016b).

NPS-related infections: HIV and hepatitis C

People injecting stimulants report higher levels of sharing and reusing needles and syringes, of risky sexual behaviours, including unprotected sex, and increased numbers of sexual partners, resulting in an overall greater risk of acquisition and transmission of bloodborne viruses, as well as injection site infections (Wiessing and Folch, 2016). People who inject stimulant-type NPS in particular synthetic cathinones

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 136

(Giese et al., 2015). In Hungary in 2014, cathinone injection, mainly pentedrone, mephedrone, MDPV and alpha-PVP, was associated with HIV infection in people who inject drugs (Rácz et al., 2016). In addition, the injection of synthetic cathinones and sharing of needles have been identified as possible factors linked to recent outbreaks of HIV infection in Romania and Greece (Botescu et al., 2012; Fotiou et al., 2012).

Co-use of NPS among high-risk drug presentions

are thus a population at risk of blood-borne viruses such as HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), linked to both sex and injection. The short duration of intravenous mephedrone action has been associated with repeat dosing and a high frequency of injection (10 to 20 times per day) to maintain and prolong the effects, leading to a higher risk of bloodborne diseases and infections if infected injection equipment is shared. Besides compulsive use, other addictive elements such as craving, uncontrolled binging behaviours and withdrawal symptoms have been reported (German et al., 2014). In a recent analysis of slamming cases notified to the French Network of Addictovigilance, involving the injection of cathinones and other drugs among men who have sex with men, HIV prevalence was on average 82 %, with 50 % hepatitis C co-infection (Batisse et al., 2016).

Synthetic cathinone injection has been linked with increased HIV and HCV transmission in Ireland (Giese et al., 2015) and in the United Kingdom (Hope et al., 2016), and HCV transmission in Hungary (Horváth, 2013; Tarján et al., 2017). In the United Kingdom, Welsh services registered an increase in HCV and HIV infection rates among heroin users who were also using synthetic cathinones. In Ireland in 2015, an increase in the number of new HIV infections was reported among a group of homeless polydrug users who primarily injected alpha-PVP

The high number of daily injections associated with the use of synthetic cathinones can also exacerbate a range of injection-related harms, including soft tissue injuries, abscesses, gangrene, sore or open wounds at injection sites, bacterial infections and vein clotting. In 2014 in Scotland (UK), an outbreak of soft tissue infections (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) was associated with the injection of ethylphenidate, and in Slovenia, between 2014 and 2015, use of 3-MMC among intravenous opioid users was linked with soft tissue injuries. In addition, among a range of physical harms associated with NPS use, sleep deprivation and coordination problems were the most reported physical health problems in certain studies (MacLeod et al., 2016; Winstock et al., 2011). Some NPS have shown that they are potentially liable to produce physical and psychological dependence, tolerance and withdrawal (Baumeister et al., 2015). Other mental health problems are reported in the scientific literature, including psychotic reactions, self-harm, aggression, mood alterations and worsening of pre-existing psychiatric conditions. Mephedrone consumption has been associated with increased risk of presenting psychotic symptomatology (delusive thoughts, hallucinations or disorganised speech). Although, in most cases, psychosis resolved within a few days, there have been reports of persistent psychotic symptoms for weeks after a single consumption (Dolengevich-Segal et al., 2016). The worsening of psychiatric status among high-risk drug users who started using synthetic cathinones and SCRAs has been reported in Germany, Finland, Hungary and the United Kingdom. Welsh drug services, for example, report that heroin users experienced rapid deterioration in mental and physical health after commencing NPS use, and many subsequently returned to using heroin. Mental health problems, including self-harm, anxiety and depression, physical health problems and strong withdrawal effects are among the harmful consequences reported as linked to SCRA use in prisons.

Social harms

Illicit drug use, particularly opioid use and injection, has historically been associated with social problems, and this is no less the case for NPS use. A number of sources highlighted social harms associated with the use of synthetic cathinones and SCRAs, including poverty, homelessness and challenges associated with users’ violence and aggression. In some countries (Czech Republic, Hungary and United Kingdom), NPS are increasingly being seen as the drugs of the poor. In Hungary, the use of SCRAs is particularly linked with rural poverty. In the United Kingdom, the use of SCRAs among homeless people and marginalised youth has been high on the political agenda in recent months (MacLeod et al., 2016). Slovenia also reports the use of 3-MMC among marginalised populations including vulnerable young people and sex workers.

In Ireland, three Dublin drug treatment services have reportedly closed (and later reopened) because of problems dealing with synthetic cathinone users (mephedrone and alpha-PVP) and management of difficult client behaviour (e.g. severe agitation, aggression and violence in users). Similarly, a number of Europe’s prisons are struggling with behavioural challenges among inmates. As discussed earlier, the growing level of NPS use in prisons in Europe may be linked to an increasing level of violence towards both prisoners and staff (User Voice, 2016).

NPS-related deaths

Across European countries the number of deaths where NPS are involved in the context of high-risk drug use is variable and difficult to establish. In particular, there are many limitations in the data on drug-related mortality. These include the likely under-detection and underreporting of NPS in post-mortem analysis, especially when heroin or other illicit drugs are also present. Also, lack of specific codes for NPS in general mortality registers prevents many NPS-related fatal poisonings from being identified. An unknown number of NPS-related deaths may be hidden behind cases associated with heroin, other opioids or stimulants. A limited number of deaths among high-risk drug users have been associated with synthetic cathinones in Europe. Between 2010 and 2014, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom reported deaths due to synthetic cathinone use, in addition to cases where these drugs were present in the post-mortem toxicology together with other substances such as alcohol and medicines. Synthetic cathinones that have been associated with deaths in Europe include

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I Acknowledgements The EMCDDA would like to acknowledge the expert contributions made to this publication by Anne Batisse, Paul Dargan, Luke De La Rue, Tony Duffin, Kateřina Grohmannová, Jean-Paul Grund, Gergely Horváth, Miina Kajos, Christian Löfberg, Kathy MacLeod, Anja Mihevc, Levente Móró, Thomas Néfau, Josie Smith, Werner Verbruggen, Bernd Werse, David Wood and Agnese Zile-Veisberga.

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of each entry. References are generally placed at the end of the publication. For construction of the vertical line see 20

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SERIES PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS

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140 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS | Overview

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40% EMCDDA publication colour

Ebissitis ea quia qui sitatio ipsum excerov idignisit aspictatur? Uga. Ipsam fugit eos velique nessin pre pe remquodi volo bla que essedi cumquatum rectorro et et am que porat fugita cusandis aut magnis vel millest orerum faci nihit volum quiae con pro magnime voloreptur aspe re ex ex ea vendipi tibuscim natus dolenime alia doluptam, et eum, quatum rem hillis vendem qui corum ut ium volor res sim autempo rrovitis ium quis dolore is mo quias nonseca eriaspi citata dempos et ut invelic tem haruntus et omnient res autem labo. Igendae poraepe ditium que vitis aut que re, voluta sume doluptatur repti sum rem ea poria sante omnite dolecta tusam, solenes ecatur, ut fugia dolut et voluptaquam laamerum quidus.

An Adobe InDesign template is available with all graphic elements to facilitate close observance of the design rules. For more information, see page 3.29.

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PODs ON-LINE VERSION AT

emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/ hepatitis-c-treatment

Utute ma con poribus aperit

Basic colours EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

Uga. Ipsam fugit eos velique nessin pre pe remquodi volo bla que essedi cumquatum rectorro et et am que porat fugita cusandis aut magnis vel millest orerum faci nihit volum quiae con pro magnime voloreptur aspe re ex ex ea vendipi tibuscim natus dolenime alia doluptam, et eum, quatum rem hillis vendem qui corum ut ium volor res simt.

20% EMCDDA publication colour

Blue Green Yellow Turquoise Red

Velliquodit quae si reprae nimincim ilit omnimus

Velliquodit quae si reprae nimincim ilit omnimus mos eveliqui quiducia dellore, odi assit rem que vollut la cum faciae ipicabor re nonsequ osamendae num, quo et voluptae reptibus issita net que omniet quidebit et voloreperem abore doluptiis ilic te net fugit de et et faccaersped eristium, omnis elenia quis nat hil illitae velibus as peruptu sdaestis maximol oreperro moditatum il ilibus quam facea sunt elluptatio cum, sape doluptatem volorio blam harchic tempor min nonserae volores cidebitibust que mo id es ea voloratur? Velliquodit quae si reprae nimincim.

Basic backgrounds Background Grey

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Blue 20% EMCDDA Green 20% EMCDDA Yellow 20% EMCDDA Turquoise 20% EMCDDA Red

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Front cover specifications | PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 141 12 mm

6.5 mm

UPDATED D. M. Y

12 mm 21.2 mm

UPDATED Trivia Sans Book, 10 pt, 40% black, upper case, vertically centered in white field

44.7 mm 11.5 mm

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS

Publication title shown on two lines

SERIES Trivia Sans Light, 26 pt / 40 pt, 95% black TITLE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 36 pt / 40 pt, 95% black

11.5 mm

PODs ON-LINE VERSION AT

emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/ hepatitis-c-treatment

12 mm

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 141

Utute ma con poribus aperit

Igendae poraepe ditium que vitis aut que re, voluta sume doluptatur repti sum rem ea poria sante omnite dolecta tusam, solenes ecatur, ut fugia dolut et voluptaquam laut quissim volessit amus abore es pratem. Name volore prae quam ium erum qui dolorporem rerum quidus.Bus re voluptatiae eos apernamet odigend icaboria pe sitium fugit volorro consequ ationse simus eum corum volore, omnia volestiunte ipitas renitatur a vides est, quas ut optatus aut dita pratur? Nam id maximusame licipsae dolorporent reratur?Ebissitis ea quia qui sitatio ipsum excerov idignisit aspictatur? Uga. Ipsam fugit eos velique nessin pre pe remquodi volo bla que essedi cumquatum rectorro et et am que porat fugita cusandis aut magnis vel millest orerum faci nihit volum quiae con pro magnime voloreptur aspe re ex ex ea vendipi tibuscim natus dolenime alia doluptam, et eum, quatum rem hillis vendem qui corum ut ium volor res simt.

Velliquodit quae si reprae nimincim ilit omnimus

Front cover specifications INTRO TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 13 pt / 17 pt, 80% black

This page shows the placement of the various elements on the front cover of an edition in the Perspectives on Drugs (PODS) series (online publication), along with detailed measurements and font specifications.

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142 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS | Publication title construction

Publication title construction

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS

Publication titleE shown on two linesp PODS TITLE CONSTRUCTION Due to various fonts and sizes used in the title, the distance of the vertical line from the adjacent text is slightly larger, constructed using the length of the middle bar of capital letter E, as shown here.

The title should be as large as possible within the designated title area and should not exceed four lines. The vertical line must be constructed exactly as shown here. The font must not be distorted. The letter spacing must be set at a ratio of -10 / +10, optical kerning.

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Interior layout | PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 143

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS Publication title

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

Heading 1 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

HEADING LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 17 pt, 80% black

Heading 2 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

HEADING LEVEL 2 Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

Interior layout Perspectives on Drugs are online

12 mm

89.5 mm

7 mm

89.5 mm

12 mm

publications which use a twocolumn layout. One secondary

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS Publication title

colour from the EMCDDA palette

29.5 mm Modelling studies have been used to provide insight into the potential effectiveness of different hepatitis C interventions. These show, for example, that it may be difficult for opioid substitution treatment and high-coverage1 needle and syringe programmes to achieve substantial reductions in hepatitis C prevalence. Modelling the scale-up of both interventions for the United Kingdom (with 40 % baseline chronic hepatitis C prevalence among the target population) shows that they are unlikely to decrease substantially the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C after 10 years, unless the coverage of each intervention is increased to 80 % or over (Vickerman et al., 2012).

Hepatitis C treatment as prevention

Strategies to improve treatment and care

15 mm

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 143

I Conclusion

dominates on a rotation basis.

I Facts and figures Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV)

The text is always justified left, without

The incubation period for hepatitis C is 2 weeks to 6 months; following initial infection, approximately 80 % of people do not exhibit any symptoms

hyphenation. Two levels of heading are possible, including the main

Approximately 150 million people worldwide have chronic HCV infection*

chapter title. Headings should never

Between 18 % and 80 % of injecting drug users in Europe are infected with HCV About 75–85 % of newly infected individuals develop chronic disease and 60–70 % of those with chronic HCV infection develop chronic liver disease; 5–20 % develop cirrhosis and 1–5 % die from cirrhosis or liver cancer. In 25 % of liver cancer patients, the underlying cause is hepatitis C

be placed too close to the bottom of the column (a minimum of two lines of body text must be left under any

Ignat. Ilitatio excea num coreicto coratiusa pre alis ut faccus alique net laut laboreius dolupid uscipsam ium haruntium quo doluptaquas dem quis unt, totat.

headline before the end of a column;

*Source: WHO (2012), Hepatitis C. Fact sheet 164.

This POD draws attention to the high levels of HCV infection among injecting drug users, both as an urgent public health priority, and as a field that has recently seen major advances in medical interventions. If hepatitis C treatments for injecting drug users are to be effective, they will need to be embedded in and delivered as part of a comprehensive package of interventions. The design and assessment of these responses, however, will require improvements in the access to and quality of information on the uptake of hepatitis C treatment among injecting drug users. An important area for future investigation will be to review the uptake of hepatitis C treatment among drug injectors, and identify and challenge any barriers that prevent them from receiving an adequate and equitable service. The design and assessment of these responses, however, will require improvements in the access to and quality of information on the uptake of hepatitis C treatment among injecting drug users. An important area for future investigation will be to review the uptake of hepatitis C treatment among drug injectors, and identify and challenge any barriers that prevent them from receiving an adequate and equitable service.

New recruitment into heroin use now appears to be on the decline

For vertical line construction see page Current treatment and new hepatitis C medicines The goal of treatment is to eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in order to prevent the complications of HCV-related liver disease, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, cancer and death. The standard of care for hepatitis C treatment is injectable pegylated-interferon-alpha (pegIFN-alpha) 2a or 2b combined with ribavirin oral therapy, so-called peg-INF-riba. However, much research has been conducted into new hepatitis C medicines, predominantly focusing on two areas: (i) treatments that target the virus and (ii) interferon-free regimes. Direct-acting antiviral agents target particular stages in the life cycle of the virus in order to stop it from being able to replicate. There are two main areas of research in this field. The first is concerned with drugs or therapies, known as protease or polymerase inhibitors, which block particular proteins on the virus. The second area of research involves drugs that interfere with the genetic structure of the virus. Research is currently being carried out into inhibitors that can interrupt the activity of the enzymes linked with the replication of the hepatitis C virus. Since 2011, direct-acting antiviral agents have been considered as the standard treatment option for hepatitis C (administered in combination with

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the optimum is five lines or more).

008–011 of this Technical annex. peg-INF-riba). The two most widely used are telaprevir and boceprevir. However, the costs of antiviral medicines remain high – potentially presenting a barrier for individuals wishing to initiate or continue hepatitis C treatment. There are many new hepatitis C medicines in the pipeline, often showing promising results, and entering phase II and III clinical trials. These new hepatitis C treatments aim to improve on the older treatment regimes in a number of ways. They can be taken orally rather than injected; they are taken once a day rather than two times a day or more; the side-effects of the medication are likely to be significantly reduced; and treatment has a shorter duration – it is expected that a sustained virological response in 90 % to 100 % of patients will be achieved within 12 weeks, much faster than in current treatment regimes. It is hoped that these improvements will both increase uptake of treatment and 5 in / 6treatment. facilitate retention The possibility of developing a therapeutic vaccine, which would prevent the development of chronic HCV infection following repeat exposures is feasible and being investigated, although a long way off at present, according a recent review (Grebely et al., 2012).

Graphics Most graphics flow with the text and, if small, are placed within one column. They can also be placed across a two-column space, always at the top or bottom of the page. There will be cases when larger graphics need to be placed next to specific textual content. This is

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not always easy to achieve and the layout needs to be planned carefully.

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144 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS | Headers and pagination 12 mm

SERIES Trivia Sans Light (upper case), 7.5 pt, 80% black PUBLICATION TITLE Trivia Sans Medium, 7.5 pt, 80% black

10.15 mm 18 mm

VERTICAL LINE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 7.5 pt, 160.3% height adjustment, baseline shift -1.582 pt, colour based on the Series For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex. Series and Publication title bottom sits on white line

PAGINATION Trivia Sans Medium, 9 pt, 80% black

Headers and pagination The headers and pagination in this series are consistent with those designed for online publications. They use the selected dominant colour of the publication as the

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS Publication title I

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS Publication title

Lorem Ipsum Magnus

Similar to the comprehensive responses that have been put in place to control the HIV epidemic, a multidisciplinary response to HCV is required. This would need to include the provision of testing, the co-location of HCV and opioid substitution treatment, and mental health care. In addition, use of case management, support services and provider education and training would need to be considered to improve hepatitis C care and enhance treatment uptake and adherence for injecting drug users. Finally, an increased focus on improving patients’ education about the long-term consequences of HCV-related liver disease and the availability of effective treatment would be important components for expanding HCV assessment and treatment for this population group.

Rorerum quam invenissimil et volore sam aut ut a dolorrore cus dignatur s citiame et aborios sitat eos dita a verum eum quam, quasped quaspienda officiu nderovite nosam et fuga. Rest, tem. Si alit essim lab illabo. Iquidun I Hepatitis C treatment as prevention cor aped qui as doluptatem aut earia etur, quo tota volleste nectatet volup Reducing HCV prevalence and transmission quiation is a key public porum facea quistion prerum volupti repeliquatem rem vendus, q health target, and this can benefit from investigation of the repedisimos explige nectia coribus exerio. Estius exerati sus unt fugia dem feasibility and possibility of scaling up hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users in Europe, alongside exploring models of how this scale up can be put in place and evaluated. Emerging advances in the treatment of hepatitis C, including the use of direct-acting antiviral agents and interferon-free treatment regimes (see box), alongside a growing evidence base for the effectiveness of the existing strategies as described above, indicate the potential to treat hepatitis C among injecting drug users. Furthermore, modelling studies point to the possibility of reducing the transmission of the virus among injecting drug users (Martin et al., 2011) through hepatitis C therapy, with one study suggesting a 13 % reduction in hepatitis C prevalence over 10 years as a result of treating 10 infections per year per 1 000 injecting drug users in injecting drug use populations with 40 % prevalence.

I Conclusion This POD draws attention to the high levels of HCV infection among injecting drug users, both as an urgent public health priority, and as a field that has recently seen major advances in medical interventions. If hepatitis C treatments for injecting drug users are to be effective, they will need to be embedded in and delivered as part of a comprehensive package of interventions. The design and assessment of these responses, however, will require improvements in the access to and quality of information on the uptake of hepatitis C treatment among injecting drug users. An important area for future investigation will be to review the uptake of hepatitis C treatment among drug injectors, and identify and challenge any barriers that prevent them from receiving an adequate and equitable service. The design and assessment of these responses, however, will require improvements in the access to and quality of information on the uptake of hepatitis C treatment among injecting drug users. An important area for future investigation will be to review the uptake of hepatitis C treatment among drug injectors, and identify and challenge any barriers that prevent them from receiving an adequate and equitable service.

Lorem Ipsum Magnus

Rorerum quam invenissimil et volore sam aut ut a dolorrore cus dignatur s citiame et aborios sitat eos dita a verum eum quam, quasped quaspienda officiu nderovite nosam et fuga. Rest, tem. Si alit essim lab illabo. Iquidun cor aped qui as doluptatem aut earia etur, quo tota volleste nectatet volup quiation porum facea quistion prerum volupti repeliquatem rem vendus, q I Strategies to improve treatment and care repedisimos explige nectia coribus exerio. Estius exerati sus unt fugia dem There is international recognition of the need for a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to hepatitis C treatment quam invenissimil et volore sam aut ut a dolorrore cus dignatur sequi omn to increase the availability and uptake of treatment among injecting drug users. In spite of the burden of disease and recent aborios sitat eos dita a verum eum quam, quasped quaspiendae. Et et ma improved treatment outcomes for hepatitis C patients, available data show treatment uptake to be very low in this group. There nosam et fuga. Rest, tem. Si alit essim lab illabo. Iquiduntem uta nderovite are a number of reasons why this might be the case. aped qui as doluptatem aut earia etur, quo tota volleste nectatet voluption Practitioners cite concerns of adherence, risk of exacerbation porumafter facea quistion prerum volupti repeliquatem rem vendus, quam lab of psychiatric disorder and the potential for reinfection New recruitment into treatment as reasons for not assessing or treating HCV in repedisimos explige nectia coribus exerio. Estius exerati sus unt fugia dem injecting drug users (Edlin et al., 2001; Soriano et al., 2002). Furthermore, on the part of patients, poor knowledge about HCV/treatment availability, the absence of noticeable symptoms (Grebely et al., 2011) and the perceived side effects of treatment (Swan et al., 2010) are considerable barriers for accessing HCV care. Finally, up until recently current drug injecting was an exclusion criterion for receiving

heroin use now appears to be on the decline

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10 mm

accent colour. 12 mm

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References | PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 145 69 mm

3 mm

198 mm 0 mm

18 mm

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS Publication title

129 mm 8 mm

29.5 mm

References

At least 85 million adult Europeans have used an illicit drug at some point in their lives, representing around a quarter of Europe’s adult population

Pouget, E.R., Hagan, H. and Des Jarlais. (2012), Meta-analysis of hepatitis C seroconversion in relation to shared syringes and drug preparation equipment. Addiction, 107(6), 1057-1065.

References are set in a one-column

in the selected dominant colour of the

References are generally placed at the end

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black SOURCE Trivia Sans Medium Italic, 9 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

References

layout, as shown here. A vertical line publication marks the start of each entry. of the publication. To make the page more lively, a quotation may be placed in the white space as shown here.

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EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 145

REFERENCES Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, white, vertically centered on box, box height 8 mm

15 mm

For construction of the vertical line see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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146 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS | Last page and legal notice

PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS Publication title

18 mm

HEADING Trivia Sans Medium, 14 pt / 16 pt, grey (R 90 / G 90 / B 90)

33.5 mm

TEXT Trivia Sans Book / Book Italic, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

LEGAL NOTICE Place the provided file LegalNotice_on-line.indd

DIVIDER LINE 1 mm thick, 100% publication colour

202 mm

Last page and legal notice

doi: 10.0000/00000 ISBN: 000-00-0000-000-0 ISSN: 0000-0000 Catalogue number: XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

Perspectives on drugs are online

This publication is only available in electronic format.

publications. There are no divider pages and no spine. The legal notice is placed on the last page and not in the front matter

279 mm

EMCDDA, Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

11.5 mm

18 mm

as in printed publications.

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SERIES MANUALS

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148 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MANUALS | Overview

MANUALS EN ISSN 0000-0000

Publication title shown on three lines

Manuals Type: Series, Manuals, Green line Colours: EMCDDA primary colours plus secondary colour EMCDDA Green Format: 210 mm × 210 mm

Cea quuntia verest, etur aliquibust facernat modit laut quis esto

Primary output: Print Layout: Two-column layout Tables: EMCDDA Green

(varying percentages) Graphics: Predominantly EMCDDA Green + full colour palette as required (e.g. maps, figures, infographics) The following pages describe the layout features, colours and typography of this publication. An Adobe InDesign template is available with all graphic elements to facilitate close observance of the design rules.

Basic colours EU Blue

Basic backgrounds Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Green

Background Grey

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Green 40% EMCDDA Green

For more information, see page 3.30.

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Front cover specifications | MANUALS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 149 16 mm

16 mm, for perfect binding 3.5 mm

14 mm

21 mm

14 mm 3.5 mm

ISSN 0000-0000

14 mm

Publication title shown on three lines

Trivia Sans Book, 10.5 pt, 55% black 4.5 mm

Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt, leading 100% font size, optical kerning, 95% black Trivia Sans Book, 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black

Cea quuntia verest, etur aliquibust facernat modit laut quis esto TITLE AREA – right edge of the area for the title 80% page width

Trivia Sans Medium, 19 pt, white, horizontally centred in green box

MANUALS EN

80%

Trivia Sans Light, 101 pt, publication colour

14 mm

Front cover specifications This page shows the placement of the various elements on the front cover of a Manuals publication, along with detailed measurements and font specifications.

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150 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MANUALS | Publication title construction

E x

Publication title construction The title should be as large as possible within the designated title area and should

Publication title shown on three linesp

20 mm

Cea quuntia verest, etur aliquibust facernat modit laut quis esto

not exceed four lines. The vertical line must be constructed exactly as shown here. The font must not be distorted. The letter spacing must be set at a ratio of -10 / +10, optical kerning.

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Publication title construction | MANUALS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 151

Publication title shown on three lines Cea quuntia verest, etur aliquibust facernat modit laut quis esto

Publication title construction The typography in the title should not be distorted.

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152 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MANUALS | Back cover and spine 12 mm

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND

centred on spine width

logo width 18 mm

For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

27 mm

HEADING Trivia Sans Medium, 11 pt / 13 pt, 100% black 59.5 mm +7.44 mm

About this publication

PUBLICATION TITLE Publication subtitle, publication subtitle, publication subtitle (second edition)

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

MANUALS

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

The ‘About this publication’ title sits on a white line and the rest of the text flows freely.

About the EMCDDA [Ut liquis esequi sequia doluptat re simintibus, occum ipsande bitata iurese solum dicid qui antotat aut excestrum asit delitiis vellam voluptatet evelent iumquias acearum fugit abo. Volorat et voluptae vid erum coreste susapernat hictat volupta tquatempore, ut hil maximenim eostiost quibusciate dolorrumquid modit fugitatiorum quia corum ab illor alitas et alitatum cuptis dolupta tiatis et quam, cum harciur rat.]

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

Spine The minimum width of the spine is 4 mm.

30 mm

12 mm

The spine carries the publication title and the subtitle. If the subtitle is too long to fit, it may be abbreviated by EMCDDA staff or omitted. In cases where the spine is wide (12 mm or more), the publication title and the subtitle may be placed on two lines if required.

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Title page and inside covers | MANUALS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 153

60 mm

20 mm

GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU

Lorem ipsum

In person

All over the European Union there are hundreds of Europe Direct information centres. You can find the address of the centre nearest you at: http://europa.eu/contact

On the phone or by e-mail Europe Direct is a service that answers your questions about the European Union. You can contact this service

68 mm

Publication title shown on three lines

•

Lorem ipsum

Cea quuntia verest, etur aliquibust facernat modit laut quis esto

by freephone: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (certain operators may charge for these calls)

•

at the following standard number: +32 22999696 or

•

by electronic mail via: http://europa.eu/contact

FINDING INFORMATION ABOUT THE EU

Online Information about the European Union in all the official languages of the EU is available on the Europa website at: http://europa.eu

EU law and related documents For access to legal information from the EU, including all EU law since 1951 in all the official language versions, go to EUR-Lex at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu

The EU Open Data Portal (http://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data) provides access to datasets from the EU. Data can be downloaded and reused for free, both for commercial and

14 mm

Open data from the EU

non-commercial purposes.

14 mm

Title page

E x

PublicationE title shown on three linesp

The title on the title page is constructed in the same way as on the front cover, scaled PUBLICATION TITLE Scaled constraining proportions from cover page to fit into the designated area, 40% black

TABLE ‘GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU’ Place the provided file Getting in touch and Legal Notice.indd

to fit inside the column area as shown. The subtitle is always set at 20 pt / 24 pt and 18 mm below the main title. Inside covers The inside covers are Background Grey

18 mm

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Trivia Sans Book, 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black

(8% black). The inside back cover carries additional information on ‘Getting in touch with the EU’.

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154 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MANUALS | Legal notice and contents pages ‘CONTENTS’ HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 15 pt, 80% black PAGE NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 14 pt, 80% black CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 14 pt, 80% black CHAPTER CONTENTS Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 9 pt / 14 pt, 80% black 20 mm

60 mm

LEGAL NOTICE Place the provided file Getting in touch and Legal Notice.indd 28.5 mm

I Contents

Preface

Introductory note and acknowledgements

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, year

For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EMCDDA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

29 Print

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/00000

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

PDF

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/000000

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EPUB

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/000000

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

HTML

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/000000

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59 Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (year), publication title, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

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I I I I I

SUMMARY Fernam quuntis none mi, offic to omnienist CHAPTER 1 Dcus aut estia dolorempor CHAPTER 2 Doloreperro od untiur secuptatu CHAPTER 3 Rblaborem aut fugit CHAPTER 4 Dictus molupta ANNEX Nestia dolorempor

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

Legal notice and contents pages The legal notice and content pages are fixed layouts in EMCDDA publications. For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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Divider page and front matter | MANUALS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 155

60 mm

20 mm

Divider page

I Forword The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the central reference point for drug information in the European Union. Set up in 1993, and based in Lisbon, its role is to provide the EU and its Member States with objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. It is one of the EU’s decentralised agencies.

The grey-lined background is used for

Evidence-based information on drugs is one of the most vital tools at our disposal today to address this global challenge. By offering information of this kind within the EU, the EMCDDA helps policy-makers, researchers and specialists in the field understand the nature of the problem and formulate appropriate responses.

The divider page may remain empty or

the divider page before the foreword. can carry a quotation.

At the heart of the Centre’s work are efforts to improve the comparability of drug information across Europe and to devise the methods and tools required to achieve this. As a result of efforts to date, countries can now view how they fit into the wider European picture and examine common problems and goals.

Foreword

The foreword should follow a standard, onecolumn text layout, with the left margin set at 60 mm and the right at 20 mm. A preface

I Acknowledgements

or executive summary would follow the

Providing an accurate and up-to-date picture of this ever-changing landscape forms the cornerstone of the agency’s activities under its 2004–06 work programme. Although a great deal has already been achieved, much remains to be done to perfect monitoring instruments and develop a truly ‘common language’ with which to describe this European and global phenomenon.

same design as the foreword.

Acknowledgements Acknowledgments have a fixed layout in the Manuals. New content should be introduced into the existing design without changing the overall look or adding new graphic motifs or typographical styles. For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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156 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MANUALS | Part divider and part title pages

30 mm

PART NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 180.2 pt, EU Blue Number sits on a white line.

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

PART Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt / 30 pt, EU Blue PART HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 28 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

30 mm

20 mm

30 mm

PART I

Pe poreper natinctae odigen

54 mm

95 mm

CHAPTER 1

Pe poreper natinctae

Part divider and part title pages

CHAPTER 2

Natinctae ne odigend

The beginning of each publication part starts with special pages, which are consistent throughout the series.

CHAPTER 3

Sporeper natinctae ne odin CHAPTER 4

Volenis aut volupt

The left divider page features the grey-lined background with the part number in roman numerals in large scale (180.2 pt) placed in

EU Blue, as specified here. The right page contains the part number in EU Blue and the title in 80% black, followed by the numbers and names of the following chapters. The typography is justified right with the vertical lines to the right of the

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 14.5 pt / 17 pt, 80% black CHAPTER NAME Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

chapter names in EMCDDA Green.

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Chapter divider with contents and chapter title pages | MANUALS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 157 CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 188.9 pt, EMCDDA Green

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND 65.65 mm from top of the page. For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

35 mm

65.65 mm 80 mm

13 I

Contents

Fernam quuntis none mi, offic to omnienist

Fernam quuntiso omnienist

Fernam quuntis nonenist

Fernam quuntis none o omnienist

Ferntis none mi, mnienist

Fernam none mi, offic to omnienist

Fernam quuntis nto omnienist

Fernam quuffic to omnienist

Fernam quuntis none

INTRODUCTORY TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 13 pt / 17 pt, 80% black

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

CHAPTER HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 28 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

Chapter divider with contents

21 mm

The beginning of each chapter starts 19 mm

CHAPTER 1

throughout the Manuals series.

Chapter title

with special pages, which are consistent

40 mm

54 mm

Lorem ipsum

Oudissimus aut esti nostrunt inctempos volutem qui repedit, num, te essitem sed molut ilia pliciis ipsandi consedi bearunt apedipsam eos et labo. Litem destem facessim dit ut aligent.

The left divider page features the grey-lined background in the top area of the page with the chapter number placed in EMCDDA Green as specified here (the bottom of the

Ehendi doluptisitis solut alic to min eum dolumquissit omnihilla quatem venda volupta cor si alit pel et delessequi veris a sit es everuptamus, as dollauta as dis volore dolorpor aliquam usciandaest fugita velitiur accatet eum seque parchicid quiam nonsedia quos pratem lic te cusandebitae pe nobitat atusantis net, occum vernatur, sendi dolupta nest ant omnim vitatae entur abores res a velleniet ea solor auta conet essusam quatiusam quos vel et etur, ipsandia si ditam, estrum incto explati beaquati delest, culparione pero in rae voluptat untiis etur atest assimen ihitaspedic te pedion re venis ad quasper emporep uditiossit, officip santium audantiumquo vid exerro is consenis voluptatur sit et offic to comnim dolest, nustis vid estistrum harum ut rem. Pa quam facient quia simus re ius id unt con ped mos veliam, ipsaepr ercit, et officim nimende as comnim fuga. Imporecae id ellore derita doluptincid et ut et imolectem qui totatiasi omnis es net aliam re et plit pratiosant aspero tem volo commolu ptaero quia destrum, quatissus ipsandit accum hil ilia qui ullaborio magnis doluptatus se si voluptatur? Nonsed earum, offic toremperio. Obitaesto omnis nimilla borero minullis duscid que dolorectur, tem quos eos excepeliquam atet ilisciist, cus imint ma asperrunt.

number sits on the grey field, exactly 65.65 mm from the top). The divider page can sometimes be adapted to contain a separate table of contents relating to the chapter. In such cases, it is placed on a plain grey field. This page shows the placement of the contents, aligning the vertical lines with the centre of the chapter number. 19 mm 7

For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex. Chapter title page

CHAPTER CONTENTS HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 15 pt, 80% black PAGE NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black CHAPTER CONTENTS Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 9 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

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The right page contains the chapter number and title, followed by an introductory text and the body text in a two-column layout. The title is justified left and uses the space of a one-column layout.

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158 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MANUALS | Interior layout – one-column

ONE-COLUMN PAGE MARGINS top: 28.5 mm bottom: 20 mm outside: 20 mm inside: 60 mm text area: 130 × 163 mm

inside 60 mm

130 mm

outside 20 mm

HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 15 pt, 80% black TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

28 mm

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the central reference point for drug information in the European Union. Set up in 1993, and based in Lisbon, its role is to provide the EU and its Member States with objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. It is one of the EU’s decentralised agencies. Evidence-based information on drugs is one of the most vital tools at our disposal today to address this global challenge. By offering information of this kind within the EU, the EMCDDA helps policy-makers, researchers and specialists in the field understand the nature of the problem and formulate appropriate responses. At the heart of the Centre’s work are efforts to improve the comparability of drug information across Europe and to devise the methods and tools required to achieve this. As a result of efforts to date, countries can now view how they fit into the wider European picture and examine common problems and goals.

Interior layout – one-column The one-column layout is used mainly for special sections such as prefaces, forewords and acknowledgements. However, it can

163 mm

A key feature of the drug phenomenon is its shifting, dynamic nature, and tracking new developments is a central task of the EMCDDA. During its first 10 years (1993–2003), the Centre recorded changes both in the nature of the drug problem and in countries’ responses and policies. While the agency identified key differences in this period, it also witnessed the emergence of common patterns and trends. Providing an accurate and up-to-date picture of this ever-changing landscape forms the cornerstone of the agency’s activities under its 2004–06 work programme. Although a great deal has already been achieved, much remains to be done to perfect monitoring instruments and develop a truly ‘common language’ with which to describe this European and global phenomenon.

also be used when the content provided is too complex (e.g. many individual graphics and complex imagery). During the layout process, white space may be left in the text, allowing the page to ‘breathe’.

19 mm

The text is always justified left, without hyphenation. Graphics in the one-column layout are placed on the full width of the column space.

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Interior layout – two-column | MANUALS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 159

CHAPTER 1

Heading 1 – Agniatibus

inside 21 mm

84.5 mm

gutter 7 mm

84.5 mm

outside 13 mm

19 mm

CHAPTER 1

Heading 2 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis verciam quis pe quatae

Heading 3 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis

Chapter title

CHAPTER NUMBER LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt / 30 pt, 80% black Lorem ipsum

CHAPTER NAME / HEADING LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 28 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

Oudissimus aut esti nostrunt inctempos volutem qui repedit, num, te essitem sed molut ilia pliciis ipsandi consedi bearunt apedipsam eos et labo. Litem destem facessim dit ut aligent.

HEADING LEVEL 2 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 15 pt, 65% black

HEADING LEVEL 3 Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

Interior layout – two-column Although the Manuals combine oneand two-column layouts, the two-column layout dominates. Three levels of heading are possible, including the main chapter title. Headings should never be placed too close to the bottom of the column (a minimum of two 7

19 mm

lines of body text must be left under any headline before the end of a column; the optimum is five lines or more). For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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160 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MANUALS | Interior layout

MANUALS Publication title

Graphics

Lorem ipsum

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Most graphics flow with the text and, if small, are placed within one column. They can also be placed across a twocolumn space, always at the top or bottom of the page. There will be cases, when larger graphics need to be placed next to specific textual content. This is not always easy to achieve and the layout needs to be planned

Lorem ipsum, biscia quaerio et quid ut laborem

carefully. During this process, white space may be left in the text columns, allowing the layout to ‘breathe’. Alternatively, quotations may also be placed in the white spaces.

Chapter No. Chapter title

FIGURE 1 Lorem ipsum

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2004

2005

2006

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2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

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quas maximusam, sapic te non consequi cum qui occaest, et utatet et et abore si con re, ullor magnient qui id quunt, quatem eribus dolut et vellaut entias eum quibus auditas voluptat eici dolor nemperi orestisit, conempe ditas della voloreped quas ru mquodia vendandempe es et ea nim saeri dendige nimaximus, quodi officti blam ventum ut as ra nes nemperi orestisit, conempe ditas della voloreped quas ipsum iliqui te est alique nis alit alit dernatur, utate coresequide nobitatiunt nemperi orestisit, conempe ditas della voloreped quas quiam as nus, optatia sequae di odis sitatin venditi repudandes velestemquat pos expello ommodis soluptium aut faces untotat esciur aliquostio volore, senectorum dolo offic tesciuri atio idia dolest as seque re es iur, sit, cum autectur

ribusapienis dendite adi ipicto bea doluptatia nistiae cones am, sit ut eossecum dolupturibus molore sedi as dolore ea que dolor res ea sincimp oremporiam cus debitiore voluptatur, escimus, commo con ped mos veliam, ipsaepr ercit, et officim nimende luptat dolut ut ut moluptatur sus moles non perepel igenis dolescipis atur autes repudaeptate dia explignam, est, quia que pel inciet eum quam, occum dolorerspedi tet prate lis sum atisitatqui cum idebis moditas modi consequi alissi dolectiam que prem ipsae cus, vent, susae. Um quaessi tatquun testius exerior iberes nimporerum re reiurio reroratem hicipsunt que sint omnis dolorio. Dolupti scilliatia debitatem quatempos dem voluptatem doluptu rianden tiandunt fuga. Peria quam, omnisti nis nonemque asitas autaquatem velic tem. Nam quid ulpa comnit, aut dit, qui dolor sit, cor asincie nissim fugiatione as solorerum am, et res expliatur, sed magnat. Sit venestiant ut qui sim qui ommodis voluptaspel in name voles modi di omnis acero molupta voloreium rectotatem facerum eium rendenda nis et volut volora non con eari conseque comnihil molorum fuga. Nem. Temporp orepero bere omnis asimil mi, tenihilit, cor sum ilit ut landi

Text The text is always justified left, without hyphenation. See page 158 for heading levels.

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con ped mos ercit, officimvernatur, nimende cusandebitae pe veliam, nobitat ipsaepr atusantis net,etoccum bistrum que omnis quientur id maio. Evelia sendi dolupta nest ant nobis omnimquate vitatae abores resadit, to ut re Headers and pagination | MANUALS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 161 estiossitis aut quia alition pro volor a doluptatum a velleniet ea solor autadolorpor conet essusam quatiusam cyscas ipiet rero odsiutditam, aut estrum incto explati quos vel reptat et etur,eos ipsandia mod beaquati delest, culparione pero in rae voluptat untiis etur MANUALS m atest assimen ihitaspedic te pedion re venis ad quasper Trivia Sans Medium (upper case), 6 mm 6 mm 7.5 pt, 80% black emporep uditiossit, officip santium audantiumquo vid PUBLICATION TITLE exerro is consenis voluptatur sit et offic to comnim dolest, Trivia Sans Light, 7.5 pt, 80% black 10 mm nustis vid estistrum harum ut rem. Pa quam facient CHAPTER NUMBER MANUALS I Publication title Chapter No. I Chapter title Trivia Sans Light, 7.5 pt, 80% black quia simus re ius id unt con ped mos veliam, ipsaepr CHAPTER NAME ercit, et officim nimende as comnim fuga. Imporecae id Trivia Sans Medium, 7.5 pt, 80% black Sit venestiant ut qui sim qui ommodis voluptaspel in name eostiundio. ndite adi ipicto bea doluptatia nistiae nonet ipienimo ellore Picilis rehenditem in reprept atibusdae comnimintem derita doluptincid et ut et imolectem qui totatiasi VERTICAL LINE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 7.5 pt, 160.3% voles modi di omnis acero molupta voloreium rectotatem am, sit ut eossecum dolupturibus molore sedi as xpelite doluptatemomnis dolorum conecate prae quas rese cus dipiciatum nem nim es net aliam re et plit pratiosant aspero tem volo vertical scale, baseline shift -1.582 pt, based on the Series) facerum eium rendenda nis et volut non con ea que dolor res(colour ea sincimp oremporiam cus de ent oditio. Icipsamcommolu qui voluptam harchitatur. Offi cienis amvolora con explign iendit ptaero quia destrum, quatissus ipsandit accum For vertical line construction see page eari comnihil molorum fuga. Nem. Temporp voluptatur, escimus, commoluptat dolut ut ut mo eatur alis sit, voloreh enditi dis mintisdoluptatus accum anisse autemquis evelibus hil ilia qui conseque ullaborio magnis si voluptatur? 008–011 of this Technical annex. asimil mi, tenihilit, cor sum ilit utnon landi sus moles non perepel igenis dolescipis atur aut tet venihicatia in orepero es earum, eum bere autempe reiumquas int labore, si blandigni Nonsed offiomnis c toremperio. Obitaesto omnis nimilla natiatia ditas denduci tem licietquos quas dequas dis sinulla con pliae moluptatus endest con ped mos veliam otatur, volorio exvoloratam, exerum Cum eumquodist, sequati simo et borero minullisfuga. duscid que dolorectur, eos tectios venimus ciento volorrum utlabo. etur? Qui corum quam, ercit, et officim nimende, ut ommolut quae magn tatia nistiae conesexcepeliquam exerfernat. Ehendia mustem. Itatum atet ilisciist, cus imint ma asperrunt. nissecto maiora voluptatur? hitibus denderc hitatum aut adis dercient alibus e sedi as dolore aspe vernam, que nullias aut occupta tempora t cus debitiore 10 7 Os eiunto ipis quis doluptatat quodigenis esto occum isquaturem eatquam volo inti doluptatur? s veliam, ipsaepr Lorem ipsum 13 mm 9.5 mm PAGINATION quis mo delit qui volupta temodi dolut ese eat t moluptatur Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, volupta 55% black, baseline at 9.5 mm from bottom of the page, 1.5 mm doluptaeipsae volupta quoditi odiaect isimenit, quovolupti tem quas atur autes Itatestore officab iur, cullaut etum quatia dis from the vertical line Headers and pagination ut aut aut qui samus voluptiat facestibus derovidi ue pel inciet eum molorepudic te eaque vere nos sae peditati ea to bero explaut Lorem ipsum PAGINATION VERTICAL LINE 11.5 mm 1.5 mm The headers and pagination in the Manuals 13 mm long from bottom of page, quid quame ameint aut que est, volori veniend um atisitatqui cum dolupta id et maio verumquis voluptate magnis ipisciis 1 pt thick, 100% EMCDDA Greendoluptat series are those designed for printed publications. use the Greenes expellaut istiberum fugiti reperum fuga. Ut fugiamraetsunt, magnis andi ctiam que prem harum et fugiatem illuptaeptam quiandis sitiist, biscia quaerio etThey quid ut EMCDDA laborem as the accent colour. odiae ped eliberro consectotas essin nus, ut porerem un testius exerior con parumen ihicto berum dist, volupta dit magnihil ea quo laborei cidisti osandae as rero maxim rem nat officitiis aut quidel idiatur icipsunt que sint offioluptaquibus caborem quesenimaiocum, voloremquae ut dolorestist eium harunt. pos ad quame eiusa conecullabo. Ut occum fu aut voluptatusda voleni opti aut perum is audipsande vid m quatempos dem Nam eos explibus vitiam ut qui bearum harchi EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 161 18/06/2018 17:06 et quatur, culparum. a. Peria quam, est inctaecernam rereces et reperum volor sum I

MANUALS Publication title

Lorem ipsum

Chapter No. Chapter title

eostiundio. ndite adi ipicto bea doluptatia nistiae cones am, sit ut eossecum dolupturibus molore sedi as dolore ea que dolor res ea sincimp oremporiam cus debitiore voluptatur, escimus, commoluptat dolut ut ut moluptatur sus moles non perepel igenis dolescipis atur autes Erum con pliae moluptatus endest con ped mos veliam, ipsaepr ercit, et officim nimende, ut ommolut quae magnihiciat hitibus denderc hitatum aut adis dercient alibus dunt et aspe vernam, que nullias aut occupta tempora tiusam si isquaturem eatquam volo inti doluptatur?

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I I

Acimintem ati blaut voluptat labo. Hitem nonet ipienimo viduntia dolori doluptam rem ut verum expelite doluptatem remperc hilibus eosapiendus, quistia dolent oditio. Icipsam volut omnimos quatiunda cullaborro exceatur alis sit, sa quistibusa id moluptae pelitam qui di tet venihicatia ni debitiume con placea sed es eum lic totatur, volorio ribusapienis dendite adi ipicto bea doluptatia nistiae cones am, sit ut eossecum dolupturibus molore sedi as dolore ea que dolor res ea sincimp oremporiam cus debitiore voluptatur, escimus, commo con ped mos veliam, ipsaepr ercit, et officim nimende luptat dolut ut ut moluptatur sus moles non perepel igenis dolescipis atur autes repudaeptate dia explignam, est, quia que pel inciet eum quam, occum dolorerspedi tet prate lis sum atisitatqui cum idebis moditas modi consequi alissi dolectiam que prem ipsae cus, vent, susae. Um quaessi tatquun testius exerior iberes nimporerum re reiurio reroratem hicipsunt que sint omnis dolorio. Dolupti scilliatia debitatem quatempos dem voluptatem doluptu rianden tiandunt fuga. Peria quam, omnisti nis nonemque asitas autaquatem velic tem. Nam quid ulpa comnit, aut dit, qui dolor sit, cor asincie nissim fugiatione as solorerum am, et res expliatur, sed magnat.

Sit venestiant ut qui sim qui ommodis voluptaspel in name voles modi di omnis acero molupta voloreium rectotatem facerum eium rendenda nis et volut volora non con eari conseque comnihil molorum fuga. Nem. Temporp orepero bere omnis asimil mi, tenihilit, cor sum ilit ut landi voloratam, natiatia ditas denduci liciet quas de dis sinulla tectios venimus ciento volorrum ut etur? Qui corum quam, nissecto maiora voluptatur? Os eiunto ipis quis doluptatat quodigenis esto occum quis mo delit qui volupta temodi volupta dolut ese eat doluptae volupta quoditi odiaect isimenit, quo tem quas ut aut aut qui samus voluptiat facestibus ea derovidi quid quame ame aut que est, volori doluptat veniend istiberum fugiti reperum fuga. Ut fugiam et magnis andi odiae ped eliberro consectotas essin nus, ut porerem oluptaquibus senimaiocum, ut officitiis aut quidel idiatur aut voluptatusda voleni opti aut perum is audipsande vid et quatur, culparum.

As volupta si aut reiumque il explanda

Ciant officatem aut laborem id ute voluptatet ra cones si inctus excepre molest, quia diti aut ipsani dolum fugit restrumquia quos platibus quis a dia sinimet, offictatem nonem rehendite nimporent mo omnis ad maior as parions ecturia taeptaq uissit oditibusam in remoloreperi dolo totatem consed maximetur, aut videnis incim quos cus. Ratus quia con nitaqui volupta temporerum rem. Nimillaut poreium endior si demperibus explit eaquo et ium eveni imi, sin repellore molendam demporit aut laccaest el ius poratur accus volorum endigenectet magnatur sam accabor autatem.

I I

162 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MANUALS | References

inside 60 mm

130 mm

outside 20 mm

20 mm

REFERENCES Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, white, vertically centered on box, box height 8 mm TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black SOURCE Trivia Sans Medium Italic, 9 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

References References are set in a one-column

References

Pouget, E.R., Hagan, H. and Des Jarlais. (2012), Meta-analysis of hepatitis C seroconversion in relation to shared syringes and drug preparation equipment. Addiction, 107(6), 1057-1065.

163 mm

layout, as shown here. A vertical line in the EMCDDA Green marks the start of each

19 mm

entry. References are generally placed at the end of the publication. For construction of the vertical line see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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SERIES MONOGRAPHS

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MONOGRAPHS

Monographs

Colours: EMCDDA primary colours plus secondary colour EMCDDA Blue Format: 160 × 240 mm Primary output: Print Layout: One-column layout Tables: EMCDDA Blue (varying percentages) Graphics: Predominantly EMCDDA Blue

Title on two lines Les alique voluptatum re nim quias

ISSN 0000-0000

Type: Series, Monographs, Blue line

Basic colours EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Blue

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Blue

plus full colour palette as required (e.g. maps, figures, infographics) The following pages describe the layout features, colours and typography of this publication. An Adobe InDesign template is available with all graphic elements to facilitate close observance of the design rules.

Backgrounds

Background Grey

40% EMCDDA Blue

For more information, see page 3.31.

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Front cover specifications | MONOGRAPHS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 165

13.5 mm

11.5 mm for saddle stiched binding, 13.5 mm for perfect binding

3.5 mm

11.5 mm 17 mm

Trivia Sans Medium, 15.25 pt, white, horizontally centred in blue box

18.5 mm 3.5 mm

MONOGRAPHS

EN ISSN 0000-0000

18.5 mm

Title on two lines

Trivia Sans Book, 9.5 pt, 55% black 4.5 mm

TITLE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 30 pt, max 80 pt Leading 110% of font size optical kerning, 95% black.

20 mm

Les alique voluptatum re nim quias

Larger letters in the title are better, respecting designated space for title. TITLE AREA – right edge of the area for the title 80% page width

80%

SUBTITLE Trivia Sans Book, 17 pt / 22 pt, 80% black

Front cover specifications ISSUE NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 100 pt, EMCDDA Blue 13 mm

This page shows the placement of the various elements on the front cover of a Monographs publication, along with detailed measurements and font

13 mm

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 165

specifications.

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166 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MONOGRAPHS | Publication title construction

E x

Publication title construction The title should be as large as possible

Publication title shown on three linesp

20.1 mm

Les alique voluptatum re nim quias

within the designated title area and should not exceed four lines. The vertical line must be constructed exactly as shown here. The font must not be distorted. The letter spacing must be set at a ratio of -10 / +10, optical kerning.

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Publication title construction | MONOGRAPHS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 167

Publication title shown on three lines Les alique voluptatum re nim quias

Publication title construction The typography in the title should not be distorted.

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168 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MONOGRAPHS | Back cover and spine centred on spine width

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND

13 mm

logo width 13 mm

For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

HEADING Trivia Sans Medium, 11 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

39.2 mm 47 mm +7.44 mm

About this publication

About the EMCDDA

The exact placement of the elements on the back cover is specified here (printed

Publication subtitle

Back cover and spine

47 mm

PUBLICATION TITLE

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

MONOGRAPHS

The ‘About this publication’ title sits on a white line and the rest of the text flows freely.

publication). The multilingual logo is used here against a white background. The titles ‘About this publication’ and ‘About the EMCDDA’ are placed against the grey-lined background. The minimum width of the spine is 4 mm. The spine carries the publication title and the subtitle. If the subtitle is too long to fit, it may be abbreviated by EMCDDA staff or

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

simply omitted. In cases where the spine is wide (12 mm or more), the publication title and the subtitle may be placed on two lines if required.

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Title page and inside covers | MONOGRAPHS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 169 TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 8 pt / 12 pt, 100% black 18 mm

13 mm

MONOGRAPHS Publication title

23 mm

logo height 17 mm

Title on two lines Les alique voluptatum re nim quias

min 20 mm

Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur, que nimilic imendit quassit eatus, tota pore quiaspis et adiate nostecatur alitaes equiae re velesseque evendita conem et aut et aut vollamusam vel iliquiant, consequae et, et adi aliqui to ipsam rerchit, sed ut lates aped ullorem reheniet inctota voluptatium nimusa voluptatquis nemquam, el ea del ium escipsuntur, quas repremquam, sed qui dolupid ma que laccatest, ut pratestrum est liciatiosam qui dolupitam sit experiberiam est eossum que nobis eatquiatem illupti nem experum quibus expellatur, voloriae con consequae. Lit plicipsa poruptam fugitas dent.

65 mm

Editors Name Surname and Name Surname

Fero ilis auta sita di aute voles conestiam remque ipis vendi cupicid ullendit hic tem. Tur? Met que diam il iderit, cusciet voluptatat omnis nim essunt eationsequos rae earum adit voluptium quo et fuga. Harum facerae voluptur? Omnimuscitae postet voluptatent odiatiis

45 mm

13 mm

Solupta cusape dolecerumqui restem dolum consequisqui beremporeium haria que essin cum exces et as a velectatem essiti con res abora dolorru ptatem harcieni re, sum velita cone voluptas qui rem quam, sint molestiberum audaero rioreiu sciditate cor sunt laborro rercipsusam, audic tet id utet vid magnam delitata veritiam harci volorpo rporerf eriorib usapicabore, et quatis dolupta volor sinum quibus eossit ea quodiorest estibus.

References

GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU

Baumgartner, F. R. and Leech, B. L. (1998), Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and political science, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

In person

Bruun, K., Pan, L. and Rexed, I. (1975), The gentlemen’s club: International control of drugs and alcohol, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Direct information centres. You can find the address of the

Carbert, A. (2004), ‘Learning from experience: Activist reflections on ‘insider-outsider’ strategies’, Spotlight 4, Association for Women’s Rights in Development.

On the phone or by e-mail

the European Union. You can contact this service

Coffman, J., Hendricks, A., Kaye, J., Kelly, T. and Masters, B. (2007), The advocacy and policy change composite logic model to guide evaluation decisions, Harvard Family Research Project, Harvard.

Council of the European Union (2012), EU drugs strategy (2013–2020), CORDROGUE 101, doc. 17547/12.

European Commission (2006), Green paper on the role of civil society in drugs policy in the European Union, COM (2006) 316 final.

Hillebrand, J., Olszewski, D. and Sedefov, R. (2010), ‘Legal highs on the internet’, Substance Use & Misuse 45 (3), pp. 330–340.

from EU Bookshop at: http://bookshop.europa.eu.

I I I

Hindess, B. (2002), ‘Deficit by design’, Australian Journal of Public Administration 61(1), pp. 30–38.

contacting Europe Direct or your local information centre

Musto, D. F. (1999), The American disease: Origins of narcotics control, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

EU law and related documents

O’Gorman, A. and Moore, M. (2012), Mapping study of drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe (final report), EMCDDA, Lisbon (available at emcdda.europa.eu/publications/advocacy/mappingstudy).

EU law since 1951 in all the official language versions, go to

Reid, E. (1999), ‘Nonprofit advocacy and political participation’, in Boris, E. T. and Steuerle, C. E. (editors) Nonprofits and government: Collaboration and conflict, Urban Institute Press, D.C.

Reisman, J., Gienap, A. and Stachowiak, S. (2007), A guide to measuring advocacy and policy, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, Maryland.

Title onE two linesp

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 169

centre nearest you at: http://europa.eu/contact

Europe Direct is a service that answers your questions about •

by freephone: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (certain operators may charge for these calls)

•

at the following standard number: +32 22999696 or

•

by electronic mail via: http://europa.eu/contact

FINDING INFORMATION ABOUT THE EU

Online Information about the European Union in all the official languages of the EU is available on the Europa website at: http://europa.eu

EU publications You can download or order free and priced EU publications Multiple copies of free publications may be obtained by (see http://europa.eu/contact)

For access to legal information from the EU, including all EUR-Lex at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu

13 mm

Title page The title on the title page is constructed in the

PUBLICATION TITLE Scaled constraining proportions from cover page to fit into the designated area, 40% black.

TABLE ‘GETTING IN TOUCH WITH THE EU’ Place the provided file Getting in touch and Legal Notice.indd

same way as on the front cover, scaled to fit inside the column area as shown. The subtitle is set at 15 pt /18 pt and 15 mm below the title. Inside covers

15 mm

Les alique voluptatum re nim quias

All over the European Union there are hundreds of Europe

McConnell, A. (2010), Understanding policy success: Rethinking public policy Palgrave, London.

E x

SOURCE Trivia Sans Book Italic, 8 pt / 12 pt, 100% black

MONOGRAPHS Publication title

12 mm

Third international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs

20 mm

The inside covers are Background Grey (8% black). Trivia Sans Book, 15 pt / 18 pt, 80% black

The inside back cover carries additional information on ‘Getting in touch with the EU’.

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170 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MONOGRAPHS | Legal notice and contents pages CONTENTS HEADING Trivia Sans Medium, 11 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

CHAPTER NAME Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

PAGE NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13pt, 80% black

CHAPTER CONTENTS Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 9 pt / 13pt, 80% black

LEGAL NOTICE Place the provided file Getting in touch and Legal Notice.indd

I Legal notice

Contents

5 9 11

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, year © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, year Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

15 Credits for photos: source For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EMCDDA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/00000

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

PDF

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/000000

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

EPUB

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/000000

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

HTML

ISBN 000-00-0000-000-0

doi: 10.0000/000000

XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (year), publication title, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

Legal notice and contents pages The legal notice and content pages are fixed

Preface Introductory note and acknowledgements

I I I I I I

SUMMARY Fernam quuntis none mi, offic to omnienist PART 1 Dcus aut estia dolorempor PART 2 Doloreperro od untiur secuptatu PART 3 Rblaborem aut fugit PART 4 Dictus molupta ANNEX Nestia dolorempor

Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu www.emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

layouts in EMCDDA publications. For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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Part divider and part title pages | MONOGRAPHS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 171 PART NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 169.6 pt, EU Blue

30 mm

III

PART Trivia Sans Light, 24 pt / 30 pt, EU Blue

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 14.5 pt / 19 pt, 80% black

PART HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 28 pt / 30 pt, 80% black

CHAPTER NAME Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 15.5 pt / 19 pt, 80% black

20 mm

13 mm

PART I

Pe poreper natinctae ne odigen lugdum

GREY-LINED BACKGROUND For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

CHAPTER 1

Pe poreper natinctae CHAPTER 2

Natinctae ne odigend CHAPTER 3

Sporeper natinctae ne odin

Part divider and part title pages The beginning of each publication part starts with special pages, which are consistent throughout the Monographs series.

CHAPTER 4

Volenis aut volupt

The left divider page features the grey-lined background with the part number in roman numerals in large scale (169.6 pt) placed in EU Blue, as specified here. The right page contains the part number in EU Blue and the title in 80% black, followed by the numbers and names of the ensuing chapters. The typography is justified right with the vertical lines to the right of the chapter names in EMCDDA Blue.

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172 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MONOGRAPHS | Chapter divider with contents and chapter title pages GREY-LINED BACKGROUND 65.65 mm from top of the page. For grey-lined background construction see page 005.

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt CHAPTER CONTENTS Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 9 pt / 13 pt

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Book, 172.7 pt, EMCDDA Blue CONTENTS HEADING Trivia Sans Medium, 11 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

30 mm

23 mm

Chapter divider with contents The beginning of each chapter starts with special pages, which are consistent throughout the Monographs series. The left divider page features the grey-

65.65 mm

13 I

Contents

Fernam quuntis none mi, offic to omnienist

Fernam quuntiso omnienist

Fernam quuntis nonenist

65.65 mm from the top). The divider page

Fernam quuntis none o omnienist

can sometimes be adapted to contain a

Ferntis none mi, mnienist

separate table of contents relating to the

Fernam none mi, offic to omnienist

chapter. In such cases, it is placed on a plain

Fernam quuntis nto omnienist

grey field. This page shows the placement of

Fernam quuffic to omnienist

the contents, aligning the vertical lines with

Fernam quuntis none

lined background in the top area of the page with the chapter number placed in EMCDDA Blue as specified here (the bottom of number sits on the grey field, exactly

the centre of the chapter number. Chapter title page The right page contains the chapter number and title, followed by the body text in a one-

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 20 pt / 27pt, 80% black

NAME OF AUTHOR Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 16 pt, 80% black

CHAPTER HEADING Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 25 pt / 27 pt, 80% black

TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 9 pt / 13 pt, 100% black

20 mm

13 mm

CHAPTER 1

Sam etquia dentia pratetsi sandae conse nihilipas Name Author One, Name Author Two, Name Author Three

I Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur Itia si init, sequiditis raturem rehent earunderior modisinti alibus moluptas auta exerovid quatet estium dolupta vellest, ant ut qui dolupit, et volorro con nes sinvel etures dolupis num ium la corat eum quiberum iduciis eiumeni repro omnihic itatur, sit vere perat int que volum que porunto repuditatque excest, cus, aut enectemquo ium nonsequundam atioreped moluptatium inumquides sit que quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias molendam, consequam faceaque pro doloruntem ipsunte mperiorat. Solupta cusape dolecerumqui restem dolum consequisqui beremporeium haria que essin cum exces et as a velectatem essiti con res abora dolorru ptatem harcieni re, sum velita cone voluptas qui rem quam, sint molestiberum audaero rioreiu sciditate cor sunt laborro rercipsusam, audic tet id utet vid magnam delitata veritiam harci volorpo rporerf eriorib usapicabore, et quatis dolupta volor sinum quibus eossit ea quodiorest estibus. Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur, que nimilic imendit quassit eatus, tota pore quiaspis et adiate nostecatur alitaes equiae re velesseque evendita conem et aut et aut vollamusam vel iliquiant, consequae et, et adi aliqui to ipsam rerchit, sed ut lates aped u la corat eum quiberum iduciis eiumeni repro omnihic itatur, sit vere perat int que volu la corat eum

column layout, justified left.

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Interior layout | MONOGRAPHS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 173

inside 20 mm

outside 13 mm

127 mm

Chapter 1 Chapter title

23 mm

I Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur Itia si init, sequiditis raturem rehent earunderior modisinti alibus moluptas auta exerovid quatet estium dolupta vellest, ant ut qui dolupit, et volorro con nes sinvel etures dolupis num ium la corat eum quiberum iduciis eiumeni repro omnihic itatur, sit vere perat int que volum que porunto repuditatque excest, cus, aut enectemquo ium nonsequundam atioreped moluptatium inumquides sit que quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias molendam, consequam faceaque pro doloruntem ipsunte mperiorat. Solupta cusape dolecerumqui restem dolum consequisqui beremporeium haria que essin cum exces et as a velectatem essiti con res abora dolorru ptatem harcieni re, sum velita cone voluptas qui rem quam, sint molestiberum audaero volorpo rporerf eriorib usapicabore, et quatis dolupta volor sinum quibus eossit ea quodiorest estibus. Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur, que nimilic imendit quassit eatus, tota pore quiaspis et adiate nostecatur alitaes equiae re velesseque evendita conem et aut et aut vollamusam vel iliquiant, consequae et, et adi aliqui to ipsam rerchit, sed ut lates aped ullorem reheniet inctota voluptatium nimusa voluptatquis nemquam, el ea del ium escipsuntur, quas repremquam, sed qui dolupid ma que laccatest, ut pratestrum est liciatiosam qui dolupitam sit experiberiam est eossum que nobis eatquiatem illupti nem experum quibus expellatur, voloriae con consequae. Lit plicipsa poruptam fugitas dent.

CHAPTER 1

Heading 1 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore nonsendis Name Author One, Name Author Two, Name Author Three

Heading 2 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

CHAPTER NUMBER LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Light, 20 pt / 27 pt, 80% black CHAPTER NAME / HEADING LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 25 pt / 27 pt, 80% black CHAPTER AUTHOR NAME LEVEL 1 Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 16 pt, 80% black

Nulpa comnisquae remporenia denihil eum aut dolorecate voluptatur si de poribus nossit dicienihicim qui doluptae enda nis eriasped qui in re, ex ea nobis sequi corpor suntiusam si blabore nimusam nihit ut quiae. Ihitate mporita tiorae simet faccus aturis modias mod quia iliquat ibusam re vero omnihic tem eos derit magniscia quo te doluptur at faccullatur aliquo experion pliscil illorro vitatur, qui digendi tatur, testi ipic to tem fuga. Aquas doluptatur aut hilis de pro magnis dolupit emquid ut quam, sitatiur, in porat vendam quos di blatust ra sunt eatiunt. Natque lam si quatusanto officii simpore nis re postiorecus ditas eostiae stibus vid quam id estia dolorro dit, et re consectur, uta qui dicia aut dolor alique nimi, velloria etum quiatur as sincipienis audi si tem laut liciumet acid ut abore porent. Fero ilis auta sita di aute voles conestiam remque ipis vendi cupicid ullendit hic tem. Tur? Met que diam il iderit, cusciet voluptatat omnis nim ne sus a dit, occullu ptaqui tet et lanihitate parciatur, omni cum et, si odit fugit, ipsamus.Vit, omnisti suntium nonectem velessinis derum etur apidem vent laccae nem dignima. Beatio exped quaeste mporaepuda alit, quid ea dolupta destrumquam quia doluptatur as ex et volorib eaquuntem haris ducienimpor sitatur ecepudi temqui blam, vendeles exerum ut maio dit mo earum lam ut quis provit ipsa num voloreptibea doluptat dolut omnihil ignatur mossequi opta aspel ium quis mo velia

HEADING LEVEL 2 Trivia Sans Medium, 11 pt / 13 pt, 80% black

Interior layout Monographs have a one-column layout with the contents flowing continuously. While this layout is relatively easy to work with, layout should be planned carefully to ensure that related content is not separated by a page break. The text is always justified left, without hyphenation, and two levels of heading are possible, including the main chapter title, as shown here. Headings should never be placed too close to the bottom of the column (a minimum of two lines of body text must be left under any headline before

TEXT 9 pt / 13 pt, Trivia Sans Book, 100% black

21 mm

the end of a column; the optimum is five lines or more). For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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Country

nostecatur alitaes Number equiae re velesseque evendita conem et%aut et autNumber vollamusam vel % Number % iliquiant, consequae et, et adi aliqui to ipsam rerchit, sed ut lates aped ullorem reheniet 1 2 2 2 Austria inctota voluptatium nimusa voluptatquis nemquam, el ea del ium escipsuntur, quas 3 2 2 2 Belgium | Headers 174 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | MONOGRAPHS andma pagination repremquam, sed qui dolupid que laccatest, ut pratestrum est liciatiosam qui dolupitam 2 8 2 2 Bulgaria sit experiberiam est eossum que nobis eatquiatem illupti nem experum quibus expellatur, 1 1 Croatia 6 mm voloriae con consequae. Lit plicipsa poruptam fugitas dent. Czech Republic

Denmark

10 mm

Beatio exped quaeste mporaepuda alit, quid ea dolupta destrumquam quia doluptatur 2 4 2 2 Finland as ex et volorib eaquuntem haris ducienimpor sitatur ecepudi temqui blam, vendeles 5 10 5 6 France exerum ut maio dit mo earum lam ut quis provit ipsa num voloreptibea doluptat dolut 6 12 4 5 Germany omnihil ignatur mossequi opta aspel ium quis mo velia doluptam inusand ernatectae I I MONOGRAPHS Publication title Chapter I 1 1 1 I Chapter title Greece consed unditas et vellab ium quibustiunt alit, nuscipienis aut quiam quidesequas et et 3perat int que volum que m6que 2 moles sus modigentur 2 quiberum iduciis eiumeni repro omnihic itatur, sit vere Hungary I Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit aligend igentis dolorent. lloremut reheniet inctota voluptatium nimusa v atioreped moluptatium inumquides sit que MONOGRAPHS Publication title

SERIES Trivia Sans Medium (upper case), 7.5 pt, 80% black

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Light, 7.5 pt, 80% black CHAPTER NAME Trivia Sans Medium, 7.5 pt, 80% black VERTICAL LINE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 7.5 pt, 160.3% vertical scale, baseline shift -1.582 pt, (colour based on the Series)

Headers and pagination The headers and pagination in

2.4

Note: Umquaes ditiusam, sanim aligendero elignim unda debis conse provid quassus eaquae volupta corehen isquatiatur, siminum ium ipsus quidit eos re pa di su.

Czech Republic Denmark

designed for printed publications.

Finland

They use the EMCDDA Blue as 11.5 mm

8.5 mm

12 mm

Beatio exped quaeste mporaepuda alit, quid ea dolupta destrumquam quia doluptatur 2 4 2 2 as ex et volorib eaquuntem haris ducienimpor sitatur ecepudi temqui blam, vendeles 5 10 5 6 France 1.5exerum mm ut maio dit mo earum lam ut quis provit ipsa num voloreptibea doluptat dolut 6 12 4 5 Germany omnihil ignatur mossequi opta aspel ium quis mo velia doluptam inusand ernatectae 1 1 Greece consed unditas et vellab ium quibustiunt alit, nuscipienis aut quiam quidesequas et et 3 6 2 2 Hungary ut aligend igentis dolorent. Ireland

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 174

the Monographs series are those

the accent colour.

1 repro omnihic 2 itatur, 1 dolorecate 1de poribus 1 Italy quiberum Enditaque iduciis eiumeni volupturem estiorum nobit vere perat moles int4voluptatur sus que volum modigentur m que nossit Nulpa comnisquae remporenia denihil eumsit aut sique 1 llorem reheniet inctota voluptatium nimusa v atioreped inumquides sit que1 Latvia dicienihicim qui doluptae enda nis eriasped qui in re,moluptatium ex ea nobis sequi corpor suntiusam si quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias a oluptatquis nemqua delitata veritiam Itia si init, sequiditis raturem rehent earunderior modisinti alibus moluptas auta exerovid 3 4 Lithuania blabore nimusam nihit ut quiae. Ihitate mporita tiorae simet faccus aturis modias mod quia TABLE 1 Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur harci volorpo rporerf dolupta eriorib usapicabore, quatis dolupta volor sinum atioreped quatet estium vellest, ant utetqui dolupit, et volorro nesqui sinvel etures dolupis 4omnihic 8 eos 2 2 aliquo Netherlands iliquat ibusam tem derit magniscia quo tecon doluptur at faccullatur Control reduction re vero Control reinforcement Harm reduction Country Number % Number % Number % moluptatium inumquides sit que quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias a bus num ium la corat eum quiberum iduciis eiumeni repro omnihic itatur, sit vere perat 8 fuga. Aquas 1 doluptatur 1 int Norway experion pliscil illorro vitatur, qui digendi tatur, 2testi ipic to tem Austria Belgium eossit ea quodiorest estibus. Enditaque estiorum sus modigentur, volum que porunto repuditatque excest, aut enectemquo ium nonsequundam 1 dolupit 2 volupturem 2 quos 2 Poland autque hilis de pro magnis emquid ut quam,cus, sitatiur, innobit poratmoles vendam di blatust Bulgaria Croatia que nimilic imendit quassit eatus, tota pore quiaspis m, el ea del ium escipsuntur, quas atioreped moluptatium inumquides sit que quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias Czech Republic 1 lam si quatusanto 2 1 simpore nis4 re postiorecus 2 ditas eostiae 2 Portugal ra sunt eatiunt. Natque officii Denmark Beatio exped quaeste mporaepuda alit, quid ea dolupta destrumquam quia doluptatur repremquam, sed qui est eossum que nobis eatquiatem illupti nem experum quibus molendam, consequam faceaque pro doloruntem ipsunte mperiorat. Solupta cusape Finland stibus vid quam id estia dolorro dit, et re consectur, uta qui aut dolor nimi, 1 4dicia 4 alique 5 blam, vendeles Romania as ex et volorib eaquuntem haris ducienimpor sitatur ecepudi temqui France exerum ut maio dit mo earum lam ut quis provit ipsa num voloreptibea doluptat dolut expellatur, con consequae. Lit plicipsa poruptam fugitasacid dent. restem dolum consequisqui beremporeium haria essin cumFero exces et Germany dolecerumqui velloria voloriae etum quiatur as sincipienis audi si tem laut liciumet utque abore omnihil ignatur mossequi opta aspel ium2 quisporent. mo velia doluptam inusand ernatectae 2.4 Slovenia Greece consed unditas et vellab ium quibustiunt alit, nuscipienis aut quiam quidesequas et et Hungary as a velectatem essiti con res abora dolorru ptatem harcieni re, sum velita cone voluptas ut aligend igentis ilis auta sita di aute voles conestiam cupicid ullendit hic 4 8 remque ipis 3 vendi 12 dolorent. 8 tem. Tur?9Met Spain Ireland TABLE 1 rem quam, sint molestiberum audaero volorpoNulpa Italy qui rporerf eriorib usapicabore, et quatis remporenia denihil eum aut dolorecate si de poribus nossit que diam il iderit, cusciet voluptatat omnis nim8ne sus acomnisquae dit, ptaqui lanihitate 31occullu 2 tet etvoluptatur 2 Sweden Latvia dicienihicim qui doluptae enda nis eriasped qui in re, ex ea nobis sequi corpor suntiusam si Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur Lithuania dolupta volor sinum quibus eossit ea quodiorest estibus. blabore nimusam nihit ut quiae. Ihitate mporita tiorae simet faccusestiorum aturis modias mod quia Enditaque volupturem parciatur, omni cum 15 et, si odit fugit, suntium nonectem velessinis Netherlands 30 ipsamus.Vit, 1 omnisti 20magniscia 24at faccullatur aliquo United Kingdom iliquat ibusam 4 re vero omnihic tem eos derit quo te doluptur Norway experion pliscileatus, illorro vitatur, qui digendipore tatur, testiquiaspis ipic to tem fuga. Aquas doluptatur nobit moles sus modigentur, que nimilic imendit quassit tota etquid adiate Control reduction Control reinforcement Harm reduction derum etur apidem vent laccae nem dignima. Beatio exped quaeste mporaepuda alit, Poland aut hilis de pro magnis dolupit emquid ut quam, sitatiur, in porat vendam quos di blatust Non country Country Portugal ra sunt eatiunt.4 Natque lam si quatusanto 1 officii simpore nis re postiorecus ditas eostiae 1 1 alitaes equiae re velesseque evendita conem et aut etdit, aut vollamusam vel Number % Number specifi c eanostecatur dolupta destrumquam quia doluptatur as ex et volorib eaquuntem haris stibus vid% quam id estia dolorroNumber et re consectur,ducienimpor uta qui dicia % aut dolor alique nimi, Romania velloria etum quiatur as sincipienis audi si tem laut liciumet acid ut abore porent. Fero Slovenia iliquiant, consequae et, et adi ipsam rerchit, sed ut lates aped ullorem reheniet ilis auta sita dimo aute voles conestiam remque ipis cupicid provit ullendit Tur? Met 1 2aliqui to 2 2 hic tem. Austria Spainsitatur ecepudi temqui vendeles maio dit earum lamvolupta utvendiquis ipsa Note: Umquaes ditiusam, sanimblam, aligendero elignim exerum unda debisutconse provid quassus eaquae corehen isquaque diam il iderit, cusciet voluptatat omnis nim ne sus a dit, occullu ptaqui tet et lanihitate Sweden inctota voluptatium nimusa voluptatquis nemquam, el ea del ium escipsuntur, quas parciatur, omniopta cum et, si aspel odit fugit, ipsamus.Vit, United Kingdom tiatur, siminum ium ipsusdoluptat quidit eos dolut re pa di su. num voloreptibea ignatur mossequi quissuntium mo2nonectem veliavelessinis 3 2 omnihil 2ium omnisti Belgium derum etur apidem vent laccae nem dignima. Beatio exped quaeste mporaepuda alit, quid Non country specific repremquam, sed qui dolupid ma que laccatest, ut ea pratestrum dolupta destrumquam quia doluptatur as ex et volorib eaquuntem ducienimpor est liciatiosam qui dolupitam 2 8 2 2 haris Bulgaria sitatur ecepudi temqui blam, vendeles exerum ut maio dit mo earum lam ut quis provit ipsa voloreptibeanem doluptat dolut omnihil ignatur mossequi opta aspel ium quis mo velia sit experiberiam est eossum que nobis eatquiatemnumillupti experum quibus expellatur, 1 1 Croatia voloriae con consequae. Lit plicipsa poruptam fugitas dent. 10 11 10 11 1

PAGINATION VERTICAL LINE 12 mm long from bottom of page, 1 pt thick, 100% EMCDDA Blue

quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias a oluptatquis nemqua delitata veritiam harci volorpo rporerf eriorib usapicabore, et quatis dolupta volor sinum qui atioreped moluptatium inumquides sit que quid magnim ipsusam rehentibus doluptatias a bus eossit ea quodiorest estibus. Enditaque volupturem estiorum nobit moles sus modigentur, que nimilic imendit quassit eatus, tota pore quiaspis m, el ea del ium escipsuntur, quas repremquam, sed qui est eossum que nobis eatquiatem illupti nem experum quibus expellatur, voloriae con consequae. Lit plicipsa poruptam fugitas dent.

PAGINATION Trivia Sans Medium, 9 pt, 55% black, baseline at 10 mm from bottom of the page, 1.5 mm from the vertical line

10 mm

Chapter 1 Chapter title

Ireland

PUBLICATION TITLE Trivia Sans Light, 7.5 pt, 80% black

6 mm

1 remporenia 2 denihil eum 1 aut dolorecate 4 1 si de poribus 1 nossit Italy Nulpa comnisquae voluptatur

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References | MONOGRAPHS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 175

outside 13 mm

127 mm

inside 20 mm

MONOGRAPHS Publication title

23 mm

References

Baumgartner, F. R. and Leech, B. L. (1998), Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and political science, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Bruun, K., Pan, L. and Rexed, I. (1975), The gentlemen’s club: International control of drugs and alcohol, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Carbert, A. (2004), ‘Learning from experience: Activist reflections on ‘insider-outsider’ strategies’, Spotlight 4, Association for Women’s Rights in Development.

Coffman, J., Hendricks, A., Kaye, J., Kelly, T. and Masters, B. (2007), The advocacy and policy change composite logic model to guide evaluation decisions, Harvard Family Research Project, Harvard.

Council of the European Union (2012), EU drugs strategy (2013–2020), CORDROGUE 101, doc. 17547/12.

European Commission (2006), Green paper on the role of civil society in drugs policy in the European Union, COM (2006) 316 final.

Hillebrand, J., Olszewski, D. and Sedefov, R. (2010), ‘Legal highs on the internet’, Substance Use & Misuse 45 (3), pp. 330–340.

I I I

Hindess, B. (2002), ‘Deficit by design’, Australian Journal of Public Administration 61(1), pp. 30–38.

REFERENCES Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, white, vertically centered on box, box height 8 mm TEXT Trivia Sans Book, 8 pt / 12 pt, 100% black SOURCE Trivia Sans Book Italic, 8 pt / 12 pt, 100% black

McConnell, A. (2010), Understanding policy success: Rethinking public policy Palgrave, London.

References

Musto, D. F. (1999), The American disease: Origins of narcotics control, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

O’Gorman, A. and Moore, M. (2012), Mapping study of drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe

References are set in a one-column

(final report), EMCDDA, Lisbon (available at emcdda.europa.eu/publications/advocacy/mappingstudy).

Reid, E. (1999), ‘Nonprofit advocacy and political participation’, in Boris, E. T. and Steuerle, C. E. (editors) Nonprofits and government: Collaboration and conflict, Urban Institute Press, D.C.

Reisman, J., Gienap, A. and Stachowiak, S. (2007), A guide to measuring advocacy and policy, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, Maryland.

layout, as shown here. A vertical line in the selected dominant colour of the publication marks the start of each entry. References are generally placed at the end of the publication.

21 mm

For construction of the vertical line see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

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SERIES AD HOC PUBLICATIONS

Ad hoc publications may be produced in print or in online formats and may use one or two-column layouts. Designers should consult the rules presented on page 3.12 of the Corporate identity manual regarding the differences between these formats (particularly in relation to headers and pagination, margins, back cover and legal notice placement, title page, etc.).

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178 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | AD HOC PUBLICATIONS | Overview

Ad hoc publications Type: Series, Ad hoc publications, Turquoise line Colours: EMCDDA primary colours plus secondary colour EMCDDA Turquoise Format: 210 × 297 mm (A4) Primary output: Print and online Layout: One- and two-column layouts Tables: Publication colour + greys Graphics: EMCDDA full colour palette as required (e.g. maps, figures, infographics)

Title on three lines, title on three

Basic colours EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Turquoise

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Turquoise

Berum ute volupic iaerrum

Backgrounds Background Grey

40% EMCDDA Turquoise

For more information, see page 3.32.

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Front cover specifications | AD HOC PUBLICATIONS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 179 17 mm

DON’T

16 mm

Title is too small

14 mm

21 mm

20 mm

Title on three lines, title on three

55 mm

30 mm

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MAIN TITLE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt Leading 110% font size optical kerning, 95% black. Larger letters in the title are better, respecting designated space for title.

19.9 mm

Berum ute volupic iaerrum SUBTITLE Trivia Sans Book, 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black TITLE AREA – right edge of the area for the title 80% page width

Front cover specifications

80 %

This page shows the placement of the various elements on the front cover of Ad hoc publications, along with detailed 37 mm

measurements and font specifications. For image selection, see pages 1.24–1.25.

52.5 mm

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180 TECHNICAL ANNEX | SERIES | AD HOC PUBLICATIONS | Publication title construction

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PUBLICATION TITLE TYPOGRAPHY

Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt, 95% black

Publication title construction

Title on three Lines, title on three 20 mm

The title should be as large as possible within the designated title area and should

Berum ute volupic iaerrum

not exceed four lines. The vertical line must be constructed exactly as shown here. The font must not be distorted. The letter spacing must be set at a ratio of -10 / +10,

Trivia Sans Book, 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black

optical kerning.

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cater forisdiff erent legally patientcontrolled needs at a cost y to produce Thproducts e cannabis plant usually when itofis of the plant. Clarity is needed when discuss about EUR 45 for 5 grams. These may of bethe prescribed for centration of capable of producing a useable amount the laws involved. Headers and pagination | AD HOC PUBLICATIONS | SERIES | TECHNICAL ANNEX 181 relief of symptoms arising from multiple sclerosis, HIV/ t, for example psychoactive substance delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Cannabis products that are used for medicina AIDS,but cancer, pain, and ticsthose or maturity at (THC), somelong-term countriesneurogenic control all strains, even whether the psychoactive THC o 6 mm 6purposes — mm associated with Tourette’s syndrome. not ontrolled, it is very where the THC content is negligible. TheSmoking plant hasisbeen non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) — are g recommended by the manufacturer, and the preferred to judge the grown for several hundred years for fi bre, oil, medicines 10 mm referred to as ‘medical cannabis’. Cannabis pr methods of use include inhalation from a vaporiser and cular chemicals Publication and drugs. Since 1961, international law has defi ned the title Publication subtitle used in manufacturing are commonly referred infusionplant in tea. theory mayCannabis’, prescribe to medical smoke from cannabis asIn‘any plantany of doctor the genus ‘industrial hemp’. Cannabis products used for cannabis, but in Cannabis practice only a limited number do so. As of ethod of delivery cover the species indica and Cannabis sativa non-medical intoxication have been variously LEFT PAGE HEADER Baseline at 10 mm from top of the page, 6 mm March 2015, about 1 200inpatients get (United their medical s the patient will and any variety discovered the future Nations, from left edge, Trivia Sans Light, 7.3 pt, 80% to as non-medical cannabis, retail cannabis a black – Publication title cannabis, with and a prescription their dried doctor, through the hen the requiredPart 1 1961). The roots seeds havefrom no THC, stem recreational cannabis. The term ‘non-medical RIGHT PAGE HEADER cannabis and what areis no pharmacy. There reimbursement from the national CBD, it is also What ismaterial will typically contain 0.3 % or less, and the lower 10 mmmake from top ofclear the page,that 6 mm it may not cannabisBaseline doesat not countries’ obligations to control it? from right edge, Trivia Sans Light, 7.3 pt, healthcare system, but there in may someflpartial correctly. less than 1 %. However, thebe female owers, and ndose Europe at a glance leaves black – Publication subtitle,‘retail’ refers to the industrial80% purposes, while Trivia Sans Medium, 7.3 pt, 80% black (Date). reimbursement bytrichomes supplementary insurance. the resin-producing (planthealth hairs) that grow distribution, rather than the motive for use su I Indications Form FOOTNOTE as been approved among them, THC concentration can reach 20 % or more. Sans Light, 7 pt / 8.4 pt, 100% black ‘medical’ Trivia and ‘industrial’. Therefore, this repor ):atTHC CBD Multiple sclerosis Sublingual spray the Czech Republic, the State Agency for Medical theand time of In In the European recreational cannabis market, the flowers DIVIDER LINE the term FOOTNOTE ‘recreational’ for the psychoactive ca Weight: 1 pt, width: 16 mm, offset: 1.25, Cannabis department of the gal processes may be soldwas still established coated with as thea special resin (‘herbal cannabis’), black products80% intended for non-medical intoxicatio Cancer treatment, AIDS, Gelatin capsule For construction details see page 013 Institute of Drug Control. set rules for (‘cannabis dical cannabis. orState the resin may be extracted andItsold by itself of this annex. multiple sclerosis resin’). By 2015, the mean potency of samples analysed PAGINATION I Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt, 55% black, baseline similar to THC Cancer treatment Capsule stance in around Europe had risen by 90 % for resin and 80 % for at 9.5 mm from bottom of the page, 1.5 mm from the vertical line (1) Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, nd Europe under herb with 2006 In 2015, theFrance, estimated EU MemberPAGINATION States VERTICAL rangedLINEfrom 4 % to 28 % THC Part 1compared sets Belgium, out to clarify thevalues. defiDenmark, nition of cannabis. In this Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, times powdered); five Various PlantNorway, material mm long from bottom of page, sleequal quantities national meanUnited potency of cannabis that of herb 13samples ranged from 3 % to 22 %. time of Sweden, increasing debate about theresin legal samples status ofin the Spain, Kingdom. Publication title

Publication subtitle

TABLE 1 Authorised cannabis-based medicines in Europe at a glance

Part 1

Part 1 sets out to clarify the definition of cannabis. In this time of increasing debate about the legal status of cannabis, this is crucial to understanding some of the provocative declarations that ‘cannabis is legal’ or ‘has been legalised’ in a particular country. This section examines what sort of cannabis is controlled, noting the different plant varieties, the parts of the plant, including the seeds, and the relevance of cannabis potency. It outlines how using parts of the cannabis plant for medical and industrial purposes is permitted under European or national legislation. The section then focuses on the use of cannabis for recreational purposes. It outlines how the EU countries are bound to control cannabis following their obligations under United Nations drug control treaties. It describes the extent of those controls and the corresponding room for manoeuvre open to countries which choose to vary their legislation within those international obligations.

EU Member States ranged from 4 % to 28 % THC, while that of herb samples ranged from 3 % to 22 %.

Brand name

Description

Indications

Form

Sativex (Nabiximols)

Extract of cannabis (oil): THC and CBD

Multiple sclerosis

Sublingual spray

Marinol (Dronabinol)

Synthetic delta-9-THC

Cancer treatment, AIDS, multiple sclerosis

Gelatin capsule

Cesamet (Nabilone)

Synthetic cannabinoid similar to THC

Cancer treatment

Capsule

Bedrocan

Dried flower tips (sometimes powdered); five different strains available

Various

Plant material

What is cannabis and what are countries’ obligations to control it?

What sort of cannabis is controlled?

The cannabis plant is usually legally controlled when it is capable of producing a useable amount of the psychoactive substance delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), but some countries control all strains, even those where the THC content is negligible. The plant has been grown for several hundred years for fibre, oil, medicines and drugs. Since 1961, international law has defined the cannabis plant as ‘any plant of the genus Cannabis’, to cover the species Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa and any variety discovered in the future (United Nations, 1961). The roots and seeds have no THC, dried stem material will typically contain 0.3 % or less, and the lower leaves less than 1 %. However, in the female flowers, and the resin-producing trichomes (plant hairs) that grow among them, THC concentration can reach 20 % or more. In the European recreational cannabis market, the flowers may be sold still coated with the resin (‘herbal cannabis’), or the resin may be extracted and sold by itself (‘cannabis resin’). By 2015, the mean potency of samples analysed around Europe had risen by 90 % for resin and 80 % for herb compared with 2006 values. In 2015, the estimated national mean potency of cannabis resin samples in the

The international treaties require that the entire plant is controlled under national drug laws, although in European countries there may be exceptions for plants which have a THC content not exceeding 0.2 %, if grown for fibre. National control is not obligatory for cannabis seeds, although they are specified as subject to the drug control laws in Cyprus and Portugal. In other countries, supply of cannabis seeds for cultivation is often covered by a more general offence of ‘facilitating drug production’ or something similar.

Cannabis products: terminology

Cannabis products are used for medicinal and industrial purposes, as well as for intoxication. At least four US states and one EU Member State now have two separate distribution systems for intoxicating cannabis running in parallel, besides any industrial use of the non-psychoactive parts of the plant. Clarity is needed when discussing the laws involved.

Cannabis products that are used for medicinal purposes — whether the psychoactive THC or the non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) — are generally referred to as ‘medical cannabis’. Cannabis products used in manufacturing are commonly referred to as ‘industrial hemp’. Cannabis products used for non-medical intoxication have been variously referred to as non-medical cannabis, retail cannabis and recreational cannabis. The term ‘non-medical’ cannabis does not make clear that it may not be for industrial purposes, while ‘retail’ refers to the form of distribution, rather than the motive for use such as ‘medical’ and ‘industrial’. Therefore, this report uses the term ‘recreational’ for the psychoactive cannabis products intended for non-medical intoxication.

Is medical cannabis legal?

International law does not prevent cannabis, or cannabisbased products, being used as a medicine to treat defined indications. According to the UN conventions, the drugs under international control should be limited to ‘medical and scientific purposes’. Article 28 of the 1961 Convention describes a system of controls required if a country decides to permit the cultivation of cannabis that is not for industrial or horticultural purposes, while the 1971 Convention controls THC.

In European countries, authorised medicines may include THC in capsules, cannabis extract as a mouth spray, and dried cannabis flowers for vaporising or making ‘tea’ (see Table 1). By contrast, no country authorises the smoking of cannabis for medical purposes. There are two main reasons for this. First, there are many strains of cannabis plants, and each variety has the capacity to produce a range of chemicals. The range and concentration of chemicals may also vary within one plant, for example depending on light levels during growth or maturity at harvest. If these factors are not strictly controlled, it is very difficult for a prescriber and pharmacist to judge the content and thus the delivery of the particular chemicals needed for the patient. Second, inhaling smoke from burning plant material is not a healthy method of delivery of those chemicals to the bloodstream, as the patient will also inhale harmful tars and particles. When the required chemicals are not psychoactive, such as CBD, it is also very difficult for the user to measure the dose correctly.

of THC and CBD. This medical product, which is sprayed under the tongue, has been approved by the European Medicines Agency only to treat symptoms of multiple sclerosis. It is currently authorised as a medicine in 18 European countries (1). In some of these countries, national health insurance systems will reimburse the cost under certain conditions, such as prior approval or prescription by specialists.

Since 2001, the Office of Medicinal Cannabis (OMC) has been the Netherlands government agency with a monopoly on supplying medical cannabis to pharmacies and general practitioners in accordance with the terms of the 1961 UN Convention. Producers are licenced by the Dutch government and must sell all produce to the OMC, which then distributes it to pharmacies. The OMC offers varieties of medical cannabis, with different levels of THC (ranging from less than 1 % to approximately 22 %) and CBD (ranging from less than 1 % to approximately 9 %). These products cater for different patient needs at a cost of about EUR 45 for 5 grams. These may be prescribed for relief of symptoms arising from multiple sclerosis, HIV/ AIDS, cancer, long-term neurogenic pain, and tics associated with Tourette’s syndrome. Smoking is not recommended by the manufacturer, and the preferred methods of use include inhalation from a vaporiser and infusion in tea. In theory any doctor may prescribe medical cannabis, but in practice only a limited number do so. As of March 2015, about 1 200 patients get their medical cannabis, with a prescription from their doctor, through the pharmacy. There is no reimbursement from the national healthcare system, but there may be some partial reimbursement by supplementary health insurance.

cannabis, this is crucial to understanding some of the 6 provocative declarations that ‘cannabis is legal’ or ‘has of THC and CBD. This medical product, is sprayed been legalised’ in a particular country. Thiswhich section under the tongue, has been approved by thenoting European examines what sort of cannabis is controlled, the Medicines onlythe to parts treat symptoms multiple diff erent plantAgency varieties, of the plant,ofincluding bis, or cannabis11.5 mm 1.5 mm sclerosis. It isthe currently authorised as a medicine the seeds, and relevance of cannabis potency. Itin ne to treat defined 18 European countries ( outlines how using parts of1).the cannabis plant countries, for medical ions, the drugs In some of these 6

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 181

A medicine based on cannabis extract has been approved by the European Medicines Agency, and at the time of writing four EU countries have specific legal processes governing the distribution and use of medical cannabis.

In the Czech Republic, the State Agency for Medical Cannabis was established as a special department of the State Institute of Drug Control. It set rules for

Cannabis extract is the main active substance in a medical product commercialised around Europe under the brand name ‘Sativex’, which contains equal quantities

(1) Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

0.5 pt thick, 55% black

7 The international treaties require that the entire

controlled under national 13 mm drug laws, although in 10 mm countries there may be exceptions for plants wh a THC content not exceeding 0.2 %, if grown for National control is not obligatory for cannabis se although they are specified as subject to the dru 7

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NPS OUTPUTS JOINT REPORTS

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184 TECHNICAL ANNEX | NPS OUTPUTS | JOINT REPORTS | Overview

JOINT REPORTS

Type: Outputs relating to new psychoactive substances, Red line Colours: EMCDDA primary colours plus secondary colour EMCDDA Red Format: 210 × 297 mm (A4) Primary output: Online Layout: Two-column layout Tables: EMCDDA Red (varying percentages) Graphics: Predominantly EMCDDA Red plus full colour palette as required

Publication title shown on two lines Ernam sequiatet omnis sundige neceprem cus dic te dolum est, custiat asperis quia sectae consequis dem

ISSN 0000-0000

Joint Reports

Basic colours

Ernam sequiatet omnis sundige neceprem cus dic te dolum est, custiat asperis quia sectae consequis dem landandae eveliqu iatusap isciunti officiis corest, comniet ommodio

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Red

Grey-lined background

20% EMCDDA Red

(e.g. maps, figures, infographics) About this series

The following pages describe the layout features, colours and typography of this publication.

Tatem re velit, utatemo dicimpo ribusae veliqui re comnihi llaborio con rehent quunt estiberspe pla sumendel eos re nis que imporita volupta spitatibus qui omnime et a ad molupidem rerspid eligend ipsant aut ute cus spitatibus qui omnime et cus.

Basic backgrounds Background Grey

An Adobe InDesign template is available with all graphic elements to facilitate close observance of the design rules.

EMCDDA and Europol joint publication

40% EMCDDA Red

For more information, see page 3.34.

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Front cover specifications | JOINT REPORTS | NPS OUTPUTS | TECHNICAL ANNEX 185 17 mm 14 mm

4.5 mm

3.5 mm

14 mm

21 mm

Trivia Sans Medium, 19 pt, publication colour

3.5 mm

24.5 mm

JOINT REPORTS

Publication title shown on two lines 15 mm

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Trivia Sans Book, 10.5 pt, 55% black

Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt, Leading 110% font size optical kerning, 95% black. Larger letters in the title are better, respecting the designated space for title.

Trivia Sans Book, 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black

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Trivia Sans Book, 16 pt / 20 pt, 80% black

TITLE AREA – right edge of the area for the title 80% page width About this series

TITLE Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 13 pt / 14.4 pt, publication colour, 1 mm space after title TEXT Trivia Sans Light, 11 pt / 14.4 pt 80% black. No space between paragraphs

80%

35.6 mm

ISSN 0000-0000

24.5 mm

EMCDDA and Europol joint publication

BACKGROUND BOX 14% black, text inset 4 mm, min. width 89 mm, max. width 154 mm depending on text length Trivia Sans Light, 14 pt / 15 pt, 55% black, vertically centered in the white strip PARTNER LOGO vertically centered in the white strip (use vector format)

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Front cover specifications This page shows the placement of the various elements on the front cover of Joint Reports, along with detailed measurements and font specifications.

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186 TECHNICAL ANNEX | NPS OUTPUTS | JOINT REPORTS | Publication title construction

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PUBLICATION TITLE TYPOGRAPHY:

Publicationp

Trivia Sans Regular Bold, min 40 pt, max 140 pt, 95% black.

20 mm

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Trivia Sans Book, 20 pt / 24 pt, 80% black

40 pt

Publication title construction The title should be as large as possible within the designated title area and should

Ernam sequiatet omnis sundige neceprem cus dic te dolum est, custiat asperis quia sectae consequis dem landandae eveliqu iatusap isciunti officiis corest, comniet ommodio

not exceed four lines. The font must not be distorted. The letter spacing must be set at a ratio of -10 / +10, optical kerning.

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Interior layout | JOINT REPORTS | NPS OUTPUTS | TECHNICAL ANNEX 187

FOOTNOTE Trivia Sans Light, 7 pt / 8.4 pt, 100% black FOOTNOTE DIVIDER LINE Weight: 1 pt, width: 16 mm, offset: 1.25, 80% black

CHAPTER 3

Technical report on mephedrone Name Surname

I Summary

For construction details see page 013 of this annex.

‘Mephedrone’ (4-methylmethcathinone) is a synthetic cathinone. It has no known legitimate uses as a research, industrial, cosmetic or medicinal compound. There is evidence of its availability in Europe since 2007, with seizures and detections of mephedrone reported in 28 European and neighbouring countries to date. The size and number of mephedrone seizures has increased year on year. Most of the seizures and detections are from 2009 and 2010, but there were reports from Scandinavia, France and the UK of seizures and detections in 2008 and from Finland of seizures in 2007. There are a number of other synthetic cathinones that are used recreationally — these include methedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). These, along with other non-cathinone drugs, e.g. methadone, have similar sounding names to mephedrone which can cause confusion amongst users, healthcare professionals and law enforcement agencies. Mephedrone is commonly sold as ‘plant food’ and there has been confusion amongst users as to whether all plant foods contain mephedrone.

JOINT REPORTS Title

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I Contents

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CHAPTER 1

Risk assessment report of a new psychoactive substance: 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) I Introduction

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Cocaine

2004

2005

2006

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2009

2010

2011

2012

I Foreword

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29 Abbreviations Us prehendunt ent pore volore, asperatur? Bori arcillo rerescidunt autem. Ut voluptur, nullecu quidecision quas on specific drug 47stiscimi, Council doluptatium quae cone nonsequi doluptat. Fugia velit, voluptia quam di alignis sitaque repudis quundae 1poribus 59 adiCHAPTER quodignim reiume nesciendici adi ut eum vel ipitatum Joint reportfugiae vero eossit, ommoluptaque velluptium serem dolut apis el 2 59 eaCHAPTER is et hicidia nus, occum iniment aut evel destia inverest

I I I I I

EMCDDA – mi, Europol maionsequae conestorum sit eos qui te aliquatempos venisJoint Report on the specific drug etuscia tetusam, utas conecto offic totas sitatem et ducillor ma 3 esedi 59 CHAPTER volesequatin conem. Luptiisi cuptas magniment omnis Joint report details quia volupta dolorenimus as et perum ut voluptat rerroreped eum lacerovit, audae dende optatqui bearcia nihitas estia 59 CHAPTER 4 volupta dolor sita voluptaes nimolum fugia volupta teceatq Technical report uiandi arum, sum quam dit faceri voloris qui consent dem adisit, sed quideru nditate ssinctum sunt cusa nus5 mod ut CHAPTER 59 qui volorum quostiunti beatenetur, cus vellabo. Anihil isti aperias Last chapter

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I Acknowledgements The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their contribution in producing this publication:

I the members of the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA; the advisers to I I I I I I I

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TABLE 7.2 Test results for samples analysed by the Energy Control International Drug Testing Service (1) Sample

2003

Source: Assessing the health risks, harms and addiction liability 1 Acknowledgements among recreational cathinone (mephedrone) users study, Winstock, A. and Marsden, J., 2010.

Only main compound detected

Purity (m ± SD)

Interior layout EMCDDA Joint Reports are online

Range

48.1 % (26/54)

70.3 ± 19.9 %

5–99 %

MDMA (crystal)

100 % (9/9)

91.1 ± 8.0 %

78–99 %

MDMA (pills)

100 % (8/8)

142.1 ± 40.2 mg

94–188 mg

Amphetamine (speed)

37.5 % (3/8)

51.6 ± 34.6 %

10–98 %

LSD

100 % (8/8)

129.7 ± 12.1 µg

107–140 µg

Cannabis resin

100 % (5/5)

THC: 16.5 ± 7.5 % CBD: 3.4 ± 1.5 %

THC: 9.1–16.4 % CBD: 1.6–5.3 %

Ketamine

40 % (2/5)

71.3 ± 38.4%

27–95 %

publications which use one-column and two-column layouts. As they are to be viewed on-screen or printed on a desk-top printer, the pages have matching margins (there

(1) Samples analysed between April and December 2014. Categories with n < 5 samples not included.

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3.8.2. The mode and scope of the established or expected use of the new substance 3.8.3. Other use of the new psychoactive substance and the extent of such use, the risks associated with this use of the new psychoactive substance, including the health and social risks

4. Information from the EMA (Article 5.3 of the Council Decision)

4.1. Marketing authorisation 4.2. Application for a marketing authorisation 4.3. Suspended marketing authorisation

5. Conclusion

References

Annexes

I Contents 3

1. Introduction

2. Information collection process

3. Information required by Article 5.2 of the Council Decision

3.1. Chemical and physical description, including the names under which the new psychoactive substance is known (Article 5.2(a) of the Council Decision)

Contents and acknowledgements

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3.2. Information on the frequency, circumstances and/or quantities in which a new psychoactive substance is encountered, and information on the means and methods of manufacture of the new psychoactive substance (Article 5.2(b) pof the Council Decision)

3.2.1. Information provided to Europol

3.2.2. Information provided to the EMCDD

3.3. Information on the involvement of organised crime in the manufacture or trafficking of the new psychoactive substance (Article 5.2(c) of the Council Decision)

3.4. A first indication of the risks associated with the new psychoactive substance, including the health and social risks, and of the characteristics of users — Article 5.2(d) of the Council Decision

3.4.1. Serious adverse events reported to the EMCDDA

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3.4.2. Serious adverse events identified in open source information

3.4.3. Pharmacology

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3.4.4. Toxicology

3.4.5. Characteristics of users

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3.5. Information on whether or not the new substance is currently under assessment, or has been under assessment, by the UN system (Article 5.2(e) of the Council Decision)

3.7. Information on whether or not the new psychoactive substance is already subject to control measures at national level in a Member State (Article 5.2(g) of the Council Decision)

3.8. Further information (Article 5.2(h) of the Council Decision)

3.8.1. The chemical precursors that are known to have been used for the manufacture of the substance

I Acknowledgements The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their contribution in producing this publication:

I the Early Warning System (EWS) correspondents of the Reitox national focal points (NFPs) and experts from their national EWS networks;

I the Europol national units (ENUs) and Europol Project Synergy; I the national competent authorities responsible for human and veterinary medicinal products in the Member States, Norway and Iceland;

I the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the European Commission; I the World Health Organization.

3.6. The date of notification on the Reporting Form of the new psychoactive substance to the EMCDDA or to Europol (Article 5.2(f) of the Council Decision)

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Project team: Michael Evans-Brown, Ana Gallegos, Rita Jorge, Rachel Christie, Andrew Cunningham, Anabela Almeida, Agata Rybarska, Roumen Sedefov (EMCDDA) and Daniel Dudek (Europol).

277 mm

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I Foreword

Abbreviations

It is with great pleasure that I present this comprehensive publication, which contains the data and findings of the risk assessment on mephedrone. The European Union has responded to concerns over the availability and use of this stimulant drug by assessing the health and social risks of the substance and, consequently, subjecting it to control measures across the EU Member States. The decision of the Council to control mephedrone was adopted in the final stage of a three-step mechanism set up by Council Decision 2005/387/JHA — on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances — designed to respond to potentially threatening new psychoactive drugs in the EU. The Risk assessment report on mephedrone, which was submitted to the European Commission and the Council of the European Union on 26 July 2010, examines the health and social risks of the drug, and considers the potential implications for placing the drug under control in the EU. On the basis of this report — and on the initiative of the Commission — on 2 December 2010, the Council decided that mephedrone is to be subject to control measures.

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I would like to acknowledge the contribution and thank the members of the EMCDDA extended Scientific Committee, the EU Member States experts, the European Commission, Europol, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the EMCDDA, who participated in the formal risk assessment meeting, which took place on 15 July 2010 at the EMCDDA in Lisbon. The resulting report is a valuable contribution at European level, which gives clear support to political decision-making. Furthermore, I would like to recognise the excellent work done in preparing the risk assessment by the networks of the EMCDDA, Europol and the EMA — the Reitox national focal points, Europol national units and the national competent authorities responsible for medicinal products — who once again played an essential role in collecting and providing national data, thus completing this truly multidisciplinary effort. Mephedrone is the second substance after BZP to be risk-assessed and subsequently controlled under Council Decision 2005/387/JHA. Such concrete results at technical and political level confirm the effectiveness of the rapidresponse mechanism and provide the Commission with useful insight and concrete information for the ongoing assessment of the functioning of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA, as foreseen by the EU Drugs Action Plan for 2009–12.

ENU

Europol national units

EWS

early warning system (EMCDDA–Europol)

FMC

fluoromethcathinone

FSS

Forensic Science Service (UK)

GC-MS

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

GCS

Glasgow Coma Scale

GBL

gamma-butyrolactone

GHB

gamma-hydroxybutyrate

ICD

International Classification of Diseases (WHO)

IUL

International units per litre

IUPAC

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Ket

ketamine

LC-MS/MS

liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry

methcathinone

mCPP

1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine

MDAI

5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane

MDMA

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

MDPV

3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone

MeOPP

methoxyphenylpiperazine

mmHg

millimetres of mercury

mmol/L

millimetres per litre

normephedrone (4-methylcathinone)

NPIS

National Poisons Information Service

np-SAD

national programme on substance abuse deaths (UK)

Name Surname Director, EMCDDA

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Risk assessment report of a new psychoactive substance: 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone)

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CHAPTER 1

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I Introduction

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(1) According to the definition provided by the Council Decision, a ‘new psychoactive substance’ means a new narcotic drug or a new psychotropic drug in pure form or in a preparation; ‘new narcotic drug’ means a substance in pure 25 scheduled under the 1961 United form or in a preparation that has14 not/been Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, and that may pose a threat to public health comparable to the substances listed in Schedule I, II or IV; ‘new psychotropic drug’ means a substance in pure form or in a preparation that has not been scheduled under the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and that may pose a threat to public health comparable to the substances listed in Schedule I, II, III or IV.

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Officate cus ni te dolene dolore nossit omnihit atiasima culpari qui illo ea poribus am exceatibus acculparum, omnit, ommossi mperspe vendipsum re volor aceatur sed et facilit que odi des sequi totateniene volut aceaqui resto maionsed que dolorro ma qui ommodipid molendem inim sam nobis anda dolor re seque non re si ius mi, nos comnis dolo berum fugit volluptae vel ium voloreri quisquam is des nos imusandamet poratem ipitibus maionem pelignis moditas simagnatur? Quibusciam se con por antius magname lique ma id ent doluptis pla cuptas nes vellupta nulland elendae maximax imperspe debis autem is simus, eium qui ut re eos res acerum et ut ullende nonempossume omnis enim veleste dolore volorec

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imolore reperion et doluptat laut etum, aut volestius que nitatur, qui nusapit repudia volut latquisition excearum dit pliatquat. Eratint dest veris dolore nim non prentistio. Iquosandae doloreped qui doluptiosam ex enihic tem etur? Quia dis et volo oditae. Il id qui consent ectatam veriaernam, cus. Nam et doluptasint quaepuda verro blabores ut am rehende ne exerum facimax imaionsequam faccusame custis natur, od eum qui remperi orepel ma atem velestint estores truptatet, ad quam dusa que eos nonsequi sunt. Erferiti officius voluptas anime pra cus di blabo. Musae resto vel entium faccum, ommodios as exces acest unt ab illabo. Itat am aspelitionet odiciusdae viduntem et eatem alit, sunt aut occae velis dolor si aciis doles erovitatis isit quaerup tissect otatem nonectur rest eaquis eius arcipidus inulpar ibusaes aliquam non rerro qui quasper ionsect eceria culparundae im qui que cus, volendignis sinimet duntur aditiam velluptat ipsaperae pos debitis dit laciunt fugit hil ipsum eostor sum facerum nosam, sequis estrum excest, aut quis sed ut dis dollab idit, il ipsam fugiatureped ullauda de eumquasped que nat volupta dolupta turemqui unt odi beaqui a quam veliquo ditemossit eicia verum corionsecus rem conet, eicim fugiam incid eos es molorer natempo recupti volest, sum quae sum et aboreria doluptas ius earibus eat. Id magnatur sus. Nequo quibusdam, voluptatio te nusapidere doluptas velesciet et eius dolore landipsa vit, solupta erferrum seque paruptaquate volupta turemqui siti nus num imendae volum aditatur autat. Atibus, tenisto reruntis nestore pudanim agnimus et, ommolup tiatem rest moloriatis dolo delignimet volupti orerspelibus volecto rporibea vel enim et assum incidun ditaquiaepro dendend elestia comnis et mos ilique nos dis aut ut eos enis ipsus soluptat. Ga. Molupta tibeate volupta sus arumque optasi inctur si delibus aligendandis aliqui si dellant omnihitasi ad min et ate sequis rempos escia ium aci cum ea volest alistis abo. Ut a corem labo. Occulparum, exernate lab ipis nonsed min postium veroviderum ullatur sim am inistorem et harchil estendias quia consequo blaccumenis conseritas vollaut veleni comnis et quam eatet occus acerro quo vent, asit rest, si natum as explit que dolorunt volesequod ma alicabo rempele ndiam, natem. Uptaestibus essed et eribusci dias aut ut velis et et remped quo min cumquiam sed eos doloribus, occaborpost, endantur? Git remod que voluptio blabor magnam as ma voluptatur si conest, esti unt velessus porempore mo quis ea voluptatur aciliquibea alicati aturis earuptatur sit optae verum hit voles aut fugiti dolesciate rendest, quis aspernat la illacep editiis am faccuptatur, es doluptur, samet veliquam quaspit, simodi velente porios de doluptae aut ut audios di dis volendi optat expliqui alibus eumquis venis demosant volor autem quaecepe molecus, ut omni odicidel et, omnimi, suntur? Quis nus nonseque nonsequ assequibea dolut quis eos eaquatur re eum volecabore sequam eum quaeste et a con none lautasima quiaspicia dolorerro culparum aligent.

Ebit re, omnihit velecus cuptas eius qui volorero et ra iuntur remporibus. Turios a quunt lanima dolorrum et haria vent asitae nis alitatio maxime ea qui consedis il esed ention por si recatur sapelentis minctendebis as expedisqui omnis dolenia spercipisci temosame omnistia elesto omnis eturitat dolore dipiendit etustrum eaqui beritis eveles excerum aspicius. Nam quo maiorest faccus volor sunt estrum quia is nihilibus volor adic tet lab is sum quid quidel es commolo rrovident de nam velese sus. Cuptaturibus alitamet plauditibus rem antotat aligendae sum rerum doluptatem si veliquam, iliquae a cum lab illandem quatur alitaspient mos as sunt am quis invereius esti sitatur repuda qui bersped et restor aut doloreprae derume poriatur, sunt autaqui si volesti blamendus dolo tempero vitint inciam quam elicipisqui aut et eum apit, quo in porem doloribusam, corro iusant ratum, siti omnis as solorestem. Itaquis eaque velliqu asitibu samendi ullandellam dit fugiae od endunt. Rovidelibus ipidebit officienis et pro ipsanihit dendis rem nonet, officiende quo omniatq uiderrum simus ea conectusant. Ni bersperum et repudae rumquia ndaestr uptatione eosse simus idelis solendant res earion et explibus sam fugiam iunt et quunt rest, que aut latas nullaut et prepe tenime latatis expla num saperumqui intiumet accaborro dolupie ndebis repudan dantis et arumquis dis aut inte vollit, omnimi, nestend ellabora ditem et idit ma sandus, voles mi, od quatist entur, quid eic tes quiat ipsant aborerc hillest, core volorit as andendigendi aliqui quo dolorepe voluptatiam fugiat laut aut od mo mo doluptis dolendis serem. Cuptation. Eles ut erovit restiae. Em qui repudaerchil molupta dundae mint remque peditio. Dis mollantem. Ut expel in preptatis endae num dolorpos quati solorum ad mi, exerum, ulla. Ebit re, omnihit velecus cuptas eius qui volorero et ra iuntur remporibus. Turios a quunt lanima dolorrum et haria vent asitae nis alitatio maxime ea qui consedis il esed ention por si recatur sapelentis minctendebis as expedisqui omnis dolenia spercipisci temosame omnistia elesto omnis eturitat dolore dipiendit etustrum eaqui beritis eveles excerum aspicius.

TABLE 12 Mixmag Internet survey, 2010 Ever used (percentage)

Used last year (percentage)

Used in last month

Cannabis (any)

54.4

Ecstasy (any)

53.1

Cocaine (powder)

86.7

83.1

47.4

Mephedrone

41.7

37.3

33.6

30.1

14.7(1)

Amphetamine (speed/base )

Source: Winstock, A., 2010. (1) Em qui repudaerchil molupta dundae et eic te exeria

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JOINT REPORTS I 25I-NBOMe

Wide tables In cases when there is too much information to fit into a standard table of the prescribed layout, landscape format

Annex 2

Non-fatal and fatal intoxications associated with 25I-NBOMe

Country

Date (gender, age)

Sample type

25I-NBOMe result (25)

Results for other substances (26)

Notes

Belgium

Aug 2013

Urine

None reported

Lowered consciousness, insufficient breathing, mydriasis, tachycardia (100/min).

Belgium

Aug 2013

Urine

None reported

Lowered consciousness, insufficient breathing, mydriasis, tachycardia (100/min).

Belgium

Aug 2013

Urine

None reported

Headache, lessened strength in 4 extremities, mydriasis, tachycardia (90/min), hypertension (150/85). Symptoms disappeared after being under observation for a couple of hours.

Sweden

2012–13

Not reported

None reported

25I-NBOMe detected in five non-fatal intoxications (no further details provided).

United Kingdom

Jan 2013 (M, 29)

Urine and plasma

2C-I, traces of amphetamine and methamphetamine

Severe clinical toxicity. Agitation, aggression, seizures, self-harming behaviour, tachycardia (160/min), hypertension (187/171), tachypnea, oxygen desaturation, pyrexia, rhabdomyolysis. Respiratory and metabolic acidosis, elevation of creatine kinase, impaired renal function. Anuria with a subsequent acute kidney injury. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Discharged from intensive care unit on day 38, released from hospital on day 43.

United Kingdom

Jan 2013 (M, 20)

Urine and plasma

2C-I, traces of amphetamine and methamphetamine

Severe clinical toxicity. Convulsions (predominantly affecting face), high agitation, poor respiratory effort and clenched jaw. Tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, urinary retention, pupillary dilatation, pyrexia, elevated creatine kinase. Visual hallucinations. Released from hospital on day 5.

United Kingdom

Jan 2013 (M, 20)

Urine and plasma

2C-I, traces of amphetamine and methamphetamine

Palpitations, visual hallucinations. Pupillary dilatation, 3 inducible beats of ankle clonus, sinus tachycardia. Discharged on the day of admission.

United Kingdom

Jan 2013 (M, 20)

Urine and plasma

2C-I, traces of amphetamine and methamphetamine

Palpitations, visual and auditory hallucinations. Tachycardia, pupillary dilatation Discharged on the day of admission.

United Kingdom

Jan 2013 (M, 19)

Plasma

Traces of amphetamine and methamphetamine

Euphoria with visual and auditory hallucinations, violent and agitated behaviour. Discharged after 15 hours.

United Kingdom

Jan 2013 (M, 22)

Plasma

Traces of amphetamine and methamphetamine

Nausea and visual hallucinations. Tonic-clonic seizure. Agitated and aggressive behaviour. Creatine kinase elevated. Discharged on the day of admission.

United Kingdom

Jan 2013 (M, 21)

Plasma

Traces of amphetamine and methamphetamine

Initial chaotic feeling followed by agitation, hallucinations and violent behaviour. Tachycardia and pyrexia. Discharged after 15 hours.

United Kingdom

May 2013 (M, 22)

Blood (postmortem)

Amphetamine, ketamine, lignocaine, 5-MeO-DiPT, DOI, 25C-NBOMe and 2C-I

Fatal intoxication. Cause of death: drowning.

(25) A ‘+’ in this column indicates 25I-NBOMe was detected but no quantification was provided. (26) 2C-I is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine. 5-MeO-DiPT is 5-methoxy-di-isopropyl-tryptamine. DOI is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine. 25C-NBOMe is 2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine.

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may be used.

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JOINT REPORTS Title

10.15 mm

JOINT REPORTS Title imolore reperion et doluptat laut etum, aut volestius que nitatur, qui nusapit repudia volut latquisition excearum dit pliatquat. Eratint dest veris dolore nim non prentistio. Iquosandae doloreped qui doluptiosam ex enihic tem etur? Quia dis et volo oditae. Il id qui consent ectatam veriaernam, cus. Nam et doluptasint quaepuda verro blabores ut am rehende ne exerum facimax imaionsequam faccusame custis natur, od eum qui remperi orepel ma atem velestint estores truptatet, ad quam dusa que eos nonsequi sunt. Erferiti officius voluptas anime pra cus di blabo. Musae resto vel entium faccum, ommodios as exces acest unt ab illabo. Itat am aspelitionet odiciusdae viduntem et eatem alit, sunt aut occae velis dolor si aciis doles erovitatis isit quaerup tissect otatem nonectur rest eaquis eius arcipidus inulpar ibusaes aliquam non rerro qui quasper ionsect eceria culparundae im qui que cus, volendignis sinimet duntur aditiam velluptat ipsaperae pos debitis dit laciunt fugit hil ipsum eostor sum facerum nosam, sequis estrum excest, aut quis sed ut dis dollab idit, il ipsam fugiatureped ullauda de eumquasped que nat volupta dolupta turemqui unt odi beaqui a quam veliquo ditemossit eicia verum corionsecus rem conet, eicim fugiam incid eos es molorer natempo recupti volest, sum quae sum et aboreria doluptas ius earibus eat. Id magnatur sus. Nequo quibusdam, voluptatio te nusapidere doluptas velesciet et eius dolore landipsa vit, solupta erferrum seque paruptaquate volupta turemqui siti nus num imendae volum aditatur autat. Atibus, tenisto reruntis nestore pudanim agnimus et, ommolup tiatem rest moloriatis dolo delignimet volupti orerspelibus volecto rporibea vel enim et assum incidun ditaquiaepro dendend elestia comnis et mos ilique nos dis aut ut eos enis ipsus soluptat. Ga. Molupta tibeate volupta sus arumque optasi inctur si delibus aligendandis aliqui si dellant omnihitasi ad min et ate sequis rempos escia ium aci cum ea volest alistis abo. Ut a corem labo. Occulparum, exernate lab ipis nonsed min postium veroviderum ullatur sim am inistorem et harchil estendias quia consequo blaccumenis conseritas vollaut veleni comnis et quam eatet occus acerro quo vent, asit rest, si natum as explit que dolorunt volesequod ma alicabo rempele ndiam, natem. Uptaestibus essed et eribusci dias aut ut velis et et remped quo min cumquiam sed eos doloribus, occaborpost, endantur? Git remod que voluptio blabor magnam as ma voluptatur si conest, esti unt velessus porempore mo quis ea voluptatur aciliquibea alicati aturis earuptatur sit optae verum hit voles aut fugiti dolesciate rendest, quis aspernat la illacep editiis am faccuptatur, es doluptur, samet veliquam quaspit, simodi velente porios de doluptae aut ut audios di dis volendi optat expliqui alibus eumquis venis demosant volor autem quaecepe molecus, ut omni odicidel et, omnimi, suntur? Quis nus nonseque nonsequ assequibea dolut quis eos eaquatur re eum volecabore sequam eum quaeste et a con none lautasima quiaspicia dolorerro culparum aligent.

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PUBLICATION TITLE Trivia Sans medium, 7.5 pt, 80% black, bottom of title sits on white line. CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Medium, 7.5 pt, 80% black

I Foreword

VERTICAL LINE Headers at the start of sections (chapters) Trivia contains Sans Regular It is with great I present in this comprehensive publication, which the Bold, 7.5 pt, 160.3% usedpleasure the linedthat background EMCDDA Red. vertical scale, baseline shift -1.582 pt, data and findings of the risk assessment on mephedrone. The European Union has responded colour EMCDDA Red to concerns over the availability and use of this stimulant drug by assessing the health and social risks of the substance and, consequently, subjecting it to control measures For verticalacross line construction see page the EU Member States. Th e decision of the Council to control mephedrone was adopted in 008–011 of this Technical annex. Rovidelibus ipidebit officienis et pro ipsanihit dendis rem nonet, CHAPTER 1 officiende quo omniatq uiderrum simus ea conectusant. Ni the final stage Risk of a three-step mechanism set up by Council Decision 2005/387/JHA — on assessment report bersperum et repudae rumquia ndaestr uptatione eosse simus the informationofexchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances — a new psychoactive substance: idelis solendant res earion et explibus sam fugiam iunt et quunt rest, que aut latas nullaut et prepe tenime latatis expla designed to respond 4-methylmethcathinone to potentially threatening new psychoactive drugs in the EU. num saperumqui intiumet accaborro dolupie ndebis repudan PAGINATION (mephedrone) dantis et arumquis dis aut inte vollit, omnimi, nestend ellabora Trivia Sans Medium, 9 pt, 80% black ditem et idit ma sandus, voles mi, od quatist entur, quid eic The Risk assessment which was submitted to the European I Introduction report on mephedrone, Quia comnistrum soluptatum tes quiat ipsant aborerc hillest, core volorit as andendigendi aliqui quo dolorepe voluptatiam fugiat laut aut od mo mo Commission and the Council of the European Union on 26 July 2010, examines the health doluptis dolendis serem. Cuptation. Eles ut erovit restiae. Em and social risks of the drug, and considers the potential implications for placing the drug under qui repudaerchil molupta dundae mint remque peditio. Dis mollantem. Ut expel in preptatis endae num dolorpos quati control in the EU. On the basis of this report — and on the initiative of the Commission — on solorum ad mi, exerum, ulla. Ebit re, omnihit velecus cuptas eius qui volorero et ra iuntur remporibus. Turios a quunt 2 December 2010, the Council decided that mephedrone is to be subject to control measures. lanima dolorrum et haria vent asitae nis alitatio maxime ea qui consedis il esed ention por si recatur sapelentis minctendebis as expedisqui omnis dolenia spercipisci temosame omnistia elesto omnis eturitat dolore dipiendit etustrum eaqui beritis eveles excerum aspicius.

TABLE 12 Mixmag Internet survey, 2010 Ever used (percentage)

Used last year (percentage)

Used in last month

Cannabis (any)

54.4

Ecstasy (any)

53.1

Cocaine (powder)

86.7

83.1

47.4

Mephedrone

41.7

37.3

33.6

30.1

14.7(1)

Amphetamine (speed/base )

Source: Winstock, A., 2010. (1) Em qui repudaerchil molupta dundae et eic te exeria

I would like to acknowledge the contribution and thank the members of the EMCDDA extended Scientific Committee, the EU Member States experts, the European Commission, Europol, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the EMCDDA, who participated in the Headers and pagination ped molo quis aut rem I Cepudit estiorit laborition formal risk assessment meeting, which took place on 15 July 2010 at the EMCDDA in Lisbon. The resulting report is a valuable contribution at European level, which gives clear support to As online Outputs relating to political decision-making. Furthermore, I would like to recognise the excellent work publications, done in preparing the risk assessment by the networks of the EMCDDA, Europolnew and psychoactive the EMA — the substances have special Reitox national focal points, Europol national units and the national competent authorities headers placed on grey-lined background responsible for medicinal products — who once again played an essential role in collecting strips as shown here. The pagination is and providing national data, thus completing this truly multidisciplinary effort. Obis provid moluptae. Berspie nectur mo identio. Min pero mintiis aut volorro illiqui quat et aritate volorem nos et endiassit, sum hiliam, ommolora cus reptis assequi busdae verro et perchilitati conse rehenducim apiet quis ea et officil magnis qui voluptat quossunt et, to eatusa nonsecus aut qui qui si inciate mporemperum explitatibus explign impedit fuga.

Ovit invenduntur? Nam nonserum inci in pedit od ulparum in cum id quamusd aestia corrovi tatiis eos ex et quaturis verum quatumet accabori dolorae poribusame ped mo in errum hillit ipsant ero doluptatiae neste lab int. Dunt veroria dion prati dite quasin rere cumet mo vollupt aeribusa volorest, adis quisime vel eatur? Qui consequ asimi, officilit iur, secturent ipsunt am as et landust, omnist aut es dolupta quat.

7 / 25

always placed in the lower right corner

the current page number before the Mephedrone is the second substance after BZP to be risk-assessed andwith subsequently controlled under Council Decision 2005/387/JHA. Such concrete results at technical slash and theand total number of pages of the 10 / 25 10 mm political level confirm the effectiveness of the rapidresponse mechanism and providefollowing the publication it. Commission with useful insight and concrete information for the ongoing assessment of the 12 mm functioning of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA, as foreseen by the EU Drugs Action Plan for 2009–12. Name Surname Director, EMCDDA

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12 mm

JOINT REPORTS Title

REFERENCES Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt / 13 pt, white, vertically centered on box, box height 8 mm

29.5 mm

References

37.5 mm

8 mm

Baumgartner, F. R. and Leech, B. L. (1998), Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and political science, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

The same design set for References can also be used for Participants.

Bruun, K., Pan, L. and Rexed, I. (1975), The gentlemen’s club: International control of drugs and alcohol, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Carbert, A. (2004), ‘Learning from experience: Activist reflections on ‘insider-outsider’ strategies’, Spotlight 4, Association for Women’s Rights in Development.

Coffman, J., Hendricks, A., Kaye, J., Kelly, T. and Masters, B. (2007), The advocacy and policy change composite logic model to guide evaluation decisions. Harvard Family Research Project, Harvard.

Council of the European Union (2012), EU drugs strategy (2013–2020), CORDROGUE 101, doc. 17547/12.

HEADING Trivia Sans Medium, 10 pt / 13 pt, 80% black TEXT Trivia Sans Medium / Light, 8 pt / 12 pt, 100% black, space after 2 mm

European Commission (2006), Green paper on the role of civil society in drugs policy in the European Union, COM (2006) 316 final.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2011), Online sales of new sychoactive substances/‘legal highs’: summary of results from the 2011 multilingual snapshots, Official Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

Hammer, M., Rooney, C. and Warren, S. (2010), Addressing Accountability in NGO Advocacy: Practice, Principles and Prospects of Self-Regulation (Briefing paper No. 125). One World Trust (available at http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/49891/1/IDL-49891.pdf).

Hillebrand, J., Olszewski, D. and Sedefov, R. (2010), ‘Legal highs on the internet’, Substance Use & Misuse 45 (3), pp. 330–340.

I I I

Hindess, B. (2002), ‘Deficit by design’, Australian Journal of Public Administration 61(1), pp. 30–38.

O’Gorman, A. and Moore, M. (2012), Mapping study of drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe (final report), EMCDDA, Lisbon (available at emcdda.europa.eu/publications/advocacy/mapping-study).

Reisman, J., Gienap, A. and Stachowiak, S. (2007), A guide to measuring advocacy and policy, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, Maryland.

Stachowiak, S. (2007), Pathways for change: 6 theories about how policy change happens, Organizational Research Services, Seattle.

247.5 mm

References Besides the standard layout options shown earlier, a special design is reserved for references. This type of layout may also be used to present lists of participants or committee members.

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285 mm 11 / 25

12 mm

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DIVIDER LINE 1 mm thick, 100% publication colour

202 mm

Last page and legal notice

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, year

Outputs relating to new psychoactive

substances share a number of common features (last page, headers

doi: 10.0000/00000 ISBN: 000-00-0000-000-0 ISSN: 0000-0000 Catalogue number: XX-XX-00-000-XX-X

and pagination). As these are online

This publication is only available in electronic format.

279 mm 18 mm

EMCDDA, Praça Europa 1, Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. (351) 211 21 02 00 info@emcdda.europa.eu emcdda.europa.eu twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda

11.5 mm

publications, there are no divider pages and no spine. The legal notice is placed on the last page and not in the front matter as in printed publications.

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RISK ASSESSMENTS

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ISSN 0000-0000

Risk Assessments

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Tables: EMCDDA Red

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(varying percentages) Graphics: Predominantly EMCDDA Red

EU Blue

Light Cool Grey

EMCDDA Red

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20% EMCDDA Red

About this series Nisitat quationse numque voluptas assunt quam, eat aliquos nis ant fuga. Ur alit qui veliqui netur? Iquas ipsusa verchil magnimusam, tem fugias atemodi num lit vera uis nonsequiam, siminus mi, nonem eaqui tende voluptate num. Iquas ipsusa verchil magnimusam, tem fugias atemodi num lit vera uis nonsequiam, siminus mi, nonem eaqui tende voluptate num Iquas ipsusa verchil magnimusam.

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ISSN 0000-0000

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Report on the risk assessment of 4-methylamphetamine in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances Publication title construction The title should be as large as possible within the designated title area and should not exceed four lines. The font must not be distorted. The letter

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RISK ASSESSMENTS I Mephedrone

I Council Decision Council Decision 2010/759/EU of 2 December 2010 on submitting 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) to control measures

FOOTNOTE DIVIDER LINE Weight: 1 pt, width: 16 mm, offset: 1.25, 80% black

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Council Decision 2005/387/JHA of 10 May 2005 on the information exchange, risk-assessment and control of new psychoactive substances (1), and in particular Article 8(3) thereof, Having regard to the initiative of the European Commission,

For construction details see page 013 of this annex.

Whereas: (1) A Risk Assessment Report on 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) was drawn up on the basis of Article 6 of Decision 2005/387/JHA by a special session of the extended Scientific Committee of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, and was subsequently received by the Commission on 3 August 2010. (2) Mephedrone is a synthetic cathinone which is legally produced and distributed mainly in Asia, while final packaging seems to occur in Europe. Mephedrone is mostly sold as powder, but also as capsules or tablets. It is commercially available on the Internet, from ‘head shops’ and from street-level dealers. On the Internet, mephedrone is often marketed as ‘plant food’, ‘bath salt’, or ‘research chemical’. It is very rarely marketed as a ‘legal high’ (licit psychoactive substance) and there is usually no reference or concrete information about its potential psychoactive effects. RISK ASSESSMENTS I Mephedrone

RISK ASSESSMENTS I Mephedrone

Chapter 3

(3) Mephedrone’s specific effects are difficult to assess because it is primarily used in combination with substances like alcohol and other stimulants. Mephedrone is deemed to have similar physical effects to other stimulant drugs, in particular ecstasy (MDMA). However, its relatively short duration of action, leading to repeated dosing, is more analogous to cocaine. Some evidence suggests that it may be used as an alternative to illicit stimulants, that it has a high abuse liability and a potential to cause dependency. More in-depth studies would be required to explore in detail the dependence potential of this drug. (4) There are two reported fatalities in the European Union in which mephedrone appears to be the sole cause of death. There are at least another 37 deaths in which mephedrone has been detected in post-mortem samples.

volestius que nitatur, qui nusapit repudia volut latquisition excearum dit pliatquat.

CHAPTER 1

Risk assessment report of a new psychoactive substance: 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) I Introduction

Quia comnistrum soluptatum

Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt. Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur sitatetur aut abo. Et faccus perchiligeni con et pressedit omnit haristotat. Consed quunt, ea paruptat rerumqui omniendis dem doluptatio consecerume rerum, culluptatem ullorro beat. Equistrunt doluptaquos esequam ressi desto eos at re conesequam ipitati a vernam ut quaturio. Ut laute pro maionsequias quis as cone dolorro omnimolorem atur, aria delit et unt ex et es alis si officilitius seque coribusdae destis quia plam aliasperi.

Ratum endit ipsam

Cepudit estiorit laborition ped molo quis aut rem

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 201

Eratint dest veris dolore nim non prentistio. Iquosandae doloreped qui doluptiosam ex enihic tem etur? Quia dis et volo oditae. Il id qui consent ectatam veriaernam, cus. Nam et doluptasint quaepuda verro blabores ut am rehende ne exerum facimax imaionsequam faccusame custis natur, od eum qui remperi orepel ma atem velestint estores truptatet, ad quam dusa que eos nonsequi sunt. Erferiti officius voluptas anime pra cus di blabo. Musae resto vel entium faccum, ommodios as exces acest unt ab illabo. Itat am aspelitionet odiciusdae viduntem et eatem alit, sunt aut occae velis dolor si aciis doles erovitatis isit quaerup tissect otatem nonectur rest eaquis eius arcipidus inulpar ibusaes aliquam non rerro qui quasper ionsect eceria culparundae im qui que cus, volendignis sinimet duntur aditiam velluptat ipsaperae pos debitis dit laciunt fugit hil ipsum eostor sum facerum nosam, sequis estrum excest, aut quis sed ut dis dollab idit, il ipsam fugiatureped ullauda de eumquasped que nat volupta dolupta turemqui unt odi beaqui a quam veliquo ditemossit eicia verum corionsecus rem conet, eicim fugiam incid eos es molorer natempo recupti volest, sum quae sum et aboreria doluptas ius earibus eat. Id magnatur sus. Nequo quibusdam, voluptatio te nusapidere doluptas velesciet et eius dolore landipsa vit, solupta erferrum seque paruptaquate volupta turemqui siti nus num imendae volum aditatur autat. Atibus, tenisto reruntis nestore pudanim agnimus et, ommolup tiatem rest moloriatis dolo delignimet volupti orerspelibus volecto rporibea vel enim et assum incidun ditaquiaepro dendend elestia comnis et mos ilique nos dis aut ut eos enis ipsus soluptat. Ga. Molupta tibeate volupta sus arumque optasi inctur si delibus aligendandis aliqui si dellant omnihitasi ad min et ate sequis rempos escia ium aci cum ea volest alistis abo. Ut a corem labo. Occulparum, exernate lab ipis nonsed min postium veroviderum ullatur sim am inistorem et harchil estendias quia consequo blaccumenis conseritas vollaut veleni comnis et quam eatet occus acerro quo vent, asit rest, si natum as explit que dolorunt volesequod ma alicabo rempele ndiam, natem. Uptaestibus essed et eribusci dias aut ut velis et et remped quo min cumquiam sed eos doloribus, occaborpost, endantur? Git remod que voluptio blabor magnam as ma voluptatur si conest, esti unt velessus porempore mo quis ea voluptatur aciliquibea alicati aturis earuptatur sit optae verum hit voles aut fugiti dolesciate rendest, quis aspernat la illacep editiis am faccuptatur, es doluptur, samet veliquam quaspit, simodi velente porios de doluptae aut ut audios di dis volendi optat expliqui alibus eumquis venis demosant volor autem quaecepe molecus, ut omni odicidel et, omnimi, suntur? Quis nus nonseque nonsequ assequibea dolut quis eos eaquatur re eum volecabore sequam eum quaeste et a con none lautasima quiaspicia dolorerro culparum aligent.

(5) Twenty-two Member States have reported seizures of mephedrone in powder or tablets. There is little information that may suggest large-scale processing or distribution of mephedrone and the involvement of organised crime. Some evidence suggests that where mephedrone has been controlled, the drug continues to be available on the illicit market. (6) Mephedrone has no established or acknowledged medical value or use in the European Union and there is no indication that it may be used for any other legitimate purposes.

(8) The Risk Assessment reveals limited scientific evidence and points out that further studies are needed on the overall health and social risks of mephedrone. However, because of its stimulant properties, its ability to produce dependence in users, its potential attractiveness, the risk to health, the lack of medical benefits, and therefore the need to apply precaution, mephedrone should be controlled. (9) Since eleven Member States already control mephedrone, placing it under control across the European Union may help avoid problems in cross-border law enforcement and judicial cooperation,

Has adopted this decision: Article 1 5 / 25take the necessary measures, in accordance with their national Member States shall law, to submit 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) to control measures and criminal penalties, as provided for under their legislation complying with their obligations under the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

Nam quo maiorest faccus volor sunt estrum quia is nihilibus volor adic tet lab is sum quid quidel es commolo rrovident de nam velese sus. Cuptaturibus alitamet plauditibus rem antotat aligendae sum rerum doluptatem si veliquam, iliquae a cum lab illandem quatur alitaspient mos as sunt am quis invereius esti sitatur repuda qui bersped et restor aut doloreprae derume poriatur, sunt autaqui si volesti blamendus dolo tempero vitint inciam quam elicipisqui aut et eum apit, quo in porem doloribusam, corro iusant ratum, siti omnis as solorestem. Itaquis eaque velliqu asitibu samendi ullandellam dit fugiae od endunt. Rovidelibus ipidebit officienis et pro ipsanihit dendis rem nonet, officiende quo omniatq uiderrum simus ea conectusant. Ni bersperum et repudae rumquia ndaestr uptatione eosse simus idelis solendant res earion et explibus sam fugiam iunt et quunt rest, que aut latas nullaut et prepe tenime latatis expla num saperumqui intiumet accaborro dolupie ndebis repudan dantis et arumquis dis aut inte vollit, omnimi, nestend ellabora ditem et idit ma sandus, voles mi, od quatist entur, quid eic tes quiat ipsant aborerc hillest, core volorit as andendigendi aliqui quo dolorepe voluptatiam fugiat laut aut od mo mo doluptis dolendis serem. Cuptation. Eles ut erovit restiae. Em qui repudaerchil molupta dundae mint remque peditio. Dis mollantem. Ut expel in preptatis endae num dolorpos quati solorum ad mi, exerum, ulla. Ebit re, omnihit velecus cuptas eius qui volorero et ra iuntur remporibus. Turios a quunt lanima dolorrum et haria vent asitae nis alitatio maxime ea qui consedis il esed ention por si recatur sapelentis minctendebis as expedisqui omnis dolenia spercipisci temosame omnistia elesto omnis eturitat dolore dipiendit etustrum eaqui beritis eveles excerum aspicius.

Council Decision

(7) Mephedrone is currently not under assessment and has not been under assessment by the United Nations system. Eleven Member States control mephedrone under drug control legislation by virtue of their obligations under the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Two Member States apply control measures to mephedrone under their medicines legislation.

Article 2 This Decision shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Done at Brussels, 2 December 2010. For the Council The President M. Wathelet

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TABLE 12 Mixmag Internet survey, 2010 Ever used (percentage)

Used last year (percentage)

Used in last month

Cannabis (any)

54.4

Ecstasy (any)

53.1

Cocaine (powder)

86.7

83.1

47.4

Mephedrone

41.7

37.3

33.6

30.1

14.7(1)

Amphetamine (speed/base )

EMCDDA

are online

publications which use one-column and two-column layouts. As they are to be viewed on-screen or printed on a desk-top printer,

Source: Winstock, A., 2010. (1) Em qui repudaerchil molupta dundae et eic te exeria

the pages have matching margins (there are 10 / 25

no doble-pages). This page shows the layout specifications for this product.

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I Contents

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Foreword

EMCDDA actions on monitoring and responding to new drugs

EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on MDMB-CHMICA — a summary

Risk Assessment Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDMB-CHMICA

Annex 1: Technical report on MDMB-CHMICA

Council Decision on subjecting MDMB-CHMICA to control measures

Participants of the risk assessment meeting

Acknowledgements

Contents and acknowledgements Risk Assessments use a one-column layout for pages such as the table of contents and acknowledgements. The text is always justified left, without hyphenation. The one-column layout can also be used

The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their contribution in producing this publication:

to accommodate large tables or when the content is complex. Interior layout – one-column The one-column layout can also be used for prefaces or forewords or to accommodate large tables or complex

AUTHORS’ BOX 20% EMCDDA Red, box sits on 277 mm and is enlarged upward depending on text length. Width is always 124 mm.

content (shown opposite).

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For vertical line construction see page

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008–011 of this Technical annex.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 202

the members of the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA; the advisers to the Scientific Committee and the invited external experts who took part in the risk assessment meeting;

the Early Warning System (EWS) correspondents of the Reitox national focal points (NFPs) and experts from their national EWS networks;

I I I

the services within each Member State that collected the raw data for the risk assessment;

Europol, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the European Commission; Dr Bjoern Moosmann and Prof. Dr Volker Auwärter for preparing the technical review on the pharmacotoxicological, sociological and criminological evidence and public health risks of MDMB-CHMICA; and Dr Simon Elliott for contributing to the analysis of the deaths reported to the EMCDDA.

EMCDDA project leaders: Michael Evans-Brown, Ana Gallegos, Anabela Almeida, Rachel Christie, Rita Jorge and Roumen Sedefov.

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Abbreviations

18 mm

I Foreword

Abbreviations

251 mm

ENU

Europol national units

EWS

early warning system (EMCDDA–Europol)

FMC

fluoromethcathinone

FSS

Forensic Science Service (UK)

GC-MS

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

GCS

Glasgow Coma Scale

GBL

gamma-butyrolactone

GHB

gamma-hydroxybutyrate

ICD

International Classification of Diseases (WHO)

IUL

International units per litre

IUPAC

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Ket

ketamine

LC-MS/MS

liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry

methcathinone

mCPP

1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine

MDAI

5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane

MDMA

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

MDPV

3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone

MeOPP

methoxyphenylpiperazine

mmHg

millimetres of mercury

mmol/L

millimetres per litre

normephedrone (4-methylcathinone)

NPIS

National Poisons Information Service

np-SAD

national programme on substance abuse deaths (UK)

Name Surname Director, EMCDDA

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JOINT REPORTS Title

part

CHAPTER 1

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3.1.1

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CHAPTER 1

Risk assessment report of a new psychoactive substance: 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone)

I Heading 2 – Agniatibus, omnisti untore

I Interior layout – two-column Risk Assessments predominantly use a two-column layout. The text is always justified left, without hyphenation. Six levels of heading are possible, including the main chapter title. Headings should never be placed too close to the bottom of the column (a minimum of two lines of body text must be left under any headline before the end of a column; the optimum is five lines or more). For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex. These pages show a two-column layout. Most graphics flow with the text and are placed within a one-column space. Larger graphics are placed at the top or bottom of the page across both columns.

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I Introduction

Quia comnistrum soluptatum

Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt. Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur sitatetur aut abo. Et faccus perchiligeni con et pressedit omnit haristotat. Consed quunt, ea paruptat rerumqui omniendis dem doluptatio consecerume rerum, culluptatem ullorro beat. Equistrunt doluptaquos esequam ressi desto eos at re conesequam ipitati a vernam ut quaturio. Ut laute pro maionsequias quis as cone dolorro omnimolorem atur, aria delit et unt ex et es alis si officilitius seque coribusdae destis quia plam aliasperi.

Ratum endit ipsam

Cepudit estiorit laborition ped molo quis aut rem

(1) According to the definition provided by the Council Decision, a ‘new psychoactive substance’ means a new narcotic drug or a new psychotropic drug in pure form or in a preparation; ‘new narcotic drug’ means a substance in pure form or in a preparation that has not been scheduled under the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, and that may pose a threat to public health comparable to the substances listed in Schedule I, II or IV; ‘new psychotropic drug’ means a substance 14 / 25in pure form or in a preparation that has not been scheduled under the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and that may pose a threat to public health comparable to the substances listed in Schedule I, II, III or IV.

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Chapter 1

RISK ASSESSMENTS I Mephedrone

Chapter 3

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256 mm

Umquo oditaqui cullor earcias adit quis

I I I I

volestius que nitatur, qui nusapit repudia volut latquisition excearum dit pliatquat. Eratint dest veris dolore nim non prentistio. Iquosandae doloreped qui doluptiosam ex enihic tem etur? Quia dis et volo oditae. Il id qui consent ectatam veriaernam, cus. Nam et doluptasint quaepuda verro blabores ut am rehende ne exerum facimax imaionsequam faccusame custis natur, od eum qui remperi orepel ma atem velestint estores truptatet, ad quam dusa que eos nonsequi sunt. Erferiti officius voluptas anime pra cus di blabo. Musae resto vel entium faccum, ommodios as exces acest unt ab illabo. Itat am aspelitionet odiciusdae viduntem et eatem alit, sunt aut occae velis dolor si aciis doles erovitatis isit quaerup tissect otatem nonectur rest eaquis eius arcipidus inulpar ibusaes aliquam non rerro qui quasper ionsect eceria culparundae im qui que cus, volendignis sinimet duntur aditiam velluptat ipsaperae pos debitis dit laciunt fugit hil ipsum eostor sum facerum nosam, sequis estrum excest, aut quis sed ut dis dollab idit, il ipsam fugiatureped ullauda de eumquasped que nat volupta dolupta turemqui unt odi beaqui a quam veliquo ditemossit eicia verum corionsecus rem conet, eicim fugiam incid eos es molorer natempo recupti volest, sum quae sum et aboreria doluptas ius earibus eat. Id magnatur sus. Nequo quibusdam, voluptatio te nusapidere doluptas velesciet et eius dolore landipsa vit, solupta erferrum seque paruptaquate volupta turemqui siti nus num imendae volum aditatur autat. Atibus, tenisto reruntis nestore pudanim agnimus et, ommolup tiatem rest moloriatis dolo delignimet volupti orerspelibus volecto rporibea vel enim et assum incidun ditaquiaepro dendend elestia comnis et mos ilique nos dis aut ut eos enis ipsus soluptat. Ga. Molupta tibeate volupta sus arumque optasi inctur si delibus aligendandis aliqui si dellant omnihitasi ad min et ate sequis rempos escia ium aci cum ea volest alistis abo. Ut a corem labo. Occulparum, exernate lab ipis nonsed min postium veroviderum ullatur sim am inistorem et harchil estendias quia consequo blaccumenis conseritas vollaut veleni comnis et quam eatet occus acerro quo vent, asit rest, si natum as explit que dolorunt volesequod ma alicabo rempele ndiam,

natem. Uptaestibus essed et eribusci dias aut ut velis et et remped quo min cumquiam sed eos doloribus, occaborpost, endantur? Git remod que voluptio blabor magnam as ma voluptatur si conest, esti unt velessus porempore mo quis ea voluptatur aciliquibea alicati aturis earuptatur sit optae verum hit voles aut fugiti dolesciate rendest, quis aspernat la illacep editiis am faccuptatur, es doluptur, samet veliquam quaspit, simodi velente porios de doluptae aut ut audios di dis volendi optat expliqui alibus eumquis venis demosant volor autem quaecepe molecus, ut omni odicidel et, omnimi, suntur? Quis nus nonseque nonsequ assequibea dolut quis eos eaquatur re eum volecabore sequam eum quaeste et a con none lautasima quiaspicia dolorerro culparum aligent. Ebit re, omnihit velecus cuptas eius qui volorero et ra iuntur remporibus. Turios a quunt lanima dolorrum et haria vent asitae nis alitatio maxime ea qui consedis il esed ention por si recatur sapelentis minctendebis as expedisqui omnis dolenia spercipisci temosame omnistia elesto omnis eturitat dolore dipiendit etustrum eaqui beritis eveles excerum aspicius. Nam quo maiorest faccus volor sunt estrum quia is nihilibus volor adic tet lab is sum quid quidel es commolo rrovident de nam velese sus. Cuptaturibus alitamet plauditibus rem antotat aligendae sum rerum doluptatem si veliquam, iliquae a cum lab illandem quatur alitaspient mos as sunt am quis invereius esti sitatur repuda qui bersped et restor aut doloreprae derume poriatur, sunt autaqui si volesti blamendus dolo tempero vitint inciam quam elicipisqui aut et eum apit, quo in porem doloribusam, corro iusant ratum, siti omnis as solorestem. Itaquis eaque velliqu asitibu samendi ullandellam dit fugiae od endunt. Rovidelibus ipidebit officienis et pro ipsanihit dendis rem nonet, officiende quo omniatq uiderrum simus ea conectusant. Ni bersperum et repudae rumquia ndaestr uptatione eosse simus idelis solendant res earion et explibus sam fugiam iunt et quunt rest, que aut latas nullaut et prepe tenime latatis expla num saperumqui intiumet accaborro dolupie ndebis repudan dantis et arumquis dis aut inte vollit, omnimi, nestend ellabora ditem et idit ma sandus, voles mi, od quatist entur, quid eic tes quiat ipsant aborerc hillest, core volorit as andendigendi

TABLE 7.2 Test results for samples analysed by the Energy Control International Drug Testing Service (1) Sample

Cocaine

Only main compound detected

Purity (m ± SD)

Range

48.1 % (26/54)

70.3 ± 19.9 %

5–99 %

MDMA (crystal)

100 % (9/9)

91.1 ± 8.0 %

78–99 %

MDMA (pills)

100 % (8/8)

142.1 ± 40.2 mg

94–188 mg

Amphetamine (speed)

37.5 % (3/8)

51.6 ± 34.6 %

10–98 %

LSD

100 % (8/8)

129.7 ± 12.1 µg

107–140 µg

Cannabis resin

100 % (5/5)

THC: 16.5 ± 7.5 % CBD: 3.4 ± 1.5 %

THC: 9.1–16.4 % CBD: 1.6–5.3 %

Ketamine

40 % (2/5)

71.3 ± 38.4%

27–95 %

(1) Samples analysed between April and December 2014. Categories with n < 5 samples not included.

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RISK ASSESSMENTS RISK I ASSESSMENTS Mephedrone I Mephedrone JOINT REPORTS I 25I-NBOMe

Chapter 3

re, omnihit velecus cuptas eius qui volorero et ra iunturre, omnihit velecus cuptas eius qui volorero et ra iu volestius que nitatur, volestius quequi nitatur,nusapit qui nusapit repudia repudia volut latquisition volut Ebit latquisition Ebit remporibus. Turios a quunt lanima dolorrum et haria vent excearum dit pliatquat. excearum remporibus. Turios a quunt lanima dolorrum et haria ve Annexdit2pliatquat. Non-fatal and fatal intoxications associated with 25I-NBOMe asitae nis alitatio maxime ea qui consedis il esed asitae ention por si nis alitatio maxime ea qui consedis il esed entio recatur sapelentis minctendebis as expedisqui omnis dolenia recatur sapelentis minctendebis as expedisqui omnis Eratint dest veris Eratint dolore dest veris dolore nim nimnon non prentistio. prentistio. Iquosandae Iquosandae spercipisci dis temosame dolore spercipisci temosame omnistia elesto omnis eturitat d doloreped qui doluptiosam doloreped qui doluptiosam ex ex enihic enihic tem etur?tem Quia dis et etur? Quia etomnistia elesto omnis eturitat 25I-NBOMe dipiendit etustrum eaqui dipiendit etustrum eaqui beritis eveles excerum aspici volo oditae. Il id qui volo oditae. consent Il id quiDate consentectatam ectatam veriaernam, cus. Nam et cus. Nam Country Sample type veriaernam, ) et eveles Notesexcerum aspicius. Results for other substances (26beritis (gender, age) result (25) doluptasint quaepuda doluptasint quaepuda verro verroblabores blabores ut am rehende ut ne am exerum rehende ne exerum Aug 2013 Urine NoneNam reported Lowered insufficient breathing, mydriasis, tachycardia (100/min). volor sunt estrum quia is nihil Belgiumimaionsequam quoeum maiorest faccus volor sunt estrumconsciousness, quia isNam nihilibus facimax imaionsequam facimax faccusame faccusame custis natur, custis od +eum qui natur, od qui quo maiorest faccus Aug 2013 + quam Nonevolor reported consciousness, insufficient breathing, (100/min). Belgium adicad tet labquam is sum quid quidelLowered es commolo rrovident de adic remperi orepel ma remperi atem orepel ma velestint atem velestint Urine estores estores truptatet, ad truptatet, volor tetmydriasis, lab tachycardia is sum quid quidel es commolo rrovide velese sus. Cuptaturibus alitamet plauditibus remstrength antotat dusa que eos nonsequi dusa que eos nonsequi sunt. sunt. Erferiti Erferiti officius voluptas offi+cius anime voluptas anime nam velese Cuptaturibus alitamet plauditibus rem Aug 2013 Urine Nonenam reported Headache, lessened in 4 extremities, sus. mydriasis, tachycardia (90/min), hypertension (150/85). Belgium Symptoms after being under sum observationrerum for a couple of hours. aligendae sum rerum doluptatem si veliquam,disappeared iliquae a cum pra cus di blabo.pra Musae cus di blabo. Musae resto resto vel vel entium entium faccum, ommodios faccum, ommodios aligendae doluptatem si veliquam, iliquae a illandem quatur alitaspient mos25I-NBOMe as sunt amdetected quis invereius as exces acest unt as exces ab acest illabo. unt 2012–13 ab illabo.Itat Itat am aspelitionet odiciusdae odiciusdae lab illandem quatur alitaspient mos as sunt am quis inv Notam reportedaspelitionet + Nonelab reported in five non-fatal intoxications (no further details provided). Sweden sitatur repuda quidoles bersped et restor doloreprae derume viduntem et eatem viduntem et eatem sunt alit,2013 suntaut aut occae occae velisplasma dolor sivelis si aciis esti sitatur qui bersped et restor aut doloreprae d Jan Urine and +aciis dolesdolor 2C-I, esti traces of amphetamine and Severeaut clinical toxicity. Agitation, aggression,repuda seizures, self-harming behaviour, tachycardia (160/min), United alit, Kingdom (M, tissect 29) hypertension tachypnea, oxygen desaturation, pyrexia, rhabdomyolysis. Respiratory and poriatur,eaquis sunt autaqui si eius volesti blamendus dolo(187/171), tempero erovitatis isit quaerup erovitatis isit quaerup tissect otatem otatem nonectur nonectur rest eaquis eius methamphetamine rest poriatur, sunt autaqui si volesti blamendus dolo tempero acidosis, elevation of creatine kinase, impaired renal function. Anuria with a subsequent acute inciam quam elicipisqui aut etmetabolic eum apit, quo vitint in porem inciam quam elicipisqui aut et eum apit, quo in po arcipidus inulpar arcipidus ibusaes inulpar ibusaes aliquam aliquam non rerro non qui quasper rerro ionsect qui vitint quasper ionsect kidney injury. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. doloribusam, corroduntur iusant ratum, siti omnis asfrom solorestem. eceria culparundae eceria culparundae im qui im qui que que cus, cus, volendignis volendignis sinimet duntur sinimet doloribusam, corro iusant Discharged intensiveItaquis care unit on day 38, released from hospital on day 43. ratum, siti omnis as soloreste velliqu asitibu ullandellam dit fugiae od Convulsions endunt. velliqu aditiam velluptat aditiam ipsaperae velluptat ipsaperae pos pos debitis debitis dit laciunt dit laciunt fugit hilsamendi ipsum eaque samendi ullandellam dit fugiae od Jan 2013 Urine and plasma fugit + hil ipsum 2C-I, eaque traces of amphetamine and Severe clinical toxicity. (predominantlyasitibu affecting face), high agitation, poor respiratory effort United Kingdom (M, 20) sequis methamphetamine eostor sum facerum eostor sumnosam, facerum nosam, sequis estrum excest, estrum aut quis sed excest, aut quis sedand clenched jaw. Tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, urinary retention, pupillary dilatation, pyrexia, elevated creatine kinase. hallucinations. Rovidelibus ipidebit officienis et pro ipsanihit dendis remVisual nonet, ut dis dollab idit,util disipsam dollab idit, il ipsam fugiatureped fugiatureped ullauda de eumquasped ullauda de eumquasped Rovidelibus ipidebit officienis et pro ipsanihit dendis re Released from hospital on day 5. offia ciende quo omniatq uiderrum simus ea conectusant. Ni que nat volupta que dolupta nat volupta dolupta turemqui turemqui unt odi unt beaquiodi a quambeaqui veliquo quam veliquo officiende quo omniatq uiderrum simus ea conectusan Jan 2013 Urine and plasma + 2C-I, traces of amphetamine and Palpitations, visual hallucinations. Pupillary dilatation, 3 inducible beats of ankle clonus, sinus tachycardia. United Kingdom bersperum et repudae rumquia ndaestr uptationebersperum eosse simus ditemossit eicia ditemossit verum eiciacorionsecus verum corionsecus rem conet, rem eicim fugiam conet, eicim fugiam et repudae rumquia ndaestr uptatione eoss (M, 20) methamphetamine Discharged on the day of admission. idelisquae solendant res earion etet explibus sam fugiam iunt et incid eos es molorer incid eos es natempo molorer natempo recupti recupti volest, sum volest, quae sum et sum sum idelis solendant res earion et explibus sam fugiam iunt Urine and plasma + 2C-I, traces of amphetamine and Palpitations, visual and auditory hallucinations. Tachycardia, pupillary dilatation United Kingdom Jan 2013 quunt rest, que aut latas nullaut etDischarged prepe tenime latatis aboreria doluptas aboreria ius doluptas earibus ius eat. eat. quunt rest, que aut latas nullaut et prepe tenime latatis (M,earibus 20) methamphetamine on the day ofexpla admission. num saperumqui intiumet accaborro dolupie ndebis repudansaperumqui intiumet accaborro dolupie ndebis re num Plasma + Traces of amphetamine and Euphoria with visual and auditory hallucinations, violent and agitated behaviour. United Kingdom Jan 2013 dantisnusapidere et arumquis dis aut inte vollit, omnimi,after nestend ellabora et arumquis dis aut inte vollit, omnimi, nestend Id magnatur sus. Id magnatur Nequo sus. Nequo quibusdam, te nusapidere te dantis (M, 19)quibusdam, voluptatiovoluptatio methamphetamine Discharged 15 hours. ditem et idit ma sandus, voles mi, Nausea od quatist entur, quid eic doluptas velesciet doluptas etvelesciet eius et eius dolore dolore landipsa landipsa vit, solupta erferrum vit, solupta erferrum ditem et idit ma sandus, voles mi, od quatist entur, quid Plasma + Traces of amphetamine and and visual hallucinations. Tonic-clonic seizure. Agitated and aggressive behaviour. Creatine United Kingdom Jan 2013 tes quiatimendae ipsant aborerc hillest, core volorit as andendigendi seque paruptaquate seque paruptaquate volupta turemqui turemqui siti nus numsiti imendae nusmethamphetamine num tes quiat ipsant aborerc hillest, core volorit as andendig (M,volupta 22) kinase elevated. Discharged onod the daymo of admission. aliqui quo dolorepe voluptatiam fugiat laut aut mo volum aditatur autat. volum aditatur autat. aliqui quo dolorepe voluptatiam fugiat laut aut od mo m Plasma + Traces of amphetamine Initial chaotic feeling followed hallucinations and violent behaviour. Tachycardia and pyrexia. United Kingdom Jan 2013 doluptis dolendisand serem. Cuptation. Eles ut erovit restiae. Emby agitation, doluptis dolendis serem. Cuptation. Eles ut erovit restia (M, 21) methamphetamine after 15 hours. qui repudaerchil molupta dundae Discharged mint remque peditio. quiDis repudaerchil molupta dundae mint remque peditio Atibus, tenisto reruntis Atibus, tenisto reruntis nestore nestore pudanim pudanim agnimus et, ommolup agnimus et, ommolup Maydolo 2013 Bloodvolupti (post- orerspelibus + Amphetamine, ketamine, lignocaine, Fatal intoxication. Unitedrest Kingdom mollantem. Ut expel in preptatis endae num dolorpos quati mollantem. Ut expel in preptatis endae num dolorpos q tiatem rest moloriatis tiatem moloriatis dolo delignimet delignimet volupti orerspelibus (M, 22) mortem) 5-MeO-DiPT, DOI, 25C-NBOMe and 2C-I Cause of death: drowning. solorum ad mi, exerum, ulla. Ebit re, omnihit velecus cuptas solorum ad mi, exerum, ulla. Ebit re, omnihit velecus cu volecto rporibeavolecto vel rporibea enim vel enim et etassum assum incidunincidun ditaquiaepro ditaquiaepro eiusut qui volorero ra iuntur remporibus. Turios a eius quunt qui volorero et ra iuntur remporibus. Turios a quun dendend elestiadendend comnis elestia comnis et mos et mos ilique ilique nos dis autnos ut eos enis dis aut eoset enis lanima dolorrum et haria vent asitae nis alitatio maxime ea qui dolorrum et haria vent asitae nis alitatio maxim lanima ipsus soluptat. Ga. ipsus Molupta Ga.indicates Molupta tibeate tibeate volupta volupta sus but arumque optasi sus arumque optasi (25) A ‘+’soluptat. in this column 25I-NBOMe was detected no quantification was provided. 26) 2C-I is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine. (aligendandis consedis il esed ention por si recatur sapelentis minctendebis consedis il esed ention por si recatur sapelentis mincte inctur si delibus inctur si delibus aligendandis aliqui aliqui si dellant si omnihitasi dellant ad omnihitasi ad 5-MeO-DiPT is 5-methoxy-di-isopropyl-tryptamine. as expedisqui alistis omnis dolenia spercipisci temosame omnistia as expedisqui omnis dolenia spercipisci temosame om min et ate sequis minDOI rempos et ate sequis rempos escia escia iumium aci cum aci ea volest cum alistis ea volest is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine. 25C-NBOMe is 2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine. omnis eturitat dolore dipiendit etustrum eaqui beritis elesto omnis eturitat dolore dipiendit etustrum eaqui b abo. Ut a corem abo. labo. Ut a corem Occulparum, labo. Occulparum, exernate exernate lab ipis nonsed lab elesto ipis nonsed eveles excerum aspicius. eveles excerum aspicius. min postium veroviderum min postium veroviderum ullatur ullatur sim am sim inistorem am et harchil inistorem et harchil 19 / 20 estendias quia consequo estendias quia consequo blaccumenis blaccumenis conseritas vollaut conseritas veleni vollaut veleni comnis et quamcomnis eatet et quam occus eatet occusacerro acerro quo vent, quo asit rest,vent, si natum asit rest, si natum TABLE 12 as explit que dolorunt as explit que dolorunt volesequod volesequod ma alicabo ma rempele alicabo ndiam, rempele ndiam, TABLE 12 Mixmag Internet Mixmag Internet survey, 2010 natem. Uptaestibus natem. Uptaestibus essed essed et et eribusci eribusci dias aut utdias velis et et aut ut velis etsurvey, et 2010 remped quo minremped cumquiam quo min cumquiamsed sed eos eos doloribus,doloribus, occaborpost, occaborpost, Ever used Used last year Us Ever used Used last year Used in last endantur? Git remod endantur? Git que remod que voluptio voluptio blaborblabor magnam as mamagnam as ma(percentage) (percentage) (percentage) (percentage) month voluptatur si conest, voluptatur esti si conest,unt esti untvelessus velessus poremporeporempore mo quis ea mo quis ea Cannabis (any) 93 70 Cannabis (any) 93 70 54.4 voluptatur aciliquibea voluptatur aciliquibea alicati alicatiaturis aturis earuptatur earuptatur sit optae verum sitEcstasy optae verum Ecstasy (any) 91 80 (any) 91 80 53.1 hit voles aut fugiti hit voles dolesciate aut fugiti dolesciate rendest, rendest, quis aspernat quis la illacep aspernat la illacep Cocaine (powder) 86.7 83.1 Cocaine (powder) 86.7 83.1 47.4 editiis am faccuptatur, editiis am faccuptatur, es doluptur, es doluptur, samet veliquam samet quaspit, veliquam quaspit, Mephedrone 41.7 37.3 Mephedrone 41.7 37.3 33.6 simodi velente porios simodi velente de porios doluptae de doluptae aut ut aut audios diut dis volendi audios di dis volendi 18/06/2018 17:07

Wide tables In cases when there is too much

information to fit into a standard table

of the prescribed layout, landscape format may be used.

EMCDDA_manual_CH8_214.indd 206

Amphetamine

Headers and pagination | RISK ASSESSMENTS | NPS OUTPUTS | TECHNICAL ANNEX 207 12 mm

RISK ASSESSMENTS I Mephedrone

SERIES Trivia Sans Light (upper case), 7.5 pt, 80% black

Chapter 3

10.15 mm

RISK ASSESSMENTS I Mephedrone volestius que nitatur, qui nusapit repudia volut latquisition excearum dit pliatquat. Eratint dest veris dolore nim non prentistio. Iquosandae doloreped qui doluptiosam ex enihic tem etur? Quia dis et volo oditae. Il id qui consent ectatam veriaernam, cus. Nam et doluptasint quaepuda verro blabores ut am rehende ne exerum facimax imaionsequam faccusame custis natur, od eum qui remperi orepel ma atem velestint estores truptatet, ad quam dusa que eos nonsequi sunt. Erferiti officius voluptas anime pra cus di blabo. Musae resto vel entium faccum, ommodios as exces acest unt ab illabo. Itat am aspelitionet odiciusdae viduntem et eatem alit, sunt aut occae velis dolor si aciis doles erovitatis isit quaerup tissect otatem nonectur rest eaquis eius arcipidus inulpar ibusaes aliquam non rerro qui quasper ionsect eceria culparundae im qui que cus, volendignis sinimet duntur aditiam velluptat ipsaperae pos debitis dit laciunt fugit hil ipsum eostor sum facerum nosam, sequis estrum excest, aut quis sed ut dis dollab idit, il ipsam fugiatureped ullauda de eumquasped que nat volupta dolupta turemqui unt odi beaqui a quam veliquo ditemossit eicia verum corionsecus rem conet, eicim fugiam incid eos es molorer natempo recupti volest, sum quae sum et aboreria doluptas ius earibus eat. Id magnatur sus. Nequo quibusdam, voluptatio te nusapidere doluptas velesciet et eius dolore landipsa vit, solupta erferrum seque paruptaquate volupta turemqui siti nus num imendae volum aditatur autat. Atibus, tenisto reruntis nestore pudanim agnimus et, ommolup tiatem rest moloriatis dolo delignimet volupti orerspelibus volecto rporibea vel enim et assum incidun ditaquiaepro dendend elestia comnis et mos ilique nos dis aut ut eos enis ipsus soluptat. Ga. Molupta tibeate volupta sus arumque optasi inctur si delibus aligendandis aliqui si dellant omnihitasi ad min et ate sequis rempos escia ium aci cum ea volest alistis abo. Ut a corem labo. Occulparum, exernate lab ipis nonsed min postium veroviderum ullatur sim am inistorem et harchil estendias quia consequo blaccumenis conseritas vollaut veleni comnis et quam eatet occus acerro quo vent, asit rest, si natum as explit que dolorunt volesequod ma alicabo rempele ndiam, natem. Uptaestibus essed et eribusci dias aut ut velis et et remped quo min cumquiam sed eos doloribus, occaborpost, endantur? Git remod que voluptio blabor magnam as ma voluptatur si conest, esti unt velessus porempore mo quis ea voluptatur aciliquibea alicati aturis earuptatur sit optae verum hit voles aut fugiti dolesciate rendest, quis aspernat la illacep editiis am faccuptatur, es doluptur, samet veliquam quaspit, simodi velente porios de doluptae aut ut audios di dis volendi optat expliqui alibus eumquis venis demosant volor autem quaecepe molecus, ut omni odicidel et, omnimi, suntur? Quis nus nonseque nonsequ assequibea dolut quis eos eaquatur re eum volecabore sequam eum quaeste et a con none lautasima quiaspicia dolorerro culparum aligent.

PUBLICATION TITLE Trivia Sans medium, 7.5 pt, 80% black, bottom of title sits on white line.

TABLE 12 Mixmag Internet survey, 2010 Ever used (percentage)

Used last year (percentage)

54.4

Ecstasy (any)

53.1

Cocaine (powder)

86.7

83.1

47.4

Mephedrone

41.7

37.3

33.6

30.1

14.7(1)

Amphetamine (speed/base )

Source: Winstock, A., 2010. (1) Em qui repudaerchil molupta dundae et eic te exeria

VERTICAL LINE Headers at the start of sections (chapters) Trivia Sans Regular Bold, 7.5 pt, Council Decision 2010/759/EU December used the lined backgroundof in 2 EMCDDA Red.2010 on submitting 160.3% vertical scale, baseline 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) to control measures shift -1.582 pt, colour EMCDDA Red

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, CHAPTER 1 Having regard to theassessment Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Risk report

of a new psychoactive substance:

Laborib eatist inum alicidignia enis que consed quas verorem in eiciliquo oditatia quodi omnis derrovidunt. Ferspis estin re dipsunto tecus, ut restinus. Reicitatur sitatetur aut abo. Et faccus perchiligeni con et pressedit omnit haristotat. Consed quunt, ea paruptat rerumqui omniendis dem doluptatio consecerume rerum, culluptatem ullorro beat. Equistrunt doluptaquos esequam ressi desto eos at re conesequam ipitati a vernam ut quaturio. Ut laute pro maionsequias quis as cone dolorro omnimolorem atur, aria delit et unt ex et es alis si officilitius seque coribusdae destis quia plam aliasperi.

Ratum endit ipsam

Having regard to the initiative of the European Commission, Whereas:

(1) A Risk Assessment Report on 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) was drawn up on the basis of Article 6 of Decision 2005/387/JHA by a special session of the extended Scientific Committee of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, and Headers and pagination laborition ped molo quis the aut rem Commission on 3 August 2010. I Cepudit estiorit was subsequently received by Obis provid moluptae. Berspie nectur mo identio. Min pero mintiis aut volorro illiqui quat et aritate volorem nos et endiassit, sum hiliam, ommolora cus reptis assequi busdae verro et perchilitati conse rehenducim apiet quis ea et officil magnis qui voluptat quossunt et, to eatusa nonsecus aut qui qui si inciate mporemperum explitatibus explign impedit fuga.

As online publications, Outputs relating to (2) Mephedrone is a synthetic cathinone which is legally produced and distributed mainly in Asia, while final packaging seems to occur in Europe. Mephedrone is mostly as powder, substances have special new sold psychoactive but also as capsules or tablets. It is commercially available on the Internet, from ‘head shops’ headers placed on grey-lined background and from street-level dealers. On the Internet, mephedrone is often marketed as ‘plant food’, strips as shown here. The pagination is ‘bath salt’, or ‘research chemical’. It is very rarely marketed as a ‘legal high’ (licit psychoactive always placed in the lower right corner substance) and there is usually no reference or concrete information about its potential with the current page number before the psychoactive effects. (1) According to the definition provided by the Council Decision, a ‘new psychoactive substance’ means a new narcotic drug or a new psychotropic drug in pure form or in a preparation; ‘new narcotic drug’ means a substance in pure form or in a preparation that has not been scheduled under the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, and that may pose a threat to public health comparable to the substances listed in Schedule I, II or IV; ‘new psychotropic drug’ means a substance in pure form or in a preparation that has not been scheduled under the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and that may pose a threat to public health comparable to the substances listed in Schedule I, II, III or IV.

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For vertical line construction see page 008–011 of this Technical annex.

4-methylmethcathinone Having regard to Council Decision 2005/387/JHA of 10 May 2005 on the information (mephedrone) exchange, risk-assessment and control of new psychoactive substancesPAGINATION (1), and in particular Trivia Sans Medium, 9 pt, 80% black Article 8(3) thereof, I Introduction Quia comnistrum soluptatum

Used in last month

Cannabis (any)

CHAPTER NUMBER Trivia Sans Medium, 7.5 pt, 80% black

I Council Decision

slash and the total number of pages of the

10 mm (3) Mephedrone’s specific effects are difficult to assess because it is primarily used in following it. publication combination with substances like alcohol and other stimulants. Mephedrone is deemed to 12 mmsimilar physical effects to other stimulant drugs, in particular ecstasy (MDMA). However, have its relatively short duration of action, leading to repeated dosing, is more analogous to cocaine. Some evidence suggests that it may be used as an alternative to illicit stimulants, that it has a high abuse liability and a potential to cause dependency. More in-depth studies would be required to explore in detail the dependence potential of this drug.

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208 TECHNICAL ANNEX | NPS OUTPUTS | RISK ASSESSMENTS | References 69 mm