MORNINGS
TCHAIKOVSKY VIOLIN CONCERTO 22 JUNE 2018
CONCERT PROGRAM
Melbourne Symphony Orchestra Sir Andrew Davis conductor Anne-Sophie Mutter violin, Soloist in Residence* Stravinsky The Fairy’s Kiss: Divertimento Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto
* Supported by Mr Marc Besen AC and Mrs Eva Besen AO Running time: One hour, no interval In consideration of your fellow patrons, the MSO thanks you for silencing and dimming the light on your phone. The MSO acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the land on which we are performing. We pay our respects to their Elders, past and present, and the Elders from other communities who may be in attendance. 2
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MELBOURNE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA
SIR ANDREW DAVIS CONDUCTOR
Established in 1906, the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (MSO) is an arts leader and Australia’s longestrunning professional orchestra. Chief Conductor Sir Andrew Davis has been at the helm of MSO since 2013. Engaging more than 4 million people each year, the MSO reaches a variety of audiences through live performances, recordings, TV and radio broadcasts and live streaming.
Chief Conductor of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, Sir Andrew Davis is also Music Director and Principal Conductor of the Lyric Opera of Chicago. He is Conductor Laureate of both the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Toronto Symphony, where he has also been named interim Artistic Director until 2020.
The MSO also works with Associate Conductor Benjamin Northey and Cybec Assistant Conductor Tianyi Lu, as well as with such eminent recent guest conductors as Tan Dun, John Adams, Jakub Hrůša and Jukka-Pekka Saraste. It also collaborates with nonclassical musicians such as Elton John, Nick Cave and Flight Facilities.
In a career spanning more than 40 years he has conducted virtually all the world’s major orchestras and opera companies, and at the major festivals. Recent highlights have included Die Walküre in a new production at Chicago Lyric. Sir Andrew’s many CDs include Messiah nominated for a 2018 GRAMMY® Award, Bliss’ The Beatitudes, and a recording with the Bergen Philharmonic of Vaughan Williams’ Job/Symphony No.9 nominated for a 2018 BBC Music Magazine Award. With the MSO he has just released a third recording in the ongoing Richard Strauss series, featuring the Alpine Symphony and Till Eulenspiegel.
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ANNE-SOPHIE MUTTER VIOLIN
PROGRAM NOTES IGOR STRAVINSKY
(1882-1971)
The Fairy’s Kiss: Divertimento Sinfonia Swiss Dances and Waltz Scherzo Pas de deux Anne-Sophie Mutter is a fourtime GRAMMY® Award winner. Contemporary composers such as Krzysztof Penderecki, Sofia Gubaidulina, Wolfgang Rihm and John Williams have all composed for her. She premiered Sir André Previn’s The Fifth Season at Carnegie Hall in March 2018. Future performances include a recital of Mozart, Brahms and Franck sonatas with Daniel Barenboim and performances of Beethoven, Unsuk Chin (a world premiere) and John Williams’ Markings at Berlin’s Philharmonie. Anne-Sophie Mutter dedicates herself to numerous benefit projects and, since 2011, has regularly shared the stage with The Mutter Virtuosi, an ensemble formed from former and current scholarship-holders of the Anne-Sophie Mutter Foundation. Her latest disc is a recording of Schubert’s Trout Quintet with Daniil Trifonov, Maximilian Hornung, Hwayoon Lee and Roman Patkoló. The MSO is thrilled to host AnneSophie as 2018 Soloist in Residence.
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Stravinsky first established his reputation in the West through his association with Sergei Diaghilev’s legendary Ballets Russes, for whom he composed the ballets which have remained his most popular works – The Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911) and The Rite of Spring (1913). Towards the end of 1927, the dancer Ida Rubinstein, who was planning to establish a dance company of her own, approached Stravinsky’s publishers to enquire whether she might include his new ballet Apollon musagète in her repertoire. She was told that the European rights rested with Diaghilev, so she submitted to Stravinsky two ideas for new works, one of which he liked immediately. This was to compose a score inspired by the music of Tchaikovsky who had been a childhood idol. Stravinsky cherished memories of Tchaikovsky, pointed out to him by his father Feodor at the Mariinsky Theatre during the 50th anniversary production of Ruslan and Ludmila in 1893, two weeks before Tchaikovsky died. But Stravinsky’s lifelong regard for Tchaikovsky was founded on a great love for his music. In 1921, when
Diaghilev was mounting his lavish production of The Sleeping Beauty at London’s Alhambra Theatre, Stravinsky declared, in a letter to the Times, that Sleeping Beauty was ‘the most convincing example of Tchaikovsky’s great creative power’. He arranged two numbers for the London production, and his affection for this music is still apparent in the 1963 rehearsal of the ‘Bluebird pas de deux’ included on CBS’s complete set of Stravinsky Conducts recordings. Rubinstein gave Stravinsky free rein to choose both the subject matter and scenario of the ballet. He fashioned a storyline from Hans Christian Andersen’s tale The Ice Maiden, and decided to base his work on a selection of Tchaikovsky’s nonorchestral pieces – mostly piano and vocal works. The scenario is intended to be taken as an allegory of Tchaikovsky’s creative life. A child, separated from his mother, is found and kissed by a Fairy, then taken away to be looked after by villagers. At a village fête some 18 years later, the young man is celebrating with his fiancée when the Fairy, disguised as a gypsy, enters and tells the young man his future, promising good fortune. The young man and his fiancée dance by a mill, but when the fiancée goes away to put on her bridal dress, the Fairy appears, and lures the young man away with her. She bestows her fatal kiss on the young man, and encloses him forever in the land of Eternal Dwelling. Stravinsky chose about half of the complete ballet for inclusion in the four-movement Divertimento. In the Sinfonia, the Fairy kisses the child and disappears; Swiss Dances and Waltz
is the village fair and the young man’s betrothal. The Fairy leads the young man to his fiancée, playing round games with her friends, in the Scherzo, and the young couple dance together in the Pas de deux. It could be said that the scenario reveals some ambivalence towards Tchaikovsky’s art. The Fairy who bestows the kiss turns out to be malign. Lawrence Morton has suggested that, in Stravinsky’s mind, the fatal kiss planted on Tchaikovsky represented ‘the vulgarity of his symphonic climaxes and his boring sequences’. Morton further points out that the aspect of Tchaikovsky’s music most altered by Stravinsky is melody, the element most people would argue was Tchaikovsky’s real strength. But who could be confident in completely accepting the modernist Morton’s view of Stravinsky’s dissatisfaction with Tchaikovsky’s style? This work is the product of a deep immersion in an earlier countryman’s art. Tchaikovsky’s voice may sound, from a rewrought version of his song Tant triste, tant douce to a cadential figure from the Fifth Symphony, to a mere whiff of None but the Lonely Heart, another of Tchaikovsky’s songs, but the chugging rhythms, the precise articulations, the orchestration, ‘the syntax, idiom, accent, craft’ – there is not a bar that is not pure Stravinsky. It has been claimed that a certain spirit went out of Stravinsky’s music once he severed links finally with his homeland. The popular early ballets are imbued with the spirit of Russia, and Richard Taruskin has shown how deeply Stravinsky absorbed and transmuted 5
what may be called ‘aboriginal’ Russian and Ukrainian folk material in The Rite of Spring. In the 1920s, as Stravinsky began to pare down his style and subscribe to the values of Classicism, he also began to align himself with the more cosmopolitan strand of Russian culture, and he dedicated the short one-act opera Mavra (1921) to the ‘trinity’ of Glinka, Pushkin and Tchaikovsky. In The Fairy’s Kiss, Stravinsky’s expression of love for an honoured predecessor, there is a curious and moving warmth. In one sense, however, The Fairy’s Kiss did signify a rupture. Diaghilev was furious that one of his protégés should have been associated with such an inferior undertaking as the Ida Rubinstein Company, and the first performance at the Paris Opera on 27 November 1928 could be considered the end of their relationship. Gordon Kalton Williams Symphony Australia © 1998/2005 The Melbourne Symphony Orchestra first performed this work on 28 November 1961 during Stravinsky’s visit to Australia, under the direction of Robert Craft. The Orchestra most recently performed it on 15-17 November 2007 with Markus Stenz.
PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY
(1840-1893)
Violin Concerto in D, Op.35 Allegro moderato – Moderato assai Canzonetta (Andante) Finale (Allegro vivacissimo) Anne-Sophie Mutter violin It was the winter of 1877, and Tchaikovsky was in love. He wrote to his brother Modest about the ‘unimaginable force’ of the passion that had developed; its object was a young violinist and student at the Moscow Conservatorium, Josef Kotek. Kotek was a devoted and affectionate but platonic friend to Tchaikovsky, but soon became besotted with a fellow (female) student. The composer’s ardour cooled quickly, and within three weeks of discovering Kotek’s new relationship, Tchaikovsky had made his fateful proposal to Antonina Milyukova, a former Conservatorium student who had fallen in love with him. They married two months later, and as the depth of their cultural and personal differences quickly became clear, Tchaikovsky left his wife two months after that. Kotek and Tchaikovsky remained friends, however, and the Violin Concerto seems to have grown out of a promise that the composer made to write a piece for one of Kotek’s upcoming concerts. While Kotek was not, ultimately, the dedicatee or first performer of the work, he was of enormous help to Tchaikovsky in playing through sections of the piece as the composer finished them.
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After leaving his wife, Tchaikovsky, accompanied by one or other of his brothers (and at one point Kotek himself), travelled extensively in Western Europe. Tchaikovsky worked on the Violin Concerto in Switzerland in early 1878, not long after completing the Fourth Symphony and the opera Eugene Onegin. Commentators are generally agreed that both of those works reflect Tchaikovsky’s emotional reactions to the traumatic events of his marriage, though the composer himself was careful, in a letter to his patron, Nadezhda von Meck, to point out that one could only depict such states in retrospect. In any event, it seems likely that, apart from honouring a promise to Kotek, Tchaikovsky found the conventions of the violin concerto offered a way of writing a large-scale work without the personal investment of the opera and symphony. Like the great concertos of Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn and Sibelius, Tchaikovsky’s is in three substantial movements. The first develops two characteristic themes within a tracery of brilliant virtuoso writing for the violin, and like Mendelssohn, Tchaikovsky places the solo cadenza before the recapitulation of the opening material. As in the slow movement of the Fourth Symphony, the central Canzonetta works its magic by the deceptively simple repetition of its material. The work concludes with a bravura, ‘Slavic’ Finale which is interrupted only by a motif for solo oboe which for one writer recalls, nostalgically, a moment in the ‘Letter Scene’ from Onegin (which itself parallels the relationship between Tchaikovsky and Antonina).
The work was initially dedicated to the virtuoso Leopold Auer, who thought it far too difficult and refused to play it. In 1881 Adolf Brodsky gave the premiere in Vienna, where that city’s most feared critic, Eduard Hanslick, tore the piece to shreds: The violin is no longer played; it is pulled, torn, drubbed…We see plainly the savage vulgar faces, we hear curses, we smell vodka…Tchaikovsky’s Violin Concerto gives us for the first time the notion that there can be music that stinks to the ear. Hanslick, like many a music critic, made a bad call; Tchaikovsky had written one of the best-loved works of the concerto repertoire. Gordon Kerry © 2003 The Melbourne Symphony Orchestra first performed this concerto on 21 May 1938 with conductor George Szell and soloist Lionel Lawson. The Orchestra’s most recent performance was on 28 February 2017, with Benjamin Northey and Maxim Vengerov.
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MELBOURNE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA
Sir Andrew Davis Chief Conductor
Benjamin Northey Associate Conductor Anthony Pratt#
Tianyi Lu
Cybec Assistant Conductor
Hiroyuki Iwaki
Conductor Laureate (1974–2006)
FIRST VIOLINS Dale Barltrop Concertmaster
Sophie Rowell
Concertmaster The Ullmer Family Foundation#
Peter Edwards
Assistant Principal John McKay and Lois McKay#
Kirsty Bremner Sarah Curro
Michael Aquilina#
Peter Fellin Deborah Goodall Lorraine Hook Anne-Marie Johnson Kirstin Kenny Ji Won Kim Eleanor Mancini Mark Mogilevski Michelle Ruffolo Kathryn Taylor Michael Aquilina#
Amy Brookman* Madeleine Jevons* Michael Loftus-Hills* Susannah Ng* Oksana Thompson* Nicholas Waters*
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SECOND VIOLINS
CELLOS
Matthew Tomkins
David Berlin
Robert Macindoe
Rachael Tobin
Monica Curro
Nicholas Bochner
Principal The Gross Foundation# Associate Principal
Assistant Principal Danny Gorog and Lindy Susskind#
Mary Allison Isin Cakmakcioglu Freya Franzen Anonymous#
Zoe Freisberg Cong Gu Andrew Hall
Andrew and Judy Rogers#
Isy Wasserman Philippa West Patrick Wong Roger Young Jacqueline Edwards* VIOLAS Christopher Moore Principal Di Jameson#
Fiona Sargeant
Associate Principal
Lauren Brigden
Mr Tam Vu and Dr Cherilyn Tillman#
Katharine Brockman Christopher Cartlidge
Principal MS Newman Family# Associate Principal Assistant Principal
Miranda Brockman
Geelong Friends of the MSO#
Rohan de Korte
Andrew Dudgeon#
Keith Johnson Sarah Morse Angela Sargeant Michelle Wood
Andrew and Theresa Dyer#
Rachel Atkinson* DOUBLE BASSES Steve Reeves Principal
Andrew Moon
Associate Principal
Sylvia Hosking
Assistant Principal
Damien Eckersley Benjamin Hanlon Suzanne Lee Stephen Newton
Sophie Galaise and Clarence Fraser#
Robert Nairn* Vivian Siyuan Qu*
Michael Aquilina#
FLUTES
Anthony Chataway
Prudence Davis
Dr Elizabeth E Lewis AM#
Gabrielle Halloran Trevor Jones Cindy Watkin Elizabeth Woolnough Caleb Wright Lisa Grosman* Helen Ireland* Sophie Kesoglidis*
Principal Anonymous#
Wendy Clarke
Associate Principal
Sarah Beggs PICCOLO Andrew Macleod Principal
OBOES Jeffrey Crellin Principal
Thomas Hutchinson Associate Principal
Ann Blackburn
The Rosemary Norman Foundation#
COR ANGLAIS Michael Pisani
Alexander Morton* Rachel Shaw*‡ TRUMPETS Geoffrey Payne* Guest Principal
Shane Hooton
Associate Principal
William Evans Rosie Turner
Principal
TROMBONES
Rachel Curkpatrick*
Brett Kelly
CLARINETS
Principal
David Thomas
Tim and Lyn Edward#
Principal
Philip Arkinstall
Associate Principal
Richard Shirley Mike Szabo
Principal Bass Trombone
Craig Hill
TUBA
BASS CLARINET
Timothy Buzbee
Jon Craven
David J. Saltzman*
Principal
BASSOONS Jack Schiller Principal
Elise Millman
Associate Principal
Natasha Thomas CONTRABASSOON Brock Imison Principal
Colin Forbes-Abrams* HORNS
MSO BOARD Chairman Michael Ullmer Managing Director Sophie Galaise Board Members Andrew Dyer Danny Gorog Margaret Jackson AC David Krasnostein David Li Hyon-Ju Newman Helen Silver AO Company Secretary Oliver Carton
Principal
TIMPANI** Christopher Lane PERCUSSION Robert Clarke Principal
John Arcaro
Tim and Lyn Edward#
Robert Cossom HARP Yinuo Mu Principal
Ben Jacks*†
Guest Principal
# Position supported by
Saul Lewis
* Guest Musician
Ian Wildsmith*
† Courtesy of Sydney Symphony Orchestra
Principal Third Guest Principal Third
Abbey Edlin
Nereda Hanlon and Michael Hanlon AM#
Trinette McClimont
‡ Courtesy of Orchestra Victoria ** Timpani Chair position supported by Lady Potter AC CMRI 9
SUPPORTERS MSO PATRON
PROGRAM BENEFACTORS
The Honourable Linda Dessau AC, Governor of Victoria
Cybec 21st Century Australian Composers Program The Cybec Foundation
CHAIRMAN’S CIRCLE Marc Besen AC and Eva Besen AO The Gross Foundation Harold Mitchell Foundation David and Angela Li Harold Mitchell AC MS Newman Family Foundation Lady Potter AC CMRI Joy Selby Smith The Cybec Foundation The Pratt Foundation The Ullmer Family Foundation Anonymous (1) ARTIST CHAIR BENEFACTORS Associate Conductor Chair Benjamin Northey Anthony Pratt Orchestral Leadership Joy Selby Smith Cybec Assistant Conductor Chair Tianyi Lu The Cybec Foundation Associate Concertmaster Chair Sophie Rowell The Ullmer Family Foundation 2018 Soloist in Residence Chair Anne-Sophie Mutter Marc Besen AC and Eva Besen AO Young Composer in Residence Ade Vincent The Cybec Foundation
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East Meets West Supported by the Li Family Trust Meet The Orchestra Made possible by The Ullmer Family Foundation MSO Audience Access Crown Resorts Foundation, Packer Family Foundation MSO Building Capacity Gandel Philanthropy (Director of Philanthropy) MSO Education Supported by Mrs Margaret Ross AM and Dr Ian Ross MSO International Touring Supported by Harold Mitchell AC MSO Regional Touring Creative Victoria, Freemasons Foundation Victoria, The Robert Salzer Foundation, Anonymous The Pizzicato Effect (Anonymous), Collier Charitable Fund, The Marian and E.H. Flack Trust, Scobie and Claire Mackinnon Trust, Supported by the Hume City Council’s Community Grants Program Sidney Myer Free Concerts Supported by the Myer Foundation and the University of Melbourne
PLATINUM PATRONS $100,000+ Marc Besen AC and Eva Besen AO John Gandel AC and Pauline Gandel The Gross Foundation David and Angela Li MS Newman Family Foundation Anthony Pratt The Pratt Foundation Lady Potter AC CMRI Joy Selby Smith Ullmer Family Foundation Anonymous (1) VIRTUOSO PATRONS $50,000+ Di Jameson David Krasnostein and Pat Stragalinos Harold Mitchell AC Kim Williams AM IMPRESARIO PATRONS $20,000+ Michael Aquilina The John and Jennifer Brukner Foundation Mary and Frederick Davidson AM Margaret Jackson AC Andrew Johnston Mimie MacLaren John and Lois McKay Maria Solà
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CONDUCTOR’S CIRCLE Current Conductor’s Circle Members Jenny Anderson
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SUPPORTERS The MSO gratefully acknowledges the support of the following Estates:
HONORARY APPOINTMENTS
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The MSO relies on your ongoing philanthropic support to sustain our artists, and support access, education, community engagement and more. We invite our suporters to get close to the MSO through a range of special events. The MSO welcomes your support at any level. Donations of $2 and over are tax deductible, and supporters are recognised as follows: $1,000+ (Player) $2,500+ (Associate) $5,000+ (Principal) $10,000+ (Maestro) $20,000+ (Impresario) $50,000+ (Virtuoso) $100,000+ (Platinum) The MSO Conductor’s Circle is our bequest program for members who have notified of a planned gift in their Will. Enquiries: P (03) 8646 1551 E philanthropy@mso.com.au
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