Project 2 report

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING AND DESIGN BUILDING SCIENCE II (BLD 61303)

PROJECT 2 INTEGRATION PROJECT PETALING STREET COMMUNITY LIBRARY LIGHTING PROPOSAL REPORT AND CALCULATION NAME: MELISSA ANNE MEI HONG LI ID: 0320729 TUTOR: MR. SIVA 30TH NOVEMBER, 2016

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Space 1: Community CafĂŠ 1.1Daylight Analysis

03 04

1.11 Daylight Factor

04

1.12 Natural illumination

04

1.13 Conclusion

05

1.2 Artificial lighting Analysis

06

1.21 Lighting Specification

06

1.22 Lumen Method

07

1.23 Proposed Layout of fittings

08

1.24 PSALI (Permanent Supplimentary Artificial Lighting of Interiors)

09

2.0 Space 2: Memory Archive 2.1Daylight Analysis

10 11

2.11 Daylight Factor

11

2.12 Natural illumination

11

2.13 Conclusion

2.2 Artificial lighting Analysis and Calculations

12

2.21 Lighting Specification

12

2.22 Lumen Method

13

2.23 Proposed Layout of fittings

14

2.24 PSALI (Permanent Supplimentary Artificial Lighting of Interiors)

15

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1.0 SPACE 1: COMMUNITY CAFÉ The first space chosen for the purpose of daylighting analysis is the Community Café located on the ground floor level at the Eastern end of the library. It serves as a secondary entrance into the communal zone of the library.

Ground floor plan showing location of the Community Café NTS

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1.1 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS 1.11 DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION Zone Daylight Factor (%) Very bright >6 Bright 3-6 Average 1-3 Dark 0-1 MS1525: Daylighting Factor Distribution

Distribution Very large with thermal and glare problems Good Fair Poor

Floor area (m2)

7.375 x 6.075 = 44.80m2

Area of faรงade exposed to sunlight (m2)

7.375 x 3.140 = 23.16m2

Area of skylight (m2)

0

Daylight factor (%) (exposed faรงade & skylight area to floor area ratio)

(23.16 + 0) 44.80 = 0.52 x 100 = 52 x 0.1 = 5.2%

1.12 NATURAL ILLUMINATION CALCULATION Illuminance 110,000 lux 20,000 lux

Description Bright sunlight Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday Typical overcast day Sunrise or sunset on a clear day (ambient illumination) Fully overcast sunset/sunrise

1000-2000 lux 400 lux 40 lux

Illuminance level (clear blue sky, mid-day) = 20,000 lux Daylight factor df% = (E internal /E external) 100 E internal

= (5.2 x 20,000)/ 100 = 1040 lux

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1.13 CONCLUSION The Communal Café of the library has a Daylight Factor of 5.2% and natural illumination of 1040 Lux. The Daylight Factor falls within the requirement of MS1525 as it does not exceed 6%. However, the Internal Illuminance level of the space exceeds the standards of a Café/Restaurant space as specified by MS1525 which is 200 Lux. This could potentially cause discomfort in terms of glare for the users. The use of glass panels for this space would explain the high illuminance level achieved. However, the decision to use glass was based on the need to provide visual connectivity to the back alley with the objective of adding a communal program to activate a dormant zone. The café is located at the Eastern end to allow for maximum use of the morning sun. Furthermore, the ground floor is setback by 3m, allowing the Communal Café to be shaded by the floor above.

Rear façade of the library indicating entrance to the Community Café NTS

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1.2 ARTIFICAL LIGHTING PROPOSAL Artificial Lighting is required as the services of the Community Café extend into the evening resulting in the need for a comfortable lighting level.

1.21 LIGHTING SPECIFICATION LAMP TYPE

COB LED TRUNK DOWNLIGHT

Material Wattage (W) CRI Colour Temperature (K) Colour Designation Lumens Normal Life (Hrs)

Aluminium 35 W 80 3,000 K Warm White 2,000 lm 50,000 Hrs

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1.22 LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION SPACE 1

COMMUNITY CAFE

Dimensions (m)

Length (L) = 7.375m Width (W) = 6.075m Height of ceiling = 3.24m

Floor area, A (m2)

7.375 x 6.075 = 44.80m2

MS1525 Recommendation of Illumination Level, E 200 lux for Restaurants/Cafes (lux) Lumen of lighting fixture (lm)

2,000 lm

Height of luminaire (m)

3m

Work level (m)

0.75m

Mounting height, Hm (m)

3 – 0.75 = 2.25m

Reflection factors

Ceiling: 0.7

Room Index, K RI = L x W (L + W)Hm

= 7.375 x 6.075 (7.375 + 6.075) 2.25

Wall: 0.5

Floor: 0.2

= 1.48 Utilization Factor, UF

0.6

Maintenance Factor, MF

0.8

Number of Luminaires, N N= ExA F x UF x MF

=

200 x 44.8 2,000 x 0.6 x 0.8

= 10.33 ≈ 11 11 lamps are needed to reach the minimum requirement of 200 lux

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Maximum spacing distance between fittings SMax (m) SMax = 1.0 x 2.25 = 2.25m

SMax = 1.0 x Hm Layout of fittings

Rows required along the 6.075m side = 6.075 2.25 = 2.7 ≈ 3 rows Number of lamps per row = 11 3 = 3.6 ≈ 4 lamps Spacing along the 7.375m side = 7.375 4 = 1.84 ≈ 2m

1.23 PROPOSED LAYOUT OF FITTINGS The light fittings are arranged in 3 rows parallel to the glass curtain wall to ensure proper transition between daylight and artificial light. Each row contains 4 lamps spaced 1.6m (2m results in the lamp being too close to the wall) apart in order to fulfil the requirement of achieving an illuminance of 200 lux as stated in MS1525.

Proposed layout of luminaire fittings in Community Café. NTS 8|Page

1.24 PSALI (PERMANENT SUPPLIMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING OF INTERIORS)

Contour diagrams for Daylight and Artificial lighting in the Community Cafe Based on the calculations and light contour analysis, the 12, luminaires are controlled using a two-pole switch. The row A closest to the faรงade is controlled by one pole while the other two rows B and C are controlled by the 2nd pole. The area closer to the glass panels is well illuminated during the morning and afternoon, implying that artificial lighting is not required at this time. The inner area of the space however, may require artificial lighting earlier in comparison to the outer area. Rows B and C are switched on first as the daylight begins to fade, while Row A remains switched off until much later in the day. This ensures better transition and control of the luminaires so that the overall internal illuminance does not change abruptly as the day progresses.

Proposed layout of luminaire fittings and switch arrangement on reflected ceiling plan 9|Page

2.0 SPACE 2: MEMORY ARCHIVE One of the main programs of the Library, the Memory Archive is an exhibition space that displays historic documentation/photographs shared by the local community via a series of electronic exhibition panels. It is located at the Western end on the first floor of the Library. Note: Only the exhibition space of the room is considered for this analysis

First floor plan showing location of the Memory Archive NTS

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2.1 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS 2.12 DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION Floor area (m2)

10.1m x 6.1m = 61.61m2

Area of faรงade exposed to sunlight (m2)

16.5m2

Area of skylight (m2)

0

Daylight factor (%) (exposed faรงade & skylight area to floor area ratio)

(16.5 + 0) 61.61 = 0.27 x 100 = 27 x 0.1 = 2.7%

2.13 ILLUMINANCE CALCULATION Illuminance level (clear blue sky, mid-day) = 20,000 lux Daylight Factor DF% = (E internal / E external) 100 E internal

= (2.7 x 20,000)/ 100 = 540 lux

2.2 CONCLUSION A Daylight Factor of 2.7% is in accordance with the recommended standards of Ms1525 and suggests a fair distribution of daylight within the Memory Archive. The illuminance level of 540 Lux however, is higher than the standard value which is 300 Lux for Museums/Art Galleries. This issue is addressed in the design of a double skin faรงade system which consists of perforated Corten steel panels that cover a portion of the building that require less sun penetration.

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2.3 ARTIFICAL LIGHTING PROPOSAL FOR THE MEMORY ARCHIVE 2.31 LIGHTING SPECIFICATION LAMP TYPE

LED SPOTLIGHT

Material Wattage (W) CRI Colour Temperature (K) Colour Designation Lumens Normal Life (Hrs)

Aluminium 40 W 80 3,000 K Warm White 3,753 lm 50,000 Hrs

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2.32 LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION SPACE 2

MEMORY ARCHIVE

Dimensions (m)

Length (L) = 10.1m Width (W) = 6.1m Height of ceiling = 3.5m

Floor area, A (m2)

10.1 x 6.1 = 61.61m2

MS1525 Recommendation of Illumination Level, E 300 lux for Restaurants/Cafes (lux) Lumen of lighting fixture (lm)

3,753 lm

Height of luminaire (m)

3m

Work level (m)

0.8m

Mounting height, Hm (m)

3.5 – 0.8 = 2.7m

Reflection factors

Ceiling: 0.7

Room Index, K RI = L x W (L + W)Hm

= 10.1 x 6.1 (10.1 + 6.1) 2.7

Wall: 0.5

Floor: 0.2

= 1.4 Utilization Factor, UF

0.6

Maintenance Factor, MF

0.8

Number of Luminaires, N N= ExA F x UF x MF

=

300 x 61.61 3,753 x 0.6 x 0.8

= 10.26 ≈ 11 11 lamps are needed to reach the minimum requirement of 300 lux

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Maximum spacing distance between fittings SMax (m) SMax = 1.0 x Hm Layout of fittings

SMax = 1.0 x 2.7 = 2.7m Rows required along the 6.1m side = 6.1 2.7 = 2.26 ≈ 3 rows Number of lamps per row = 11 3 = 3.66 ≈ 4 lamps Spacing along the 10.1m side = 10.1 4 = 2.5m

2.33 PROPOSED LAYOUT OF FITTINGS The light fittings are arranged in 3 rows spaced 2.5m apart (Since Smax = 2.7m) and parallel to the positioning of the windows. Each row contains 4 lamps also spaced 2.5m apart in order to fulfil the requirement of achieving an illuminance of 300 lux as stated in MS1525.

Proposed layout of luminaire fittings in the exhibition space of the Memory Archive. NTS

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2.34 PSALI (PERMANENT SUPPLIMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING OF INTERIORS)

Contour diagrams for Daylight and Artificial lighting in the exhibition space of the Memory archive Based on the calculations and light contour analysis, the 12 luminaires are controlled using a two-pole switch. The row A closest to the windows is controlled by one pole while the other two rows B and C are controlled by the 2nd pole. The area closer to the windows is well illuminated during the morning and afternoon, even exceeding the required recommendation of 300 lux. This implies that artificial lighting is not required at this time while additional shading is required to help reduce the glare. Rows B and C are switched on first as the daylight begins to fade, while Row A remains switched off until much later in the day. This ensures better transition and control of the luminaires so that the overall internal illuminance does not change abruptly as the day progresses.

Proposed layout of luminaire fittings and switch arrangement on reflected ceiling plan 15 | P a g e