Classical Teacher Spring 2013 by Memoria Press

Saving Western civilization one student at a time ...

Spring 2013

Memoria Press

Home of the Classical Core Curriculum www.MemoriaPress.com

letter from the

Editor by Martin Cothran

In 1990, the Kentucky Legislature passed the most sweeping school reform legislation ever attempted by a state. Along with a massive tax increase (don’t you just love those?), the measure promised to shake up the state’s education system and, presumably, improve it. Several years into the reform effort, there was no question about things being shaken up: The question was whether the reforms were actually improving things. The early 1990s saw another wave of the permissivist educational ideas that have plagued education since the early 20th century. In the 1920s they called it “progressive education”; in the mid-1940s they called it “life adjustment” education; and in the late 60s and early 70s they called it “open classrooms.” The 1990s version of permissivism was labeled “outcomes-based education.” Like the previous spasms of educational nonsense—the look/say reading method, the New Math, unstructured classrooms—reformers attempted to undermine the traditional instructional practices that were once fixtures in schools. Phonics was thrown out in favor of the word-guessing methodology of “whole language,” and drill and practice in mathematics was replaced by the newest version of the New Math. At the time, I worked as a communications and legislative relations director for a state-level policy foundation. I wrote a Sunday article for the state’s second largest newspaper in which I argued that the reforms then being put in place were not the “back to basics” approach that most parents wanted, but were rather a “back away from basics” approach formulated in the ivory towers of our education colleges. You would have thought I had called for a return to the Dark Ages. In the next Sunday’s paper, two pages were devoted to a condemnation of me and all my works by various members of the educational establishment. For the next five or six years, I became the de facto leader of an army of rebellion which included teachers and parents who were up in arms about the abandonment of basic skills and academic rigor in favor of trendy fads and gimmicks they knew wouldn’t work. One of the chief targets of the reformers was grammar. One of the things teachers were told in professional development sessions around the state was that they were 2

not to teach formal grammar. They were to encourage the creativity of their students; correcting their mistakes would harm their self-esteem and prevent them from expressing themselves. Even with the youngest children, teachers were only to encourage, but never correct them. My first-grade son came home one day with a writing assignment in which he was to draw a picture and write a sentence at the bottom of the page about what he had drawn. He drew a picture of a bull, and wrote, “I leik buls.” The teacher’s comment read, “I love your best guess spelling.” It was apparently now considered good pedagogy to praise students for what they did wrong, rather than what they did right. Oh, brave new world, that has such people in it. To this day, if you talk to teachers in elementary schools—schools that, ironically, were once called “grammar” schools—they will express their fear of correcting their students’ grammar. Kentucky’s case is far from unique: The war against grammar is nationwide. Almost every major professional organization having anything to do with the teaching of English opposes the teaching of formal grammar. As David Mulroy points out in the feature article in this issue, the National Council of Teachers of English states in its official documents that the teaching of grammar has “a negligible … even a harmful effect on the improvement of writing.” Those of us who teach grammar (and particularly those of us who teach Latin, which is the best way to teach grammar) know this to be untrue—and we have the whole history of teaching on our side. No one before the 20th century believed such nonsense. Such eccentricities are a caprice of our education establishment and ill serve the children they purport to help.

www.MemoriaPress.com

THE CLASSICAL TEACHER

CONTENTS FEATURED ARTICLES 2 4 16 30 34 40 44

LOGIC & RHETORIC

Letter From the Editor by Martin Cothran The Three Methods of Teaching Latin by Cheryl Lowe The War Against Grammar by Dr. David Mulroy The Grammar of Logic by Martin Cothran English Grammar for the Grammar Stage by Cheryl Lowe The Shadow of God by Martin Cothran Why Should Christians Read the Pagan Classics? Reason #4: Education by Cheryl Lowe

CLASSICAL CORE CURRICULUM 11 12

7th Grade Curriculum Package New! Primary Curriculum Packages Jr. Kindergarten - 2nd Grade

14 24

Grammar School Curriculum Packages 3rd - 6th Grades Memoria Press Curriculum Map

32 33

27 28

36 36 37

Literature Study Guides Poetry Anthologies New! English Grammar (Grammar Stage)New! Introduction to Composition Classical Composition

Prima Latina Latina Christiana First Form Latin Series Henle Latin Series Greek Alphabet Book First Start French I & II

Book of Astronomy Book of Insects What's That Bird? J. H. Tiner Series New!

Timeline Wall Cards, Flashcards, Composition & Sketchbook, Handbook New! eBooksNew! D’Aulaires’ Greek Myths Grades 3-8 Famous Men Series Grades 3-8 Horatius at the Bridge The Trojan War The Iliad & the Odyssey Dorothy Mills Histories The Aeneid The Divine Comedy

Grades 6+ Grades 6-8 Grades 7+ Grades 6+ Grades 8+ Grades 10+

CHRISTIAN STUDIES 39

Grades 3-12

Christian Studies I-IV The City of God

Grades 3+ Grades 4-12

Grades 1-4 Grades 3-6

The Story of the Thirteen Colonies & the Great Republic 200 Questions About American History States & Capitals Artner Reader's Guide (American History) Geography I: Middle East, North Africa, & Europe United States Review Geography II: New!

Grades 5-12

Geography I Review New!

Grades 5+

Grades 3+ Grades 4+

Grades 5-8 Grades 5-8 Grades 3-6 Grades 3-8 Grades 4+ Grades 4+ Grades 5+

Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Oceania, & the Americas

Grades 8-12 Grades 5-8

Grades 3-8 Grades 10-12

AMERICAN / MODERN

Grades 1-7 Grades 3-12

SCIENCE 28

Grades 9-12

Ancient World, Ancient Greeks, Ancient Romans, & Middle Ages

LATIN, GREEK, & FRENCH 6 7 8 10

Grades 9-12

Rome, Greece, the Middle Ages, and Modern Times

LITERATURE, GRAMMAR, & WRITING 20 21 35

Grades 7-12

CLASSICAL STUDIES

Everything you need for one year + daily/weekly lesson plans!

Alphabet Books & Numbers Books First Start Reading & Classical Phonics Alphabet Wall Charts (Available in cursive & manuscript) New American Cursive 1, 2, & 3 Memoria Press Copybook Series Primary Supplements New!

Traditional Logic I & II Aristotle's Material Logic Classical Rhetoric Logic and Rhetoric Supplements:

Handbook of Christian Apologetics, Socrates Meets Jesus, Aristotle's Rhetoric, Figures of Speech, and How to Read a Book

PRIMARY YEARS 26

Spring 2013

Grades 4+

OTHER 22 42 43 46

Memoria Press Online Academy Enroll Today! Classical Latin School Association (CLSA) Memoria Press Conference Liberal Arts Supplements

Grades 5+ Grades 5+

MEMORIA PRESS

www.MemoriaPress.com

www.memoriapress.com/onlineacademy

4603 Poplar Level Road Louisville, KY 40213

ONLINE ACADEMY

Practical Latin

www.MemoriaPress.com

onfused about all the choices for Latin programs? Here is a breakdown of the three diﬀerent approaches to learning Latin. GRAMMAR-FIRST METHOD

1. Grammar forms are presented in a systematic, logical order to aid mastery and memory. 2. Vocabulary is limited initially in order to focus on memorization of the grammar forms. Vocabulary lists provide similar word groups to aid memory. 3. Syntax and translation are limited initially in order to focus on memorization of grammar forms.

The grammar-ﬁ rst method is consistent with the trivium stages of learning and is the traditional method used throughout history, although it was completely abandoned in the 20th century. The rationale for this method is three-fold: 1) a simultaneous focus on grammar forms, vocabulary, syntax, and translation overwhelms the beginning student 2) mastery of grammar forms is the essential ﬁrst step in learning Latin 3) to ensure mastery, grammar forms must be introduced in a logical order. Æ

The First Form Latin Series (see p. 8)

GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION METHOD 1. Grammar forms are introduced in an order that facilitates reading and translation, based on their frequency of use rather than their logical place in the grammar. For instance, lessons usually alternate between parts of speech rather than covering one part of speech per unit. 2. Vocabulary is introduced at an accelerated pace in order to facilitate reading and translation. Vocabulary lists consist of mixed parts of speech rather than similar word groups. 3. Syntax and translation are introduced early and covered along with the grammar forms.

The grammar-translation method was developed in the early 1900s. The rationale for this method is that the above grammar-ﬁrst method is boring and that a greater emphasis on translation increases student motivation and learning. The systematic and logical order of the grammar is sacriﬁced to increase the development of interesting translation exercises and readings. Æ Wheelock, Jenney, Henle, Latin Prep, Latin for Americans, Latin for Children, Latin Alive, and nearly all homeschool and mainstream Latin texts.

Latin Supplements

1-877-862-1097

NATURAL/CONVERSATIONAL/INDUCTIVE/IMMERSION METHOD 1. Grammar forms are presented following the reading or conversation, usually through inquiry or discovery methods. Grammar forms are usually fragmented. For instance, the nominative and accusative may be presented without other cases, or two cases from different declensions are presented together.

The natural or conversational method of learning modern languages was developed in the 1960s. The rationale for this method is that students should learn a foreign language in the natural way that they learned their native language. Attempting this method with Latin has been very recent.

2. Vocabulary is chosen to facilitate reading or conversation and is often listed in inflected rather than dictionary form.

The inductive or reading method of learning Latin is similar to the conversational method, though the focus is on reading rather than speaking. It was developed by Oxford and Cambridge in the 1980s.

3. Syntax follows the reading or conversation and is presented through inquiry or discovery learning.

Lingua Latina by Hans Orberg

Ecce Romani, Oxford Latin, and Artes Latinae

We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these three methods of teaching Latin in the next issue of The Classical Teacher.

Latin Supplements Latin Copybook Cursive: Hymns & Prayers $14.95 Grades 4+

This copybook has simple, clean pages to provide handwriting practice. It starts with an introduction to forming letters and numbers. Then students move to classroom Latin followed by sayings and hymns from Latina Christiana and the First Form Latin series. While improving their handwriting, students will memorize timeless Latin sayings and beautiful hymns.

Roots of English: Latin and Greek Roots for Beginners by Paul O’Brien Grades 6-8

$19.95

Latin Grammar for the Grammar Stage by Cheryl Lowe (All Ages)

$14.95

In order to learn words with Latin and Greek roots and use them appropriately, a young student needs to understand the meanings of their roots, preﬁxes, and suﬃxes. Roots of English presents careful analysis of these word elements so that the student learns not only the modern meanings of the words, but also their underlying, ancient meanings. Most of the Latin roots covered in this book correspond to the Latina Christiana I Latin vocabulary set.

A Latin grammar is a compendium of grammar forms and syntax in a systematic, concise, and easily accessible reference book. Designed speciﬁcally for students, Latin Grammar for the Grammar Stage includes all conjugations and declensions, plus a very basic introduction to Latin syntax (how to use the grammar). An essential resource for mastery and review, it can be used with the First Form series or any other Latin program.

The Book of Roots: Advanced Vocabulary Building From

Lingua Biblica: Old Testament Stories in Latin

Latin Roots by Paul O’Brien Grades 8+ Student $24.95 | Key $1.95

More advanced than Roots of English, The Book of Roots offers a comprehensive listing of derivatives for Latina Christiana I, along with Latin definitions, English derivatives, and etymology. There is also a section of weekly exercises that provides reinforcement. Ideal as a vocabulary roots course, this book also has significant practical appeal: it is an ideal standardized test prep book, training students to uncover the meanings of words by deciphering parts. A great resource for students who love words!

(Translation Course) by Martin Cothran Grades 9+ Student $19.95 | Teacher $19.95

This is an exciting supplementary translation program based on the Vulgate Bible. It provides a sampling of Bible story translations and exercises that will fortify the student’s knowledge of Latin vocabulary and grammar. A great companion to the Henle series, each lesson includes three levels of study. Level I has the easiest sentence translations. Level II includes more advanced sentence translations. Finally, Level III includes the entire translation with advanced exercises.

Latin

www.MemoriaPress.com Prima Latina

An introduction to Christian Latin by Leigh Lowe Grades 1-4 “We have found that students who start with Prima Latina are much more likely not only to continue Latin, but to love it!” Are you looking for a gentle introduction to Latin and a course that prepares your young student for a more advanced study of the language? Prima Latina is specifi cally designed for students and teachers with no Latin background.

PriMa Latina $90.90 complete set

$32.95 basic set

(student, teacher, CD, DVDs, flashcards)

(student, teacher, CD)

Student $14.00 | Teacher $14.00 | CD $4.95 | DVDs $45.00 | Flashcards $14.95

Student Book

• 25 lessons + 5 review lessons • Latin vocabulary words with corresponding English derivatives • Latin prayers • Grammar skills appropriate for primary grades • Consistent review

Teacher Manual

• Student book w/ answers keyed • Tests

Pronunciation Cd

• Complete verbal pronunciation • Four Lingua Angelica songs

dvds

• 3 discs, 9 hours (15-20 min./ lesson) • Comprehensive teaching by Leigh Lowe • Recitation & review, vocabulary practice, and explanation of derivatives • On-screen notes, diagrams, & examples • Self-instructive format

Flashcards

• Vocabulary with derivatives • Latin sayings • Conjugations & Declensions

This course was developed for children in 1st-4th grades who are still becoming familiar with English grammar and wish to learn Latin at a slower pace. Its goal is to teach and reinforce an understanding of the basic parts of speech while introducing Latin. It benefi ts the student by teaching him half of the vocabulary in Latina Christiana I and grounding him in the fundamental concepts of English grammar, the key to Latin study. The grammar lessons are set forth in a form appropriate for primary grades. The review lessons that follow each unit provide the consistent review needed to master Latin. With clear explanations and easy-to-read lessons in a two-color format, Prima Latina is perfect for those teachers and parents who would like to start their students on an early study of Christian Latin. Which Latin program is right for your student? See guide on page 15. “Order Leigh Lowe’s Prima Latina, along with the accompanying teacher’s guide and supplementary CD.” - Susan Wise Bauer & Jessie Wise “If you are beginning Latin and have no Latin background, this is the curriculum for you.” - Julie A., www.homeschoolreviews.com “We absolutely LOVE this program!!!” - Linda, www.homeschoolreviews.com

view samples online: www.MemoriaPress.com

Latin Supplements Prima Latina Copybook NEW! new American Cursive Grades 1-4

$14.95 Help your children practice their Latin while developing their penmanship skills. Includes a cursive vocabulary practice page from each Prima Latina lesson and a cursive Latin prayer practice page for each Prima review lesson.

Lingua Angelica: Latin Songs & Prayers

Song Book* $9.95 | Music CD* $11.95 *Song Book and music CD are used for Lingua Angelica I and II.

Lingua Angelica covers 28 beautiful hymns sung by a six-voice Gregorian chant choir. This song book and cd make a perfect addition to Prima Latina and Latina Christiana. Students will want to add the workbooks to their Latin study when they begin the First Form series, but when they are younger, listening to and learning the songs is a rich experience in itself. (Full program shown on page 20.)

Latin

1-877-862-1097 Latina Christiana I

Introduction to Christian Latin by Cheryl Lowe Grades 3-6 Latina Christiana I is, quite simply, the best Latin grammar course available for beginning students. Cheryl Lowe’s clear explanations, easy instructions, and step-by-step approach have led thousands of teachers and students to declare, “I love Latin!”

LATINA CHRISTIANA I $97.90 complete set

$39.95 basic set

(student, teacher, CD, DVDs, flashcards)

(student, teacher, CD)

Student $15.00 | Teacher $20.00 | CD $4.95 | DVDs $55.00 | Flashcards $14.95

Student Book

• 25 lessons + 5 review lessons • 10 vocabulary words per lesson w/ corresponding English derivatives • Latin sayings, songs, and prayers

Teacher Manual

• Student book w/ answers keyed • Weekly lesson plans • Tests, quizzes, & keys • Comprehensive teaching instructions

Pronunciation CD

DVDs

• 5 discs, 18 hrs. (35-40 min./ lesson) • Comprehensive teaching by Leigh Lowe • Recitation & review, vocabulary practice, and explanation of derivatives • On-screen notes, diagrams, & examples • Self-instructive format

Flashcards

• Vocabulary with derivatives • Latin sayings • Conjugations & Declensions

• Complete verbal pronunciation • Latin Prayers & songs

LATINA CHRISTIANA II $97.90 complete set

(student, teacher, CD, DVDs, flashcards)

Each lesson consists of a grammar form, ten vocabulary words, and a Latin saying that teaches students about their Christian or classical heritage. Five review lessons help ensure that your student has mastered the material. In addition, every lesson includes simple English derivatives of Latin words to help build English vocabulary. Exercises reinforce memory work and teach grammar in incremental steps through simple translation. Grammar coverage includes 1st-2nd declension nouns, 1st-2nd conjugation verbs, 1st-2nd declension adjectives, the irregular verb to be, and 1st-2nd person pronouns. The Teacher Manual includes a complete copy of the student book with overlaid answers and provides detailed weekly lesson plans, comprehensive teaching instructions, tests, weekly quizzes, and keys. The thirty lessons can be completed in a year for young students or in less time for older students. Move straight to First Form Latin after LC I (see p. 18). “I have taught my own children using your LC books and Henle, and yours is the best curriculum available.” - V.B., Latin teacher "The content, excellent quality, and organized layout make this an impressive beginning course ..." - CHC "You make it so easy and understandable. I cannot commend you enough! Thanks for all you've done to make Latin accessible ..." - L.F., homeschooling parent

$39.95 basic set (student, teacher, CD)

view samples online: www.MemoriaPress.com

Student $15.00 | Teacher $20.00 | CD $4.95 | DVDs $45.00 | Flashcards $14.95

Latina Christiana I: NEW! Review Worksheets by Brenda Janke Grades 3-6 Worksheets $9.95 | Answer Key $5.00 These supplemental review worksheets will help your students master the grammar and vocabulary they are learning in Latina Christiana I. Contains 1-2 pages of cumulative review for each LCI lesson.

LC Grammar Charts

$20.00 33’’ x 17” (6 charts total)

Grammar forms organized on wall charts is a great visual aid for Latin students. Our charts are in a large easy-to-read format that helps students see the organization of the Latin grammar at a quick glance.

Ludere Latine: Latin Word Games for Latina Christiana I & II by Paul O’Brien Grades 3+

$19.95 ea. (Ludere Latine I or II) Additional Copies $7.00 These word game supplements are stuﬀed with enrichment activities to help your students learn the vocabulary, grammar, and derivatives presented in Latina Christiana.

Latin

www.MemoriaPress.com

FIRST FORM LATIN $115 complete set

(all 5 books, CD, DVDs, flashcards)

$55 basic set

SECOND FORM LATIN $115 complete set

(all 5 books + CD)

(all 5 books, CD, DVDs, flashcards)

$55 basic set (all 5 books + CD)

Online Class (p. 22)

Latin Grammar Year One

Latin Grammar Year Two

by Cheryl Lowe Grades 5+ (or any age if completed Latina Christiana I) • 5 noun declensions • 1st - 2nd declension adjectives • 1st - 2nd conjugations in 6 tenses (active voice) • sum in 6 tenses • Syntax: nominative and accusative cases; complementary inﬁnitive; subject-verb agreement; noun-adjective agreement; predicate nouns and adjectives

"... I was quite reluctant to change programs, but I'm glad I did! It is well laid out, presents the information in bite-sized pieces, has a good amount of review and worksheets for each lesson, and explains the grammar and information very well." - Linda

by Cheryl Lowe Grades 6+

• 2nd declension -er -ir nouns and adjectives • 3rd declension i-stem nouns • 3rd declension adjectives of one termination • 1st and 2nd person pronouns and possessive pronoun adjectives • Prepositions with ablative and accusative • Adverbs and questions • 3rd, 3rd –io, and 4th conjugations in 6 tenses (active voice) • Present system passive of 1st - 4th conjugations and -io verbs • Syntax: genitive of possession; dative of indirect object; ablative of means and agent

Based on 20 years of teaching experience, First Form’s grammar-ﬁrst approach focuses on grammar forms and vocabulary because those are the grammar stage skills suitable for the grammar stage student. However, the First Form series is for students of all ages because all beginners, regardless of age, are in the grammar stage of learning. Syntax (how to use the grammar) and translation are logic and rhetoric stage skills, respectively, and quickly overwhelm the student unless they are introduced at a slow, gentle pace and taught for mastery. First Form is the ideal text for all beginners, grades 5 and up, or is a great follow-up to Latina Christiana I. "This is the best-structured course on any subject I have ever seen." - Andrew Pudewa, Institute for Excellence in Writing Student Text

• 34 two-page lessons on facing pages • Small, concise, unintimidating text in an attractive two-color format • Systematic presentation of grammar in ﬁve logical units • Appendices with English grammar, prayers, conversational Latin, vocab. index, & more!

Student Workbook

• 4-6 pages of exercises for each lesson • Exercises for practice and mastery • Grammar catechism for daily rapid-ﬁre review

Teacher Manuals

• Key to workbook & quizzes/tests • Copy of student book inset with comprehensive teaching instructions • Recitation schedule • Chalk Talk scripted lessons • FYI notes for teachers w/ limited background

Quizzes & Tests

• Reproducible weekly quizzes & unit tests

Pronunciation CD

• Includes the pronunciation of all vocabulary, sayings, and grammar forms for each lesson

view samples online: www.MemoriaPress.com

DVDs

• 3 discs, 9 hours (15-20 min./lesson) • Superb explanations • On-screen notes, illustrations, & diagrams • Recitations, Latin parties, & more!

Flashcards

• Vocabulary with derivatives • Latin sayings • Conjugations • Declensions

Latin

1-877-862-1097

THIRD FORM LATIN $115 complete set

(all 5 books, CD, DVDs, flashcards)

FOURTH FORM LATIN

$55 basic set

$140 complete set

(all 5 books + CD)

(all 5 books, CD, DVDs, flashcards + Henle I text, key, & grammar)

$80 basic set

(all 5 books, CD + Henle I text, key, & grammar)

Online Class (p. 22)

Latin Grammar Year Three

Latin Grammar Year Four NEW!

by Cheryl Lowe Grades 7+

by Michael Simpson & Cheryl Lowe Grades 8+

• Perfect system passive of 1st - 4th conjugations and -io verbs • 4th declension neuter nouns • 3rd declension adjectives of one and three terminations • Imperative mood, vocative case • Nine irregular adjectives • Regular and irregular comparison of adjectives and adverbs • Pronouns: 3rd person, demonstrative, intensive, reﬂexive • Active and passive subjunctive of 1st - 4th conjugations and -io verbs • Syntax: apposition; adjectives used as nouns; objective and partitive genitive; subjunctive in purpose clauses; exhortations; deliberative questions

• Participles, inﬁnitives, gerunds, and gerundives • Deponent verbs • Irregular verbs, including eo, fero, and volo • Plural nouns • Locative Case • Pronouns: relative and interrogative • Syntax: double accusative; relative clauses; sequence of tenses and indirect questions; impersonal verbs; indirect statements (accusative with inﬁnitive construction); gerundive of obligation

Fourth Form sets without Henle I: $115 complete set $55 basic set (all 5 books, CD, DVDs, flashcards)

(all 5 books + CD)

*Henle Latin is required for Fourth Form.

Latin Supplements Lingua Angelica I: Latin Songs & Prayers

(Translation Course)

by Cheryl Lowe

Latin Grammar Wall Charts First Form $20.00 (4 charts) 33" x 17" Second Form $20.00 (3 charts) 33" x 17"

$39.95 set (student & teacher, Song Book, & CD) Student $11.95 | Teacher $16.95 | Song Book* $9.95 | Music CD* $11.95 Lingua Angelica covers 28 beautiful hymns sung by a six-voice Gregorian chant choir. Because hymns have shorter, simpler sentences and clearer word structure than most Latin literature, the Christian Latin in this course is ideal when beginning Latin translation. In both LA I and II, the student book provides vocabulary work, space for interlinear translation, and grammar word study exercises. The teacher manual has a complete copy of the student book (w/answers) as well as instructions on how to use the course, making the teaching easier.

Lingua Angelica II Student $11.95 | Teacher $16.95

*Song Book and music CD are used for both LA I and II. (see above)

Seeing grammar forms organized on wall charts is a great visual aid for Latin grammar students. They are also a great aid for teachers during Latin recitations. Our grammar charts are in a large easyto-read format that help students see the organization of the Latin grammar at a quick glance.

First & Second Form Desk Charts $12.95

(First & Second Form together in one package) 8.5" x 11"

We have down-sized our First and Second Form Wall Charts into handy desk charts for individual student use. These are especially handy for homeschoolers who don't have wall space for poster-sized charts.

Latin

www.MemoriaPress.com

Henle Latin i

Advanced Christian Latin by Robert Henle Grades 8+

$28.45 Set (Text, Grammar, & Key)

Text $16.95 | Key $5.00 | Henle Grammar (used all 4 years) $9.50

Henle Latin II-IV

In the First Year text, a limited vocabulary of 500 words allows students to master grammar without being overwhelmed with large vocabulary lists. Repetitious Latin phrases and copious exercises produce mastery rather than frustration, and the mixture of Christian and classical content is appealing to students.

Henle Latin II Henle Latin III Henle Latin IV

Advanced Christian Latin by Robert Henle Grades 9+

Text $15.95 | Key $5.00 Text $15.95 | Key $5.00 Text $15.95 | Key $5.00

Note: Though Henle is considered a Catholic text, its superiority as a teaching resource and the outstanding benefits of its Christian perspective also make it appropriate for Protestants.

Supplements: The Book of Roots, Roots of English, Lingua Angelica, and Lingua Biblica

An Ideal Latin Sequence tRiViuM stage

Primary Grammar Prep

Ηenle Latin I: Study Guides Units 1-2 Units 3-5 Units 6-14

NEW!

Study Guide $14.95 | Test/Quiz Package $9.95 Study Guide $14.95 | Test/Quiz Package $9.95 Study Guide $14.95 | Test/Quiz Package $9.95

Need a litt le more guidance on how to use Henle? Our student guides will tell the student what to do at every step of the way. Each is broken down into 30 weekly lessons with daily student activities. Detailed, thorough, and well-organized, with check-off boxes for completed work, these guides will ease your transition into Henle.

gRaDe

latin PRogRaM

2nd

*Prima Latina (Beginning program for grades 1-4)

3rd

*Latina Christiana I (Beginning program for

Grammar Stage

4th

*First Form Latin

Memorize the Latin grammar

5th

Second Form Latin

6th

Third Form Latin

Logic Stage How to use the grammar - syntax & translation skills

Rhetoric Stage Read Latin literature

7th

grades 3-6)

(Beginning program for grades 5-12)

Fourth Form Latin/Henle I (syntax & Caesar prep)

8th

Henle II (Caesar) or *Henle Latin I for those beginning Latin in grades 8+

9th

Henle II

(Caesar)

10th

Henle III

(Cicero)

11th

Ovid

12th

AP Virgil

Greek

Greek Alphabet Book Grades 5+ by Cheryl Lowe

Student $15.00 | Key $10.00 Though the Greek alphabet is similar to our English alphabet, it is also diff erent enough to be a major impediment to the study of Greek. Delving into the Greek grammar and learning the alphabet at the same time is overwhelming for almost everyone. Give yourself the time to master the Greek lett ers and become comfortable with them before you plunge into Greek. Memoria Press’ Greek Alphabet program is a tour of the Greek lett ers, their formation, and sounds. A page is devoted to each lett er and includes a lett er diagram with arrows showing proper formation, printing lines showing placement of lett ers above and below the lines, lett ers to trace and copy, interesting facts and hints to help remember the lett er’s sound, and questions. Each lesson consists of three lett ers, a review page, and a quiz.

Classical Core Curriculum

1-877-862-1097

W H Y M EMOR I A PRESS? ✓ Lesson Plans ✓ Latin ✓ Classical Studies ✓ Christian Studies ✓ English Grammar ✓ Math ✓ Science ✓ Literature

✓ DVDs ✓ Flashcards ✓ CDs ✓ Reading ✓ Phonics ✓ Writing ✓ Penmanship ✓ Poetry

You can now oﬀer your child a complete and comprehensive classical Christian education.

Although the program itself is new, the ideas and the practices have been in use at Highlands Latin School for over a decade. The content your child will study is the curriculum all children in good schools once studied, only made easier to teach. It is a curriculum in which your student will learn the knowledge that once characterized a cultured person, and the core ideas and concepts of what was once called the “Christian West.” It is a study of our cultural heritage based on a careful selection of texts and focused on the classical model of structure and repetition that ensures mastery in all subject areas from language to mathematics.

NEW

Introducing

Classical Core Curriculum for 7th Grade! The Classical Core Curriculum has now graduated to the upper school. In the important step from the 6th grade to the 7th, students need to take the basic skills and knowledge they have mastered in the lower elementary grades and begin converting them into a more advanced command of skills subjects like Latin and math, and into a deeper understanding of history and literature. Memoria Press’ new 7th Grade Core Curriculum package does just this. Students begin advanced study in Latin grammar, and, having completed arithmetic, begin their study of prealgebra. Having studied the basic characters and events in ancient history, they begin their study of Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. In literature, they begin their study of Shakespeare. And if your student missed some or all of the Classical Core Curriculum before this? No worries. They can begin or continue Latin where they are and still pick up the basic outlines in ancient history and literature in preparation for Homer. In addition, the Shakespeare plays begin in the 2nd semester, allowing the student time to get ready. Don’t let your student miss out on the only complete and fully developed classical curriculum available.

7th GRADE $475 Complete Set (all books + Lesson Plans) $150 Consumable Books Set (for additional students) $30 Lesson Plans for One Year (only) • Seventh Grade Curriculum: Complete Lesson Plans for One Year • First, Second, Third, or Fourth Form Latin complete set • Seventh Grade Literature: Study Guide Sets w/ Novels • Book of the Ancient Greeks set • Book of the Ancient World set • Iliad & Odyssey set w/ Novels • Poetry for the Seventh Grade • College of the Redwoods Pre-Algebra • Rod and Staﬀ English 7 set • Geography: Exploring & Mapping the World set • Exploring Planet Earth set • Classical Composition: Refutation /Conﬁrmation Stage set

Classical Core Curriculum

www.MemoriaPress.com

$140

$290

JR. KINDERGARTEN

KINDERGARTEN

$140 Complete Set (all books + Lesson Plans) $45 Consumable Books Set (for additional students) $30 Lesson Plans for One Year (only)

$260 Complete Set (all books + Lesson Plans) $80 Consumable Books Set (for additional students) $30 Lesson Plans for One Year (only)

• Jr. Kindergarten Curriculum: Complete Lesson Plans for One Year • Counting With Numbers • Inside and Outside • Prayers for Children • Alphabet Books 1 & 2 • Coloring Books: Alphabet & Numbers • Richard Scarry's Mother Goose • Big Thoughts for Little People (Devotional) • Hailstones and Halibut Bones (Poetry) • Memoria Press Manuscript Wall Charts • Alphabet Flashcards NEW! • The Book of Crafts NEW!

• Kindergarten Curriculum: Complete Lesson Plans for One Year • Kindergarten Enrichment Guide NEW! • Copybook I • Composition & Sketchbook • The Golden Children's Bible • Christian Liberty Nature Reader (Book K) • Animal Alphabet Coloring Book • First Start Reading: A, B, C, D & Teacher Guide • Classical Phonics & SRA Phonics 1 • Primary Phonics Readers (20 books total) • Rod & Staﬀ Beginning Arithmetic 1: Student (Part 1), Teacher, & Practice Sheets • Numbers Books 1 & 2 • Soft and White, Fun in the Sun, & Scamp and Tramp • 1/2" ruled penmanship tablet • Kindergarten Art Cards NEW!

Supplemental Read-Aloud Program $340.00 A set of 34 classic picture books chosen for their beauty in prose and illustration. A great addition to any children's library, one book is read aloud and discussed each week in Jr. Kindergarten.

Supplemental Read-Aloud Program Set $275 | Set with Poetry $295

1st

Jr. K

Reading & Phonics

Christian Studies Alphabet Books (p. 26) Alphabet Coloring Book (p. 26) Richard Scarry's Mother Goose Hailstones and Halibut Bones

Prayers for Children Big Thoughts for Little People

SRA Phonics 1 Classical Phonics (p. 26) First Start Reading (p. 26) Animal Alphabet Coloring American Language Readers Nature Reader K Primary Phonics Readers

The Golden Children's Bible (p. 39)

SRA Phonics 2 Classical Phonics (p. 26) 1st Grade Literature Set (p. 20) Supplemental readers

The Golden Children's Bible (p. 39)

2nd

Latin SRA Phonics 3 Classical Phonics (p. 26) 2nd Grade Literature Set (p. 20)

Prima Latina (p. 6)

The Golden Children's Bible (p. 39)

Classical Core Curriculum

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$325

$370

1ST GRADE

2ND GRADE

$300 Complete Set (all books + Lesson Plans) $105 Consumable Books Set (for additional students) $200 Continuing MP Student Set $30 Lesson Plans for One Year (only) • First Grade Curriculum: Complete Lesson Plans for One Year • Copybook II • Composition & Sketchbook • New American Cursive 1 • The Golden Children's Bible • Classical Phonics • SRA Phonics 2 • Rod & Staﬀ Beginning Arithmetic 1: Student (Parts 1-2), Teacher, & Practice Sheets • First Grade Literature: Study Guides w/ Novels • A Little House Christmas Treasury • Christmas in the Big Woods • Winter on the Farm • 1/2" ruled penmanship tablet • First Grade Art Cards NEW! • Alphabet Wall Poster NEW!

$370 Complete Set (all books + Lesson Plans) $125 Consumable Books Set (for additional students) $315 Continuing MP Student Set $30 Lesson Plans for One Year (only) • Second Grade Curriculum: Complete Lesson Plans for One Year • Prima Latina complete set • Prima Latina Copybook • Copybook Cursive Scripture and Poems • Composition & Sketchbook • New American Cursive 2 • The Golden Children's Bible • SRA Phonics 3 • Rod & Staﬀ Math 2: Student (Units 1-5), Teacher, & Blacklines • Classical Phonics • Second Grade Literature: Study Guide Sets w/ Novels • 1/2" ruled penmanship tablet • Second Grade Art Cards NEW!

Supplemental Read-Aloud Program Set $290 | Set with Poetry $305

Writing & Penmanship

Math

Enrichment Numbers Coloring Book (p. 26) Counting With Numbers Inside and Outside

Alphabet Books (p. 26)

Copybook 1 Composition & Sketchbook (p. 27)

Book of Crafts Alphabet Flashcards (p. 27)

Art Cards Kindergarten Enrichment (p. 28)

Numbers Books (p. 26) Rod & Staff Math 1, Part 1

Copybook 2 Composition & Sketchbook New American Cursive 1 (p. 27)

Prima Latina Copybook (p. 6) Copybook Cursive Composition & Sketchbook New American Cursive 2 (p. 27)

Art Cards Alphabet Wall Poster (p. 28)

Rod & Staff Math 1, Parts 1-2

Rod & Staff Math 2

Art Cards (p. 28)

Classical Core Curriculum

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$400

3RD GRADE

4TH GRADE

$400 Complete Set (all books + Lesson Plans) $150 Consumable Books Set (for additional students) $30 Lesson Plans for One Year (only)

• Third Grade Curriculum: Complete Lesson Plans for One Year • Latina Christiana I complete set + Review Worksheets • Third Grade Literature: Study Guide Sets w/ Novels • D'Aulaires' Greek Myths set • Christian Studies I set • New American Cursive 3 • States & Capitals set • Astronomy set • Rod & Staﬀ Math 3 set • Rod & Staﬀ Spelling 4 set • English Grammar Recitation & Workbook I set • Introduction to Composition set • Poetry for the Grammar Stage • The Best Christmas Pageant Ever • Timeline Program NEW!

• Fourth Grade Curriculum: Complete Lesson Plans for One Year • First Form Latin complete set • Fourth Grade Literature: Study Guide Sets w/ Novels • Famous Men of Rome set • Christian Studies II set • Geography of the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe set • United States Review set • The Book of Insects set • Rod & Staﬀ Math 4 set • Rod & Staﬀ Spelling 5 set • English Grammar Recitation Workbook 2 set • Classical Composition: The Fable Stage set

Poetry for the Grammar Stage $19.95 | Timeline Program $39.95 | English Grammar Recitation $9.95

Supplemental Read-Aloud Program

(supplements for 4th-6th grades; included in 3rd grade package)

Novels (11 books) $150.00 | Picture Books (22 books) $300.00

Summer Reading (before 5th grade): Story of the World, Vol. 2 (p. 46)

Summer Reading (before 4th grade): Story of the World, Vol. 1 (p. 46)

Literature The Moffats Farmer Boy Charlotte's Web (p. 20)

Latina Christiana I (p. 7)

Greek Myths (p. 37)

Christian Studies I (p. 39)

First Form Latin (p. 8)

Famous Men of Rome (p. 37)

Christian Studies II (p. 39)

Lassie Come-Home Heidi The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (p. 20)

Famous Men of the Middle Ages (p. 37)

Christian Studies III (p. 39)

Adam of the Road Robin Hood The Door in the Wall King Arthur (p. 21)

6th

5th

3rd

Classical & Christian Studies

4th

Latin & Greek

Second Form Latin (p. 8)

Third Form Latin (p. 9) Greek Alphabet Book (p. 10)

Famous Men of Greece Trojan War Horatius at the Bridge (pp. 37-38)

Timeline Set (p. 36)

Christian Studies IV (p. 39)

The Hobbit Anne of Green Gables The Bronze Bow Treasure Island (p. 21)

Classical Core Curriculum

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$425

$450

5TH GRADE

6TH GRADE

$425 Complete Set (all books + Lesson Plans) $150 Consumable Books Set (for additional students) $30 Lesson Plans for One Year (only)

$450 Complete Set (all books + Lesson Plans) $150 Consumable Books Set (for additional students) $30 Lesson Plans for One Year (only)

• Fifth Grade Curriculum: Complete Lesson Plans for One Year • First or Second Form Latin complete set • Fifth Grade Literature: Study Guide Sets w/ Novels • Famous Men of the Middle Ages set • Christian Studies III set • Geography II set • Rod and Staﬀ Arithmetic 5 set • Rod and Staﬀ Spelling 6 & English 5 sets • What's That Bird? set • Exploring the History of Medicine set • Classical Composition: The Narrative Stage set

Golden Children's Bible $17.95

(supplement for 3rd-5th grades; included in K-2nd grade packages; also sold on p. 39)

Summer Reading (before 6th grade): Story of the World, Vol. 3 (p. 46)

English

Spelling

Writing

• Sixth Grade Curriculum: Complete Lesson Plans for One Year • First, Second, or Third Form Latin complete set • Sixth Grade Literature: Study Guide Sets w/ Novels • Famous Men of Greece set • Horatius at the Bridge • The Trojan War set • Christian Studies IV set • Rod and Staﬀ Arithmetic 6 set • Rod and Staﬀ Spelling 7 & English 6 set • The Story of the Thirteen Colonies and The Great Republic, 200 Questions About American History, & Everything You Need to Know About American History Homework • Exploring the World of Biology, Tree Book, Peterson First Guide: Trees • Classical Composition: The Chreia/Maxim Stage set • Greek Alphabet Book set

Summer Reading (before 7th grade): Story of the World, Vol. 4 (p. 46)

Modern St.

Math

Science

English Grammar, Workbook 1 (p. 35)

Rod & Staff Spelling 4

Introduction to Composition (p. 35)

States & Capitals (p. 29)

Rod & Staff Math 3

Book of Astronomy (p. 28)

English Grammar, Workbook 2 (p. 35)

Rod & Staff Spelling 5

Classical Composition: The Fable Stage (p. 45) Writing, Year 1

Geography I: The Middle East, North Africa, & Europe (p. 29)

Rod & Staff Math 4

Book of Insects (p. 28)

Rod & Staff English 5

Rod & Staff Spelling 6

Classical Composition: The Narrative Stage (p. 45) Writing, Year 2

Geography II: Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Oceania, & the Americas (p. 29)

Rod & Staff Math 5

What's That Bird? The History of Medicine (p. 28)

Rod & Staff English 6

Rod & Staff Spelling 7

The Thirteen Colonies and the Great Republic (p. 29)

Rod & Staff Math 6

The Tree Book Exploring the World of Biology

Classical Composition: The Chreia/Maxim Stage (p. 45)

The War Against Grammar

www.MemoriaPress.com

I have taught classics at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee since 1973. During these years, I have noticed a decline in the verbal skills of my students. Dr. David Mulroy is Professor Emeritus (Classics) at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He is the author of several volumes of translations of Greek and Latin poetry, most recently verse translations of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex and Antigone (University of Wisconsin Press).

It is embodied in the difficulties that they have in reading comprehension and English composition, as well as in the fact that few are capable of studying a foreign language successfully. The cause of the decline has never seemed mysterious to me. My students generally lack an understanding of basic grammatical concepts. Put most simply, they cannot classify words by part of speech. Most can identify prototypical examples of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs, but beyond that they are in the dark. Until 1996, I did not suspect that anyone questioned the value of knowing the parts of speech. But in 1996, Wisconsin’s Department of Public Instruction was drafting a new set of academic standards for the state’s public schools and invited suggestions from the general public. At a public hearing, I recommended that high school seniors be required to identify the eight parts of speech in a selection of normal prose, expecting that such a modest and reasonable suggestion would be immediately embraced by all concerned. I followed this recommendation with a letter to the editor of the Milwaukee Journal. To my surprise, I found myself embroiled in a controversy. I discovered that my suggestion ran directly counter to conventional wisdom among experts in K-12 education. As I went on to discover, the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), the nation’s leading professional group of English teachers—the equivalent of the American Medical Association or the American Bar Association—opposed formal instruction in grammar. That the professional association of English teachers

The War Against Grammar

1-877-862-1097 should issue a warning against the rigorous teaching of English grammar struck me as both ironic and symptomatic of a serious problem.

The Decline in Language Skills The clearest evidence of the problems that ensue in language arts when schools abandon formal instruction in grammar may lie in the well-known decline in the nation’s SAT scores. Both verbal and quantitative scores began to sink in 1963, the year of the NCTE “Braddock report,” which purports to have found that “the teaching of formal grammar has a negligible or … even a harmful effect on the improvement of writing.” The average verbal score dropped over 50 points, from 478 in 1963 to the 420s in the seventies. The quantitative score fell from 502 to 466 in 1980. Subsequently, quantitative scores rebounded somewhat, but verbal scores stayed in the 420s. In 1996, the College Board “recentered” the SAT scores. The average verbal score for that year, 428, was reported as 505. In 2002, the “recentered” verbal score was 504. Another stark indicator of a problem is a decline in the percentage of students studying foreign language on the college level. In 1965, 16.5 percent of college credits were earned in foreign language courses. This figure fell to 7.8 percent in 1977 and has fluctuated between 7.3 and 8.2 since then. Language teachers have gone to great lengths to attract and keep students, transforming their profession in the process. Emphasis on grammar in elementary language instruction is now passé. It has been replaced by various pedagogical innovations, especially the study of culture. The theory that the study of culture is a better way to learn a language is sometimes carried to foolish extremes. I eventually withdrew my son from public school in favor of homeschooling. The last straw for me was a project in his soi-disant French class. He was required to prepare a dessert made out of mangoes and powdered sugar, supposedly a favorite in Francophone Africa. At this point, he had not learned anything about the conjugation of French verbs. This emphasis on culture at the expense of grammar in foreign language classes is partly designed to revive dwindling enrollments, but has yet to produce any dramatic improvement. My hypothesis is that the problem lies not in the way that languages were or are

taught in college, but in the fact that fewer students are given the foundation in grammar in grade school that is necessary to succeed in the later study of a foreign language, however it is taught. The fact that teachers have seen instruction in grammar as a problematic element in the curriculum lends credence to this hypothesis. Apparently, their students tend to lose interest when discussion turns to conjugating verbs, so they break out the mangoes and powdered sugar.

Grammar as a Liberal Art Grammar entered education in the West as the first and most important of the seven liberal arts. In Plato’s Academy, students could not master philosophy unless they had first completed a basic curriculum, called enkyklios paideia (“rounded education,” whence the term “encyclopedia”). The subjects covered were grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, harmony (music), and astronomy. The Romans imitated this curriculum, referring to the subjects studied as the artes liberales, “the liberal arts.” This curriculum was preserved and practiced on into the Middle Ages, thanks in part to the continued popularity of books like Martianus Capella’s The Marriage of Philology and Mercury, an allegorical treatment of the liberal arts. The liberal arts were divided between the language arts of the trivium (grammar, logic, rhetoric) and the mathematical disciplines of the quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy). The entire intellectual realm is accessible to the person who has mastered these fields. The liberal arts are the ground rules of thought, not its end. In Aristotelian terms, they are not speculative disciplines, aimed at learning ultimate truths, but practical ones designed to serve ulterior purposes. The value of the liberal arts, in other words, is instrumental—but no less necessary for being so. Stobaeus, a 5th-century writer, told of Crantor, a prominent member of Plato’s Academy, who said that “no one could be initiated into the Greater Mysteries before the Lesser Mysteries nor attain philosophy without laboring in the 'rounded studies.'” This is a point made emphatically by the 4th century B.C. Greek orator Isocrates. The liberal arts, he says, do not by themselves make students better speakers or counselors, just eumathesteroi (better learners).

“Until 1996 I did not suspect that anyone questioned the value of knowing the parts of speech.”

The War Against Grammar We should not be learning (non discere debemus) the liberal arts, says Isocrates: we should have learned (didicisse) them.

Grammar As an Essential Taxonomy No matter how well attuned you may be to the secret harmonies of nature, you will not get very far as a naturalist without knowing the difference between birds and insects. The understanding of complex phenomena begins with taxonomy. Language’s basic taxonomic groups are referred to as “parts of speech.” The individual responsible for first dividing words into eight taxonomic groups is known to posterity as Dionysius Thrax (“The Thracian”), whose book Tekhnê Grammatikê (Art of Grammar) is among the most influential books ever written. It was the work that introduced the eight parts of speech to the world and became the standard textbook for centuries. His system was adopted by the Syrian, Armenian, and Roman grammarians, and through figures such as the Romans Donatus and Priscian, his influence pervades the grammars of modern European languages. This basic taxonomy of language became the first step in a liberal arts education.

The Humanist Revival of Grammar During the Middle Ages, logic became dominant in schools, displacing much of the emphasis on the systematic study of grammar. But through the later influence of men such as Francesco Petrarch and Lorenzo Valla, instruction in grammar was revived. In due course, new humanist Latin grammars modeled on Donatus and Priscian appeared throughout Europe. Desiderius Erasmus, who believed that young students needed to be trained in elementary grammar in the tradition of Dionysius and Donatus, visited England early in the reign of King Henry VIII, spreading the gospel of humanism in elite circles.

www.MemoriaPress.com His friend John Colet reestablished London’s leading cathedral school, St. Paul’s School. St. Paul’s became the first of the Renaissance grammar schools in England focusing on the study of classical literature based on a firm foundation of grammar. William Lily was the first high master of St. Paul’s. In the 1540s, Lily’s treatise on the parts of speech was combined with a work on morphology by Colet and published with a decree by Henry VIII prescribing its exclusive use in all British schools—“one brief, plain, and uniform grammar,” according to a letter to the reader in the 1544 version. Lily’s Grammar is a straightforward exposition of Latin morphology and syntax based on the eight parts of speech. Students were required to memorize Latin’s complicated system of inflectional endings by reciting paradigms. As in other humanistic grammars, all the features of Latin were explained by giving their English equivalents. Thus students were exposed to the fact that sentences in English also had subjects consisting of nouns and pronouns and that English verbs also had different forms expressing various tenses, moods, and voices. They learned about main clauses and main verbs. The promulgation of “one brief, plain, uniform grammar” in British schools occurred on the eve of the English literary Renaissance. From Chaucer’s death in 1400 to the mid-16th century, England did not produce any literary artists of lasting fame. Then the students who had been raised on Lily’s Grammar started coming of age: Edmund Spenser (1552-99), Francis Bacon (1561-1626), Christopher Marlowe (1564-93), John Ford (1568-1639), Ben Jonson (1572-1637), and, of course, William Shakespeare (1564-1616). Ben Jonson famously wrote that Shakespeare had “small Latin, less Greek.” In fact, Shakespeare’s education consisted of a grounding in Lily’s Grammar, followed by the reading of classical Latin authors and, if he stayed in school long enough, a smattering of Greek. Chronological considerations and references in his works have left scholars certain that he attended a grammar school shaped by the Erasmian reforms. According to Samuel Johnson, Shakespeare “had Latin enough to grammaticize his English.” Though it comes to the same thing, I would prefer to say that he had grammar enough to “grammaticize” his English. Understanding Latin has no bearing per se on one’s ability to write English, but the grammatical foundation on which Latin study is based in the humanist approach

1-877-862-1097 is directly relevant. The grammatical concepts are the transportable elements, and they are what even students with “small Latin” acquire.

Grammar’s Legitimate Role in the Curriculum It was not until the beginning of the twentieth century in America that a full-fledged revolt against the liberal arts occurred. This happened under the banner of “progressive education,” a pervasive movement in American education responsible for many things, both good and bad. Its bad effects resulted from carrying reactions against the liberal arts tradition to unjustified extremes. The elimination from the grade school curriculum of formal instruction in grammar is an example of such an extreme. Because of the great increase in the number of students going to high school after the turn of the twentieth century, educators began to argue that students should receive training in specific vocations and for other practical challenges that they would face as adults in a non-academic world. But besides introducing practical subjects into the curriculum, progressive educators have always taken a dim view, methodologically, of “formalism” in teaching. Formalism trades in rules and definitions that are specified ahead of time and is based on the assumption that, for any question, there is one correct answer, which the teacher knows and the student must be trained to produce. As rudimentary, practical subjects, the liberal arts have a natural affinity for formal modes of instruction. This is especially true of grammar. The point is not to reflect on the interesting behavior of words, but to learn basic rules and definitions—and to move on. As a prototypical, formal topic in the early years of education and the first of the liberal arts, grammar was inevitably targeted for elimination by radical progressives. But there is something to be said for hard-nosed, formal instruction—for rote learning. Knowing specified rules and definitions gives students autonomy. When they are right, they are right.

The War Against Grammar They do not have to rely on the teacher’s subjective approval. And this is particularly important for younger students. That grammar is most easily learned by the young was a familiar truth during the English Renaissance. According to the 1673 edition of Lily’s Grammar: Grammar, as she is a severe mistress, is also a coy one and hardly admits of any courtship but of the youthful votary. There are indeed many who by great industry have redeemed the want of early institution but in the performances of such there still appears somewhat of stiffness and force and what has more in it of art than nature.

I have devoted entire semesters to trying to teach the parts of speech, sentence diagramming, and the conjugation of English verbs to groups of college freshmen. At the end, the only students who had any facility in identifying the parts of speech were the few who entered the course already understanding them fairly well. The others displayed an inability to master the subject and had all the appearances of a hostile determination not to. It was like trying to teach table manners to a motorcycle gang. If the progressives are right in their opposition to formal instruction in grammar, then 2,000 years of Western education have been a charade. When I questioned her on this topic, a friend of mine who teaches English as a Second Language (ESL) and linguistics told me that she carefully refrained from criticizing nonstandard English in the classroom and felt it was important to do so. Then she added as a humorous aside, a throw-away line, that “of course” she policed her own daughter’s grammar with fanatical vigilance. It was, I thought, a moment of truth. People who use “good grammar” do not hesitate to force it on the children they love. In view of this, I often find myself annoyed by contemporary linguists who have made traditional English teachers objects of ridicule. Stephen Pinker, for example, the author of The Language Instinct, refers to dangling participles, split infinitives and the “other hobgoblins of the schoolmarm.” He is a brilliant linguist and author, but for teaching my children English, I’ll take the schoolmarm.

Literature

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dev elopi ng su pe r ior r e ade r s Reading requires an active, discriminating mind that is challenged to think, compare, and contrast. Students who have been challenged by good literature will develop into superior readers and will never be satisfied with poor-quality books. Each novel has been carefully selected to nourish your child's reading skills. The study guides focus on vocabulary, spelling, comprehension, and composition skills, which train students to become active readers. Each lesson includes a word study to help students build vocabulary. The comprehension questions challenge students to consider what they have read,

identify the important content of each story, and compose clear, concise answers (a difficult skill at any age). Writing is thinking, and good questioning stimulates the child to think and write. Each lesson also includes fun enrichment activities such as composition, map work, research, drawing, and much more! "I tend to want to trust Memoria Press most in all of this simply because I think they have excellent materials and because they provide very cogent articles in support of their position ..." - Brian G.

First Grade Literature $14.95

StoryTime Treasures Student Guide

$14.95

More StoryTime Treasures Student Guide

$10.00 Teacher Key

StoryTime Treasures Set

$40.00

More StoryTime Treasures Set

Student Guide $14.95 Blueberries for Sal $7.99 Little Bear $3.95 Make Way For Ducklings $7.99 Little Bear's Visit $3.95 Caps for Sale $6.99

Student Guide $14.95 Miss Rumphius $7.99 Billy and Blaze $5.99 The Little House $6.95

$52.00

The Story About Ping $3.99 Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie $6.95 Stone Soup $6.99 Blaze and the Forest Fire $5.99

Second Grade Literature $55.00

Literature Guide Set

$99.00

Literature Guide Set w/ Novels

Student Guides: The Courage of Sarah Noble, Little House in the Big Woods, Tales From Beatrix Potter, Mr. Popper's Penguins, and Teacher Key

Student Guides, Teacher Key, & Novels

The Courage of Sarah Noble

Little House in the Big Woods

Tales from Beatrix Potter

Mr. Popper's Penguins

Student Gd. $11.95 Novel $4.99

Student Gd. $11.95 Novel $6.99

Student Gd. $11.95 Stories (ea.) $6.99

Student Gd. $11.95 Novel $6.99

2nd Grade Lit. Teacher Key $12.95

Third Grade Literature $69.00

Literature Guide Set

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Literature Guide Set w/ Novels

Student & Teacher Guides: Farmer Boy, Charlotte's Web, The Moffats

Student Guides, Teacher Guides, & Novels

Farmer Boy

(Third Grade sets above do not include Homer Price)

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Charlotte's Web $11.95 $12.95 $8.99

Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

The Moffats $11.95 $12.95 $8.99

Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

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Literature Guide Set

$94.00

Literature Guide Set w/ Novels

Homer Price Beta Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

Student & Teacher Guides: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe; Heidi; Lassie Come-Home

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The Lion, the Witch ...

Heidi

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Lassie Come-Home $11.95 $12.95 $4.99

Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

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$11.95 $12.95 $5.99

Literature

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Fifth Grade Literature $95.00

Literature Guide Set

Student & Teacher Guides: King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table, Robin Hood, Adam of the Road, The Door in the Wall

$118.00 Literature Guide Set w/ Novels Student Guides, Teacher Guides, & Novels

King Arthur Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

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Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

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Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

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Literature Guide Set

Student & Teacher Guides: Anne of Green Gables, Treasure Island, The Bronze Bow, The Hobbit

$129.00 Literature Guide Set w/ Novels Student Guides, Teacher Guides, & Novels

Seventh Grade Literature $95.00

Anne of Green Gables

Treasure Island

Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

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The Bronze Bow $11.95 $12.95 $9.95

Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

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Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

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Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

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Beta!

Literature Guide Set

Student & Teacher Guides: The Wind in the Willows, Robinson Crusoe, As You Like It, A Midsummer Night's Dream

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The Wind in the Willows

Robinson Crusoe

Student Gd. Teacher Key Novel

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As You Like It $11.95 $12.95 $7.95

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Poetry Poetry for the Grammar Stage

Poetry for the Seventh Grade $19.95

Student $14.95 | Key $10.00

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Poems & Short Stories

Poetry: Book 2 $19.95

Grades 3-6

This poetry book is intended for use in the grammar school years as a supplemental study of the poetry students memorize in our literature study guides. Poetry study includes questions to help students analyze the meanings of the poems, including vocabulary work. Poems increase in difficulty as students move through the book over a four-year period.

Elizabethan Age to Neo-Classicism Romantic to Victorian Age

Poetry Anthologies

NEW!

Grades 7+

Did you ever wish you didn't have to sort through all the thousands of poems that have been written over the years to find the best of the best? Cheryl Lowe has done the work for you in these three new anthologies, including two volumes of British poetry and one volume of American poetry and short stories from the 19th-20th Centuries (which we use in the 7th grade). These anthologies will be a great supplement to your student's literature studies in these time periods.

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We oﬀer state-of-the-art, live audio/video instruction with high interaction between students and the instructor. Formats naturally vary depending on the course. Some of the activities may include lessons, drills, review, vocal recitation, and in-class discussions about the material. The Online Classical Academy emphasizes thought-provoking dialogue to stimulate thinking and class participation. Both motivate students to be prepared and foster a highquality learning environment.

Class times:

Only one class time per week is required for most courses, although some classes require more. Students have access to the instructor, quizzes, grades, and a virtual community of peers. Additionally, our instructors record and post all classes, so each past lesson can be revisited anytime!

Multiple class times are usually available for our courses. Each student must attend at least one of the scheduled class times. Students only attend one class time, but may attend an additional one with instructor approval. We are here to help students thoroughly and confidently grasp the material.

Dedicated support:

Customer service is a priority. You will never have to navigate through automated menus. During business hours, our team of committed staﬀ members is prepared to take your call directly and answer all your questions. For help, contact us at: help@memoriapress.com or (877) 862-1097. Prices range from $199.95 to $550

Memoria Press

Online Academy FACULTY & STAFF For detailed descriptions of individual classes, including course materials, please visit us online: www.MemoriaPress.com/OnlineSchool

AP American History AP Modern European History U.S. History

GOVERNMENT & ECON.

✓

Grade

Spring

Fall

These courses teach the basic ideas of political philosophy and economics (the basic structure of and inﬂuences on American government), with an emphasis on the diﬀerences between classical and modern political and economic philosophy.

✓ 10+ Intro to Classical Economics 10+ Intro to Classical Political Philosophy

✓ ✓ 7+ ✓ 9+ ✓ 9+ ✓ 10+

Traditional Logic I & II Material Logic with Aristotle Informal Logical Fallacies Classical Rhetoric with Aristotle

MATH & SCIENCE

We oﬀer a complete sequence covering a broad range of topics and use a logical, systematic, mastery approach to teach fundamental procedures and abstract mathematical concepts.

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

✓ 7-9 Pre-Algebra ✓ 9+ Algebra I & II ✓ 9+ Biology ✓ 9+ Anatomy & Physiology

Fall

Spring

Grade

Our sequence follows the traditional Aristotelian approach, teaching students to master the science and art of demonstration, as well as the fundamentals of deﬁ nition, classiﬁcation, and division.

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

4+ 5+ 6+ 6+ 8+ 8+ 8+ 9+ 10+ 4-5 6-7 7-8 7-8 9+ 9+ 10+ 11+

Classical Composition: Fable Stage Classical Composition: Narrative Stage Classical Composition: Chreia/Maxim Stage Middle School Composition I Middle School Composition II High School Composition I High School Composition II High School Composition III Composition: Senior Thesis Grammar School English Literature I Grammar School English Literature II Middle School English Literature I Middle School English Literature II English I/II: The Short Story English I/II: The Short Novel English III: The Divine Comedy English V Senior Seminar: Modernist Fiction & The Christian Response

COLLEGE PREP.

Our College Prep. courses focus on critical reading, math, and writing skills to ensure that students are especially prepared for standardized tests.

✓

Grade

9+ 9+ 6+

LOGIC & RHETORIC

Students will learn how to read, analyze, and discuss literature by gaining a basic understanding of plot, character, and sett ing. Implementing the method of writing instruction used for 1,500 years, students will also learn to express themselves with clarity, precision, and style.

Spring

Grade

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Fall

Spring

Students will have the opportunity to interact with the greatest minds from the greatest cultures of preceding civilizations through the study of the best primary and secondary sources.

✓ 3-5 Latina Christiana I ✓ 4+ First Form Latin ✓ 5+ Second Form Latin ✓ 6+ Third Form Latin ✓ 8+ Fourth Form Latin ✓ 6+ Middle School Latin I-II ✓ 8+ High School Latin I-IV ✓ 11+ High School Latin V: Virgil ✓ 9+ First Form Greek ✓ --- NLE Preparatory Course (Intro) ✓ --- NLE Preparatory Course (Level I)

ENGLISH

Fall

MODERN STUDIES

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Grade

3+ 3+ 6+ 5+ 10+ 10+ 11+ 10+

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Ms. Parry Instructor

Memoria Press’ grammar-based Latin & Greek programs teach the mother tongues of Western civilization in a clear, incremental, and systematic way. Fall

✓

Classical Studies I: The Greeks Classical Studies II: The Romans Classical Studies III: Greek Drama Classical Studies IV: Classical Metaphysics D'Aulaires' Greek Myths Famous Men of Rome Famous Men of Greece Famous Men of the Middle Ages Christian Studies: Early Church History Christian Studies: City of God Christian Studies: A Reformation Reader Christian Studies: Fundamentals

Mr. Nygaard Instructor

LATIN & GREEK

Fall

✓ 8+ ✓ 9+ ✓ 9+ ✓ 11+

Mr. Vaden Instructor

Spring

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Grade

Fall

A careful selection of primary and secondary sources as we take students through the history, thought, and geography of the cultures of Athens, Rome, and Jerusalem.

Spring

CLASSICAL/CHRISTIAN

Mr. King Instructor

Grade

Mr. Brooks Instructor

PSAT Mini-Prep Course

Grade

Mr. Lange Instructor

Spring

Mr. Piland Co-Director

Fall

Mr. Cothran Co-Director

(877) 862-1097 www.MemoriaPress.com/OnlineSchool

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

PRIMARY

Jr. K

877-862-1097

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

Literature Guides for Grades 1-7 (pp. 20-21)

Grades 3-8

Grades 4-8

D'Aulaires' Greek Myths (p. 37)

Famous Men of Rome (p. 37)

Grades 5-8

Famous Men of the Middle Ages (p. 37)

WRITING & GRAMMAR

Classical Core Curriculum Packages for Jr. K through 7th Grade Everything you need for one year! (pp. 11-15)

Grades 5-8 Famous Men of Greece (p. 37)

Grades 3-6

English Grammar Recitation I & II (p. 35)

Grades 6-8 Famous Men of Modern Times (p. 37)

Grades 6-8 The Trojan War (p. 38)

Grades 3-

Introduction to Composition (p. 3

Grades 6

Horatius at the Bridge (p. 37)

LATIN

CLASSICAL

LITERATURE

PACKAGES

www.MemoriaPress.com

Grades 3-6

Latina Christiana (p. 7)

Grades 7+

Traditional Logic I & II (p. 32)

Grades 9+

Material Logic (p. 32)

Grades 5+

First Form Latin (p. 8)

Grades 9+

Classical Rhetoric (p. 33)

Grades 6+

Second Form Latin (p. 8)

CHRISTIAN

LOGIC

Prima Latina (p. 6)

RHETORIC

Grades 1-4

Grades 7+

Third Form Latin (p. 9)

Grades 3-8

Christian Studies I-IV (p. 39)

Grade

The Boo Ancient W

Classical Christian Education for all Ages ...

Grades 4-12

Introduction to Composition (p. 35)

Grades 6+ Horatius at the Bridge (p. 37)

Grades 7+

Classical Composition (p. 45)

Grades 6-9

The Book of the Ancient Greeks (p. 38)

Grades 8+

Fourth Form Latin (p. 9)

Grades 6-9

The Book of the Ancient World (p. 38)

Grades K-1

Grades 10+ The City of God (p. 39)

Grades 1-4

First Start Reading (p. 26)

New American Cursive (p. 27)

Iliad & Odyssey (p. 38)

Grades 9+

Grades 5+ Greek Alphabet (p. 10)

Grades 6-9

The Book of the Ancient Romans (p. 38)

Grades 6-9 The Middle Ages (p. 38)

Grades 3-8

Grades 3-6 States & Capitals (p. 29)

Classical education made easier ...

p. 22

Grades 8+

The Aeneid (p. 38)

Grades 10+

Divine Comedy (p. 38)

Grades 5+

Henle Latin w/ Memoria Press Guides (p. 10)

200 Questions About American History (p. 29)

Copybooks (p. 27)

Academy

English Grammar Recitation (p. 35)

Grades 7+

Grades K-2

Online

SCIENCE

Grades 3-6

Grade K

Numbers Books (p. 26)

GREEK

Grade Jr. K

Alphabet Books (p. 26)

MODERN

PRIMARY

✓Complete curriculum packages ✓Customize your own package ✓Purchase books separately

Memoria Press Science (p. 28)

Grades 4+

Geography I (p. 29)

Grades 5+

Geography II (p. 29)

Grades 5-8

Story of the Thirteen Colonies (p. 29)

Primary Education

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Alphabet Books NEW! Recommended for Ages 4-5

$30.00 (2 book set) Learning the alphabet is the critical first step in learning how to read. The Alphabet Book teaches letter recognition, letter formation, and pencil grip through repetition and tracing. Activities, created with the younger student in mind, make learning each letter simple and fun. This book also introduces initial and ending sounds, providing a gentle introduction to phonics. The Alphabet Book acts as a great supplement to any primary program or fullyear preschool/kindergarten program.

Coloring Books NEW!

Alphabet & Numbers Recommended for Ages 4-5

$6.00 ea. Have you been searching high and low for junior kindergarten activities that are fun and instructional? Look no further! These coloring books have simple line drawings on uncluttered pages! The Alphabet Coloring Book has a 2-page spread for each letter, and the Numbers Coloring Book has two sets of 2-page spreads for numbers 0-12. These books are the perfect supplement to any junior kindergarten program.

Numbers Books NEW!

by Leigh Lowe Recommended for Kindergarten

$30.00 (2 book set) Written by Leigh Lowe (author of Prima Latina), the Numbers Book is the perfect introduction to numbers, counting, and patterns. Lots of tracing practice also makes this book ideal for the slightly older student who has already mastered counting, but still needs extra practice writing numbers. The activities (mazes, coloring, pattern recognition, connect the dots, and more!) are so much fun that your student won't be able to wait for the next lesson!

Alphabet Wall Charts (11''x17'')

Manuscript Charts $14.95 | Cursive Charts $14.95 (New American Cursive font)

Visual aids reinforce each letter of the alphabet while young students learn to read and write or practice their cursive penmanship. With beautiful letters, colors, and hand-drawn illustrations, they also make great educational posters for your home and/or classroom!

First Start Reading: Phonics, Reading, and Printing by Cheryl Lowe Recommended for Kindergarten

$39.95 set (Books A, B, C, & D + Teacher Guide) Your children can begin reading instantly as they progress through 4 simple student books and 34 phonetic stories. The Teacher Guide includes helpful assessments, tips, and more! • consonants • short & long vowels • 57 common words • manuscript printing • artist-drawn coloring pictures • drawing pages for every letter FSR is a balanced, age-appropriate approach to phonics and reading, with a serious focus on correct pencil grip and letter formation. Also, while many phonics programs today use the ladder approach (consonant-vowel blending), we prefer the more traditional (vowel-consonant) approach combined with word families. Mastery of short vowels is the sine qua non of phonics programs, but few programs provide adequate practice. *Note: Printing, an important pathway of the learning process, is an integral part of FSR. Some children, however, are reading-ready before their motor skills are developed enough for printing. If this is the case with your child, you may use FSR without the printing component.

Classical Phonics

A Child's Guide to Word Mastery Grades K-2

$14.95 Classical Phonics consists of phonetically-arranged word lists for students to practice their growing word recognition skills. In a word list there are no context clues, so the learner must rely on his mastery of letter sounds. For instance, if your child can pronounce each word in this list correctly – pot, pat, pit, put, pet – he knows his short vowel sounds, and you can move on to long vowels! If not, he needs more practice, and Classical Phonics is the most effective tool we know of to address the repetition that young ones need when learning to read. It can be used as a supplement to any phonics program and covers nearly all English phonograms and sounds taught through second grade. Classical Phonics is your go-to resource for phonics practice and for building confident readers. Classical Phonics is a teacher and student guide all in one. It provides thorough, concise phonics explanations at the bottom of most pages, giving you the background you need to teach phonics even if you never learned it yourself.

Primary Education

1-877-862-1097

Memoria Press Copybook Series by Cheryl & Leigh Lowe Grades K-2

$39.95 set (Copybooks I-III) Copybook I $14.95 | Copybook II $14.95 | Copybook III $14.95 | These three-in-one wonders include memory passages, copybook exercises, and drawing pages. We have selected Scripture from the King James Bible and classic children’s poems, such as those by Robert Louis Stevenson, which describe the world in charming detail. Our copybooks introduce basic strokes and margin/spacing guidelines, along with alphabet practice pages with traceable characters and instructions for difficult letters.

Copybook Cursive:

Scripture & Poems (New American Cursive)

$14.95 Now get our original Copybook III in cursive! Filled with the same Scripture and poetry in our original Copybook III, but formatted in the New American Cursive font, our second graders complete this copybook alongside New American Cursive 2. Also a good choice for older students who need cursive practice.

Composition & Sketchbook $7.95 For primary students who have gained skill and confidence in writing. Allows each student to write and illustrate compositions. Each writing page has a full-page illustration box on the facing page. In years to come, these books will provide a treasured journal of your child’s progress in writing.

The Book of Crafts NEW!

for Junior Kindergarten Classical Core Curriculum Supplement by Tara Luse

$16.95 The creative arts are an essential part of the primary school education. By using the activities in this book, you can reinforce number and letter recognition, strengthen fine motor skills, and foster creativity and confidence. This book is for the youngest crafters and is intended to be a supplement to our Junior Kindergarten curriculum. For easy reference, the crafts are separated into three categories: Literature Crafts, Letter Crafts, and Review Day Crafts. While the crafts in this book have been carefully chosen to promote skill growth and coordination, the most important component is fun. Enjoy each of your creations and the time spent together making them!

New American Cursive 1 by Iris Hatfield Grades 1-4

$22.95 Some people think computers have made cursive writing skills obsolete, but good handwriting and computers are not mutually exclusive. Should we stop teaching language arts because a child can now text message? Before the early 1940s, virtually all children were taught cursive in the first grade. Research shows that when third graders begin writing cursive, they return to a first grade speed level. By learning cursive earlier, students can focus more on other subjects once they reach the upper grades. Simple, clear, & effective! ✓ 8-page teaching guide ✓ 125 Instruction and exercise lessons ✓ Illustrations/Exercises for letter connections ✓ Journaling pages ✓ Practice includes Bible verses and quotes ✓ Simplified classic letter forms ✓ Focus on accuracy and legibility ✓ Natural right slant (easier for beginners & lefties) ✓ Takes only 15 min./day!

New American Cursive 2 Grades 2-4

$22.95 ea. (available in two versions: Scripture passages

or quotes from great Americans)

Students continue working on cursive fluency with New American Cursive 2. Practice pages include character-building passages from Scripture or great Americans. As students gain confidence in their cursive, exercises in creative writing are added.

New American Cursive 3 Scripture & Lessons on Manners Grades 3-4

$22.95 New American Cursive 3 is designed to enhance the student’s development of cursive writing skills while teaching good manners and correspondence protocol. It combines proven teaching methods with the needs of the contemporary student for a fast, legible script.

Startwrite CD

New American Cursive supplement

$29.95 This New American Cursive supplemental software is available for easy, customizable worksheets to integrate handwriting practice with any subject.

New Primary Resources

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Kindergarten Enrichment NEW!

Primary Art Cards NEW!

Classical Core Curriculum Supplement by Leigh Lowe & Michelle Tefertiller

Kindergarten $9.95 | 1st Grade $9.95 | 2nd Grade $9.95 (5½" x 8½")

$19.95 This supplemental guide is organized by week, matching our Classical Core Kindergarten program. It includes an overview of each read-aloud book, author and illustrator biographies, oral reading questions, and a simple language lesson. These activities will help bring each book alive for your student. Also included are resources for the social studies and science lessons, biographies of the artists and composers, and poetry lessons.

Alphabet Flashcards NEW! $10.00 (4¼'' x 5½") These flashcards are modeled after our manuscript Alphabet Wall Charts. Each letter is on one side of the card, and the image beginning with that letter is on the flip side. These are perfect for reinforcing your child's letter recognition and beginning sounds.

Enrich your child's primary educational experience with beautiful pieces of art from the most influential artistic movements in history including the Renaissance, Romanticism, Impressionism, and more! These supplements are coordinated with our primary Classical Core Curricula. w w

The Alphabet

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz Yy Zz



 

  



Alphabet Wall Poster NEW! $7.00 (22'' x 34'') We created this chart upon the request of our homeschool customers. This poster-sized chart has the alphabet listed in manuscript and cursive. If you don't have the wall space for our Alphabet Wall Charts (p. 26), this poster is the perfect resource for your students!

Science

Book of Astronomy Grades 3+

Student $14.95 | Teacher $16.95 This astronomy program covers stars, constellations, and the motion of the earth, as well as the sky as seen throughout all the seasons, including the “Summer Triangle” and seasonal zodiacs. This program was developed with third graders in mind, but it is also great for older students!

What’s That Bird?

Book of Insects Grades 4+

$45.00 set

(reader, student, teacher, Peterson Guide)

Student $14.95 | Teacher $14.95 | Reader $14.95 | Peterson Guide $6.95 This set includes a classic reader that takes a narrative approach to the life of insects and a workbook that takes your student through the different kinds of insects.

Grades 5+

$48.00 set

(student, teacher, reader, Peterson Guide, coloring book)

Student $11.95 | Teacher $12.95 | Reader $14.95 | Peterson Guide $6.95 | Coloring Book $7.95 What’s That Bird? teaches students about birds, their anatomy, and how they live. The workbook includes facts to know, comprehension questions, and characteristics of individual birds. Students will learn about 30 common birds, as well as several incredible birds! Turn this Birds Unit Study into a full-year science course with the addition of J. H. Tiner’s Exploring the History of Medicine.

J. H. Tiner Series NEW!

Complete with Memoria Press Quizzes, Reviews, & Tests Text $13.99 ea. | Quizzes, Reviews, & Tests $8.00 ea. Choose from: Exploring the History of Medicine Exploring Planet Earth Exploring the World of Mathematics Exploring the World of Chemistry Exploring the World of Physics

Grades 5+ Grades 6+ Grades 6+ Grades 6+ Grades 6+

American/Modern Studies

1-877-862-1097

The Story of the NEW! Thirteen Colonies & the Great Republic Grades 5-8

$39.95 set (text, student, teacher)

Novel $16.95 | Student $17.95 | Teacher $17.95

We have combined Guerber's The Story of the Thirteen Colonies and The Story of the Great Republic into one edited volume that makes it a perfect one-year survey of American history for the middle school years. The study guide includes important facts, vocabulary, and comprehension questions for each chapter, as well as enrichment activities such as mapwork, drawings, research, writing assignments, and more!

States & Capitals Grades 3-6

$30.00 set (text, student, teacher) Text $7.99 | Student $11.95 Teacher $12.95

In this study guide each state is given a 2-page spread that includes a map with room to write the state capital, nickname, abbreviation, and fun facts about the state. By the end of this year-long course, students will be able to map all 50 states and capitals. We recommend that this guide be used with Don’t Know Much About the 50 States.

Geography I: NEW!

The Middle East, North Africa, & Europe Grades 4+

Text $14.95 | Student $11.95 Teacher $12.95 A unique geography program designed for students pursuing a classical education, Geography of the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe covers the area that constituted the ancient Roman Empire. Each region is explored in its historical context in “History’s Headlines” as well as in the present in “Tour of Today.”

The United States NEW!

Review of States & Capitals (shown above) Grades 4+ Workbook $5.00 | Key, Quizzes, Tests $7.95

This study guide will help students retain the knowledge they gained in their study of States & Capitals. This review takes very little time and makes a great companion to Geography I.

$48.00 set

(Geography I Text, Workbook, and Teacher Guide + United States Review Workbook & Teacher Key)

200 Questions About NEW! American History Guide $9.95 | Key $5.00

We have compiled a list of 200 questions that everyone should know about American history. The questions come directly from our newly edited The Story of the Thirteen Colonies & the Great Republic (left), Everything You Need to Know About American History Homework, and Story of the World, Vol. 4.

Everything You Need to Know About American History Homework $9.99 This book, filled with charts, maps, timelines, and short summaries of important facts about American history, makes a great companion to Guerber's The Story of the Thirteen Colonies and the Great Republic (top left).

The Artner Reader's Guide to American History Grades 3-8

$14.95 The Artners have read and researched, selected and catalogued, the best of children’s American history books—both in and out of print.

Geography II: NEW!

Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Oceania, & the Americas Grades 5+ Text $14.95 | Student $11.95 Teacher $12.95

After studying Geography I, students are ready to cover areas of the world outside the ancient Roman Empire. Each lesson includes physical features, history, and culture. Students will continue to deepen their understanding of past and present as they learn about ancient and modern countries.

Geography 1 Review NEW!

The Middle East, North Africa, & Europe Grades 4+ Workbook $5.00 | Key, Quizzes, Tests $7.95

This study guide will help students retain the knowledge they gained in their study of Geography I. This review takes very little time and makes a great companion to Geography II.

$48.00 set

(Geography II Text, Workbook, and Teacher Guide + Geography I Review Workbook & Teacher Key)

Practical Logic

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Why a Knowledge of Grammar Is Indispensable for an Understanding of Logic

meet a lot of homeschool mothers at conventions all over the country, and one of the most common questions I get is this: “What do you do for a critical thinking skills program before we do your logic program in the seventh grade?” I have one answer and one answer only to this question: Latin. Why is Latin a good preparation for the study of logic? This question gives me the opportunity to give an equally simple answer: grammar. The complex system of inflected grammar that Latin teaches provides the most solid basis for the study of the linguistic system of traditional logic. By "inflected grammar" I simply mean that Latin is one of those languages (Greek, Hebrew, Russian, and German are a few others) whose nouns change to signal their function in a sentence. Traditional logic, unlike the more mathematical modern system of logic, is based fundamentally on grammar. Take, for example, the basic argument every introductory logic student studies: All men are mortal Socrates is a man Therefore, Socrates is mortal The first thing to notice about each of these statements is that they are, in fact, statements: Each of them has a subject and a predicate. “Men” is the subject

of the first statement and “mortal” is the predicate. It is the relationship between all the subjects and predicates in the statement upon which the validity of the argument depends. Now ask yourself a question: If the validity of the argument depends on the relationship between the subjects and the predicates of the statements that make it up—and you don’t know what a subject and a predicate are, then how can you determine its validity? Again, the answer is simple: You can’t. And, unfortunately, we have students graduating from our high schools who can’t even identify a subject and a predicate. In traditional logic, you also have to know your parts of speech—something which children are taught early in formal grammar, but which, since many schools today refuse to formally teach grammar, most students no longer know. One of the most important distinctions in logic is between categorematic and syncategorematic words. Categoramatic words are the words that actually refer to something, like "men," "mortal," and "Socrates" in the argument above. Syncategorematic words are words that tell us how to think about the categorematic words. When I talk about men in the argument above, do I mean all men or only some? Am I speaking about them affirmatively or

Practical Logic

1-877-862-1097 negatively? All of the categorematic terms are nouns. The syncategorematic words are all non-nouns, usually adjectives and verbs. Again, the validity of an argument hangs on this distinction. Another distinction a student learns in grammar and then applies in logic is the distinction between quality and quantity. This is a basic metaphysical distinction that students should learn even if only for philosophical reasons. But it is a key grammatical and logical distinction. In Latin, if the adjective is qualitative (meaning that it answers the question “How much?” or “How many?”), then it is placed before the noun it modifies. If it is qualitative (meaning that it answers the question “What kind?”), then it is placed after. A student coming from the complex study of the inflected Latin grammar, therefore, is ready to understand this important distinction when he arrives on the first day of logic class, where he will apply it to statements. The quantity of the statement “All men are mortal” is universal rather than particular, meaning it applies to all men, not just some—not to some only. Its quality is affirmative rather than negative because it affirms something about men rather than denying something about them. The quantity of “Some men are not happy” would be particular and its quality negative, and so forth. It is necessary to know the quantity and quality of statements in order to know how to match the syllogism up with one of the nineteen valid forms, a basic logical operation. Even a knowledge of vowels and consonants is necessary to work with logical syllogisms. The medieval logician William of Sherwood invented one of the most useful tools to the logic student. It is a little ditty designed to help students learn the nineteen valid forms of reasoning. It goes like this: Barbara, Celarent, Darii, Ferio que prioris; Cesare, Camestres, Festino, Baroco secundae; Tertia, Darapti, Disamis, Datisi, Felapton, Bocardo, Ferison, habet; Quarta in super addit Bramantip, Camenes, Dimaris, Fesapo, Fresison

But this verse has more complex uses, which all students in logic have to learn. The vowels tell you what kind of statements the argument is made up of (A=universal/affirmative, E=universal/negative, etc.), and the consonants tell you other things, like how to change the syllogism to the more basic deductive form. All of this depends on the distinction between vowels and consonants, which, believe it or not, is a challenge for some students who are never even taught the distinction. Grammar—particularly as it is taught through Latin—introduces the student to basic grammatical distinctions that he will go on to employ in his study of logic. Grammar teaches the two most basic logical skills of analysis and synthesis—how to make distinctions and how to see resemblances. Without these two skills, learning logic—or, for that matter, learning anything—is a chore; with them, learning logic will not only be easier, but more enjoyable.

Suggested Logic Timeline 3rd-6th

Each of the (categorematic) terms is the name William gave to each of the nineteen valid syllogisms. The official name of this little ditty is the “mnemonic verse,” meaning a verse that helps you remember something—in this case the proper forms of reasoning. But my students sometimes refer to it not as the “mnemonic” verse, but the “Demonic verse,” since I make them memorize all of it. The young King Arthur chants it for Merlin in T. H. White’s The Once and Future King.

7th

Solid grounding in mathematics & Latin: Great preparatory skills for logical thought.

Traditional Logic I: A study of the basic elements of simple arguments.

8th

Traditional Logic II: An advanced course that completes the study of the simple categorical syllogism, covers hypothetical syllogisms, and studies all complex argument forms.

9th

Material Logic: A study of the 10 ways something can exist, the 5 ways of saying something about something else, definition, and classification.

10th 11th-12th

Informal Fallacies: A study of the ways in which argumentation can go wrong so the student can avoid it himself and point it out in the reasoning of others. *Text not yet published, but online course available. Classical Rhetoric: A study which incorporates logic into the broader context of persuasive communication.

*Students in 9th grade can complete both Traditional Logic books in one year. Material Logic and informal fallacies can be covered in one year in 10th grade.

Logic

www.MemoriaPress.com

Traditional Logic I $68.95 complete set (student, key, DVDs)

$31.90 basic set (student, key)

Material Logic $68.95 complete set (student, key, DVDs)

$31.90 basic set (student, key)

Student $29.95 | Key $1.95 | DVDs $45.00 | Quizzes $9.95

Student $29.95 | Key $1.95 | DVDs $45.00

Online Class (p. 22)

Traditional Logic I: Introduction to Formal Logic

Material Logic: A Course in How to Think

by Martin Cothran Grades 7+

by Martin Cothran Grades 9+

The Traditional Logic program is an in-depth study of the classical syllogism. In Book I, students will gain a basic understanding of terms, statements, and simple categorical arguments. (Each book can be used as either a one-semester or one-year course.)

The principles of material logic, an important part of trivium language study, are now almost completely forgotten—a casualty of the almost exclusive modern secular emphasis on the quantitative sciences. This has resulted in the rise of systems of modern logic that are more math than logic. Formal logic was once termed minor (or lesser) logic, while material logic usually went by the name of major (or greater) logic—possibly a measure of how important classical thinkers considered it.

Basic Logical Terms, Concepts, & Procedures • Truth, validity, soundness • 4 ways statements can be opposite • 3 ways statements can be equivalent • Distribution of terms • The 7 rules for validity Clear & Systematic Presentation • Daily exercises to ensure mastery • Historic argument case studies • Emphasis on language, not math A Variety of Learning Strategies • Clear and concise text explanations • Practical application • Creative invention

There is a huge gap between formal logic courses and so-called “thinking skills” courses. Formal logic focuses exclusively on the systematic study of the structure of reasoning. “Thinking skills” courses, on the other hand, tend to suffer from a highly nonsystematic, topic-hopping approach, where the student is unable to see how one principle connects with another. Whether you want a follow-on course to Memoria Press’ popular Traditional Logic program, or simply an introduction to logic for high school students at a little more advanced level, this program is a valuable tool in teaching your student how to think.

“This is the best exposition of Aristotelian logic I have yet seen aimed at homeschoolers ...” - Mary Pride

Traditional Logic II $68.95 complete set (student, key, DVDs)

$31.90 basic set (student, key)

Student $29.95 | Key $1.95 | DVDs $45.00 | Quizzes $9.95 Online Class (p. 22)

Advanced Formal Logic by Martin Cothran Grades 8+ Book II completes the study of the simple categorical syllogism, advances to hypothetical syllogisms, and continues the study of logic by covering complex argument forms, great arguments from history, and case studies of great arguments.

Rhetoric

1-877-862-1097

Handbook of Christian Apologetics:

Hundreds of Answers to Crucial Questions by Peter Kreeft & Ronald Tacelli

$17.99 *Optional Logic supplement This book is the perfect supplement for Traditional Logic. Modern skeptical arguments are here in abundance—all logically answered. Students love to see something they have learned incorporated into real books. This book will help your students see how important and useful traditional logic is, and at the same time fortify them in their faith.

Classical Rhetoric $140.00 complete set

(basic set + How to Read a Book & Figures of Speech)

$94.95 basic set

(student, key, DVDs, Aristotle's Rhetoric)

Classical Rhetoric by Martin Cothran Grades 9+

Classical Rhetoric with Aristotle is a guided tour through the first part of the greatest single book on communication ever written: Aristotle’s Rhetoric. With questions that will help the student unlock every important aspect of the book, along with fill-in-the-blank charts and analyses of great speeches, this companion text to Aristotle’s great work will send the student on a voyage of discovery from which he will return with a competent knowledge of the basic classical principles of speech and writing. This is more than just a course in English or public speaking. It involves a study of the fundamental principles of political philosophy, ethics, and traditional psychology. A student learns not only the elements of a political speech, but also the elements of good character; not only how to give a legal speech, but also the seven reasons people act; not only how to give a ceremonial speech, but what elicits specific emotions under particular circumstances and why. • Sample weekly plan • Clear explanation of lesson components • Easy-to-read layout • Reading questions • Figures of speech • Evaluative & analysis questions • How to Read a Book questions • Case studies from Homer, Plato, Shakespeare, Lincoln, Marc Antony, and much more!

"Our study of logic led us to use Martin Cothran’s book on rhetoric ... Our oldest finished it last month and ate it up; he wants to study constitutional law and we are very happy with the foundation he has received because of Cothran’s materials." - Kendra F.

Socrates Meets Jesus: History’s Greatest Questioner Confronts the Claims of Christ by Peter Kreeft

$11.99 *Optional Logic supplement In this clever book, Socrates makes mincemeat of the arguments of skeptics who want to abandon reason when it comes to Christianity. Because of the copious use of logical syllogisms, this book makes a great supplement to Traditional Logic.

Aristotle's Rhetoric edited by Edward Corbett

$3.50

*REQUIRED for Classical Rhetoric

This book contains the same Rhys Roberts translation used in Classical Rhetoric. Selected because of its clarity and simplicity, its carefully chosen terminology distinguishes this translation from all others currently available.

How to Read A Book:

A Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading by Mortimer Adler & Charles Van Doren

$16.99

*Strongly Recommended Rhetoric supplement How to Read a Book contains clear and useful instructions on how to determine what kind of book you are reading, the four levels of reading, and how to read different kinds of books. The principles in this book are applied directly to Aristotle's Rhetoric in Memoria Press' Classical Rhetoric.

Figures of Speech:

60 Ways to Turn a Phrase by Arthur Quinn

$29.95

*Strongly Recommended Rhetoric supplement This book presents 60 of the most common classical figures of speech and gives examples from classic literature of each. Memoria's Classical Rhetoric contains Figures of Speech exercises at the beginning of each chapter.

English Grammar for the Grammar Stage

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Q Why doesn’t English grammar stick? A Because we don’t follow the natural order: memorization in the grammar stage and analysis in the logic stage.

he name "grammar" school comes from the early Renaissance, when the major subject of the elementary years was the Latin grammar. The young grammar student memorized Latin grammar forms—declensions and conjugations—and gradually transitioned to the more abstract study of Latin syntax and translation in his upper grammar school years. This plan of work was consistent with the trivium stages of learning: memorization for the younger student and logic-level translation skills for the older. As the study of Latin declined over the centuries, the study of English gradually took its place. English grammar, however, being very irregular and lacking inflection, is actually more abstract and difficult for the young child than Latin. Although the technique of diagramming was developed to make the invisible English grammar more concrete, the study of English grammar in the grammar school years has remained a frustrating and often fruitless experience for both teachers and students. Experience has taught us that the logic-level skills of English grammar analysis and diagramming are difficult for the grammar school student and perhaps not the best use of academic time. Before we offer a solution to this dilemma, first let’s clarify what we mean by the term “grammar.”

Most English grammar books are actually comprehensive language arts texts in which the grammar section is relatively small and the bulk of the text is devoted to punctuation, capitalization, composition, and English usage, all of which are important. But limiting ourselves to the question of “grammar” itself, what should we be teaching our students in the elementary years? I propose that we adopt the same plan as the Renaissance grammar schools, a plan that is consistent with the trivium and has been proven successful: memorization for the younger students and diagramming and analysis for the older ones. Students can memorize the terms and definitions of English grammar at a young age, although applying them is often too abstract. I believe this memorization step is the missing component in our unsuccessful attempts to teach English grammar. Once definitions and examples are committed to memory, the student is prepared to work with English grammar in a profitable way in the logic stage. This is the same plan used in the First Form Latin series—memorization of declensions and conjugations with limited practice for the younger student, gradually transitioning to a study of syntax and translation for the older student in the logic stage.

English Grammar for the Grammar Stage

1-877-862-1097

For this plan, we need a "grammar catechism" for memorization and recitation. This is why we have developed our English Grammar Recitation, a catechism of approximately 156 grammar questions, answers, and examples organized systematically and divided into five sections of increasing difficulty, to be covered in five years beginning as young as 3rd grade. The English Grammar Recitation is a manual of English grammar for the grammar stageâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a convenient tool for memorization, reference, and review. Each of the five sections of the catechism has a companion workbook, covering approximately 30 questions each with accompanying exercises. The purpose of the workbook exercises is to illustrate the grammar question so the student has a preliminary understanding of what he is being asked to memorize. However, application is neither tested nor mastered. Analysis, diagramming, and understanding will always lag behind the memorization of the catechism. The goal is for the student, over a period of five years or less, to master this catechism as a foundation for a deeper and more thorough understanding in the logic stage.

A change in emphasis in these grammar years will give us a pedagogical approach that is more ageappropriate and consistent with the trivium stages of learning. The trivium plan, after all, is to use the early years for memorization of the facts that will be used later for analysis, application, and mastery. A second objective of our English Grammar Recitation is to teach grammar topics in a sequence that closely follows the First Form Latin Series, and thus serves as an aid to learning Latin grammar. Each of the five workbooks corresponds to five levels of Latin study, Latina Christiana through Fourth Form Latin. It is hoped that this plan will increase understanding of both Latin and English as they reinforce each other. It is hoped that this program is a better and more efficient use of time and can be completed in much less time than a conventional English grammar program. English Grammar Recitation also covers capitalization and punctuation. Application of these rules is well within the grasp of the grammar school student since the rules are practiced and tested through dictation.

English Grammar Recitation English Grammar NEW! Recitation Workbook I by Cheryl Lowe & Ashley Gratto Grades 3+ Student $11.95 | Teacher $12.95

We've been saying for years that Latin teaches English grammar better than English teaches English grammar, and now we have written a course that makes the perfect English grammar supplement for your Latin program. English Grammar Recitation, Workbook I is tied specifically to the grammar taught in Latina Christiana I, but it can be used successfully alongside any Latin program. Students will master (and be able to recite fluently) 31 grammar rules, 10 capitalization rules, and 15 punctuation rules.

English Grammar Recitation Workbook II NEW!

by Cheryl Lowe Grades 4+

Student $11.95 | Teacher $12.95 English GrammarRecitation, Workbook II is tied specifically to the grammar taught in First Form Latin and covers 36 additional grammar rules, as well as expanding on capitalization and punctuation rules taught in Book I.

English Grammar Recitation NEW! Grades 7+

$9.95 Memoria Pressâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; English Grammar Recitation is unique because it is consistent with the trivium stages of learning. It emphasizes memorization of facts first as the necessary preparation for the logic-level skills of diagramming and analysis. It covers common capitalization and punctuation rules and approximately 150 grammar facts in a logical and systematic sequence. Organized much like a catechism, it teaches about 30 grammar facts per year through the method of oral recitation of questions and answers.

Introduction NEW! to Composition Grades 3+

Student $10.00 | Key $10.00 Our Introduction to Composition course focuses on the concepts of narration, dictation, and copywork. Reading passages are taken from Farmer Boy, Charlotteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Web, and The Moffats. The goal of this first writing course is to help students become more proficient in listening and writing skills, a great preparation for the Memoria Press writing program, Classical Composition. Introduction to Composition is composed of 30 lessons, a year-long writing course that goes along perfectly with our Third Grade Literature Guides, but can be used independently as well.

Timeline Set for the Grammar Stage

Introduction to Classical Studies

www.MemoriaPress.com

$24.95

Grades 3-6

Designed for use with D'Aulaires' Book of Greek Myths, Famous Men of Rome, and The Golden Children's Bible, this guide will show you how to teach, learn, and master the stories fundamental to a classical education. The guide contains a three-year reading plan.

Ancient Civilization Wall Maps For All Ages!

Large (24'' x 33'') $35.00 Small (11'' x 17'') $19.95 Make the ancient civilization stories come alive on your classroom walls. These color wall maps are perfect for any classical education classroom. Each set includes individual maps of Greece, Italy, the City of Rome, and the Roman Empire. These maps contain all the hot spots in the classical world, including the famous cities, countries, rivers, lakes, mountains, and oceans.

Timeline Set for the Grammar Stage NEW! Events from Ancient to Modern Times Grades 3-6

$39.95 set (Composition & Sketchbook, Handbook, Wall Cards, Flashcards) We haven't been so excited about a new product in a long time! Our new Timeline program will enable students to master a total of 60 events over the course of four years (3rd6th grades). History is a very unsystematic subject, and time is very abstract. Students need a timeline that they memorize, build on, and recite every yearâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and Memoria Press is bringing it to you! Timeline Composition & Sketchbook $9.95 These books will be completed over the four-year period in which this timeline is completed. Each event has a 2-page spread with a picture frame for illustrating the event on one side and a page of blank lines for writing a summary of the event. Timeline Handbook $9.95 The Timeline Handbook includes teaching guidelines, charts of the dates studied by grade and by time period, and summaries of each event to help students complete their Composition & Sketchbook.

If you don't begin your classical education until middle or high school, it is

never too late! We would suggest that you start with Year 5 of our Classical Studies Map and move forward from there. Before beginning your study of the classics, it is always helpful if your student has a basic knowledge of Greek mythology (D'Aulaires' Book of Greek Myths [p. 37]) and has read a retelling of the Trojan War (Olivia Coolidge's The Trojan War [p. 38]).

Student Flashcards $12.95 Each student should have his/her own set of flashcards for drill and practice. One side has the date and the reverse side has the event. These cards are color-coded identically to the Timeline Cards on the wall. Timeline Wall Cards $12.95 (see below) Cards for the wall timeline have the date and event on the same side. Cards are added throughout the year as students study history in Classical/Christian Studies and American Studies. The wall timeline should be in a prominent place in the classroom throughout the year, beginning in grade 3.

Classical Studies Suggested Timeline Year

Program

D'Aulaires' Greek Myths (p. 36)

Famous Men of Rome (p. 36)

Famous Men of the Middle Ages (p. 36)

Famous Men of Greece, The Trojan War, and Horatius at the Bridge (pp. 36-37)

Iliad and Odyssey (Homer) and The Book of the Ancient Greeks

(p. 37)

The Aeneid (Virgil) and The Book of the Ancient Romans (p. 37)

Greek Plays (Euripides, Sophocles, Aeschylus)

The Divine Comedy (Dante) (p. 37)

Timeline Wall Cards shown above. View more samples of Timeline for the Grammar Stage online at www.MemoriaPress.com.

Classical Studies

1-877-862-1097

Famous Men of Greece

D'Aulaires' Greek Myths

Grades 5-8

Grades 3-8

$39.95 set

$45.95 set

(text, student, teacher)

Text $18.95 | Student $17.95 | Teacher $17.95 | Flashcards $12.95

Text $16.95 | Student $17.95 | Teacher $17.95 | Flashcards $12.95

Online Class (p. 22)

This is an ideal beginning book for your child’s classical education journey, regardless of age! Superbly written and illustrated, this classic introduces timeless tales that have enchanted people for thousands of years. Because they are everywhere in Western art and literature, Greek myths are the essential background for a classical education. You can hardly read Shakespeare without them!

If the Romans were history’s great men of action, the Greeks were history’s great men of thought. Dive into the lives and minds of thirty-two famous Greeks through stories detailing the rise, Golden Age, and fall of Greece. Learning about the triumphs of Aristotle, Ptolemy, Ulysses, Pericles, Alexander the Great, and many others will enable your students to understand why the scope of Greek accomplishment is still known today as “The Greek Miracle.”

Each of the 30 lessons in the Student Guide presents important facts to know, vocabulary, comprehension questions, and a picture review and activities section. It also points out the many references to Greek mythology in the modern world.

Famous Men of Modern Times

Grades 6-8

Famous Men of Rome Grades 4-8

$39.95 set

(text, student, teacher)

Text $16.95 | Student $17.95 | Teacher $17.95 | Flashcards $12.95 Online Class (p. 22) Famous Men of Rome is ideal for beginners of all ages who are fascinated by the action and drama of Rome. Inside are 30 stories, covering all of ancient Rome’s history, from its founding to its demise. Witness the rise and fall of a great civilization through the lives of larger-than-life ﬁgures.

Famous Men of the Middle Ages Grades 5-8

$39.95 set

(text, student, teacher)

Text $16.95 | Student $17.95 | Teacher $17.95 | Flashcards $12.95 Online Class (p. 22) The story of the Middle Ages is told through the lives of Attila the Hun, Charlemagne, William the Conqueror, Edward the Black Prince, and Joan of Arc, among others. This course guides students through the turbulent “dark age” of history and illustrates the transition from the end of ancient times to the birth of the modern era. This book is a perfect precursor to Famous Men of Modern Times.

$39.95 set (text, student, teacher)

Text $16.95 | Student $17.95 | Teacher $17.95 | Flashcards $12.95 Online Class (p. 22) Modern history—history, that is, after the fall of Constantinople in 1453—can sometimes seem like a confusing jumble of unrelated events. As a result, many curricula needlessly avoid this exciting period of history. Memoria Press’ Famous Men of Modern Times will bring the events of the last 500 years to life. These stories provide great insight into the foundations of the modern world.

Horatius at the Bridge Grades 6+

$19.95 set (book, medal, pin)

Book $14.95 | Medal $5.00 | Pin $2.00 This guide contains the complete text of Thomas Babington Macaulay's 70 stanza ballad and a comprehensive study guide, including vocabulary, maps, character and plot synopses, meter, comprehension questions, teaching guidelines, and a test. Horatius Medals & Lapel Pins Students at Highlands Latin School memorize and recite this entire poem and receive the Winston Churchill Award certificate, medal, and lapel pin. We are now offering the same opportunity to all students. You can purchase the medal and pin in a set with the book or individually. Send us a recording of your students reciting the poem, and we'll send them a Winston Churchill Award certificate to present with the medal.

Classical Studies

The Trojan War by Olivia Coolidge Grades 6-8

Novel $6.95 | Student $11.95 | Teacher $12.95 This retelling of the Trojan War is the best preparation for reading Homer. Each lesson in the study guide has reading notes, vocabulary, comprehension questions, and an enrichment section that includes extra discussion topics, writing projects, art, and map work. After studying The Trojan War with our guide, your student will know Homer's main characters, the gods and goddesses, and the main storyline of the Iliad and Odyssey.

The Iliad & the Odyssey

Samuel Butler translation Grades 7+

Iliad Novel $10.00 | Odyssey Novel $10.00 Student $16.95 | Teacher $16.95 Western civilization begins with the Iliad and Odyssey. This is a perfect place to start your study of the Great Books. Our study guide will help bring Homer’s great works alive for your student. Our Teacher Guide has inset student pages with answers, teacher notes for each lesson, quizzes, and tests, giving the teacher all the background information needed to teach these books.

The Aeneid NEW!

David West translation Grades 8+

Novel $12.00 | Student $16.95 | Teacher $16.95 After you have completed your study of Homer, the Aeneid is your next logical Great Book to study. Virgil's epic story of the founding of Rome will come alive when read with the help of our study guide as you continue your quest to master the classics. After reading Homer and Virgil, your students will have completed their first big step on the road to being classically educated! This is a great preparation for Latin AP Virgil also.

The Divine Comedy Ciardi translation Grades 10+

Novel $20.00 | Student $16.95 Teacher $16.95 | Quizzes $5.00 The Divine Comedy is one of the crown jewels of both Western and Christian literature. This epic, allegorical poem illustrates Dante’s spiritual journey of redemption that takes him through the pit of Hell (the Inferno) to the Beatific Vision of God (the Paradiso). The Student Guide contains helpful study questions, and reading notes for difficult lines.

www.MemoriaPress.com

The Book of the NEW! Ancient World

Dorothy Mills Histories Series Grades 6+

$39.95 (novel, student, teacher)

Novel $16.95 | Student $17.95 | Teacher $17.95

Dorothy Mills takes the student on an adventure, exploring the geography, culture, architecture, and most prominent people of Egypt, Persia, the Hittites, Israel, and more. Not only does she teach the valuable history and lessons of the ancient peoples, but she gives the students an understanding of the people and neighbors out of which Christianity sprung.

The Book of the NEW! Ancient Greeks

Dorothy Mills Histories Series Grades 6+

$39.95 set (novel, student, teacher)

Novel $16.95 | Student $17.95 | Teacher $17.95

The journey continues, starting in Crete and ending in the Hellenistic Age ushered in by Alexander the Great. Students learn about the development of democracy, the primordial defense of democracy in the Persian wars, the heyday of Athens (also known as the Golden Age), and that sad selfdestruction known as the Peloponnesian wars. But it is not history alone—culture, values, and life lessons are taught.

The Book of the NEW! Ancient Romans

Dorothy Mills Histories Series Grades 6+

$39.95 set (novel, student, teacher)

Novel $16.95 | Student $17.95 | Teacher $17.95

After the Greeks, all roads lead to Rome. And like any good Roman course, this one begins with the she-wolf and the legendary founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus. The rise and fall of a monarchy, the embrace of a republic with the simultaneous dislike for kings, and finally the ironic rise of the Roman Empire teach unforgettable principles about human nature and society.

The Middle Ages NEW!

Dorothy Mills Histories Series Grades 6+

$16.95 See how Christianity spread out, building a new civilization on the remnants of the Roman Empire. From the foundation of monasteries to the bell towers of universities, from the crowning of Charlemagne to the execution of Joan of Arc, the travel through Christendom unfolds beautifully.

Christian Studies

1-877-862-1097

Christian Studies IV

A Chronological Overview of the Bible Grades 6-8 Student $17.95 | Teacher $20.95

$119.95 set

(Christian Studies I-III: Student Books & Teacher Manuals + The Golden Children's Bible)

Christian Studies I Student $17.95 | Teacher $20.95 All Major Bible Stories up to the Entry into Canaan Grades 3-6 Student $17.95 | Teacher $20.95 Christian Studies II The Rise and Fall of Israel, the Period of the Prophets Grades 4-6

Christian Studies III All Major New Testament Stories Grades 5-6

Christian Studies IV takes students back through the highlights of the Bible, reviewing drill questions, Scripture memory passages, and more! This study guide can serve as a review course for Christian Studies I-III or stand alone as a survey study of the Bible. We give you the Scripture passages where the answers to the drill questions can be found so that you can read through the Bible by touching on the major stories and characters. This course is a great preparation for studying early church history in the upper school years.

Student $17.95 | Teacher $20.95

City of God NEW!

Vernon J. Bourke edition Grades 10-12

Christian Studies I-III Grades 3-6 This three-year series thoughtfully guides your child through The Golden Children's Bible, teaching him/her the fundamentals of Bible stories, history, and geography, with solid detail at a manageable pace. Students do not merely skim the surface; they embark on a three-year Bible reading course that builds faith by teaching Salvation History as real history. Using these guides, your student will be well prepared for the good work of advanced Christian studies. Students work through one-third of The Golden Children's Bible in each year. The Student Book oﬀers 30 lessons, each comprised of: • • • • •

Weekly memory verses Map and timeline work Review lessons and tests every 5 lessons Comprehension, drill, and discussion questions References The Golden Children's Bible page numbers as well as actual Scripture references

Novel $13.95 | Student $17.95 | Teacher $20.95 | Quizzes/Tests $5.00 The City of God, arguably Augustine's greatest book, influenced Western society more powerfully than perhaps any other book except the Bible. To study the City of God is to study the source of some of Western society’s greatest and most cherished beliefs. The book serves as the cultural fountainhead of all that followed, and it is unlikely that it will ever be equaled. The study guide aids students in comprehending Augustine's masterpiece. The teacher guide contains helpful chapter summarizations as well as a thorough introduction to teaching this course effectively. Don't let your students miss the study of this influential book that helped to shape some of the most important intellectual, theological, and political issues of the Western world that are just as relevant today as 1,500 years ago. COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS 1. In Chapter 1, Augustine is criticizing the enemies of the City of God. What is the criticism he is leveling against them?

Augustine is criticizing these individuals because they sought safety from the invaders in the __________________________________________________________________________________

The Teacher Manual oﬀers: • Insight and background information for each lesson • Additional discussion, composition, or research prompts • Helpful notes for the teacher

sanctuaries of Christian churches, and now they are attacking Christianity itself. They did not hesitate __________________________________________________________________________________ to claim they were Christian in order to be saved, but once they were saved from the attackers, they __________________________________________________________________________________ failed to show gratitude for their safety. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Summarize Augustine’s point about suffering in Chapter 8.

Suffering has a twofold purpose: __________________________________________________________________________________ 1. It serves as a punishment for the unrighteous. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. It teaches the good to be patient. __________________________________________________________________________________ The difference, Augustine says, is “not in what people suffer but in the way they suffer.” __________________________________________________________________________________

3. In Chapter 9, Augustine criticizes Christians for not reproving the wicked. Why, in Augustine’s opinion, have Christians failed to do this?

Because of the effort required to do so, because of the fear of antagonizing them, waiting for a more __________________________________________________________________________________ opportune moment, or for fear that a rebuke may actually make them worse. __________________________________________________________________________________

4. In Chapter 19, Augustine presents the case of Lucretia, who committed suicide. What reason does

view samples online: www.MemoriaPress.com

Augustine give for her suicide?

She was unable to bear the burden of shame. The shame comes from a fear that people would think she __________________________________________________________________________________ was a willing participant, and the only way she could prove her innocence was to take her own life. __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. According to Chapter 21, does Augustine ever see a justiﬁable reason for killing another human being. If so, what is the reason or reasons?

Yes. When God authorizes killing by a general law, when He gives an explicit commission to an __________________________________________________________________________________ individual for a limited time, or when the State punishes criminals. __________________________________________________________________________________

6. In Chapter 27, Augustine says there may be only one justiﬁable reason for suicide. What is that reason, and does he ultimately agree with it?

To keep one’s self from falling into sin. Augustine does not agree with this reason. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

7. In Chapter 33, Augustine gives a strongly worded reason for why Rome suffered the humiliation of defeat. Describe what Augustine has to say.

He says it is because Rome was already declining from within. He cites the examples of spiritual __________________________________________________________________________________ disease, degeneration, and a decline into immorality and indecency. He asks the opponents of the City __________________________________________________________________________________ of God why they take no responsibility for the tragic situation. Instead of learning from their adversity, __________________________________________________________________________________ they remain in sin. __________________________________________________________________________________

The Golden Children's Bible $17.95 This book was chosen because of its slightly simplified, but poetically appealing King James text along with its beautiful, accurate, and ageappropriate illustrations. This is important because we believe students should learn to revere the Bible as a sacred book, distinct from stories with cartoon heroes. "I love the way it is written, and the pictures keep my 4-year-old's attention." - Kim

Book I

CHRISTIAN STUDIES SUGGESTED TIMELINE Grade

Program

Christian Studies I (Major Bible stories up to the entry into Canaan) p. 39

Christian Studies II (Rise and Fall of Israel & Period of the Prophets) p. 39

Christian Studies III (Major New Testament stories) p. 39

Christian Studies IV (Chronological Overview of the Bible) p. 39

7+ 8-9 +

The Book of the Ancient World (Egyptians, Hittites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Phoenicians, Hebrews) p. 38

Early Christian history taught through primary sources

(Luke, Ignatius, Clement, Eusebius, and more)

10 +

City of God (Augustine) p. 39

11 +

Christian Apologetics (Lewis, Chesterton, Kreeft)

Does Grammar Assume God?

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The REAL Reason Our Educational Elites Don’t Like Grammar by Martin Cothran

n Leo Tolstoy’s great Christian novel Anna Karenina, an after-dinner conversation turns to the subject of which European civilization is more developed—the English, the French, or the German. Karenin, Anna’s husband, argues that that civilization is most influential which is the most “truly educated.” However, the assertive Pestsov, another guest, asks Karenin, “But what should we consider to be the signs of ‘true education’?” It is 1870, or thereabouts, and the phenomenon of “modern education” has only just dawned on the consciousness of the class of people that tend to populate Tolstoy’s novels—the ruling aristocratic upper class. “I see no clear proofs that a classical education should be preferred to a modern education,” says Pestsov. He argues that a purely scientific education [modern education] has just as great an “educational and mind-developing influence” as a classical one. The painting above, Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, painted in 1818 by Caspar David Friedrich, is commonly associated with Friedrich Nietzsche.

“I can’t quite agree with you,” answers Karenin: It seems to me that we must admit that the process of studying the forms of a language has in itself a beneficial effect on spiritual development. Besides it is impossible to deny that the influence of the classics is in the highest degree a moral one, whereas unfortunately with instruction in natural science are connected those dangerous and false teachings which are the bane of the present times.

At this, another dinner guest, Koznyshev, intervenes. The question of what “true education” is would be a difficult question, he suggests, “had there not been on the side of classical education that advantage which you [Karenin] have just mentioned: the moral advantage, … the anti-nihilistic influence.” The “anti-nihilistic influence.” What does this mean? In what way is classical education’s emphasis on grammar spiritual and moral? In what way is it “anti-nihilistic”? When Karenin refers to “studying the forms of language,” he is clearly referring to grammar. Grammar is the formal study of language. What is interesting is

Does Grammar Assume God?

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that some eighteen years later, the philosopher whose name is associated most closely with nihilism, the atheist Friedrich Nietzsche, adds his own spin on this conversation about this formal aspect of language. “I am afraid we have not gotten rid of God,” says the great nihilist philosopher, “because we still have faith in grammar.” In other words, even the modern era’s most prominent atheist, like the Christian characters in Tolstoy’s after-dinner conversation, recognized that the very foundations of grammar were spiritual and moral, and that, if grammar is anti-nihilistic by nature, then the rejection of it is inherently nihilistic. Why should this be? Nietzsche makes his remark about grammar in the context of his indictment of Western philosophy in general. He believed that Western philosophers since Socrates had been taken captive by what he calls the “prejudice of reason”—the idea that there is an objective and rational metaphysical order that underlies reality. It was the idea that underlay the traditional belief that things in this world had meaning and purpose and that we ignored this order at our cultural peril. “Where God clings to our culture,” says literary critic, George Steiner, summarizing Nietzsche’s point, “he is a phantom of grammar, a fossil embedded in the childhood of rational speech.” Our faith in grammar is the shadow of belief still cast on language by a dead God. And Nietzsche, who famously declared that God was dead, believed that we must destroy "even God’s shadow." Nietzsche wasn't against grammar per se; he was against it because of what belief in grammar implied. It implied, he thought, that there was a rational order behind it—a rational order that was appealed to in Christianity. John’s Gospel identifies this order with God himself: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” The word used for “Word” by John in this passage is the Greek word Logos, a term replete with philosophical implications, among the chief of which is the rational order underlying reality. What Nietzsche was most fundamentally against was not grammar itself; what he was against was the Logos. The Western view of language does indeed betray this prejudice. It is the assumption that behind our speech

and our writing is an underlying order, an order that, being universal, is the foundation and operative principle of every human language—the assumption that the universe at bottom is fundamentally rational because it was authored—and is ruled—by a rational God. “[A]ny coherent understanding of what language is and how language performs,” says Steiner, “… any coherent account of the capacity of human speech to communicate meaning and feeling is, in the final analysis, underwritten by the assumption of God’s presence.” Nietzsche saw that the intellectuals of his time (the late nineteenth century), while they rejected the Christian God in their rhetoric, clung to the underlying linguistic assumptions of theism. The continuing confidence in grammar, he believed, was symptomatic of the failure of modern thinkers to take their atheistic notions to their logical conclusion. In other words, if atheist intellectuals were consistent, they would not only reject God, but the grammar that assumes his existence. But Nietzsche’s ideological descendants have been much more faithful to their master. As Alan Bloom pointed out in his book The Closing of the American Mind, the origins of the postmodern regime that now jealously rule our educational establishment are fundamentally Nietzschean. The hostilility to the teaching of grammar is a consequence of this. The National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and the Modern Language Association (MLA), as well as almost every university department of education are, officially or unofficially, opposed to the formal teaching of grammar. Many of our educational elites cannot tell you precisely why they have such a dim view of what used to be a fundamental part of learning. They will cite various bogus studies, and appeal to questionable “research.” They may even believe the evidence they cite. But their ideology is fundamentally nihilistic. There are Nietzschean underpinnings to their antigrammar ideology that most of them don’t even know they have. Nietzsche, the atheist, is in fundamental agreement with the Christian aristocrats at Tolstoy’s dinner party on the underlying assumptions of grammar. The difference between the two is that, while Nietzsche’s atheism drives him ineluctably away from a belief in grammar, Karenin and Koznyshev believe in God, and therefore they cling to grammar all the more, realizing that it is the working out of that belief in language.

“It seems to me that we must

admit that the process of studying the forms of a language has

in itself a beneficial effect on spiritual development.”

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Cheryl Lowe

Headmistress of Highlands Latin School, Memoria Press owner/founder, author of Latina Christiana, First Form Latin, Lingua Angelica, Latin Grammar for the Grammar Stage, First Start Reading, & Classical Phonics

Martin Cothran

Editor of The Classical Teacher, Memoria Press Online Academy Director, Director of the Classical Latin School Association (CLSA), author of Traditional Logic, Material Logic, and Classical Rhetoric

James Selby

Founder and author of Classical Composition, a classical writing curriculum used internationally, and Dean of Faculty at Whitefield Academy in Kansas City, Missouri

Iris Hatfield

Handwriting Specialist with over 40 years of experience in the field and author of New American Cursive Penmanship Program

Master teachers

Highlands Latin School Administration and Faculty

Special Gu est Cheryl Swope

Advocate of classical education for special-needs children and author of Simply Classical (see below).

Simply Classical: NEW

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This revolutionary new book guides parents and teachers in implementing the beauty of a classical education with specialneeds and struggling students. The love of history, music, literature, and Latin instilled in her own special-needs children through a classical education created a desire in Cheryl to share the message that classical education offers benefits to any child.

• Increase your child’s academic success • Restore your child’s love of learning • Renew your vision of hope for your special-needs child • Receive help navigating the daunting process of receiving a diagnosis • Find simple strategies any parent or teacher can implement immediately • Appreciate a spiritual context for bringing truth, goodness, and beauty to any child

Education

www.MemoriaPress.com The Top 10 Reasons

The Top 10 Reasons:

Why should

Christians read the

pagan classics? Reason #4: Education

classical education focuses on the study of the classical languages—Latin and Greek—and on the study of the classical civilization of Greece and Rome. But why is the word "classical" reserved only for the languages of the Greeks and Romans and only for their civilization? What is really so special about the Greeks and Romans, and why should Christians study them? After all, they were not Christians—they were pagans. Some have objected to the word "pagan" and have misunderstood its meaning. Pagan is a word Christians coined in the later Roman Empire to refer to those who, even after the ascendancy of the Christian faith, still held to their beliefs in the gods and goddesses of mythology. In time, the Greco-Roman civilization came to be called "pagan" with respect to its religious foundation. The classics of Greece and Rome mostly predated the coming of Christ and are thus the product of this pagan civilization. There are also Christian classics from the ancient world, St. Augustine, Boethius, etc. But it is the classics of the pagans, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, and Vergil, that can be a stumbling block for Christians. It is to these that I refer when I use the word "pagan" to distinguish them from the Christian classics of the later Roman Empire. The Christian classics, which are included in secular collections such as the Harvard Classics or Penguin Classics, are, generally speaking, works on the Christian faith, whereas the pagan classics are all secular: literature, philosophy, science, architecture, grammar, etc. This is the fourth in a series of articles that I hope will help you understand why Christians should read these pagan classics. If we don't understand the

by Cheryl Lowe

importance of these classics, our project of bringing back classical education will ultimately fail. The three reasons covered in previous issues were architecture, virtue, and science. The Greeks laid the foundation in nearly every area of human knowledge, including the field of education. Why do we include literature and history and mathematics and science in our curriculum? Because of the Greeks—because they were the first to develop these fields. Herodotus is the father of history, Homer is the father of literature, Plato is the father of philosophy. It has often been said that all literature is a footnote to Homer, all philosophy a footnote to Plato. Overstatements, yes, but they illustrate the point. The very model that we as classical educators use comes from the Greeks: grammar, logic, and rhetoric. Some classical educators want to go to the Bible to look for the classical education model. Paideia is the word used for the Greek ideal of education; surprisingly, the word paideia was used many times in the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament, which was the Bible used by the apostles. But the divine paideia is the chastisement of the sinner that brings about a change of heart. Yes, Scripture does address the education of the young, as regards moral and spiritual development, but the development of the intellect by the liberal arts is not in Scripture. The divine paideia we learn only in Scripture; the human paideia God let us figure out for ourselves. And who figured it out first? The Greeks. Let me give you an example. Where did grammar come from? Who came up with the eight parts of speech? Once you learn them, they make sense; but it

Classical Composition

1-877-862-1097 wasn’t that easy to figure out. Plato himself began the analysis of language with his tripartite system of nouns, verbs, and everything else. Aristotle continued with a more complete analysis of the kinds of words, adding conjunctions, adverbs, and prepositions. Aristotle, by the way, did not distinguish between nouns and adjectives because adjectives can be used as nouns (ex.: "The poor you have with you always."), and nouns can be used as possessive adjectives. It took a lot of hard thinking to come up with the eight parts of speech and the complete analysis of language that culminated in the Art of Grammar by the Greek Dionysius of Thrace, about 100 B.C. But it is something we just take for granted. How about the whole idea of dividing every sentence into two parts, a subject and a predicate? The subject is who or what the sentence is about, and the predicate asserts something about the subject. Period. No exceptions. And what is a sentence? A complete thought. Every sentence originates where? In a human mind. Brilliant—once somebody came up with it! And what about logic? Where did that come from? Aristotle explains the syllogism in his Prior Analytics. Brilliant again. Stunning. Ever since creation, men had been thinking in sentences and arguing in syllogisms. But somebody had to stop and think about thinking. This was not an easy thing to do. But this is what the Greeks did. They thought about, explained, and described the natural order. And who do we look to for the principles of rhetoric? The Greeks, of course. Language is the gift of God. The Greeks studied His creation of human language, and we study the Greeks. In the providence of God, that appears to be the plan. The Greeks are our first teachers in the natural order.

Classical Composition NEW! by James A. Selby Grades 4+

Fable Stage Student Gd. $19.95 | Teacher Gd. $29.95 | DVDs $45.00 Narrative Stage Student Guide $19.95 | Teacher Guide $29.95 Chreia/Maxim Stage Student Guide $19.95 | Teacher Guide $29.95 What if you could teach your child using the same writing program that produced such masters of the language as John Milton, William Shakespeare, and Benjamin Franklin? What if you could have the same composition curriculum used by Quintilian, the greatest teacher of ancient rhetoric, and Cicero, the greatest persuasive speaker of all time? Jim Selby has blown the dust off of the writing curriculum that was used in schools for over 1,500 years and put it in an easyto-teach format that will revolutionize your home or private school curriculum. Presented clearly and systematically in a structured curriculum, Classical Composition will give you a clear road map to writing excellence. Ancient writers invented a way of teaching writing known as the progymnasmata, which provided a method of teaching composition that not only taught budding writers a disciplined way to approach communication, but also helped them appeal to the heads of their audience. The progymnasmata gave them the stylistic tools to appeal to their hearts as well. The greatest communicators of ancient times, Quintilian and Cicero among them, employed the progymnasmata to teach their students the art of communication. The 14 exercises, organized from the simplest and most basic to the most complex and sophisticated, were the core education of a classical speaker, designed to produce what Quintilian once called, "the good man, speaking well." The Ant and the Chrysalis Read the Fable aloud.

An Ant nimbly running about in the sunshine in search of food came across a Chrysalis that was very near its time of change. The Chrysalis moved its tail, and thus attracted the attention of the Ant, who then saw for the first time that it was alive. “Poor, pitiable animal!” cried the Ant disdainfully. “What a sad fate is yours! While I can run hither and thither, at my pleasure, and, if I wish, ascend the tallest tree, you lie imprisoned here in your shell, with power only to move a joint or two of your scaly tail.” The Chrysalis heard all this, but did not try to make any reply. A few days after, when the Ant passed that way again, nothing but the shell remained. Wondering what had become of its contents, he felt himself suddenly shaded and fanned by the gorgeous wings of a beautiful Butterfly. “Behold in me,” said the Butterfly, “your much-pitied friend! Boast now of your powers to run and climb as long as you can get me to listen.” So saying, the Butterfly rose in the air, and, borne along and aloft on the summer breeze, was soon lost to the sight of the Ant forever. “Appearances are deceptive.”

Three Plot Components

Give examples of Recognition, Reversal, and Suffering (if applicable).

1. Recognition: ____________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Reversal: _______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Suffering: _______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Variations: Part 1

Give at least two synonyms for the selected words in each sentence. Then vary the sentence in three ways.

1. “I can ascend the tallest tree.”

I: _________________________________________________________________________________ can: ______________________________________________________________________________ ascend: ___________________________________________________________________________ tallest:_____________________________________________________________________________

Reading Assignment:

tree: ______________________________________________________________________________ 1. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________________________

I won’t ask you to read the Art of Grammar by Dionysius, Donatus’ Latin Grammar, or Aristotle’s Organon. Instead, I will give you an easier assignment: Martin Cothran’s Traditional Logic I and II and my Latin Grammar for the Grammar Stage.

Lesson 1

View samples online: www.MemoriaPress.com

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The Latin-Centered Curriculum: A Home Educator's Guide to a Latin-Centered Curriculum by Andrew A. Campbell

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