Advance in Forestry Research November 2013, Volume 1, Issue 4, PP.39-44
Research into Harmony Forestry and Green Hunan Construction Hongcheng He 1, #, Hailing Wei 1, Yin Fei 2 1. Forestry industry research dept. Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China 2. School of Tourism Management, Sanya University, Sanya, China Email: xbd9818@163.com
Abstract This article based on the thought of “oneness of man and nature”, expounds the basic concepts and features of forestry harmony, and proposes building a harmonious forestry development ideas. Base on in-depth analysis of the development significance of harmonious forestry with the combination of the actual construction of Hunan forestry, forest culture and universal concept of ecological civilization; changing forestry development; deepening forestry reform; accelerating scientific and technological innovation; sound Forestry Law and other strategic measures are put forward to boost green Hunan construction. Keywords: Chinese Traditional Culture; Harmonious Forestry; Green Hunan Construction
1 INTRODUCTION For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has been in the pursuit of the harmony of man and nature, man and society. As early as 2000 years ago, Guan Zhong proposed the concept of people-oriented, Confucius advocated “benevolence” of the heart, and Lao Tzu put forward “Human follows land, land follows sky, sky follows Taoism, and Taoism follows nature”. Zhuangzi learned the essence of the former and made on the basis of “Heaven and humanity” concept, Dong Zhongshu developed as “combination of heaven with man” system of philosophy afterwards. It is the essence of the traditional Chinese way of thinking. It comes based on people and emphasizes the positive dynamic world humanist worldview, containing a deep green development concept. As the historical backgrounds of the concept, it is inevitably with feudalism, mystery, etc. We get the advantages without suffering the disadvantages to easily discover that “Heaven and humanity” with its distinctive personality, provides mankind with a very special and very meaningful way worldview. The author proposed “harmonious forest” concept as early as 1999 in the paper “Chinese Traditional Culture and Modern Forestry”. From the Chinese traditional idea of Heaven and humanity, man’s outlook, way of thinking and scientific beliefs will experience great change. Seen from the origins of mankind and the nature of existence and demand, the harmonious coexistence between man and nature is the inevitable result of development of human society besides the highest state of pursuit for the human living environments and quality of life. Therefore, harmony forestry is the inevitable choice of modern forestry and also an important prerequisite and cornerstone for the green construction of Hunan.
2 HARMONY FORESTRY IS THE MODERN FORESTRY BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE SYMBIOTIC 2.1 “Harmony between the Heaven and Human” and "Harmonious Forestry" Heaven and humanity ideas are originated in the theory of pre-Qin, especially Confucianism that heaven with people, nature should be unity. The concept of “Man is the soul of the universe” is highlighted in the effect of human in heaven and earth. Human is the core of heaven and earth with a focus on human activity. But when people promise to love heaven, earth and others, and this means harmony without prejudice to Heaven. This idea provides us with an important - 39 www.ivypub.org/AFR
frame of mind, which means that as long as there are beings on earth, material, energy, information exchange to constitute a huge ecosystem all the time. Human development often breaks the great balance of the ecosystem. As we know, with the scientific and technological development and the industrial revolution bringing mankind huge material wealth and modern civilization, meanwhile there have been facing the world environment, resources, population and poverty in developing countries. Air pollution, water crisis, soil erosion, expanding deserts, greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, biodiversity loss, have been threatening human survival and development directly. Confronting these problems, the development of forestry in the 21st century must establish new forestry outlook. Because according to the view of ecological economics, the modern economic and social system is built on the basis of huge open natural ecosystems systems. Human economic activity-centered social and economic activities are carried out in the natural biosphere. Any economic and social activities must contain human as the subject and environment as the object, both of which are in operation and development of ecosystems as the basis and prerequisite. Also, any social production regardless of material production, or the spirit of the production, as well as the production of human beings, the material and energy they need, is all directly or indirectly derived from ecosystems. So, in economic and social ecosystems and human activities, ecosystems are the foundation of economic and social activity. That man and nature must be symbiotic harmony. The so-called “Harmony Garden”, its basic requirements refer to forestry ecological, industrial, ecological systems– the three system construction practice is a continuous promotion of human-naturally-the social system to achieve a more harmonious and complete equilibrium dynamic coordination process. Various parts of the forestry construction, the content, the interaction of various elements must be people-oriented, promote human survival, the continuous improvement of quality of life and social justice, and they must be nature- human “peaceful coexistence”, free from damage to the ecology, sacrifice expense of the environment. The essence is to build sustainable management of forests and the forestry industry, ecological quality and co-ordination of economic growth, forestry, construction and environmental protection benign interaction between man and nature symbiotic modern forestry. We should cherish feelings of love for nature to develop forestry, forest protection, and use forest resources to achieve the participation of people with the world to a new level.
2.2 Forestry is a Harmonious Interaction between Man and Nature Forestry Forestry is on the premise of harmony "Heaven" humanistic philosophy and universal access to ecological civilization that achieves high-efficiency, resource conservation, forest health, and excellent environment of modern forestry by means of scientific and technological innovation, system assurance. The main features are: 1) Respect for nature, ecological civilization. All people’s love of nature and protection of natural awareness have been greatly enhanced. Achieve positive interaction with man and their career that everyone taps their full potential and find suitable jobs and fully develop ecological culture, fully promote ecological civilization. 2) Technological innovation, forestry administration by law. Firmly establish the concept of national innovation, fully reflect technological original innovation, integrated innovation and the introduction of absorption and innovation. Constantly innovate management system, operation mechanism, and innovative means of work, reflecting the characteristics of the industry, to provide protection to achieve scientific development of forestry. Rule of Law in forestry has been fully implemented, with a complete system of forestry laws and regulations, standardize administrative law enforcement system of forestry, forestry and efficient administrative law enforcement supervision system and a sound system of legal education in forestry, forestry work put into the legal system, institutionalized and standardized track, in order to achieve rapid and healthy development of forestry to provide strong legal protection. 3) Efficiency management, resource conservation. In forest utilization Cultivation and management that is, forest resources are fully utilized, forest productivity significantly improved, forest structure and quality fully improve, functionality and benefits to maximize. In production and consumption, that is, the principle of priority has been fully embodied lay equal stress on generating and economizing. Comprehensive utilization of forest and timber forest resources has been greatly improved and forestry industry chain fully extended, the full development of recycling economy make administrative costs reduce. - 40 www.ivypub.org/AFR
4) Forest health, excellent conditions. Whether rural or urban forest systems, they both have reasonable structure, function optimization, maximization(water conservation, soil conservation, wind and sand, visual effects);obtain high stability and rich biodiversity; higher ecological security; disturbance by a variety of recoverability; higher biomass production; higher economic value of the cycle; greatly benefit growing human material culture needs and emotional and physical benefits.
3 HARMONY FORESTRY IS AN INEVITABLE CHOICE FOR MODERN FORESTRY 3.1 Harmony Forestry is an Important Practice of the Scientific Concept of Development Initiatives Being scientific development, first is to respect the objective laws, revere the natural world. Human origins in the nature, inevitably depend on natural. The ancients have said “One is homogeneous, one pair of days”. In the past we had a lot of forestry management and production methods against nature objective laws, did great damage to the ecological environment, such as use large area to create a single species forest, brought serious pests; fully cultivated a large area of burned mountain caused serious soil erosion in ecologically fragile areas. Develop modern forestry must be incorporated into the complex system of the entire national economy to think , put the harmony between man and nature in the first place while ensuring good ecological environment to provide the whole community a rich supply of forest products. Therefore, building a harmonious forestry, is the basic requirement of comprehensively implementing the scientific concept of development, building a socialist harmonious society, is the common bond and the main content to achieve harmony between man and nature, and is the basis and platform for sustainable economic and social development.
3.2 Forestry is Green Harmony Premise and Foundation Construction in Hunan Mencius said: “All things are in me.” This idea has two meanings; one thing that means the earth may have reason to gather in the human body, another implication is people can use all things. The development of human history, in fact that is the history of the relationship between man and nature. A history of changes in the forest, to a certain extent, reflects the development and evolution of human evolution process. To respect for nature, ecological protection, will provide superior survival of the human condition; instead mankind will suffer endless disaster. Numerous historical facts prove this point. Babylon, ancient Egypt, ancient India, and China’s ancient civilization and the birthplace of the Yellow River, were all dense forests, plant-rich land, but destruction of the forest vegetation resulted in serious desertification of these areas and the decline of civilization. Since a large number of forest felling and other factors, it increasingly experiences lack of water, many countries and regions in the world occur in different levels of water crisis. Currently 60% of terrestrial freshwater resources are insufficient, more than 100 countries in severe water shortages, in some areas, thus become the root causes of neighbor disputes, resorting to force, social instability. Human is one of nature equal, all human activities relying on the basis of the nature of human activities and development should be in harmony with nature as a precondition, not destroy nature. If severely damaged ecosystems, people’s production and living environment worsened, if resources and energy in short supply, economic development and energy resources contradiction with serious imbalance ,the harmony between man and society is difficult to achieve. Under the correct leadership of provincial government, Hunan ecological construction and forestry industry has made great achievements, but ecological pressure still high. As the population increased and people’s living standards improved, the economic social development and resources environment conflicts will become more prominent. If you can not effectively protect the ecology, not only sustainable economic and social development can not be achieved, people also can not drink clean water, breathe the clean air, and eat safe food, which will inevitably lead to serious social problems.
3.3 Harmonious Forestry is an Effective Way to Develop Modern Forestry Confucius’ Mid-View thought has an important instructive significance in our construction of modern forestry as before. That means to grasp the ends of things before you can find the core of it. In forestry harmony between man and nature, harmonious development assumes significant historical mission. Forests are the main terrestrial ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems for the maintenance of security, in protection of biodiversity plays a pivotal role, known as the “lungs of the Earth”. Wetlands in maintaining water balance, protection of biodiversity also has enormous ecological - 41 www.ivypub.org/AFR
function in other aspects, known as the “kidney of the earth”. It is a complete ecosystem as well as link bridge to join marine and forest ecosystems. Forest and wetland ecosystems are two ecological security barriers concerned with comprehensive national development, national prosperity and progress, people’s living and working in peace and contentment. The progress of science and Innovation of ideological concept send the public understanding of the role of forestry into comprehensively improvement. Especially after the “eight” devastating floods, the public perception of the role of forests and forestry produces a qualitative leap whose ecological concerns have reached an unprecedented height. The main goal of forestry harmony is through ecological protection, ecological restoration and improving the ecological to a good environment for human-survival and socio-economic development; simultaneously through cleaner production, recycling and efficient use to provide sustainable use of resource-saving and environment-friendly forest products and services of for national economic development as much as possible.
4 BUILD THE STRATEGIC MEASURES TO BOOST A HARMONIOUS GREEN HUMAN FORESTRY 4.1 Spread Forest Culture and Universal Concept of Ecological Civilization, Enhance the Concept of Green Development To do more publicity. Fully exercise function of media in guiding public opinion. Propagandizes the excellent traditional culture “nature and humanity” and eco-civilization value, morality achievements view to make the whole society to cultivate the ideology of respecting, protecting and conforming to nature, so that love nature, protect nature have become self-conscious behavior of public. To strengthen education training. Compact and issue national moral norms of ecological civilization, build a number of significant forest iconic cultural and educational bases. Each city and county should have a good selection of vegetation suburban forest park or cultural connotation of woodland to establish forest ecology education base; need to in the main traffic areas and forest areas to establish a permanent contagious propaganda or warning signs (plaque) of forest culture. Dovetail the contents of ecological civilization into the national education system. Strengthen ecological civilization education and popularization on leading cadres at all levels, enterprise manager and urban and rural residents. To strengthen the model and guide. Pushing through leadership, a typical drive, the system drivers, activity driven, etc., vigorously carry out voluntary tree planting, forest protection section, birding festival, flower festival, green festivals and activities to create a green, growing green volunteers and civil society organizations, guide the formation of green demonstration effect, widespread popularity forest culture and ecological civilization, improve green development concept.
4.2 Transformation of Forestry Development, Improving the Level of Green Development Insist high efficiency and development in a resources-efficient. Always put the focus of our work on quality and efficiency, in pursuit of the rapid pace of development, higher quality of development and development effectiveness. In improved and super seedlings, we should attach great importance to the foundation for building work, make tree seedling construction shift from quantity orientation to quality orientation. In afforestation, we should fully implement the concept of forest health, pay attention to the rational allocation of resources, effectively strengthen administration of afforestation progress, improve resource utilization and forest productivity, ensure the quality and effectiveness of afforestation. In dealing with the relationship between cultivation and deforestation, we should do a reasonable harvest in cultivation. In engineering supervision, we should vigorously strengthen detective work on engineering effect and raise the level of engineering construction. In industrial development, we should encourage qualified enterprise units to individual units of intensive, large-scale industrial intensive, scaled, industrial to develop forestry, in particular, to encourage wood-processing factories to develop material forest base, ensure timber and forest product supply, give more support to resource-saving, environment-friendly, highly technical and cost-effective infrastructure. Meanwhile, organize and draw up provincial engineering construction plan, perfect technical standard of fast-growing forest still more improve the engineering technical level. Emphasize ecology protection. On the one hand, adhere to “strict protection, positive development, scientific - 42 www.ivypub.org/AFR
management, sustainable use” approach, take effective measures and strengthen law enforcement to effectively protect precious resources of natural forests, wetlands, wildlife, native vegetation etc, biological diversity, species diversity and genetic diversity to promote ecological restoration. On the other hand, deal with the relationship between protection and utilization, scientifically manage and utilize forests, wetlands, wildlife and other natural resources to achieve forest resources “in the protection of reasonable use, in the use of the active protection”, so help them mutually reinforcing and interdependent, truly achieve “the more you use, the better you are”. Forestry can quickly put on the path of rapid and sound development. Forestry classification management. With the different functions and uses of forest resources, determine the proportion of public welfare forest and commercial forest, and reasonably discriminate and define the two ones, so commercial forest can be available to the market, ecological forest can be effectively bonded to the protection , the ecological effect can be developed to the greatest extent, forest resources can be used more effective and sufficient, thus economic benefits, ecological benefits and the social benefits of forest obtained the fullest release.
4.3 Deepen the Forestry Reform and Innovation, and Promote Green Development Activity To deepen the reform of forestry. Reformation is the motivation to liberate Forestry productive forces, the fundamental way to solve the deep-rooted contradictions resulting from forestry development, effective means of digging out the forestry potential and integral requirement to promote rapid and sound forestry development. This, of course, requires us to accelerate the establishment of modern forestry management system and operational mechanism in favor of harmonious forestry development and ecological civilization construction, to consolidate collective forest right reforms thus continually with deepening state-owned forest farm reforms; to accelerate forestry comprehensive enforcement with promoting forest management and service system and forest property right market system construction; to strengthen forestry professional cooperative organizations of farmers with cultivating new forestry management entities; strive to develop the forest economy for widening villagers’ employment; make efforts to improve local forestry station management and service levels; establish ecological compensation guarantee mechanism for forest classification management; deepen the reform of forest harvesting, strictly limiting forest harvesting ;build healthy balanced and coordinated greening institutions; launch more development activities to forest city, green village and green community to help establish operating mechanism making for three major benefits (ecology, economic and social ones) of forestry, finally establish forest institutional security adjusted with green Hunan construction. To accelerate scientific and technological innovation. This is a great move of excavating and mobilizing endogenous power to promote forestry development, which is favorable to the provision of technical services for green Hunan construction. another major move is to guild forestry science to the “green” word, whether breeding, forest management, product development or production technology key technologies of which should all focus on whether it is avail to ecological protection, resource conservation, cleaner production, or recycling use. Actively support resource saving, environment-friendly technology research projects and strive to develop green cultivation, green manufacturing technical and industry. We should enhance the original forestry science and technology innovation, integrated innovation, the introduction of digestion and absorption re-innovation with the focus on its pulling in the emerging field, its support in all forest processes, its breakthrough for core technology and key problems, last the driving role of industrial restructuring and new industries. Beyond that we need to comprehensively improve the quality of forest building, to enhance forest productivity, to improve the efficiency of the use of natural forestry resources and to raise the comprehensive forest benefit and its overall functionality to any lengths.
4.4 Establish and Improve the Forestry Law to Protect the Green Building in Hunan First, in the aspect of legislation. Forestry administrative legislation should be based on fully reflecting the ecological law, full consideration to the interests of ecological balance with coordination of economic interests, and full consideration to sustainable forestry development, via establishing forestry legislation, to achieve social, economic and environmental objectives balanced and integrated aspects of effective play. Second, in the aspect of law enforcement. Persists in legal forestry managing, place forest resource management and protection into law and regulation supervision so as to realize forestry conservation and management protection. Pay attention to forestry ecological, economic evaluation. Apply a quota management for deforestation, control forest resource excessive - 43 www.ivypub.org/AFR
consumption, perfect the management mechanism and enlarge the management. Enhance the management of forest land, prevent woodland reversal, carry out woodland usage management and total amount control policy, and mete out severe punishment for disafforestation and illegally occupying woodland. Establish and improve the timber transport permit collection, storage, distribution and statistical report system. Seriously implement the system of wood movement with proper identification and strengthen supervision and administration of wood processing units.
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