SEE INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE Electricity in Southeast Europe
August 2009
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This industry overview is an integral part of SEE TOP 100, Edition 2009 – a comprehensive, in- depth guide to the transition economies of Southeast Europe, published be SeeNews. SEE TOP 100 is a unique ranking of the biggest companies in the region of Southeast Europe. This annual publication comprises: • SEE TOP 100 • SEE TOP 50 Banks • SEE Top 50 Per Capita • SEE Industrial • SEE IPOs • SEE Corporate Management • SEE TOP 100 CEOs List • SEE Country Profiles • SEE Best Employers • Analyses & Interviews If you are interested in obtaining a hard copy of the SEE TOP 100, Edition 2009, please e- mail us at consulting@seenews.com or call at +359 2 8012 610. The SEE TOP 100 ranking is also available on www.top100.seenews.com.
The undisputable leader in the ranking of the largest electricity companies in SEE is the region’s largest economy, Romania, with nine representatives, followed by Croatia with four and Bulgaria with three. However, Serbia’s state-controlled company JP Elektroprivreda Srbija, which operates the entire chain of energy generation, transmission and distribution, heads the ranking with total revenue of 1.76 billion euro in 2008, followed by another staterun mammoth, Croatia’s Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. with 1.56 billion euro. Bosnia’s biggest power utility JP Elektroprivreda BiH ranked 14th. The company operates in the Muslim- Croat Federation, one of Bosnia's two post- war autonomous parts (the other is the Serb Republic). Only three of the top 20 power generation and distribution companies ended 2008 with a net loss: the leaders JP Elektroprivreda Srbija and Hrvatska Elektroprivreda, and Romanian power producer Electrocentrale Bucuresti SA.
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The aggregate revenues of the 20 companies in the sector totalled 14.7 billion euro in 2008, up from 12.6 billion euro in 2007.
Methodology SEE Industry at a Glance represents a series of sub-rankings of the 20 biggest companies by total revenue within the top five industries in SEE TOP 100: Petroleum/Natural Gas, Electricity, Wholesale/Retail, Telecommunications and Metals. In order to make the ranking more comprehensive, we have looked beyond the 100 companies in our flagship ranking and expanded the scope to the entire pool of over 1,000 enterprises.
Company name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
JP Elektroprivreda Srbije Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania EAD GDF SUEZ Energy Romania SA Holding Slovenske Elektrarne d.o.o. E.ON Gaz Romania SA C.N.T.E.E. Transelectrica SA Electrica SA Hidroelectrica SA Electrocentrale Bucuresti SA CEZ Elektro Bulgaria AD HEP-proizvodnja d.o.o. HEP-Operator Distribucijskog Sustava d.o.o. JP Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. Complexul Energetic Turceni SA Enel Distributie Muntenia SA AETs Kozloduy EAD Nuclearelectrica SA SODO d.o.o. Complexul Energetic Rovinari SA
Country Serbia Croatia Bulgaria Romania Slovenia Romania Romania Romania Romania Romania Bulgaria Croatia Croatia B and H Romania Romania Bulgaria Romania Slovenia Romania
Total revenue 2008 1,760.87 1,557.60 1,521.43 997.24 856.65 782.85 752.31 713.51 669.10 576.75 550.56 527.48 479.22 463.74 455.07 449.20 427.22 400.43 348.97 346.51
Total revenue 2007 1,691.53 1,403.51 1,275.46 934.24 943.96 349.05 659.49 232.39 590.09 678.63 465.53 488.72 423.43 391.27 412.14 492.22 324.24 306.45 169.23 328.39
Net Profit/ Loss 2008
Net Profit/ Loss 2007
-26.96 -1.78 23.95 32.26 53.76 10.96 10.52 306.14 16.34 -86.71 7.36 3.37 18.10 23.64 5.01 55.36 35.85 25.86 0.198 0.261
-36.91 61.68 21.21 50.51 12.41 20.71 14.42 0.271 14.56 -26.37 7.26 -15.03 -13.41 11.69 21.70 12.07 1.77 24.56 0.065 21.96
in millions of euro
Power demand rose by 2.5% in Southeastern Europe (SEE) last year mainly due to growing household consumption, figures from the Paris- based International Energy Agency indicate. Electricity output in some SEE countries rose as high as 5.78% last year but producers’ profits dwindled or disappeared altogether as production costs also increased. Although electricity prices in most of the SEE countries went up last year, the rise could not
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compensate for the increase in the prices of coal and natural gas used by power plants to generate electricity. Bound together by the Energy Treaty, which established the Energy Community of South East Europe (ECSEE) in 2005, European Union newcomers from the SEE and EU- aspiring countries are all committed to ensuring market liberalisation, uninterrupted power supply and modernisation of outdated capacities. Modernisation is especially needed for electricity distribution networks and substations in the region. Projects in the SEE electricity sector are often financially backed by the World Bank, the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development and international development agencies. Major Western European utilities like E.ON AG, Enel SpA and EVN AG recognized the development potential of the SEE electricity sector and entered the region in recent years. Generation and Consumption R ising Electricity consumption rose to 203.7 terawatthours (TWh) in SEE last year, while generation increased to 204.4 TWh. Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Serbia generate more electricity than they consume, while the rest of the SEE countries are net electricity importers. Romania generated over 64.01 TWh of electricity in 2008, up 5.78% from a year earlier, Bulgaria produced nearly 45 TWh, up 4.17%, and Serbia generated 35 TWh, a 2.10% increase from 2007. Demand for electricity grew so rapidly in Albania last year that the government introduced power rationing due to supply constraints imposed by insufficient domestic generation and the limited capacity for imports of the country’s transmission system. The power plants located in SEE have a combined inst alled capacity of some 76 gigawatts. The region imported around 13.35 TWh in 2008, equivalent to 6.70% of its power consumption. Consultancy firm KPMG and German research institute European Stability Initiative say that unless SEE countries invest in new power plants, the region will become increasingly dependent on electricity imports in the following years.
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Bulgaria's dominant state- run power utility NEK forecasts a power deficit of 8.0-10 TWh in the region in the following years. Electricity demand in SEE will increase by an average 2.0% to 3.0% per year, analysts say. Power Generation and Consumption in SEE
70 60
64.01
TWh
50 40
54.61
30
44.93 40.00
20
35.04 33.70
10
14.34
0 Romania
Bulgaria
Serbia
12.16
14.04 19.57
Croatia
13.41 Slovenia
11.62 Bosnia and Herzegovina
5.62
10.10
Macedonia
4.50 4.94 Kosovo
3.85
6.61
Albania
5.15 3.83 Moldova
4.00 2.04 Montenegro
Country Generation
Investment Goes on
Consumption
Source: SeeNews
In 2008, power producers and distributors in SEE both continued with their scheduled investments. Outdated distribution networks and generation facilities in SEE, some dating back to the 1960s, are gradually being replaced altogether or upgraded in order to secure reliable power supplies needed to back the region’s economic growth. Bulgaria’s NEK and Romania’s nuclear power plant operator Nuclearelectrica have secured financing for ambitious nuclear energy projects, while smaller electricity companies from Bosnia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Slovenia have opted for hydro power projects, relying on their countries’ abundant hydrological potential. An increasing number of companies from the region and have started to channel investments into renewable energy projects, aiming to diversify their electricity mix and meet EU directives on increasing the share of renewable sources in electricity production.
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Selected Investment Projects of Power Companies Company Korporata Energjitike Shqiptare (KESH) Sh.a.
Project
EUR mln
Power grid rehabilitation Building of new generation capacities and JP Elektroprivreda BIH d.d. modernisation of existing ones JP Elektroprivreda hrvatske Investment in rehabilitation of facilities and zajednice Herceg-Bosne d.d. equipment Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania Construction of the Belene nuclear power AD plant (NPP) Network expansions and maintenance and EVN Bulgaria AD construction of new power facilities Construction of six power plants, an liquified natural gas terminal and a transmission line Hrvatska Elektroprivreda (HEP) d.d. by 2015 Building of Sveta Petka hydro power plant Elektrani na Makedonija (ELEM) AD (HPP)
171.80
EVN Macedonia AD
35.00
Distribution system modernisation Upgrade and expansion of distribution RED Nord SA network Generation and distribution capacity Elekroprivreda Crne Gore AD Niksic upgrades over 5 years Societatea Nationala Construction of units 3 and 4 at Cernavoda Nuclearelectrica SA NPP ?.ON Moldova Distributie SRL JP Elektoprivreda Srbije
Modernisation of distribution installations Capacity upgrades, development and revamp of distribution network
Holding Slovenske Elektrarne (HSE) d.o.o. Termoelektrarna Sostanj (TES) d.o.o.
Building of three HPPs. With a combined production capacity of 720 GWh by 2018 Construction of the 600 MW generator with a steam turbine
6.26 60.85 37.15
71.58
2,100 64.24
5.30 260.00 2,000 1.26 51.09
405.00 350.00
Source: SeeNews
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In State Hands After the EU required energy market liberalisation and unbundling of former vertically integrated companies across Europe in 2003, SEE countries started considering the privatisation of parts of their electricity sector. SEE countries invited foreign majors to take over some power generation and distribution facilities in the last three years and Germany’s E.ON AG, Austria’s EVN AG, Italy’s Enel SpA and Czech CEZ a.s. entered the region’s electricity market. While in EU members Bulgaria and Romania, and in Macedonia, former power monopolies were split into separate companies, operating respectively distribution, transmission and generation facilities, in other SEE countries mammoth state- run companies continue to manage all the three activities, for example JP Elektroprivreda Srbija, Hrvatska Elektroprivreda (HEP) d.d. and Holding Slovenske Elektrarne (HSE) d.o.o. State Ownership in SEE Power Utilities Company Korporata Energjitike Shqiptare (KESH) Sh.a. JP Elektroprivreda BIH d.d. AETs Kozloduy AD Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania AD Hrvatska Elektroprivreda (HEP) d.d. Elektrani na Makedonija (ELEM) AD Elekroprivreda Crne Gore AD Niksic Societatea Nationala Nuclearelectrica SA
Country Albania Federation Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Bulgaria Croatia Macedonia Montenegro Romania
Share (%) 100.00 90.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 70.59 100.00
Source: Company websites
Coal Dominates Generation Coal still dominates electricity generation in Southeastern Europe with an average share of 47.5%. Years of intensive exploitation, however, have exhausted some mines and imports of coal are increasingly needed. Hydropower generation comes second with an average share of 34.4% in the region’s electricity output. Albania depends almost entirely on its water resources to generate electricity, while Moldova relies almost completely on natural gas imports from Russia to generate electricity.
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EU members Romania, Bulgaria and Slovenia are the only countries in SEE that operate nuclear power plants. Slowly, the region is turning to renewables (wind, solar energy, biomass and waste) to generate electricity. The share of renewables in Bulgaria should rise to at least 16% by 2020 from 1.0% in 2005 under EU directives. The target for Romania is 24%, while Slovenia should cover 25% of its gross domestic energy consumption from renewable energy sources by 2020.
SEE Electricity Production by Type of Generation SEE Electricity Generation Mix
Share (%)
Albania hydro oil
98.17 1.83
BosniaandHerzegovina coal
54.92
Share (%)
Moldova
oil hydro Bulgaria
1.19 43.89
coal oil
41.90 0.83
gas waste nuclear
4.71 0.02 42.52
hydro wind
SEE Electricity Generation Mix
9.99 0.04
Croatia coal oil
18.16 15.78
gas biomass
16.56 0.09
hydro wind
49.27 0.15
Macedonia coal oil
72.91 3.54
hydro
23.55
oil
0.50
gas hydro
97.49 2.01
Romania coal oil
40.30 2.56
gas
18.87
biomass nuclear
0.01 8.98
hydro Serbia
29.28
coal
68.73
oil
0.89
gas
0.32
hydro
30.06
Slovenia coal
35.96
oil
0.34
gas
2.45
biomass
0.74
waste nuclear hydro
0.03 36.71 23.76
*Data for 2006 Source: International Energy Agency
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Foreign Power Majors in SEE CEZ, Enel, E.ON and EVN operate generation and distribution facilities in Bulgaria, Romania and Macedonia. CEZ is also considering entering the markets of Bosnia, Kosovo and Serbia. Foreign-based Power Producers and Distributors in SEE Company
Presence
CEZ a.s (the Czech Republic)
Bulgaria, Romania
Enel SpA (Italy)
Bulgaria, Romania
E.On AG (Germany)
Bulgaria, Romania
EVN AG (Austria)
Bulgaria, Macedonia
Source: Company websites
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