Colonial Mexico

Colonial Mexico The Viceroyalty of New Spain

Consolidating New Spain  The Spanish Claims on America  Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494

 Casa de Contratación (1503, Seville)  Council of the Indies (1524)  Settling New Spain  Extending the Conquest: Nuño de Guzmán, Francisco Coronado, Juan de Oñate  The Legacy of Cortes  The Threat of Foreign Competition

Administering an Empire  The Viceroyalty of New Spain  The “Republic of Spaniards”  The Viceroy  Antonio de Mendoza, Luis de Velasco (the elder)

 The Audiencia  Oidores

 The Visitador: Royal Oversight  Corregidores, Alcaldes Mayores, or Gobernadores

The Local Context  The Cabildo [Ayuntamiento]   

Town Councils Tensions between Local and Royal Agendas The Growth of Local Aristocracies

 Peninsulares and Criollos: The Distinction Emerges

The “Republic of the Indians”    

Corregidores de Indios The Role of the Cacique Indian Depopulation The “Indian Question”  The Encomienda  The Power of Encomenderos

 The New Laws of the Indies (1542)  Bartolomé de Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda (the 1550 debate)  The Repartimiento

The Spanish Imperial System  The Imperial Monopoly  Mercantilism

 A Fragmentation of Authority  The State as All-Present, but Not AllPowerful  “I Obey but Do Not Comply.”

The Economy of New Spain  The Example of Cortes  The Advance of the Hacienda   

Hacendados Marriage and Entail An Unstable Elite, at first

 Agriculture & Livestock  Mining

 Zacatecas, San Luis Postosí  The Quinto (Royal Fifth)

 The Beginnings of Manufacturing  Obrajes

Alcoman Monastery

Altar at National Cathedral

Interior View, Cholula Cathedral

Cuernavaca

San Jose Mission, San Antonio

Valladolid

Yaxcabรก (in the Yucatรกn)

The Church in Colonial Mexico    

The Spanish “Patronato Real” Secular and Regular Clergy The Church vs. the Encomenderos The Accession of Phillip II (1559)  Eroding the Church’s Position

 The Work of Conversion  

The Inquisition, 1571 “Syncretism”

 Wordliness  Fueros, Property Accumulation

Colonial Society  The Vagaries of Race     

Peninsulares, Criollos Mestizos Indians Africans Becoming “White”

 The Status and Role of Women  Population in Mexico