អភិធម្មត្ថសង្គហ

ABHIDHAMMATTHASANGAHA PARICCHEDA NO. 1

COMPENDIUM Buddhist Abbhidhamma A Concise Treatise on Mind or Consciousness COMPILED by

Dhammacariya Ros Sophat Edited and Published by Dr. Thel Thong

‘for free distribution’ Melbourne, December 2007

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Note from the Editor This note has been the result of my experiences in response to the traditional belief of Cambodians ‘why Abbhidhamma is so difficult for Cambodians in general’. I try to answer it briefly after spending two years from 2005 to 2006 just to edit a booklet of two hundred pages of the Khmer version of part one of this compendium of Buddhist Abhidhamma by Lok Kru Dhammacarya Ros Sophat. As an introduction, let’s consider the three main concepts of Buddhist study which is commonly known as ‘Tri Sekha (Tri = three and Sekha = study). What are these three objects of study in Buddhism? They are Sila, codes of ethics, Samadhi, meditation for insights and Pañña, wisdom generated from insights. A simple simile is helpful to illustrate it. Nobody can see the bottom of a container which contains unclear and polluted water, unless the dust is settled. Western scholars used to describe Buddhism as a ‘religion of reason’. It may happen after they came across a Sutta entitled Kalama Sutta. An extract of the Sutta describing the answer of the Buddha to Kalama princes and princesses is commonly known as the Charter of Free Inquiry. The Buddha submitted himself to this charter too. The main aim of this note is not to explain the content of ‘Tri Sekha’. There is plenty of English literature on this topic. Followings are some of my experiences in relation to ‘why Abbhidhamma is so difficult for Cambodians in general’. Firstly, what is Abhidhamma. Abhidhamma is composed of two terms which are Abhi = higher, deep or excellent and Dhamma = teaching. It contains three main objects of study, which are Citta, mind or consciousness, Cetasika, mind quality or its inseparable components and Rupa, physical body or aggregates. Abhidhamma is the highest teaching of the Buddha; and when he was alive this topic was taught to his mother and other Devas, the inhabitants of Dusita, one of the thirty-one realms of existence in Buddhist cosmology. On earth, it was taught to the inhabitants of the locality of Kuru, the present Delhi, New Delhi and its surrounding territory. According to the Theravada tradition, the Buddha found it difficult to preach and expound this topic; and there were only these two suitable places of his choice. Secondly, it is not so difficult for western scholars because they have had higher degrees before engaging to learn Buddhism, but for the general public it can be out of touch because it has been rooted in two different opposite poles of faith. The English word ‘religion’ plays an important part in the explanation of this concept. Thirdly, the majority of Cambodians are not academically equipped to face this tremendous, voluminous, scientific-oriented, multi-facetted, metaphysical, analytic and so interrelated disciplines of study. Cambodians approach the study of Abhidhamma in its traditional ways through their teachers; and they rely mainly on them. There are no requisite as it should be. The Pali text of the Abhidhamma has been translated into Khmer language, but there is no vulgarized or simplified version of it. The Khmer text is full of borrowed Pali terms, and so far there is no comprehensive and exhaustive glossary or dictionary of Abhidhamma in Khmer. There is no self-taught book of Abhidhamma.

Tripitaka, the Buddhist canon, has a collection of one hundred and ten volumes of books; and thirty-three of them are books dealing with Abhidhamma. Fourthly, there are two aspects of teaching and learning in Buddhism. They are known as Pariyatti, theoretical learning, and Patipatti, the practical aspect. It is not useful to undertake only the Pariyatti aspect. To engage only in the Patipatti aspect and disregard the Pariyatti part is also not useful. They are the two faces of the same coin; and we have to have both. Buddhism is not a blind faith. In one of his speech, Venerable K. S. Dhammananda stated that “Buddhism is a self-taught religion”. Fifthly, we are accustomed to study the objects outside of the body. In school, everything to be learned and taught is around us but not within oneself. The Buddhist teaching stresses in the reverse ‘you are your own salvation’. Knowing yourself is the only way out of the misery in life. In Buddhism, knowing oneself is the only way to salvage oneself spiritually. To be a teacher of Abhidhamma, one has to be well-versed in it as well as a practitioner of Buddhism. These two attributes are required in Buddhism for teachers and students alike. Western modern teaching pedagogy on top of the Buddha’s teaching techniques is required as a tool to present the Buddhist lessons to people in general. Remember that teaching is not only from the book, but it includes also what one has had from the actual practices and real experiences in the Dhamma. A Buddhist teacher is a role model in life; and there is no separate distinction between theoretical knowledge from the practical one in Khmer tradition. A Guru is not a teacher in the western concept of teaching. This is the hardest part of the teaching of Abhidhamma; and it explains also partly what the Cambodian Buddhists means ‘why Abhidhamma study is so difficult for them’. Now I am in my last leg of my life; and I am struggling with it too as any of my fellow Cambodian Buddhists everywhere in the world. Sixthly, the compendium booklet of Abhidhamma you have had in hand is worth for you to try to understand and experiment yourself what I mean to learn Abhidhamma through the existing Khmer texts. I wish to warn you that as a bilingual speaker you have to be well-equipped with both resources bilingually to overcome the hurdles you expect to face. Twenty tapes on Abhidhamma by Lok Kru Ros Sophat and two hundred tapes on Abhidhamma by Lok Kru Dhammacarya Buth Savong are required to get through prior to any engagement; otherwise you will repeat the same question as I did in the past two years. Seventhly, what I have to share with Khmer readers, at the moment, is limited to this single copy of the book on Abhidhamma, the Paricheda number one of the Abhidhammatha Sangaha. My intention is to edit some more similar books by Lok Kru Ros Sophat. There will be some more hurdles to overcome along the way. This book must be regarded as a reference only. It is not a cooked product. I consider it as a raw ingredient or a raw data which needs to be properly processed. Separate lessons plans have to be drawn from it as well as from other similar resources in this topic of Abhidhamma. What creates most of difficulties to un-experienced readers are: 1. the unsparingly use of the terms e. g. the words Citta, some of the names of specific Cittas and Nibbana have multiple equivalent terms. Citta has ten

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

equivalent terms in Pali and in Khmer language (see page 60 of this compendium). Eight Mahakiriya Cittas have four equivalent terms (see page 120). The most intriguing, complex and sometimes beyond any comprehension of Buddhist and non-Buddhist alike, is the Buddhist term Dhamma. Everything is Dhamma. Next comes the term Anatta or the non-self. And last the term Sankhara, and then everything is Sankhara again… In this compendium, the text mentions Sampaticchana Citta instead of Opekha Sahagata Manodhatu Kusala Vipaka Citta and two Santirana Cittas in place of Somanassa Sahagata Manoviñañanadhatu Ahetuka Kusala Vipaka Citta and Opekha Sahagata Manoviñañanadhatu Ahetuka Kusala Vipaka Citta (see page 68). There are similar mention of these two cases found in other two works in Khmer language. The first one is entitled ‘Abhidhamma Prampi Kumpi’, (the seven books of Abhidhamma compendium by Ven. Thoan Vann, 1954, page 8); and the second one is Abhidhammatthasangaha (Abhidhamma Compendium by Ven. Um Sou, Buddhist Era 2494. pages 77-93). Lok Kru Dhammacarya Buth Savong mentioned in his sermon on Abhidhamma, tape 81, that “it is appropriate to use the terms Manodhatu instead of Sampaticchana Citta and Manoviññanadhatu instead of Santirana Cittas because Sampaticchana and Santirana denote Kicca (work or performance) instead of the mind itself”. We have to distinguish between the farmer and the actual act of ploughing. During the time of the Buddha and after he entered Nibbana, Buddhist teaching was based on oral tradition; and the transcription of the text has been based on that tradition too. Repetition was used to enhance the memorization. The term Nibbana is the most abstract term in Buddhism. There are three categories or classification of the term Nibbana; and out of these three categories Nibbana is also known under three other qualifications which are eight Kittiguna or eight virtues (eight different terminologies), thirty-two Kittiguna or thirty-two virtues (thirty-two different terminologies, and the last one is forty-six Kittinama or forty-six honourary names (forty-six different terminologies). I and my group have had hard time while learning about the Mahakusala Cittas and the combination of Citta with Cetasika (Sampayutta or Sampayoga): a. Mohakusala, Mohavipaka and Mohakirya Cittas which form part of the names of the group of fifty-four Cittas are similar to Lobhamula Cittas. The only clue present in the enumeration is the term Ñana. Students may overlook it; and they fall into the trap. This presents the first confusion for beginners including myself. This is the way that I got loss because their names, at a glance, are the same as those of Lobhamula Citta (see page 86). b. The combination of Cittas (Sampayutta or Sampayoga) with Cetasika has been taught by Buddhist teachers in Cambodia. They have followed the books and started from the twelve Lobhamula Cittas. These twelve Cittas have more Sampayutta-Cetasikas for each of them compared to Cittas belonging to the five-sense consciousness or Cittas e.g. eye-consciousness, ear consciousness etc... Each of them requires only the basic seven Cetasikas known as Sabba Citta Sadharana Cetasika. Few months passed by, I discovered that it was the way that has been taught in Cambodia. For

example, it was mentioned in the book by Ven. Thoan Vann, page 36 cited above. The second book by Lok Kru Ros Sophat, Abhidhamma Paricheda no. 2, which will be published in 2009 has similar presentation on the subject of Sampayutta or Sampayoga between Citta and Cetasika. It can be found also in the book by Venerable Um Sou, page 39-59 cited above. The approach established in these two resources was to cite each name of Cittasika and the way it is combined with the eighty-nine Cittas. Cambodian Buddhists who wish to use these two books need to have a tutor otherwise they will be lost in the wilderness. c. My experience in learning the process of Sampayoga of Cittas and Cetasika is to approach from the names of the ten Cittas or Dvi Pañca Viññana Cittas, the five sense-organ consciousness because they are the least combination of number of Cetasikas and move gradually to the more complex ones which are the Mahagata Cittas and those of Lokutara Cittas. This approach is based on the least to the many, the easier to the more difficult and from the commonly known to the hardly known. The main focus is how we can help ourselves or self-salvation. I wish to conclude by stating firstly, that there is nothing wrong about the books of Abhidhamma or resources used as there is nothing wrong with the impenetrable jungle, but the way we exploit it; that is the matter of concern. Secondly, I can sum up my experiences in ending this note by recalling the story of the four blind men. Remember that we are still in the same stage and learning conditions as it has been experienced by the four blind men who try to describe the full picture of an elephant to each other. The long term aim is to earn the first ‘stream winner’.

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sik CanamZm(dwgGarmµN¾ cMENkÉniBVanCanamZm(mindwgGarmµN¾.

cit 89 ß 121 nigectsik52 CanamZm( Casg¡arZm( Casg¡tZm(

rUb 28 niBVan

CarUbZm( Casga¡rZm( Casg¡tZm(

CanamZm( Cavisg¡arZm( CaGsg¡tZm( xnÆ 5

xnÆ5 KW rUbk¡nÆ1 evTnaxnÆ1 sBa¦axnÆ1 sg¡ark¡nÆ1 viBa¦aNk¡nÆ1.

3

Baküza xnÆsMedAdl´sPavZm(EdlcMENkCaGtIt GnaKt bc©úb|nñ xagkñúg

xageRkA eRKatRKat lÁit ezakTab RbNIt qáay Cit.

xnÆCarUbZm(namZm( Casg¡arZm( Casg¡tZm( KWCaZm(Edlbc©&ytak´Etg nig

ekItrlt´.

Baküza

ó:Tank¡nÆsMedAykxnÆNaEdlRbRBwtþRbkbnwgGasv;Cabc©&ydl´

ó:Tan enHehAzaó:Tank¡nÆ. elakutþrcitþnigectsik minEmnCa ó:Tank¡nÆ. GtækñúgRBHGPiZmµTaMgLayEdlRBHsmµasm¬úTÆCam©as´RTg´Rtas´TukenaH

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KW

rUb 28 Ca rUbk¡nÆ

ectsik52 KW evTnaectsik1 CaevTnaxnÆ. sBa¦aectsik1 CasBa¦axnÆ.

enAsl´ectsik50eT[t Casg¡ark¡nÆ rYmCaxnÆ3. citþ89 CaviBa¦aNk¡nÆ

niBVan CaxnÆvimutþputcakBIxnÆTaMg5 dUecñaHbrmtæZm(3 CaxnÆ5 ehIyxnÆ5 Ca

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citþbrmtæ Baküzacitþ manesckIþza ? -ZmµCatiNa rEmgKitKWdwgGarmµN¾ ZmµCatienaH eQµaHza citþ.

-ZmµCatiEdleQµaHza citþ eRJHGtæza Caehtuosm|yutþZm(dwgGarmµN¾. -ZmµCatiEdlRKan´EtKitKWdwg k*eQµaHza citþ.

kñúgGdðsalinI eBalTukza ?

yM citMþ mena hTyM mansM bNÐrM mnaytnM mniRniÞyM viBa¦aNM viBa¦aNk¡enÆa tC¢a menaviBa¦aNZatu «TM citMþ ERbza ;

1-ZmµCatiNarEmgKit ZmµCatienaH eQµaHzacitþ.

2-ZmµCatiNaEtgbegÁaneTA ZmµCatienaH eQµaHza mena. 3-ZmµCatiEdldwgGarmµN¾Tukxagkñúg eQµaHza hTy;.

4-citþenaHÉgmanqnÞ;KwesckIþeBjcitþ eQµaHza mans;. 5-citþenaH CaZmµCatibrisuTÆ eQµaHza bNÐr;.

6-mn;EdlCaGaytn;xagkñúg eQµaHza mnaytn;. 7-mn;EdlCa«RnIÞy¾ eQµaHza mniRnIÞy¾.

8-ZmµCatiEdldwgc|as´nUvGarmµN¾ eQµaHza viBa¦aN. 9-xnÆKWkgénviBa¦aN eQµaHza viBa¦aNk¡nÆ.

5

10-mn;EdlCaZatudwgc|as´nUvGarmµN ¾eQµaHza menaviBa¦aNZatu. lk¡N;rbs´citþ

citþCasg¡tZm( KWZm( KWZm(Edlmanbc©&ytak´Etg edaykartak´Etg rbs´bc©&y

TaMgLaydUecñaHÉg

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‘éRtlk¡N¾’ KWGnic©lk¡N; Tuk¡lk¡N; nigGntþlk¡N; eRBaHEtcitþmansPaB CaéRtlk¡N;ya¨genHÉg

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mankardwgGarmµN¾ Calk¡N;.

2-buBVg<mrsM

mankarCaRbZanCakic©.

4-namrUbbTdðanM

mannamk¡nÆ3 nigrUbCabTdðan.

3-snÆanbc©úb|dðanM

mankarekItbnþCab´Kña CaGakarR:kd.

GMNacrbs´citþ kñúgcitþs&BÞenH manesckIþseg¡bza ?

1-vicitþkruNa citþM eQµaHzacitþ eRBaHeZIVovicitþepSg> nigeZIVvtæúepSg>oviciRt

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k*eRBaHcitþdUcCaKMnUr

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kareZIVTIekItEdlekItBIcitþ

CakuslnigCaGkusl

mannrk tircäan mnusS eTvtaCaedIm. 2-Gtþena

k*eRBaHcitþ

citþtay

va

eQµaHzacitþ

cmøak´CaedIm

nigmüa¨geT[tsMedAdl´

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Kwza

citþenaHÉg

xN;xøHk*Cavi:k xN;xøHk*Cakiriya.

xN;xøHk*Cakusl

6

xN;xøHk*CaGkusl

3-citþMkmµkieleshi eQµaHzacitþ eRBaHsnSMkmµ nigkiels. KWcitþenaHÉg Ca

tYsnSMkmµ EdlCakusl CaGkusl nigsnSMkiels manraK; eTas; nigemah;Ca edIm

nigsnSMukñúgTIdéTmin:n

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tayti

va

tza

dUc

manraK;ehIycitþenaHk*snSMraK;enaHoeRcIn

eQµaHzacitþeRBaHrkSaTukvi:krbs´xøÜn.

KWkmµnig

kiels EdlsnSMehIyenaH rkSaTukvi:krbs´xøÜnmino:t´bg´sUnüeTAeT kalNa manOkas:nbc©&yehIy

CaedIm.

5-cienati

vi:kenaH>EtgnwgekIteLIg

GtþsnþanM

eQµaHzacitþ

dUcekIteLIgtamTVarEPñk

eRBaHsnSMsnþanénxøÜn.

KWzacitþenaHÉg

EtgsnSMesckIþlÁxøH esckIþGaRkk´xøH TukkñúgxnÆsnþanminosabsUnü eZIo V ekItCa TMlab´d*zñwkkñúgkarRbRBwtþrhUteTACanis&y ßCacritCab´kñúgsnþan.

6-vicitþarmµNniþ va eQµaHza citþ eRBaHGarmµN¾viciRtedayRbkarepSg> Kwza

citþenHCaZmµCatidwgGarmµN¾:nTaMgGs´TaMg6TVar rU:rmµN¾CaedIm.

Etdwg:nGarmµN¾mYy>

man

kñúgGdðkzabrmtæTIbnIdIka eBalza ? citþvicitþtay

sBa¦avicitþa

tNØavicitþtay

kmµanivicitþa

eyanivicitþtay

etsM tircäanKtanM

sBa¦avicitþtay kmµvicitþtay vicitþta ERbza

;

tNØavicitþa

eyanieyavicitþa evTitBVa.

sPaBEdlstVTaMgenaHviciRt

eRBaHkMeNItviciRt

kMeNItviciRt

eRBaHkmµviciRt kmµviciRt eRBaHtNØaviciRt tNØaviciRt eRBaHsBa¦aviciRt sBa¦aviciRt eRBaHcitþviciRt.

7

BaküzastVTaMgenaHviciRt

ekIteLIgkñúgelak

eRBaHkMeNItviciRtenaH

maneRcInRbePT

KWstVTaMgLayEdl

ehIyRbePTnImYy>

TaMgGs´enHrs´eRBaHkMeNItvicRi t KWsnÆwksnÆab´RbmaNmin:n. BaküzakMeNItviciRt

eRBaHkmµviciRtenaH

k*eRcInsnÆwksnÆab´

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eZIVkmµTukepSg>Kña xøHk*eZIVkusl xøHk*eZVIGkusl. BaküzakmµviciRt

kñúgstV

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mincg´oRBat´R:s

ßk*cg´edayRbkarNa>kIþ

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:n

suTÆEt

BaküzatNØaviciRt eRBaHsBa¦aviciRt enaHesckIþza sBa¦aKWkarcaM karsMKal´

maneRcInya¨g.

ya¨genHCaedIm.

eXIjmþgkarcaMk*ekIteLIgmþg

vtæúenaH>.

kalNacMNaM:nkñúgvtæúEdlÁ

BaküzasBa¦aviciRt

ekIteLIg

eRBaHcitþviciRtenaH

sBa¦amYydYgk*ekIteLIg.

»mþg

karcaMk*

tNØak*ekIt

esckIþza

citþekItmYyrydg

mYyrydg mYyBan´dg esµInwgcitþenaHEdr.

ekIteLIgmþg

esckIþeBjcitþkñúg

kalNacitþdYgmYy

mYyBan´dg

sBa¦ak*ekIt

cMENkcitþ 89dYg citþTaMgGs´man89dYg ‘RbePT’ edayBisþarman 121dYg. kalNaeBal

edaylk¡N; ‘KW GarmµNviCannlk¡N’M manRtwmEt1b¨ueNÑaH kalebIEckeday RbePTepSg> k*Eck:nedayn&ydéT>dUcenHKW ?

edayCati edayPUmi edayevTna edayehtu edaysg¡ar edaysm|eyaK; edayesaPN;

edayQan

edayelak;

edayvtæú nigedayviBa¦aNZatu7. 1-n&yedayCati Catiman4KW

edaykic©

edayGarmµN¾

edayTVar

kuslCati1 GkuslCati1 vi:kCati1 nigkiriyaCati1.

8

-kuslCati mancitþ21 ß 37dYg -GkuslCati mancitþ 12dYg -vi:kCati

-kiriyaCati

mancitþ 36dYg ß 52dYg

mancitþ 20dYg

rYmTaMgGs´ citþman 89-121dYg. 2-n&yedayPUmi

PUmi man4 KW kamPUmi1 rUbPUmi1 GrUbPUmi1 nigelakutþrPUmi1. -kamPUmi

mancitþ 54dYg

-GrUbPUmi

mancitþ 12dYg

-rUbPUmi

mancitþ 15dYg

-elakutþrPUmi mancitþ 8 ß 40dYg rYmTaMgGs´

man89 ß 121dYg

3-n&yedayevTna

evTnaman5KW suxevTna1 Tuk¡evTna1 esamnsSevTna1 eTamnsSevTna1

óebk¡aevTna1.

-suxevTna

mancitþ 1dYg

-esamnsSevTna

mancitþ 30 ß 62dYg

-óebk¡aevTna

mancitþ 55dYg

-Tuk¡evTna

-eTamnsSevTna

mancitþ 1dYg mancitþ 2dYg

rYmTaMgGs´man 89 ß 121dYg. 4-n&yedayehtu

citþ EckecjCa2RbePT ? Casehtuk;1 nigGehtuk;1.

citþEdlRbkbedayehtu6 ehAzasehtukcitþ man71 ß 103dYg.

citþEdlminRbkbedayehtu6eT ehAza Gehtukcitþ man18dYg.

9

rYmTaMgGs´man 89 ß 121dYg. 5-n&yedaysMx ar

citþKitedayRbePTénsMxar man2 KW GsMxarik1Ç nigssMxarik1. citþEdlekIteLIgedayminmansPavvtæúdwknaM mankmøaMgxøaMg ehAza GsMxarik

citþ man37dYg.

citþEdlekIteLIgedayGaRs&ymansPavvtæúdwknaM ehAza ssMxarikcitþ man

52 ß 84dYg.

rYmTaMgGs´man 89 ß 121 dYg. 6-n&yedaysm|eyaK

citþKitedayRbePTénsm|eyaK man2 KW sm|yutþ1 nigvib|yutþ1. citþEdlRbkbCamYynwgTidði eTas; óTÆc©; vicikicäa nigbBa¦a ehaza sm|yutþ

citþman 55 ß 87dYg.

citþEdlminRbkbCamYynwgTidði

vib|yutþcitþ man34dYg.

eTas;

óTÆc©;

vicikicäa

nigbBa¦a

ehAza

rYmTaMgGs´ man 89ß 121dYg. 7-n&yedayesaPN;

citþEdlRbkbCamYynwgesaPN;ectsik 25 ehAza esaPNcitþ man 59

ß 91dYg.

citþEdlminRbkbCamYynwgesaPNectsik25

30dYg.

ehAza

GesaPNcitþman

rYmTaMgGs´ man 89 ß 121dYg. 8-n&yedayQan

Qanman 2ya¨g KW GarmµNUbniCÄan1 :ndl´ smabtiþ8 niglk¡NUb

niCÄan1 :ndl´vibsSna mK<nigpl.

10

edayn&yénGarmµNUbniCÄan ? rU:vcrcitþ 15dYg GrU:vcrcitþ 12dYg rYmCa

27dYg ehAza Qancitþ. Gkuslcitþ12 Gehtukcitþ18 kamavcresaPNcitþ24 nigelakutþrcitþ8 rYmCa 62dYg ehAza GQancitþ.

kñúgviPavinIdIka elakeBalza citþ89 CacitþBisþar 121dYg ya´¨gNaenaHKW ? bfmCÄan

esatabtiþmK<citþ

1dYg

ttiyCÄan

esatabtiþmK<cit¡

1dYg

TutiyCÄan

esatabtiþmK<cit¡

ctutæCÄan

bBa©mCÄan

esatabtiþmK<cit¡ esatabtiþmK<cit¡

1dYg 1dYg 1dYg

skTaKamimK<citþ GnaKamimK<citþ GrhtþmK<citþ mK<nImYy>k*man 5dYgdUcKña

rYmCamK<citþTaMgGs´20dYg. elakutþrcitþ 40dYg.

plcitþk*mann&ydUcKña

man20dYg

rYmTaMgGs´Ca

rU:vcrcitþ kñúgRbePTénQan manbfmCÄanCaedImya¨gNa elakutþrcitþkñúg

RbePTénQan Qank*dUcKña.

manbfmCÄanCaedImk*ya¨genaHEdr

sUm|IGrUbQan

RBmTaMgkarRbkb

k*seRg<aHcUlenAkñúgbBa©mCÄan

ehIy QancitþkñúgQannImYy> eTIbmancMnYncitþ ?

edayGg<

eRBaHehtudUecñaH

bfmCÄancitþ 11dYg ‘KWrU:vcr3 elakutþrcitþ8’ TutiyCÄancitþ 11dYg ‘KWrU:vcrcitþ3 elakutþrcitþ8’ ttiyCÄancitþ 11dYg ‘KWrU:vcrcitþ3 elakutþrcitþ8’ ctutæCÄancitþ 11dYg ‘KWrU:vcrcitþ3 elakutþrcitþ8’

bBa©mCÄancitþ23dYg ‘KWrU:vcrcitþ3 GrU:vcrcitþ12 elakutþrcitþ8’ dUecñHcitþEdlCaQancitþ man67dYg edayn&yéncitþBisþar

;

rU:vcrcitþ15

GrU:vcrcitþ12

elakutþrcitþ40

rYmTaMgGs´Cacitþ67dYg ehAza Qancitþ. Gkuslcitþ12 Gehtukcitþ18 kamavcr esaPNcitþ24 rYmCa54citþ ehAza GQancitþ,. rYmTaMgGs´man 121dYg.

11

9-n&yedayelak;

citþKitedayRbePTénelak; man2 KW elakiycitþ1 nigelakutþrcitþ1. citþEdlminmanGarmµN¾CaRBHniBVanehAza elakiycitþ man81dYg.

citþNaEdlmanRBHniBVanCaGarmµN ¾ehAza elakutþrcitþ man 8 ß 40dYg.

rYmTaMgGs´man89 ß 121dYg. 10-n&yedaykic©

kic©rbs´citþman14kic© KW ? 1-bdisnÆikic©man19citþ

4-TsSnkic©man2citþ

2-Pvg<kic©man19citþ

5-svnkic©man2citþ

3-GavC¢nkic©man2citþ

6-Xaynkic©man2citþ

7-saynkic©

man2citþ 8-pusSnkic©man2citþ 9-sm|dicänñkic©man2citþ 10-snIþrNkic© man3citþ 11-evadðvnkic©man1citþ 14-cutikic©man19citþ.

12-Cvnkic©man55citþ

13-tTalm¬Nkic©

man11citþ

rYmTaMgGs´man 89dYg. 11-n&yedayGarmµN¾

GarmµN¾rbs´citþman6 KW rU:rmµN¾1 sTÞarmµN¾1 KnÆarmµN¾1 rsarmµN¾1

epadðBVarmµN¾1 nigZmµarmµN¾1.

rU:rmµN¾ dwgedaycitþ2dYg sTÞarmµN¾ dwgedaycitþ2dYg KnÆarmµN¾ dwgedaycitþ2dYg

rsarmµN¾ dwgedaycitþ2dYg

epadðBVarmµN¾ dwgedaycitþ2dYg

GarmµN¾TaMg5xagelIenH dwgedaycitþ 3dYg.

GarmµN¾TaMg6xagelIenH dwgedaycitþ 41dYg.

ZmµarmµN¾ dwgedaycitþ 35 ß 67 rYmTaMgGs´ man89 ß121dYg.

12

12-n&yedayTVar ‘pøÚvGarmµN¾’

TVarrbs´citman6 þ KW ck¡úTVar1 esatTVar1 XanTVar1 CivØaTVar1 kayTVar1 menaTVar1 citþ2dYg

GaRs&yekIttamEt ck¡úTVar

citþ2dYg

GaRs&yekIttamEt XanTVar

citþ2dYg

GaRs&yekIttamEt kayTVar

citþ2dYg

citþ2dYg

GaRs&yekIttamEt esatTVar

GaRs&yekIttamEt CivØaTVar

citþ26 ß58dYg

GaRs&yekIttamEt menaTVar

citþ3dYg

GaRs&yekIttam

citþ10dYg

GaRs&yekIttamTaMg6TVarxøH minGaRs&yxøH

citþ41dYg citþ9dYg

GaRs&yekIttam

bJ©TVar

TaMgTVar6

minGaRs&yTVarTaMg6

rYmTaMgGs´ man89 ß121dYg. 13-n&yedayvtæú

vtæú TIGaRs&yekItrbs´citþ man6 KW ck¡úvtæú

CaTIGaRs&yekItén

citþ2dYg

Xanvtæú

CaTIGaRs&yekItén

citþ2dYg

kayvtæú

CaTIGaRs&yekItén

citþ2dYg

esatvtæú CivØavtæú

hTyvtæú

CaTIGaRs&yekItén citþ2dYg

CaTIGaRs&yekItén

CaTIGaRs&yekItén

citþ2dYg

citþ75dYg

citþminGaRs&yelIvtæúesaHman 4dYg 14-n&yedayviBa¦aNZatu7 esatviBa¦aNZatu1

rYmTaMgGs´man 89 ß 121dYg.

viBa¦aNZatu7

XanviBa¦aNZatu1

menaZatu1 nigmenaviBa¦aNZatu1.

13

KW;

CIvØaviBa¦aNZatu1

ck¡úviBa¦aNZatu1

kayviBa¦aNZatu1

ck¡úviBa¦aNZatu

:ndl´ citþ2dYg

esatviBa¦aNZatu

:ndl´ citþ2dYg

CIvØaviBa¦aNZatu

:ndl´ citþ2dYg

menaZatu

:ndl´ citþ3dYg

XanviBa¦aNZatu

kayviBa¦aNZatu menaviBa¦aNZatu

:ndl´ citþ2dYg

:ndl´ citþ2dYg

:ndl´citþ 76dYg ß 108dYg.

rYmTaMgGs´man 89 ß 121dYg.

‘cb´viZIEckcitþ14’

14

citþbrmtæ89 briecäTTI1

Gkuslcitþ12

elaPmUl 8 eTasmUl 2 emahmUl 2 Gkuslvi:k 7

Kamvcrcitþ54

Gehtukcitþ18

kuslvi:k 8 kiriya 3

kamavcresaPN citþ24

kamavcrkusl 8 kamavcrvi:k 8 kamavcrkiriya 8

citþ 89 rU:vcrcitþ15 mhKtcitþ27

rU:vcrkusl 5 rU:vcrvi:k 5 rU:vcrkiriya 5

GrU:vcrcitþ12

GrU:vcrkusl 4 GrU:vcrvi:k 4 GrU:vcrkiriya 4

elakutþrcitþ8

elatutþrkusl 41 elakutþrvi:k 4

1

elakutþrkusl4 KW mK<citþ4 cMENkÉelakutþrvi:k4 KW plcitþ4

15

citþ4ya¨g ttæ citþM tav ctuBViZM ehati kamavcrM rU:vcrM GrU:vcrM elakutþreB©ati .

ERbza kñúgbNþaGtæénRBHGPiZmµ 4TaMgenaH lMdab´CadMbUg citþman4ya¨gKW ? k-kamavcrcitþ54

x-rU:vcrcitþ ‘rU:vcresaPNcitþ15’

K-GrU:vcrcitþ ‘GrU:vcresaPNcitþ12’ X-elakutþrcitþ ‘elakutþresaPNcitþ8’

bNþacitþ4ya¨genaH kamvcrcitþCaya¨gNa/

k- kamavcrcitþ 54 kamavcrcitþ ‘kam = Gvcr = citþ’

Baküza kam :ndl´kielskam nigvtæúkam. Baküza Gvcr; :ndl´karRtac´eTA.

Baküza citþ :ndl´ZmµCatiEdldwgGarmµN¾. :n

sPav; NaEtgjaMgcito þ RsLaj´ sPav;enaHeQµaHzakamKW; kielskam

dl´kamtNØa.

kamtNØaenaHEtgRtac´eTAkñúgcitþenHedayGMNac

karCab´CMBak´ eRBaHehtudUecñaH citþenaHeTIbeQµaHza kamavcr;. -sPav;Na

EdlcitþEtgRsLaj´

sPav;enaH

eQµaHzakam

eZIVoCa

KWvtæúkam

:ndl´ kamPB11 EdlRbRBwtþeTAnwgrUb sMelg køin rs epadðBV; CaGarmµN¾. citþEdleQµaHza kamavcr; eRBaHGtæza rEmgRtac´eTAkñúgkamPB11 enaH. Baküza kamavcrcitþ ß kamcitþenaH manesckIþeRcInn&y KW ?

1-sMedAdl´ citþEdlekItkñúgkamPUmi11 CacMENkeRcIn eRBaHPUmienHbribUN(

edayrUb sMelg køin rs epadðBV; CaPUmirbs´kambuK<l.

16

2-sMedAdl´

kielskamKW

citþGñkEdlCab´CMBak´kñúgkamarmµN¾

kamtNØaxøH

nigkñúgvtæúkam

KWrUb

ßk*sMedAdl´citþRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkamarmµN¾enaH>.

sMelg

køin

KWCab´CMBak´kñúg

rs

epadðBV;xøH

3-sMedAdl´ citþEdlTTYlGarmµN¾ KW rUb sMelg køin rs epadðBV; ‘KW rwg

Tn´ ekþA RtCak´ twg j&r’. eTaHCaekItenAkñúgPUmiNa>kIþ kalNamanrUb sMelg køin rs epadðBV; CaGarmµN¾ xN;enaHk*ehAzakamcitþ sUm|IRBHsmµasm¬úTÆCam©as´ k* mancitþEdr.

kñúgkamavcrcitþ 54dYgenaH EckecjCa 3RbePTKW ? 1-Gkuslcitþ

12dYg

3-kamavcresaPNcitþ

24dYg

2-Gehtukcitþ

18dYg

rYm;

54dYg Gkuslcitþ 12dYg

Gkuslcitþ CacitþEdlbdibk¡ nwgkusl CacitþminlÁsÁat GaRkk´eRKatRKat

CacitþEdlRbkbedayGkuslectsik Ca:bmaneTas oplCaTuk¡ man12dYgKW? elaPmUlcitþ eTasmUlcitþ emahmUlcitþ

8dYg

2dYg 2dYg

elaPmUlcitþ 8 1-esamnsSshKt

TidiK ð tsm|yutþ

GsMxarik

3-esamnsSshKt

TidðK i tvib|yutþ

GsMxarik

TidiðKtsm|yutþ

GsMxarik

2-esamnsSshKt 4-esamnsSshKt 5-óebk¡ashKt

TidðK i tsm|yutþ TidðK i tvib|yutþ

17

ssMxarik

ssMxarik

6-óebk¡ashKt

TidðiKtsm|yutþ

8-óebk¡ashKt

TidiðKtvib|yutþ

7-óebk¡ashKt

ssMxarik

TidiðKtvib|yutþ

GsMxarik

ssMxarik

elaPshKtcitþ ERbza citþekItRBmCamYyesckIþelaPenHehAza elaPmUl

citþxøH elaPcitþxøH manesckIþdUcEtKña KWCacitþEdlekIteLIg eRBaHelaP;Caehtu. KW CacitþEdleBjcitþ elaPmUlcitþ

RtUvkar

cg´:n

eTaHmanRtwmEtbniþcbnþÜck*eday

CaehtuoekItesckIþekþARkhay

CaeRK}gXMuXaMgd*maM

k*ehAza

nigCaP&y

xagkñúg eZIVicitþoggwtQwg. smdUcRBHGg<Rtas´za ‘kñúgxuTÞknikay mhanieTÞs’ ; ²elaP;EtgjaMugvtæúEdlminCaRbeyaCn¾

oekIteLIg

elaP;EtgjaMug

citþokMerIk elaP;CaP&yekIteLIgxagkñúg CnBalEtgmindwg mins<al´nUvP&yenaH. buK<lelµaPEdlmins<al´nUvRbeyaCn¾ Edlmin:neXIjnUvZm( kalNaelaP;RKb sg,t´ kaleNaHeKk*rEmggwtQwg³.

Baküza esamnsSshKt ERbza ekItRBmedayesamnsSevTna KwsPaB

eBjcitþrIkray. Baküza

nigóecäTTidði1.

TidðiKtsm|yutþ

ERbza

RbkbedaymicäaTidði

KWssStTidið1

ssStTidði esckIþyl´xusza stVsøab´ehIyekIteT[t. óecäTTidið esckIþyl´xusza stVsøab´ehIysUnüminekIteT[t.

Baküza GsMxarik ERbza minmankardwknaMoekIteLIg edaykay ßedayvaca

KWW mankmøaMgekø{køaedayxøÜnÉg. Baküza

ssMxarik

ßedayvaca KWmankmøaMgexSay.

ERbza

mankardwknaMoekItmaneLIgedaykay

Baküza TidðiKtvib|yutþ ERbza minRbkbedaymicäaTidði KWR:scakTidðiTaMg2 .

Baküza óebk¡ashKt ERbza ekItRBmedayóebk¡aevTna KWsPaBCakNþal

RBegIy>.

18

-esamnsSshKtTidðiKtsm|yutþ

esamnusS RbkbedayTidði minmankardwknaM. -óebk¡ashKtTidðiKtvib|yutþ

minRbkbedayTidði mankardwknaM.

GsMxarik

ssMxarik

ERbza

ERbza

citþekItRBmeday

citþekItRBmedayóebk¡a

-kñúgviPavinI :nGZib|aynUvelaPmUlcitþenHTukza ?

-eBlNa buK<leZIVmicäaTidðiCaxagedImza eTaskñúgkamTaMgLayminman ehIy

sb|ayeRtkGrrIkray

briePaKkamkIþ

edaycitþxøÜnÉgd*mankmøaMg

manCMen]kñúgTidðimg<lCaedIm

minmanGñkNabg¡MßCMruj

eBlenaH

zaCasar;kIþ

elaPmUlcitþTI1

EtgekIteLIg. b¨uEnþebIedaycitþkMlaMgexSay edaymanGñkCYybg¡MßCMruj eBlenaH elaPmUlcitþTI2 EtgekIteLIg.

-eBlNa buK<lmineZIVnUvmcäaTidðiCaxagedImeT sb|ayrIkrayeRtkGrEtmþg

:nesBemzunxøH

ßKitcg´:nsm|tiþGñkdéTxøH

xøÜnÉgtamsPav;Etmüa¨g

EtgekIteLIg.

ßlYcxøH

minmanGñkNabg¡MßCMruj

b¨uEnþebIedaycitþkMlaMgexSay

eBlenaH

edaycitþkMlaMgxøaMg

elaPmUlcitþTI3

minmankMlaMgxøaMgmanGñkCYybg¡M

ßCMruj eBlenaH elaPmUlcitþdYgTI4 EtgekIteLIg.

-elaPmUlcitþdYgTI5 dUcdYgTI1. dYgTI6 dUcdYg2. dYgTI7 dUcdYgTI3. dYgTI8

dUcdYgTI4 b¨ueNÑaH.

-eBlNa

xusKñaRtwmEtbTmYyKW

dYgTI5-6-7-8

buK<lR:scakesamnsSevTna

CacitþRBmedayóebk¡aevTna

edayGaRs&yminsMbUrnUv

kamTaMgLay kIþ ßedayminmanehtuoekItesamnsSkIþ eBlenaH elaPmUlcitþ 4dYgEdlshKt edayóebk¡aEtgekIteLIg

luBÖtIti elaePa eQµaHza elaP; eRBaHGtæza cg´:n. lk¡NaTictuk;rbs´elaP;

1-GarmµNKhNlk¡eNa elaP;mankarRbkan´nUvGarmµN¾ Calk¡N;

19

2-GPisg<resa mankarCab´lÁitnUvGarmµN¾Cakic©

3-GbricaKbc©úb|dðaena mankarminlHbg´eTACaGakarR:kd

4-sMeyaCnIyZemµsu GsSaTsSnbTdðaena mankareXIjedaykareBjcitþ

nUvZm(TaMgLay EdlCaTItaMgrbs´sMeyaCn; CabTdðan. *elaPmUlcitþenH

CabrmtæZm(

kalebImanehtubc©&yk*ekIteLIg eLIgman4Rbkar.

minenAkñúgkarbg<ab´bBa¢aénnrNaeLIy

ekItehIyekIteT[t

ehtuEdleZIo V ekIt

ehtuoekItelaPmUlcitþ man4Rbkar

1-elaPbrivarkmµbdisnÆikta bdisnÆiedaykmµ EdlmanelaP;Cabrivar.

-buK,<lxøHbdisnÆikñúgsuKtiPUmi edaykareZIVkuslNamYy mankaroTan rkSa

sIlCaedImedayGMNacénelaP; GayuEvgCaedIm

cg´:nrUbsÁat

minEmneZIVedIm|Idusxat´kiels

eBjcitþo:neRcIn>

ya¨genHehAza

cg´:nRTBüeRcIn

cg´man

KitEtBIEsVgrkcg´:n

vtæúEdl

manelaP;Cabrivar

manTaMgxageRkay k*Cabc©&yoekItelaP;kñúgPBzµIeT[t.

manTaMgxagmux

2-elaPósSnñPvetacvnta cuticakBIPBEdleRcIn ßRkas´eTAedayelaP;. -mansYK(CaedIm

snþanCaraKcrit

kalmkekItkñúgCatizµIenH

eZIVoRsLaj´EtsÁat

oekItelaP;CaGEgVgteTA.

EtlÁkñúgrUb

elaP;k*Cab´tammkCanis&y sMeLgCaedIm

k*Caehtu

3-«dðarmµNsmaeyaeKa RbkbßRbsBVnigGarmµN¾ KWvtæúEdlKYrCab´citþ KYr

R:zñakñúgCatiEdlxøÜnekItenH

ebICYbRbsBVnwgGarmµN¾minlÁ

mineBjcitþ

eTas;k*

ekIteLIg EtebICYbRbsBVnwgGarmµN¾KW rUb sMelg køin rs epadðBV; EdllÁCa

TIR:zñaehIy

elaP;k*:nOkasekIteLIg

minecHEqÁt minecHeBjedaykam.

cg´:nGarmµN*enaHoRbNItEzmeT[t

4-GsSaTTsSnM eXIjvtæúEdleBjcitþ ßsb|aycitþ.

20

-eBleXIjvtæúEdleBjcitþ

ß»sMelgEdlsb|aycitþ

rbs´CaedIm k*mancitþcg´:neTA elaP;k*ekIteLIg. -müa¨geT[t

sUm|IelaPesamnsS

brmtæZm(TaMgBYgmanehtuCaEdnekIt.

dUcGñkEdlTij

k*manehtuoekIteLIgEdr

eRBaH

ehtuoekItelaPesamnsSman 4Rbkar

1-esamnsSbdisnÆikta PaBCaGñkbdisnÆi edayesamnsS. -ZmµtabuK,<lEdlbdisnÆicitþekItRBmnwgesamnsSevTna

GarmµN¾minlÁ

eBjcitþ

k*minsUvCaTuk¡ekþAeralralEdr

esamnsS

kalebIRbsBVnwg

EtebI:nTTYlGarmµN¾EdllÁ

sb|aycitþrIkray

eRtkRtGalk*rEmgekIteLIg

edayehtuenHehIy bdisnÆiedayesamnsS eTIbCaehtuoekItesamnsS. 2-GKmIÖrbktita PaBCaGñkmanRbRktIminsuxum.

-KWCabuK<lEdlminmanesckIþsuxCaRbRktI

nigesamnsS

eBlelaPmUlcitþekItRBm

k*rEmg>ekItesckIþsb|ayeRtkRtGal

enaH>. ya¨genHÉg PaBCabuK<lminsuxumCaRbRkI eTIbCaehtu

rIkrayeLIgeTAnwger]g

oesamnsSekIt.

3-«dðarmµNsmaeyaeKa Rbkbnwg«dðarmµN¾.

-KWRbsBVEtnwgrbs´EhrhmeTAedayesckIþeBjcitþ

eTIbCa ehtuoesamnsSekIt. 4-Büsnvimutþi

putcakesckIþvinas5

KWza;

vinasNamYyehIy k*CaehtuoekItesamnsSevTna.

1- jatiBüsn; 2- ePaKBüsn;

Büsn; ‘esckþIvinas’ 5

esckþIvinaseRJHjati

esckþIvinaseRJHePaK

21

eRtkRtGalCanic© kalebIputcakBIesckIþ

3- eraKBüsn;

esckþIvinaseRJHeraK

5- TidðiBüsn;

esckþIvinaseRJHTidði

4- sIlBüsn;

esckþIvinaseRJHsIl

kalebIesckþIvinaskþþI

esckþþIhinehackþþI

esamnsSevTnaenaH EtgekItedaylM:kNas´.

ekItBIBüsn;TaMgenHehIy

ehtuoekItóebk¡aman 4Rbkar

1-óebk¡abdisnÆikta bdisnÆiedayóebk¡a.

-ZmµtaGñkEdlbdisnÆiedayóebk¡aevTnaenaH EtgCabuK<lRbegIy> sUm|Idl´

:nTTYlGarmµN¾lÁ

eBjcitþkIþ

k*eKEtgEteBjcitþCakNþal>

mindl´zñak´

eRtkRtGal sb|ayrIkrayxøaMg.

2-KmÖIrbktita CaGñkmanRbRktIsuxum.

-KWza manesckIþsuxumRCaleRCA minRbzuyRbzan mingaysb|aycitþ min

gayGn´citþecHrMgab´GarmµN¾:n

GaceZVIcito þ CakNþalRBegIy

eRBaHCaGñksnSM

GarmµN¾ya¨genaHmkBicarNaGarmµN¾:nya¨gRtwmRtUvkñúgehtupledaysuxum. dUecñaHehIybuK<l

oóebk¡aekIt.

CaGñkmancitþsuxum

manGarmµN¾CakNþal

3-mCÄtþtarmµNsmaeyaeKa RbkbGarmµN¾EdlCakNþal. -KWza

eZIVocitþRbsBVGarmµN¾smlµmRbmaN

eTIbCaehtuoóebk¡aekIt.

4-Büsnvimutiþ putcakBIesckIþvinas. -eRBaHBüsnZm( EtgeZIVocitþekItnUveTamnsSevTna. ehtuoekItTidðiKtsm|yutþman 5Rbkar

1-TidðCÄasyta mankaryl´xusCaGZüaRs&y

22

eTIbCaehtu

mindl´esanmsS

2-Tidðvib|nñbuK<lesvnta esBKb´nwgbuK<lEdlyl´xus 3-sTÆmµvimuxta EbrmuxecjBIRBHsTÆmµ KW

4-micäavitk,Bhulta CaGñkeRcIneTAedaymicäavitk,

5-Geyaniesa ómµúC¢nM minBicarNaedayó:yedayénR:C\a

*Baküza TidðCÄasyta KW Tidið=GCÄasy=ta :nesckIþza elaPmUlcitþ

EdlRbkbnwgkaryl´xus

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BIehtuBIpl

*Baküza Tidðivib|nñbuK<lesvnta KW Tidði=vib|nñ=buK<l=esvnta :nesckIþza

karesBKb´nwgbuK<lEdlmanvibtiþeRBaHyl´xus k*eZIo V mankayl´xuseTAEdr eRBaH buK<lRbePTenaHEtgdwknaMoeTAtamkaryl´eXIjrbs´xøÜn.

TidiðEdlmaneTaseRcIn eTasZán´man3 ‘kñúgmCÄimnikay mCÄimbNÑask’ KW?

1-GkiriyTidið

kareZIVlÁ

eXIjyl´zaminCakareZIV

kareZIVGaRkk´TaMgGs´.

eZIVenaH>Edr

zaminmaneTA.

kalbdiesZkareZIVehIy

2-GehtukTidið

esckIþTuk¡

k*rEmgCakarbdiesZplrbs´kmµenaH

kmµminman

‘rbs´RKUmk¡lieKasal’

plénkmµminman

GI> V TaMgGs´EdlekIteLIgkñúgCIvitrbs´mnusSenaH

esckIþbrisuTÆ

KWbdiesZ

sUm|IviBa¦aNGñkenaHÉgk*minTTYldwg»kar

yl´zaGIV>TaMgGs´minmanehtu

KWbdiesZplEdlekItBIkareZIV minman

eKza

‘rbs´RKUburNksSb;’

KWekItmkedayÉkÉg

esckIþBüayam

minzaesckIþsux

edayminmanehtubc©&y

mincaM

:c´GaRs&yehtuCabc©&y KWGIV>TaMgGs´ekItedayÉkÉgehIyrlt´k¾edayÉkÉg. 3-ntæikTidði

yl´zabuNüminman

KWbdiesZTaMgehtuTaMgpl

KWyl´za

:bminman

:bbuNü

‘rbs´RKUGCitekskm¬l;’

kareZIVplénkareZIVnigelak

xagmuxminman. stVTaMgLayGs´ cb´TIbMputRtg´Rtwmkarsøab´ dUcKñanwgóecäTTidið.

karyl´xusTaMg3enH ehAza niytmicäaTidið Cakaryl´sMyugcuHlM:knwgEk

éx:n Cakaryl´EdlmaneTasZán´bMputkñúgeTaséncMENkGkusl.

23

*Baküza sTÆmµvimuxta KWsTÆmµ=vi=muxta. vimuxta

BaküzasTÆmµenH zaBuTÆsasna

ERbza

ERbza

EbrßeKcmuxecj

ßehAza

Zm(rbs´sb|úrs RBHZmµvin&y

RBHsTÆmµenaHman3 KW briytiþsTÆmµ1 viPg<

eBalnUvsTÆmµ10

KW

mK<4

:nesckIþza

ßrbs´Gñksáb´.

minsikSaRBHsTÆmµ. sTÆmµenH

eRkaymkeT[tehAza

TIxøHehA

RBHéRtbidk.

bdibtiþsTÆmµ1 nigbdievZsTÆmµ1. kñúgGPiZmµ

pl4

niBVan1

nigbriytiþZm(1.

minsikSanUvRBHsTÆmµeT k*minGaclHkaryl´xus:neLIy.

kalNa

*Baküza micäavitk,Bhulta KWmicäa=vitk,=Bhulta. micäa × xus

vitk,; × RtiHriH nwk Kit

Bhulta × PaBCaGñkeRcIn :nesckIþza CaGñkRtiHriHnwkKitEtkñúgpøÚvEdlxus

edaysPaBCaGñkminQøas ehAzamicäavitk,; ßGkuslvitk,; man3 KW ?

1-kamvitk,; Rti;ri;nwkKitEtrUb sMelg køin rs epadðBV; NaEdlCaTIR:zña

CaTIRsLaj´ CaTIeBjcitþ.

2-Büa:Tviktk,; karRti;ri;nwkKitedayGMNackarBüa:T dUcGñkxøHxwgehIy

k*cgkMhwgenaHTuk edayGMNackarcgeB[revra. 3-vihwgSavitk,;

karRti;ri;nwkKitedayGMNackarmincUlcitþ

vinasedaykarekþARkhayNamYy.

kalbuK<lCaGñkeRcIneTAedaymicäavitk,;

sm|yutþekIt.

ya¨genHehIy

*Baküza GeyaniesaómµúC¢nM KW G=eyaniesa=ómµúC¢nM.

G

×

min

eyaniesa

×

edayó:yénR:C\a

ómµúC¢nM

cg´oGñkdéT

k*CaehtuoTidiðKt

×

karelceLIg

KWkarBicarNa :nesckIþza CaGñkminBicarNaedayRtUvTMng KW kalNaRbsb´ nwgGarmµN¾NaehIy

k*minBicarNaGarmµN¾enaH>

ya¨genHk*EtgeZIVo ekItkaryl´xus.

24

oRtwmRtUvtamesckIþBit

ehtuoekItTidiðKtvib|yutþman 5Rbkar

1-GTidiðCÄasyta

CaGñkminmankaryl´xus CaGZüaRs&y

3-sTÆmµsmµúxata

CaGñkb¨gsMedAcMeBaHRBHsTÆmµ

5-eyaniesaómµúC¢nM

karBicarNaedayó:yénR:C\a

2-Tidiðvib|nñbuK<lGesvnta CaGñkminesBKb´ nigbuK<lEdlvibtiþeRBaHTidið 4-micäavitk,Bhulta

CaGñkmincMNUledaymicäavitk,;

ehtuoekItTidiðKtvib|yutþ5enH

CaZm(pÞúynwgehtuoekItTidiðKtsm|yutþ

dUecñaHbNÐitKb|IeRb{beZ{b nwgn&yEdl:neBalehIyenaHcuH. ehtuoekItGsMxarik; man6Rbkar

1-Gsg¡arikkmµCnitbdisnÆikta CaGñkmanbdisnÆi edaykmµEdlCaGsMxarik; 2-kløkaycitþta

CaGñkEdlmankaynwgcitþrwgmaM

3-xnþiBhulta

CaGñkeRcIneTAedaykarGt´Zn´

5-kemµsuciNÑvsita

CaGñkCMnajkñúgkargarTaMgLay

4-ktþBVkemµsuTidðanisMsta CaGñkeXIjnUvRbeyaCn¾ kñúgkargarEdlKb|IeZIV 6-ótuePaCnaTisb|aylaePa mankarsb|aycitþkñúgótunigePaCnCaedIm

*Baküza Gsg¡arikkmµCnitbdisnÆikta KWGsg¡arik=kmµ=Cnit=bdisnÆikta Gsg¡arik; × minmanGñkNadwknaM

kmµ × GMeBI Cnit × :nekItehIy

bdisnÆikta × PaBCaGñkmanbdisnÆi

:nesckIþza

CaGsg¡arik

bdisnÆicitþCaplrbs´kmµEdlCaGsg¡arik

CaCnkkmµ

k*eZIo V bdisnÆicitþ

CaGsg¡arik;.

kalebIkmµEdl GñkEdlbdisnÆi

edaykmµenaH k*rEmgminxøaceZIVGIVtamEtxøÜnmñak´Ég minRtUvkarCYydwknaMBIGñkdéT. *Baküza; kløkaycitþta KW klø=kay=citþ=ta. klø × Gac rwgmaM Qøas

25

:nesckIþza sPaBcitþnigkayrbs´buK<lenaHmanGMNackñúgxøÜn h)ansMerc

h)aneZIVedayxøÜnÉg

minRtUvkarGaRs&ytat´Etg

dwknaMBIGñkdéT

GñkNa:nRsYl>eLIy.

mingayeTAtam

*Baküza xniþBhulta KW xniþ=Bhul=ta xniþ×karGt´Zn´ Bhul×maneRcIn

:nesckIþza CaGñkmankarGt´Zn´ vtæúEdlCaswksRtUvnwgcitþxøÜn

Gt´Zn´cMeBaHkarlM:kmkeRcIn>

Büayam Zn´cMeBaHPaBrga PaBekþA Zn´cMeBaH

rhUtekItCaTMlab´Zøab´.

eRBaHkarTMlab´Zøab´

nigqøgóbsK<mkeRcIn>enH

dl´CYbRbTHnwgkar

xusq<g k*BüayamEkéx minrazy minTMlab´RtUvkardwknaMBIGñkdéT. ktþBVkemµsu

*Baküza ktþBV×

Kb|IeZIV

:nesckIþza

TidðanisMsta

kemµsu×kñúgkargarTaMgLay

KW

ktþBV=kemµsu=Tidið=GanisMs=ta

citþrbs´eK:neXIjplBIkargar

BIkarRbRBwtþrYcehIy

GanisMs×GanisgS

kaleXIjya¨genaHehIy

RbeyaCn¾

KWeXIjRbeyaCn¾EdlsMerc k*rEmgh)aneZIVedayxøÜnÉg

edayminGaRs&y BIGñkdéTdwknaM.

*Baküza kemµsu ciNÑvsita KW kemµsu = ciNÑ = vsi = ta

ciNÑ × EdlxøÜn:nRbRBwtþehIy

vsi × mankarCMnaj

:nesckþIza CaGñkZøab´:neZVIkargarenaH>mkehIy rYck*manCMnaj. GaRs&ykar Zøab´eZVInigmanCMnajenaH eTIbCaehtuoekIt Gsg¡arik;.

*Jküza ótuePaCanaTisb|aylaePa KW ótu=ePaCn=GaTi=sb|ay=laePa.

ótu × rdUv Gakas :nesckþIza suxsb|ay

ePaCn × Gahar

GaTi × CaedIm

:nTTYlnUvrdUvKWGakaslÁ

KWmanGnam&ylÁ

eraKP&yeb[teb[n

edaycitþEdlCaGsMxarik;.

Gaharsmrmü

R:scakeraKP&y.

citk*sb|ayrIkray

rwgbwug

26

laePa × kar:n

minTn´TMrn´

k*mankarRsYl

kalragkayminman

GaceZVIkic©karGV> I :n

ehtuoekItssg¡arik; man6Rbkar

1- ssg¡arikkmµCnitbdisnÆikta bdisnÆiedaykmµEdlCassg¡arik. 2- Gkløkaycitþta

CaGñkminmankaynigcitþrwgbuwg

3- GxnþþiBhulta

CaGñkeRcIneTAedaykarminGt´Zn´

5- kemµsu GciNÑvsita

CaGñkminCMnaj minQøaskargarTaMgT|ay

4- GktþBVkemµsuTidðanisMsta

minZøab´eXIjnUvRbeyaCn¾ kñúgkargarEdleZVI

6- ótuePaCnaTi Gsb|aylaePa minmanesckþIsuxsb|aykñúgótu CaedIm

ehtuoekItssg¡arik6enH

dUecñHbNÐitKb|IeRb[beZ[bpgcuH.

1- edayCati

manesckþIxøwmsarpÞúynwgehtuoekItGsg¡arik6

cMENkelaPmUlcitþ8 edayn&yepSg>

2- edayPUmi

3- edayevTna

4- edayehtu

5- edaysg¡ar

emahmUlcitþ8

CaCatiGkusl

elaPmUlcitþ8

CakamavcrPUmi ‘ekIt:n30PUmi’

elaPmUlcitþ8

Canehtu nigCaTViehtukcitþ

elaPmUlcitþ8 elaPmUlcitþ8

6- edaysm|yutþ elaPmUlcitþ8

CaesamnsS4 Caóebk¡a4 CaGsg¡arik4 ssg¡arik4

Casm|yutþ4 vib|yutþ4

7- edayesaPN; elaPmUlcitþ8

CaGesaPNcitþ

9-edayelakiy;

elaPmUlcitþ8

Caelakiycitþ

11-edayGarmµN¾

elaPmUlcitþ8

CacitþmanGarmµN¾ 6

13-edayvtæú

elaPmUlcitþ8

CacitþekItRtg´hTyvtæú

8- edayQan

10-edaykic©

12-edayTVar

nigePaCn

elaPmUlcitþ8 elaPmUlcitþ8 elaPmUlcitþ8

27

CaGQan CaCvnkic©

CacitþekIt:n6TVar

‘kñúgPUmiEdlmanxnÆ5’

14-edayviBa¦aNZatu elaPmUlcitþ8

CamenaviBa¦aNZatu

plrbs´elaPmUlcitþ

*plénelaPmUlcitþ EdlR:kdkñúgbc©úb|nñ RBHGg<Rtas´za; ²rEmgekIt

TurÖikSGnþrayepSg> dl´mhaCnRbmaNmin:n kalNasnþanén mnusSRkas´ eTAedayelaP;³.

za;

*cMENkplrbs´elaPmUlcitþ EdlnwgR:kdkñúgGnaKtkalenaH Rtas´Tuk ²stVTaMgLayedayeRcInEtgeTAkan´ebtþvis&yKWkMeNItERbt

‘elaPmUlcitþ’ Caehtu³.

eRBaHtNØa

‘cb´elaPmUlcitþ8dYg’ eTasmUlcitþ2dYg

1-eTamnsSshKt bdiXsm|yutþ Gsg¡arik

2-eTamnsSshKt bdiXsm|yutþ ssg¡arik

eTasmUlcitþ ßehAza bdiXsm|yutþcitþ ßehAza bdiXcitþ CacitþekIteLIg

eRBaHmaneTas;Caehtu.

esckIþminR:zñakñúgGarmµN¾epSg>enaH

EtgekIteLIg

eRBaHeTas;ßmaneTas;CaedImehtu. eTas;CaGkuslectsiktak´Etgcitþ oekIt esckIþeRkaZ

esckIþsÁb´ex¬Im

esckIþxøac

rMxancitþCaedIm eRBaHeTas;CasPav;eRKatRKat. Baküza

eTamnsSshKt

KWsPaBén citþGaRkk´ ß PaBlM:kcitþ.

ERbza

esckIþGn´citþ

esckIþRBYy:rmÖ

citþekItRBmedayeTamnsSevTna

Baküza bdiXsm|yutþ ERbza RbkbedaybdiX; KWzñaMgzñak´GarmµN¾. -eTamnsSshKt

bdiXsm|yutþ

Gsg¡arik

ERbza

edayeTamnsS RbkbedaybdiX; esckIþzñaMgzñak´ minmankardwknaM.

28

citþekItRBm

*eTasmUlcitþenH

ectsikenaHeRKatRKat

s&BÞEdlCaeQµaHéneTas;

manlk¡N;pÞúyBIelaPmUlcitþ

mincUlcitþ maneRcIn

mineBjcitþ

dUcBaküza;

eRBaHsPaBéneTas

manlk¡N;RbTUsþkac

GaXaeta

bdihaeta × xwg bdiXM × zñaMg zñak´ bdiveraeZa × KMuKYnCaedIm.

1-cNÐiklk¡Na

×

GaXatKWeRkaZ

lk¡NaTictuk;éneTas;

mankarkacsahavCalk¡N;

2-nisSyThnresa

mankarduteralnUvsm|yutþZm(Cakic©

4-GaXatvtæúbTdðaena

manGaXatvtæú CabTdðan

3-TusSnbc©úbdðaena

mankarRbTUsþrayCaGaharR:kd

GaXatvtæú10Rbkar 1-GaXateKedayKitza :nZøab´eZIVesckIþvinasdl´eyIg 2-GaXateKedayKitza kMBugeZIVnUvesckIþvinasdl´eyIg 3-GaXateKedayKitza nwgeZIVnUvesckIþvinasdl´eyIg

4-GaXateKedayKitza Zøab´:neZIVnUvesckIþvinasdl´GñkEdleyIgRsLaj´ 5-GaXateKedayKitza kMBugeZIVnUvesckIþvinasdl´GñkEdleyIgRsLaj´ 6-GaXateKedayKitza nwgeZIVnUvesckIþvinasdl´GñkEdleyIgRsLaj´ 7-GaXateKedayKitza Zøab´:neZIVnUvRbeyaCn¾odl´GñkEdleyIgsÁb´ 8-GaXateKedayKitza kMBugeZIVnUvRbeyaCn¾dl´GñkEdleyIgsÁb´ 9-GaXateKedayKitza nwgeZIVnUvRbeyaCn¾dl´GñkEdleyIgsÁb´

10-GaXatkñúgfan; EdlminsmKYr dUcCaxN;EdledIrCMBb´ ßCan´

ePøIg CaedIm.

29

1-eTasCÄasyta

ehtuoekIteTasmUlcitþ man4Rbkar

manGZüaRs&yCaGñkcgnUvesckIþeRkaZTuk

2-GKmÖIrbktita

manesckIþminsuxumCaRbRktI

3-Gb|sutta

mankarsþab´nUvRBHsTÆmµtictYc

4-GnidðarmµNsmaeyaeKa RbkbnwgGarmµN¾EdlminlÁKab´citþ Baküza

eTasCÄasyta

mannisS&yxageRkaZ

KWeTas=GCÄasy=ta

rh&seRkaZ

manesckIþza

CaGñk

eRBaHmkBIsnSMTkueRcInrhUtCab´kñúgsnþan.

xN;eTas;ekIteLIg mþgNak¾eday eTamnsSevTnak¾ekIteLIgEdr. eRBaHdUecñaHÉg eTIbelakeBalza eTas; CaP&yd¾xøaMgkøa maneTaseRcIn Etrh&srMsayCagelaP; eBlekIteLIgeZIVocitþxwg Büa:T mineBjcitþ hYgEhg kgVl´ GpSúk :k´Twkcitþ

xøac minRtUvkaroGñk déTmanesckIþsuxcMerIneLIy. Baküza GKmÖIrbktita KW G=KmÖIr=bkti=ta

manesckIþza eqvqav

eBleTasmUlcitþekIteLIg

citþdYgenHminmanesckIþsuxumeT

EtgjúaMgsPav;EdlminCaRbeyaCn¾

minodwgGtænigZm(tamesckIþBiteT. Baküza

manesckIþza

Zm(NaCaeTas

Gb|sutta

KW

Gb|=sut=ta

oekIteLIgCanIvrN;raraMgcitþ

Gb|

GñkEdlsikSaer[nsURtRBHsTÆmµtictYc Zm(NamanRbeyaCn¾

×

tic

sut

×

Gñksþab´

EtgmindwgZm(NaCaKuN

Zm(NaKYrcMerIn

ehtuoeTas;ekIteLIg.

CaGñk

kalmindwgehIyk¾Ca

Baküza GnidðarmµNsmaeyaeKa KW Gnidð = GarmµN¾ = smaeyaeKa.

Gnidð× minnaMmkCaTIR:zña manesckIþza eBlEdlCYbRbTHnwgrUbsMelg køin rs nwgepadðBV; EdlminnaMmkCaTIR:zña k*ekIteTamnsSeTasmUlcitþ. Zm(EdlCaehtulHeTas;6KW

1-emtþanimitþsS óK<eha

karer[nnUvemtþanimitþ

30

2-emtþaPavnanueyaeKa

karbMeBjBüayamemtþaPavna

4-bdisg¡anBhulIkta

PaBCaGñkeRcIneTAedaykarBicarNa

3-kmµsSktabc©evk¡Na 5-klüaNmitþta 6-sb|aykta

mC¿imnikay mUlbNÑask’.

1-edayCati 2-edayPUmi

karBicarNazastV mankmµCarbs´xøÜn PaBCaGñkmanklüaNmitþ

snÞnaer}gEdlCasb|ay

‘bbBa©sUTnIGdðkza

cMENkeTasmUlcitþ2 edayn&yepSg> eTasmUlcitþ2 eTasmUlcitþ2

CaGkuslCati CakamavcrPUmi

‘ekIt:nkñúgPUmi11’

3-edayevTna

eTasmUlcitþ2

CaeTamnsSevTna

4-edayehtu

eTasmUlcitþ2

Canehtu nigCaTiVehtukcitþ

5-edaysg¡ar

eTasmUlcitþ2

CaGsg¡arik1 ssg¡arik1

7-edayesaPN;

eTasmUlcitþ2

CaGesaPN;

6-edaysm|yutþ

eTasmUlcitþ2

CabdiXsm|yutþ

8-edayQan

eTasmUlcitþ2

CaGkuslQan

9-edayelakiy

eTasmUlcitþ2

Caelakiycitþ

11-edayGarmµN¾

eTasmUlcitþ2

manGarmµN¾TaMg6

13-edayvtæú

eTasmUlcitþ2

10-edaykic©

12-edayTVar

eTasmUlcitþ2 eTasmUlcitþ2

14-edayviBa¦aNZatu eTasmUlcitþ2

31

CaCvnkic©

CacitþekItkñúgTVar:n6

CacitþekItRtg´hTyvtæú

CamenaviBa¦aNZatu

plrbs´eTasmUlcitþ

sm&yNa mnusSmancitþsnþanGaRkk´eRcIn eTAedayeTas; sm&yenaHEtgekIt stænþray ‘GnþrayEdlekItBIkareb[teb[nKña edaysaRsþavuZ’ epSg> CaehtuoekIt cm|aMgraMgCl´Kña.

kñúgGnaKtkal eRBaHeTas;Caehtu stVTaMgLayeTIbeTAkan´nrk dUcCaeTas; eRBaHsPaBéneTascitþenaH CaCatikacsahav.

‘cb´eTasmUlcitþ 2dYg’

1-óebk¡ashKt 2-óebk¡ashKt

emahmUlcitþ 2dYg

vicikicäasm|yutþ óTÆc©sm|yutþ

emahmUlcitþ CacitþEdlmanemah; Caehtu Cacitþmindwg vegVg lág´exøA min

dwgtamesckIþBit.

vicikicäa CaZmµCatiEdlCaehtuosMerc sPav;lM:k CaZm(xitxaMgnUvbBa¦a.

citþ EdlRbkbnwgvicikicäa eQµaHza vicikicäa sm|yutþcitþ. óTÆc©;

CaPav;éncitþEdlrevIyrvay.

óTÆc©sm|yutþcitþ.

citþEdlRbkbnwgóTÆc©;

óTÆc©;CaGkuslectsikekItTUeTAkñúgGkuslcitþ

kñúgsm|yutþZm( kñúgemahmUlcitþdYgTI2 KWCaóTÆc©nIvrN;. GkuslemahmUlcitþTaMg2enH

eRkaZkñúgGarmµN¾TaMgBYg

b¨uEnþCaRbZan

ev[rcaknUvkarcMNg´eRtkRtGalnigkarxwg

eRBaHCaPaBéncitþvegVglág´exøAya¨géRkElg

eRBaHRbkbnwgvicikicäanigóTÆc©;EdlRbRBwtþCamYynwgesckIþrsab´rsl´ rvay

eQµaHza

ehIyEtgekItRBmnwgóebk¡aevTnab¨ueNÑaH

nigkarrevI

manemahectsikCamUl

Ékehtukcitþ ‘minmanelaP; nigeTas;CaehtueT’.

32

nigjab´j&r ehAza

ehtuoekItemahmUlcitþman 2Rbkar

1-Geyaniesa mnsikaera kareZVITukkñúgcitþ minedayó:yénR:C\a. 2-Gasvsmub|aeTa manGasv;CaehtuoekIteLIg.

-Baküza Geyaniesamnsikaera enaH:ndl´ karminBicarNaGarmµN¾ Edl

mkxÞaMgxÞb´tamTVarenaH>oeXIjdwgtamesckIþBit

minBicarNaehtu

minBicarNa

pl minBicarNasPav;xagedImxagcugénZm(enaH> eTIbCaehtuoekItemahmUlcitþ 2dYg.

Baküza

man4 RbePT KW ;

Gasv;

1-kamasv;

enaH:ndl´kielsEdlCaeRK}gedkRtaMenAkñúgcitþsnþan

Gasv;Kwkam

sMelg køin rs epadðBV; nigZmµarmµN¾.

:ndl´esckIþRsLaj´eBjcitþ

kñúgrUb

2-Pavasv; Gasv;KWPB:ndl´kareRtkGrCab´CMBak´citþkñúgPB. 3-Tidðasv; Gasv;KWTidið :ndl´micäaTidðiTaMgGs´. 4-GviC¢asv;

TaMgBYg.

Gasv;

KWGviC¢a :ndl´esckIþlág´exøA mindwgBitkñúgsPav;

emahectsikenH kñúgZmµsg<NI eBalTukmanBaküCaedImza ; 1-GjaNM

karmindwg

2-GTsSnM

karmineXIj

4-GnnueBaeZa

karmindwgedaysmKYr

3-GnPismeya

1-citþsS

karminRtas´dwg

lk¡NaTictuk; rbs´emah;

GnÆPavlk¡eNa

lk¡eNa mankarmindwg Calk¡N;.

mankarggwtsøb´éncitþ

33

Calk¡N;.

GBa¦aN

2-GarmµNsPavcäaTn

resa

mankar:MgbiTsPav;

Gsm| dievZ resa mankarmincak´ZøúHCakic©.

énGarmµN¾Cakic©.

3-GnÆkarbc©úbdðaena mankarggwtsø)b´Capl. Gsmµabdibtiþbc©úb|dðaena man

karminbdibtiþ edayRtwmRtUv CaGakar;R:kd. 4-Geyaniesamnsikar

R:C\aCabTdðan.

bTdðaena

mankareZIVTukkñúgcitþminedayó:yén

lk¡NaTictuk; rbs´vicikicäa

1-sMsylk¡Na manesckIþsgS&y Calk¡N;

2-km|nrsa mankarjab´j&r ‘kñúgGarmµN¾’ Cakic©.

3-Gnicäybc©úb|dðana mankarsMerccitþmin:n ßGenkMsKahbc©úb|dðana man

karkan´ykEtmüa¨g min:nCaGakarR:kd.

4-GeyaniesamnsikarbTdðana mankareZIVTukkñúgcitþminedayó:yénR:C\a.

1-BueTÆ kg¡ti

citþEdlsm|yutþedayvicikicäa 8

2-Zemµ kg¡ti

sgS&ykñúgRBHBuTÆ

sgS&ykñúgRBHZm(

3-seg¹ kg¡ti

sgS&ykñúgRBHsg¹

5-buBVenþ kg¡ti

sgS&ykñúgxnÆCaedIm BIGtIt

4-sik¡ay kg¡ti 6-Gbrenþ kg¡ti

7-buBVnþabrenþ kg¡ti

8-bdic©smub|aeT kg¡ti

sgS&ykñúgsik¡a

sgS&ykñúgxnÆCaedIm eTAGnaKt

sgS&ykñúgxnÆCaedIm EdlCaGtIt nigGnaKt sgS&ykñúgbdic©smub|aT.

34

*Baküza zamanBitEmnß/

BueTÆ

GZib|ayvicikicäa 8

kg¡ti

KW

RbEhlCasnµtieLIg

sgS&ykñúgRBHsrIr;rbs´RBHBuTÆCam©as´ edIm|ICaó:yoRbCaCnsamK<IsamK<a

b¨ueNÑa;eT. sgS&ykñúgRBHKuNTaMg10bT manBaküGrhMCaedIm etIRBHnamTaMgenH manBitEmnßminEmn/

*Baküza Zemµa kg¡ti EtgsgS&ykñúgRBHZm( KW mK<4 pl4 niBVan1 ßkñúgRBH

ZmµKuN6bT zaetIRBHZm(TaMgenHnwgnaMoputTuk¡ BitßminBit/

*Baküza Zemµa kg¡ti EtgsgS&ykñúgRBHZm( KW mK<4 pl4 niBVan1 ßkñúg

RBHZmµKuN6bT zaetIRBHZm(TaMgenHnwgnaMoputTuk¡ BitßminBit/

*Baküza seg¹ kg¡ti EtgsgS&ykñúgRBHGriysg¹ ßkñúgRBHsg¹KuNTaMg

9bT zaetImanBitßeT/

*Baküza sik¡ay kg¡ti EtgsgS&ykñúgsik¡a3 KW GZisIlsik¡a GZicitþsik¡a

nigGZibBa¦asik¡a zamanBitßeT/ sgS&ykñúgpløanisgSkñúgkarbdibtiþsik¡aTaMg3enaH za etInwgCYyminoeTAkan´G:yBitßeT/

GZisIlsik¡a elakiy; KW :diemak¡sMvrsIl. ebIelakutþr; KwsIlEdl

sm|yutþnwgmK<nwgpl.

GZicitþsik¡a elakiy; KW smabtiþct i þ EdlCa:TénvibsSna ebIelakutþr;

KWcitþEdlsm|yutþnwgmK<nwgpl. GZibBa¦asik¡a

elakiy;

sm|yutþnwgmK<nigpl. *Baküza

buBVenþ

kg¡ti

KW

vibsSnajaN

EtgsgS&ykñúgxnÆ

ebIelakutþr; Gaytn;

KW

bBa¦aEdl

ZatuEdlCaGtIt

EdlsnµtizaCatYxøÜnCabuK<l CastV manBitßeT/ ehIyCatimunmanBitßeT/

*Baküza Gbrenþ kg¡ti EtgsgS&ykñúgxnÆGaytn; ZatuEdlCaGnaKt KW

sPavZm(Edlsnµtiza

CastVbuK<l

tYxøÜn

etInwgR:kdkñúgGnaKtmanBitßeT/

ßsgS&y za stVsøab´ehIy nwgekItkñúgCatimux kñúgPBmux manBitßeT/

35

*Baküza buBVnþabrenþ kg¡ti EtgsgS&ykñúgxnÆ Gaytn; ZatuEdlCaGtIt nwg

EdlCaGnaKt zamanBitßeT/ *Baküza

bdic©smub|aeTkg¡ti

EtgsgS&ykñúgZm(EdlCabdic©smub|aT

kñúgCatienHza GviC¢aCabc©&yoekItbuNü :bCaedIm oekItplbuNü nigpl:b bnþeTAkñúgPBzµICaedIm manBitßeT.

esckIþsgS&ykñúgRBHsURt 16ya¨g sgS&ykñúgGtIt5 KW

1-eyIgZøab´ekItmkehIy kñúgGtIt ßminZøab´eThñ.

2-eyIgminZøab´ekItmkehIykñúgGtIt ßk*Zøab´Edrhñ 3-eyIgZøab´ekItkñúgGtIt CaGIVhñ

4-kñúgGtIt eyIgmanrUbragsNðan ya¨gNaEdrhñ 5-eyIgZøab´ekItCaGIV ehIyekItCa GIVEdrhñ sgS&ykñúgGnaKt5 KW

1-eyIgnwgekItkñúgGnaKt ßeThñ

2-eyIgnwgminekItkñúgGnaKt ßeThñ 3-eyIgnwgekItkñúgGnaKt CaGIVEdrhñ

4-kñúgGnaKt eyIgnwgmanrUbrag ya¨gNaEdrhñ 5-eyIgnwgekItCaGIV ehIynwgekIt CaGIVEdrhñ

1-eyIgkMBugman ßeThñ

sgS&ykñúgbc©úb|nñ 6 KW

2-eyIgminman ßeThñ 3-eyIgCaGIVhñ

36

4-eyIgmanrUbsNðan ya¨gNahñ

5-eyIgCastV mkBINahñ

6-stVKW eyIgnwgeTAekItTINahñ

1-BhusSútta 2-bribucäkta

3-vineybktJú¦ta

Zm(EdlCaehtulHvicikicäa 6 PaBCaGñksþab´eRcIn PaBCaGñksaksYr

esckIþdwgTUeTAkñúgRBHvin&y

4-GZiemak¡Bhulta

PaBCaGñkeRcInedayGZiemak¡

6-sb|aykza

mankzaEdlCasb|ay;

5-klüaNmitþa

1-GvUbsmlk¡NM 2-Gnvtæan rsM

3-Pnþtþbc©úb|dðanM

PaBCaGñkmanmitþlÁ

lk¡NaTictuk;rbs´óTÆc©;

mankarminsáb´Calk¡N;

karmintaMgenA ‘kñúgGarmµN¾EtmYy’ Cakic© mankarP&nþPaMgjab´j&r CaGakarR:kd

4-GeyaniesamnsikarbTdðanM mankareZIVTukkñúgcitþminedayó:ylÁitlÁn´ CabTdðan

1-BhusSútta 2-bribucäkta

Zm(EdlCaehtulHóTÆc©;6 CaGñksþab´:neRcIn CaGñksaksYr

3-vineybktBaú¦ta

CaGñkdwgTUeTAkñúgRBHvin&y

5-klüaNmitþta

CaGñkmanmitþlÁ

4-BuTÆesrita

CaGñkeBjcitþkñúgZm(rbs´RBHBuTÆCam©as´

37

6-sb|aykza

1-edayCati

mankzaEdlCasb|ay; cMENkemahmUlcitþ 2 edayn&yepSg>

2-edayPUmi

emahmUlcitþ2

CaGkuslCati

emahmUlcitþ2

CakamavcrPUmi

emahmUlcitþ2

Canehtu nigCaÉkehtukcitþ

3-edayevTna

emahmUlcitþ2

5-edaysg¡ar

emahmUlcitþ2

CaGsg¡arik;

7-edayesaPN

emahmUlcitþ2

CaGesaPNcitþ

4-edayehtu

6-edaysm|yutþ

emahmUlcitþ2

Caóebk¡aevTna

Casm|yutþcitþ

8-edayQan

emahmUlcitþ2

CaGkuslQan ßCaGQan

10-edaykic©

emahmUlcitþ2

CacitþeZIVCvnkic©

12-edayTVar

emahmUlcitþ2

CacitþekIt:n6TVar

9-edayelakiy; 11-edayGarmµN¾ 13-edayvtæú

emahmUlcitþ2 emahmUlcitþ2 emahmUlcitþ2

14-edayviBa¦aNZatu emahmUlcitþ2

Caelakiycitþ

CacitþmanGarmµN¾ 6 CacitþekItRtg´hTyvtæú

‘kñúgPUmiEdl manxnÆ5’ CamenaviBa¦aNZatu

pl‘vi:k’ EdlekItBIemahmUlcitþ

emahmUlcitþ Cacitþlág´exøA láIeláI. GñkNamYyRtUvemahectsikRKbsg,t´

GñkenaHEtgEtvegVg ePøItePøIn mindwgGarmµN¾tamesckIþBit. kñúgsm&yNa mnusS

mansnþaneRcIn eTAedayemah; sm&yenaHrEmgekItesckIþGnþray edaysareraK P&yeb[teb[n CaehtuoeraKratt|atedksøab´d*eRcIn.

38

cMENkkñúgGnaKt GaRs&yedayemah;Caehtu stVTaMgLayEtgcUleTAkan´

kMeNItCastVtircäan EdlmanesckIþvegVgCanic©.

‘cb´emahmUlcitþ2dYg’

1-bueBV GktbuJ¦ta

ehtuoekItGkuslcitþ12 man5

2-Gb|dirUbeTsvas

3-Gsb|úrisUbnisSy

min:neZIVbuNüTukBIkalmun

enAkñúgRbeTsEdlminsmKYr

minesBKb´sb|úrs

4-GsTÆmµsvn

minsþab´Zm( ‘rbs´sb|úrs’

*Gkuslcitþ12enH

nwgmaneTasticßeRcInk*eRscEtenAelIectnakmµ

5-GtþmicäabNiZi EdlCakmµbz.

tm,l´xøÜnTuk KWesckIþR:zñaxus

ebIGkuslcitþenaHCakmµbzk*maneTasZán´

EtgnaMoekItkñúg

G:yPUmi ebIminTan´dl´CakmµbzeTk*maneTastic oplEtkñúgbvtiþkal. seRg<aHGkuslcitþ12dYg cUlkñúgkmµbz

Gkuslkmµbz10

1-ekIttamkayTVar man3 KW ? 1-:Nati:t

sMlab´stV

3-kaemsumicäacar

RbRBwtþxuskñúgkam

2-GTinñaTan

lYcRTBü

2-ekIttamvicITVar man4 K W? 1-musavaT

niyaykuhk

2-bisuNavaT

niyays)kes[t

4-smöb|lab

niyayerayray

3-prusvaT

niyayeCrRbeTc

39

3-ekIttammenaTVar man3 KW ? 1-GPiCÄa

karsMlwgcg´:n

2-Büa:T;

Büa:TbMNgGaRkk´

3-micäaTidði

1-edaymUl;

karyl´xus ‘niytmicäaTidði’

GZib|ayGkuslkmµbzedayGakar;5

2-edaykmµ 3-edayTVar

manelaP; eTas; nigemah;CamUl Cakaykmµ vcIkmµ nigmenakmµ CakayTVar vcITVar nigmenaTVar

4-edayeTas

CaGb|savC¢;

5-edayGg<

KWGg<énkarknøgelµIskmµbz

maneTasZán´

maneTastic

1-:Nati:t

karjaMugstVmanCIvitoZøak´cuHKnøg

edayevahar:ndl´stV ‘ectnasMlab´’

eQµaHza

:Nati:t

edaybrmtæ:ndl´CIvitiRnIÞy¾2ya¨g.

EtstVminmansøab´eT

Gkuslcitþ

nigmhasavC¢;

minCakaykmµ

KWsMlab´stV.

manvZkectna

Cakmµbz RKan´EtRCabza GkuslcitþenH CakayTuc©ritmüa¨g. b¨Eu nþebIstVenaHRtUvsMlab´søab´edaykareZIVenaHEmn

edayGakar;5ya¨genHKW ?

Kb|IRCabkarsMlab´enaH

1-edaymUl karsMlab´stV ekIteRBaHeTas; nigemah; CamUl 2-edaykmµ Cakaykmµ eRBaHsMercedaykareZIVtampøÚvkay

3-edayTVar Ca2TVar KWkayTVar nigvcITVar 4-edaysavC¢; KW ?

-sMlab´stVmanKuNeRcIn dUcmnusS CaedIm maneTasZán´

40

eRBaHmindl´

-sMlab´stVmanKuNtic

maneTasRsal.

-sMlab´stVKµansIlZm(

maneTasRsal

-sMlab´stVmansIlZm(

-sMlab´stVZM

-sMlab´stVtUc

-ebIKuNZm( nigsrIr;esµIKña

maneTasZán´ maneTasZán´

maneTastic

kielsnigesckIþBüayamxøaMgkøa maneTasZán´ kielsnigesckIþBüayamexSay

maneTasRsal

5-edayGg< ‘cMENkRbkb’ manGg<5 KW ? 1-:eNa

stVmanCIvit

3-viZkcitþM

mancitþKitsMlab´

2-:NsBa¦ita 4-óbk,ema

5-etn mrNM

kalebIRKb´Gg<5ehIy

GacoplnaMekItkñúgG:yPUmi.

minoplnaMbdisnÆikñúgG:yPUmi

dwgzastVmanCIvit

manesckIþBüayam

stVsøab´edaykarBüayamenaH

sIlrEmgRtUvdac´

ebIminRKb´Gg<5eT

b¨uEnþoplkñúgbvtþikal

dl´PaBCakmµbz

KW

CaTuc©ritkmµ

bnÞab´BibdisnÆicitþ

eTArhUtdl´cuticitþ. :Nati:tenH manRbeyaK6 KW ?

1-sahtiækbeyaK; RbeyaKeZIVoeKsøab´edayédxøÜnÉg

2-GaNtiþkbeyaK; RbeyaKeZIVoeKsøab´edaykarbg<ab´bBa¢aGñkdéT

3-nisSKi<ybeyaK; RbeyaKeZIVoeKsøab´edaykarRKEvg e:H ecal :j´ 4-zavrbeyaK;

RbeyaKEdleZIVoeKsøab´

edayeRK}genAnwgmYykEnøg

dUcCIkGNþÚg Gnøg´ cMrUg zñaMBis GnÞak´ vtæúbnøac sresrBN(na .l.

41

5-viC¢amybeyaK; sMercedayviC¢araymnþGaKm ßedayGMNacPUtbIsac.

6-«TiÆmybeyaK; sMercedayßTiÆEdlekItBIplénkmµ dUcßTiÆnaK RKuD yk¡

ß b\TÆiRBHraCa.

2-GTinñaTan

karkan´ykvtæúrbs´rbrEdlm©as´eKmin:no eQµaHza GTinñaTan KWlYceday

ezyüectna KWectnalYc.1-edaymUl ezyüectna ekIteLIgeRBaHelaP; eTas;

emah;. ebIelaP; CamUl lYc edIm|Io:nnUvvtæúEdlRtUvkar. ebIeTas;CamUl lYcedayeZIVo m©as´vinasRTBü nigminRtUvkarRTBüenaHeT.

2-edaykmµ Cakaykmµ eRBaHsMercedaykareZIVtampøÚvkay 3-edayTVar Ca2TVar:n KWkayTVar nigvcITVar 4-edaysavC¢; KW ?

-ebIvtæúenaHRbNIt mantémøx¬s´ maneTasZán´

-ebIvtæúenaHGn´GaRkk´ témøtic maneTasRsal -ebIvtæúenaH

m©as´CaGñkmanKuN

mansIl

minman sIl maneTasRsal.

maneTasZán´

ebIminmanKuN

-ebIvtæúZM maneTasZán´ ebIvtæútUc maneTasRsal -ebIvtæú nigKuNesµIKña kielsnigkarBüayamxøaMg maneTasZán´ ebIkiels

nig karBüayamexSay maneTasRsal. 5-edayGg< manGg<5 KW ? 1-brbriK<hitM

2-brbriK<hitsBa¦ita

vtæúenaHmanm©as´hYgEhg

dwgzaCarbs´Edlm©as´eKhYgEhg

3-ezyücitþM

mancitþKitlYc

5-etn hrNM

lYc:nedaykarBüayamenaH

4-óbk,ema

mankarBüayam

42

*kalNaRKb´Gg<5

naMekItkñúgG:yPUmi

sIldac´

ebIminRKb´eT

bdisnÆikal Etnwgoplkñúgbvtþikal. GTinñaTanenaH

eRcIndUcCa ?

ehIyCakmµbz

sIlmindac´

karlYcedaykarecaTRbkan´yk

Zurniek¡b;

karlYcedaykarcuHZur;

sahtæik;

karlYcedayédxøÜnÉg

hrN;

GaNtiþk;

nisSK<iy;

CaTuc©ritkmµ

minoplkñúg

manRbeyaKEdlRbRBwtþeTAedayGakar;énGvhar

GaTiyn;

GvhrN;

GacoplCaCnkkmµ

‘karlYc’

karlYcedayqe:kykRTBübeBa¦I

karlYcedaykarnaMeTA

karlYcedaykarbg<ab´bBa¢a

karlYcedaykarRKEvge:Hecal

sMviZavhar; karlYcedaykarbbYlKña seg,tnimitþkmµ

karlYcedaykarkMNt´eBlevla ßeZIVnimitþR:b´

bsyØavhar;

karlYcedaykarkMEhgyk rwbCan´ bøn´ deNIþm

ezyüavhar;

karlYcedaykarkMEhgykrwbCan´ bøn´ deNIþm

bdicänñavhar;

karlYcedaybiT:Mglak´Tuk

kusavhar;

karlYcedaykarbþÚrsøak

Baküza Baküza

3-kaemsumicäacar

kaemsu :ndl´karesBemzun

micäacar KWkarRbRBwtþd*lamkEdlbNÐittiHed[l.

b¨uEnþebIeBaledaylk¡N; :ndl´ectnaCaehtuknøgelµIsfan; EdlminKYr

Tak´Tg EdlRbRBwtþtamkayTVar edaybMNgGsTÆmµ eQµaHza kaemsumicäacar.

43

GKmnIydðan 20

fan;EdlbuK<lminKb|ITak´Tg edaybMNgGsTÆmµ manRsI20BYk KW ? RsIþEdlmatarkSaCaedIm 10BYk KW ? 1-RsIþEdlmatarkSa 2-RsIþEdlbitarkSa

3-RsIþEdlmatabitarkSa

4-RsIþEdlbgbÁÚnRbusrkSa 5-RsIþEdlbgbÁÚnRsIrkSa 6-RsIþEdljatirkSa

7-RsIþEdlRtkUlrkSa

8-RsIþEdlmanZm(rkSa

9-RsIþEdlTTYlkarsIþdNwþgehIy 10-RsIþEdlc|ab´RKb´RKg. RsIþEdlCaPriya 10 KW

1-PriyaEdlTijelaHmkedayRTBü

2-PriyaEdlenAedayesckIþeBjcitþ 3-PriyaEdlenAedayePaK;

4-PriyaEdlenAedaysMBt´ 5-PriyaEdleZIVBiZIRcUcTwk

6-PriyaEdlbursdak´eRK}gRbdab´cuHBIk|al 7-PriyaEdlCaTasIkñúgpÞH

8-PriyaEdlCYlmkeZIVkargar 9-PriyaEdlCaeQøIy

10-PriyaEdleTACamYyKñamYyEPøt

44

kñúgbNþaRsIþTaMgLay RsIþ12BYkEdlbursminKYrknøgelµIs KW RsIþEdlTTYl

karsIþdNwþg1 RsIþEdlc|ab´RKb´RKg1 nigRsIþEdlCaPriya10 edayGakar;5 KW ? 1-edaymUl kaemsumicäacar ekIteLIgeRBaHelaP;nigemah;CamUl. 2-edaykmµ 3-edayTVar

Cakaykmµ

CakayTVarEtmüa¨g

4-edaysavC¢;

-buK<lEdlknøgelµIsenaHmanKuN mansIleRcIn maneTasZán´ ebImanKuN

mansIltic maneTasRsal ebIminmanqnÞ;rYmKñaeT maneTasZán´ ebIman qnÞ;rYmKña maneTasRsal.

-ebIkielsnigkarBüayamxøaMgkøa

-ebIkiels nigkarBüayamexSay 5-edayGg< manGg<4 KW ? 1-GKmniyvtæú

maneTasZán´

maneTasRsal.

vtæúEdlminKYrTak´Tg

2-tsµw esvncitþM mancitþKitesBkñúgvtæúEdlminKYrenaH 3-esvnb|eyaeKa BüayamkñúgkaresB

4-meK<n mK<bdibtiþ GZivasnM jaMugmK<nigmK<odl´Kña

kalNaRKb´Gg<4 sIldac´dl´nUvsPaBCakmµbz GacnaMekItkñúgG:yPUmi ebIminRKb´Gg<4eT sIlmindac´ CaTuc©ritkmµ minoplkñúgbdisnÆikal b¨uEnþopl kñúgbvtiþkal.

RbeyaKénmicäacarenaH manmYyKW sahtæikbeyaKb¨ueNÑaH. 4-musavaT

karBüayamtampøÚvvaca ‘vcIbeyaK;’ ß esckIþBüayamtampøÚvkay Edl

bMpøajRbeyaCn¾rbs´GñkdéT énGñkEdlbMNgeBaloTMnas´Kña eQµaHza musa.

ÉectnaEdltaMgeLIgedayesckIþBüayamtamkay ß tamvaca EdlbMNgeBal

45

oeXø{gXøatBIesckIþBit eQµaHzamusavaT. mü¨ageT[t er]gEdlminBit eQµaHza

musa

karobuK<ldéT:ndwger]gminEmnminBitenaH

ehAzavaT.

ÉPav;zaedaylk¡N;

edayPav;zaBit

zaEmn

ectnaEdlotaMgeLIgedayclnaenaH

énbuK<lEdlbMNgobuK<ldéTdwgnUver]gminBit migR:kd eQµaHza musavaT. 1-edaymUl musavaTekIt eRBaHelaP; eTas; nigemah;CamUl 2-edaykmµ

3-edayTVar

CavcIkmµ eRBaHkareZIVenaHsMercedayBaküeBal sMerc:nTVar2 KW vcITVar nigkayTVar.

-vcITVar :ndl´ karniyaykuhk -kayTVar

:ndl´ kareZIVnimitþsBa¦aodwgtamkay dUcjak´mux gk´k|al

sresrsMbuRt .l.

4-edaysavC¢;

eBalkuhkbMpøajRbeyaCn¾enaHGs´eRcIn eTastic.

kuhkTaMgLayEdlniyayZmµtaza

maneTaseRcIn

minmanedaybMNgmino

maneTastic EteBaledIm|IbMpøajRbeyaCn¾ maneTasZán´. ebIbuK<lEdlRtUvxUcxatRbeyaCn¾

ebImanKuNmansIltic maneTasRsal.

ebIGs´ticman

manKuN

mansIleRcIn

eQµaHza

maneTasZán´

ebIkielsnigkarBüayamxøaMgkøa maneTasZán´ ebIexSay maneTasRsal.

5-edayGg< manGg<4 KW ?

1-GtzM vtæú er]gminBit

2-visMvaTncitMþ KitnwgeBaloxuseXø{gXøat

3-teC¢a vayaema BüayamekIt edayKMnitenaH 4-brsS tTtæviCannM CndéTdwgesckIþenaH

kalNaRKb´Gg<4

sIldac´

dl´PaBCakmµbz

kñúgG:yPUmi. ebIminRKb´Gg<4 CaTuc©ritkmµ oplkñúgbvtiþkal.

46

GacoplnaMekIt

RbeyaCn¾ énmusavaTmanEtmYyKW sahtiækbeyaKb¨ueNÑaH.

:ndl´

eTas;eb[teb[n

sMkilidðectna

CaTIRsLaj´.

5-bisuNavaca

CaectnaénGñkEdlmancitþesAhµg

obMNgniyays)kes[tcak´edatbMpøajGñkdéT ÉGñkdéT:nCaTIsmÁb´

ßedaykarbBa©úkbnSúIEGbGb.

eRBaHelaP;

edIm|IoxøÜn:n

nigedIm|IoGñkdéTekItnUvkarQWcab´

1-edaymUl ekIteRBaHelaP; eTas; emah; CamUl 2-edaykmµ

3-edayTVar

CavicIkmµ

sMerc:n2TVar KWvcITVar nigkayTVar

4-edaysavC¢;

buK<lEdlRtUveKjúHjg´

manKuNeRcIn

maneTasZán´

ebImanKuNtic

maneTasRsal.

niyayjúHjg´eZIVoGñkTaMg2 Ebk:k´Kña maneTasZán´ ebIGñkTaMg2 minEbk

:k´KñaeT maneTasRsal.

kielsnigkarBüayamxøaMgkøa maneTasZán´ ebIexSay maneTasRsal. 5-edayGg< manGg<4KW ? 1-PinñiteBVa bera

manGñkdéTEdlxøÜnKb|IjHú jg´bMEbk

3-teC¢a vayaema

mankarBüayamekIteLIgedaycitþenaH

2-ePTbuerk¡arta

manKMnitnwgjúHjg´bMEbkGñkdéTenaH

4-tsS tTtæviCannM GñkdéTenaHdwgc|as´nUvdMeNIrjúHjg´enaH

kalNaRKb´Gg<4

sIldac´

dl´PaBCakmµbz

G:yPUmi ebIminRKb´Gg<4 CaTuc©ritkmµ oplkñúgbvtiþkal.

47

GacoplnaMekItkñúg

6-prusvaca

:ndl´Tudðúløectna ‘ectnakMNac’ énGñkEdlniyayBaküminCaTIRsLaj´

mineZIVosb|aycitþ vinas.

eRBaHRtUveTas;RbTUsþ

cMENkBaküeBalkMNac

nigedIm|IbMNgbMpøajbuK<ldéTo

edaybMNgR:zñaoGñkdéTmankarRbRBwtþlÁ

mincat´ CaprusvaT ‘Gdðkza Zmµsg<NI’.

1-edaymUl prusvaT ekIteRBaHeTas; nigemah;CamUl 2-edaykmµ 3-edayTVar

CavcIkmµ

sMerc:n2TVar KWvcITVar nigkayTVar

4-edaysavC¢;

eBaleCrbuK<lmanKuNeRcIn maneTasZán´ ebImanKuNtic maneTasRsal eCredaykielsxøaMg maneTasZán´ ebIkielsexSay maneTasRsal 5-edayGg< manGg<3 KW ;

1-Gek,asiteBVa bera manbuK<ldéTEdlxøÜnKb|IeCr 2-kubit citþM mancitþxwgeRkaZ 3-Gek,asna :neCrRbeTc

ebIRKb´Gg<3 sIldac´ dl´PaBCakmµbz GacoplnaMbdisnÆikñúgG:yPUmi ebIminRKb´Gg<3 CaTuc©ritkmµoplkñúgbvtiþkal. 7-smöb|lab

Baküza smöb|lab KWsmöM = blab smöM

× erayray «tRbeyaCn¾

blab × eBal niyay

:ndl´ GntæviBa¦abika KWectnaEdlbMNgoGñkdéTdwger]gminCaRbeyaCn¾.

Baküza Gntæ × minEmnCaRbeyaCn¾

48

Baküza viBa¦abika × oeKdwg

ebIedayelaP;mUlcitþ

KW

eRtkGrnigoeKdwger]gEdlKµanRbeyaCn¾

EtebI

edayeTasmUlcitþ KWedaykarmineBjcitþ k*oeKdwger]gEdlKµanRbeyaCn¾enaHeTA edIm|IoeKekþARkhayCaTuk¡.

nigeTas;.

smöb|labenH

CaectnaEtgeb[teb[nedayelaP;

xN;NaGñkniyay niyayedaycitþmanelaP; eTas; emah; Etminman

ectnabMNgoGñkdéTdwger]gEdlminCaRbeyaCn¾eT minEmnCavcITVarénGkuslkmµ.

k*CavcITVarénGkuslcitþ

1-edaymUl ekIteLIgeRBaHelaP; eTas; emah; CamUl 2-edaykmµ 3-edayTVar

CavcIkmµ

sMerc:nTVar2 KW vcITVar nigkayTVar

4-edaysavC¢;

ebIesBeRcIn maneTasZán´ ebIesBticmaneTasRsal.

ebIGñkdéTkan´yknUver]g«tRbeyaCn¾enaH maneTasZán´ EtebIminkan´yk eT

maneTasRsal.

5-edayGg< manGg<2 KW ;

1-nirtækza buerk¡arta bMNgniyayer]gEdlminEmnCaRbeyaCn¾

2-tzarUbIkza kznM :neBalnUver]g«tRbeyaCn¾ mansPaBdUecñaH.

kalebIRKb´Gg<2 dl´PaBCakmµbz GacoplnaMbdisnÆikñúgG:yPUmi ebImin

RKb´Gg<2 CaTuc©rit minCakmµbz oplkñúgbvtiþkal. 8-GPiCÄa

ZmµCatiEdlsMlwgrMéBnUvPNÐ;rbs´GñkdéT Calk¡N;ya¨genH eQµaHza GPiCÄa.

49

:ndl´ectnaEdlRbRBwtþCamYynwgelaP;d*mankmøaMg

rhUtdl´Kitb¨gyk

vtæúrbs´eK mkCarbs´xøÜnedaykareb[teb[neKenaH tampøÚvTuc©rit. EtebIeBjcitþkñúg rbs´eK RtwmEtza lÁ sÁateT minCakmµbz.

1-edaymUl ekIteLIgeRBaHelaP; nigemah; CamUl 2-edaykmµ Camenakmµ

3-edayTVar sMerc:nTaMg3TVar KW menaTVar vicITVar nigkayTVar.

-tammenaTVar dUcxN;EdlKitbMNgb¨gykvtæúrbs´eKedayó:y ßeday

Tuc©ritepSg>.

-tamvcITVar eBlEdlcitþbMNgb¨gykvtæúrbs´mkCarbs´xøÜn k*niyayecj

mktamdUcKMnitenaH edIm|Io:nrbs´enaHmk.

-tamkayTVar eBlEdlcitþbMNgb¨gykvtæúrbs´eKmkCarbs´xøÜn k*eZIVkay

Tuc©rit edIm|Io:nrbs´enaHmk. GPiCÄa

esckIþelaP.

CamenakmµeRBaHekItBIKMnitb¨gcg´orbs´enaHmkCarbs´xøÜn dUecñaHelaP;ßGPiCÄa

mYyenaHk*Camenakmµ. kaykmµ

4-edaysavC¢;

5-edayGg<

1-brPNÐM

ectnaEdlekItrYmCa

ebIectnaEdleZIVtampøÚvkayCaRbZan

dUceXIjR:k´eKRCuH

minEmnCamenakmµ.

eTIbCaRbZan

ectnaenaHKWCa

k*erIsykedayminoeTAm©as´eKvij

Cakaykmµ

KWeTas dUcnwgGTinñaTan manGg<2 KW ; vtæúrbs´eK

2-Gtþena briNamnM begÁanmkCarbs´xøÜnedayTuc©ritkmµepSg>.

kalNaRKb´Gg<2

eday

eTIbCakmµbz

GacoplnaMekItkñúgG:yPUmi

ebIminRKb´Gg< minCakmµbz CaTuc©rit oplkñúgbvtiþkal.

50

9-Büa:T

sPavZm(EdljaMugRbeyaCn¾ esckIþcMerIn nigesckIþsuxovinas eQµaHza

Büa:T. Büa:TenaHmanbMNgGaRkk´oeKvinasCalk¡N;. :ndl´ ectnaEdl

RbRBwtþCamYynwgesckIþeRkaZd*mankmøaMg

kmµbz.

ebIcitþeRkaZ‘mincUlcitþ’

rhUtdl´KitbMNgoeKvinas

ekIteLIgCaeTasmUlcitþ

Camena

CaGkuslcitþ

minEmnCakmµbz. ebIcitþeRkaZ‘mincUlcitþ’enaH mankmøaMgxøaMgkøa rhUtdl´KitbMNg oeKvinaskñúgxN;Na ectnakñúgeTasmUlcitþenaH k*Camenakmµbz. 1-edaymUl Büa:TekIteLIgeRBaHeTas; nigemah; CamUl 2-edaykmµ

Camenakmµ eRBaHectnaenaHRbRBwtþCamYynwgesckIþeRkaZ Edl

3-edayTVar

sMerc:nTaMg3TVar KW menaTVar vcITVar nigkayTVar.

mankmøaMg rhUtdl´KitbMNgGaRkk´oeKvinas. tammenaTVar

dUcxN;EdlesckIþeRkaZmankmøaMg

rhUtdl´KitoeKvinas

edayTuc©ritkmµepSg>. tamvcITVar

kalcitþKitoeKvinasedayesckIþBüa:TehIy

oeKdéTeZIVesckIþvinasdl´CnEdlxøÜneRkaZenaH. tamkayTVar

k*eRbIßbBa¢a

kalcitþKitoeKvinasedayesckIþBüa:TehIy

epSg>edaykayrbs´xøÜn edIm|IoGñkenaHvinas.

k*eZIVTuc©rit

ectnaniyay ßectnaeZIV oeKvinasEdlekItedaycitþBüa:T Camenakmµbz

minEmnCakaykmµnigvcIkmµ kalNaekItnwgcitþEdlmaneTas; ßBüa:TCaRbZan. b¨uEnþebICakaykmµKWeZIVedaykay

edaykaykmµ

nigvcIkmµenaHk*CaRbZan

ßCavcIkmµKWeZIVedayvaca

minEmnBüa:TCaRbZaneT

ectnaEdleZIV

dUckarsMlab´

mUs sMlab´RsemacCakaykmµeRBaHectnaEdleZIVedaykayCaRbZan. karRbyuTÆ karBarxøÜn

eZIo V eKdéTRtUvrbYsßsøab´enaH

Cakaykmµ

eRBaHectnaeZIVedaykayCaRbZan minEmnBüa:TCaRbZaneT. 4-edaysavC¢; KWmaneTasdUcnwgprusvaT

51

minEmnCamenakmµeT

5-edayGg< manGg<2 KW ; 1-brsetþa

GñkdéTeRkABIxøÜn

2-tsS c vinascitþa

KitoGñkenaHvinas

kalNaeRkaZmanstVdéTCaTItaMg sUm|IekItehIyk*eday minTan´CakmµbzeT

drabdl´nwgKitjaMugstVovinasza Ohñ stVenHKYrEtrlay KYrEtvinas.

kalNaRKb´Gg<2 Cakmµbz GacoplnaMekItkñúgG:yPUmi ebIminRKb´eT min

Cakmµbz oplkñúgbvtiþkal.

:ndl´

10-micäaTidði

ectnaEdlekItrYmnwgesckIþeXIjxusd*mankmøaMgedayesckIþmin

kan´yktamesckIþBit. lk¡N;

micäaTidðimankareXIjvibrit

edayn&yCaGaTiza

Tanminmanpl.

KWeXIjxus

eXIjpÞúyCa

CaectnaEdleC]Cak´kñúgkareXIj

xusenaHya¨gs)b´.

1-edaymUl ekIteLIgeRBaHemah; nigelaP;CamUl 2-edaykmµ

Camenakmµ

nwgKMnityl´eXIjtampøÚvcitþ.

eRBaHCaectnaEdlekIteLIgRbRBwtþeTACamYy

3-edayTVar sMerc:n3TVar KW menaTVar vcITVar kayTVar. -tammenaTVar

:ndl´

Edl:nyl´eXIjs)b´enaH.

ectnaEdlekItCamYynwgkaryl´xus

eXIjxus

-tamvcITVar :ndl´ kalNamankareXIjxusya¨genaHehIy k*manectna

eBalnUver]gEdlyl´eXIjxusenaH>. -tamkayTVar

:ndl´

kalNamankareXIjxusya¨gs)b´ehIy

k*manectna eZIVnUvTuc©ritkmµepSg> edaycitþEdleXIjxusenaH. 4-edaysavC¢;

-manGaesvn; ‘KWesB’eRcIn maneTasZán´

52

-manGaesvn;tic maneTasRsal

-GniytmicäaTidðimaneTasRsal ebIniytmicäaTidðimaneTasZán´. 5-edayGg< manGg<2 KW ; 1-vtæúena

c

Khitakarvibritta

GakarEdlkan´yk KWRBHrtnRty&CaedIm. 2-yza

c

tM

KNaØti

edayesckIþminBitenaH k*R:kd. kñúgbNþamicäaTidðiTaMgenaH

sPaBéner]gTaMgLayvibritcakBI

tzaPaevn

Cakmµbz

tsSÚbdðanM

GaRs&yedayntiækTidði

nigGkiriyTidiðb¨ueNÑaH minCakmµbzedayTidiðdéT>eLIy. kalNaRKb´Gg<2

karRbkan´nUver]g

k*dl´esckIþCakmµbz

GehtukTidið

GacoplnaMekItkñúgG:yPUmi

ebIsinminRKb´Gg<2 minCakmµbz oplkñúgbvtik þ alb´¨ueNÑaH. Gkusllkµbz 5RbePT

vinicä&y Gkuslkmµbz 10 edayGakar; 5KW ? 1-Zmµeta

edayZmµ KW Gg<Zm(

3-GarmµNeta

edayGarmµN¾

2-ekadðaseta 4-evTnaeta 5-mUleta

edayekadðas KWcMENk edayevTna edaymUl

1-edayZm(

bNþaGkuslkmµbz 10 Gkuslkmµbz7 tamlMdab´ ‘KWkaykmµ3 vcIkmµ

4’ edayGg<Zm(KW ectnab¨ueNÑaH. Gkuslkmµbz3eT[t ‘KWmenakmµ3’ edayGg< Zm(KWectsik EdlRbkbnwgectna. -GPiCÄa

Gg<Zm( KWelaP;

EdlRbkbnwgectna

53

-Büa:T -micäaTidið

Gg<Zm( KWeTas;

EdlRbkbnwgectna

Gg<Zm( KWTidið

EdlRbkbnwgectna

2-edayekadðas

Gkuslkmµbz8 KW kaykmµ3 vcIkmµ4 nigmicáäaTidið1 CakmµbzsuTÆ.

Gkuslkmµbz2 KWGPiCÄa1 nigBüa:T1 Cakmµbzpg CamUlpl.

:Nati:t GTinñaTan micäacar

musavaT

3-edayGarmµN¾

mansg¡arCaGarmµN¾ eRBaHmanCIvitiRniÞy¾CaGarmµN¾ manstV ßsg¡arCaGarmµN¾

mansg¡arCaGarmµN¾ edayGMNacepadðBV; ‘xøHza stVEdr’ manstV ßsg¡ar CaGarmµN¾

bisuNavaca manstV ßsg¡ar CaGarmµN¾ prusvaT

smöb|lab

manstV ßsg¡ar CaGarmµN¾ edayGMNacénZm( KW TidðM sutM

GPiCÄa

manstV ßsg¡arCaGarmµN¾

Büa:T

manstV CaGarmµN¾b¨ueNÑaH

mutM viBa¦atM.

PUmi3.

manstVbu¨eNÑaH CaGarmµN¾

micäaTidið

mansg¡arCaGarmµN¾

edayGMNacénZm(EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúg

4-edayevTna

:Nati:t

RbkbedayTuk¡evTna ‘eTamnsSevTna’ sUm|IRBHraCakMBugesIc

kekÁ{kk*eday eBlRBHGg<Rtas´za BYkÉgsMlab´vaCaecareTAya¨genH EdlRBHT&ysMerc Caectnasm|yutþCamYyTuk¡evTna.

54

ectna

GTinñaTan

eBlrIkrayeRtkGrkan´yk

edayTaMgP&y

RbkbedayevTna3

KWCasuxevTna

ßTaMgBicarNaplénkarlYc

kñúgsPav;CakNþal KWCaGTuk¡msuxevTna. micäacar;

manevTna2

sMerccitþ minCaóebk¡aevTnaeT. -musavaT

KWsuxevTna

‘esamnsS’.

KWCaTuk¡evTna.

eBlkan´yk

eBllYctaMgenA

nigGTuk¡msuxevTna

EtkñúgeBlEdl

manevTna3

-bisuNavaca

manevTna3

-smöb|lab;

manevTna3

-Büa:T

manTuk¡evTnaEtmYy

-micäaTidið

manevTna2 KWsuxevTna nigóebk¡aevTna.

-prusvaca

CaTuk¡evTna

-GPiCÄa

manevTna2 KWsuxevTna nigóebk¡aevTna

5-edaymUl

:Nati:t

manmUl2 KWeTas; nigemah;

micäacar;

manmUl2 KW elaP; nigemah;

prusvaT

dUcnwg :Nati:t

micäaTidið

manmUl 2 dUcnwg micäacar.

GTinñaTan

manmUl2 KW eTas; nigemah; ÇßelaP; nigemah;

musavaT-bisuNavaca-nigsmöb|lab; dUcnwgGTinñaTan. GPiCÄa nigBüa:T

manmUlEtmYy KW emah;

GkuslmUl3 CaehtuoekItGkuslkmµbz 10

1-elaPmUl8

CaehtuoekItTuc©rit7 KW ?

55

kñúgkaykmµ2 KW GTinñaTan kaemsumicäacar

kñúgvcIkmµ3 KW musavaT bisuNavaT smöb|lab;

kñúgmenakmµ2 KW GPiCÄa micäaTidið.

2-eTasmUl2

CaehtuoekItTuc©rit7 KW ?

kñúgkaykmµ2 KW :Nati:t GTinñaTan -kñúgvcIkmµ 4 KW musavaTCaedIm -kñúgmenakmµ1 KW 3-emahmUl2

Büa:T

CaehtuoekItTuc©rit10 KW kaykmµ3 vcIkmµ4 menakmµ3.

*cMeBaHGkuslkmµbzenaH

Tal´EtmanectnabMNgoGñkdéTxatRbeyaCn¾

ectnaenaHeTIbCakmµbz minEmnCaelaP; eTas; emah; EdlRKan´EtCaGkusl citþeT.

*ebIminmanectnaeb[teb[ndl´GñkdéToCaTuk¡eT ßekþARkhayeT b¨uEnþRbRBwtþ

edayelaP;

eTas;

minEmnCaGkuslkmµ. eZVIkic©karepSg>

emah;

k*CakayTVar

nigvcITVar

énGkuslcitþb´¨ueNÑaH

óTahrN¾dUckarniyayCECkeqøIyqøgKña

ebIxN;enaH

citþminEmnCakusleT

edIreTAedIrmk

kareZIVclna

niyay

sasgenaH> k*RtwmEtCakayTVar nigvcITVarénGkuslcitþ minCaGkuslkmµeT.

*karEdlnwgdwgza kmµNaCakaykmµ kmµNaCavcIkmµ kmµNaCamenakmµ k*

RtUvBinitüemIlza

etIGkuslkmµEdlekIteLIgenaH

GaRs&yedayGPiCÄa

micäaTidði ßk¾minEmneT/ ebIminEmnk*Cakaykmµ ßvcIkmµ.

Büa:T

*cMENkectnakñúgmenakmµenaH sUm|InwgeZIVtamkayTVar nigtamvcITVark*eday

k*mineQµaHzaCakaykmµ

Büa:T micäaTidið CaRbZan.

nigvcIkmµEdr

cMENkectnakñúgkaykmµ

eRBaHectnakñúgmenakmµenaH

nigvcIkmµ

minEmnCamenakmµ

manGPiCÄa

eRBaHectna

EdlsMerc oCakaykmµ nigvcIkmµenaHmanectnaRbRBwtþtamkay nigvacaCaRbZan

minEmnCamenakmµkñúgGPiCÄa Büa:T micäaTidiðeT CaRbZan.

56

menakmµ3

ekIt:nTVarTaMg3 KW kayTVar vcITVar nigmenaTVar.

kaykmµ2

KW:Nati:tnigGTinñaTan ekIt:nTVar2 KW kayTVar nigvcITVar.

vcIkmµ4

kaykmµ1

ekIt:nTVar2 KW kayTVar nigvcITVar.

KW kaemsumicäacar ekIt:nEtTVar1b¨ueNÑaH KW kayTVar.

*kñúgGdðsalinI

kaykmµnigvcIkmµ minEmnekIteLIgeRBaHGsMvr; kñúgbBa©TVar

smösSenaHeT KWekIteLIg:neRBaHGsMvr;kñúgmenaTVarsmösSEtb¨ueNÑaH. ÉcMENk

menakmµ ekIteLIg:neRBaHGsMvr; kñúgqTVarsmösSedayBit. *karBBak´BBUnénkmµ

epSgKña

edaykmµ

Büayam.

edayTVar

maneRcInRbkarNas´

edayectna edayvtæú

eRBaHkmµEdleZIVmþg>enaH

edaykiels

edayesckIþ

edayeTasEdlZán´ ßRsalKWeTAtamkMlaMgénkmµ RBHGg<eBalTukdUecñH ?

1-vi:kZán´rbs´:Nati:t eZIVoGayuxøI kalekItCamnusS.

2-vi:kZán´rbs´GTinñaTan

eZIo V ekItkñúgG:yPUmi

eZIo V ekItkñúgG:yPUmi

kalekItmk CamnusSEteZIVoePaK;vinas. 3-vi:kZán´rbs´kaemsumicäacar

eZIo V ekItkñúgG:yPUmi

kalekItCamnusSeZIVomansRtUv nigomaneB[r. 4-vi:kZán´rbs´musavaT

eZIo V ekItkñúgG:yPUmi

kalekItCamnusS EtgEtRtUveKeBalbnøM edayBaküminBit. 5-vi:kZán´rbs´bisuNavaca

eZIo V ekItkñúgG:yPUmi

kalekItmkCamnusS EtgeZIVoEbk:k´nUvmitþ. 6-vi:kZán´rbs´prusvaca

eZIVoekItkñúgG:yPUmi

eZIo V ekItkñúgG:yPUmi

kalekIt CamnusS eZIVominmannrNamYyeC]nUvBaküsMdI:n.

57

vi:kRsalbMput vi:kRsalbMput vi:kRsalbMput vi:kRsalbMput

vi:kRsalbMput

:nGtþPaB CamnusS eZIVo»EtsMelgEdlmincUlcitþ. 7-vi:kZán´rbs´smöb|lab;

vi:kRsalbMput

kal

vi:kRsalbMput

8-vi:kZán´

Rsalrbs´GPiCÄa

dUcKñanwgGTinñaTan

ehIyGPiCÄaenH

9-vi:kZán´

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Etgtamduteral ‘raKKi<’.

Etgtamduteral ‘eTasKi<’.

10-vi:kZán´ Rsalrbs´micäaTidið ebIesBeRcInrhUtdl´Cab´CaTmøab´ k*ekItkñúg

elaknþriknrk ebIesBtick*eZIo V ekItkñúgG:yPUmi. karBBak´BBUnrbs´kmµ

GacRCab:nc|as´Edr edayehtudUecñHehIy

nigkaroplrbs´kmµenaH

manEtRBHmanRBHPaK

eTIbCnxøHyl´xusKitza

ßkareZIVkmµlÁ:nplGaRkk´. kalNa:nOkasnigbc©&y nigkmµGaRkk´:neLIy.

1-edayCati 2-edayPUmi

ÉesckIþBit

nrNak*minGacdwg

EdlCasBVBa¦Úb¨ueNÑaH.

kareZIVkmµGaRkk´:npllÁ

kareZIVlÁßGaRkk´enaH

Etgopl

minmannrNamYyEdlrYcputcakBIplrbs´kmµlÁ

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Gkuslcitþ 12

Gkuslcitþ 12

CaGkuslCati CakamavcrPUmi

3-edayevTna Gkuslcitþ12

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4-edayehtu

Canehtu Casehtukcitþ KWÉkehtuk2

Tuehtuk10

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5-edaysm|yutþ Gkuslcitþ12

6-edaysg¡ar Gkuslcitþ12 7-edayesaPN; 8-edayQan

9-edayelakiy

10-edaykic©

Casm|yutþcitþ8 Cavib|yutþ4 CaGsg¡arik7 Cassg¡arik5

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Gkuslcitþ12

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Gkuslcitþ12

CaCvnkic©

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58

Caelakiycitþ

11-edayGarmµN¾

Gkuslcitþ12

CacitþmanGarmµN¾ 6

12-edayTVar

Gkuslcitþ12

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13-edayvtæú

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‘cb´Gkuslcitþ 12’

taragGkuslcitþ 12dYg Tidðism|yutþ

Gku

elaPmUl

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Tidðivib|yutþ Tidðism|yutþ

óebk¡a

12

ssg¡arik 1 Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

sl citþ

Gsg¡arik 1

Gsg¡arik 1

8dYg

ssg¡arik 1 Tidðivib|yutþ

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

eTasmUl

eTamnsS

bdiXsm|yutþ

Gsg¡arik 1

2dYg

ssg¡arik 1 emahmUl

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vicikicäasm|yutþ óTÆc©sm|yutþ

sMnYr-cemøIysaeLIgvij

1-RBHsTÆmµ KWZm(GIV manGIVxøH/

*RBHsTÆmµ KWCaZm(rbs´sb|úrsman 3ya¨g KW ;

k-briytiþsTÆmµ :ndl´ RBHBuTÆvcnEdlsikSaer[nsURt

59

2dYg

x-bdibtiþsTÆmµ :ndl´ karrkSasIl karkan´nUvZutg< nigkarcMerInkmµdðan K-bdievZsTÆmµ :ndl´karBnøú;mK< plRBHniBVan nigQanGPiBa¦a 2-brmtæZm( sMedAdl´Zm(G/ IV

*brmtæZm( sMedAdl´sPav;rbs´nam nigrUb EdlmanenAedayminvibrit man4

KW citþ ectsik rUb niBVan.

3-citþ nigbrmtæZm(4 epSgKña ßdUcKña/

*citþCabrmtæZm(mYyRbePT kñúgbrmtæZm(4 ehAzacitþbrmtæ cMENkbrmtæZm(4 enaH sMedAykbrmtæZm(TaMgGs´ Kwcitþ ectsik rUb niBVan. 4-brmtæZm(4 manlk¡N;ya¨gNa/ *brmtæZm(4 manlk¡N;dUcteTA ? citþ

mankardwgnUvGarmµN¾Calk¡N;

eLIg:nEdr.

ev[rcakGarmµN¾ehIy

citþk*minekIt

ectsik mankarGaRs&ycitþekIt Calk¡N; ebIminmancitþ k*ekItmin:n

rUb mankarEbkZøayeTA Calk¡N; eRBaHGaRs&ybc©&yEdlCasRtUv manekþA

nigRtCak´CaedIm.

niBVan mankarsáb´Calk¡N; CaZm(putcakBIxnÆ.

5-evvcn; KWrUbs&BÞepSgKña Etn&ydUcKña éncitþmanGIVxøH/ *evvcn; rbs´citþ man 10KW citþ mena hTy; mans; bNÐr; mnaytn;

mniRniÞy viBa¦aN viBa¦aNk¡nÆ menaviBa¦aNZatu.

6-elaP;nigelaPmUlcitþ xusKñay¨agNa/

elaP;Caectsik cMENkelaPmUlcitþ CacitþEdlmanelaP;CamUl

7-Baküza ²Tidið³ kñúgelaPmUlcitþ4dYg nigBaküza ²micäaTid³ið kñúg Gkuslkmµ

bz dUcKñaßk*xusKña/

60

*xusKña

KWsk,ayTiidið

KWTidiðkñúgelaPmUlcitþenaHsMedA

sIlBVtTidið

niytmicaäTidið

ykkareXIjxusTaMgGs´

cMENkmicäaTidiðkñúgGkuslkmµbzenaH

sMedAykmicäaTidið3 KW GkiriyTidið GehtukTidið nigntæikTidið.

8-karsMlab´xøÜnÉgsøab´ nwgCavi:knaMoekItkñúgG:yPUmißeT/ *karsMlab´xøÜnÉgminRKb´Gg<énkmµbzeT

G:yPUmieLIy.

dUecñaHminCavi:knaMeTA

ekItkñúg

9-ebIelaPmUlcitþ ekItmunsøab´ etInwgekItkñúgTINa/

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eTasmUlcitþenaHCabc©&yoGkuslvi:k

k*ekItkñúgnrk

EdlmanCatikacsahavdUcnwgeTas.

11-ebIemahmUlcitþekItmunsøab´ etInwgekItkñúgTINa/ *emahmUlcitþman2dYg

KWemahmUlcitþEdlRbkbCamYyvicikicäa1

CamYyóTÆc©;1.

emahmUlcitþEdlRbkbCamYynwgóTÆc©;

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ekIt:neT cMENkcitþEdlRbkbCamYyesckIþsgS&y8ya¨g manesckIþsgS&ykñúg søab´ehIyEtgekItCastVtircäan

EdlmanesckIþ

vegVgePøcCanic©.

12-ehtuGIV:nCaemahmUlcitþ2dYgenaHmaneTasticeRcInCagKña.

:n

*vicikicäasm|yutþcitþ maneTaseRcInCag eRBaHCabc©&yoGkuslvi:kbdisnÆi ehIyeRkABIcitþlág´ehIy

citþdYgenHenAmankarBicarNasMerc

KMnityl´eXIjelIsPav;vtæúd*RbesIr

EdlKYreKarBbUCa

EdlxøÜn sµan> nigedaykarGMnYtRkeGItRkTmeT[tenaH.

61

eBalbBa¢ak´

EdlxøÜnminGacdwgdl´

cMENkóTÆc©sm|yutþcitþ

minCabc©&yoGkuslvi:kbdisnÆieT

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nIvrN;Edrß/

*minEmnCavicikicäanIvrN;eT EtelakehAzaCabdirUbkvicikicäa. 14-etIbdirUbkvick i icäaenH CacitþG/ IV

*ebIsgS&yenaHTak´TinnwgelaP;

k*CaeTasmUlcitþ.

15-Gkuslcitþ

G:yPUmi:n

EdlCacitþlÁ>

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k*CaelaPmUlcitþ

maneTas

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edIm|IrkpøÚvkMcat´

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k*minmanpøÚvnwgbMEbkkielsEdleZIo V citþesAhµg:nEdr.

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müa¨geT[t Gkuslcitþ3RbePTenH elaPmUlcitþ8 CacitþeRtkGreBjcitþ eZIV

citþoCab´sÁitENnkñúgGarmµN¾ ÉgenaHrEmglM:kNas.´

GñkEdlnwgeXIjeTas:ntamlHcMeBaHxøÜn

mingaymanpøÚvnwglH:neLIy.

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énxøÜn

k*kan´Et

k*CacitþEdlCaTuk¡

RKb´>KñaEtgmincUlcitþ EtkalNaminsikSaer[nsURteT k*lM:knwglH:ndUcKña. cMENkemah;mUlcitþ2dYg CacitþekItBIemah; KWGviC¢a ÉGviC¢aenH RBHGg<Rtas´za Casirsarbs´kielsTaMgBYg

CaRbZanrbs´kiels Cabc©&yénsMsarvdþ

62

dk:n

edaylM:k

lH:nedaykRm

eZIVya¨gNaeTIbdl´kMritGviC¢a:n

eRBaHGaRs&y

edayenH eTIbcaM:c´ya¨géRkElgEdlGñkmanbBa¦aTaMgLay KYrsikSaBüayamRbwg ERbger[nsURtteTA.

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tampøÚv

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citþb¨ueNÑaH

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minRCab mindwgc|as´ GI> V TaMgGs´ hak´dUcCabrisuTÆ.

.

EdlmindwgGarmµN¾ eRBaHzaxN;enaH

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edIm|ostib|dðan

ekIteLIgrlwkdwg lk¡N;énsPavZm( CanamZm( ßCarUbZm(mYyEbb> NamYyEdl sPavZm(TaMgLayzaCatYxøÜn.

cMerInehIyenaH

nwg:nl;bg´

nUvkarRbkan´

18-brmtæZm(Na CanamZm(/

*brmtæZm(EdlCanamZm( man3 KW citþbrmtæ1 ectsikbrmtæ1 niJVnbrmtæ1

19- sg¡arZm(Na CanamZm(/

*sg¡arZm(EdlCanamZm( man2KW citþ1 ectsik1

20-xnÆNaxøH CanamZm(/

*xnÆEdlCanamZm(man4 KWevTnaxnÆ1 sBa¦axnÆ1 sg¡ark¡nÆ1 nigviBa¦aNk¡nÆ1

21-Baküza ²mnusS³ CaxnÆßeT/ *Baküza mnusS minEmnCaxnÆ.

22-brmtæZm(Na CaxnÆ/

*brmtæZm( EdlCaxnÆ man3 KWcitþbrmtæ1 ectsikbrmtæ1 nigrUbbrmtæ1.

63

ß

xN;EdleBjcitþ

maneTas;CamUl.

GarmµN¾tampøÚvEPñk

Gehtukcitþ 18dYg

ßmineBjcitþenaH

b¨Eu nþmunnwgeBjcitþ

Rtec[k

RcmuH

CaGkuslcitþEdlmanelaP;CamUl

ßmineBjcitþ

GNþat

minEmnCaGkuslcitþ KWCacitþEdlR:scakehtu. eTas;

ectsikEdlCaehtuman6dYg. nigemah;.

ectsik3dYgeT[t

ectsik3dYg

k*RtUvEtCacitþEdldwg

kay

CaGkuslehtu

CaesaPNehtu

KW

nigGemah;. citþßectsik EdlmanehtuekItrYm Casehtuk;. citþEdlminRbkbedayehtu

EdlcitþTaMgenH

CaGehtukcitþ.

GelaP;

KWelaP;

GeTas;

mYyézá>manGehtukcitþ

ekIteRcInNas´. xN;EdleXIj » ZMukøin dwgrs dwgepadðBV;enaH Gehtukcitþ

ekItmun sehtukcitþ ‘kusl ßGkuslcitþ’.

Gehtukcitþman18dYg Cavi:kman15dYgCakiriyacitþ 3dYg EdlEckecj Ca

3RbePTKW ?

-CaGkuslvi:kcitþ ‘plrbs´Gkuslkmµ’ 7dYg

-CaGehtukkuslvi:kcitþ ‘plrbs´kuslkmµ’ 8dYg -CaGehtukkiriyacitþ ‘minEmnehtuminEmnpl’ 3dYg

1-óebk¡ashKt

RBmedayóebk¡aevTna.

Gkuslvi:kcitþ 7dYg

ck¡úviBa¦aN

eXIjnUvGnidðarmµN¾

KWrUbminCaTIR:zña

2-óebk¡ashKt esatviBa¦aN »nUvGnidðarmµN¾ KWsMelgminCaTIR:zña RBm

edayóebk¡aevTna.

3-óebk¡ashKt XanviBa¦aN ZMunUvGnidðarmµN¾ KWkøinminCaTIR:zña RBmeday

óebk¡aevTna.

64

4-óebk¡ashKt

RBmeday óebk¡aevTna. 5-Tuk¡shKt

RBmedayTuk¡evTna.

CivaØviBa¦aN

dwgnUvGnidðarmµN¾

kayviBa¦aN

6-óebk¡ashKt

sm|dicänñ

óebk¡aevTna.

dwgnUvGnidðarmµN¾

KWrsminCaTIR:zña KWepadðBV;minCaTIR:zña

citþTTYlnUvGnidðarmµN¾TaMg5TVar

RBmeday

7-óebk¡ashKt snIþrN citþBicarNanUvGnidðarmµN¾TaMg6 RBmeday

óebk¡aevTna.

GkuslcitþTaMgGs´

eTaHbImankmøaMgkIþ

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enHrlt´eTAehIy

EtgCabc©&yoGkuslvi:kcitþekIteLIg. minzaGkuslcitþ EdleZIVkmµkñúgCatienH ßkñúgPBGtIt

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ßkñúgGnaKtCatik*eday

EtgEtCabc©&yoekItGkuslvi:kcitþ

1-ck¡úviBa¦aN CaGehtukcitþekIteLIg edIm|ITTYlplrbs´kmµEdl:neZIVTuk

ehIy.

ck¡úviBa¦aNenH

ekItmþgkIþ

ßb¨unµandgkIþ

EtgeXIjRtwmEtBN(

GarmµN¾b¨ueNÑaH mineXIjya¨gdéTCastV buK<leT.

‘rUb’

Ca

Baküza ck¡ú sMedAdl´EPñk ßEkvEPñk edaybrmtæ sMedAdl´ ck¡úbsaT.

Baküza bsaT sMedAdl´ karzøaénmhaPUtrUb EtminEmnCamhaPUtrUbeT. ebIGkuslkmµopl

KWGarmµN¾

minCaTIR:zña

KWGarmµN¾EdlCaTIR:zña. kñúgGMNac

k*eZIo V ck¡úviBa¦aNeXIjrUb:rmµN¾CaGnidðarmµN¾

ebIkuslkmµopl

k*eXIjrU:rmµN¾

kareXIjrUbGnidðarmµNkIþ

nigminRbRBwtþeTAtam

kmµNa>nwgmanOkasopl.

«dðarmµN¾kIþ

esckþIRtUvkarrbs´buK<lNa>eT

Ca«dðarmµN¾ enaHminenA

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karEdlnwgdwgza GnidðarmµN¾ ß«dðarmµN¾enaH minEmnCakic© ‘naTI’ rbs´ck¡ú

viBa¦aNeT

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CaGarmµN¾lÁ ßGaRkk´ GnidðarmµN¾ ß«dðarmµN¾GIVeLIy.

65

mindwgzaGarmµN¾enaH

ck¡úviBa¦aNekItrYmnwgóebk¡aevTna

nwgck¡úbsaTEdlCaó:yTayrUbEdr mankmøaMgticNas´.

2-esatviBa¦aN

Edl:neZIVTukmk

eRBaHGaRs&yedayrUbCaó:TayrUbb¨HxÞb´

‘minEmnCamhaPUtrUbb¨HxÞb´nwgmhaPUtrUb’

CaGehtukcitþ

ekIteLIgedIm|TTYlplrbs´Gkuslkmµ

eZIVo»sMelgCaGnidðarmµN¾.

BaküzaesatedayBüBa¢n;

sMedAdl´Rtec[k edaybrmtæsMedAdl´esatbsaT sMrab´b¨HxÞb´nwgsMelg. 3-XanviBa¦aN

Edl:neZIVTukmk

CaGehtukcitþ

ekIteLIgedIm|ITTYlplrbs´Gkuslkmµ

eZIVo:nZMukøinCaGnidðarmµN¾.

BaküzaXan;

edayBüBa¢n;

sMedAdl´RcmuH EtedaybrmtæsMedAdl´XanbsaTrUb sMrab´b¨HxÞb´nwgkøin. 4-CivØaviBa¦aN

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CaGehtukcitþ

ekIteLIgedIm|ITTYlplrbs´Gkuslkmµ

eZIVo:neRkbCBa¢k´

‘dwg’

rsCaGnidðarmµN¾.

BaküzaCivØa

edayBüBa¢n; sMedAdl´GNþat EtedaybrmtæsMedAdl´CIvØabsaTrUb sMrab´b¨HxÞb´ nwgrsGahar.

5-kayviBa¦aN

Edl:neZIVTukmk

CaGehtukcitþ

ekIteLIgedIm|ITTYlplrbs´Gkuslkmµ

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Baküzakay

edayBüBa¢n; sMedAdl´ragkay edaybrmtæsMedAdl´kaybsaTrUb sMrab´b¨;xÞb´

nwgZatu3 ev[rGae:Zatu KWb¨HxÞb´ rwg Tn´ ekþA RtCak´ twg j&r EdlehAza epadðBV;. karEdlkayviBa¦aN

tamsPav;

ekItRBmedayTuk¡evTna

eRBaHsPavZm(Edlb¨HxÞb´nwgkayenaH

ß

suxevTnaenaH

:ndl´mhaPUtrUb3

rEmgeTA

KWZatudI

manlk¡N;rwg ßTn´ ZatuePøIg manlk¡N;ekþA ßRtCak´ Zatuxül´ manlk¡N;j&r ßtwg.

kalNaZatuTaMg3enHNamYyb¨HxÞb´

ehIyb¨HxÞb´nwgmhaPUtrUb

nigkaybsaTrUb

‘dUcCaKgjat´sMLIRtg´RbehageBj’

ßsuxekIteLIg minEmnCaóebk¡aevTna.

66

EdlCaó:TayrUb

k¾CaehtueZIo V Tuk¡

6-sm|dicänñcitþ mkBIBaküza sM=bdi=«cänñM. sM × RBm bdi × cMeBaH

«cänñM × R:zña ERbza citþRBmTTYl KWRBmTTYlcMeBaHGarmµN¾tBIbBa©viBa¦aN man ck¡úviBa¦aNCaedIm

eTaHCaGkuslvi:kkIþ

ßkuslvi:kGehtukkIþ.

citþenHCa

menaZatu KWZatudwg GaRs&yhTyvtæúeTIbekIt. EdleQµaHza ²Zatu³ eRBaHGtæza sUnü Kw sUnücakstV buK<l CaedIm.

7-snIþrNcitþ ERbza citþBicarNaGarmµN¾ ßsaksYrGarmµN¾. CaGehtu

kvi:kcitþ eZVIkic©BicarNaGarmµN¾EdlekIteLIg tamTVarTaMg 6. müa¨geT[t snIþrNcitþenH eZIVkic©:n5KW; 1-bdisniÆkic©

eZIVkic©

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BicarNaGarmµN¾ TTYlGarmµN¾BICvn;

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67

kayviBa¦aN 1 sm|dicänñcitþ 1 snIþrNcitþ 1

Gehtukkuslvi:k 8dYg

1-óebk¡ashKt ck¡úviBa¦aN eXIjnUv«dðarmµN¾ KWrUbCaTIR:zña RBmeday

óebk¡aevTna.

2-óebk¡ashKt

RBmedayóebk¡a.

3-óebk¡ashKt

óebk¡aevTna.

4-óebk¡ashKt

óebk¡aevTna.

esatviBa¦aN XanviBa¦aN CivØaviBa¦aN

»nUv«dðarmµN¾

KWsMelgCaTIR:zña

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KWrsCaTIR:zña

RBmeday RBmeday

5-suxshKt kayviBa¦aN dwgnUv«dðarmµN¾ KWepadðBV; CaTIR:zña RBmeday

suxevTna.

6-óebk¡ashKt

sm|dicänñ

óebk¡aevTna.

7-esamnsSshKt

RBmedayesamnsSevTna. 8-óebk¡ashKt

óebk¡aevTna. vi:k

snIþrN;

snIþrN;

kamavcrkuslvi:kman16 ßmhavi:k8.

citþTTYlnUv«dðarmµN¾TaMg5TVar citþBicarNanUv

Gti«dðarmµN¾TaMg6TVar

citþBicarNanUv«dðarmµN¾TaMg6TVar KW

Gehtukkuslvi:k8

cMeJHGehtukkuslvi:k8dYgenH

8dYgenH

oplkñúgbvtiþkal.

ekIteLIgTTYlGarmµN¾tambBa©TVar

RBmeday

nwgsehtukkusl

mhakuslcitþEdl:neZIVTukehIykñúgGtItCatißkñúgbc©úb|nñCati. ebIectnaeZIVkuslenaHmankmøaMgexSay

RBmeday

ekItBIectnakñúg

Gehtukkuslvi:k

TMngdUcnwgGkuslvi:kcitþ

7dYgenaHEdr xusKñaEt:nTTYl«dðarmµN¾ KWGarmµN¾CaTIR:zañb¨ueNÑaH eRJHCapl rbs´kusl eTIbeZVo I eXIjrUb ‘BN(’ EdllÁCaTIR:zña.

68

müa¨geT[t

KWesamnsSsnIþrN;.

Gehtukkuslvi:k8dYgenH

elIsGkuslvi:k1dYg

snIþrN;EdlRbkbRBmedayesamnsSevTnaenH

eZIVkic©

naTIBicarNaGarmµN¾ EdlCaTIR:zñad¾ya¨géRkElg tBIsm|dic©nñcitþ EdlCapl rbs´kuslkmµEdllÁd*ya¨géRkElg. Gti«dðarmµN¾

srIr;rbs´RBHBuTÆ

GacCaGti«dðarmµN¾

KWGarmµN¾CaTIR:zñad*ya¨géRkElg

sUres[grbs´RBHBuTÆ

RBHPik¡úsg¹

:ndl´GarmµN¾dUc

RBHBuTÆvcn

sMrab´buK<lGñkmansTÆaminkMerIk:n.

KWRBHéRtbIdk

Gti«dðarmµN¾kñúg

PUmimnusS manticCagPUmieTvta eRBaHeTvtaCaPUmiEdlmanGarmµN¾RbNIt.

taragGehtukkuslvi:k8dYg ck¡úviBa¦aN 1 óebk¡ashKt 4 Gehtukkuslvi:k 8

1-óebk¡ashKt

RBmedayóebk¡a.

esatviBa¦aN 1 XanviBa¦aN 1 CivaØviBa¦aN 1

suxshKt 1

kayviBa¦aN 1

óebk¡ashKt 1

sm|dicñnñcitþ 1

esamnsSshKt 1

snIþrNcitþ 1

óebk¡ashKt 1

snIþrNcitþ 1

Gehtukkiriyacitþ 3dYg

bBa©TVaravC¢n;

citþrMBwg

ßnwkdl´GarmµN¾TaMg5TVar

2-óebk¡ashKt menaTVarravC¢n; citþrMBwg ßnwkdl´GarmµN¾Edlmkkan´Knøg

énmenaTVar RBmedayóebk¡aevTna.

69

3-esamnsSshKt

hsitub|aT

evTnarbs´RBHGrhnþ. TVar5.

citþrIkray

RBmedayesamnsS

1-bBa©TVaravC¢n; ‘bBa©=TVar=GavC¢nM’ ERbza BicarNaGarmµN¾kñúgbBa©TVar KW CakiriyamenaZatu

ekIt.

kalebIbBa©TVaravC¢ncitþminekItsineT

kalNacitþCaGavC¢n;

k*ekItrlt´Cab´

viBa¦aN5k*nwgmin

TTYlGarmµN¾ekItrlt´ehIy

bnþKñaeTArhUtdl´Gs´GayuénGarmµN¾EdlekIteLIgmþg

citþniyam Kw esckþIBitR:kdéncitþ. bBa©TVaravC¢ncitþenH

CakiriyaGehtukcitþ

mkb¨HxÞb´nwgbsaTrUb Cabc©&y.

citþdéT>

enHehAza

ekIteLIgeRBaHGarmµN¾EdlCarUb

k-ebIbB©aTVaravC©ncitþTTYlGarmµN¾tampøÚvEPñk k*ehAza ck¡úTVaravC¢n;. x-ebITTYlGarmµN¾tampøÚvRtec[k k*ehAza esatTVa ravC¢n;.

K-ebITTYlGarmµN¾tampøÚvRcmuH k*ehAza XanTVaravC¢n;.

X-ebITTYlGarmµN¾tam pøÚvGNþat k*ehAza CivØaTVaravC¢n;.

g-ebITTYlGarmµN¾tampøÚvkay k*ehAza kayTVaravC¢n;. rYmTaMg5TVar ehAzabBa©TVaravC¢ncitþ.

lk¡NaTictuk;rbs´bBa©TVaravC¢n; ck¡úviBa¦aNaTibuercr rU:TiviCannlk¡Na mankarnaMmuxénviBa¦aN

manck¡úviBa¦aNCaedIm ehIydwgc|as´nUvGarmµN¾ manrUb CaedIm Calk¡N;. GavC¢n rsa mankarrMBwg ßnwkrknUvGarmµN¾Cakic©

rU:TiGPimuxIPavbc©údðana CaZmµCatimanmun tRmg´eTArkGarmµN¾ manrUbCaedIm

CaGakarR:kd. Pvg<viecäTbTdðana mankardac´ExSénPvg<CabTdðan.

2-menaTVaravC¢ncitþ CaGehtukkiriyacitþ. Baküza menaTVaravC¢nM ‘mena=TVar=

GavC¢nM’

mena

×

citþ

BicarNatampøÚvmenaTVar.

TVar

×

pøÚv

TVar

70

GavC¢nM

×

karBicarNa

ERbza

kar

kalNaGarmµN¾tampøÚvbBa©TVarmanck¡úTVarCaedImrlt´ehIy

menaTVaravC¢n

citþk*dwgGarmµN¾enaHt. menaTVaravC¢ncitþ GacdwgbBa¦tiþepSg> :neRcInNas´ dwg

GarmµN¾:nTaMgEdlCaGnidðarmµN¾k*:n «dðarmµN¾k*:n rUbdéT>eT[tk*:n TaMgcitþ ectsik nigniBVank*:n.

kalNamenaTVaravC¢ncitþenHeZIVkic©eRscehIy

kuslcitþk*man

CaGkuslcitþk*man

KWBicarNaGarmµN¾TaMg6

Camhakiriyak*man.

nigeZIVkic©kMNt´GarmµN¾

evadðvncitþ.

citþEdlekIttBIenaH

Ca

kic©rbs´menaTVaravC¢n;

tampøÚvbB©aTVar

ehAza

lk¡NaTictuk;rbs´menaTVaravC¢n;

qLarmµNviCannlk¡Na mankardwgc|as´ nUvGarmµN¾6 Calk¡N;.

kic©vesn bB©aTVar menaTVarersu evadðvnavC¢n rsa manevadðvn; kñúgbBa©TVar

nigGavC¢n;kñúgmenaTVar edayGMNacénkic© Cars. tzaPavbc©úbdðana

R:kd.

manPaBCaya¨genaHÉg

KWevadðvn;

nigGavC¢n;

CaGakar

Gehtukvi:kmenaviBa¦aNZatu Pvg<anM GB¦atrabKm bTdðana mankarR:seTA

énsnIþrN; ‘kñúgevadðvnkal’ nigPvg< ‘kñúgGavC¢nkal’ NamYyCaehtuCit. 3-hsitub|aTcitþM ‘hsit=ób|aT=citMþ’ hsit × rIkray jjwmjEjm

ób|aT × karekIteLIg

hsitub|aTcitþenH

Cacitþrbs´RBHGrhnþ

CacitþEdleZIVrUbojjwmjEjm. TTYlnUvTuk¡evTna.

kareXIjenaH

RBmnwgkarBicarNaza

dUcer]gRBHmhaemaK<løaneXIjeRbtEdlkMBug

eXIj:nedaykiriyaGPiBa¦acitþ

sPaBya¨genH

ehIyhsitub|aTcitþk*ekIteLIg.

ekItRBmnwgesamnsSevTna

ElgekItman

71

EdlRbRBwtþeTA

dl´elakteTAeT[teLIy

kñúgsueBaZalg,ar :neBalBIkaresIc jjwmjEjm man6ya¨gKW ? 1-sit; jjwmmineXIjeZµj CakarjjwménRBHBuTÆCam©as´.

2-hsit; jjwmlµmeXIjeZµj CakarjjwménRBHGrhnþ énRBHGnaKamI

énRBHskTaKamI

énRBHesatabnñ

nigénbuzuC¢n.

karjjwmenH

RBHGnhnþehIy rEmgRbkbedayehtubuNü ßedayehtu:b. 3-vihsit;

esIc»sMeLgRsal>

3BYk ‘ev[rRBHGrhnþ’. 4-Gtihsit;

nigRBHskTaKamI.

esIc»sMelgxøaMg

eRkABI

ekItnwgcitþrbs´buzuC¢n

nigRBHGriy;

ekItcMeBaHbuzuC¢n

RBHesatabnñ

5-óbhsit; esIcrhUtdl´kayj&r CakaresIcrbs´buzuC¢n.

6-Gvhsit; esIcrhUtdl´hUrTwkEPñk CakaresIcrbs´buzuC¢n. sit;nighsit;

Cakarjjwmrbs´RBHGrhnþ

Rbkan´maMkñúgGarmµN¾dUcCakaresIcrbs´buK<l kMlaMMgexSay

CacitþBiess

ehAza

Cacitþjjwmedaymin

déT>eT[teLIy.

hsitub|aTcitþ.

citþenHeTIbman

karEdlcitþmankMlaMg

ticenHÉg eTIbCaGehtukcitþ cMENkcitþesIcdéT>Casehtukcitþ. lk¡NaTictuk;rbs´hsitub|aT;

qT|armµNviCann lk¡Na mankardwgc|as´nUv GarmµN¾ 6 Calk¡N;

kic© vesn GrhtM GnuT|aersu vtæÚsu hsitub|aTn rsa mankarjjwmj

Ejm

edayGMNac

kñúgvtæúTaMg2EdlminCalÁGIVeT

énkic©

Cars

KWhsitub|aT CaGakarR:kd.

tzaPav

ekItmandl´cMeBaHRBHGrhnþTaMg2

bc©úbdðana

mansPaBCaya¨genaHÉg

Éknþeta hThvtæú bTdðana manhTyvtæú b¨ueNÑaHCabTdðan.

72

Gehtukcitþ18dYgenH

edayGaRs&y

óbtiþehtu

seRg<aHcUlkñúgGsg¡arik

KWehtuEdlRbCMuKñaekIteLIg

eRBaHekIteLIgÉg>

sUm|ImanGñkdwknaMk*eday.

ebIóbtiþehtuminRKb´Gg<eT citþmanck¡úviBa¦aNCaedIm k*rEmgminekItEdr. óbtiþehtuénGehtukcitþ

óbtiþehtu KWehtuekIteLIgénGehtukcitþ18dYg. Gdðkza GdðsalinIsMEdg

Tukza ?

1-ehtuoekItck¡úviBa¦aN2dYg KW ? GsmÖinñtþa ck¡úsS

eRBaHck¡úbsaTminTan´EbkZøay

GaelaksnñisSit

GaRs&yedayBnøW

Ga:zKttþa rU:nM mnsikarehtukM

eRBaHrUbmkkan´dl´Knøg

bNþabc©&yTaMg4enaH

EdlRtUvTwkRbma¨t´ dl´ck¡úviBa¦aN

minTan´EbkZøay.

manmnsikaCaehtu

ck¡úénGñksøab´kIþ

ßEdlRtUvesøs¾µ

ck¡úénGñkmanCIvitEdlrlt´kIþ

ßelahit:MgbiTkIþ

eQµaHzaEbkZøayehIy

ßck¡ú

EdlminGacCabc©&y

b¨uEnþebIenAGacCabc©&y:neQµaHza

sUm|Ick¡úbsaTminTan´EbkZøayk*edayb¨uEnþ ebIrU:rmµN¾‘BN(’ enAminTan´mk

kan´knøgnwgck¡úbsaTeT ck¡úviBa¦aNk*ekItmin:n.

RbsinebIrU:rmµN¾enaHmkkan´KnøgehIy b¨uEnþbc©&yEdlGaRs&yKWBnøWminman

ck¡úviBa¦aNk*ekItmin:n.

RbsinebIBnøWEdlCabc©&yenaHman bu¨EnþkiriyamenaZatu minjúaMgPvg<opøas´bþÚr

eTAeT ck¡úviJ¦aNk*ekItmin:n.

kalNakiriyamenaZatujaMugPvg<opøas´bþÚreTA:n

eLIgeZIVTsSn;kic©

‘eXIjrUb’

ck¡úviBa¦aNeTIbekIt

ck¡úviBa¦aNkalebIekIteLIg

73

rEmg

ekIteLIgRBmedaysm|yuutþZm(TaMgLayedayBitdUecñaH

ehIyeTIbeBalza

ck¡úviBa¦aN ekIteRBaHGaRs&ybc©&y4b¨ueNÑaH. 2-ehtuoekItesatviBa¦aN2dYg KW ?

GsmÖinñtþaesatsS edayesatbsaT enAminTan´EbkZøay. Ga:zKttþa sTÞanM

edaysMelgTaMg2mkkan´Knøg

mnsikarehtukM

manmnsikar Caehtu

GakassnñisSitM

GaRs&yGakas ‘lMhr’

bNþabc©&yTaMg4enaH

BaküzaGaRs&yGakas

KWesatviBa¦aNenaH

:nGaRs&ynUvGakaseTIbekIteLIg ev[rnUvGakasehIyekItmin:n eRBaHkalNa buK<lbiT

rnÆRtec[kCit

esatviBa¦aNk*minGacRbRBwtþ:n.

Kb|IRCabedayn&yEdl:neBalehIykñúger]gck¡úviBa¦aN.

BaküEdleRkABIenH

3-ehtuekItXanviBa¦aN 2dYg KW ? GsmiÖnñtþa

XansS

edayXanbsaTenAminTan´EbkZøay

Ga:zKttþa KnÆanM

edaykøinTaMgLaymkkan´Knøg

vaeyasnñisSitM

GaRs&yvaeya

mnsikarehtukM bNþabc©&yTaMg4enaH

manmnsikarCaehtu BaküzaGaRs&yvaeya

TaMgBIrcUlmkkan´rnÆRcmuHenaHehIy

KWkalNavaeyapat´nUvkøin

XanviBa¦aNeTIbekIteLIg

KWxül´minman XanviBa¦aNk*minekItEdr.

4-ehtuoekItCivØaviBa¦aN 2dYg KW ;

rsmiÖnñtþa

Ga:zaKttþa

Gae:snñisSitM

mnsikarehtukM

CivØay

rsanM

RbsinebIvaeya

edayCivØabsaTenAminTan´EbkZøay

edayrsTaMg2mkkan´Knøg GaRs&yGae: KWTwk

manmnsikar Caehtu

74

bNþabc©&yTaMg4enaH BaküzaGaRs&yGae: :ndl´Gae: KWTwkeZIo V esIm

CivØaviBa¦aNeTIbekIt

ev[rnUvGae:ehIyk*ekItmin:n

eRBaHzakalNabuK<l

GNþatsáÜt sUm|I dak´xaTnIy;Rtg´GNþatenaHk*eday CivØaviBa¦aNk*minekItEdr. 5-ehtuoekItkayviBa¦aN 2dYg KW ? GsmÖinñtþa kaysS

edaykaybsaTenAminTan´EbkZøay

bfvIsnñisSitM

GaRs&ybfvI

Ga:zKttþa epadðBVanM

edayepadðBV;mkkan´Knøg

mnsikarehtukM

mnsikarCaehtu.

bNþabc©&yTaMg4enaH BaküzaGaRs&ybfvI :ndl´ GaRs&ybfvIEdlp<úMKña KW

kaybsaTenaHÉgCabc©&y

eTIbkayviBa¦aNekIteLIg

kayviB¦aaNk*minekItEdr

ev[rnUvkaybsaTehIy

eRBaHmhaPUtrUbCaGarmµN¾xageRkA

bsaTxagkñúgRtg´kayTVar

rEmgb¨HxÞb´Rtg´mhaPUtrUbTaMg2

b¨HxÞb´nwgkay

EdlmankaybsaT

Cabc©&y.

6-ehtuoekItmenaZatu3dYg KW ?

-manbsaT5 KW ck¡ú esat Xan CivØa kay

-manGarmµN¾ 5 KW ; rUb CaedIm mkkan´Knøg -GaRs&yhTyvtæú

-manmnsikar Caehtu

menaZatu3dYg

KW

bBa©TVaravC¢ncitþ1dYg

ehAzamenaZatu ERbza Zatudwg. menaviBa¦aNZatu

bBa©viBa¦aN

nigmenaZatu.

menaTVaravC¢ncitþ1dYg

sm|dicänñcitþ2dYg.

citþ3dYgenH

CacitþEdlmanGMNacGacdwgGarmµN¾:neRcInCag

kñúgGehtukcitþenH

snIþrNcitþ3dYg

manmenaviBa¦aNZatu5dYg

nighsitub|aTcitþ1dYg.

KW

tamesckIþBit

citþTaMgGs´89dYg ß121dYgenaH ev[rTiVbB©aviBa¦aNcitþ10dYg nigmenaZatu3dYgecj ehIyenAsl´citþ76 ß 108dYg TaMgGs´enHCamenaviBa¦aNZatu.

75

7-ehtuoekItmenaviBa¦aNZatu KW ?

GsmiÖnñtþa

mnsS edaymenaenaminTan´EbkZøay

Ga:zKttþa

ZmµanM edayZm(TaMg2mkkan´Knøg

vtæúsnñisSitM

mnsikarehtukM

GaRs&yvtæú

manmnsikar Caehtu

bNþabc©&yTaMg4enH Baküza mena :ndl´Pvg<citþenaHEbkZøayehIykIþ man

kmøaMgexSay

minGacCabc©&ydl´GavC¢ncitþ:nkIþ

EdlGacCabc©&ydl´GavC¢ncitþ:n TaMg2mkkan´Knøg

:ndl´

eQµaHzaEbkZøay

eQµaHzaenAminTan´EbkZøay.

ZmµarmµN¾mkkan´knøg.

Baküza

b¨uEnþeBl

BaküzaeRBaHZm(

GaRs&yhTyvtæú

KWGaRs&y:nEthTyvtæúb¨ueNÑaHeTIbekIteLIg ev[rhTyvtæúk*minekIt. bBaØaenHRBH ezr;elakeBalsMedAdl´bB©aevakarPB KWPBEdlmanxnÆ5.

Baküza manmnsikarCaehtu GZib|ayza kiriyamenaviBa¦aNZatujaMugPvg<o

pøas´bÚrþ eTAsin eTIbmenaviBa¦aNekIteLIg.

enHCakarBN(nanUvkarTTYlGarmµN¾

manRtwmb¨ueNÑaH.

edayóbnisSyb|c©&yCaRbeyaCn¾

Gehtukcitþ18eZVIkc i ©14y¨ag 1-ck¡úviBa¦aN 2dYg

eZIVTsSnkic©

3-XanviBa¦aN 2dYg

eZIVXaynkic©

2-esatviBa¦aN 2dYg

4-CivØaviBa¦aN 2dYg

eZIVsvnkic©

‘kar»’

eZIVsaynkic©

‘karCBa¢k´rs’

5-kayviBa¦aN 2dYg

eZIVpusnkic©

7-óebk¡asnIþrNcitþ2dYg

eZIVkic©5 KW ?

6-sm|dicänñcitþ 2dYg -bdisnÆikic©

‘kareXIj’

eZIVsm|dicänñkic©

‘karbnþCab´kñúgPBzµI’

76

‘karRsUbkøin’ ‘karb¨HBal´’

‘karTTYlnUvbBa©armµN¾’

-Pvg<kic©

‘karrkSaPB’

-snIþrNkic©

‘karBinitüBicarNaGarmµN¾’

-cutikic©

‘karXøatcakPB’

-tTalm¬Nkic©

8-esamnsSsnIþrNcitþ -snIþrNkic©

-tTalm¬Nkic©

1dYg eZIVkic© 2KW;

‘BinitüBicarNaGarmµN¾’ ‘TTYlGarmµN¾tBICvn’

9-bBa©TVaravC¢ncitþ

1dYg eZIVGavC¢nkic© ‘TTYlbBa©armµN¾’

10-menaTVaravC¢ncitþ

1dYg eZIVkic© 2KW ;

-GavC¢nkic©

-evadðvnkic©

‘karTTYlGarmµN¾tBICvn’

‘TTYlGarmµN¾tammenaTVar’

11-hsitub|aTcitþ 1dYg

‘kMNt´GarmµN¾tambBa©TVar’ eZIVCvnkic©

KWesBnUvGarmµN¾eZIVoekItkar

jjwmrbs´RBHGrhnþ. dMeNIrkic©14y¨ag rbs´Gehtukcitþ18dYg eQµaHcitþ

eQµaHkic©

elxer[gkic©

óebk¡asnIþrNcitþ2dYg

eZVIcutik ic©

1

óebk¡asnIþrNcitþ2dYg

eZVIbdisnÆikic©

2

óebk¡asnIþrNcitþ2dYg

eZVIPvg<kic©

3

bBa©TVaravC¢ncitþ 1dYg

eZVIGavC¢nkic©

4

ck¡úviBa¦aN 2dYg

eZVITsSnkic©

5

esatviBa¦aN 2dYg

eZIVsvnkic©

6

XanviBa¦aN 2dYg

eZIVXaynkic©

7

CivØaviBa¦aN 2dYg

eZIVsaynkic©

8

kayviBa¦aN 2dYg

eZVIpusnkic©

9

‘kiriyacitþTI1’

77

sm|dicänñcitþ 2dYg

eZIVsm|dicänñkic©

10

eZVIsnIþrNkic©

11

menaTVaravC¢n citþ 1dYg

eZVIevadðvnkicV nigGavC¢nkic©

12

hsitub|aTcitþ 1dYg

eZVICvnkic©

13

eZVItTalm¬Nkic©

14

óebk¡asnIþrNcitþ2dYg

nig

esamnsSsnþIrþ Ncitþ1dYg ‘kiriyacitþTI2’

‘kiriyacitþTI3’

óebk¡asnIþrNcitþ2dYg

nig

esamnsSsnþIrNcitþ1dYg

TVarrbs´Gehtukcitþ 18

1-ck¡úviBa¦aN 2dYg

GaRs&yekIttamck¡úTVar

2-esatviBa¦aN 2dYg

GaRs&yekIttamesatTVar

4-CivØaviBa¦aN 2dYg

GaRs&yekIttamCivØaTVar

3-XanviBa¦aN 2dYg

5-kayviBa¦aN 2dYg 6-bB©aTVaravC¢ncitþ 1dYg 7-sm|dicänñcitþ 2dYg 8-menaTVaravC¢ncitþ 1dYg 9-snIþrNcitþ 3dYg

GaRs&yekIttamXanTVar

GaRs&yekIttamkayTVar GaRs&yekIttambB©aTVar GaRs&yekIttamTVarTaMg 6

10-hsitub|aTcitþ 1dYg vtæúrbs´Gehtukcitþ 18

1-ck¡úviBa¦aN

2dYg

GaRs&yekItRtg´ ck¡úvtæú

2-esatviBa¦aN

2dYg

GaRs&yekItRtg´ esatvtæú

3-XanviBa¦aN

2dYg

GaRs&yekItRtg´ Xanvtæú

78

4-CivØaviBa¦aN

5-kayviBa¦aN

6-sm|dicänñcitþ

2dYg

GaRs&yekItRtg´ CivØavtæú

2dYg

GaRs&yekItRtg´ kayvtæú

2dYg

GaRs&yekIRtg´ hTyvtæú

7-snIþrNcitþ 3dYg 8-bBa©TVaravC¢ncitþ 1dYg

GaRs&yekItRtg´hTyvtæú

9-menaTVaravC¢ncitþ 1dYg 10-hsitub|aTcitþ 1dYg Gehtukcitþ18 CaviBa¦aNZatu7

TVibBa©viBa¦aN10dYg CaviBa¦aNZatu5dYg sm|dicänñcitþ2dYg bBa©TVaravC¢ncitþ

1dYg CamenaZatu1.

snIþrNcitþ3dYg

menaviBa¦aNZatu1.

1-edayCati 2-edayPUmi

menaTVaravC¢ncitþ1dYg

hsitub|aTcitþ1dYg

Ca

cMENkGehtukcitþ 18 edayn&yepSg> Cavi:kCati15 kiriyaCati3 CakamavcrPUmi 18dYg

*Gehtukcitþ18 ekItkñúgPUmidUecñH KW ;

-XanviBa¦aN2 CivØaviBa¦aN2 kayviBa¦aN2 ekItkñúgkamPUmi11.

-ck¡úviBa¦aN2

esatviBa¦aN2

bBa©TVaravC¢n1

ekIt:n26PUmi KW kamPUmi 11 rUbPUmi 15.

sm|dicänñ;2

snIþrN;3

-menaTVaravC¢ncitþ ekIt:n 30PUmi

-hsitub|aTcitþ1dYg ekIt:n22PUmi KW ; kamsuKtiPUmi7 nigrUbPUmi15 3-edayevTna CasuxevTna1 Tuk¡evTna 1 CaesamnsS2 óebk¡a14 4-edayehtu

Canehtu nigCaGehtukcitþ 18dYg

79

5-edaysg¡ar

seRg<aHCaGsg¡arikTaMg 18dYg

6-edaysm|yutþ

Cavib|yutþTaMg 18dYg

8-edayQan

CaGQancitþTaMg 18dYg

7-edayesaPN; 9-edayelakiy;

10-edaykic©

CaGesaPN;citþTaMg 18dYg

CaelakiyTaMg 18dYg

Gehtukcitþ 18 eZIV:n 14kic©

11-edayGarmµN¾

Gehtukcitþ 18 TTYlGarmµN¾:n 6

13-edayvtæú

Gehtukcitþ 18 ekItRtg´vtæú :n6

12-edayTVar

Gehtukcitþ 18 ekIt:n 6TVar

14-edayviBa¦aNZatu Gehtukcitþ 18 CaviBa¦aNZatu7. ‘cb´Gehtukcitþ 18dYg

1-Gehtukcitþ18dYg

nwgeKal

énRBHBuTÆsasna

bBaØakñúgGehtukcitþ 18

CacitþEdlminmanehtu EdleBalza

²eyZmµa

Zm(TaMg2 manehtuCaEdnekIt .l. eTAehIyß/ *minTas´eT

sm|yutþehtu

eRBaHBaküza

KWminmanelaP;

ebIGBa¢awgeT

ehtub|Pva³

nwgminTas´

EdlERbza

GehtukcitþenaHsMedAdl´citþEdlminman

eTas;

emah;

GelaP;

GeTas;

Gemah;

etIxusBIsehtukcitþ

‘citþEdl

cMENksehtukcitþ

Cacitþman

ekItrYmCamYy min:nsMedAdl´ehtuoekIteLIg EdlehAza ób|tiþehtu Kw ehtu

EdloekIteLIgenaHeT. 2-Gehtukcitþ

‘citþEdlminmanehtuRbkb’

manehtuRbkb’ ya¨gNa/

*epSgxusKñaRtg´GehtukcitþmankmøaMgexSay

kMlaMgxøaMgdUcedImeQIEdlminman#sEkv maMk*rEmgxusKñadUecñaHEdr.

80

nwgedImeQIEdlman#sEkv

esckIþrwg

3-kñúgGehtukcitþ manBaküza citþnigviBa¦aN. BaküzacitþnigviBa¦aN epSg

Kñaya¨gNa/ enaH

*ebIniyayedaylk¡N;dUcKña

KWCaZmµCatidwgGarmµN¾.

elakehARtg´citþEdlekIttamTVar

ck¡úviBa¦aNCaedIm

.

cMENkBaküza

EdlehAzaviBa¦aN

dUccitþEdlekItRtg´ck¡úTVar

citþenaH

k*ehAza

elakeRbICaTUeTAkñúgkardwgGarmµN¾

dUc:lIza viC¢annlk¡NM citþM citþmankardwgGarmµN¾ Calk¡N;. 4-eRBaHehtuGIV Gehtukcitþ18dYg eTIbman 3BYk/

*eRBaHGehtucitþ18

man3BYk

Caplrbs´Gkuslkmµ 1BYk.

KW

Gkuslvi:kcitþ7dYg

EdlekIteLIg

Gehtukkuslvi:kcitþ8dYg ekItBIkuslkmµ 1BYk nigGehtukkiriyacitþ3dYg

minEmnCacitþEdlCaGkusl 1BYk.

5-Gehtukcitþ18dYg

kusl

nigvi:k

KWCacitþ

kalebIEckedayviBa¦aNZatu7

GaRs&yekItdwgGarmµN¾epSgKñaya¨gNa/

*viBa¦aNZatuTaMgenaH

RKan´EtCakareZIVb¨ueNÑaH

manTIGaRs&yekItepSgKña

etIcitþenaHmanTI

nigdwgGarmµN¾ticeRcInCagKña

epSgKñaEdr KW viBa¦aNZatu5 GaRs&ybsaTTaMg5 menaZatu1 GaRs&yhTyvtæú menaviBa¦aNZatu1 GaRs&yhTyvtæú. cMENkkardwgGarmµN¾epSgKña KW viBa¦aNZatu dwgGarmµN¾:ntic

menaZatudwgGarmµN¾:neRcInCagviBa¦aNZatu

dwgGarmµN¾:neRcInbMput. 6-eRBaHehtuGIV

Gkuslvi:kcitþ

dUcBaküza Gehtukkuslvi:kcitþ/ *eRBaHplrbs´GkuslenaH

manTaMg

Gehtukcitþ

minehAzaGehtukGkuslvi:kcitþ

CaGehtukcitþEtmüa¨g

nigTaMgsehtukcitþ.

81

cMENkplrbs´kusl

edIm|InwgEckplrbs´kuslenaH>

odac´BIKña eTIbelakeRbIBaküza Gehtukkuslvi:k. 7-kñúgGehtukcitþ 18dYgmanevTnaGIVxøH/

menaviBa¦aNZatu

*manóebk¡aevTna14 manTuk¡evTna1 suxevTna1 esamnsSevTna2. 8-Gehtukcitþ18dYg manóebk¡aevTna14dYg ekItrYmnwgcitþGIVxøH/ *óebk¡aevTna14

kayviBa¦aN2’

ekItnwgGehtukcitþ

sm|dicänñcitþ2dYg

menaTVaravC¢ncitþ1dYg. 9-eRBaHehtuGIV

14dYg

KW

TiVbBa©viBa¦aN8dYg

óebk¡asnIþrNcitþ2dYg

snIþrNcitþEpñkkuslvi:k

‘ev[r

bBa©TVaravC¢ncitþ1dYg

RbkbnwgevTna2

KW

óebk¡a

nigesamnsS cMENksnIþrNcitþEpñkGkuslvi:k RbkbEtnwgóebk¡ab¨ueNÑaH/ *BIeRBaHvi:kcitþEdleZIVsnIþrNkic©epSgKña

KW

snIþrNcitþEpñkkuslvi:k

eZIVkic©BicarNaGarmµN¾EdllÁd*ya¨géRkElg ‘Gti«dðarmµN¾’ nigGarmµN¾lÁmZüm ‘«dðarmµN¾’.

cMENksnIþrNcitþEpñkGkuslvi:kenaH

mankarBicarNaGarmµN¾

minlÁ ‘GnidðarmµN¾’ Etmüa¨gminmanGti«dðarmµN¾eT.

10-kayviBa¦aNkuslvi:kenaH minekItRBmnigesamnsSevTna eRBaHehtuGIV/

*eRBaHsuxevTna CaevTnatampøvÚ kay ÉesamnsSevTna CaevTnatampøÚvcitþ. 11-vi:kEdlekItBIelaP;

oekItkñúgG:yPUmi. Gnnþriykmµ

eTas;

CaehtuZán´xøH

ehtuepSgKñaPUmiEdlekItk*epSgKña

etIedayehtuNaeTIbza

Gkusl vi:kcitþEtmüa¨g/

citþEdleZIVkic©bdisniÆ

*eRBaHóebk¡asnIþrNGkuslvi:kenH

TaMgGs´

nigemah;

minzakmµenaHCakmµZán´

ßRsaleLIy

EtgEteXIjrUb

b¨HBal´epadðBV; EdlCaGnidað rmµN¾TaMgGs´ß/

xøHk*rhUtdl´

Ca

zaCaóebk¡asnIþrN

mannaTIeZIVbdisniÆkic©kñúgG:yPUmi eRb[bdUcvtæúmanTMgn´

RsalkIþ kalNaZøak´cuHk*RtUvEtZøak´cuHmkdl´ EpndIdUecñaH. 12-stVekItkñúgnrk

RsalxøH

»sMelg

ZMukøin

eTaHZán´kIþ

liTÆPøk´rs

*stVnrkTaMgenaH EtgTTYlEtplrbs´Gkuslkmµb¨ueNÑaH b¨uEnþmaneBlxøH

RKaxøHck¡úviBa¦aNkuslvi:kCaedIm dUcKñamYy

rbs´BYkstVnrkTaMgenaH

eBlRBHemaK<løanezr;cuHeTAeR:sstVnrk

82

EtekIt:nEdr

:nnimitþnUvp,abTumkñúgnrk

Kg´enAelIRtbkp,asMEdgZmµkzadl´BYkstVnrk

eBlenaHckú¡viBa¦aNsuTÆswgCa

kuslvi:kk*ekIteLIgeRBaHeXIjRBHezr;. eBl»sMelg esatviBa¦aNkuslvi:k

k*ekIteLIg

eBl:nZMukøincIvIr

éRBeQIcnÞn¾’

rbs´elak

XanviBa¦aNkuslvi:k

‘mankøincnÞn¾

k*ekIteLIg.

eRBaHelakGaRs&ykñúg

eBlelakbNþaloZøak´

ePø{grMlt´ePøIgnrk stVTaMgenaH:neRkbpwkTwk CIvØaviBa¦aNkuslvi:kk*ekIteLIg.

eBlbNþaloxül´reh[k>bk´mk kayviBa¦aNkuslvi:kk*ekIteLIg.

13-BYknaK BYkRKuDkIþ BYkvimanikeRbtkIþ BYkesH dMrImg<lrbs´esþccRkBtiþkIþ

suTÆEtrs´enARsYl

sIuRsYl

eZIVbdisnÆikic© oekItmk/ *Gkuslvi:kcitþ

EzmTaMgman#TiÆ

eZIVbdisnÆikic©oekItmk

manGMNaceRcIn

b¨uEnþBYkxøHmankarrs´enARsYl

sIuRsYl k¾eRBaHCaplrbs´kuslkmµoplkñúgbvtiþkal. 14-bBa©TVaravC¢ncitþ

GehtukkiriyadUcKña eTIbCamenaZatu

nigmenaTVaravC¢n;citþTaMg2dYgenaH

eZIVGavC¢nkic©dUcKña

dwgGarmµN¾tic

dwgGarmµN¾eRcInCagepSgKña/

eRBaHehtuGIV

cMENkmenaTVaravC¢ncitþ

*epSgKñaeRBaHbBa©TVaravC¢ncitþeZIVGavC¢nkic©

tambBa©TVarb¨ueNÑaH

minmannaTIdéTeT[teT.

BicarNaGarmµN¾tammenaTVar 15-bBa©TVaravC¢ncitþ

kñúgbBa©TVardUcKña

nigsm|dicänñcitþ

cuHehtuG/ IV

sm|dicänñcitþ2dYg Cavi:kcitþvij/ eRBaHGarmµN¾nwgvtæúxÞb´Kña

KW

CamenaviBa¦aNZatu

eZIVkic©KW

kMnt´nUvGarmµN¾

nimYy>k*CamenaZatudUcKña eTIbCakiriyacitþ

nwkdl´GarmµN¾EdlmkxÞb´

min:nCaplrbs´kuslkmµ

83

bBa©TVaravC¢ncitþ

cMENkmenaTVaravC¢ncitþ

bB©aTVaravC¢ncitþ

*eRBaHbB©aTVaravC¢ncitþeZIVGavC¢nkic©

nimYy>k*Ca

KWBicarNaGarmµN¾Edlmkb¨HxÞb´

nigeZIVnaTIevadðvnkic©

tambBa©TVarpgEdr eTIbdwgGarmµN¾eRcInCag.

etIvi:kGIV

nigeZIVkic©

cMENkÉ

ekIteLIg

ßGkuslkmµBINaeT.

cMENksm|dicäncitþ2dYgenaH eLIgTTYlplrbs´kmµ.

16-menaTVaravC¢ncitþ

k*epSgKña

naTIk*epSgKña

Caplvi:krbs´kuslkmµ maneQµaHmüa¨geT[tza

nigGkuslkmµekIt

evadðvncitþ

dUcKñaRtwmEtCabc©&yoCvncitþekItb¨ueNÑaH

eTIb:nCaeBalza CacitþEtmYydYg. *karEdlcitþ2dYgenHepSgKña

eRBaHmankic©naTIepSgKña

kalebIeQµaH

cuHehtuNa

KWmenaTVaravC¢ncitþeZIV

GavC¢nkic©tammenaTVar evadðvncitþ eZIVevadðvnkic©tambBa©TVar. cMENkRtg´Edlzacitþ 2dYgenH CacitþEtmYydYgenaH k*eRBaHmanectsikRbkbesµIKña nigCakiriyacitþdUcKña.

17-Gehtukcitþ minmanehtuRbkb mankmøaMgexSay mindUcCasehtukcitþ

EdlmankmøaMgxøaMgCageT

b¨uEnþmenaTVaravC¢ncitþ

minekItkñúgGsBa¦IstþRBhµnigmK<buK<leT

ekIt:nRKb´PUmi

ekIt:nRKb´buK<l

EdlCaGehtukkiriyacitþenaH

eRkABIenaH

menaTVaravC¢ncitþEtg

ekIt:nRKb´TVar

TTYl:nRKb´GarmµN¾

nigRKb´kal etInwgzacitþdYgenH mankmøaMgexSaydUcemþc:n/ *citþdYgenH

CacitþTUlMTUlay

ekIt:neRcInCagcitþdéTdUcEdl:n

eBal

ehIy. elakehAmenaTVaravC¢ncitþenHza mhaKC; ‘dMrIZM’. kñúgGdðsalinI :neBal Tukza sPav;EdlminCaGarmµN¾rbs´citþenH min:nmaneT ehIy:neBaleT[tza citþEdl

minEmnCasBVBa¦útJ¦aN

EdlCakiriyacitþ elakeBalza

EtmanKtidUcsBVBa¦útJ¦aN

shKtedayóebk¡a

citþdYgenHmankmøaMgexSay

odl´Cvn;b¨ueNÑaH ehIyk*rlt´eTA.

KW

menaviBa¦aZatu

k*KWmenaTVaravC¢ncitþenaHÉg. eRBaHcitþdYgenHeZIVkic©

Rtg´Edl

RtwmEtCaGavC¢n;

18-hsitub|atcitþ CacitþjjwmjEjmrbs´RBHBuTÆ ßRBHGrhnþ eRBaHehtu

GIVeTIbeBalza hsitub|aTcitþ CaGesaPNcitþvij/ *hsitub|aTcitþ

Rbkb.

CaGesaPNcitþenaHsMedARtg´za

minmanesaPNectsik

19-hsncitþ KWcitþEdlrIkray ßesIc manb¨unµan GIVxøH/

84

*hsncitþ

man13dYg

KW

?

‘mhakuslesamnsS4dYg

elaPmUl

esamnsS4dYg mhakiriyaesamnsS4dYg nighsitub|aT1dYg’

1-buzuC¢n

esIcedaycitþ8dYg

elaPmUlesamnsScitþ4dYg. 2-RBHesk¡;

KW

esIcedaycitþ6dYg

mhakuslesamnsScitþ4dYg

KW

kuslesamnsScitþ4dYg

nigelaPmUlesamnsSTidiðvib|yutþcitþ2dYg.

3-RBHxINaRsBesIcedaycitþ5dYg KW hsitub|aTcitþ1dYg nigmha

kiriyaesamnsScitþ 4dYg.

20-RBHGrhnþjjwmedaymhakiriyaesamnsScitþ4dYg

etIehtuGIVeTIbRtUvjjwm edayhsitub|aTcitþeT[tenaH/ *mhakiriyacitþEdlCaesamnsSenaH

GarmµN¾

eXIjBN(

:ndl´GarmµN¾ZM esatviBa¦aN

tamRbRktImanGarmµN¾Ca

ßGarmµN¾EdldwgedaycitþZmµta

»sMelgCaedIm

eTIbCa GenaLarikGarmµN¾ KWGarmµN¾lÁit’. cMENkhsitub|aTcitþmanGarmµN¾

GPiBa¦acitþ ßedaybc©evk¡NBa¦aN.

k*:nEmneT OT|arik

dUcck¡úviBa¦aN

‘ev[rEtxN;eZIVnaTIRtg´bc©evk¡N;

CaGenaLarikGarmµN¾

dwg:neday

21-RBHGrhnþ eXIjeRbtEdlkMBugEteqHePøIg EdlCaGnidðarmµN¾ kareXIj

ya¨genHCavi:krbs´Gkuslkmµ ßkuslkmµ.

*kareXIjCaGnidðarmµN¾ CaGkuslvi:k eTaHCaRBHGrhnþeXIjk*eday nig

eXIjedayGPiBa¦acitþk*eday :neLIy.

k*minmanGñkNamYyGacEkvi:koCaya¨g

22-hisitub|aTcitþrbs´RBHGrhnþ manRKb´>PUmi ßRbkarNaEdr/

déT

hisitub|aTcitþrbs´RBHGrhnþ manenAkñúgkamPUmi rUbPUmi minmankñúgGrUbPUmi

eRBaHkñúgGrUbPUmiminmanrUb.

85

esaPNcitþ 59 ß 91dYg

eRkAGMBI:bcitþ‘Gkuslcitþ12’ nigGehtukcitþ 18 rYmCa 30dYg mancitþ 59dYg ß 91dYg EdlelakeBalzaCa esaPNcitþ . esaPNcitþ 4RbePT ;

esaPNcitþTaMgGs´EckCa 4RbePT KW ; 1-kamavcresaPNcitþ

24 dYg

3-GrU:vcresaPNcitþ

12 dYg

2-rU:vcresaPNcitþ

4-elakutþresaPNcitþ 8 ß

rYm; 59 ß

1-kamavcresaPNcitþ 24

15 dYg 40 dYg

91 dYg

kñúgkamavcresaPN 24enH EckecjCa 3RbePT KW; 1-kamavcrkusl

8 ‘mhakusl’

3-kamavcrkiriya

8 ‘mhakiriya’

2-kamavcrvi:k

8 ‘mhavi:k’

kamavcrkuslcitþ 8

1-esamnsSshKt jaNsm|yutþ Gsg¡arik citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS Rbkb edayjaN CaGsg¡arik 1. 2-esamnsSshKt jaNsm|yutþ ssg¡arik citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS

RbkbedayjaN Casg¡arik 1.

3-esamnsSshKt jaNvib|yutþ Gsg¡arik citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS

min RbkbedayjaN CaGsg¡arik 1.

4-esamnsSshKt jaNvib|yutþ ssg¡arik citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS

min RbkbedayjaN Cassg¡arik 1.

86

5-óebk¡ashKt

jaNsm|yutþ

Gsg¡arik

citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a

6-óebk¡ashKt

jaNsm|yutþ

ssg¡arik

citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a

Rbkbeday jaNCaGsg¡arik 1.

Rbkbeday jaNCassg¡arik 1.

7-óebk¡ashKt jaNvib|yutþ Gsg¡arik citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a minRbkb

edayjaNCaGsg¡arik 1.

8-óebk¡ashKt jaNvib|yutþ ssg¡arik citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a minRbkb

edayjaNCassg¡arik 1.

citþ8dYgenH eQµaHza sehtukkamvcrkuslcitþ ßehAza kamavcrkuslcitþ

ßehAza mhakuslcitþ.

taragkamavcrkuslcitþ 8 esamnsS

jaNsm|yutþ

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

jaNvib|yutþ

kamavcrkusl

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

citþ8dYg

jaNsm|yutþ

óebk¡a

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

jaNvib|yutþ

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

kamavcrkuslcitþ8dYgenH sMEdgedayesckIþepSgKña énevTna ‘karesayGarmµN¾’

énjaN ‘bBa¦a’ nigénsg¡ar ‘kartak´Etg’ esaPNcitþ KWCacitþGIV/

Baküza esaPNcitþenaH sMEdgdl´citþEdlmanesaPNectsikRbkb man

sTÆa sti hiri nigótþb|;CaedIm .

87

kuslcitþdYgTI1

GZib|aykamavcrkuslcitþ 8dYg

eBlNa

buK<lNamYy

GaRs&ynUvehtuénesamnsS

manesckIþsb|ayrIkray ‘maneTyüZm(eRcIn nigbdiK<ahk; GñkTTYl’ nUv smµaTidið CaxagedIm

‘KWeZIVedayesckIþeKarB’

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kñúgeBlenaH

citþrbs´buK<lenaH

CacitþshKt

sm|yutþedayjaN CaGsg¡arik. kuslcitþdYgTI2

CaxagedImTuk

eBlNabuK<leRtkGr

sb|ayrIkray

b¨uEnþcitþenArYjraedayesckIþCaGñkkMNaj´

ßRtUvGñkdéT

CYydwknaMeTIbeZIVbuNü.

edayesamnsS

kñúgeBlenaH

eZIVnUvsmµaTidið

‘KWmingayo’

citþrbs´buK<lenaHÉg

rEmgCacitþshKt edayesamnsS sm|yutþedayjaN Cassg¡arik. kuslcitþdYgTI3

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müa¨geT[t

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citþrbs´ekµgenaH CaGsg¡arikeT.

manesckIþeKarB

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ßk*rEmgsMBHPøam>.

CacitþshKtedaysaemnsS

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CYydas´et]nnaMza

ENkUncUro

citþshKtedayesamnsS dl´ekµgenaH .

cUrsMBHya¨genH

minRbkbedayjaN

kuslcitþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a4dYg

kñúgeBlNabuK<lNamYy

nUveTyüZm(ßbdiK<ahk;CaedIm

k*eZIVbdibtiþtam Cassg¡arik

kuslcitþ4dYgeRkayenH

minmanehtuoesamnsSekIteLIg eTIbeBlenaH

kñúgeBlenaH

EtgekIteLIg elakeBalza dUcminsMbUr

kuslcitþk*shKtedayóebk¡a

EtgekIteLIg. cMeBaHsm|yutþedayjaN nigsg¡arik mann&ydUcxagelI.

88

viZIrab´kuslcitþedayBisþar

kñúgGPiZmµtæsg<h;:lIdIka :nGZib|ayTukza ?

kemµn buBa¦vtæÚhi

eKacraZibtIhi

kmµ hInaTieta ecv

KeNyü nyekavieTati

GñkQøaskñúgn&y

Kb|Irab´citþTaMgLayedaybuB¦avtæú10

edayeKacr;KW

GarmµN¾6 edayGZibtI4 edaykmµ3 edaycitþCaezakTabCaedIm3 tamlMdab´. Kb|IRCabviZIrab´kuslcitþenaH ya´¨genHKW ?

1-mhakuslcitþ 8 KuNnwg buB¦akiriyavtæú10 × 80 dYg 2-mhakuslcitþ 80 KuNnwg GarmµN¾6 3-mhakuslcitþ480dYgenaH

CajaNvib|yutþ240dYg ya¨genaH.

EckCa2BYk

× 480 dYg KWCajaNsm|yutþ240dYg

citþvib|yutþcakjaN 240dYg KuNnwg GZibtI3 × 720dYg

citþsm|yutþnwgjaN 240dYg KuNnwg GZibtI4 × 960dYg rYmTaMg2BYk :n 1ç680dYg.

4-citþ 1ç680dYg KuNnwg kmµ3 ‘kaykmµCaedIm’ × 5040dYg . 5-citþ

KuNnwg citþ3ya¨g KWezakTab kNþal RbNIt ×

5ç040dYg

15ç120dYg. eT[t

kamavcrkuslcitþ EdlKNna:ndl´ 15ç120dYgenaH ebIsMEdgolÁiteTA dUcedaykal

nigedayeTs;

KNna:nya¨geRcInbMput.

‘KWkEnøgßRbeTs’

enaHTaMgGs´k*nwg

GZib|ayBaküzakusl kusl KWCaGI/ V

kusl kñúgGPiZmµtæviPavinI elakeZIVvieRKaHs&BÞTuk 3n&y ya¨genH ?

1-kucäiet :bZemµ slyniþ kem|niþ hwesniþ GbKemnIþti vakusNni.

89

ERbza eQµaHza kusl eRBaHGtæza kMcat´bg´nUv:bZm(EdlKYrex¬Im KWrEmg

júaMg:bZm(enaHojab´j&r ßzarEmgeb[teb[n ßrEmgoR:scakeTA ‘kamkusl mhK<tkuslelakutþrkusl edaylMdab´’. 2-kucäitakaern snþaen

qinÞnIþti kuslani.

syneta bvtþeta kussg¡aet

:bZemµ

lunniþ

ERbza eQµaHzakusl eRBaHGtæza kat´ KWRcUtnUv:bZm(TaMgLayEdleQµaH

zakus; eRBaHedkRtaMKWRbRBwtþkñúgsnþanedayGakard*KYrex¬Im.

3-kucäiet :bZemµ saneta tnukrNeta OsankrNetava kussg¡aetn

jaeNn

sTÆaTiZmµCaetn

bvetþtBVanIti kuslani. eQµaHzakusl

edayesckIþCashCat; ekIteLIgénZm(man

va

latBVani

eRBaHGtæza

shCatóbnisS&y

EdlbuK<lKb|Ikat´

nigóbnisS&ytamsmKYredayjaN

sTÆaCaedIm

ßoesIþg ßodac´Gs´Etmþg.

Paevn

yzarhM

KWKb|IoRbRBwtþeTA

ßzaedayesckIþ

eRBaHjaMug:bZm(EdlKYrex¬ImsÁb´enaHoRsal

kuslmanGtæ 5KW

1-GeraKütæ manGtæza minmaneraK KWminmankiels manraK; eTas; nigemah;CaedIm.

citþoTuBVlexSaykmøaMg.

EdleQµaHzaeraK

eRBaHedatcak´KWRbTUsþray

2-sunÞrtæ manGtæza CaZm(lÁsÁat KWCaRbeyaCn¾ óbtæmÖKaMRTedayBBYkstV

TaMgLay.

3-eqktæ manGtæza QøasRbsb´ vagévRsYcRsal 4-GnvC¢tæ manGtæza minmaneTasEdlKYrti;ed[l 5-suxvi:ktæ manGtæza manesckIþsuxCavi:k

90

Baküza buJ¦M ‘buNü’

Baküza bB¦aM ERbzabuNü eRbICMnYsBaküzakusl manvieRKaHs&BÞza ? Gtþena snþanM bunati esaeqtIti buBa¦M

ERbza ZmµCatiNa EtgCMrH KWjúaMgsnþan énxøÜnobrisuTÆ eRBaHehtuenaH Zmµ

CatienaHeQµaHzabuNü.

lk¡NaTictuk;rbs´kuslcitþ

1-GnvC¢suxvi:klk¡NM 2-GkuslviTÆMsnrsM 3-evaTanbc©úb|dðanM

mansuxvi:kEdlminmaneTasCalk¡N;

mankarkMcat´GkuslCakic©

mankarpUrpg´ CaGakarR:kd

4-eyaniesamnsikarbTdðanM Baküza

²kuslZm(mansuxvi:k³

maneyaniesamnsikar CaehtuCit minmaneTasCalk¡N;

KWCakuslZm(

EdloplCasuxtampøÚvkay ehAza kayiksux cMENkÉoplCasuxtampøÚvcitþ ehAza ectsiksux.

Baküza ²mankarkMcat´GkuslCanic³© KWxN;EdlkuslekIteLIgenaH rEmg

lHGkulsZm( KW elaP; eTas; emah; CaedIm edaybhan;3ya¨g Kweday tTg<bhan

‘lHmYyCYrxN;edayGg<enaH’

sg,inedayQansmabtiþ’ edayGriymK<’.

ßedayvik¡mÖnhan

ßedaysmuecäTbhan

‘lHedaysg,t´

‘lHedaykat´pþac´

Baküza ²mankarpUrpg´CaGkarR:kd³ KWkñúgxN;EdlkuslcitþekItenaH citþ

rEmgpUrpg´

R:scaknIvrN;

ekItrYmCamYyeT. Baküza

minmanelaP;

²maneyaniesamnsikarCaehtuCit³

eTas;

emah;

KWmankarBicarNa

CaedIm

edayRtUv

TMng edayRbéBminxuskñúgrUb‘BN(’ EdlkMBugR:kd kñúgsMelgEdlkMBugR:kd

91

kñúgkøin

kñúgrs

kñúgepadðBV;

enHCaedIménkuslZm(.

kñúgZm(EdlkMBugR:kd

eRBaHeyaniesamnsikar

lk¡NaTictuk;rbs´kuslcitþ ‘n&ymüa¨geT[t’

1-GnvC¢lk¡Nemv

mankarminmaneTasCalk¡N;

3-«dðvi:kbc©b|dðanM

manvi:kEdlCaTIR:zña CaGakarR:kd

2-evaTanPavrsM

mankarpUrpg´Canic©

4-yzavutþbTdðanemv

manehtuCitdUcEdl:neBalmkehIyenaH

Baküza ²kuslmankarminmaneTasCalk¡N;³ :ndl´lk¡N;TUeTArbs´

kuslenaHminmaneTasmindUcCalk¡N;rbs´kielseT.

Baküza ²mankarpUrpg´Cakic³© :ndl´sm|tiþrs KW kic©naTIenaHsMbUrehIy

eTIbeZIVopUrpg´kñúgxN;enaH.

esckIþepSgKña énn&yTaMg2

kñúglk¡NaTictuk;TaMg2n&yenaH n&yTI1 elakbMNgsMEdgBIplEdllÁén

kuslkmµEdlnwgekItkñúgGnaKtCalk¡N; esckIþsuxR:scakeTasrEmgekIteLIg dUcesckIþsuxekItBIelaPmUlcitþ. kalNakuslekIteLIg

éncitþCapl.

cMENkn&yTI2enaH

lk¡N;.

minEmnsMEdgesckIþsuxEdlmaneTaseT

nigsMEdgkarkMcat´GkuslzaCakic©

k*eZIVnaTIkMcat´GkuslTan´eBlPøam>

esckIþrsab´rsl´edaykiels1

EdleZIVoRkvl´Rkvay1

KW

nigsMEdgkarpUrpg´

elakbMNgsMEdgkuslcitþEdlekIteLIgkñúgbc©úb|nñCa

Calk¡N;TUeTArbs´kuslEdlRbkbedayGtæ3

eRBaHminmaneraK Qøas’

KWkalNakuslcitþekItehIy

eRBaHekItBIbBa¦aa

ebICakusljaNvib|yutþ

KW

eQµaHza

eRBaHminmaneTas

EdleQµaHzaekaslø;

k*minRbkbedayekaslø;.

92

kusl

KWkiels

‘PaBCaGñk

cMeBaHPav;

EdleZIVopUrpg´enaH sMEdgdl´sm|tiþrs KW naTIenaHsm|ÚN(ehIy eTIbeZIVopUrpg´

nigsMEdgdl´vi:krbs´kuslenaH

KWCaplKYrCaTIR:zña

CaTIeBjcitþ.

cMENkehtuCitoekItenaH RbRBwtþeTAkñúgeyaniesamnsikardUcKña.

kuslcitþnwgekIteLIg:n eRBaHeyaniesamnsikar ehIyeyaniesamnsikar

nwgekIteLIgRtUvGaRs&yehtuEdlCaGtIt

nigbc©úb|nñCabc©&ypgEdr.

kñúgGg<útþr

nikay ctukni:t ehAehtuEdleZIo V kuslekItenHza ck,;4 ‘ck,;KWsm|tiþ’. ck,; 4

1-bdirUbeTsvas;

enAkñúgRbeTsd*smKYr

3-GtþsmµabNiZi

taMgxøÜnTukedayRbéB

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PaBCaGñk:neZIVbuNüTukmkBIkñúgkalmun.

ck,;

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eRBaHkarrs´enAkñúgGavasßRbeTsd*smKYr

Cabc©&yoekIt manvtæúl> Á

dUcenATIkEnøgEdlmansb|úrs rEmgEtmankareXIj »CaedIm kñúgEpñkEdllÁ>. kñúgGdðkza

eBalza;

karrs´enAkñúgGavasEdlR:kdeTAedayBuTÆbris&T

ehAza bdirUbeTsvas; karesBKb´sb|úrs manRBHBuTÆCam©as´ CaedIm ehAza sb|úrisUbsMesv; GtþsmµabNiZi ktbuB¦ata.

kartaMgxøÜnTukedayRbéBkñúgKuNZm(

mansTÆaCaedIm

nigPaBCaGñkmankuslEdlsnSMTukkñúgkal

kñúgcMNuccugeRkayenH

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c

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oKb´rksb|úrs

buK<lRbkbedayck,;4enHehIy

eyaniesamnsikarekItEtb¨ueNÑaHeT.

buK<lenaH

minEmnCaehtuo

ck,;4enHEtgo:nvtæúRKb´ya¨gEdlCaTI

93

R:zñapg

manGg,r

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mandl´buK<lenaH. xøH

RTBü

ys

kitþiys

nigesckIþsuxCaedIm

mhakusl ßkamavcrkuslcitþenH EckCa8enaH k*eRBaHevTnaCaesamnsS óebk¡axøH

jaNxøH

sg¡arxøH.

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edIm|IoZm(TaMgenH

Cak´c|as´

ehtuoekItkuslesamnsS 6

1-esamnsSbdisnÆikta

bdisnÆiedaycitþesamnsS

3-visuTÆTidiÆta

mankareXIjRbéB CasmµaTidið

2-sTÆaBhulta

CaGñkmansTÆaeRcIn

4-GnisMsTsSavita

eXIjGanisgSénkusl

5-«dðarmµNsmaeyaeKa

Rbsb´nwg«dðarmµN¾

6-ksScibiLPaeva

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Etgmancitþ

minmanóbsK<raraMg

GñkbdisnÆikñúgelakenHedaykuslvi:kRbkbeday

rIkraymincUlcitþmanTuk¡eRcIn

EtgCaGñkeRcIneday esamnsS. buK<leRcIneTAedaysTaÆ

énkusl

tampøÚvEPñk

mankareXIjR:scakmniÞl

rEmgeZIVkusledaycitþesamnsS.

Rtec[kCaedIm

EtebImnsikarminlÁeT

eBleZIVkusl

EtgeRtkGreBjcitþ

esamnsS

ßGkuslkIþ

eXIjGanisgS

buK<lEdlRbsb´nwg«dðarmµN¾

kaleZIVkuslk*CaesamnsS

k*CaesamnsSénelaPmUlcitk* þ man.

kareZVIkuslRKb´

ya¨gminmanóbsK<ÉNamkraraMgeT k*CaehtuokuslekItRBm nwgesamnsS.

1-óebk¡abdisniÆkta 2-Gb|sTÆta

ehtuoekItkuslóebk¡a 6

bdisniÆedayóebk¡a mansTÆatic

94

3-GvisuTÆT idiðta

mankareXIjminbrisuTÆ

5-mCÄtþarmµNsmµaeyaeKa

Rbsb´nwgGarmµN¾ CamZüm

4-GanisMs GTsSavita

mineXIjGanisg¹énkusl

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1-bBa¦asMvtþnik

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ehtuekItkusljaNsm|yutþ 4 ‘n&yTI1’ kmµb|nisSyta

PaBCaGñkmanóbnisS&ykñúg

kareZIVkuslEdl RbRBwtþeTAedaybBa¦a dUckarsMEdgZm( karGaraZnaosMEdgZm( karbgØat´sil|viTüaEdlminmaneTas CaedIm. eb[n.

2-GBüabC¿elakUbbtiþta

karbUCanigkarzVayTantaMgesckIþR:zña

PaBCaGñkekIteLIgkñúgelakEdlminmankareb[t

3-«RniÞybri:kta

PaBCaGñkman«RniÞy¾cas´køa

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bB¦iaRniÞy¾CaRbZan.

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Edlman

edaytaMgxøÜnTukRbéB

dUccMerInvibsSna ßcMerInZmµvicysem¬aCÄg< EdlCaPav;qáaycakkiels.

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ehtuoekItkusljaNsm|yutþ 7 ‘n&yTI2’

2-vtæúvisTRkiyta

3-«RnIÞysmtþbdi:Tnta 4-Tub|Ba¦abuK<lbrivC¢na 5-bBa¦avnþbuK<lesvna

6-Km¬IrjaNcriybc©evk¡Na

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karsÁatTaMgkay TaMgcitþ nigTaMgvtæú man«RnIÞy5esµ> I Kña

eKcecjBImnusS manbBa¦aGaRkk´

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95

7-tTZimutþta PaBCaGñkbegÁancitþeTAkñúgjaNenaH.

1-bBa¦aGsMvtþnik

ehtuoekItjaNvib|yutþ 4 ‘n&yTI1’ kmµúb|nisSyta

edaybBa¦a

manóbnisS&ykñúgkmµ

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5-bBa¦avnþbuK<lbrivC¢na

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6-Km¬IrjaNcriya Gbc©evk¡Na minBicarNajaN criyaEdlRCaleRCA 7-GtTZimutþta

minbegÁancitþeTAkñúgjaNenaH ehtuoekItGsg¡arik 6

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bdisnÆiedaykmµEdl CaGsg¡arik

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Gt´Zn´cMeBaHekþA nigRtCak´CaedIm

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mankarCMnajkñúgkargarTaMgLay

2-kløkaycitþta

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eXIjRbeyaCn¾kñúgkargarEdlKb|IeZIV

96

6-ótuePaCnaTisb|aylaePa *kñúgvisuTiÆmK<

manGakas nigGaharlÁCaedIm.

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1-Gavas 2-eKacr 3-PsS; ‘karniyay kzavtæ1 ú 0’ 4-buK<l 5-ePaCn; 6-ótu

7-«riyabz.

kñúgviPavinIdIka eBalehtuoekItGsMxarik edayseg¡bza ;

1-Gavassb|ayaTi

kaynigcitþCaZmµCati sb|ay;CaedIm.

vesn

kaycitþanM

kløPavePa

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2-bueBV TanaTIsu ktbricytaTIhi eRBaHbuBVcriy CaedIm Zøab´kñúgkareZIVbuNü

manTanCaedIm kñúgkalmun.

cMENkehtuoekItssg¡arikcitþenaH

mann&ypÞúyBIn&yénGsg¡arik

manTMngEbbdUcEdl:neBalTukkñúgsg¡arePT kñúgelaPmUlcitþEdr.

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mhakusl2RbePT

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4dYg

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KW

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karEdlmhakuslcitþCajaNvib|yutþ

manGelaPehtu

nigGeTasehtu

ekItrYmCamYy GaRs&yedaykarZIVkuslNamYy mankaroTan rkSasIlCaedIm. karEdlkuslenaH> nwgekIteLIg:n k*eRBaHxN;enaHminmanelaP; minmaneTas; RbsinebIenAmanelaP;eT

k*lM:knwglHvtæúrbs´rbrrbs´eyIgoCaTan:nEdr

97

ßkMBugEteRkaZk*GBa¢wgEdr.

dUecñaHkuslcitþCajaNvib|yutþenH

EtGelaP; GeTas; b¨ueNÑaHekItrYmCamYy.

eTIbmanRtwm

cMENkÉmhakusljaNsm|yutþenaH RtUvmankuslectsik3RbePT ekIt

rYmCamYycitþ KW GelaPehtu GeTasehtu nigGemahehtu. kñúgkarnwgeZIVkusl Na>k*eday ebIRbkbedaybJ¦ak*rEmgCakuslRbesIrx¬s´bMput. ehtuoekItbBa¦a 3ya¨g

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CaedIm.

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98

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smµaTidið10

1-Gtæi TinñM

eXIjzaTanEdloehIy manpl

2-Gtæi yidðM

eXIjzakarbUCatUc manpl

3-Gtæi hutM

eXIjzakarbUCaZM manpl ‘bYgsYgsMu’

4-Gtæi suktTuk,tanM kmµanM plM vi:eka eXIjzaplvi:krbs´kmµlÁ nig

GaRkk´EdleZIVehIy man

5-Gtæi GyM elaeka

eXIjzaelakenH man

7-Gtæi mata

eXIjzamata manKuN

8-Gtæi bita

eXIjzabita manKuN

6-Gtæi bera elaeka

eXIjzaelakxagmux man

9-Gtæi stþa Ob:tika 10-

Gtiæ

elaek

eXIjzastVTaMgLayCaób:tik; man

smN

RBahµNa

smµK<ta

smµabdibnña

smNRBahµN¾TaMgLayEdleZIVoCak´c|as´edayR:zñad*ótþmedayxøÜnÉg

eXIjza

cMeBaH

elakenH nigelakxagmux ehIyGacnwgRbkas:n CaGñkRbRBwtþlÁ RbtibtiþlÁ man kñúgelakenH.

99

ectnakñúgmhakuslcitþ 8dYg

ectnakñúgmhakuslcitþ8enH sMEdg:nn&yBIr KW 1-edaykmµTVar3 nig 2-edaybuBa¦kiriyavtæú 10

1-mhakusledaykmµTVar3

-kaykmµ3 KWectnaev[rcak :Nati:t ectnaev[rcakGTinañ Tan ectnaev[r

cakkaemsumicäacar;.

-vcIkmµ4 KWectnaev[rcakmusavaT ectnaev[rcakbisuNavaT ectnaev[rcak

prusvaT ectnaev[rcak smöb|labvaT. -menakmµ3

KWGnPiCÄa

‘minKitrMéBkñúgvtæúrbs´GñkdéT

GBüa:T ‘minBüa:T’ smµaTidði ‘esckIþyl´eXIjRtUv’.

mkeZIVCarbs´xøÜn’

Gg<Zm(rbs´kuslkmµbz10

Gg<Zm(rbs´kuslkmµbz10 KW ?

-kaykmµ3

:ndl´ smµakmµnþectsik nigsmµaGaCIvectsik

-menakmµ 3

:ndl´ GnPiCÄa ‘GelaPectsik’

-vcIkmµ4

:ndl´ smµavacaectsik nigsmµaGaCIvectsik

GBüa:T ‘GeTasectsik’ smµaTidði ‘bBa¦aectsik’

*Pav;énkarev[rcak:b eQµaHza virtiectsik ‘smµavaca smµakmµnþ; smµaGa

CIv;’ ß ehAza virti. virti man 3RbePTKW ? sm|tiþvirti1 smaTanvirti1 estuXat

virti1 ‘GdðkzakUdTnþsURt sumg<lvilasinI’. sm|tiþvirti

:ndl´

karev[rcak:b

edayGZüaRs&yrbs´xøÜn

KWxøÜnmin:nTTYl nUvsik¡abTeT eBlnwgKitdl´Cati eKaRt RtkUl ßRbeTs CaedIm

100

rbs´xøÜnNamYy

za

:Nati:teTACaedIm. smµaTanvirti

kareZVIy¨agenHminsmKYrdl´eyIgeT

:ndl´

y¨agenHehIyk*mineZIV

karev[rcak:bedaysmaTansik¡abT

mansIl5

sIl8CaeIdIm za BIeBlenHeTA x\úMm©as´nwgev[rcakkarsMlab´stVCaedIm sUm|IeRJH ehtuénCIvitk*eday x\Múm©as´sUmsmaTankarev[rcak. estuXatvirti

KWsmuecäTvirti

edaymK<rbs´GriybuK<lTaMgLay.

1-Tanmy;

:ndl´

karev[rcak:bEdlsm|yutþ

2-mhakusl edaybuBa¦kiriyavtæú 10

2-sIlmy;

3-Pavnamy;

buNüsMercedayTan KWkarlHvtæo ú CaRbeyaCn¾GñkdéT buNüsMercedaysIl KW virtiTuc©ritkmµ

buNüsMercedaykarcMerInsmz; nigvibsSna

4-Gbcaynmy;

buNüsMercedaykareKarBzVaybg<McMeBaHGVIEdlKYreKarB

6-btiþTanmy;

buNüsMercedaykaróTiÞscMENkkuslodl´GñkdéT

5-evyüavc©my; GnuemaTna

buNüsMercedaykarCYyseRg<aHnUvkargarepSg>

7-btþanuemaTnamy; buNüsMercedaykarGnuemaTnakñúgkuslénGñkdéT

8-ZmµeTsnamy;

buNüsMercedaykarsMEdgZm(

10-TidðúCukmµ;

buNüsMercedaykareXIjRtUvRtg´tamZm(

9-ZmµsSvnmy;

bBa¦kiriyavtæú10enH

Tanmy;1

sIlmy;1

btþiTanmy;1

buNüsMercedaykarsþab´Zm(

kalebIeBaledayseg¡bk*manRtwm3b¨ueNÑaH

btþanuemaTnamy;1

Gbcaynmy;1

evyüavc©my;1

rYmTaMg3enHseRg<a;

KW

cUlkñúgTan.

rYmTaMg3enHseRg<aHcUlkñúgsIl.

Pavnamy;1 ZmµeTsnamy;1 ZmµsSavnmy;1 rYmTaMg3enHseRg<aHcUlkñúgPavna.

101

cMENk

TidúðCukmµenaH

seRg<aHcUlkñúgbuBa¦kiriyaTaMg3

KWRbRBwtþkñúgTank*:n

RbRBwtþkñúgsIlk*:n RbRBwtþkñúgPavnak*:n eRBaHebIKµanTidiðCukmµehIykuslenaH> k* rEmgminsm|ÚN(.

cMENkmhakusl8 Rbkbedayectna4

1-buBVectna

ectnamuneZIV

2-muBa©nectna

ectnakMBugeZIV

4-Gbrabrectna

ectnaeBlnwkdl´ks u lEdlxøÜn:neZIVyUryar

3-Gbrectna

mkehIy.

ectnaeBl:neZIVehIy

ectnakñúgmhakusl8

RbePTKW ?

1-ók,dðkuslM

EdlCa

tiehtukkusl

man2

kuslzñak´óRkidð

2-OmkkuslM

kuslzñak´rg

kñúgbNþakuslTaMg2RbePTenaH

muneZIV‘buBVectna’kIþ

nigTuehtukkusl

kMBugeZIV

mancitþminRbkbedayGkusl

kalbuK<loTanßrkSasIlCaedIm

‘muBa©nectna’kIþ

eZIVrYcehIy

KWmanectnabrisuTÆTaMg3kal.

‘Gbrectna’kIþ plénTankIþ

ßplénsIlkIþ rbs´GñkenaHeTaHCa tiehtukkusl ßTuehtukkuslk*eday k*cat´ Caók,dðkuslEdr.

manGkusllayLM

b¨uEnþebIbuBVectnakIþ

muB©anectnakIþ

KWmanectnaminbrisuTÆTaMg3kaleT.

tiehtukkusl ßTuehtukkuslk*eday k*cat´Ca Omkkusl. cMENkkusledayók,dð; nigOmk; 4 1-tiehtukkusl

2-tiehtukkusl

RbePT ók,dð;

RbePT Omk;

102

‘óRkidð’

‘zñak´rg’

GbrectnakIþ

kuslenaHeTaHCa

3-Tuehtukkusl

4-Tuehtukkusl

RbePT ók,dð;

‘óRkidð’

RbePT Omk;

‘zñak´rg’

cMENkkusledayók,dð; nigOmk; 8 1-tiehtukkusl

óRkidð ‘zñak´TI1’ ehAza

3-tiehtukkusl

Omk; ‘zñak´TI1’ ehAza

2-tiehtukkusl 4-tiehtukkusl 5-Tuehtukkusl 6-Tuehtukkusl 7-Tuehtukkusl 8-Tuehtukkusl

tiehtukók,dúðkdð,

óRkidð ‘zñak´rg’ ehAza

tiehtukók,edðamk;

Omk; zñak´rg’ ehAza

tiehtukOmekamk;

óRkidð ‘zñak´TI1’ ehAza

tiehtukOmkuk,d;ð Tuehtukók,dðúk,dð;

óRkidð ‘zñak´rg’ ehAza

Tuehtukók,edðamk;

Omk; ‘zñak´rg’ ehAza

TuehtukOmekamk;

Omk; ‘zñak´TI1’ ehAza

TuehtukOmkuk,dð;

PaBCakuslTaMg8RbkartamEdl:neBalmkenH

muBa©nectna

CaRbZan

ehAza tiehtukkusl. Tuehtukkusl.

KWxN;EdlmuB©anectnaekIteLIg

b¨uEnþebImuB©anectnaRbkbedayTuehtu

GaRs&yeday

ebIRbkbedaytiehtu kuslenaHk*ehAza

jaNsm|yutþ 4n&y

n&yTI1 tiehtukók,dðúk,dð;

n&yTI2 tiehtukók,edðamk;

buBVectna

lÁ

muB©anectna

lÁ

Gbrectna

lÁ

Gbrabrectna

lÁ

buBVectna

lÁ

muB©anectna

lÁ

Gbrectna

lÁ

Gbrabrectna

minlÁ

103

n&yTI3 tiehtukOmkuk,dð;

n&yTI4 tiehtukOmekamk;

buBVectna

lÁ

muB©anectna

lÁ

Gbrectna

lÁ

Gbrabrectna

minlÁ

buBVectna

lÁ

muB©anectna

lÁ

Gbrectna

minlÁ

Gbrabrectna

minlÁ

jaNvib|yutþ 4n&y n&yTI1 Tuehtukók,dðúk,dð;

n&yTI2 Tuehtukók,edðamk;

n&yTI3 TuehtukOmkuk,dð;

buBVectna

lÁ

muB©anectna

lÁ

Gbrectna

lÁ

Gbrabrectna

lÁ

buBVectna

lÁ

muB©anectna

lÁ

Gbrectna

lÁ

Gbrabrectna

minlÁ

buBVectna

lÁ

muB©anectna

lÁ

Gbrectna

minlÁ

Gbrabrectna

lÁ

104

n&yTI4 TuehtukOmekamk;

buBVectna

lÁ

muB©anectna

lÁ

Gbrectna

minlÁ

Gbrabrectna

minlÁ

cMENkGanisgStamn&yéntiehtuk;

n&yTI1

‘tiehtukók,dúðk,dð;’

CajaNsm|yutþRbePTlÁTI1

:nTTYlvi:k

16dYg KW mhavi:k8dYg nigGehtukkuslvi:k8dYg ehIymanGanisgSx¬s´bMput GacoekIt:nkñúgPUmimnusSnigeTvta sYK(sm|tiþ

TaMgRbkbedaybBa¦aGaceZIV

ehIybribUN(RBmedaymnusSsm|tiþ

mK<

pl

niBVan

nigQansmabtiþ

oekIteLIg:nkñúgbc©úb|nñCatienaH Edlcat´CabuK<lzñak´RbNItéRkElg manesckIþ suxtaMgBIekIt rhUtdl´cas´søab´. n&yTI2

vi:k16dYgdUcKña

‘tiehtukók,edðamk;’

CajaNsm|yutþRbePTlÁTI2

GacekIt:nkñúgPUmimnusSnigeTvta

eRkayminlÁ nigmanstibBa¦a.

b¨uEnþlÁminrhUt

:nTTYl

eBlCaxag

n&yTI3 ‘tiehtukómkuk,dð;’ CajaNsm|yutþRbePTrgTI1 :nTTYlvi:k12

dYg KW mhavi:kjaNvib|yutþ4dYg nigGehtukkuslvi:k8dYg GacekItkñúgPUmi mnusS nigeTvta. esckIþsuxkñúgkamKuNminsUvsm|ÚN(eLIgcuH> eBlekµgminlÁ eBleBjv&ylÁ eBlkNþamnusSlÁ eBlcas´minlÁ.

n&yTI 4 ‘tiehtukómekamk;’ CajaNsm|yutþRbePTrgTI2 :nTTYlvi:k

12dYgdUcKña GacekIt:nkñúgPUmimnusSnigeTvta. esckIþsuxminesµI sm|tiþticCag KW

eBlekµgminlÁ

ya¨genHCaedIm.

eBleBjv&ylÁ

eBlkNþalmnusSminlÁ

105

eBlcas´minlÁ

cMENkGanisgStamn&y énTuehtuk;

n&yTI1 ‘Tuehtukók,dðúk,dð;’ CajaNvib|yutþ RbePTlÁTI1 manvi:k12dYg KW

mhavi:kjaNvib|yutþ4dYg

ßeTvta

nigGehtukkuslvi:k8dYg

CabuK<lbribUN(edaysm|tiþ

b¨uEnþminGacnwgeZIVmK<

pl

EdlminRbkedaybBa¦a.

niBVan

GacekIt:nkñúgmnusS

manesckIþsuxrhUttaMgBIekItdl´søab´.

QansmabtiþoekIteLIg:neT

eRBaHCavi:k

n&yTI2 ‘Tuehtukók,edðamk;’ CajaNvib|yutþ RbePTlÁTI2 manvi:k12dYg

dUcn&yTI1

GacekIt:nkñúgPUmimnusSnigeTvta

manesckIþsuxrhUt

EteBlcas´minlÁ nigminGacjaMug mK< pl niBVan Qan smatiþoekIt:neT . n&yTI3

‘TuehtukOmkuk,dð;’

Gehtukkuslvi:k8dYgEtb¨ueNÑaH

manesckIþsuxticCagn&yTI2eT[t. n&yTI4

CajaNvib|yutþRbePTTabTI1

b¨uEnþGacekIt:nkñúgPUmimnusS

‘TuehtukOmekamk;’

man

nigeTvta:n

CamhakusljaNvib|yutþ

RbePTzñak´

TabbMput jaMugoGehtukkuslvi:k8dYg ekIt:nkñúgsuKtiPUmi KW kñúgPUmimnusS nigeTvtaCan´Tab.

CabuK<lCan´TabNas´

ßmindUecñaHeT

k*manstiminbribUN(

CamnusSq,ÜtláIeláI CamnusSKzøg´ xVak´xVinBikarmkBIkmeNIt EzmTaMgminGaccMerIn smznigvibsSna:nEdr.

plkñúgbdisnÆikal nigkñúgbvtþikal énmhakuslectna ectnaénmhakusljaNsm|yutþkIþ

jaNvib|yutþkIþ

kñúgsg<h;

manGZib|ayTukGMBIkaroplza ectnakñúgkareZIVkuslenaH ebIectnalÁkñúgkalTaMg 4

Cakuslzñak´ók,dðúk,dð;

enaHCakuslzñak´

GbrectnalÁ

ók,edðamk;.

ebIectnalÁkñúgkal3

EtGbrabrectnaminlÁ

RbsinebIbuBVectnaminlÁ

EtGbrabretnaminlÁ

enaHCakuslzñak´

muB©anectnalÁ

Omkuk,dð;.

EtebImuB©anectnalÁ ehIysl´BIenaHminlÁ enaHCakuslzñak´ Omekamk;.

106

karoplkñúgbdisnÆikal nigkñúgbvtiþkal :neJlTukza ?

1-tiehtukók,dðkusl

obdisnÆiCa

tiehtukvi:k

rEmgovi:k16 KWmhavi:k8 nigGehtukkuslvi:k8. 2-tiehtukOmk;

nigTuehtukók,dðkusl

ehIykñúgbvtiþkalrEmgovi:k12dYg ev[rtiehtukvi:k . 3-TuehtukOmk;

obdisnÆiCa

ehIykñúgbvtþikal

obdisnÆiCaTuehtukvi:k

Gehtukvi:kb¨ueNÑaH

ovi:k8 CaGehtukvi:k8dYgenaHÉg.

ehIykñúgbvtiþkal

naménkuslcitþ

kñúgkuslcitþ 8dYgenH ehA:neRcInya¨g maneQµaHdUcenHKW? -kamavcrkusl

-kamesaPNkusl -sehtukkusl -mhakusl

1-Baküza kamavcrkuslenaH sMKal´zakuslenH CaehtunwgjaMugopl

ekIt:n

RtwmEtkñúgkamPUmi

min:neLIy. oekIt:n

ßbuK<lx¬s´CagBIenH

müa¨geT[tedayehtuza

Etkamvi:kcitþb¨ueNÑaH

dUcCaRBhµbuK<lCaedIm

kuslcitþ8dYgenH

ehIynwgesckIþsux

k*GkusljaMug

k*:nRtwmEtGaRs&y

ekItGMBIkamarmµN¾b¨ueNÑaH eTIbehAcitþEdlCakuslTaMg8dYgenH zakamavcrkusl

ya´¨genHÉg.

2-BaküzakamesaPNkuslenaH

k*eRBaHehtuza

citþ8dYgenHRbkbeday

esaPNectsik eTIbehAcitþenHza kamesaPNkusl ya¨genHÉg. 3-Baküza

mYyehtuKW

sehtukkuslenaH

GelaPehtu

sehtukkuslya¨genH.

GeTasehtu

107

k*eRBaHehtuza

nigGemahehtu

citþ8dYgenHRbkbCa

eTIbehAcitþenHza

4-Baküza

mhakuslenHCakuslTUlMTUlayNas´

eRBaHedayehtuza

kuslcitþ8dYgenH GacekIt:nkñúgbuBa¦kiriyavtæú10 GacRbRBwtþ:nkñúgGarmµN¾TaMg6 tamTVarTaMg6

:nCakaykmµ

GacekIt:nkñúgbuK<lTaMg11BYk vcIkmµ

menakmµpg

dUc:neBalkñúgviZIrab´kuslcitþ 15120dYg .

1-edayCati

‘ev[rRBHGrhnþ’

TaMgCaezakTab

edayBisþarrYcehIy

3-edayevTna 4-edayehtu

5-edaysm|yutþ

CaCatikusl

CakamPUmi ‘ekIt:n30PUmi’

CaesamnsS4 nigóebk¡a4

Canehtu Casehtukcitþ 8 CajaNsm|yutþ 4 nig jaNvib|yutþ 4

6-edaysg¡ar

CaGsg¡arik 4 ssg¡arik 4

8-edayQan

CaGQankuslcitþ

10-edaykic©

CacitþeZIVCvnkic©

12-edayTVar

ekIt:nkñúgTVarTaMg 6

7-edayesaPN; 9-edayelakiy 11-edayGarmµN¾

CakamesaPNcitþ

CaelakIycitþ

dwgnUvGarmµN¾

ekIteLIgedayGaRs&yhTyvtæú

14-edayviBa¦aNZatu

CamenaviBa¦aNZatu .

‘cb´mhakuslcitþ 8’

108

RbNItpg

EdlKNna:ndl´

cMENkmhakuslcitþ 8 edayn&yepSg>

2-edayPUmi

13-edayvtæú

kNþal

nigGacRbRBwtþ

kamavcrvi:kcitþ 8

kamavcrkuslcitþ 8dYg Cabc©&yopl Casehtukvi:kcitþ 8dYg ehIyo

plCaGehtukkuslvi:kcitþ8dYgeT[t rYmCakuslvi:kcitþ16dYg b¨uEnþkaroplén

vi:kTaMg2RbePTenaH xusKñaKW ? 1dYg

bNþaGehtukkuslvi:k8enaH eZIVbdisnÆikic©kñúgmnusSPUmi1

Gehtukkuslvi:kcitþTaMg8dYg

manGehtukkuslvi:kóebk¡asnIþrNcitþ

kñúgcatumµharaCikaPUmi1

ehIykñúgbvtþikal

ekIteLIgTTYlplrbs´kuslkmµkñúgkamPUmi11

nigkñúgrUbPUmi15 ‘ev[rGsBa¦stþaPUmi’ tamsmKYrdl´TVarnigGarmµN¾. cMENksehtukvi:kcitþTaMg8dYgenaH

opl:nkñúgsuKtiPUmi7b¨ueNÑaH

jaMugplbdisnÆikic©kñúgbdisnÆikal nigCaPvg<kic© nigtTalm¬Nkic©kñúgbvtiþkal. Baküzavi:kmanvieRKaHza

minRbkb

nUvKñanigKñaeT

Zm(EdlCaplrbs´kusl

Zán´nigRsalk*minesµIKñaEdr.

KW

nigGkuslenaH

plénkuslCa«dðarmµN¾

plénGkusl CaGnidðarmµN¾.

kñúgGdðsalinI sMEdgpl2ya¨gKW ?

1-muxypl pledayRtg´ :ndl´Zm(EdlCavi:k KWcitþnigectsik ekIt

eLIgTTYlplénkmµEdl:neZIVTukmkehIy.

2-samBa¦pl :ndl´plEdlesµIKña EdlCapledayGm :ndl´kmµC¢rUb

manhTyrUbCaedIm EdlekItRBmnwgcitþ kñúgbdisnÆikal.

kñúgTIenH elakbMNgykmuxypl pledayRtg´ :ndl´mhavi:kcitþ8dYg

enaHÉg. dUc:lIEdlelakeBalTukza; 1-esamnsSshKt

jaNsm|yutþGsg¡arik

RbkbedayjaN CaGsg¡arik 1.

citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS

2-esamnsSshKt jaNsm|yutþ ssg¡arik citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS

RbkbedayjaN Cassg¡arik 1.

109

3-esamnsSshKt

jaNvib|yutþGsg¡arik

min RbkbedayjaN CaGsg¡arik 1.

citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS

4-esamnsSshKt jaNvib|yutþ ssg¡arik citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS

min RbkbedayjaN Cassg¡arik 1. 5-óebk¡ashKt

jaNsm|yutþ

Gsg¡arik

citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a

6-óebk¡ashKt

jaNsm|yutþ

ssg¡arik

citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a

RbkbedayjaN CaGsg¡arik 1.

Rbkbeday jaN Cassg¡arik 1.

7-óebk¡ashKt jaNvib|yutþ Gsg¡arik citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a minRbkb

edayjaN CaGsg¡arik 1.

8-óebk¡ashKt jaNvib|yutþ ssg¡arik citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a minRbkb

edayjaN Cassg¡arik 1.

mhavi:kepSgBImhakusl

KWmhakuslTaMgLaymaneRcInedaykmµ

‘kaykmµ

vcIkmµ

menakmµ’

edayTVar ‘TVar6’ edaykmµbz edaybuBa¦kiriyavtæú cMENkmhavi:k8enH minmaneT eRBaH mhavi:k8 oviBa¦tþiekItmin:n KWmineZIVovi:kekIteT[teT.

müa¨geT[tkruNa muTita virti3 KWsmµavaca smµakmµnþ; smµaGaCIv; rYmTaMg5

ya¨genH Camhakuslb¨ueNÑaH cMENkmhavi:k8 minmaneT eRBaHkruNa nigmuTita manstVCaGarmµN¾ nigeRBaHRBHmanRBHPaKRtas´za sik¡abT5 CakuslEtb¨ueNÑaH. vi:kZm(EdlCaGsg¡arik

Gsg¡arik

ehIynigvi:k

vi:kk*CaGsg¡arik

nigssg¡arikenaH

dUcnwgmhakusl

kuslCassg¡arik

énkuslEdlezakTabk*rEmgezakTab

kNþalk*rEmgRbNIt.

ehIykñúgvi:kTaMgenH

vi:kk*Cassg¡arik.

vi:kénkuslEdlCa

sUm|IZm(EdlCaGZibtITaMgLay

k*minmanEdr eRBaHmineZIVqnÞ;CaedIm o:nCaZur;ekIteLIgeLIy.

110

KWkuslCa

sæanEdloplénmhavi:k8 man4sæan

1-bdisnÆisæan

eZIVkic©bdisnÆi

2-Pvg<sæan

eZIVkic©rkSaPBCati

3-cutisæan

eZIVkic©XøatcakPB

4-tTalm¬Nsæan eZIVkic©TTYlGarmµN¾ tGMBICvn; etIvi:kTaMgenaHopl ya¨gdUcemþc/ vi:kTaMgenaH

buNüEdlCaTuehtuk;

oplkñúgbdisnÆisæanmun nigtiehtuk;

KWkñúgeBlkan´bdisnÆi

oekItkñúgBBYkmnusS

énGñkman

ßkñúgBBYkeTvta

Can´kamavcr;. dl´kalNabdisnÆirlt´eTAehIy k*oplCaPvg<sæankñúgbvtiþkal

rhUtGs´Gayuexyü60qñaMxøH exyüénstVkúg ñ PBPUmi

EdlmankMlaMgkñúgTVar6

80qñaMxøH

EdlxøÜnrs´enA KW

ß1Gseg¡yüxøH

tamsmKYr

oplCatTalm¬NsæankñúgGarmµN¾

TTYlGarmµN¾bnþBICvncitþ.

k*ekIt:ncMeBaHEtkñúgkamstV

EdlenAkñúgkamPUmib¨ueNÑaH.

kñúgmrNkalénPBEdlrs´enAenaH

enaHÉg eZIVcutikic©XøatcakPBenaH>.

dl´Gayu

KWmhavi:kcitþEtmYyRbePT

tTalm¬N;enH

oplCacutisæan

Edlkan´bdisnÆi

mhavi:kEckstVoepSgKña PUmi7

mhavi:k8dYgenH rEmgEckstVoRbRBwtþeTAtamkmµ KWbdisnÆi kñúgkamsuKti tamsmKYrdl´kMlaMgénmhakuslcitþenaH

CaekItenAkñúgPUmiCamYyKñak*eday. kiels

EtmYyb¨ueNÑaH

7kEnøgEdrKW ?

nigeZIVstVoepSgKña

ÉkarEdlkmµEckstVoepSg>KñaenaH

nigkMlaMgénsTÆaCaedImkñúgGtItkalenaHÉg. vi:kénTanenaH

1-GñkNamYyoTan

sUm|IeTaH

k*eRBaHEt

sUm|IEtkaroTan

k*enAEtEckstVoekItkñúgkEnøgepSg>

Kñadl´eTA

edaysg¹wmplNamYykñúgPBxagmuxmkvij

ehIy nwgeTAekItCaeTvtaCan´catumharaC.

111

søab´

2-GñkNamYyoTan

edayminsg¹wmpleT

edayKitza

karoTanCa

karRbRBwtþ GMeBIlÁsøab´ehIynwgeTAekItCaeTvtaCan´tavtwgS.

3-GñkNamYyoTan edayKitza CIdUnCItaEm¨ÓZøab´mkehIy dUecñHKYrEtbnþ

eTAeT[tkMuoGs´RbéBNI søab´ehIynwgeTAekItCaeTvtaCan´yama. 4-GñkNamYyoTan

edayemtþaR:zñanwgoGñkTTYlTanmanesckIþsux

minmankarlM:k søab´ehIynwgeTAekItCaeTvtaCan´tusit. 5-GñkNamYyoTan

edIm|IbdibtiþtamGñkR:C\

EdlelakoTanmk

BIkalmun søab´ehIynwgeTAekItCaeTvtaCan´nimµanrtI. 6-GñkNamYyoTan

edayeXIjza

oehIynwgeZIo V citþrIkrayesamnsS

7-GñkNamYyoTan

edIm|IlagCMrHcito þ pUrpg´

ekItesckIþRCHzøasøab´ehIynwgeTAekItCaeTvtaCan´brnimµitvsvtIþ. eTAekItkñúgRBhµelak.

*RBHsBVBa¦ÚeJZistVRKb´RBHGg<

:nQan

EtgbdisnÆi

søab´ehIynwg

edaymhavi:kcitþCa

esamnsS shKtijaNsm|yutþGsg¡ariktiehtuk;dYgmYyEtmüa¨g . kuslkmµoplepSgKña 7ya¨geT[t

kñúgmCÄimnikay óbribNÑask cULkmµviPg<sURt2 manesckIþza ? 1-manGayuEvg

eRBaHminsMlab´stV

3-mansm|úrzøa

eRBaHminmanesckIþeRkaZ

2-minsUvmaneraK 4-manskþiZM

eRBaHminRcENnminRbTUsþ

6-ekItkñúgRtkUlx¬g´x¬s´

eRBaHminrwgtÁwg minemIlgay eKarBrab´Gan

5-manePaKsm|tiþeRcIn 7-manbBa¦aeRcIn 2

eRBaHmineb[teb[nstV

eRBaHo:yTwk .l.

eRBaHcUleTArksmNsikSaZm(

cULkmµviP g<sURt bidkelx28 TMÇ 55-71

112

buBVehtuostVepSgKña 8ya¨g

kñúgGdðsalinI Gdðkzacitþúb|aTk&NÐ manesckIþza ?

1-kñúgxN;Rbkbkmµ

GeTasnigGemah;

buK<lNamanelaP;xøaMg

mankMlaMgxøaMg

eTas;nigemah;mankMlaMgexSay

kalNaekItedayGMNacbdisnÆiénkmµenaHopl

RbRktI manesckIþsuxeRcIn mineRkaZ nigmanbBa¦a. 2-kñúgxN;Rbkbkmµ

GeTas;

mankMlaMgexSay

GelaP;mankMlaMgexSay

buK<lNamanelaP;

buK<lenaH

ehIyEtgCaGñkelaPln´

nigmanGemah;xøaMg

nigeTas;xøaMg

CaGñkeRcInRbTUsþraypg b¨uEnþCaGñkmanbBa¦a.

Ca

GelaP;nig

emah;mankMlaMgexSay

3-kñúgxN;Rbkbkmµ buK<lNamanelaP; GeTas; emah; mankMlaMgxøaMg

eRkABIenH ‘GelaP; eTas; Gemah;’

mankMlaMgexSay buK<lenaHEtgCaGñkelaP

ln´pg CaGñklág´exøApg b¨uEnþCaGñkmanesckIþeRcInEtmineRkaZ.

4-kñúgxN;Rbkbkmµ buK<lNamanelaP; eTas; emah; mankMlaMgxøaMg

ehIyGelaP;

GeTas;

Gemah;mankMlaMgexSay

elaPln´pg CaGñkeRcInRbTUsþraypg nigCaGñklág´vegVgpg.

buK<lenaHEtgCaGñk

5-kñúgxN;Rbkbkmµ buK<lNamanGelaP; eTas; emah; mankMlaMgxøaMg

eRkABIenH

KWelaP;

minelaPln´

GeTas;

mankMlaMgexSay

buK<lenaHEtgCaGñk

sUm|Idl´eXIjGarmµN¾CaTiBVk*minjab´j&rEdr

RbTUsþray nigmanbBa¦aGn´. 6-kñúgxN;Rbkbkmµ

mankMlaMgxøaMg

Gemah;

eRkABIenH

buK<lNamanGelaP;

KWelaP;

eTas;

b¨uEnþCaGñkeRcIn

GeTas;

nigGemah;

nigemah;

mankMlaMgexSay

buK<lenaHEtgCaGñkminelaPln´ CaRbRktICaGñkmanesckIþsux EtCaGñklág´exøA.

7-kñúgxN;Rbkbkmµ buK<lNamanGelaP; eTas; nigGemah; mankMlaMg

xøaMg eRkABIenH KWelaP; GeTas; nigemah; mankMlaMgexSay buK<lenaHEtgCaGñk minelaPln´pg manbBa¦apg EtCaGñkeRcInRbTUsþray cgnUvesckIþeRkaZ.

113

8-kñúgxN;EdlRbkbkmµ

mankMlaMgxøaMg.

eRkABIenH

buK<lNamanGelaP;

KWelaP;

buK<lenaHEtgCaGñkminelaPln´

eTas;

GeTas;

nigemah;

mankMlaMgexSay

mineRcInedaykarRbTUsþray

nigmanbBa¦a.

Gemah;

cgkMhwg

buBVehtu ‘ehtuxagedIm’ tamEdleBalmkenH rEmgkMNt´ploR:kdeLIg

edIm|Ióbkar;GñkRbRBwtþ eTIbesckIþepSgKña énvi:kmaneRcIn. buK<lZmµtalM:k nwg dwg:nc|as´las´Nas´za kmµenHoplya¨genH ßplEbbenHekIt eRBaHkmµ y¨agenH ehIyplénkmµenH RBHmanRBHPaK:nRtas´za CaGcienþyü

KWehtuEdlbuK<lminKYrKit dUcEdlRBHGg<RTg´Rtas´TukkñúgGg<útþrnikay ctukni:t.

1-BuTÆviseya

Gcienþyüman 4 KW ?

BuTÆvis&y KWkarRbRBwtþeTAénRBHsBVBa¦útBa¦aN CaedIm

2-Qanviseya Qanvis&y KWQanGPiBa¦aénGñkmanßTiÆ

3-kmµvi:eka

kmµvi:k KWplénkmµ

4-elakcinþa RtiHriHer]gelak EpndI

mhasmuTÞ

TaMgLayCaedIm

dUcKitzaGñkNahñ

GñkNabeg,ItstVelak

beg,ItRBHcnÞ

sagPñMéRBeQI

RBHGaTitü ltavløi

karEdlkmµvi:k KWplénkmµTukrYcehIy EdlminmannrNamYynwgGacham

Xat´karoplénkmµenaH:neLIy ectna

ehIykmµenaHÉg

EdleZIVsmdUcBaküEdlRBHGg<Rtas´Tukza

ectyitVa

rEmgopltamsmKYrdl´

²ectnanM

Pik¡ev

kmµM

vTami

kmµM kerati kaeyn vacay mnsa³ ERbza mñalPik¡úTaMgLay tzaKt

eBalnUvectnazaCakmµ edaycitþ.

eRBaHedaytaMgcitþehIy

eTIbeZIVkmµedaykay

edayvaca

kñúgjaNviPg<Gdðkza eBalsPaBénbuK<lEdlbribUN(edaykmµCaedIm kñúg

smg<itaTuk 5Rbkar KW ?

114

1-GayUhnsmg<ita

EdlCaeRK}gRbmUlmk.

karbribUN(edaykmµCakusl

nigCaGkusl

2-ectnasmg<ita

karbribUN(edayectna 3

4-vi:ksmg<ita

karbribUN( énvi:kkñúgxN;énkaropl

3-kmµsmg<ita

karbribUN(énkmµ EdlKYrdl´vi:k

5-óbdðansmg<ita

karbribUN(énkarR:kd

KWedaykmµGarmµN¾

GarmµN¾ nigKtinimitþGarmµN¾NamYy kñúgevlaCitsøab´

1-edayCati

cMENkmhavi:k 8dYg edayn&yepSg>

2-edayPUmi

mhavi:k8 CaCativi:k

CakamPUmi ‘ekItkñúgkamsuKtiPUmi7’

3-edayevTna

CaesamnsS4 óebk¡a4

4-edayehtu

Canehtu nigCasehtukcitþ

6-edaysg¡ar

CaGsg¡arik4

8-edayQan

CaGQancitþ

5-edaysm|yutþ 7-edayesaPN; 9-edayelakiy 10-edaykic©

11-edayGarmµN¾

12-edayTVar 13-edayvtæú

14-edayviBa¦aN

kmµnimitþ

CajaNsm|yutþ4 jaNvib|yutþ4 ssg¡arik4

CaesaPNcitþ TaMg8dYg

Caelakiy;TaMg8dYg CacitþeZIVkic©4

KW

tTalm¬Nkic©1

bdisnÆikic©1

CacitþdwgGarmµN¾:nTaMg6TVar

Pvg<kic©1

Cacitþdwg:n6TVar nigedayminGaRs&yTVar

CacitþGaRs&ynUvhTyvtæú CamenaviBa¦aNZatu

115

cutikic©1

taragsehtukkamavcrvi:kcitþ 8dYg jaNsm|yutþ esamnsS

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

jaNvib|yutþ

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

mhavi:kcitþ8

jaNsm|yutþ

óebk¡a

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

jaNvib|yutþ

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

kamavcrvi:kman 23dYg

1-Gkuslvi:kcitþ

7dYg

3-sehtukkamavcrvi:kcitþ

8dYg

2-Gehtukkuslvi:kcitþ

rYm

8dYg

23dYg

*kñúgmhavi:k 8dYgenHehA:neRcInn&y dUcnigmhakuslpgEdrKW ? 1-kamavcrvi:k

2-kamesaPNvi:k 3-sehtukvi:k 4-mhavi:k 1-Baküza

kamavcrvi:kenaH

vcrkusl8dYgenaHCaehtu

sMedAdl´citþEdlCaplekIteLIg

ehIynwgekIteLIg:n

dUecñHehIyeTIbehAcitþ8dYgenH zaCakamavcrvi:k.

116

énkama

cMeBaHEtkñúgkamPUmib¨ueNÑaH

2-Baküza kamesaPNvi:kenaH KW

ectsik

ehIyCakamavcrcitþpg

kamesaPNvi:k. ehtuKW

3-Baküza

sehtukvi:kenaH

GelaPehtu

zaCasehtukvi:k. tam

4-Baküza

GeTasehtu

mhavi:kenaH

dUecñHehIyeTIbehAcitþ8dYgenH

eRBaHehtuzavi:kcitþ8dYg nigGemahehtu

eRBaHehtuza

cMnYnénmhakuslEdlKuNTukenaH

Camhavi:k

ehIymhavi:k8dYg

EdlCaehtuenaH.

vi:kcitþ8dYgenHRbkbedayesaPN

zaCa

enHRbkbCamYy

dUecñaHeTIbehAcitþ8dYgenH

Cavi:kEdlekIt:neRcInCaGenk

edayn&yenHÉgeTIbehAcitþ8dYgenH

k*cat´eTAtamRbePT

za

tamzñak´énmhakusl

‘cb´kamavcrvi:kcitþ’ mhakiriyacitþ 8dYg

mhakiriyacitþ ßkamavcrkiriyacitþenH minEmnCacitþkuslpg minEmnCacitþ

Gkuslpg

TaMgminEmnCacitþvi:kpg

Edlman2RbePTKW ?

KWCacitþGBüakt

KWRtwmEtCakareZIVb¨ueNÑaH

1-Gehtukkiriyacitþ 3dYg 2-sehtukkiriyacitþ 8dYg bNþaGBüaktTaMgenaH

Baküzakiriya:ndl´RtwmEteZIV.

BitNas´kñúg

kiriyacitþ 11dYg kiriyacitþNa mindl´PaBCaCvn;eT kiriyacitþenaH rEmgminman pldUcp,aeQIRCuH k*minmanplEdr

nigkiriyacitþNa

dl´PaBCaCvn;k*eday

dUcCap,aeQIEdledImmanßsdac´ehIy.

RtwmEtCakareZIVb¨ueNÑaH

kiriyacitþenaH

kiriyacitþTaMgenH

eRBaHRbRBwtþeTAedayGMNackarjaMugkic©enaH>

dUecñaHÉg eTIbRBHmanRBHPaKRBHGg< Rtas´zakiriya.

117

osMerc

kñúgGehtukkiriyacitþ3 nigkñúgsehtukkiriyacitþ8enaH Gehtukkiriyacitþ :n

eBalrYcmkehIy bnÞab´BIenHeTAnwgeBalGMBIsehtukkiriyacitþ8dYg. citþ8dYgenHCa citþosMerc kareZIV karniyay karKiténRBHGrhnþ CakiriyacitþEdldl´PaBCaCvn; esayGarmµN¾CaesamnsS

ßCaóebk¡a min CaehtuéntNØanigó:Tan minGaco

ekItplkñúgGnaKtkal:neLIy.

mhakiriyacitþenHmansPaBRbEhlnwgmhakusl KWcitþ8dYgenH ebIminekIt

nwgRBHGrhnþeTenaH k*KWCacitþmhakuslenaHÉg.

mhakiriyacitþ8dYg

1-esamnsSshKt

jaNsm|yutþ

Gsg¡arik

kiriyacitþ

2-esamnsSshKt

jaNsm|yutþ

ssg¡arik

kiriyacitþ

citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS RbkbedayjaN CaGsg¡arik 1. citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS RbkbedayjaN Cassg¡arik 1. 3-esamnsSshKt

jaNvib|yutþ

Gsg¡arik

kiriyacitþ

4-esamnsSshKt

jaNvib|yutþ

ssg¡arik

kiriyacitþ

citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS minRbkbedayjaN CaGsg¡arik 1. citþekItRBmnwgesamnsS minRbkbedayjaN Cassg¡arik 1.

5-óebk¡ashKt jaNsm|yutþ Gsg¡arik kiriyacitþ citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a RbkbedayjaN CaGsg¡arik 1. 6-óebk¡a

shKt

jaNsm|yutþ

ssg¡arik

citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a Rbkb edayjaN Cassg¡arik1.

kiriyacitþ

7-óebk¡a shKt jaNvib|yutþ Gsg¡arik kiriyacitþ citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a

minRbkb edayjaN CaGsg¡arik1. 8-óebk¡a

shKt

jaNvib|yutþ

ssg¡arik

citþekItRBmnwgóebk¡a minRbkb edayjaN Cassg¡arik 1.

118

kiriyacitþ

citþTaMg8dYgenHehAza sehtukkamavcrkiriya. taragmhakiriyacitþ 8 jaNsm|yutþ

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

esamnsS

jaNvib|yutþ

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

mhakiriyacitþ8

jaNsm|yutþ

óebk¡a

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

jaNvib|yutþ

Gsg¡arik 1 ssg¡arik 1

mhakiriyacitþ énRBHGrhnþ EdlekItRBmnwgesamnsSevTna EtgekItkñúgTVar

TaMg6. kñúgck¡úTVar

RBHxINaRsBkaleXIjTIkEnøgd*smKYr

dl´karbMeBjesckIþ

BüayamehIy EtgEtesamnsS edaymhakiriyacitþdYgenH. kñúgesatTVar enAeBl EdlPik¡úRtUvEckPNÐ; kalbuK<lelµaPLÚLaGU)Gr RBHGrhnþelakk*ekItesamnsS

edaycitþenHza ²tNØaCaehtuojab´j&rya¨genH eyIg:nlHehIy³. kñúgXanTVar eBlelakbUCaRBHectiy¾ edaycitþenH.

:nmkya¨gNa

edayeRK}gRkGUb

ßedayp,aeQI

k*esamnsSedaycitþenHza

²saraNIyZm(

‘KWZm(CaTItaMgénkar

edaycitþenHza

²vtþrbs´eyIgeBj

kñúgCivØaTVar

xINaRsBrMElknUvbiNÐ:t

elakk*esamnsS

RBmedayrsEdl

orlwkdl´’ eyIg:nbMeBjehIy³ ya¨genH. kñúgkayTVar RBHxINaRsBbMeBj nUvGPismacarikvtþCanic© bribUN(ehIy³

k*dl´nUvesamnsS

ya¨genH.

RBHxINaRsBEtgEt

Camunsin.

119

esamnsSkñúgbB©aTVarya¨genH

b¨uEnþkñúgmenaTVar

citþesamnsSrbs´RBHxINaRsB

EtgekIteLIgeRBaHR:rBÆ

er}gGtItnigGnaKt dUcRBHGg<RTg´rlwkdl´ehtu EdlRBHGg<RTg´:neZIVehIykal esayRBHCatiCaeCati:l CamXeTvraC CaedIm eTIbRBHGg<eZIVkarjjwmoR:kd EtkarrlwkenaHCakic©énbueBVnivasBa¦aN TaMg2enaH R:kdza

citþdYgenHrEmgekItrIkray.

nigmanRBHbec©kBuTÆ

nigsBVBa¦útBa¦aN

kñúgTIbMputénRBHjaN

kñúgGnaKtRBHGg<:n

mansMeLgdUcsMelgBiN

eZIVkarjjwmo

dUcsMelgsMePar

ya¨genH. ÉkarrlwkenaH k*Cakic©GnaKtgSjaN nigsBVBa¦útBa¦aN EtkñúgTIbMputén RBHjaNTaMgBIrenaH citþdYgenHrEmgrIkray.

mhakiriyacitþEdlekItRBmnwgóebk¡aevTnaenaH

elakBicarNaGarmµN¾

Edlmkb¨HxÞb´kñúgTVarTaMg6

RKaxøHk*RbkbedaybBa¦a

RKaxøHk*minRbkbedaybBa¦a

jab´j&rkñúgRbkarNa>eLIy.

dUcCaxN;Qr

edIrCaedIm

EtgEtR:kdkñúgxN;Edl

edayqLg<úebk¡a

müa¨geT[tmhakiriyacitþ

mincaM:c´bBa¦a

minmankar

rbs´RBHxINaRsBenaH

Rtg´EdlminRbkbedaybBa¦a

k*edIr

mhakiriya8dYgenH maneQµaHehA:neRcInya¨gKW ?

Gg<úy

edk:n

kñúg

1-kamavcrkiriya

2-kamesaPNkiriya 3-sehtukkiriya 4-mhakiriya

1-BaküzakamavcrkiriyaenaHKWCacitþ Edlminrab´bBa©ÚlkñúgRbePTcitþ Caehtu

nigCapleT

KWCacitþEdlRbRBwtþedayminmanplvij

ßzaCakmµEdlcat´enA

kñúgRbePTGehasikmµ. dUecñHkamavcrkkiriya eTIbminehAzaCakusl nigGkusl

ehIykiriyacitþdYgenH k*CacitþénRBHGrhnþ minmankñúgbuzuC¢neT EtCaCatikamavcr; eTIbehAza kamavcrkiriya.

2-BaküzakamesaPNkiriyaenaH k*eRBaHedaykmµkiriyacitþ citþdYgenH Rbkb

esaPNectsik ehtuenHeTIbehAza kamesaPNkiriya.

120

3-BaküzasehtukkiriyaenaH

k*eRBaHcitþ8dYgenHRbkbeday

GeTasehtu Gemahehtu dUecñHehIyeTIbehAza sehtukkiriya.

GelaPehtu

4-BaküzamhakiriyaenaH k*eRBaHehtuza eRcIneTAedayGarmµN¾ nigTVar dUc

nwgmhakuslEdr dUecñHeTIbehAzamhakiriya.

cMENkmhakiriya 8dYg edayn&yepSg>

1-edayCati

CaCatikiriya

2-edayPUmi

CakamPUmi ‘ekIt:n 26PUmi’

3-edayevTna

CaesamnsS 4 óebk¡a 4

5-edaysm|yutþ

CajaNsm|yutþ 4 jaNvib|yutþ 4

4-edayehtu

Canehtu nigsehtukcitþ

6-edaysg¡ar

CaGsg¡arik4 ssg¡arik 4

7-edayesaPN

CakamavcresaPNcitþ

9-edayelakiy

Caelakiycitþ

11-edayGarmµN¾

CacitþdwgnUvGarmµN¾ 6

12-edayTVar

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eRBaHGtæzaRtiHriH

KWelIknUvsm|yutþZm(

eLIgkan´GarmµN¾ eRb{bdUcCaGñkcUldl´RBHraCmNÐl :nGaRs&ymitþ :nTMnak´ TMngnwgRBHraCaya¨gNa citþGaRs&yvitk,; k*rEmgeLIgkan´GarmµN¾:ndUecñaHEdr. manBaküsYrza

GarmµN¾:ndUcemþceTA/ eqøIyza

ebIdUecñaHQancitþEdlminmanvitk,;

sUm|IQancitþEdlminmanvitk,;

edaykMlaMgénvitk,;enaHÉg eTAkan´RBHraCmNÐl:n

eRb{bdUcbuK<lenaH

k*rEmgeLIgkan´GarmµN¾:nEdr

sUm|Iev[rcakmitþenaH

eRBaHZøab´cUlehIyya¨gNa

k*rEmg eLIgkan´ GarmµN¾:nya¨genaHEdr.

etInwgGaceLIgkan´

k*GaccUl

QancitþEdlminmanvitk,;

EdleQµaHza Zøab´kñúgTIenH :ndl´karGb´rMcitþ EdlekIteLIgedayGMNacén

karRbRBwtþer]y> kñúgsnþanéncitþEdlmanvitk,;. müa¨geT[tcitþEdlminmanvitk,;TaMg

enH KWbB©aviBa¦aN sUm|Iminmanvitk,;k*rEmgb¨HxÞb´Kña nigQanmanTutiyCÄanCaedIm EtgeLIgkan´GarmµN¾:nedaykMlaMgkarcMerInQanzñak´Can´Tab.

132

vitk,;kñúgQanenH RbharnUvzInmiTÆnIvrN; edayvik¡mÖnbhan. 2-vicaera vicar;

vicars&BÞ manvcntæ; za GarmµNetn citMþ vicrtIti vicaera. Zm(EdleQµaH za

vicar; eRBaHGtæza CaehtuBicarNaGarmµN¾éncitþ.

vicar;enaHmanlk¡N;Rben[lnUvGarmµN¾ KWelakGZib|ayza CakarCab´bnþ

‘GnusnÆanta’.

bNþaZm(TaMg 2 enH vitk,; KWCakarRBmeRB{gdMbUgéncitþ eRb{bdUcCakareKaH

rKaMgdMbUg

edayGtæzaeRKatRKatCagvicar;

nigCaZm(eTAmunvicar;enaHÉg.

vicar; CakarRsavRCav eRb{bdUcsMeLgxÞrénrKaMgenaH. müa¨geT[t

vitk,;

KWCakarpSayeTA

KWCakarRtdréncitþ

eRb{bdUcCakar

cMENkvicar;mankarRbRBwtþeTAsáb´

mankarminRtdr

TTHsøabénstVEdlRtUvkarbMrugnwgehIreTA énPmrEdlmancitþRsgkøin éncitþeT[teTA

cMENk

nigeRb{bdUcCakarcuHsMedAcMeBaHp,abTum

eRb{bdUcCakarRtdagsøabénstV

nigeRb{bdUc CakarehIrRkLwgelIp,abTum énPmrdUecñaH.

EdlehaHehIrkñúgGakas

vicar; kñúgGg<QanenH RbharvicikicäanIvrN;. 3-bIti

bItis&BÞ manvcntæ; za binyti kaycitþM teb|ti veD¿tIti va bIti. ZmµCati

EdleQµaHza bIti eRBaHGtæza jaMugkay nigcitþoEqÁt orIkray ßzajaMugkay nig citþocMerIn.

bItienaH mankarEqÁtCalk¡N; :ndl´mankarTTYlGarmµN¾edayKYr ‘dl´

kaynigcitþ’ Calk¡N; KWeZIVkay nigcito þ eRtkGrman 5ya¨gKW ?

1-xuTÞkabIti esckIþeRtkGrtictYc RKaxøHk*RBWeramRBWEs|k RKaxøHk*hUrTwkEPñkk*man . 2-xNikabIti

esckIþeRtkGrmYyCYrxN; R:kddUcepøkbenÞar

133

3-Ok,niþkabIti bItiekItehIyeZIVkayoj&r R:kddUcCarlkTwk e:kxÞb´mkRtUv 4-óeBVg<abIti bItixøaMg GacjaMugkayoGENþteLIg

5-prNabIti bItieZIVoRtCak´RCYtRCabTUeTAkñúgkay dUcsMLICb´eday eRbglá.

bItiEdlCaGg<Qan k*KwprNabIti. bItienHGacRbharBüa:TnivrN;:n

edayvik¡mÖnbhan. cMENkbIti4ya¨gdéTeT[t minrab´zaCaGg<énQaneT eRBaHman

kMlaMgtic.

suxs&BÞkñúgGg<Qan

4-sux ‘esamnsSevTna’

manvcntæ;

za

sm|yutþZemµ

suxytIti

suxM

ZmµCatieQµaHzasux eRBaHGtæza jaMugsm|yutþZm(osb|ay. müa¨geT[t ZmµCati Na EtgTMBarsIusb|ay nigEtgkkay ‘KWbMpøaj’ GaBaZpøÚvcitþ eRBaHehtuenaH ZmµCatienaHeQµaHza sux.

Baküza ²sux³ enHCaeQµaHénesamnsSevTna EdlmankaresaynUvGarmµN¾

EdlCaTIR:zñaCalk¡N;.

suxKW esamnsSevTna kñúgGg<QanenH RbharnUvóTÆc©kuk,c©nIvrN;.

müa¨geT[t

bItinigsuxenH

mansPav;

kMNt´dwgnUvesckIþepSgKñaya¨genHKW ?

EdlCitRbhak´RbEhlKñaeRcIn

bIti :ndl´ esckIþeRtkGrkñúgkar:nnUv«dðarmµN¾. sux :ndl´ karesayrsén«dðarmµN¾Edl:nehIy. bIti mankñúgTINa suxk*mankñúgTIenaH.

sux mankñúgTINa kñúgTIenaHminBitza nwgmanbItieT. bIti seRg<aHcUlkñúg sg¡ark¡nÆ.

sux seRg<aHcUlkñúg evTnaxnÆ.

134

KYrKb|I

óbmabIti nigsux

bIti

eRb[bdUcCakñúgkrNIEdlbuK<len]yht´kNþalpøÚvknþþar

:neXIj

:n»sMelgTwkhUrkñúgéRBCaedIm ‘minTan´:npwk’ k*ekItbItirIkraycitþza eyIgnwg

:npwk

:nmuCCMrHragkayosb|ay.

ÉcMENksuxenaH

Edl:nRCkmøb´ :npwk :ngUtmuCtamsb|ay.

ÉkK<taéncitþenaH

manvcntæ;za

5- ÉkK<ta

nanalm¬viek¡:Paevn

ÉkM

eRb[bdUcbuK<l

GarmµN

GK<M

«msSati ÉkK<M citMþ tsS Paeva ÉkK<ta smaZi citþEdleQµaHza ÉkK< edayGtæza manGarmµN¾EtmYy

eRBaHminmankarraymaykñúgGarmµN¾epSg>

GarmµN¾ EtmYyenaHeQµaHza ÉkK<ta KWsmaZi. smaZi

eQµaHza

mankarminraymayCalk¡N;

TaMgLayraymayx©at´x©ay.

dUcCaRBHraCaemT&B

Pav;éncitþman

eRBaHminoshCatZm(

eTAkan´TIkEnøgkgT&Bcm|aMg

TahanTaMgenaH EtgRbCMuKñakuHkrRtg´kEnøgEdlRBHGg<yageTA TahanEtgRBmeRB{g kMcat´sRtUv nigEtgRBmRsbtamRBHraCa. müa¨geT[t

Calk¡N;

eQµaHzasmaZi

KWcitþtaMgmaMehIyCak´c|as´

mankarcUleTAsáb´

EtgeXIjtamesckIþBit

bNÐitKb|IRCabkartaMgenAéncitþ

dUecñaH.

manesckIþminrevIrvay

mankarRbmUlmknUvshCatZm(TaMgLaycUlCamYyKñaCars

dUcTwkeZIVkMeTclÁitoCab´KñaCadMu> CabTdðan.

KWÉkK<taéncitþenaH

Cabc©úb|dðan

CaBiess

‘kic©’

ßmanjaN

smaZimansux

dUckartaMgenAénGNþatRbTIbEdlsáb´xül´

ÉkK<taéncitþenH RbharnUvkamqnÞnIvrN;. smaZiman 3ya¨g

1-xNiksmaZi :ndl´ citþtaMgmaMenAkñúgGarmµN¾:nmYYyCYrxN;

135

2-óbcarsmaZi :ndl´ citþtaMgmaMenAkñúgGarmµN¾CitQancitþ

3-Gb|nasmaZi :ndl´ citþtaMgmaMENnkñúgGarmµN¾EdlkMNt´Tuk kiels minGaccUlrMxan:n. QancitþenaHrEmgekIteLIgedayGb|nasmaZienH.

n&ykñúgRBHGPiZmµ

RbePTénQancitþ

EckTukQanCa5

ehAzabB©akn&y

cMeBaHmnÞbuK<lEdl

manbBa¦adwgyWtyUr minGacBicarNaeXIjeTasénvitþk,; nigvicar;TaMg2enH:n kñúg xN;CamYyKñaQan5enaHKW ?

1-bfmCÄan manGg<5 KW vitk,; vicar; bIti sux ÉkK<ta. 2-TutiyCÄan manGg<4 KW vicar; bIti sux ÉkK<ta. 3-ttiyCÄan manGg<3 KW bIti sux ÉkK<ta. 4-ctutæCÄan manGg<2 KW sux ÉkK<ta.

5-bB©amCÄan manGg<2 KW óebk¡a ÉkK<ta. bfmCÄan

eQµaHza Qan eRBaHcUleTAsMlwgBicarNaGarmµN¾ nigeRBaHdutnUvZm( EdlCa

swksRtUv.

ehIyEdleQµaHza bfm ‘TI1’ eRBaHCaxagedImedaylMdab´ éneTsna

nigedaylMdab´énkarekIteLIg eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQµaHza bfmCÄan ‘QanTI1’ :ndl´

karRbCMuénGg<Qan

5

manvitk,;

nigvicar;CaedIm

dUckñúg

viPg<bkrN¾

RBHmanRBHPaKRtas´Tukza eQµaHza Qan :ndl´vitk,; vicar; bIti sux ÉkK<ta ya¨genH.

bfmCÄankuslcitþ

kuslcitþ sm|yutþedaybfmCÄan eQµaHza bfmCÄankuslcitþ.

manBaküsYrza eBlenaHsm|yutþZm(déTmanpsS;CaedImmanEdr eRBaHehtu

GIV eTIbRBHGg<Rtas´EtZm(5enHb¨ueNÑaH zaCaGg<Qan5.

136

elakeqøIyza eRBaHZm(5TaMgenHmankic© ‘KWnaTI’ sMlwgBicarNaGarmµN¾ nig

Cabdibk¡ edayRtg´cMeBaHkamqnÞnvI rN;CaedImKW ? 1-ÉkK<ta

Cabdibk¡nwg

kamqnÞ;

3-vitk,;

Cabdibk¡nwg

zInmiTÆ;

2-bIti

4-sux

5-vicar;

Cabdibk¡nwg

Büa:T

Cabdibk¡nwg

óTÆc©kuk,úc©;

Cabdibk¡nwg

vicikicäa

kñúgsartæbkasinI GdðkzasMyutþnikay mhavarvK< eBalkarlHnUvnIvrN; 5

Tukya¨genHKW ?

1-kamqnÞ;

lHbg´ecjedayZm(3KW;

edaytTg<nisSrN;

‘vibsSna’1

eday vik¡mÖnnisSrN; ‘GsuPQan’1 nigedaysmuecäTnisSrN ‘GrhtþmK<’1.

2-Büa:T lHbg´ecjedayZm(2 KWedayvik¡mÖnnisSrN; ‘GnaKamimK<’1.

‘GaelaksBa¦a’1

nigedaysmuecäTnisSrN; ‘GnaKamimk<’.

3-zInmiTÆ; lHbg´ecjedayZm(2 KWedayvik¡mÖnnisSrN; ‘GaelaksBa¦a’1

nigedaysmuecäTnisSrN;‘GrhtþmK<’.

4-óTÆc© kukú,c©; lHbg´ecjedayvik¡mÖnnisSrN; ‘smzkmµdðanNamYy’ nig

edaysmuecäTnisSrN; KWkuk,úc©;edayGnaKamimK.< ÉóTÆc©;edayGrhtþmK<. 5-vicikicäa

lHbg´ecjedayZm(2

Kwedayvik¡mÖnnisSrN;

nig edaysmuecäTnisSrN; ‘esatabtiþmK<’.

‘QanNamYy’

niyayGMBIsg¡arePT énGb|naQan

kñúgkuslQan KWrU:vcrkuslenH elakminkan´ykesckIþepSgKñaénQan

edayGsg¡arik nigssg¡arikeT dUckñúgGPiZmµtæviPavinI:lI eBalTukza.

minGacehAza Gsg¡arik eRBaHQanTaMgGs´ev[rcakkartak´EtgkñúgxagedImKW

brikmµ rEmgekIteLIgedayGMNackartaMgcitþdMbUg ‘GZikar’ Etmüa¨gmin:neT.

137

minGacehAza ssg¡arik eRBaHev[rcakkartaMgcitþdMbUgehIy ekIteLIgeday

kartak´Etg KWbrikmµEtmüa¨gb¨ueNÑaHmin:n.

b¨uEnþGacarüsm&yeRkay> seRg<aHCassg¡arik. Qan2y¨ag

1-GarmµNUbniCÄan

:ndl´smabtiþ 8.

2-lk¡uNUbniCÄan

:ndl´vibsSna mK< pl.

smabtiþ8 eQµaHza GarmµNUbniCÄan eRBaHkarsMlwgGarmµN¾EdlCaksiN

manbfvIksiNCaedIm. cMENkvibsSna eQµaHzalk¡NUbniCÄan eRBaHkarBicarNa

seg,tnUvlk¡N;manGnic©lk¡N;CaedIm. ÉmK<citþeQµaHza lk¡NUbniCÄan eRBaH kielsEdlvibsSnakMcat´ehIy

EtgsMercedaymK<.

cMENkÉplcitþ

eQµaHza

lk¡NUbniCÄan k*eRBaHsMlwgBicarNanUvlk¡N;EdlCasc©; KWnieraZsc©;.

QankñúgTIenH RbsgykCa GarmµNUbniCÄan. dUecñaHQanenHEdleQµaHza

Qan eRBaHcUleTAsMlwgGarmµN¾ ß eRBaHCaeRK}gduteralnUvbdibk¡Zm( ‘Zm(Edl

CasRtUvKñanwgKña’.

GarmµN¾EdlKYrcUleTAsMlwg

smzkmµdðanman40ya¨g.

1-ksiN

10

edIm|IeZIVcito þ sáb´caknIvrN;5

ehAza

smzkmµdðan 40ya¨g

KWbfvIksiN ‘dI’1

Gae:ksiN ‘Twk’1 eteCaksiN

‘ePøIg’1 vaeyaksiN ‘xül´’1 nIlksiN ‘BN(ex[v’ bItksiN ‘BN(el]g’1

elahitksIN ‘BN(Rkhm’ OTatksiN ‘BN(s’1 GakasksiN ‘Gakas’1 nig GaelakksiN ‘BnøW’. 2-GsuP 10 -óTÆúmattM

GsuPehIme:¨g

138

-vinIlkM

GsuPehImBN(ex[v

-vicäiTÞkM

GsuPdac´Bak´kNþalxøÜn

-vibuBVkM

GsuPehImhUrxÞú;

-vik¡ayitkM

GsuPstVkekrsÁúyrlYy

-htvik¡itþkM

GsuPeKkab´sñamrvam

-vik¡itþkM

-elahitkM -buLvukM

-GdiðkM

3-GnusSti 10 -BuTaÆnusSti

GsuPdac´éd dac´eCIg

GsuPQameRsaceBjxøÜn GsuPmandg,Úv

GsuPmanEtragqÁwg rMlwkdl´KuNRBHBuTÆ

-ZmµanusSti

rMlwkdl´KuNRBHZm(

-sg¹anusSti

rMlwkdl´KuNRBHsg¹

-sIlanusSti

rMlwkdl´KuNRBHsIl

-eTvtanusSti

rMlwkdl´KuNRBHeTvata

-mrNanusSti

rMlwkdl´esckIþsøab´

-Gana:nsSti

rMlwkdl´KuNxül´degØImecjcUl

-caKanusSti

-óbsmanusSti -kayKtsti

4-RBhµvihar 4

rMlwkdl´KuNRBHTan

rMlwkdl´KuNRBHniBVan

rMlwkdl´KuNragkayRbCMu edayGakarTaMg 32

-emtþa

esckIþrab´Gan

-muTita

esckIþGMNr nigesckIþsux

-kruNa -óebk¡a

esckIþGaNitGasUr

esckIþesµaHesµImin lMeG[g

139

5-GrUbQan 4

-GakasanBa©aytn; GakasminmanTIbMput -viBa¦aNBa©aytn; -GakiB©aBa¦aytn;

viBa¦aNminmanTIbMput

GIVtictYcminman

-envsBa¦anasBa¦aytn;

viBa¦aNlÁitRbNit éRkeBk

6-GahaerbdikUlsBa¦a1 esckIþsMKal´nUvGaharzaCarbs´KYrex¬ImreGIm. 7-ctuZatuvvdðan1 maneksaCaedIm.

karkMnt´EckZatu4

kñúgGarmµN¾kmµdðan40enH

manbfvIZatuCaedIm

edayssMPar;

GarmµN¾EdlnwgeZIo V :nsMercdl´

Gb|na

smaZi:n manRtwmEt30ya¨gb¨ueNÑaH Edlelak:neBalTukkñúgvisuTiÆmK<bfmPaK nUvsmzkmµdðan40 vinicä&yedayGakar; 10 ya¨gKW ? 1-edaysMEdgcMnYn

:ndl´smzkmµdðan40

KWksiN10

GsuP;10

GnusSti10 RBhµvihar4 GrUbQan 4 GahaerbdikUlsBa¦a1 ctuZatuvvdðan1. 2-edaynaMmknUvóbcar;

nigGb|na

KWkñúgkmµdðan40enaH

GnusSti8

‘ev[r

kayKtasti nigGna:nsSti’ GahaerbdikUlsBa¦a1 ctuZatuvvdðan1 rYmCa10enH CakmµdðannaMmk:nRtwmEtóbcarQan

‘óbcarsmaZi’

Gb|naQan ‘Gb|nasmaZi’.

eRkABIenHnaMmkdl´

3-edayRbePTénQan KWksiN10 Gana:nsSti1 cMerIn:ndl´ctutæCÄan

‘QanTI4’ edayctukn&y. GsuP10 kayKtasti1 cMerIn:ndl´RtwmEtbfmCÄan

‘QanTI1’ edayctukn&y. RBhµvihar3xagedIm cMerIn:ndl´ttiyCÄan ‘QanTI3’ edayctukn&y.

edayctukn&y.

RBhµviharTI4

4-edaykarknøg

nigknøgGarmµN¾1.

nigGrUbQan

:ndl´

karknøg2ya¨g

140

RbRBwtþeTAkñúgctutæCÄan KWknøgGg<Qan1

karknøgGg<QandUc TutiyCÄan ‘edayctukn&y’ knøgvitk,; vicar; CaedIm.

kñúgRBhµvihar4k*dUcKña RBhµviharCaedIm. kñúgRBhµvihar4 k*dUcKña RBhµviharTI4 k* knøgesamnsS. cMENkkarknøgGarmµN¾ EtgmankñúgGrUbQan4 KWGakasanBa©ay

tn;

knøgGarmµN¾kñúgksiN9

xagedImehIyeTIbsMerc:n

k*knøg GarmµN¾zñak´TabRbRBwtþeTAedaylMdab´.

GrUbQanzñak´x¬s´

5-edayKYrBRgIkßminKYrBRgIk KWksiN10KYrBRgIk ‘nimitþ’ Gana:nsSti1

kayKtasti1

ekItRbeyaCn¾.

GsuP10

6-edayGarmµN¾

RBhµvihar4

GrUbQan4

kñúgcMeNamkmµdðan40TaMgenH

minKYrBRgIk

kmµdðan22

eRBaHmin

KWksiN10

GsuP10 Gana:nsSti1 kayKtasti1 manGarmµN¾CabdiPaKnimitþ kmµdðan18 eT[tminmanGarmµN¾CabdiPaKnimitþeLIy.

7-edayPUmi :ndl´ kmµdðan12 KW GsuP10 kayKtasti1 Gahaerbdi

kUlsBa¦a1 minGacRbRBwtþkñúgBBYkeTvta:neT. kmµdðan 13 minRbRBwtþkñúgRBhµ elak KWkmµdðan12 EdleBalehIy nigGana:nsSti1.

kñúgGrUbPB manEt GrUb

kmµdðan4b¨ueNÑaH. ÉkñúgBYkmnusS EtgcMerInkmµdðan:nTaMgGs´.

8-edaykarkan´yk :ndl´ karkan´ykedayEPñkemIl edaykarb¨HxÞb´ nig

edaykarsþab´.

kñúg3ya¨genaH

kmµdðan19KWksiN9‘ev[rvaeyaksiN’

nigGsuP10 KWykedaykaremIleTIboekItnimitþ3 :n. kayKtastikan´yk:n edayEPñkemIl

nigedaykarsþab´KW

eRkABIenaHkan´ykedaykarsþab´. vaeyaksiN

kan´ykedaykaremIl

kan´ykedaykarsþab´.

Gana:nsSti

kan´ykedayEPñkemIl

nigedaykarb¨HxÞb´.

kmµdðan40enaH

RBHeyaKavcrCaGñkGaTikkmµik; eRkABIenaHeTIbKYrkan´yk.

tcbB©akkmµdðan

enAsl´

18eT[t

óebk¡aRBhµviharnigGrUbkmµdðan4

‘enAminTan´CMnaj’

141

kan´ykedaykarb¨HxÞb´

minKYrkan´ykeT

enAsl´35

9-edaybc©&y

:ndl´

ksiN9

‘ev[rGakasksiN’

Cabc©&ydl´

GrUbQan. ksiN10 Cabc©&ydl´GPiBa¦a. RBhµvihar3 Cabc©&ydl´RBhµvihaTI4 GrUbQan

Cabc©&ydl´

zñak´eRkam>

Cabc©&ydl´GrUbQanzñak´x¬s> ´

nieraZsmabtiþ.

Cabc©&ydl´suxvihar Pavsm|tIþnM’.

kmµdðanTaMgGs´

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytn;

‘TaMgsmz;

TaMgvibsSna’

nigPBsm|tiþ ‘:lIza; sBVanibi suxviharsS vibsSna

10-edaysmKYrdl´crit

manGZib|ayza

kñúgkmµdðan40enaH

kmµdðan11Kw

GsuP10 kayKtasti1 smKYrdl´buK<lCaraKcrit. kmµdðan8KW RBhµvihar4 vNÑ ksiN4 smKYrdl´buK<lCaeTascrit. Gana:nsStib¨ueNÑaH smKYrdl´buK<lCa

emahcrit nigbuK<lCavitk,crit. GnusSti6xagedIm smKYrdl´buK<lCasTÆacrit. kmµdðan4 KW ? mrNanusSti óbsmanusSti ctuZatuvvdðan; nigGahaerbdikUlsBa¦a

smKYrdl´buK<lCaBuTÆcrit. ksiNsl´BIenaH KWksiN6 ‘ev[rvNÑksiN4’ nig GrUbQan4 NamYy

smKYrdl´buK<lRKb´crit.

EdlCabritþarmµN¾

müa¨geT[tkñúgksiNTaMgLay

smKYrdl´buK<lCavitk,crit

EdlCaGb|maNarmµN¾ smKYrdl´buK<lemahcrit.

ksiN

nigksiNNamYy

karcMerInsmzPavna KWcMerInrUbQan RbkbedayGg<Qan5 manvitk,;CaedIm

enaH GacbBaÄb´nUvnIvrN;5 minoekIteLIg:neRBaHcitþtaMgENnkñúgGarmµN¾EtmYy rhUtdl´QancitþekIt.

eBlQancitþekItehIy

nUvnIvrN;5edayvik¡PÖnbhan. smaZi

Gg<QanenaHÉgEtgRbhar

müa¨geT[t eBlQancitþnwgekIteLIgsmaZirEmgekIteLIgtamlMdab´ KWxNik óbcarsmaZi

nigGb|nasmaZi.

QancitþekIteLIgRKadMbUg:nRtwmEt

mYyxN;éncitþb¨ueNÑaH ehIyk*CaPvg<. ebInwgminomkCaPvg<eT RtUvhVwkhat´rhUt dl´sÞat´CMnaj ‘EdlehAza vsI5ya¨g’. ÉQan KWrU:vcrkuslcitþ nwgekIteLIg enaH vizIcitþnwgekIteLIgtamlMdab´ya¨genHKW ?

142

1-Pvg<cln;

2-Pvg<úb|ecäT;

3-menaTVaravC¢n; 4

brikmµ

5

óbcar;

6

Gnuelam

7

eKaRtPU

8

Qan KW rUb:vcrkuslcitþ

mhakusljaNsm|yutþ

Pvg<:t; citþCaPvg< kalPvg<cln;

tBIenaHmenaTVaravC¢n;

menaTVar.

KWkarj&rénPvg<rlt´eTA

Pvg<úb|ecäTk*ekIt

KWGehtukkiriyacitþk*ekIteLIgeZIVkic©BicarNa

kalmenaTVaravC¢ncitþrlt´eTA

rYck*rlt´.

GarmµN¾tam

mhakusljaNsm|yutþ

4dYgNa

mYyk*eZIVbrikmµ óbcar Gnuelam eKaRtPU. eBlEdleKaRtPUcitþrlt´eTA Qancitþ k*ekIteLIgEtmYyxN;b¨ueNÑaH rYcehIycitþk*CaPvg<teTA ya¨genHÉg.

kalRBHeyaKavcr

edayvsITaMg5 KW ?

TutiyCÄan

hVwkhat´BüayamcUlbfmCÄan

1-GavC¢nvsI CMnajßsÞat´kñúgkarnwkrk

2-smabC¢nvsI sÞat´kñúgkarcUlkan´Qan

3-GZidðanvsI sÞat´kñúgkaroQantaMgenAmaM 4-vudðanvsI sÞat´kñúgkarecjcakQan

5-bc©evk¡NvsI sÞat´kñúgkarBicarNaGg<Qan

143

rhUtCMnajlÁdl´RBm

RBHeyaKavcr cUlQan ecjcakQanrhUtdl´CMnajehIy hVwkhat´eday

BicarNaza

nwgrkGIVeTIbQannwgekIt:nqab´rh&s

hVwkhat´edayviZIya¨genaH

er}y>rhUtsÞat´lÁ ehAza GavC¢nvsI. smabC¢nvsI KWcUlQanEdlsÞat´enaHCa

er]y>. GZidðanvsI KWsÞat´kñúgkaroQanekItrlt´Cab´bnþminCaPvg< KwoQantaMg enAtamesckIþRtUvkar. vudðanvsI KWeday kartaMgcitþnwgecjcakBIQankñúgevlaNa k*ecj:nkñúgevlaenaHminyWtyUr. bc©evk¡NvsI KWkalebIecjcakBIQanehIy

BicarNaedIm|IlHnUvGg<Qan éRkElgeLIg

EdleRKatRKatecj edIm|IeZIVGb|nasmaZitaMgenAmaM

rEmgBicarNaeXIjza

vitk,;enHCaGg<Qan

Cagvicar; eRBaHCitdl´nwgkamarmµN¾. dUecñaH

kalnwgqøgeLIgkan´TutiyCÄn

EdleRKatRKat

eTIbelaksMlwgbdiPaKnimitþ

edIm|I

ocitþ CaGb|nasmaZi edayminmanvitk,;teTA BüayamósSah¾rhUtdl´ Qancitþ

minmanvitk,;ekIteLIg kalTutiyCÄan

b¨uEnþKg´enAman

nwgekItenaH

vicar;

k*RtUvmanvizIcitþ

bIti

sux

EdlekItmun

ÉkK<ta

b¨ueNÑaH.

KwmhakusljaN

sm|yutþcitþ EdlCa brikmµ óbcar; Gnuelam nigeKaRtPU dUcKñanwgbfmCÄanEdr. ttiyCÄan

kalNaRBHeyaKavcr sÞat´kñúgTutiyCÄanlÁRbkbedayvisI5 ehIyk* sMlwgnUvbdiPaKnimitþeLIgkan´QanTI3

eRKatRKat

edayBicarNaeXIjvicar;CaGg<Qan

Citnwgvitk,;EdleZIo V vinas:ngay.

kaleXIjeTasénvicarehIy

k*cUlQansMlwg bdiPaKnimitþ edIm|IoGb|nasmaZi ekIteLIgedayminmanvicar; rhUtdl´ ttiyCÄanekItmanTMng dUcQanmun>Edr. ctutæCÄan

kalNacMerInttiyCÄansÞat´lÁ

eLIgkan´QanTI4

edayBicarNaeXIjbIti

RBmedayvsI5ehIy

144

k*Büayamknøg

EdlekItkñúgttiyCÄanenaH

CaesckIþ

eRtkGrRCYtRCabTUeTA edIm|IocitþRbNIt rhUtdl´minman

TaMgkayTaMgcitþ

éRkElgeLIg

EdlKitzaCasPaB

eTIbsMlwgbdiPaKnimitþ

bItiekItrYmCamYy.

EdlenAeRKatRKat

edIm|IcMerInGb|nasmaZi

vizIct i þEdlekIt

manTMngdUcnwgQanmun>Edr.

bB©amCÄan

kalRBHeyaKavcrcMerInctutæCÄansÞat´lÁ

munctutæCÄan

RBmedayvsITaMg5ehIy

k*

BicarNaeXIjeTasrbs´suxza CasPaBEdleRKatRKat Caóebk¡a eRBaHsuxenaH enAjab´j&r

mintaMgmaMdUcóebk¡aevTnaeT

eTIbsMlwgbdiPaKnimitþ

cMerInGb|na

smaZiedIm|IlHsux rhUtbBa©mCÄanekIt RbkbedayGg<2KW óebk¡a nigÉkK<ta.

mhakusljaNsm|yutþ EdleZIVbrikmµ óbcar Gnuelam nigeKaRtPU Edl

ekItmunbBa©mCÄanenaH

ekItRBmnwgóebk¡aevTna

eRBaHQanTI5enH

manóebk¡a

nigÉkK<ta CaGg<Qan. cMENkQan4eT[t eRkABIenH mhakuslenaH ekItRBmnwg esamnsSevTna.

müa¨geT[tmhakusljaNsm|yutþcitþEdlekItkñúgrvagkarcMerInsmzPavna

enaH eBlxøHk*ekItRBmnwgesamnsSevTna eBlxøHk*ekItRBmedayóebk¡aevTna.

1-edayCati

cMENkrU:vcrkuslcitþ 5 edayn&yepSg>

2-edayPUmi

3-edayevTna 4-edayehtu

5-edaysm|yutþ

CakuslCati

CarU:vcrPUmi ‘ekIt 22PUmi’ ‘ev[rG:yPUmi4 GsBa¦ stþPUmi1 GrUbPUmi4’

CaesamnsS4dYg KWbfmCÄan TutiyCÄan nigctutæCÄan Caóebk¡a1dYg KWbBa©mCÄan Canehtu nigCatiehtukcitþ CajaNsm|yutþ

145

6-edaysg¡ar

Cassg¡arik

8-edayQan

CarU:vcrQan

7-edayesaPN

CarU:vcresaPNcitþ

9-edayelakiy 10-edaykic©

Caelakiycitþ

11-edayGarmµN¾ 12-edayTVar

13-edayvtæú

eZIVCvnkic©

manZmµarmµN¾ CaGarmµN¾ dwgGarmµN¾tammenaTVar

GaRs&yhTyvtæú

14- edayviJ¦aNZatu

CamenaviJ¦aN

‘cb´rU:vcrkuslcitþ 5dYg’ rU:vcrvi:kcitþ 5dYg

rU:vcrkuslcitþ

CaehtuoekItrU:vcrvi:kcitþ

‘rU:vcrPUmi’ epSg>Kñaya¨gKW ? kamavcrvi:k

GZib|ayrU:vcrvi:k

EtgdUcKñaxøH

mindUcKñaxøH

EdleZIVbdisnÆikñúgrUbPUmi

nwgkuslcitþénxøÜn

dUecñHvi:k

énkamavcrkuslenaH eTIbelakmin:nEckovi:kRsbtamkusleLIy. cMENk

rU:vcrvi:kenH EtgRsbdUcKñanwg kuslrbs´xøÜn eRb{bdUcCaRsemalTaMgLay manRsemaldMrI esH nigedImeQICaedIm EtgdUcnwgdMrI esH nigedImeQICaedImenaH edayehtuenaH eTIbelakEckrU:vcrvi:kenH eZIo V Rsbtamkuslrbs´xøÜn. müa¨geT[tkamavcrkusl

cMENkrU:vcrkusl

Etgovi:kkñúgkalxøHk*:n

Etgovi:kkñúgPBTI2EtmYybu¨eNÑaH

eTIbelakEckoRsbdUcnwgkusl rbs´xøÜnKW ?

RKasm&yxøHk*:n.

edayehtuenHehIy

1-bfmCÄankusl oplCabfmCÄanvi:k bdisnÆikñúgbfmCÄanPUmi.

2-TutiyCÄankusl oplCaTutiyCÄanvi:k bdisnÆikñúgTutiyCÄanPUmi.

146

3-ttiyCÄankusl oplCattiyCÄanvi:k bdisnÆikñúgTutitæCÄanPUmi.

4-ctutæCÄankusl oplCactutæCÄanvi:k bdisnÆikñúgttitæCÄanPUmi.

5-bBa©mCÄankusl oplCabBa©mCÄanvi:k bdisnÆikñúgctutæCÄanPUmi. buK<lGñkbdisnÆikñúgrU:vcrPUmi

edayrU:vcrvi:kcitþ

CarUbRBhµ.

rUbRBhµ

buK<lenaHEtgman ck¡úbsaT nigesatbsaT EtminmanXanbsaT CivØabsaT nig

kaybsaTeT. xN;Edlck¡úviBa¦aN ßesatviBa¦aNénRBhµbuK<lenaH ekIteLIgcUr Kb|IRCabza; ck¡úviBa¦aNkIþ esatviBa¦aNkIþ minmanCavi:k‘pl’ énrU:vcrkusl

5dYgenaHeT KWCavi:krbs´kamavcrkusl nigGkuslb¨ueNÑaH. cMENkrU:vcrvi:k manEt5dYgb¨ueNÑaH EdleZIVbdisnÆikúg ñ rUbPUmi15 ‘ev[rGsBa¦stþPUmi’KW ? 1- :risC¢aPUmi 2- buerahitaPUmi

bdisnÆiedaybfmCÄanvi:kcitþ

3- mhaRBhµaPUmi 4- britþaPaPUmi 5- Gb|maNaPaPUmi

bdisnÆiedayTutiyCÄanvi:k‘ctukn&y’ßeday TutiyCÄanvi:k ßttiyCÄanvi:k‘bBa©kn&y’

6- GaPsSraPUmi 7- britþsuPaPUmi 8- Gb|maNsuPaPUmi

bdisnÆiedayttiyCÄanvi:k‘ctukn&y’ ßctutæCÄanvi:k‘bBa©kn&y’

9- suPkiNØaPUmi 10- evhbölaPUmi 11- GvihaPUmi 12- Gtb|aPUmi 13- suTsSaPUmi 14- suTsSIPUmi

bdisnÆiedayctutæCÄanvi:k‘ctukn&y’ ßbB©amCÄanvi:k ‘bB©akn&y’

5PUmienH CaRBhµsuTÆavas énRBHGnaKamI bdisnÆiedayctutæCÄanvi:k ‘ctukn&y’ ß bBa©mCÄanvi:k ‘bBa©kn&y’

15- GknidðaPUmi

147

GZib|ayRBhµ kñúgRBhµPUmi

GñkEdlekItCaRBhµEtgmanesckIþsux RbNItCagsuxkñúgeTvta manrUbsÁat

mansMelgBieraH.

bNþaRBhµEdlekItkñúgbfmCÄanPUmienH

eTA:nqáay

2000cRkvaL

RBhµxøHbeBa©jeTA:ndl´ xøHeT[t:n

manmhaRBhµCaZM

1000cRkvaL

3000cRkvaL

GacbeBa©jrsµI

RBhµxøHbeBa©j:ndl´

eRBaHekIteLIgedayvi:k

énQanEdlRbNIt manGayu 1kb|. RbsinebIekItedayvi:kQanzñak´kNþal k*maneQµaHza

RBhµbuerahita

‘RBhµGñkCaTIRbwkSa’

manGayuknøHkb|.

b¨uEnþebIekItedayvi:k Qanzñak´exSay k*maneQµaHza RBhµ:risC¢a ‘RBhµGñkCa brivarbs´RBhµ’

manGayu1PaKbI énkb|.

RBhµTaMg3BYkenH

mankayepSg>Kña

mansBa¦abdisnÆiEtmYydUcKña ‘nantþkaya ÉktþsBa¦iena’ dUcnwgstVkñúgG:yPUmi. RBhµEdlekItkñúgTutiyCÄanPUmi

TutiyCÄan

manGayu8kb|. manGayu4kb| RBhµeQµaH

manGaPsSraRBhµ

ßttiyCÄanEdlRbNIt vi:kzñak´kNþal

RBhµTaMg3BYkenHmankaydUcKña

EtgekItCaRBhµeQµaH

manGayu2kb|

edayvi:kén

eRBaHsBa¦axøHminmanvitk,;

manRBhµeQµaH

ctutæCÄanEdlRbNIt

EtgekItCa

‘mantMENgb¨unnwgRBhµ:risC¢a’.

Etmanvicar; sBa¦axøHminmanTaMgvitþk,; TaMgvicar;. ekIteLIg

Gb|maNaPaRBhµ

vi:kzñak´exSay

mansBa¦aepSgKña

RBhµEdlekItkñúgttiyCÄanPUmi

ekItedayvi:kén

manrsµIecjBIsrIr;dUcCaGNþatePøIg

‘mantMENgb¨unnwgbuerahitaRBhµ’.

britþaPaRBhµ

CaZM

suPkiNØaRBhµ

manrsµIzøasÁat

CaZM

dUcrsµIdYgRBHcnÞ

KWmanrsµIecj BIsrIr; CapÞaMg>sÁateRBagRBat manGayu64kb|. vi:kzñak´kNþal ekItCaRBhµ Gb|maNsuPaRBhµ manGayu32kb| ‘mantMENgb¨unRBhµbuerahita’. vi:kzñak´exSayekItCaRBhµeQµaHza b¨un:risC¢aRBhµ’. EtmYydUcKña.

britþsuPaRBhµ

RBhµTaMg3RbePTenH

148

manGayu16kb|

mankayxñatEtmYy

mantMENg

mansBa¦abdisnÆi

RBhµEdlekItkñúgctutæCÄanPUmi maneQµaHza evhb¢laRBhµ ekIteLIgeday

vi:kénbBa©mCÄan EdlmanÉkK<ta nigóebk¡aCaGg< CaQanmaMmYn manplsMbUr

min

jab´j&r

EtgRbRBwtþeTAtamQan

nigGtityCÄanPUmi3 edayePøIg

edayTwk

mindUcbfmCÄanPUmi3

EdlRbkbedayesamnsSeT. nigedayxül´eLIy

TutiyCÄanPUmi3

RBhµCan´enHnwgminRtUvvinas

EtgmanGayuexyüeBj500kb|.

RBhµtaMgenAkñúgPUmiTaMg4 tamEdl:neBal mkehIyenH Cavdþ;. cMENkkñúgsuTÆavasPUmi5

suTsSa

suTsSI

énRBHGnaKamI

EdlekItkñúgctutæCÄanPUmiEdr

nigGknidðaPUmi

taMgenACaCan´>

manbfmCÄanPUmiCaedImenaHeT.

enH

KW

taMgenAkñúgcMENkvivdþ;

eLIgeTAtamlMdab´énPUmi

Gviha

Gtb|a

CaPUmirs´enA

mindUcPUmidéT>

Gviha ERbza minvinascaksm|tiþ.

Gtb|a ERbza minekþARkhay ‘manesckIþsáb´RtCak´’

suTsSa ERbza eXIjvtæúepSg> :nlÁ ‘eRBaHsMbUredayck¡úbsaT’ TiBVck¡ú

Zmµck¡ú bBa¦ack¡ú.

suTsSI ERbza eXIjvtæúepSg>:nlÁ éRkElgCagsuTsSa.

Gknidða ERbza minmansuxtictYceT ‘mansuxsMbUr’ CaRBhµEdlmanKuN

sm|tiþéRkElgCagRBhµCan´TI1 TI2 TI3 TI4 énsuTÆavasPUmi.

suTÆavasPUmi5enH minmanrhUtRKb´kalral´>eBleT KWminekIteLIgkñúgelak

kñúgeBlEdllEgVkcakRBHBuTÆCam©as´rhUtdl´

1Esnkb|xøH

dl´1Gseg¡yü

kb|xøH. kalNaRBHBuTÆCam©as´RTg´ób|tiþehIyenaHÉg suTÆavas5enH eTIbekIteLIg kñúgEdnkMNt´evla16000kb|.

1-edayCati 2-edayPUmi

cMENkrU:vcrvi:kcitþ5 edayn&yepSg> CaCativi:k CarUbPUmi

149

3-edayevTna

dUcKñanwgkuslQan KWbfmCÄan TutiyCÄan

4-edayehtu

Canehtu nigCa tiehtukcitþ

5-edaysm|yutþ 6-edaysg¡ar

7-edayesaPN; 8-edayQan

9-edayelakiy 10-edaykic©

11-edayGarmµN¾

CÄan ctutæCÄan

ttiy

CaesamnsS bB©amCÄan Caóebk¡a

CajaNsm|yutþ Cassg¡arik

CarU:vcresaPNcitþ CaplénQan Caelakiycitþ

man3KW bdisnÆikic©1 Pvg<kic©1 cutikic©1

kuslcitþmanGarmµN¾NaCakmµdðan

GarmµN¾enaH

vi:kcitþk*man

12-edayTVar

dwgGarmµN¾:nedayminRtUvGaRs&yTVar ‘CaTVarvimutiþ’

13-edayvtæú

GaRs&yhTyvtæúeTIbekIt

14-edayviBa¦aNZatu

CamenaviBa¦aNZatu

‘cb´rU:vcrvi:kcitþ5dYg’ rU:vcrkiriyacitþ 5dYg

:lI

rU:vcrvi:kkIþ

rU:vcrkiriyakIþ

dUcKñanwgrU:vcrkusl

EdlrU:vcrkiriyacitþ Cacitþrbs´RBHGrhnþb¨ueNÑaH.

bfmCÄankiriyacitþ ekItRBm nwgvitk,; vicar; bIti sux ÉkK<ta. TutiyCÄankiriyacitþ ekItRBmnwgvicar; bIti sux ÉkK<ta ttiyCÄankiriyacitþ ekItRBmnwgbIti sux ÉkK<ta ctutæCÄankiriyacitþ ekItRBmnwgsux ÉkK<ta

bB©amCÄankiriyacitþ ekItRBmnwgóebk¡a ÉkK<ta

150

epSgKñaRtg´

rU:vcrkiriyacitþ CarUbQancitþ rbs´RBHxINaRsB KWrU:vcrQan rbs´

RBHxINaRsB

Cakiriya

minEmnCakusl

minEmnCaGkusl

CaTidðZmµsuxvihar edIm|IenACasuxkñúgbc©úb|nñenHb¨ueNÑaH. kñúgsmabtiþTaMgenaH

minEmnCakmµvi:k

smabtiþEdlRBHxINaRsBoekIteLIg

kñúgeBlEdl

elakenACabuzuC¢n mankalNaelak:nsMercRBHGrhtþ nigcUlsmabtiþenaHehIy smabtþienaH k*Cakiriyacitþ.

1-edayCati

cMENkrU:vcrkiriyacitþ 5dYgedayn&yepSg>

2-edayPUmi

CaCatikiriya

CarUbPUmi ‘ekIt:n22PUmi’

3-edayevTna

CaesamnsS4 óebk¡a1

5-edaysm|yutþ

CajaNsm|yutþ

7-edayesaPN;

CarU:vcresa:Ncitþ

4-edayehtu

6-edaysg¡ar

Canehtu nigCatiehtukcitþ

Cassg¡arik

8-edayQan

CarU:vcrkiriyacitþ

10-edaykic©

eZIVCvnkic©

9-edayQan 11-edayGarmµN¾

12-edayTVar 13-edayvtæú

CarU:vcrkiriyacitþ eRBaHminmanniBVanCaGarmµN¾ manZmµarmN¾CaGarmµN¾

dwgGarmµN¾tammenaTVarb¨ueNÑaH

ekItRtg´hTyvtæú

14-edayviBa¦aNZatu

CamenaviBa¦aNZatu

‘cb´rU:vcrkiriyacitþ 5dYg’

151

rU:vcrcitþ edayRbePTénQan Eckedaykuslcitþ vi:kcitþ nigkiriyacitþ

eTIbrU:vcrcitþenaHman 15dYg.

kusl

vi:k

kiriya

rYm

bfmCÄan

1

1

1

3

TutiyCÄan

1

1

1

3

ttiyCÄan

1

1

1

3

ctutæCÄan

1

1

1

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bB©amCÄan

1

1

1

3

rYm

5

5

5

15

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‘cb´rU:vcresaPNcitþ 15dYg’

152

K-GrU:vcresaPNcitþ 12dYg GrU:vcrkuslcitþ 4dYg

Baküza GrU:vcrcitþenaH KWCacitþEdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmµN¾énGrUbQan.

Baküza GrUbQan enaHsMedAdl´Qan EdlminsMlwgnUvrUb ßQanEdlmin

manrUbCaGarmµN¾ KW:ndl´GarmµN¾4 ? Gakas1 viBa¦aN1 esckIþminmanGIV1 sBa¦a1.

BaküzaGrU:vcrkusl enaHmann&yza kuslkmµEdlCaehtubBa¢ÚnploeTA

ekItCaGrUbRBhµbuK<l. müa¨geT[teRBaHehtuza kuslcitþenHekIteLIgedayGaRs&y GarmµN¾EdlCaGrUb.

:lIGrU:vcrkuslcitþ 4dYg4 GakasanBa©aytnkuslcitþM viBa¦aNBa©aytnkuslcitþM GakiB©aBa¦aytnkuslcitþM

envsBa¦anasJ¦aytnkuslcitþeJ©ti «mani ctþaribi GrU:vcrkuslcitþani nam. ERbza GakasanBa©aytnkuslcitþ1 viBa¦aNBa©aytnkuslcitþ1

GakiBa©Ba¦aytnkuslcitþ 1

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytnkuslcitþ1

citþ4enH eQµaHza GrU:vcrkuslcitþ

4

GMBIGrUbQan sUmBuTÆbris&T Gane:dð:TsURt TI9 bidkExµr elx15 TMÇ110-159

153

GZib|ay GakasanBa©aytncitþ

GakasanBa©aytn KWGakas = GanBa© = Gaytn; mann&yza CaGaytn;

‘CaTIekIt’

mYyEdlmanGakas

minmanTIbMput

KWza

GakasanBa©;

enaHÉgCa

Gaytn; ‘KWCaTIekIt’ énQanenaH RBmedaysm|yutþZm( edayGtæza CaTItaMgenA dUceTvaytn; TIGaRs&yenAénBYkeTvta.

Qan eQµaHza GakasanBa©aytn; eRBaHGtæza manGakasminmanTIbMput

CaTIekItkuslcitþ

Edlsm|yutþCamYyGakasanBa©aytn;enaH

GakasanBa©aytnkuslcitþ.

eQµaHza

GakasanBa©; KWGakasannþ;

Gakasannþ; :ndl´GakasebIk dkksiNecj.

Gakasman4Rbkar KWGCdakas1 bricäinñakas1 ksiNuK¹adimakas1 nig

briecäTakas1.

GCdakas :ndl´GakasemX.

bricäinñakas :ndl´GakasksiN. ksiNuK¹adimakas

‘ev[rGakas ksiN’.

:ndl´Gakas

EdlGaRs&ymkBIksiN

9

briecäTakas :ndl´GakasrUb. GakasanBa©aytn; :ndl´ksiNuK¹adimakasb¨ueNÑaH GakasénGakasksiNeT.

RBHeyaKavcr

dMbUgRtUv

viZIcMerInGakasanBa©aytnQan ‘TI1’

EdlnwgcMerInGrUbQankmµdðan

oknøgnUvrUbQanenaH

rUbQanepSg>edayRbkarTaMgBYg.

elakminEmnRtwmEteXIj

:nrU:vcrbBa©mCÄanRBmTaMgvsI5

k*eXIjeTasrbs´

min:nsMedAdl´

mankarsÞat´CMnajlÁehIysin

eTasénrUbQanb¨ueNÑaHeT rEmgeXIjdl´eTasénrUbragkaypgEdr zamanrUbehIy

154

k*RtUvEtmanTuk¡eTas

lM:kkay

EtRbsinebIminmanrUbragkayeTenaH

mankarTTYlGaC\a eTasepSg>

nigeraKaBüaZiepSg>CaedIm

eraKepSg>

tampøÚvkay

k*nwgminman. ÉkarEdlnwgputcak rUbragkayeTA:n k*RtUvGaRs&ykarcMerInQan minmanrUb ‘GrUbQan’ CaGarmµN¾ya´¨genH. kalRBHeyaKavcreXIjeTasénrUb

nigviZIEdlnwgputcakBIrUbya¨genHehIy

k*cUlrUbQanTI5 eZIo V ekIteLIgsin. kalecjBIQan BicarNaeXIjeTas én

rUbkmµdðan

EdlCaGarmµN¾ehIy

k*cUlQanenaH

pSayBRgIknimitþ

‘rUbkmµdðan’

enaHominmanTIbMput KWpSayecjeTA:n1cRkvaL. edaykarpSayBRgIkeTA> nUv nimitþénrUbkmµdðan

EdlCaGarmµN¾eRcIndl´RtwmNa>

k*minmanTIbMput

k*kan´Et

eXIjzaRtg´EdlkarpSayBRgIknimitþecjeTA:nenaH k*eRBaHGakasminmanTIbMput. GakasEdllØelØvenaH

minmankarekIt

kaleXIjesckIþminmanTIbMputénGakas EdlCaGarmµN¾enaH

minmanvinas

k*ebIksBa¦a

ykcitþTukdak´EtsPaBénGakas

rkTIbMputmin:n.

KWmindak´citþeTAkñúgrUbnimitþ

minmanTIbMput

‘Gakaesa

Gnenþa’. kñúgxN;citþKitdl´ nUvGakasminmanTIbMputenH eBlenaHenAmanrUbnimitþ EdlBRgIkpSayeTAEdr TaMgóbcarsmaZi k*ekIteLIg CalMdab´. kaldak´citþdl´ GakasminmanTIbMputenaHer}y>eTA

TIbMput

Gb|nasmaZik*ekIteLIg

edayman

Gakas EdlminmanTIbMputenaHCaGarmµN¾. GakasEdlminmanTIbMputenH CaTItaMg oekItbfmGrUbCÄanTI1 ehAzaGakasanBa©aytnkuslcitþ CaksiNuK¹adimakas bBa¦tiþ Edl:nebIkrUbksiN ecjehIyCaGarmµN¾. kalGb|navizI

EdlCaGaTikmµikGrUbCÄan

nwgekItenaH vizIrEmgekIttamlMdab´ya¨genHKW ?

155

rbs´mnÞbuK<l

‘GñkdwgyWt’

GaTikmµikGrUbCÄanvizI rbs´mnÞbuK<l citþputvizI

1- Pvg<cln; 2- Pvgú<b|ecäT; 3- menaTVaravC¢n; 4- brikmµ 5- óbcar; 6- Gnuelam

mhakuslóebk¡a jaNsm|yutþ

7- eKaRtPU

2dYg

8- bfmGrUbCÄan

KWGakasanBa©aytnkuslcitþ

Pvg<:t;

citþCaPvg<

GaTikmµikGrUbCÄanvizI rbs´tik¡buK<l 1- Pvg<cln;

citþputvizI

2- Pvg<úb|ecäT; 3- menaTVaravC¢n; 4- óbcar;

mhakuslóebk¡ajaNsm|yutþ 2dYg

5- Gnuelam 6- eKaRtPU 7- bfmGrUbCÄan Pvg<:t;

KWGakasanBa©aytnkuslcitþ

citþCaPvg<

156

GZib|ayGb|navizI

TI1-Pvg<cln;

TI2-Pvg<úb|ecäT;

citþ2dYgenHCacitþputvizI

:ndl´vi:kcitþ

Edlsm|yutþedaybBa¦a Ca tiehtukvi:kcitþ manGarmµN¾edIm KWGarmµN¾muncuti

énCatimun. TI3-menaTVaravC¢n; CaGehtukkiriyacitþ. TI4-brikmµ 5-óbcar;

6-Gnuelam 7-eKaRtPU :ndl´ mhakusl óebk¡ajaNsm|yutþ 2dYgNamYy. TI8-bfmGrUbCÄan GakasbBa¦tiþ

:ndl´GakasanBa©aytnkuslcitþ.

EdlebIkBIrU:vcrbBa©mCÄan

CaGarmµN¾

ksiNuK¹adimakasbBa¦tiþ.

QanenHman ehAza

viBa¦aNBa©aytncitþ

viJ¦aNBa©atn;citþ KWviBa¦aN = GanBa© = Gaytn; mann&yza CaGaytn;

1 kEnøgEdlviBa¦aNminmanTIbMput.

viBa¦aNenaHÉgrkTIbMputmin:n eTIbeQµaHza

viBa¦aNBa©;

müa¨geT[t

:ndl´GrUbviBa¦aNTI1.

eQµaHzaviBa¦aNBa©;

eRBaHGtæza

EdlRtUvGrUbviBa¦aNTI2 Kb|Idl´ KWKb|IsMerc. dUecañHviBa¦aNBa©ytn; eRBaHGtæza viBa¦aNBa©;nuH CaGaytn; eRBaHCaTItaMgén GrUbQanTI2 KWviBa¦aNBa©aytnQan. viBa¦aNBaa©ytnQan ‘TI2’ eyaKavcrbuK<l

cMerInnUvGrUbCÄanTI2

kalCMnajkñúgGakasanBa©aytnQanehIy

GakasanBa©aytnQan

RtUveZVIvsI5osÞat´

bMNgnwg

ehIyBicarNaeXIjeTasrbs´

eXIjesckIþsáb´RbNIt

rbs´viBa¦aNBa©aytnQan

ehIy k*cUlQanTajykbfmGrUbQanCaGarmµN¾ edaybegÁandl´sPaBrbs´ viBa¦aN

‘viBa¦aNM

EdlmanGakasminmanTIbMput GnnþM’

rhUtdl´Qancitþ

GakasanBa©aytncitþ TutiyGrUbCÄancitþ.

CaGarmµN¾

zaKW

nwgekItGrUbCÄanTI2

viBa¦aNminmanTIbMput EdlekIteLIgman

CaGarmµN¾enHÉgeQµaHza viBa¦aNBa©aytnQan

157

ßehAza

Gb|navizI énTutiyGrUbCÄan 1

Pvg<cln;

2

Pvg<úb|ecäT;

3

menaTVaravC¢n;

4

brikmµ

5

óbcar;

6

Gnuelam

7

eKaRtPU

8

TutiyGrUbCÄan

citþputvizI

mhakuslóebk¡ajaNsm|yutþ 2dYg

Pvg<:t;

KWviBa¦aNBa©aytnkuslcitþ citþCaPvg< GakiBa©Ba¦aytnQan ‘TI3’

GakiBa©Ba¦aytn; KW n = GakiBa©n = Gaytn mann&yza CaGaytn;

mYykEnøg EdlviBa¦aNsUm|Ibniþck*rEmgminman.

RBHeyaKavcr kalbMNgnwgeZIVsmaZicitþ otaMgmaMRbNIteLIg> edaykar

cUlGakiBa©Ba¦aytnQanenaH RtUvcUlviBa¦aNBa©aytnQan rhUtdl´CMnajCavsI.

kalecjBIQanehIy k*BicarNaeXIjeTasrbs´viBa¦aNBa©aytnQan zaebIdac´ karcUlQanenHCanic©ehIy

QanenHGacvinasRtLb´eTAtaMgenA

kñúgGakasa

nBa©aytnQanvij. ÉsmaZiEdlekItBIviBa¦aNBa©aytnQanenH k*enAeRKatRKat

minRbNItesµInwgGakiBa©Ba¦aytnQanEdr rbs´GrUbCÄanTI1

CaGarmµN¾

eRb{bdUcsalaZMCaTIRbCMuénRBHsg¹eZVIsg¹kmµ

EdlCaGarmµN¾rbs´GrUbCÄanTI2enaH. salaTaMgGs´

eTIbdak´citþdl´sPaBénesckIþminmanGIV

minmansl´citþk*begÁan

«LÚvenHsg¹eZIVkic©eRscehIy eTAkñúgsPaBEdlminman

k*ecjBI

GIVeT[teLIy.

ntæikiBa©i ‘minmanGIV>’ rhUtdl´GrUbCÄancitþekIt edayman ntæiPavbBa¦tiCaGarmµN¾.

158

GrUbCÄancitþenHeQµaHza ytnkuslcitþ’.

GakiBa©Ba¦aytnQanß

vizIcitþEdlekItmunGrUbCÄanTI3enH

ttiyGrUbCÄan

‘GakiBa©Ba¦a

dUcKñanwgbfmGrUbCÄan ßTutiyGrUbCÄan

vizIEdr epSgKñaEtRtg´Bakü GakiBa©Ba¦aytnkuslcitþb¨ueNÑa;.

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytnQan‘TI4’

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytn; KW env = sBa¦a = n = n = sBa¦a = Gaytn;

mann&yza CaGaytnmYykEnøgEdlEtgmansBa¦ak*minEmn minmansBa¦ak*minEmn eRBaHminmansBa¦aeRKatRKat

manEtsBa¦alÁit.

envsBa¦anasBa¦a

enaHÉgCa

Gaytn; eRBaHseRg<aHcUlkñúgmnaytn; nigZmµaytn; eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQµaH

za envsBa¦anasBa¦aytn;. envsBa¦anasBa¦aenaHÉg CaGaytn; CaTItaMgénQan RBmTaMgsm|yutþZm(

edayCanisSyb|c©&yCaedIm

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytnQan.

RBHeyaKavcrGñkcMerInGrUbQanTI4enaH

dUecñaHehIy

eTIbeQµaHza

RtUvCMnajGrUbQanTI3

rhUtCa

vsIrYc ehIycMerInGrUbQanTI4 EdlCaQanRbNItbMput edayBicarNaeXIjnUv GrUbQanTI3enH

zaCaZm(sáb´RbNIt

dUecñaHedIm|InwgcMerInGrUbQanTI4

b¨uEnþminTan´sáb´RbNItbMputeT.

eTIbRtUvcUlGrUbQanTI3

ykcitþTukdak´BicarNaesckIþsáb´ esckIþRbNIt ÉtM GakiBa©Ba¦aytnQan

minEmnsBa¦adéTeT[teT

ecjehIy

snMþ bNItM

‘evTnaCaedIm

énsBa¦akñúg

kñúgTIenHk*sáb´

RbNItdUcKña. karEdleRbIsBa¦as&BÞ eRBaHsBa¦aectsikenH CatYcaMnimitþ GMBIkar cMerInrUbQandMbUg’ k*maneQµaHza

cMerIneTArhUtdl´

GrUbQanTI4ekIt.

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytnQan

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytnkuslcitþ.

dUcn&yEdl:neBalrYcmkehIy.

vizIcitþEdlekIt

159

ß

kalNaQanenHekIt

ctutæarUbQanKW

munGrUbQanTI4

GrU:vcrvi:kcitþ 4dYg

GrU:vcrvi:kcitþ Caplrbs´GrU:vcrkuslcitþ KWGakasanBa©aytnkusl

manGakasminmanTIbMputCaGarmµN¾

GakasanBa©aytnvi:kcitþ

k*manGakas

minmanTIbMputCaGarmµN¾dUcKñaEdr. ÉGrUbQanTI2 TI3 TI4 k*mann&yya¨genHEdr. :lIGrU:vcrvi:kcitþ 4dYg

GakasanBa©aytnvi:kcitþM

viBa¦aNBa©aytnvi:kcitþM GakiBa©Ba¦aytnvi:kcitþM

nam.

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytnvi:kciteþ Ba©ti ERbza;

«mani

ctþaribi

GrU:vcrvi:kcitþani

GakasanBa©aytnvi:kcitþ 1 viBa¦aNBa©aytnvi:kcitþ 1 GakiBa©Ba¦aytnvi:kcitþ 1

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytnvi:kcitþ1

citþ4enHeQµaHza GrU:vcrvi:kcitþ .

eBlEdlGrU:vcrvi:kcitþdYgNamYynwgekItenaH min:nekItCavizIdUc GrU: vcrkuslcitþeT eLIgmun

Kwza

rYceTIbcuti.

muncuticitþnwgekIteLIgenaH

kalcuticitþrlt´ehIy

eLIgeZIVbdisnÆitGMBIcuticitþenaHTan´eBlPøam. GarmµN¾GIV

GrU:vcrkusldYgNamYyekIt

GrU:vcrvi:kcitþdYgNamYy k*ekIt GrU:vcrkuslcitþmuncuticitþ

GrU:vcrvi:kcitþEdlekItbnÞab´BIcuticitþenaH

kuslrbs´xøÜn Edr mann&yya¨genHÉg TaMg4dYg.

dUecñaHGrU:vcrkuslmannaTIeZIVkic©Cvnkic©EtmYy

mankic©3KW ?

k*manGarmµN¾enaHdUcnwg

cMENkGrU:vcrvi:kenaH

1-bdisnÆikic© eZIVkic©eTAekItCaGrUbRBhµbuK<lkñúgGrUbPUmi4b¨ueNÑaH.

160

man

2-Pvg<kic©eZIVkic©bnþrkSaPBCatiotaMgenAdrabrhUtesµIGayuénsg¡ar

kñúgPBenaH.

3-cutikic© eZIVkic©XøatcakBIPBenaH> kñúgvar;EdlGs´Gayuénsg¡ar.

ehIyGrU:vcrvi:kcitþ4dYgenH

CacitþekIteLIgedayminGaRs&yvtæúTaMg6

eLIy nigmancMeBaHEtGrUbRBhµbuK<lb¨ueNÑaH.

NamYy

kñúgGrUbRBhµPUmiTaMg4enH RBhµbuK<lkñúgGakasanBa©aytnPUmi manGayu2mWun

mhakb|

Ba¦aytnPUmi

RBhµbuK<lkñúgviBa¦aNBa©aytnPUmimanGayu4mWunmhakb|. manGayu6mWunmhakb|

8mWun4Ban´mhakb|.

nigkñúgenvsBa¦anasBa¦aytnPUmi

kñúgGakiBa©

manGayu

GrU:vcrkiriyacitþ 4dYg

GrU:vcrkiriyacitþ 4dYgenH ekItmandl´RBHGrhnþEtmYyBYkb¨ueNÑaH buzuC¢nkIþ RBHesk¡buK<l7BYkkIþ

cMerInGrUbQan4

minCaGrU:vcrkiriyacitþeLIy.

GrUbQancitþenH

EtgEtCakusl

:lIGrU:vcrkiriyacitþ 4dYg

GakasanBa©aytnkiriyacitþM viBa¦aNBa©aytnkiriyacitþM GakiBa©J¦aytnkiriyacitþM

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytnkiriyaciteþ Ba©ti

nam.

«mani

ERbza; GakasanBa©aytnkiriyacitþ 1 viBa¦aNBa©aytnkiriyacitþ 1 GakiBa©Ba¦aytnkiriyacitþ 1

envsBa¦anasBa¦aytnkiriyacitþ 1

161

ctþaribi

GrU:vcrRkiyacitþani

citþ4enHeQµaHza GrU:vcrkiriyacitþ. GrU:vcrkiriyacitþ4dYgenH

EtmanGarmµN¾epSgKña

manGg<QanesµIKña

RbRBwtt þ amEbbdUcKña

nigdUcKñaKW

óebk¡a ÉkK<ta

nigGrU:vcrkuslcitþ.

kalGrU:vcrcitþ rbs´RBHGrhnþ nigekItvizIcitþEdlekItmun RbRBwtþeTAya¨genH KW ? 1

Pvg<cln;

2

Pvg<úb|ecäT;

3

menaTVaravC¢n;

4

brikmµ

5

óbcar;

6

Gnuelam

7

eKaRtPU

8

GrU:vcrkiriyacitþ

citþputvizI

mhakiriyaóebk¡ajaNsm|yutþ 2dYg

Pvg<:t;

citþCaPvg<

vizIcitþenHsMrab´mnÞbuK<l cMENktik¡buK<l minmanbrikmµeT.

1-edayCati

cMENkGrU:vcrcitþ12dYg edayn&yepSg>

2-edayPUmi

CaCatikusl 4dYg CaCativi:k 4dYg

CaCatikiriya 4dYg

CaGrU:vcrPUmiTaMg 12dYg

3-edayevTna

Caóebk¡aevTnaTaMg 12dYg

5-edaysm|yutþ

CajaNsm|yutþTaMg12dYg

4-edayehtu

6-edaysg¡ar

Canehtu nigCa tiehtukcitþ TaMg 12dYg Cassg¡arikTaMg12dYg

162

7-edayesaPN

CaGrU:vcresaPN;TaMg12dYg

9-edayelakiy

CaelakiycitþTaMg 12dYg

8-edayQan 10-edaykic©

11-edayGarmµN¾

12-edayTVar

13-edayvtæú

CabBa©mCÄan ‘bBa©kn&y’TaMg 12dYg GrU:vcrkusl4 nigGrU:vcrkiriya4 eZIVCvnkic© GrU:v

crvi:k4 eZIVkic©3 KW bdisnÆi Pvg< nigcuti. manZmµarmµN¾ CaGarmµN¾TaMg 12dYg

GrU:vcrkusl4 nigGrU:vcrkiriya4 dwgGarmµN¾tam menaTVar cMENkGrU:vcrvi:k4 dwgGarmµN¾ edaymin GaRs&yTVar ‘TVarvimutiþ’ GrU:vcrkusl4

GrU:vcrkiriya4

ekItkñúgbBa©evakar

PUmi GaRs&yhTyvtæú ebIekItkñúgctuevakarPB min:c´ GaRs&yeT.

14-edayviBa¦aNZatu CamenaviBa¦aNZatuTaMg 12dYg citþ4

cMNaM;

kñúgPUmiCaTIekIt31PUmienaH

ekIt:n26PUmi

GrU:vcrkuslcitþ4

‘ev[rG:yPUmi4nigGsBa¦IstþPUmi1’.

nigGrU:vcrkiriya

vi:kcitþ4 ekIt:ncMeBaHEtkñúgGrUbRBhµPUmi4b´¨ueNÑaH.

Galm¬nb|ePeTn

buBa¦a:kRkiyaePTa

cMENkGrU:vcr

sg<hKaza

ctuZarub|mansM

bun TVaTsZa fitM

ERbza; GrU:vcrcitþenH edayRbePTénGarmµN¾man4Rbkar EtebIedayesckIþ

epSgénkusl vi:k nigkiriya eTIbman12dYg. dIkacarüGZib|ayza

manGakasCaedImEdlKb|Iknøg

GrU:vcrcitþman4dYg

nigEdlKb|ITajyk

esckIþminmanénGarmµN¾TaMg3enaH.

163

edayRbePTénGarmµN¾4

KWGakas

viBa¦aN

nig

:nesckIþza

bBa©mCÄan. dimakas’

GakasenaH

GrU:vcrcitþenaH

rYcTajykGakas

EtgknøgnUvksiNnimitþEdlCaGarmµN¾én

Edl:nedaykarebIkksiNnimitþ

enaHEtgknøgnUvGakasenaH

edayTajykviBa¦aN

EtgknøgnUvviBa¦aNenaH.

EdlCakarminmanénviBa¦aNGrU:vcrTI1enaH

‘ksiNuK¹a

EdlRbRBwtþkñúg

rYcTajykesckIþminmansUm|IbniþcbnÞÜc EtgknøgnUvesckIþminmansUm|Ibniþc

bnÞÜcenaH. rYcTajykGrU:vcrviBa¦aNTI3 EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkarminman sUm|Ibniþc bnÞÜcenaH

RbRBwtþeTAtamlMdab´

b¨uEnþmin:nkan´ykGarmµN¾énQanedIm>

EdlRbRBwtþeTA edayGMNackarknøgGg<edIm> dUcrU:vcrkuslcitþeT. edayehtu enaH

buraNacarüeTIbelakeBalza

knøgnUvGarmµN¾ TaMgenHÉg.

bNiÐtTaMgLay

?

GrUbsmabtiþTaMg4enH

EtgminbMNgkarknøgnUvGg<

Etgmanedaykar énGrUbsmabtiþ

taragGrU:vcrcitþ 12dYg GarmµN¾

bBa©mCÄan

kusl

vi:k

kiriya

rYm

Gakas

GakasanBa©aytn;

1

1

1

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viBa¦aN

viBa¦aNBa©aytn;

1

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GIVminman GakiBa©Ba¦aytn;

1

1

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envsBa¦anasBa¦aytn;

1

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rYm ;

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‘cb´GrU:vcresaPNcitþ 12dYg’

164

taragmhK<tcitþ 27dYg

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rU:vcrkusl 5 rU:vcrvi:k 5 rU:vcrkiriya 5

mhK<tcitþ 27 GrU:vcrcitþ 12

GrU:vcrkusl 4 GrU:vcrvi:k 4 GrU:vcrkiriya 4

‘cb´mhK<tcitþ 27dYg’

cb´rU:vcresaPNcitþ12dYg

165

X-elakutþresaPNcitþ 8dYg Baküza elakutþr KW elak = ótþr ERbza; elIBIelak ß putBIelak.

Baküza elakutþrcitþ KWcitþEdlelIBIelak ßputBIelak. mann&yza Cacitþ

EdlmanGarmµN¾eLIgputBIsPavZm(manenAkñúgelak TTYlGarmµN¾sPavZm(eRkABIelak

RBHniBVan.

kñúgcitþ89dYg

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ßzaCacitþEdlmanGMNac

:nGarmµN¾enaH

citþEdlnwgGacTTYlRBHniBVanCaGarmµN¾:nR:kd

KW:ndl´ manEt8

dYgb¨ueNÑaH eRkABIenaHsUm|ImancitþxøH nigGacTTYlGarmµN¾RBHniBVan:n k*minR:kd dUecñaHehIyeTIbehAcitþ 8dYgenaHzaCa elakutþrcitþ. kñúgelakutþrcitþ

elakutþrkuslcitþ

8dYgenH

CaRbePT1

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2RbePT

nigplcitþ4dYg

GnaKamimK<citþM

elakutþrkuslcitþ 4dYg

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«mani ctþaribi elakutþrkuslcitþani nam. ERbza;

esatabtiþmK<citþ

1dYg

GnaKamimK<citþ

1dYg

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briniBVayI

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kñúgmnusSelakenH :nekItenAkñúgeTvelakenaH ehIycutiBIeTvelakenaH rYcmkekIt kñúgmnusSelak eTIbbriniBVankñúgmnusSelakenH.

1-GnþrabriniBVayI

RBHGnaKamI 5RbePT

:ndl´RBHGnaKamI

GñkbdisnÆikñúgsuTÆavasPUmiNamYy

ehIybriniBVan munBak´kNþalGayuexyü énPUmienaH.

2-óbhc©briniBVayI :ndl´RBHGnaKamI GñkbdisniÆkñúgsuTÆavasPUmiNamYy

ehIybriniBVan knøgBak´kNþalGayuexyü énPUmienaH.

3-Gsg¡arbriniBVayI :ndl´RBHGnaKamI GñkbdisnÆikñúgsuTÆavasPUmiNamYy

ehIysMercRBHGrhtþbriniBVanedayRsYl mincaM:c´BüayameRcIn.

4-ssg¡arbriniBVayI :ndl´RBHGnaKamI GñkbdisnÆikñúgsuTÆavasPUmiNamYy

ehIysMercRBHGrhtþ:nedaylM:k kñúgTIenaH.

caM:c´RtUvBüayameRcIn

eTIbbriniBVan

5-óTÆMesaeta GknidðKamI :ndl´RBHGnaKamI GñkbdisnÆitaMgBIsuTÆavasPUmi

xageRkamNamYy

KWGvihaPUmi

‘manGayu1000mhakb|’

cutiehIyekItkñúg

Gtb|aPUmi ‘manGayuu2000mhakb|’ cutiehIyekItkñúgsuTsSaPUmi ‘manGayu4000 mhakb|’

cutiehIyekItkñúgsuTsSIPUmi

‘manGayu

8000mhakb|’

cutiehIyekItkñúgGkniñdðaPUmi ‘manGayu 16000mhakb|’ eTIbbriniBVan. RBHGrhnþ 2RbePT

1-RBHGrhnþEdlsMerc edaybBa¦avimutiþ

2-RBHGrhnþEdlsMerc edayecetavimutiþ RBHGrhnþGñkbBa¦avimutiþ

manQanlaPI

xøH:nviC¢a3KW

minmanQanlaPI

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178

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nig

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rU:vcrcitþ seRg<aHkñúgRbePTénQan manbfmCÄanCaedImya¨gNa elakutþr

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bfmCÄan

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ttiyCÄan

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nimYy>

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rU:vcrkiriya1’ nigelakutþrcitþ8dYg.

TutiyCÄancitþman11dYg KW rU:vcrcitþ3dYg nigelakutþrcitþ8dYg.

ttiyCÄancitþman11dYg KW rU:vcrcit3 þ dYg nigelakutþrcitþ8dYg.

ctutæCÄancitþman11dYg KW rU:vcrcitþ3dYg nigelakutþrcitþ8dYg. bJ©mCÄancitþman23dYg elakutþrcitþ8dYg.

KW

rU:vcrcitþ3dYg

179

GrU:vcrcitþ12dYg

nig

cMENkcitþedayBisþar

citþedayseg¡bman 89dYg . *sMEdgedayPUmi KW ? kamavcrcitþ

54dYg

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GrU:vcrcitþ

12dYg

CaGrU:vcrPUmi

rU:vcrcitþ

15dYg

Gnutþrcitþ

8dYg

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CakuslCati.

vi:kcitþ36dYg

CarU:vcrPUmi

CaelakutþrPUmi CaGkuslCati

‘mhakusl8

mhK<tkusl9

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Gehtukkuslvi:k8

mhK<tvi:k9 elakutþrvi:k4’ Cavi:kCati. Cati.

kiriyacitþ20dYg

‘Gehtukkiriya3

edayelakutþrkusl

eTIbkuslcitþedayseg¡b21dYg

mhakiriya8

nigelakutþrvi:kedayBisþar eTACaman37dYg

vi:k52dYg

edayBisþar

20dYg bNiÐitTaMgLayeBalnUvcitþedayBisþarza man121dYg. 89dYgedayseg¡b.

vi:kcitþ36dYgenaH

b¨uEnþelaksMEdgkuslcitþ37dYg

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180

Cakiriya

nimYy>man20dYg nigvi:kcitþeday

rYmCamYyGkuslcitþ12dYg

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mhavi:k8

mhK<tkiriya9’

seg¡b36dYg eTACaman52dYgedayBisþar. kuslcitþ37dYg

elakutþrkusl4’

nigkiriyacitþ

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vi:kcitþ52dYgenaH

KW

kuslcitþBisþar 37dYg

kamavcrkuslcitþ

ßmhakuslcitþ

8 dYg

mhK<tkuslcitþ ‘rU:vcrkusl5 nigGrU:vcrkusl4’ 9 dYg

elakutþrkuslcitþ ‘mK<citþ4 KuNnwg Qan5’ rYm

Gkuslvi:kcitþ

20 dYg

37 dYg

vi:kcitþedayBisþar 52dYg

7 dYg

Gehtukkuslvi:kcitþ

8 dYg

mhavi:kcitþ

8 dYg

mhK<tvi:kcitþ ‘rU:vcrkusl5 nigGrU:vcrkusl4’ 9 dYg

elakutþrvi:kcitþ ‘plcitþ4 KuNnwg Qan5’

20 dYg

rYm

52 dYg

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1-edayCati Gkuslcitþ12dYg CaGkuslCati kuslcitþ

37 dYg

CakuslCati

kiriyacitþ

20 dYg

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rU:vcrcitþ

15 dYg

CarUbPUmi

elakutþrcitþ

40 dYg

CaelakutþrPUmi

vi:kcitþ 2-edayPUmi

52 dYg

kamavcr

54dYg

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12 dYg

suxshKtcitþ Tuk¡shKtcitþ

1 dYg 1 dYg

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181

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CaGrUbPUmi

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CaesamnsSevTna

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55dYg

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Caóebk¡aevTna

citþ121dYg Canehtu citþminmanehtuRbkb 18dYg CaGehtukcitþ

citþEdlmanehtuRbkb 103dYg Casehtukcitþ

5-edaysm|yutþ sm|yutþcitþ87dYgKW

CajaNsm|yutþ 79 TidðiKtsm|yutþ

4

vicikicäasm|yutþ

1

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6-edaysg¡ar 7-edayesaPN; 8-edayQan citþEdlenAsl´67KW 9-edayelakiy; 10-edaykic©

11-edayGarmµN¾ 12-edayTVar

2 1

34dYg

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ssg¡arikcitþ84dYg Cassg¡arik

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54dYg

CaesaPNcitþ CaGQancitþ

rU:vcrcitþ 15 GrU:vcrcitþ12

elakutþrcitþ 40 CaQancitþ. citþ81dYg citþ40dYg

Caelakiycitþ.

Caelakutþrcitþ.

citþ121 eZIVkic©:n14kic©

citþ121dYg manGarmµN¾ 6 citþ121dYg GaRs&yTVar6

bdisnÆi Pvg< cuti.

182

nigTVarvimutiþ kaleZIV

13-edayvtæú

citþ117dYg ekItRtg´vtæúTaMg6 citþ4dYg minGaRs&yvtæú

14-edayviBa¦aNZatu citþ121dYg CaviBa¦aNZatu7.

vinicä&yGsg¡arik nigssg¡arik

enaHKW

citþ87dYg RBHGnuruTÆacarümineBalza CaGsg¡arik nigCassg¡arikeT citþTaMg

40dYg.

emahmUlcitþ2dYg

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mhK<tcitþ27dYg

nigelakkutþrcitþ

b¨uEnþekciGacarüeBalza emahmUlcitþ2dYg nigGehtukcitþ18dYg seRg<aHCa

Gsg¡arik nigeBalza mhK<tcitþ27dYg elakutþrcitþ40dYg Cassg¡arik.

esckIþenHRBHdIkacarü GñkrcnaKmI¬r GPiZmµtæviPavinI mineXIjmankarseRg<aH

dUcekciGacarüya¨genaHeT

b¨uEnþelakmanKMnitRsbtamBakürbs´RBHGnuruTÆacarü

tamn&yepSg> K W?

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edayóebk¡a

minmansg¡ar

eRBaHCacitþvegVg

citþenHk*minepSgKña

citþ2dYgenH

nigCacitþsgS&y

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nigeRBaHminmanGñkdwknaM.

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mansMnYrza

karBnøúHmK< k*GacehAzaGsg¡arik:neTetI/

ehIyEdl:nmkedaykarRbkbsmz;

CaÉkehtuk;

raymay

shKt

ehIyRKb´>kal.

eRBaHminmankmøaMgedayPav;énxøÜn

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eqøIyza minGacehAGsg¡arik eRBaHQanTaMgGs´ ev[rcakkartak´EtgdMbUgKW

brikmµehIy nwgekIteLIgedayGMNackartaMgcitþxagedImEtmüa¨g k*min:n. TaMgmin GacehAzassg¡arikEdr

eRBaHev[rcakkartaMgcitþxagedImehIy

tak´Etg KWbrikmµEtmüa¨gb¨ueNÑaHk*min:n. n&ymüa¨geT[tza

Qan

ekIteLIgedaykar

EdlekIteLIgedayGMNackartak´EtgdMbUgEtmüa¨g

nwg CaGsg¡arik kñúgeBlxøH RKaxøHk*min:nEdr edayehtuenaH GacarüeTIbminehA

183

zaGsg¡arik

ya´¨genHÉg.

nigminehAzassg¡arik

KWminmanesckIþepSgedaysg¡arePTeT

dUecñHkarEckcitþ121dYg edayn&ysg¡ar KW ? citþ17dYg

CaGsg¡arikcitþ

citþ17dYg