Volume 8 Issue 10 April 2019
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EXPERIENCE MAGICAL MOMENTS WITH FLORA AND FAUNA OF
SOUTH INDIA Majuli
The Disappearing Island Paradise
Shravanabelagola
A Passage in Time
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he state is ready getting ready for the upcoming elections amid the blistering heat. In this issue we bring you the wonders of History and nature to take your mind of the heat. Majuli, the River island in Assam has been a gaining attention as a primary tourist interest. The island which is the first river island district in India holds the Guinness record for the biggest river island in the world. Unfortunately, the island is now shrinking due to soil erosion, floods and earthquakes. But those seeking adventure and willing to merge with nature will find Majuli a paradise with boat rides, grasslands and monsoon showers and so on. One will be exposed to the various philosophies and culture and co-exist and thrive there.
Foreword
Hi Readers
The town of Shravanabelagola holds significance in the religious circuits of India. The town is enriched with the mesmerizing statue of Gommateshwara, but also to numerous Jain temples or basadis dedicated to the various Tirthankaras of Jainism. It is also the resting place of Bhadrabahu, a disciple of Mahaveera Jaina. The Chandragiri hill at this town is named after Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan Empire is believed to have died here. The myriad and sundry flora and fauna of South India, has been subject of widespread attention and innumerable studies. It has been a treasure trove for ornithologist, zoologist, geologists and environmentalists. The national parks, wild life sanctuaries, bio reserves, bird sanctuaries and fresh water sanctuaries, which in total goes above 200 shows the diverse ecosystems prevalent in the South
Happy reading!
SIJI NAIR
Managing Editor & Director e-mail: sijicn@gmail.com
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Volume 8 - Issue 10 - April 2019
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Disappearing 18 MAJULI-The Island Paradise
24 SHRAVANABELAGOLA A Passage in Time 32 Experience Magical Moments with
Flora and Fauna of SOUTH INDIA
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HINTERLANDS
MAJULI
The Disappearing Island Paradise
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ive into your inner craving to escape the banal aspects of daily life, the mundane beaches, the resort choked hill stations, and the social media suffocating, picture postcard locales. An urge to discover the unexplored, the unheard, the unseen? We have hunted out the exotic gems hidden away, the idyllic getaways and yes, closer home to match all your daydreams of a slice of heaven on earth.
Why Majuli? The mighty ‘Son of Brahma’, the sacrosanct Brahmaputra is tempestuous, but he always gives more than he takes! Along with its ana branch, the Kherkutia Xuti and the Subansiri River, he births Majuli, a verdant riverine island. For people seeking an adventure of a different kind, Majuli it is. Exhilarating boat rides, an oasis of green rice fields, endless
grasslands, boundless monsoon showers, rain-laden skies, Chang Ghars (stilt houses of tribals) amidst wetlands, all shout out a promise to keep your visit as vibrant as it’s picturesque surroundings. Majuli has many feathers on its cap. It holds the Guinness record for the biggest river island in the world and India’s first river island district. Sadly now, it is now one of the disappearing islands of the world too. At the peak of its vastness, the Majuli island stretched over an astounding 1250 square kilometres during the 20th century, before soil erosion and floods reduced it to a mere 352 square kilometres. Subject to catastrophic earthquakes in the past, the island gradually dissipated while the surrounding lake grew.
How to get there? Jorhat, one of the busiest city in upper Assam is the portal to Majuli. Daily flights from Guwahati, weekly four
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flights from Kolkata or a 7- hour bus ride from Guwahati, brings you to Jorhat. Further, a 14 kilometre ride takes you to Neemati Ghat. Luxury cruise boats are available to cross over the Brahmaputra. For an added adrenaline rush opt for an hour-long ride in the rickety motor boat to Kamalabari Ghat, the nearest river port from where all ferries and motorboats operate. For the not so spunky, there is a temporary bridge connecting Majuli to Lakhimpur and northern Assam. Further etching into your memory is the ride in these magnificent boats that ferries private vehicles along with goats, pigs, hens or if needed, an elephant and its mahout (so says the Government authorised Toll Rate board that is displayed here). Fret not and relax in the assurance that you and your vehicles are in safe hands. Shared autos, buses or hired cars awaits at the pristine white river banks that remind of a beach holiday. Some slight haggling, that is
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when your private vehicle comes handy and a ride through the bumpy, dusty roads and lush green surroundings takes you to the centre of the island, passing through bamboo houses on stilts, carefree roaming animals and the warm welcoming tribals engaged in their day to day activities. A soothing balm to the weary eyed metropolitans.
What to see? A cosmos of Assamese and Vaishnavite culture, it’s various philosophies coexist and thrive here. One of the important towns is Kamalabari, where the Satras are. Satras are monasteries of the Neo- Vaishnavite monks founded by Srimanta Sankardev. These are the cultural seats where Sattriya (Classical dance form), Gayan and Bayan (music) and Bhaona (drama) have been developed for over five centuries for religious practices and as a medium to propagate the religion. The synchronised foot work along
The mighty ‘Son of Brahma’, the sacrosanct Brahmaputra is tempestuous, but he always gives more than he takes! Along with its anabranch, the Kherkutia Xuti and the Subansiri River, he births Majuli, a verdant riverine island. with the playing of the Khols and Taal by the Bayans to the devotional songs by the Gayans is an entrancing visual treat. Out of the sixty-six glorious Satras that once stood as the epicentres of the cultural and traditional art forms, only twenty-two are remaining. Every Satra has unforgettable characters and tells a unique story. The most important and iconic ones are the Garamur Satra, housing a museum of the medieval era, Auniati Satra established by the Ahom King in 1653, Chamaguri Satra, that propagates the art of mask making, Dakshinpat Satra, the spiritual hub and home of the Raas leela and the Kamalabari Satra. The Kamalabari Satra is the hub of art, craft, culture, classical studies and literature. Majuli is inhabited predominantly by the Mishing tribe, but the Sonowal, the Kacharis, the Deoris, the Ahoms are also seen here. Rich in both natural and cultural history, Majuli is rightly called the ‘Cultural Capital of Assam’. The main festivals here are the
spectacular Raas Leela festival in midNovember, which lasts for three days, Bathow Puja worshipping Lord Shiva and the Ali-ai-Ligang, a colourful spring festival of the Mishing tribe (around the month of February) marking the onset of the paddy sowing season and lasts for about five days. A sight to behold here is the traditional Gumrag Soman, the folk dance of the Mishing tribe, typically performed by the young boys and girls of the community in all its radiance and gaiety. Christmas is celebrated by the Christians of the Mishing tribe.
What to buy? Craft is the second major source of income after agriculture and given a lot of importance. Pottery made of beaten clay and burnt in kilns, cane and bamboo craft (especially the fans made of beet leaves), the hand weaved silk and cotton items made in traditional looms following indigenous methods April 2019
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by the women folk of Majuli are all popular souvenirs. The masks made in the Chamaguri Satra, using bamboo, paper and cow dung and used in the theatrical performances and dramas that take place are also excellent keepsakes. Among the variety of rice that are cultivated here, the Komal Saul, a type of rice that can be eaten after immersing in warm water for 15 minutes, the Bora Saul, a sticky brown rice and Bao Dhan that grows under water are all interesting buy. The people of Majuli are sociable and hospitable, further adding to the delightful experience the riverine island promises you. These simple people living simple lives and with golden hearts often opens up their homes to visitors for a taste of Purang apin, a traditional dish of rice wrapped in special leaves and Apong or rice beer. Mutton from the local grass-fed goats and the tribal special pork dishes are the delicacies here. Simple fish, chicken or meat dishes and rice is the staple diet.
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What next? The island is a rare biodiversity hotspot. A sight for sore eyes, a photographer’s paradise! Migratory birds are aplenty, especially towards the southern side of the island. The Molai Forest created by Jadav Payeng, the Forest man of India, in all its luscious grandeur lies nearby. Jorhat (44 km), the last capital of the Ahom era, the Ahom Palaces and monuments at Sivasagar (85 km), the tea capital of the world, Dibrugarh (165 km) and the Kaziranga National Park (154 km) are some of the other interesting tourist destinations nearby. Majuli, an idyllic retreat is best explored on foot or on cycles devouring the seemingly endless stretches of green plains, drizzled with earthy brown streaks of water, the simplicity of the village and its colourful people. Cycle tourism is catching up here and recently the Government launched it’s ‘Cycle cafe’ with 30 eyepopping orange coloured cycles to promote carbon-free tourism. Sadly, the much coveted UNESCO world heritages site tag, for the uniqueness of its heritage
The people of Majuli are sociable and hospitable, further adding to the delightful experience the riverine island promises you.
and culture, has been eluding Majuli. Promises of building a bridge are being made and though that means the ferry ride is lost, it will bring a greater connectivity to the people especially in times of the adverse natural conditions which are so prevalent here.
Where to stay? With the advent of tourism, a number of basic home stays and guesthouses have mushroomed here to ensure a comfortable stay. For an insight into the local culture and a distinctive experience of rural life, cottages built in traditional Mishing style are available. One such place is the Eco Camp- Me Po Okum. Government- owned tourist lodges, the Prasanti Cottages and the Circuit House offer a decent stay. Some of the Satras have guesthouses that provide a basic stay.
When to visit? Strategically, the best time to pay a visit is during the winter, from November to early March. The monsoons bring out
the best in Majuli and also the floods. A tryst with the wild nature nevertheless makes for a monumental experience for the daredevils. Summers from April to June are hot and humid; however, the nights can be quite chill and pleasant. Brahmaputra is a part of the lives of these people and they have learned to live with the river. Globalisation affects everywhere; technology and mobile phones have reached the insides of the Satras too. It is the need of the hour. Let us bring a change in our attitude and learn to respect and live with the nature, before Majuli becomes just another name in the books of history. Born from the earth’s temper and shaped by the flood and rain, Majuli is one of nature’s finest creations. The occurrences that once gave rise to the island continue to work on it, gradually eating it away. Majuli is now considered as a disappearing island and perhaps this title issued to it may serve as a gentle reminder to make haste and catch a glimpse of this hinterland, before time makes you regret it! April 2019
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CULINARY WORLD PILGRIMAGE
Shravanabelagola A
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Passage in Time
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mindful year-long penance that culminated in the omniscience intrinsic to human souls, revealed only to those who renounce all worldly desires is manifested in the imposing statue of Gommateshwara that overlooks and protects the town of Shravanabelagola near Channarayapatna in Hassan District, Karnataka in South India. According to legend Gommateshwara or Bahubali was one of the hundred sons born to Rishabhanatha or Adinatha, the first among the 24 Tirthankaras or spiritual leaders of Jainism. When Rishabhanatha decided to renounce the world and embrace an ascetic life, he divided his kingdom among his sons. The eldest, Bharata was crowned king of Ayodhya, while Bahubali was deemed heir apparent to the kingdom of Asmaka in the South with its capital at Paudanapura. The brothers eventually squabbled for control of their father’s vast land. 98 of the brothers bowed down to Bharata, giving up their territories for a life of penance and meditation. Bahubali, on the other hand, was ambitious, much to his brother’s annoyance. The two brothers eventually came face-to-face in a series of conflicts won by Bahubali. Bahubali’s victory brought him immense shame and grief. Overcome with disgust at the world, he renounced his kingdom to his brother and retreated to a life of penance. It is here that he adopted the standing position while meditating, also known as kayotsarga, for a period of one year. During this period, he meditated relentlessly, despite the vines, ants, and dust that enveloped his frame. It is believed that on the last day, his brother Bharata came to Paudanapura to venerate him. Having finally overcome the pain and regret caused by the conflict with Bharata, Bahubali attained supreme enlightement. In honour of his omniscience, Bharata erected a statue in Paudanapura. Over time, this statue came to be covered in anthills and mounds of mud, visible only to chosen devouts. Subsequently, the legend of the statue of Bahubali intrigued Chavundaraya, the general of the ruler of the Western Ganga dynasty in South India. Having narrated the same to his mother, he set out with her on a long pilgrimage to the site of the statue. On route, he dreamed of a Yakshini, a nature spirit, directing him to erect a statue of Lord Bahubali in the erstwhile Paudanapura. The next morning as he reached the top of the Chandragiri hill, he shot an arrow at the first rays of the sun to the top of the Vindhyagiri hill on the opposite side where an image of Gommateshwara appeared in a flash. The April 2019
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devout Chavundaraya resolved to erect a statue of Bahubali at the place where the arrow landed. A 57-foot tall monolithic image of Bahubali in the kayotsarga position was carved skillfully from granite by artisans under the supervision of the sage Arishtanemi in 983 A.D. Alternately, scriptures at the base of the statue place its origins to 981 A.D. Gommateshwara or Bahubali is a revered figure in Jainism, an ancient Indian religion that guides people to overcome their cycle of rebirths to attain liberation. Lord Bahubali is believed to have achieved liberation at the sacred Mount Kailash in India. His impressive features carved in stone in Shravanabelagola mark the town as a site of pilgrimage for the Jain community in Karnataka and in India. Nestled between the hills of Vindhyagiri and Chandragiri, Shravanabelagola which is about 144 kilometres away from the city of Bangalore literally translates into “White Pond of the Monk�, an allusion to the beautiful pond built in the center of the town. Studded with an impressive array of temples, the town is steeped in history and occupies
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a place of importance on the religious map of India. It is not only home to the massive free-standing image of Lord Bahubali, but also to numerous Jain temples or basadis dedicated to the various Tirthankaras of Jainism. The town is a landmark in ancient Indian history and Jain legacy, with the various temples and caves dotting the hills serving as reference points to important historical events. It is the resting place of Bhadrabahu, a disciple of Mahaveera Jaina, the last Tirthankara, who passed away in a cave on Chandragiri hill while leading a migration of followers from Ujjain to South India to escape a prolonged 12-year famine that he had predicted, marking the beginning of the spread of Jainism to South India. Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan Empire in India is said to have meditated and venerated the feet of Bhadrabahu when he embraced a life of asceticism. The name of the hill is an ode to the Emperor who is said to have died here in 298 B.C. The Chandragupta Basadi is the smallest of the temples, yet one of the most beautiful in terms of workmanship dating back to the
The temples of Vindhyagiri offer a stiff competition to the beauty and impressiveness of their counterparts on the opposite hill. Among these, the Gommateshwara statue of Bahubali stands out impressively and is a distinguishing marker of the town.
9th – 12th Century A.D. Chavundaraya also commissioned a basadi dedicated to Neminatha Swamy, the 22nd Tirthankara. Numerous other temples constructed to venerate the Tirthankaras and monks who meditated on Chandragiri dot the expanse of the hill such as the Shantinatha Basadi, and the Parshwanatha Basadi. These are exemplars of the beautiful architecture of the Ganga and Hoysala dynasties in South India, their skill and craftsmanship are among some of the best the country has to offer. The temples of Vindhyagiri offer a stiff competition to the beauty and impressiveness of their counterparts on the opposite hill. Among these, the Gommateshwara statue of Bahubali stands out impressively and is a distinguishing marker of the town. It is one of the largest free standing monolithic statues in the world, proportionate, elegant and finely detailed with attention paid to his physical features and facial expressions that reveal his worldly detachment, inner peace, and calm vitality. An anthill is carved in the background, symbolic of Bahubali’s incessant penance, from
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which a snake and a vine emerge to twine around his legs and arms and culminate in clusters of flowers and berries carved elegantly on the upper arms. The statue is nude, the lack of attire representing his victory over earthly desires and material needs that hinder the attainment of absolute knowledge. The entire figure of Bahubali stands on top of an open lotus and is flanked by intricately ornamented and beautiful nature spirits on either side bearing traditional fans. The statue is enclosed in a pillared hall depicting 43 images of the Tirthankaras. Once in 12 years, the statue of Gommateshwara is anointed in offerings of purified water, sandalwood paste, saffron paste, milk, sugarcane juice, turmeric and vermillion powders, flower petals, gold and silver coins and precious stones in a festive ceremony known as the Mahamastakabhisheka or the Grand Consecration. The festival attracts thousands of devotees from all across the country as well as tourists who throng the town to catch a glimpse of the ceremonial grandeur. The Mahamastakabhisheka continues for weeks and begins when devotees
carry 1,008 specially prepared kalashes or vessels that contain the offerings. Consecrated water is sprinkled on the participants and devotees followed by the anointment of the Gommateshwara statue from scaffolding erected for this precise purpose. In recent times, the consecration ends with a spectacular shower of flower petals from a hovering helicopter above. Simultaneous consecrations of Bahubali statues and images are held in temples across southern Karnataka. This year the ceremony was held between 17th and 25th February 2018. This visually spectacular event is a continuation of a historic Jain tradition. According to local legend, in later years the general Chavundaraya was filled with pride over his achievement of the impressive statue of Bahubali. As he set out to perform the Mahamastakabhisheka, the anointing liquids refused to flow down the navel of the statue. At that moment an old woman called Gullikayajji arrived with milk in the shell of a white Gullikai fruit (eggplant). Ridiculed by the participants, the old woman was encouraged by Chavundaraya’s guru to anoint the head of the statue. As she began to pour the milk, it ran down the length of the statue to its feet and covered the surrounding hill! Humbled and chastened, Chavundaraya called for the Mahamastakabhisheka to be commemorated every 12 years. Since then the ceremony has been observed without fail. Gullikayajji’s ornamented figure is sculpted in the pillared hall within which Bahubali stands tall. The Vindhyagiri hill offers a breath taking view of the verdant expanse below and the town of
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Shravanabelagola. As with the Chandragiri hill, rock-cut steps lead up to the Gommateshwara statue at the top. The temples here are equally impressive. One such example is the Odegal Basadi, a fine example of Hoysala architecture of the 14th Century. The temple derives its name from the odegal or stone props against the basement walls characteristic of its structure. The interior ceiling is supported by lathe-turned pillars while the ceiling itself is intricately carved with a detailed lotus bud motif. Dedicated to the worship of the Tirthankaras, their images in the sanctum are carved in schist with unparalleled skill. Shravanabelagola offers a fantastic opportunity to visitors to gain insights into Jain mythology, art and architecture through its numerous temples, vivid paintings depicting social life and nature on the walls of the Sri Jain Matha and the magnificent temple complexes characteristic of Western Ganga and Hoysala sculpture. The town is an absolute visual delight. Shravanabelagola is easily accessible by air, road, and rail. The nearest airport is 157 kilometres away in Bangalore. The town is a railway station well connected by trains from Mysore via Hassan. One can also get here by road from Bangalore, Mysore or Hassan. While at Shravanabelagola, experience the local warmth and hospitality of the townspeople, immerse in the sights and sounds of the local market and savour the cuisine of southern Karnataka. A visit to Shravanabelagola is an undeniably enriching spiritual experience, a pilgrimage that takes you back through the passages of time!
ECO ESSENCE
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Experience Magical Moments with
Flora and Fauna of
SOUTH
INDIA
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T
he varied topography of South India with the Eastern ghats and the Western ghats and the extensive shoreline support a diverse ecosystem. Flora and Fauna in the region is magnificent and extensive. The enchanting green forests in the area offer wide opportunities to experience the beauty of nature with wildlife. Several endemic plants and animals are seen in the biodiverse hotspots of South India. The varied climatic conditions and geography are ideal locations to conduct scientific studies for ornithologist, zoologist, geologists and environmentalists. Wildlife enthusiasts, get spoiled for choice with the number of zoological parks, nature reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries in South India. Right from the hills of Nallamala and the Eastern Ghats to the shores of Bay of Bengal, the State of Andhra Pradesh has the presence of a diverse wildlife. Indira Gandhi Zoological Park of Visakhapatnam has over 400 varieties of fauna, including some exotic species of animals from Australia. Experience stunning scenery and beautiful animals at this park, which has five enclosures for monkeys and primates, special dens for lions and tigers, six enclosures for deer and eight specially designed enclosures for small mammals. Watch out for the big cats, particularly the white tiger. Pulicat Sanctuary is the second largest brackish water lagoon in India. Situated along the coast of Bay of Bengal, this sanctuary is a nesting and feeding location for aquatic and terrestrial birds. Reptiles like monitor lizards, Russell’s vipers, and cobras are spotted in this dry evergreen
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forest. Flamingoes, pelicans, a wide variety of storks, ibises, egrets, pintails, terns, sandpipers, grey herons, and cormorants find Pulicat sanctuary to have a perfect environment. Wouldn’t it be for nature lovers? The deltaic region between the rivers of Krishna and Godavari has one of the best fresh water sanctuaries in India - Kolleru Lake Bird Sanctuary. A haven for migratory birds from Siberia, Philippines, Australia and Egypt, it indeed is a sanctuary for ornithologists. The lush greenery and the placid lake has birds like red-chested pod chards, pintails, herons, egrets, migratory ducks, water birds, pelicans, teals, ibises and storks. Around sixty-three species of fish, crustaceans and molluscs are also found in this lake. Casual birdwatchers and nature lovers out there – do not miss out on this destination with its rich flora and fauna. An oasis of lush green valleys, steep slopes, deep gorges, and plateaus can be experienced between the hills of Tirumala and Seshachalam – and this is the Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park. Mostly dry deciduous, the Park has some waterfalls too. The Park is home to several mammals, birds and reptiles along with around 1,500 flora species belonging to 176 families. Indian giant squirrel, treeshrew, flying lizards, nilgai, hyena, leopard, wild boar, spotted deer, bison, blackbuck, mongoose, fox, civet, sloth bear, bears and sambar, are some of the animals in the Park. One may look forward to spotting the rare slender loris and the golden gecko. Karnataka beckons the wildlife enthusiasts with a large number of Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Bird Sanctuaries and dedicated Bear,
Blackbuck, Pelicanry and Peacock Sanctuaries. Going wild in Karnataka would only be therapeutic. Spending hours at the Dubare Elephant Camp would let one understand the history, ecology and biology of elephants. Just watch or even participate – it is left to you. The chances of spotting around 197 species of birds are high in Anshi National Park, situated in an ecosensitive part of the Western ghats. Every August and September, tourists would be seen braving torrential rains and leeches to catch a glimpse of the blooming flowers and enjoy the random cascades and the small springs and brooks. Bandipur Wildlife Sanctuary boasts to put your life back in to perspective. Watch out for the elusive animals, listen to the bird calls, take an elephant safari, look out for the
wickedly grinning crocodiles on the banks of Kabini river, there is a lot that would send a fresh breath of energy in to you. The monkeys, pythons, porcupines, sloth bear, sambar deer, and the more than 230 species of birds that could be spotted at Bandipur National Park would keep you busy – but of course, you would be refreshed and happy from that. Brahmagiri Mountains as a distant backdrop, Rajiv Gandhi National Park at Nagarahole provides an unhindered experience the natural sounds of the jungle. The abundant wildlife at the Park includes Asiatic elephant. Nagarahole derived its name from Nagara Hole or ‘Snake River’ in Kannada. Trekkers can rejoice! The Horse Face Range or Kudremukh offers relaxation and thrill for trekking enthusiasts with its immense natural beauty and the
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moderate trekking trail. Landscapes change as one treks through the lush green forests. Caves and ruins enroute from age-old civilizations is in addition to the captivating cascades, rare orchids and glowing streams. Another trekking destination is Bannerghatta National Park. Awaken your adventure spirits and opt for tiger and lion safari and a visit to the snake park. The Park also features a children’s corner for the tiny tots. The bird lovers who want just a touch and go at bird watching can opt for Adichunchanagiri Peacock Sanctuary, where peacocks are provided a favourable habitat. Various other bird species are also found here. In addition black-naped hare, jungle cat, common mongoose, and the bonnet macaque could be spotted at Adichunchanagiri. The best place to watch the Indian bison, sight the tiger and hear the striped hyena would be Bhadra or Muthodi Wildlife Sanctuary. Another significant Bird Sanctuary is the Ranganathittu just outside of Srirangapatna. Want to catch a ‘music and dance show’ by winged visitors? – Go up to Kokkrebellur Pelicanry and
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listen to the cacophonous calls and shrill cries of Pelicans and watch the painted storks and pelicans performing in their breeding plumage. Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary makes sure anglers and nature enthusiasts receive a high level of raw adventure. It is a sight to behold Cauvery bouncing over the jagged rocks amidst the mountains. The Dandeli forests and River Kali gives life to the Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary. Travelers are charmed by this dream destination due to the presence of a myriad of possibilities. These include the Kavla Caves with its stalagmites that is similar to Shivling, Sykes Point providing a superb view of the Kalinadi valley, Nagajhari viewpoint, Kulgi Nature Camp, Syntheri Rocks, Supa dam, and the scenic Virnoli Rapids. The bears have it – a sanctuary of its own! Daroji Bear Sanctuary has spot hyenas, jackals, pangolins, leopards, wild boars, porcupines, star tortoise, rock agama, and monitor lizard in addition to the free-ranging bears. The bird watchers too can sight several endemic bird species at this sanctuary.
The BRT Wildlife Sanctuary has over 372 species of birds and wildlife such as elephants, leopards, tigers, wild dogs, black bucks, giant flying squirrels and four horned antelopes. Dodda Sampige Mara or the large Michelia Champaka tree is worshipped by the Soliga tribe and is believed to be more than 2000 years old. Preserved tribal information and the region’s biodiversity can be seen at the Vivekananda Girijana Kalyana Kendra located at this place. It is as an attempt to protect the natural habitat of the threatened blackbuck, Ranibennur Blackbuck Sanctuary is set up. Travelers can visit Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary to see birds like Malabar pied hornbill, Malabar Trogon, Malabar whistling thrush, and Ceylon frogmouth. The Gudavi Bird Sanctuary comes alive in the month of June with the Gudavi Lake’s banks showing up a mosaic of colours and the constant chirping of birds. Almost a holiday destination for little cormorant, jungle fowl, waterfowl, grey and night herons, pond heron, white-headed crane, and the black-headed crane.
The easternmost districts of Kerala has large tracts of biodiversity and wilderness. It also has a part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Not surprisingly, the State has more than a thousand species of trees, and also is home to a number of major fauna. A drive to Muthanga and beyond would provide a glimpse of pachyderms, tigers, and the abundance of birds and butterflies present in the Muthanga Wildlife Sanctuary which is a part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Katti Betta the highest peak in Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary is 1145 m above sea level. The cool highland climate, elevated picturesque mountainous plateau of the Western Ghats, and the virgin forests in Wayanad is bound to thrill adventure seekers and nature lovers alike. Be it Mountain Biking, Trekking, Rock Climbing, nature walks, wild life safari, or Offroading – Wayanad has it all. All that required from you is – reach there and experience them. The extensive sandalwood forest near Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary in Idukki is bound to evoke your senses. A visit to
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the Choolannur Pea Fowl Sanctuary near Palakkad would find our National Bird is roaming free since ages in this grove. The biodiversity of high elevation shola-grassland ecosystem is seen at Eravikulam National Park. It also has been a sanctuary for the endangered mountain goat – Nilgiri Tahr. The rolling grasslands and sholas are home to fauna such as leopard, tiger, Indian bison, Nilgiri Tahr and Nilgiri Langur. Enjoy the beauty of wild balsams and the rare terrestrial and epiphytic orchids at Anamudi – the highest peak south of Himalayas. The scenic area where the Kadalundi River flows into the Arabian Sea is home to native birds of more than a hundred species. During November to April migratory birds of over 60 species such as sandpipers, sandplovers, green and redshanks, turnstones, seagulls and terns flock to the Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary. Another must-visit for bird enthusiasts is the Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary. The water body of Vembanad lake attracts waterfowls such as garganey teal, pin-tailed and spot-billed ducks, and birds of prey like marsh harrier, osprey, steppe eagle. It would do well for the bird watchers to make a trip to Kumarakom between June and August due to the breeding season of resident wetland birds. Thattekkadu Bird Sanctuary shot into fame with Dr. Salim Ali reporting the rich diversity of bird species in the area. The more than 300 species includes the oft-spotted Bronzed Drongo, Malabar Grey Hornbill, Malabar Parakeet, Racket tailed Drongo, Rufous Babbler, Shama, Srilankan Frogmouth, Whitebellied Blue Flycatcher, Whitebellied Treepie, and Yellow-browed Bulbul. The State has
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a crocodile breeding centre at Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary. The Sanctuary located in the capital city of Kerala also has over a hundred species of fauna. At the outskirts of the city is Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary attracting ornithologists and wildlife enthusiasts with its rich population of mammalian fauna. Nestling between the Anamalai hills and the Nelliyampathy hills is the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve. The place also boasts of the world’s tallest and oldest teak tree – believed to be 350 years old. It also has the first scientifically managed teak plantation of the world. The breathtaking landscape of Parambikulam is reportedly the home to 16 species of amphibians, 39 species of mammals, 47 species of fish, 61 species of reptiles, over 1000 species of insects and 124 species of butterflies. The bird watchers can rejoice due to the presence of around 250 species of birds in this region. The lush hills are abode to several spectacular species of birds. The tiger population is on the rise in this Reserve. The picturesque spicescented plantations, hill towns and the Periyar forests make Thekkady another enchanting destination in God’s Own Country. Mountain walks, trekking, spotting the more than 60 species of fauna and the 265 species of birds, etc. capture the travelers’ hearts in more ways than one. The tropical semi-evergreen forest of Shendurney guarantees rejuvenation of the mind. This Wildlife Sanctuary is home to elephants, tigers, liontailed macaques, deer, etc. The area falls under the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve and has had recent
archaeological discovery of rock shelter with pre-historic engravings. Specially built camping houses inside the forest gives the place high ranking for adventure seekers and also provides an educational insight in to natural history of the environment and conservation of ecosystem. Silent Valley National Park is the core of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. This area can truly be considered the nursery of flora and fauna with its large number of enchanting flowering plants, about 200 species of butterflies, 150 species of birds, 34 species of mammals, and 400 species of moths. The bird species includes16 endemic birds of South India. Tamil Nadu has a varied and diverse topography including dry-deciduous forests, thorn forests, scrubs and mangroves, and a few cooler regions that are endowed with moist deciduous, wet evergreen forests and grasslands. The Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks offer an exciting view in to the diverse flora and fauna present in the State. Mudumalai Sanctuary is home to Barking Deer, Blackbuck, Elephant, Flying Squirrel, Four-horned Antelope (Chowsingha), Gaur, Lories, Malabar Giant Squirrel, Mouse deer, Panther, Porcupine, Slender Sloth bear, Sambar, Striped Hyena, Small Indian Civet, Spotted Deer, Tiger, Wild Dog, Wild Boar, etc. The swampy area between upper Kargudi and Mudumalai Game Hut makes an ideal place to watch out for Bison and Elephant. The Point Calimere Sanctuary has vast species of water birds like Gulls, Plovers, Teals, Terns, etc. and birds like flamingos. However, the Sanctuary is known for the conservation of endemic species of Blackbuck. Vallanadu
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Deer Sanctuary is another such sanctuary created especially for the blackbucks. The isolated hilly area also has Jungle cat, Spotted Deer, Wild Hares, Macaques, and Mongoose. The Heritage zone of Viralimalai Bird Sanctuary has a large number of wild peacocks roaming around the Murugan temple in the area. Even for a casual bird watcher, the spectacularly coloured peacocks would be a sight to behold. Vedanthangal & Karikili Bird Sanctuary sees migratory birds flocking in during the peak season of November to March. Nesting birds can be seen at close quarters. It is one of the oldest bird sanctuaries in the country. Adding beauty to Anamalai Hills are the Dams and Reservoirs, Estates, Grass Hills, Groves, Teak forests, Karian and Anaikunthi Sholas, and Waterfalls in the Indira Gandhi Wild Life Sanctuary area. Declared as a Project Tiger Zone, it also has Black Headed Oriole, Green Pigeon, Civet, Elephants, Gaur, Pangolin, Panther, and Sloth Bear. Several species of eagles and the Pied hornbill are also present in the area. The array of flora and fauna at Kalakadu Wild Life Sanctuary is huge. In the reptiles section King Cobra and Python and in the carnivores list Jackal, Panther and Tiger are among the fauna found in the place. A natural spring named Kudirai Mozhitheri attracts a large number of tourists. Trekking is permitted by forest department at Mundanthurai Sanctuary. It also comes under the list of bird watching locations. The Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary at Srivilliputtur
also has a Medicinal Plant Conservation Area in Thaniparai. The landscape at Mukkurthi National Park is picturesque with the interspersion of rolling grassy downs and temperate sholas occupying slopes and valleys. The tract holds a primeval beauty, which also acts as a crowd puller for trekking. Among the fauna in the area, significant ones are the butterflies with Himalayan affinity and the hill birds. The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve is one of the richest region from a marine biodiversity perspective. The National Park here would suit travelers who are interested in marine environment. The reserve consists of 21 islands with estuaries, Mudflats, Beaches, Forests of the on-shore environment, including marine components like Algae communities, Sea grasses, coral reefs, Salt marshes and Mangroves. Crocodile Park is situated close to the capital city of Tamil Nadu and has turtles, lizards and snakes in addition to the crocodiles. The Park is focused on conservation of reptiles and amphibians. At the heart of the capital city is Guindy National
Park, which has tropical dry evergreen vegetation. For the botanists, it is a treasure trove with more than 350 species of plants. Children too are taken care of with the Children’s park where they get to watch Black Buck, Bonnet Monkey, Cormorant, Cockatiel, Common Langur, Hyena, Grey Pelican, Jackal, Porcupine, Python, Night Heron, Mongoose, Sambar, and Spotted Deer. Regardless of age, Guindy National Park offers everyone something to look forward to. Telangana lies in the Deccan Plateau. Endangered animals such as blackbuck and chinkara thrive in the open and thorny forests and the grasslands named ‘Kanchas.’ The State of Telangana has several protected species of wildlife such as ‘egg-eating snake.’ The unique feature of Eturunagaram Wildlife Sanctuary is its climbers. The tree fossils in this Sarvai area and caves adds historical significance to the area. The natural park falls in the area of eco-region where there are various embryonic species of ephemeral
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elements. The thick natural vegetation is aided by the perennial river of Dayyam Vagu that flows through the sanctuary. Bird watching is made more attractive with the adventurous boat ride in the Manjira Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary. The sanctuary is of nine small beautiful islands. These islands and the thick forest area in the sanctuary are nesting sites for the birds. The flowing Pranahita river adds a mystic touch to the exotic beauty of Pranahita Wildlife Sanctuary. The lush and dark teak forests are a natural habitat for a variety of wild species. The lakes at Shamirpet and Ali Sagar Deer Parks ensure the tourists can take up water sports too at these parks. Brahminy Bucks, Bar-Headed Goose, and Open Billed Stork feature in the list of winged visitors to Pocharam Forest & Wildlife Sanctuary. An ideal spot for eco tourism, the sanctuary also is home to five species of antelopes and deer. Situated in the Nallamala forests, the Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Sanctuary is characterized by exciting winding roads and the mystifying landscape of the lofty hills and echoing valleys. River Krishna flows through the sanctuary. Wild cats offer a thrilling experience.
the tourist circuits. Adventure and thrill is the catchphrase at Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary, which has teak, bamboo, and other types of trees in its dry and dense forest. The monsoon season sees the sanctuary coming alive with a wide variety of flora and gives visitors more frequent viewings of wild animals. The mesmerizing range of low hills and the man-made lake of Pakhal at Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary gives the tourists to the place a stunning view. The mixed forests and the fauna add more to the grandeur of the sanctuary.
If one needs to see animals taking shelter in their natural homes, they need to visit the Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary. Home to different types of animals, the sanctuary has the river Kinnerasani carving out a path through it. Quails, peafowl, spoonbills, teals, doves, and jungle fowl are among the birds found in the sanctuary. Over the years, Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary for its crocodiles and Ujwala Deer Park for its deers have featured prominently in
The capital city of Hyderabad has four Parks. KBR National Park is home to colourful butterflies, and many species of animals. The park has over 600 species of flora and around 60 species of fauna. It is a rejuvenation site for the people from the city. The rocky exposures typical to Deccan marks the topography of Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park. Viewing towers or van safari would provide you enough occasions to watch the
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dinosaur park, a mini-train, and several parks and animal rides.
animals at close distance. The fauna at Mrugavani National Park is varied and the animals lie undisturbed in their cozy natural habitats. More than 1500 species of birds, animals and reptiles at the Nehru Zoological Park enables it to be one of the best zoos in Asia. Lion safari is a prominent feature here and the safari would also give a glimpse of how wild animals roam freely in the wilderness. The Park also features as a picnic spot with its natural history museum, nocturnal zoo, pre-historic
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Beyond imagination – is the only phrase that can be said about Andaman & Nicobar Islands. More than 2200 variety of plants are recorded till date from the 572 islands in the territory. Twelve types of forest coverage is seen in the islands. Andaman wild boar is among the 50 varieties of forest mammals present here. There are 14 endemic species of birds among the 270 found in the territory. It also has 225 species of butterflies and moths. Blessed with nature in abundance, the territory has a Biosphere Reserve, nine National Parks and about 96 Wildlife Sanctuaries. Over a thousand marine life is seen on the corals around the islands. The amazing variety of fish and the stunning view of corals would always stay in memory. The most significant wildlife haven of Puducherry is Ousteri Wildlife Sanctuary. The endemic species of Common-banded Peacock and the Crimson Rose are among the 60 species of butterflies present in Puducherry. The coast of Puducherry also becomes the nesting grounds of Olive Ridley turtles. The aquatic and terrestrial species of birds spotted in the area is around 160. This includes the Black-headed Ibis, the Darter, the Eurasian Spoon Bill, the Painted Stork and the Spot-billed Pelican. Tourists from all over the world are drawn to the abundant flora and fauna present in South India. The scenic settings, natural surroundings, and the flora and fauna – all this and more gives the tourists a magical encounter that they will cherish forever.