KAAP SKIL MARITIME + BEACHCOMBERS MUSEUM CASE STUDY ASC303 - TERM PROJECT
MICHAEL HANKUS DANIEL BOLESﾅ、W SOBIERAJ
CONTENTS PROJECT INFORMATION1 ABOUT THE KAAP SKIL2-3 PROGRAM+BUILDING ANALYSIS4 MATERIALS + SUSTAINABILITY5-6 STRUCTURE7-10 CONFORMING TO THE ONTARIO BUILDING CODE11-12 ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE12-15 CONCLUSION16
COVER PAGE GRAPHICS ARE ORIGINAL WORK BACKGROUND IMAGE RETRIEVED FROM http://www.mecanoo.nl/
KAAP SKIL MARITIME + BEACHCOMBERS MUSEUM
PROJECT INFORMATION
RETRIEVED FROM http://www.mecanoo.nl/
Loc a t i o n : Te x el Isl and, N etherl ands Ye a r o f C o mp letio n : 2011 Arch i t e c t : M e c anoo Archi tekten En gi n e e r: P i e t ers Bouw techni ek, U tr e c ht ( NL) Co s t : € 6 , 0 0 0 , 000 Bu i l d i n g U s e : Museum M a j o r O c c u p an cy : G roup A, D i vi si on 2
Building Height : 1 2 . 3 m Building Area: 40 0 m 2 Tot al Area: 1200m 2 Number of St oreys A b ove Gr ad e: 2 Number of St oreys B elow Gr ad e: 1 Building Use: Mus e u m M ajor Occupancy : G r o u p A, D i v i s i o n 2 KAAP SKIL MARITIME + BEACHCOMBERS MUSEUM 1
ABOUT THE KAAP SKIL Kaap Skil is a museum that focuses on context and defines spac-
The façade is made of driftwood collected locally.
Visitors can tour other buildings on the museum grounds to the South.
es through the use of light (Galindo, 2012). Located in the small harbour town of Oudeschild on Texel Island, the largest of the Wadden Islands, Kaap Skil references the ancient Dutch tradition of reusing driftwood by using strips of driftwood found in the North Holland Canal to compose the facade of the museum (Sypkens, 2012). The museum’s relatively small size and massing echoes the local architecture and gives the sense that the building exists in harmony with the existing city. By designing the ground floor as an extension of the city street, Kaap Skil has becomes a place that is culturally significant with a human touch (Valle, 2007). The transparent façade envelops the inner shell built of two solid walls on the East and West and two glass walls on the North and South (Lomholt, 2012).
CONTEXTUAL RELATIONSHIP
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The Kaap Skil is a contextually responsive building that articulates itself as complex parts that came together to create an iconic and recognizable image (Mecanoo, 2011). Four linked gabled roofs echoe the rhythm of the surrounding rooftops. From sea these look like waves rising out of a canal. The scale and relatively small size of Kaap Skil allows the building to exist in harmony within the fabric of the city but still be recognized from the rest. The building facade that protects the interior shell from the stormy climate is made of driftwood that is found in the nearby North Holland Canal, this relates to the age-old Dutch tradition of using driftwood to create their houses and addresses the global concern of environmental consciousness by recycling material (Mecanoo, 2011). The massing of the building along with its wooden facade makes the building look like a reincarnation of the traditional Dutch house. The museum sits on the South side of Oudeschild’s main road. There is a canal to the South of Kaap Skil and a port to the East (Lomholt, 2012).
SITE PLAN
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KAAP SKIL MARITIME + BEACHCOMBERS MUSEUM 2
ABOUT THE KAAP SKIL Through the use of natural and artificial light as well as constriction and expansion, the visitor is carried through different and distinct experiences within the same building (Mecanoo,
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2011). The extensive use of glass and minimal structure allows for an overall transparency in the building that allows light to penetrate and cast interesting shadows throughout the interiors (Lomholt, 2012). In the basement projectors animate the space and take visitors back in time to the Dutch Golden Age (Mecanoo, 2011).
LIGHT ANALYSIS
ANALYTICAL EXPLODED AXO
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SECTIONAL LIGHT ANALYSIS
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INTERIOR LIGHT ANALYSIS
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INTERIOR LIGHT ANALYSIS
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PROGRAM + BUILDING ANALYSIS
PROGRAM, CIRCULATION AND STRUCTURAL AXO DIAGRAM (original work)
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MATERIALS + SUSTAINABILITY The wood that composes the museum’s façade is reclaimed driftwood found locally in the North Holland Canal, therefore it has a lower embodied energy than if the architects used new wood harvested faraway. he architects concealed the structure on the top floor to make the building feel light and transparent. The top of the columns on the second floor thin out and the ceiling is made of metal mesh to give the sense of weight-lessness. The inner part of the envelope consists of 2 solid walls of reinforced concrete capped off with two glass walls on the North and South that frame views to the museum grounds and town. By using steel frame construction minimal structure was achieved that would not interfere with circulation in the small building. Transparency was also achieved by the cladding that is made of wooden strips that are spaced to filter light coming into the building.
COLUMN TO CEILING CONNECTION (original work)
AXO PROJECTION OF MATERIALS OF STRUCTURE (original work) KAAP SKIL MARITIME + BEACHCOMBERS MUSEUM 5
MATERIALS + SUSTAINABILITY The architect’s use of materials in the building helped convey different concepts and expressions. On the ground floor, the architects used heavy and earthy materials such as concrete and masonry pavers that gave the structure a sense of strength. The materiality of the ground floor creates an indoor extension of the city by using brick paving, industrial equipment as furniture and steel in an industrial style. The materiality of the reclaimed wooden cladding also holds value to the local culture; it relates to the age-old Dutch tradition of recycling driftwood to create their buildings. Even though wood is an organic material that decays, over time this weathered look will only add to the concept of Kaap Skil and it will only reinforce the link with its context. Local carpenters were hired to prepare the driftwood into 50x50 mm strips. By using local resources and workforces decreased the carbon footprint of the project and helped improve the local economy of Texel by not only employing locals but also by creating an interesting tourist attraction that brings thousands of tourists to Texel.
OPACITIAL PERCEPTION (original work)
PERSPECTIVE RENDER OF MATERIALITY (original work)
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STRUCTURE The structural form echoes the architectural form almost exactly. The structure of the building creates the building’s massing and dictates the volume of the interior spaces. The exterior envelope of the building consists of wood striped panels that are attached to separate steel frame that is connected to main structure via welding. The structural form echoes the architectural form very well as the structure of the building creates the building’s massing and dictates the volume of the interior spaces. IPE 330
The steel frame structure of the roof supports the mullions of the North and South glass facades as well as supports the smaller frame holding the strips of wood that envelop the building like a skin. This envelope of spaced wooden strips helps block out a significant amount of light and heat radiated from the sun. If the building did not have this wood strip envelope then the building would overheat much more quickly and glare would be great issue on the interiors. SECTION C-C (original work)
Welded 50x50 mm Beam to Column Connection
IPE 180 Column
L 50x50x6
50x50 mm Wood Cladding
CLADDING FRAME ELEVATION (original work) KAAP SKIL MARITIME + BEACHCOMBERS MUSEUM 7
STRUCTURE
TRANSVERSAL SECTION
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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The building consists of a steel structural frame with concrete columns that support the reinforced concrete floor slab and the roofs at their valleys as they are positioned proportionally to the 1:√2 rectangle of the plan. One row of columns is discontinuous and transfers its load to the reinforced concrete transfer slab which transmissions it to the concrete bearing walls.
PLAN TO SECTION (original work) PROPORTIONS (original work) KAAP SKIL MARITIME + BEACHCOMBERS MUSEUM 8
STRUCTURE The comfort systems were designed to conform to the laid out programming and building design with minimal interference utilitarian and servant space interference. One the first floor, a suspended drop ceiling from the concrete floor slab above hides the services, whereas on the second floor, the HVAC is hidden within ceiling. Additionally, the building utilizes linear diffusers to distribute air throughout the building to improve the comfort of users, without being distracting from the exhibitions. COMFORT SYSTEMS (original work) 1
2 3885
3 4540
4 8080
5 1880
6 2525
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ELEVATION OF CLADDING FRAME (original work)
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FLOOR PLAN STRUCTURE (original work) 1
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STRUCTURE 6
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Connection at Valley of Roof (original work)
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1 Composite column steel tube Ø 177,8 / 16 mm and Ø 355,6 / 16 mm 2 Two secondary beams IPE 270 3 Main Beam IPE 330 4 Roof (Geomembrane, Plywood 18 mm, Insulation, Vapor barrier, Acoustic panel) 5 Steel Profile UNP 100 6 Azobé Wood Battens 65/50mm
Column to Roof Connection (original work)
ROOF AXO DETAIL (original work) KAAP SKIL MARITIME + BEACHCOMBERS MUSEUM 10
CONFORMING TO THE ONTARIO BUILDING CODE The Kapp Skil Maritime and Beachcombers Museum is situated on the Texel Island in the Netherlands. While conforming the its own city’s building code, the following passages will examine how the building complies with the guidelines outlined in the 1992 Ontario Building Code and render whether it would be allowed to be built on Canadian soil as is. The museums consists of a total floor area of 1200m2, each floor area measuring 400m2 and measures at a height of 12.3 meters. It is classified as Group A, Division 2 major occupancy. The building comprises of 2 stories above grade and one storey below, and faces a total of one street. The Ontario Building Code Table 3.2.2.25 permits a building of the given major occupancy to have maximum of floor area of 800m2 if comprises of 2 storeys and faces only one street. Given that the building has a floor area is half of the maximum permitted area, the building construction would be allowed for this circumstance. Furthermore, the building currently has only one means of emergency egress and does not contained sprinklers. Section 3.4.2.1 in the Ontario Building Code permits a building to have one mean egress with a floor area not sprinklered for Group A Occupancy it the floor area does not exceed 150m2 and has a travel distance of less than 15m as outlined in table 3.4.2.1.A. While the travel distance to the stairs in the Kapp Skil Maritime and Beachcombers museum is acceptable, it greatly exceeds the permitted floor area and thus would not be allowed to be built in Ontario given the circumstances. According to the section 9.17.6 of the OBC, the minimum diameter permitted for circular solid concrete columns is 230mm. The concrete columns in the Kaap Skil are 340mm, thus conforming to the OBC. Moreover, section 3.2.2.25 sentence 2(d) in the OBC states loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall: (i) have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or (ii) be of non-combustible construction. The load bearing walls in the museum are made of reinforced concrete therefore abiding this requirement. The steel roof structure is not exposed, it follows the Ontario building code because it is insulated behind the ceiling of the second floor, however there is a steel connection at the top of the concrete columns on the second floor, which are not hidden in the ceiling, and they are exposed but are covered with a film intumescent coating to provide a fire resistance rating. KAAP SKIL MARITIME + BEACHCOMBERS MUSEUM 11
CONFORMING TO THE ONTARIO BUILDING CODE The steel beams that make up the roof are of European IPE 330 profile (wide flange 160 mm wide and 330 mm deep). One of the sections of the roof spans 8080mm. According to Table A-21 part of sentence 9.23.4.3.(1), for a steel beam that is supporting a roof to span 8050 mm its cross section must be at least 310mm x 39mm. Therefore the steel beams used in Kaap Skil are much greater than those that would be required in Ontario. Also, there is no snow load that needs to be considered in the moderate climate of Texel Island in the Netherlands.
KAAP SKIL VS OBC (original work)
TABLE A-21: MAXIMUM SPANS FOR STEEL BEAMS SUPPORTING A ROOF AND ONE FLOOR
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ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE
ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE RENDER VISUALIZATION (original work overlayed on photo)
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ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE Glulam wood would serve as an appropriate alternative structure that would allow for the same architectural form as it proves to be a strong wood alternative to steel. Glulam will help bring the building closer to conforming to the Ontario Building Code as it has a stronger fire rating than steel and would reduce the span of the members. The decision for choosing this alternative was derived from very critical consideration of the architect’s original intent that would help strengthen the over concept and connection to context. For instance, the wood structure would be visually exposed from east to coincide with the idea of viewing a wave forming and then transitioning into white wash which would be represented through the gypsum board that would ultimately hide the servant space in the museum. Furthermore, the connection between the glulam members would be accomplished by steel plates which would resemble a cap-sized boat. According to the chart below, the alotted glulam beam cross sectional dimensions, given that the span is eight meters, and a tributary width of 2.5 meters, the mininum permitted size of the glulam beam would be 425 x 90 (mm). The number was determined by taking the average of the closest tributary widths in the chart.
0
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ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE
ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE SECTION (original work)
ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE DETAILS (original work)
DERIVATION OF FORM/CONCEPT FROM CONTEXT (original work overlayed on photo)
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CONCLUSION
APPLICATION TO STUDIO
The Kaap Skil Maritime and Beachcombers museum proves to be an exceptional execution of using structure to pleasantly comply with architectural form, expression, concept and relation to site, thus rendering this as a worthy precedent. In relation to the current museum design studio project, this precedent shows valuable information on how to create a structure that is in harmony and which does not interfere with the exhibition spaces within. The way the architect used the structure to make the envelope seem like it is suspended or floating in thin air is creative and this concept of a skin wrapping around the building can be used to express conceptual ideas in a very architectonic way.
From this precedent analysis I have understood how a structure can amalgamate several different materials, all while being expressive of the architectural intent and form. Having a steel structure and concrete floor in my studio project, I have referred to how the architects of the Kaap Skil Maritime and Beachcombers Museum went about their connections. Furthermore, my studio project features prefabricated custom-bonded brick panels that are hung over the steel structure and thus I have been able to do so by studying how the precedent went about attaching their wood-stick panels to the steel frame. Additionally, I have learned how to organize programming in small space without coming into conflict with the structure and vice versus.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Galindo, Michelle. (2012) . Wood architecture & design. Salenstein: Braun. Houben, Francine. (2008) . Mecanoo. Mulgrave, Vic. : Images Publishing Group. Lomholt, Isabelle. (2012). KAAP SKIL, Netherlands : Texel Building. e-architect. Retrieved from: http://www.e-architect.co.uk/holland/kaap-skil-texel Mecanoo. (2011). Kaap skil, Maritime and Beachcomber Museum. Mecanoo Architecten. Retrieved from: http://www.mecanoo.nl/Projects/tabid/424/project/51/ Metstaal, Bouwen. “Nationale Staalprijs 2014.” Maritiem En Jutters Museum (Kaap Skil). Nationale Staalprijs, 15 Feb. 2014. Web. 30 Oct. 2014. Phaidon Atlas. (2011) . Kaap Skil Maritime and Beachcombers Museum. Phaidon Press. Retrieved from: http://phaidonatlas.com/building/kaap-skil-maritime-andbeachcombersmuseum/258046 Prins, Pieter. “Pieters Bouwtechniek.” Project Het Maritiem En Jutters Museum. Pieters Bouwtechniek, Winter 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2014. Sypkens, Michael. (2012) . Mecanoo architecten: Kaap skil, maritime and beachcombers museum - texel, the netherlands 2011. A + U: Architecture and Urbanism, (11), 52-57. Valle, Pietro. (2007) . Mecanoo: Experimental Pragmatism. Milan : Skira.
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