From Shandon Bells to Ferney - The Kinmonths in Cork by Michael Foley

From Shandon Bells to Ferney The Kinmonths in Cork

Compiled by Michael Foley, husband of Aileen Foley, nĂŠe Elizabeth Ellen O'Mahony, granddaughter of Elizabeth (Lizzie) Kinmonth (b. 1871, d. 1913) and Ellen O'Connor (b. 1867, d. 1944). With grateful help and support from Kinmonth friends. December 2018. ÂŠ Michael Foley 2018

Introduction The present day Kinmonths who have Cork ancestors, and who now live in Ireland, England, Canada, the USA and Australia, have links to three Kinmonth men who lived and married in Cork in the early 19th Century. They were Hugh, John and William Kinmonth. Up to recently it was surmised that they were three brothers who came from the weaving communities in Perthshire, but more recent research shows that they were born in Cork itself. The date of arrival of a Kinmonth to Cork has therefore been pushed back to at least 1755, maybe earlier, with the birth of Hugh Kinmonth, father of John and William. Much of the research for this was done online and through family records and letters. Through the online work with genealogy services like Ancestry.com and FindMyPast Kinmonth descendants in Dublin, Bandon, Massachusetts, and London got to know each other and formed a little research group, a Kinmonth "Club' exchanging findings, hypotheses, and records. In a little less than a year the group has been able to assemble a solid body of data around which an intriguing narrative has been woven (forgive the pun), illustrating a range of human relationships, strengths and frailties, struggles, grit, and success. Within the story are tales of religious tensions, piety and its opposite; violence and unfaithfulness. A gripping tale! We now know that there was a Kinmonth presence in Cork from at least 1755 when a Hugh Kinmonth was born in the Shandon parish of St. Anne's, very likely to a William Kinmonth (hinted at by later records). It is not yet known where he came from; Cork, Ulster or Scotland. The three Kinmonths that have known descendants were: 1. Hugh Kinmonth, a cotton weaver in Bandon Co. Cork, who married Elizabeth Screech in Kilbrogan Church of Ireland church in Bandon in 1813. We will call him Hugh ‘Weaver’ Kinmonth for ease of identification in the multitude of Hughs in the Kinmonth family. 2. John Kinmonth, a lace merchant in Tuckey Street, and later in Patrick St. in Cork city, who married Sarah Craig in St Ann's Church of Ireland parish Shandon, Cork city in 1823. We will call him John ‘Lace’ Kinmonth. 3. William Kinmonth, who married Eliza Mills in the same parish of St. Ann's in Shandon in 1831, most likely in St. Luke's, the chapel of ease to St. Ann’s. He was a violent man and he was banished from his home after three months of marriage only to return in 1840 and attack his wife with a razor. For this he was deported to Tasmania on a charge of attempted murder, where he died by drowning in 1855. We call him William ‘Razor’ Kinmonth.

The Search

While the story narrated here unfolds in chronological order it was revealed in reverse order, starting from the later records of the census of 1901 and that of 1911 stretching back to Kinmonths in Scotland. We searched birth, marriage and death (BMD) records from the National Library of Ireland (NLI), the Representative Church Body (RCB) of the Church of Ireland, trade directories from Cork and Cardiff, census data from Ireland, England, Wales and the US, the Government Records Office (GRO) of the UK, and the websites www.irishgenealogy.ie (free), www.findmypast.ie , www.scotlandspeople.co.uk, and www.ancestry.co.uk . The most recent breakthrough however, where the relationships between the Kinmonths were clarified, came from just two registers of St. Anne's parish church in Shandon that are in the care of the Church of Ireland’s RCB Library in Churchtown, Dublin. All of the Kinmonths that we know of in Cork were living at one time in Shandon, within earshot of the famous bells, which still ring today. And they were weavers, a reason they came to Cork in the first place. We don't have all the answers and there are anomalies, but this narrative is a 'best-effort so far' at their story. The author had great help from our little Kinmonth club; from Bruce Kinmonth in Massachusetts, a descendant of John ‘Lace’ Kinmonth, and from Carmel Daly in Bandon, and Debbie Croft in Massachusetts both descendants of Hugh 'Weaver' Kinmonth. A breakthrough in establishing Hugh 'Weaver' as the ancestor of the "Ferney' Kinmonths was the DNA tests taken by Aileen Foley (née Elizabeth Ellen O’Mahony) and her brother Desmond (grandchildren of Lizzie Kinmonth) on one side and by Debbie on the other. The match between them led to Hugh ‘Weaver’ Kinmonth and Elizabeth Screech as the Most Recent Common Ancestors (MRCA). Debbie is a descendant of Elizabeth Kinmonth, their daughter born in 1826, the sister of Thomas. We were then joined by Kay Kinmonth in London, a descendent of William 'Razor' Kinmonth, with added contributions from Ralph Kinmonth, Vicky Moir and Dorothy Cross.

Michael Foley 10/12/2018

William Kinmonth abt. 1755

Elizabeth

1813

Hugh Kinmonth 1790

Ann Rennick 1847 - 1922

Hugh Kinmonth 1833 -

Elizabeth Kinmonth 1827 -1903

Richard Screech

Elizabeth Screech 1787

John William Kinmonth Kinmonth 1820 - 1814 - 1886

Thomas Kinmonth 1815 - 1879

The Family Tree of The Kinmonths of Ferney, Blackrock, Cork

Denis 1792 Sarah Mahony Oulden 1772 1773

1840

Sarah (Sally) Mahony 1810 - 1882

William Carroll 1806 - 1877

1831

Judith McDonald 1810 - 1876

1871

Fred Kinmonth 1878 - 1960

Isabella (Bella) Kinmonth 1888 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1956

George H Mary Kinmonth Kinmonth 1874 - 1954 1871 - 1886

Adaline Rose Kinmonth 1886 - 1891

Thomas A. Kinmonth 1882 - 1936

Eliza Mary John Hugh George Thomas Kinmonth Kinmonth Kinmonth Kinmonth Kinmonth Kinmonth 1854 - 1870 1852 1848 - 1846 - 1846 1844 - 1912 1840 - 1860

John Kinmonth 1879 - 1912

George Henry Female Kinmonth Stillborn 1876 - 1970 1875

William Kinmonth 1842 - 1926

Sarah Anne Agnes Elizabeth Kinmonth Kinmonth Kinmonth 1873 - 1963 1872 - 1881 1871 - 1913

William P. Kinmonth 1869 - 1920

m 1865

Sarah Carroll 1843 - 1934

Hugh Francis Kinmonth 1868 - 1952

m 1910

m 1915

m 1895

m 1893

m 1894

Jane Vaughan 1876 - 1951

Delia Daly 1892 - 1983

T. J. O'Mahony 1864 - 1942

Harriet Carraher 1868 - 1922

Hanora S Barter 1869 - 1950

+8 siblings

Minnie Kinmonth 1866 - 1888

Direct line to Elizabeth Kinmonth b. 1871

Thomas had another family in Cardiff with Ann Rennick, his housekeeper from Cork

1208 AD Kinmonth – a place name becomes a surname

Kinmonth, or Ceann Monaidh in Gaelic, meaning ‘head of the hill’, is piece of farmland close to Bridge of Earn on the banks of the Earn river, a few miles south of Perth in Scotland. In medieval times it was populated by the Picts, a branch of Celts that were known for their fight against the Romans. It is said that their seat was on a hill next to Kinmonth. Sometime before 1208 Philip de Moubray and his wife Galiena granted a charter to these lands of Kinmonth to Hugh, son of William (The Scots Peerage vol vi p. 529). In those days surnames did not exist in Britain, not until the 1300s or even 1400s. Up to that time people went by their first name followed by a nickname or the name of their profession or as the son or daughter of a chief or even by a colour. The commercial heraldic websites give versions of the origin of the surname Kinmonth, with all its variations, but maybe this information from “The Scots Peerage” is a simpler explanation; a man called Hugh taking possession of the lands of Kinmonth and henceforth he would be called Hugh of Kinmonth, or in the vernacular of the day, Hugh de Kinmonth (or Kynnemont or Kynemunth), the first person to be called by that name. Over the following centuries there are but a few mentions of a Kinmonth in this place but sufficient to tie the family to it. In 1247 John of Kinmonth (Johanne de Kynnemont) is a witness in a transfer (a ‘grant and quitclaim’) of land to Sir Matthew of Moncrieffe, another piece of land close to Kinmonth (People of Medieval Scotland http://www.poms.ac.uk ). Next we hear of is William of Kinmonth (William de Kynemunth) who, along with the majority of the nobles of Scotland, gave an oath of fealty on the 28th August 1296 to King Edward 1 of England, who had just conquered Scotland. All of the men who gave the oath had first names only, followed by their place of residence, just like William. John de Kinmonth, a knight, followed suit in 1304. Later in that century on March 25th 1382, Lady Elizabeth de Kinmonth who was “established in her pure widowhood” grants one boll of wheat and one of barley to be annually paid to the Predicant Friars (Dominicans) of Perth out of the estate of Kinmonth (extract from The Book of Perth 1847). Another century later a descendent of Elizabeth was a Sir John de Kinmonth, one of the chaplains of the parish church of Perth who died in 1496. The names William, Hugh, John and Elizabeth will be a recurring naming pattern in the Kinmonth families up to the twentieth century. Meanwhile some of the Moncreiffes next door were eyeing the land and one of them was convicted in 1474 of “wrongly occupying the lands of Kinmonth” (Burke’s Landed Gentry Scotland). By 1601 Sir John Moncreiffe had ownership of them, and by 1674 it was incorporated into a larger barony by charter of George II with Sir Thomas Moncreiffe as 1st Baronet, and the Kinmonth family had no longer a stake in it. By 1700 the Kinmonth clan were mostly weavers, a respected profession, and spread among the villages of Perthshire (see baptisms in http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk ). .

Kinmonth

Perth before the Reformation

Kinmonths in Perthshire 1625 - 1735

The villages in Perthshire where Kinmonths were born between 1625 and 1825.

There was a gradual drift south-westward to the two neighbouring villages of Forteviot and Dunning. We are confident that a weaver called Kinmonth left this place in the early 18th century and arrived in Cork and had a son called Hugh there in 1755. Who and how he got there is still unknown.

Hand-loom weaving in 1747, Scotland.

Weaving was the craft that was handed down through the Kinmonth generations in Perthshire, and eventually carried to Cork. Engraving by William Hogarth

1700

Birth of William Kinmonth in Dunbarney, to Alexander Kinmonth of Kinmonth, February 1700

When, why and how did the Kinmonths in Perthshire come to Cork? - Was it through Ulster, England, or directly from Scotland?

A reading of the history of weaving in Cork city and county in the eighteenth century shows that in the mid 1700s there was a shift from the weaving of wool to that of linen, and then later to cotton. During that time a number of landlords in the Cork region invested heavily in establishing the linen industry on their estates. The first was Sir Richard Cox's estate village in Dunmanway in 1735. The farmers were encouraged to grow flax and weavers were brought in from Ulster and provided with houses, and whatever wheels and looms they needed. His example was followed by other landlords and by 1770 a number of other villages were established at Doneraile, Clonakilty, Rosscarbery, Macroom, Newgrove and Villierstown. Once established, merchants, drapers, and yarn-dealers began to invest in the industry, including drapers such as Sadlier and Popham in Bandon and Jefferyes in Blarney. In the city of Cork itself there were master manufacturers employing urban weavers. They gradually introduced cotton into the process using linen warp and cotton weft. As cotton got stronger and cheaper, they converted to all cotton weaving. Sadlier was one of the first to set up extensive cotton manufacturing in the city. 'He hired workers who had experience of the English cotton industry to supervise the work.' He also built and equipped houses for weavers, many of them living in the Blackpool area of the city in the parish of St. Ann's Shandon. The first six years of 1790s was the peak period of the cotton industry in Cork, despite the depression of 1793 due to 'dumping' from the English market. The Irish parliament put heavy duties on imported cotton which saved the local industry, for a while. There were again severe reversals in the industry in the city between 1797 and 1801 caused partly by the loss of market confidence after the attempted French landing at Bantry bay, partly because of increased competition from mechanisation in England. Many companies collapsed including Connell and Pratt in Blackpool. After 1801 the industry became concentrated around Bandon where cotton took over from the manufacture of woollens and linens. It was the investment in sophisticated spinning mills by George Allman in the early 1780s that helped the industry survive into the nineteenth century. But it was not to last. The 1825/26 depression in England on top of the abolition of tariffs within a United Kingdom caused a major set-back to the industry in the town. 'By March 1826 the shelves in all the shops and warehouses in Bandon were totally overstocked with cotton, and 1,500 of the town's cotton operatives had been laid off.' This synopsis of Andy Bielenberg's work (Andy Bielenberg: Cork's Industrial Revolution 1780 - 1880. Cork University Press, 1991) offers clues to the movement of the Kinmonths. As a weaver family it is clear that they were recruited by the big weaver manufacturers in Cork, along with many others, either from Ulster or directly from Scotland. The early Kinmonths in Cork, who could have been there from 1750 or earlier, were living in Blackpool and both William and Hugh Kinmonth were weavers and having children in the 1780s. Hugh, who was born in Shandon about 1755, joined the militia in 1793 at the time of the first depression. William's son Hugh b. 1790 (Hugh 'Weaver') moved to Bandon for work after the Cork city industry collapsed in 1801 and he later came back in time for his daughter Mary (or Elizabeth) to be born in Shandon in November 1826. It is possible too that William ('Razor') could have looked elsewhere for work when he grew up and found it in Villierstown, a weaving village established by John Villiers Stuart, which is 13 miles upriver from the town of Youghal where William set up as a draper in 1840. Cloth woven in Villierstown would have been sold to drapers downriver in Youghal. He called his first son Charles Villiers Kinmonth and Villiers became a common second name among his descendants. John ('Lace') became a draper and set up a lace importation business around 1826 after he married Sarah Craig. Throughout the period weavers and drapers interacted closely in the trade, so drapery was a natural follow-on from weaving. We know no details of how all of this may have transpired but it is clear that the Kinmonths came to Cork by invitation of weaving operators, possibly as supervisors, trainers and advisors, and it is most likely that their friends in Shandon; the Woods, Franklins, Craigs etc., were also weavers. When the Church of Ireland birth, marriage and death records are digitized in the coming years we may be able to determine with more precision how this migration occurred. It would be interesting to search parish records around Lurgan in Ulster. This is the origin of the weavers who were brought to Villierstown, and it is close to where Alexander Kinmonth had property c. 1830-60 (Drumbanagher, Co. Armagh). A strong clue that the Kinmonths may have come to Cork through Ulster. 7

The Kinmonths in Shandon 1780 - 1847: From the American War of Independence to Ireland's Great Famine

April 1775 1778 29/4/1780 6/9/1780 20/9/1780 5/11/1780 4/6/1781 1/1/1786 26/12/1786

William. & Eliza Kinmonth

Life Events & Sponsors

The Siege of Boston - opening of the American Revolutionary War/War of Independence

" 26/12/1787 14/10/1788 11/4/1790 17/8/1790 1791 11/3/1792

Thom & Wm John Catherine & Eliza (Recd) Wm. Henry Thomas Hugh Mary

6/7/1792 1794 1795

1796 1798 1800 1801 29/5/1803

27/2/1806

1813

1814 3/12/1815 June 1815

Hugh & Catherine Kinmonth

George

Hugh Catherine

Wm. K spons of Ann Wood Rich Wood & James Creag (Wm) Spons: Jane Craig, Mary Wood Spons: Wm. K, John Craig Spons: Geo & Susana Creag, Geo & Hugh K., Mary Woods Spons: Rich. Woods, John Clark Spons; Mary K Sp: Hugh K., R. Wood, Eliza Creage Spons: Rich & Mary Wood, Isabella Craig Hugh K spons of Catherine Creag Wm. K spons in RC SS. Peter/Paul

Burials 6/9 /80 Wm. K. (c) 20/9/80Wm. K. (c) 5/11/80 Wm. K. (c) 1/7/86 Wm. K (c) Hugh Kinmon (c)

Lydia, Ballyhay Hannah, Ballyhay Cath. K (Rom?) Wolfe Tone's United Irishmen of 'Protestant, Catholic and Dissenter' - The 1798 Rebellion Acts of Union - creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland George. Kinman? (c) William Hugh & Spon: Elizabeth K. John (R) George K. spons of Wm. & Lydia of Wm. & Mary Craig Hugh 'W' & Eliza. K. Alex K. marries Mary Armstrong? in Bandon & Shandon Hugh K. marries Elizabeth Screech William Thomas in Shandon Bapt. together with Franklin child The Duke of Wellington, from Dublin, defeats Napoleon I at Battle of Waterloo, Belgium, ending The Napoleonic Wars

1817

John

Marriage Wm and Mary Kinmonth abt 1818/19

Wm.. & Mary Kinmonth Hugh

25/11/1819

Catherine

John

5/9/1821

9/6/1823

Spons. Wm. & H. K, Isabel Shuttleworth Wm. K. marries Sarah Long? Spons: 2 Shuttleworths & Eliza Franklin Wm & H. K. & Ann Craig spons of Franklin child Birth F N Frevilier to Catherine K. Spons: Mary & Wm. Kinmonth Marriage John K. & Sarah Craig

1818 7/11/1820

1820 1820

1826 1827 1828 1829 3/6/1829 1830 " " " 25/5/1830 31/12/1830 1831

25/5/1832 18/6/1832 31/5/1835

John 'L' & Sarah K. Mary Elizabeth Catherine Wm. Henry Hugh John Catholic Emancipation - the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 passed in parliament in London Lidia Sarah Edward George Lidia Baptised 5 Jan 1831 Wm 'R' Marriage of Wm. K, and Eliza Mills Eliza K. Hugh Charles V

10/2/1836

1837 - 46

1840 1841 1842 1847

John 'L' , Cath. Kinmonth Cath., Charlotte, Anne, Cath, Eliz., Albert E. James Black '47 Potato blight - the Great Hunger begins

Wm. Kinmonth (c) Francis N Frevilier 2 Mar. Wm. Kinmonth Isabella Craig Wm. Craig Wm. Kinmonth Geo. Craig Cath. Kinmonth Lidia Kinmouth 7 Jan. Mary Kinmonth

Marriage John K & Cath. Craig

Sarah Kinmonth (Craig)

Marriage Thom. K & Sarah Mahony

Wm. K transported to Tasmania Birth Wm. 'Chicken Choker' K.

The Kinmonths in the parish of St. Anne's, Shandon 1778 - 1847 - a momentous period in history stretching from the American War of Independence, the 1798 Rebellion, The Acts of Union, The Napeoleonic Wars (Battles of Trafalgar and Waterloo), Catholic Emancipation, up to the Great Famine.

The Battle of the Chesapeake between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy 1781

The 74 gun Droits de l'Homme engages with two British frigates on its return voyage to France after the failed landing at Bantry Bay in Cork. 13 Jan. 1797.

The American War of Independence contributed significantly to the economy of Cork as the ships of the Royal Navy docked in the Cove of Cork to take on provisions for the long transatlantic voyage. This boom lasted into the time of the Napoleonic wars for the same reason, although some sectors thrived while others suffered because of the Acts of Union. In Ireland, the imposition of the Penal Laws which discriminated against the Catholic majority and a large Presbyterian minority, prompted the creation of the Society of United Irishmen a broad non-sectarian coalition of groups seeking to create an Irish Republic. They enlisted the help of the French government, and a planned invasion of Ireland by 33 French ships in Bantry Bay, west of Bandon, in January 1797 was defeated by extreme weather - storms and fog.

1755 The earliest evidence of a Kinmonth in Cork is from the discharge papers of Hugh Kinmonth from the Cork City Militia issued in 1814 from the Royal Hospital Kilmainham pension administration. It states that he was born in St. Anne's parish in Shandon and that he was 38 years of age when he joined up in 1793. That would place his parents in Cork not later than 1755. It also states that he was a weaver by trade. The baptism and 'receiving' registration of Thomas and William Kinmonth 29th April 1780, in St. Anne's of Shandon. That year there occurred the deaths of three children named William Kinmonth. That would indicate that there were three Kinmonths with wives in Shandon at that time; William and Eliza, and Hugh and Catherine for sure, and a George and Mary Kinmonth, who were sponsors in 1786 and 1790 in Kinmonth baptisms. They could have been brothers and their father's name could well have been William Kinmonth given that the three Williams seem to be the first child in each family.

The first record found so far of an event in Cork was a 1778 baptism registration of Ann Wood, daughter of Richard and Mary Wood in St. Ann's church in Shandon, where William Kinmonth is a sponsor. Also acting as sponsor are the Craig siblings; Thomas, Isabella and Jane. The Woods and the Craigs were good friends with the Kinmonths as evinced by their sponsorship of each other's children in baptism. Other records show that this William was a weaver also. We can take it that all Kinmonths in Cork in this early period were weavers.

1786 - On St. Stephen's Day (Boxing Day). A grand celebration of three children of William and Eliza Kinmonth with friends

An informative entry in the St. Ann's baptism registry. It would seem that the first-born William had died in 1780 (found in a burial record), and William Henry was born in 1786. Note that Hugh and George Kinmonth were sponsors making them most likely brothers of William the father of the children. The Craigs and the Woods are also present. We see nothing further of this George in records and he and his wife Mary (or unmarried sister) could have lived in a different parish.

1790 - Birth of Hugh Kinmonth

Baptism registration of Hugh 'Weaver' Kinmonth, son of William and Eliza Kinmonth. 17 Aug. 1790. Note the sponsors; his uncle Hugh and family friends Richard Wood and Eliza Craig.

St. Anne's parish of Shandon - a home and a community for all the Kinmonths in Cork.

While it is not cast-iron proven that William and Hugh Kinmonth of the 1780s in Cork were brothers it is highly likely that they were, given the evidence from just two parish registers in St. Anne's Church of Ireland church in Shandon. One of the most valuable sources of information in these records is the listings of sponsors, or 'surities' as they were called then, at the baptisms of the Kinmonth children and those of their friends. They paint a picture of a very close-knit community 'living in each other's pockets' as it were. William and Eliza and Hugh and Catherine are sponsors of each otherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s children and together appear at baptisms of the Woods, the Craigs, the Clarks, and later the Franklins, and the Shuttleworths. Just look at the baptism registrations on the previous page and here. One family that the Kinmonths were especially close to were the Craigs, and not just one couple, but many Craigs; John, James, Isabella, Jane, George and Susana, Eliza, Catherine, William and Mary. It is no wonder that John Kinmonth (son of Hugh) married Sarah and then Catherine Craig, possibly daughters of William and Mary Craig. We can with certainty say that all lines of the Kinmonths that come from Cork originally came from that Shandon community of Kinmonths.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;With deep affection and recollection, I oft time think of those Shandon Bells.â&#x20AC;?

Francis Mahony, pen name Fr. Prout.

St Anne's Parish church, Shandon, in Cork city. The church was built in 1722 to replace the RCB Library P573 1.2 Courtesy Dir. National Archives of Ireland church that was destroyed in the siege of Cork in 1690. The famous bells were installed in 1752, and the baptism font, made in 1629, was from the old church. Both the bells and the font are still in use today, and for a small fee, visitors can ring the bells.

1793 - 1803 Rebellion in the air and war with France

- Hugh Kinmonth joins the Cork City Militia - the 27th Cork City Regiment

"The State of Ireland in 1792 was most disturbed, midnight marauding to obtain arms, and local risings etc., openly usurped the freedom of the Government, whilst in 1793 the outbreak of war with France and the Country stripped of regular soldiers though in a state of rebellion, brought about a reorganization of the Irish Militia to stop the tide of anarchy." Historian of the Royal Longford Militia. The 27th Cork City Regiment of the newly reformed militia force was established in 1793 and it served in Charleville 1794-5, Athenry 1796, Birr 1797, Macroom 1800, Clonmel 1813, Cashel and Cahir 1814. Hugh, a weaver, could be the brother of William the weaver in Shandon (who was father of the weaver in Bandon). Baptisms for the children of Hugh and Catherine Kinmonth appear in the Shandon registers from 1786 till 1790, with a gap until they resume again in 1803. The Cork City Militia was 'disembodied' in 1803 and Hugh could very well have returned temporarily to his native Shandon where his Hugh was baptised and John was 'received' that same year. He continued in service in the militia until1814. There is a record of two births in 1794 and 1795, of Lydia and Hannah born to Hugh Kinmonth in Ballyhay, the parish for Charleville where the militia was stationed at the time. There is also a burial record of "the wife of Hugh Kinmonth" in Ballyhay for 1795, which confuses the issue a little as Hugh and a Catherine went on to have children in Shandon. There is also a burial record in 1796 for a Catherine Kinmonth, a Roman Catholic (written 'Rom' in the record), in Shandon which is also unresolved. It is possible that William 'Razor' Kinmonth was a son of Hugh, and therefore a brother of John (in a court case in 1841 William is said to have a respected brother in the city). He may have been born in one of the towns where the militia was stationed in 1801, possibly Macroom. There is some uncertainty as to the identity of a George Kinmonth who joined the Coldhurst regiment and retired with a pension in 1823 at age 42, making a birthdate of about 1781. In the Shandon parish records a George Kinmonth is first mentioned as born to Hugh and Catherine Kinmonth in 1786, then as a sponsor to the children of William and Mary Craig in 1806. Later, in 1845, a George Kinmonth was the proprietor of a tea house in the city. These could all be the same George. Maybe he lied about his age when he joined the Coldhurst regiment, although four or five years is a lot of years to fake. If it is the same George in all the records then he would be the brother of William 'Razor' and John 'Lace' Kinmonth.

Uniforms and insignia of the North Cork Militia. They would have been similar to those of the Cork City Militia. Hugh Kinmonth wore the sergeantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s uniform on the right.

1803 - John Kinmonth, son of Hugh and Catherine, 'received' into the Church during the baptism of his brother Hugh in St. Ann's Shandon. This would indicate that he was born about 1802, as other records suggest, and possibly in Macroom if he was the son of Hugh 'Militia' Kinmonth. The witness was his aunt Elizabeth Kinmonth. This is most likely John 'Lace' Kinmonth, who went on to have a successful business in Patrick St. in Cork in the supply of lace from Nottingham. His brother Hugh probably became the watchmaker down the street in 6 Great Britain St. mentioned in an 1845 directory.

The view of Shandon church from the Mardyke Walk at the time when John was born. The military barracks on the hill behind was being completed that year. Military road led down from its front gate.

1813 Bandon

Marriage of Hugh 'Weaver' Kinmonth and Elizabeth Screech, Married, May 19th 1813, in Kilbrogan Church of Ireland Church, Bandon

Hugh Kinmonth followed in his father William's footsteps and became a weaver. We next hear of him when he married Elizabeth Screech in Bandon and their first son William was born and baptized there. It is likely that he worked in the large cotton mill in Overton outside the town of Bandon in County Cork. The mill was built by George Allman in 1805, the design of which was based on reasearch carried out by his two sons in Lancashire. It operated until 1825, when cheap cotton competition from the big mills of England put him out of business. He converted the mill into a whiskey distillery. The Allman distillery was a much greater success than the cotton mill, at its peak producing 600,000 gallons of whiskey, most of it for export. It closed in 1929 as a result of Prohibition in the US, which effectively toppled Irish whiskey as the dominant whiskey in the world. In 1813 Hugh married Elizabeth Screech, born 16th November1787 in Bandon to Richard Screech and Sarah Aildworth and they had four children while living in Bandon; William in 1814, Thomas in 1815 (baptised in Shandon), John in 1817 and another John in 1820. The family moved back to Shandon in Cork when the cotton mill closed in 1825/26 and Mary (Elizabeth) was born there in Nov. 1826 and Hugh in 1832, with other children born in between.

Christening of Elizabeth Screech, 16 November 1787 born to Richard Screech and Sarah Aildworth, Ballymodan parish Church, Bandon.

RCB Library P 144.1.2 ÂŠ National Library of Ireland

Kilbrogan parish church, Bandon, built 1610, was the first church built as a Protestant church in Ireland.

The only remaining part of the original cotton mill â&#x20AC;&#x201C; it is now a ruin

The marriage register book of Kilbrogan Parish church, with the marriage registration of Hugh Kinmonth (misspelled Kinnott) and Elizabeth Screech (often transcribed as 'Creech'), 19 May 1813. Below is the baptism record of their son Thomas 3rd Dec 1815 in St. Ann's Church in Shandon. It is a double baptism with Mary Anne, the daughter of their friends the Franklins, a possible reason for them to go into Cork city. Thomas Kinmonth would go on to establish Kinmonth and Sons in Cork in 1850.

Baptisms of William (1814) and John (1820) in Kilbrogan church.

Crisis in the Weaving Industry - the Bandon cotton weaving collapses 1800 - the Acts of Union which abolished the Irish Parliament and created the United Kingdom

of Great Britain and Ireland had a catastrophic effect on the Irish cotton weaving industry. The import tariffs that had once protected the industry were removed and the Irish market was flooded with cheap imports from Great Britain. In 1825 the Allman cotton mill closed in Bandon and Hugh took his family back into Shandon in Cork city where he was born. It is not known for certain what he worked at but there is a record of a Hugh Kinmonth as 'gatekeeper' in the Cork Foundling Hospital located in the parish of St. Ann's. Hugh and Elizabeth had five more children in Shandon; Mary, later called Elizabeth (1 Nov 1826), Hugh (23 March 1828) who died, twins Sarah and George (1830) and another Hugh (25th May 1832).

Baptism of Mary Kinmonth to Hugh 'Weaver' Kinmonth and Elizabeth Screech. From other data it is likely that this record refers to Elizabeth Kinmonth, not Mary.

Baptism of Hugh Kinmonth to Hugh 'Weaver' Kinmonth and Elizabeth Screech.

1823 Shandon - The Marriage of John 'Lace' Kinmonth and Sarah Craig

The marriage in Shandon of John Kinmonth and Sarah Craig. There is no record of parents so we can only surmise that John is the son of Hugh and Catherine Kinmonth and that Sarah is the daughter of William and Mary Craig. John and Sarah had three children; Catherine 1827, John 1828, and Edward 1830. Sarah died on the 31st. May 1835, aged just 30 years, and she is buried in the graveyard of St. Finn Barre's Cathedral. Shortly after his marriage John set up his wholesale and retail lace business in Tuckey St. Cork. 19

1831 Shandon - The Marriage of William 'Razor' Kinmonth and Eliza Mills

In 1831 William Kinmonth, who was living on Broklesbey St. in Blackpool at the north edge of St. Ann's Parish in Shandon married Eliza Mills, daughter of Philip Mills, an aucioneer living on Military Road, off Wellington Road in Montenotte Cork. The marriage most likely took place in St. Luke's church, a chapel of ease to St. Ann's. There is no registration document for the marriage as they were destroyed in the 1922 fire, but their marriage is listed in the PRO's list of marriage licences.

Charles Villiers Kinmonth 18 June 1832

William was a violent man and after three months Eliza threw him out and he went to England. Eliza gave birth to their son Charles Villiers Kinmonth on the 18th June 1832. She moved back to her mother's house (above) on Military Road. At the time it was one residence, later to become a pub (note the panel above the doors and windows) and later again it was divided into two houses.

Note that a couple of weeks earlier Hugh, son of Hugh and Elizabeth Kinmonth was baptised. This was Thomas' brother who went on to fight at Gettysburg.

Cork in 1835 Two prints by W. H. Bartlett show Cork as it was around 1835; Merchants Quay on the north branch of the River Lee, downstream from Shandon. John Kinmonth would collect his shipments of Nottingham lace from here. Later, Thomas and his son William Kinmonth would ship their poultry to Cardiff and Liverpool from these quays.

The South Mall, along the south branch of the Lee, a bustling shopping district in early Victorian Cork. Queen Victoria inherited the crown in 1837at age 18 and ruled until January 1901. The name of the great deep-sea harbour down river at the Cove of Cork was renamed Queenstown after her visit there in 1849. The Kinmonths who emigrated to America would have sailed from Queenstown.

Cork of the Kinmonths C 1835

The Kinmonths first lived in the Blackpool area in the parish of St. Anne's of Shandon from the 1750s to the 1850s. This is where many of the weavers, tanners, and distillery workers of Cork lived. Records for Thomas Kinmonth and William 'Razor' Kinmonth as well as for Thomas' sister Elizabeth who married Richard Stack have them living on Commons Road and Brocklesby St. Thomas moved down the hill to Johnson's Lane, and then to North Main St. before settling in Hannover St. in the city centre (his son William moved later to Woods Lane). The Barracks was completed in 1806 with a commanding view over Cork city. Eliza Kinmonth lived down the street from its entrance with her mother on Military Road, off Wellington Road (red dot on map), after she banished her husband William for his abusive behaviour. William Craig, possibly the father of the Craig sisters who married John Kinmonth lived on Blarney Lane in Shandon (red dot). John set up his lace business in Tuckey St. then St. Patrick's St. His first wife Sarah (Craig) is buried at St. Finbarre's Cathedral south of the River Lee. Thomas Kinmonth and Sarah Mahony were married in the RC church of St. Finbarr's 'South' and Sarah baptised William Kinmonth there. Most of the Kinmonth children of that period were baptised in the parish church of St. Anne's of Shandon. James was baptised in St. Luke's, a chapel of ease. John baptised his children in the Wesleyan Chapel on St. Patrick's St. (red dot).

Griffith's Valuation Map of Cork City c. 1835

1836 - The marriage of John Kinmonth and Catherine Craig in Douglas, Cork

After Sarah died in 1835 John married Catherine Craig, likely Sarahâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sister, although there were many Craig girls in Shandon at the time. Catherine and John had numerous children of which we have records for: Catherine, 1837, Charlotte, 1838, Ann, 1840, Catherine Jane, 1842, Elizabeth Sarah, 1843, Caroline, 1845, Albert Edward, 1846, Caroline Matilda, 1850, Alfred John, 1851, and William Henry,1853. All of these children, except William, were baptised in the Methodist chapel on St. Patrickâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s St. Cork, some by the famous preacher the Rev. J. B. Gillman. John seems to have been a pious man as he asked the Rev. Gillman to come to Limerick for the baptism of his son William in 1855.

1844 John Kinmonth moves to 100 Patrick St.

John Kinmonth's Lace establishment at 100 Patrick St. in 1844. The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel is the large door and window on the right. John leased the property from the Wesleyan Methodist Trust.

John Kinmonth operated out of Tuckey St. in Cork until April 1844 when he moved to a prestigious location and premises in 100 St. Patrick's St., which he leased from the Trustees of the Wesleyan Methodist Society whose chapel was next door. The times were not good however for luxury goods and a better opportunity arose when the new Cannock and Tait department store opened in Limerick in 1858, where he became manager. He later went to London and died there in the home of his daughter Ann and her husband William Braine in 1868. John and Catherine’s son Albert Edward Kinmonth became a Methodist Minister and he was pastor in Skibbereen when he married Eliza Roycroft in 1873. He would have known the Wolfes in Skibbereen, a prominent Methodist grocer family, whose son Jasper Travers Wolfe was a friend of T. J. O’Mahony (husband of Lizzie Kinmonth) through their membership of the Cork Cycling Club in the 1890s. Jasper was TJ’s solicitor after the 1916 rebellion and it was he who finally got him compensation from the British government for his WWI efforts. Albert and Eliza emigrated to the US but Eliza returned in a few years when she discovered that she had TB. She died in 1878 in Skibbereen. Her son John, whose name was changed later to Richard Roycroft Kinmonth after Eliza's father, grew up in Skibbereen and became a pharmacist in Dublin. Albert went on to marry again and his descendants are living throughout the US including Bruce Kinmonth in Massachusetts, who contributed generously to this research. Most of John’s children went to Dublin and to towns in England and the US where they married. None of his descendants now live in Cork city.

Three brothers, maybe, sons of Hugh and Catherine Kinmonth.

Rev. Albert Edward Kinmonth, son of John Kinmonth and Catherine Craig. Pastor in Skibbereen in 1872, he emigrated in 1873 to upstate New York. He ended up in New London County, Connecticut.

Cannock and Tait Department Store Limerick. Constructed 1858. Manager John Kinmonth.

Death notice of John Kinmonth in London 1868. The Cork Examiner.

1841 - William Kinmonth - Accused of attempting to murder his wife with a razor

William Kinmonth returned to Cork in 1840 and took his wife Eliza, who had been living with her mother and her son Charles Villiers Kinmonth off Wellington Road, to Youghal where he set up as a draper. The article below gives a dramatic account of events on a morning in Youghal where he attacked her with a razor (it would have been what we call a 'cut-throat' razor now). The defence in the sentencing hearing stated that William ‘was most respectfully connected and that his brother, a resident of this City, would undertake to remove him from the country, where he might never again see his wife.’ The most likely person to fit this description was John ‘Lace’ Kinmonth. That would make him the son of Hugh 'Militia' Kinmonth. Before he was imprisoned and deported to Tasmania in the convict ship the Price Regent, he had gotten Eliza pregnant again and his son James Kinmonth was born in August that year and baptised in St. Luke's, Shandon.

The Trial 1841

The Sentencing

Inquest into his drowning in Launceston, N.E Tasmania - no evidence of violence

Deported to Tasmania (Van Diemanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Land) for 15 years, commuted to ten years.

Death by drowning, Launceston, Tasmania, 1855

Charles Villiers Kinmonth 1832 - 1902

Charles Villiers Kinmonth was born in Cork in 1832 to William and Eliza Kimonth and became a missionary and a scripture reader in the British Army in India. In 1860 he married Jane Robson Bourne from Bridgetown, Barbados. Their first son, Charles John, was born in Ireland in 1861, and in 1865 they sailed to Southhampton in England. He moved around England with Jane in various church ministries, including time in the British Army. They had two more children in Hampshire, England: Edwin was born in 1865, and Walter Villiers in 1872, who died two years later. Charles John married Harriet Jones in 1888, but their marriage was short lived. Charles may have gone to sea and he died in Hackney Hospital, London. Edwin married Martha Barter in 1890 and they had four children: Mary Isabel, John Villiers, William Alfred, and Ivy Dorothy. Another son, Edwin Charles born in 1894, died when he was just two months old. John Villiers, who was born in 1899, married Lillian May Bowles in 1928 and lived in Kent. Their son Edward John William was born in 1930. He married Valerie Flora Shaddick in 1953 and they had two daughters, Kay Elizabeth and Ann Mary Kinmonth. Kay has contributed generously to this narrative.

James Kinmonth 1841 - 1914

Baptism of James Kinmonth, St. Luke's, Shandon 29 Aug 1841

James Kinmonth, also a son of William and Eliza, was born in Cork on the 19th August 1841 in the parish of St. Ann's Shandon and he became a teacher in Church of Ireland schools, starting in Fermoy and then in Newport, Co. Tipperary, becoming headmaster there. He was active in the Fermoy Young Men's Protestant Association and sang and played the piano at their concerts. While in Newport he was the organist in Castleconnell parish church. In 1867 he married nineteen year old Elizabeth Sarah Conn, daughter of an RIC policeman in Fermoy. They had four children, Francis, Martha, George, and Sarah but Sarah died shortly after her birth in 1875 and Elizabeth, at only 27 years of aged, died later that year. James got a change of posting, to Newport in Co. Tipperary, and remarried in 1882, to Mary Florence McCarthy, daughter of William Joseph McCarthy of Limerick, a prominent Catholic builder of churches. They had ten children between 1883 and 1904: William, May, Frederick Villiers, Kathleen, Arthur, Florence, Ethel, James, Alfred, and Eleanor. While Frederick Villiers and Arthur John went to the US in 1911, William joined the British Army in about 1904. Alfred fought in WWI and William ended up in Khartoum, Sudan, and was Superintendent of Police. His future wife Ivy Mirriam Burrell joined him in October 1916. They had two daughters Eve and Elizabeth, and it was there that his son David Austen Villiers Kinmonth was born in 1930. William was later awarded an MBE. His son Michael was a pilot in the RAF during WWII and was killed on 11th November1943, aged 21. After a stint in Rangoon the family returned to Dublin where William died in 1945. David Kinmonth married Dorothy Myers in 1956 and their son Nigel William Kinmonth was born in 1959.

The Marriage of Thomas Kinmonth and Sarah Mahony in St. Finbarr's South Parish Catholic Church

1840 Cork

Thomas Kinmonth, father of William, and founder of Kinmonth and Sons in 1850

Thomas married Sarah (Sally) Mahony in St. Finbarr’s South Parish Catholic church in January 1840. Her parents were Denis Mahony and Sarah Oulden.. They lived in the Blackpool area of Shandon along with other Kinmonths. Thomas and Sarah (Sally) had six children: Hugh (b. 1840, died 1860 in Cardiff, aged 19), William (b. 1842, d. 1926), Eliza (b. 1844, d. 1912), Mary (b. March 1846 in Liverpool, died a few days later), Thomas (b. 1848), John (b. 1852), and George (b. 1854). The job market for weavers was unstable at the time and Thomas worked at several jobs, including slating in Liverpool, a watchman back in Cork, and a weaver like his father before he and Sarah set up the food business.

The Catholic/Protestant split in the Kinmonth Family

Marriage of Thomas Kinmonth and Sarah Mahony January 1840 in St. Finbarr’s South Parish church, Cork. .

RCB Library P573 2.3 Courtesy Dir. National Archives of Ireland

Baptisms of Hugh Kinmonth, 15th Nov. in St. Ann's and 17 Nov. 1840 in SS Peter and Paul.

This was the beginning of the split in religious affiliation in the Kinmonth extended family, when they divided into Protestant and Catholic lines, Sarah Mahony being a Catholic. However, this may not have been obvious at the time. Each child was baptized in St. Ann's Shandon (Church of Ireland) a few days after birth, but a few days after that each was baptised in a catholic church as well. There was no doctrinal reason for doing this as both churches recognise each other’s' baptisms, a fact which prompts one to think that it was done in secret by Sarah. Besides Eliza, who was baptised in St. Mary's catholic church in Shandon parish, all the others were baptised a good distance from the parish - in SS. Peter and Paul in the city for most, and in St. Finbarr's South for William.

1842 -

Birth of William Kinmonth

Baptism registrations of William Kinmonth in St. Ann's Church, Shandon 8th May (b. 4th May 1842) and in St. Finbarr's South (RC) 12th May.

RCB Library P573 1.3 Courtesy Dir. National Archives of Ireland

and 73 3.3 chives of Irel 5 P y r l Ar bra RCB Li y Dir. Nationa s e t r Cou

Baptism Eliza Kinmonth 15 Feb 1844 at St. Mary's Catholic church, Shandon, Cork Baptism Eliza Kinmonth 11 Feb 1844 (b. 5th Feb) at St. Ann's church, Shandon, Cork Note Thomas and family live in Blackpool on Commons (now Commons Road) along with other Kinmonths.

1841 William, Thomas' brother is a slater in Warrington England

1841 England census; William Kinmonth, a slater, in Warrington, close to Liverpool, with Elizabeth Kinmonth, 20, likely his sister, with an exaggerated age.

1842 Marriage of John, the brother of Thomas Kinmonth in Liverpool

Marriage registration of John Kinmonth and Ann Bate in Christ Church Padgate, Church of England parish of Warrington, 1842. Witnesses were William and Elizabeth Kinmonth. Father of John was Hugh Kinmonth, a weaver. It can be deduced that this is the John Kinmonth baptised in Bandon in 1820 and son of Hugh 'Weaver' Kinmonth and Elizabeth Screech. There is evidence that he may have emigrated to New Orleans and died there in 1901. There are a number of mentions of a John Kinmonth there, not all of them consistent with a birth date of 1820, so it is uncertain. 31

Elizabeth Kinmonth, sister of William, Thomas, John and Hugh, marries Richard Stack in St. Peterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Church of Ireland church, Cork. Their daughter Sarah Stack was born 18th January 1848 and baptised in St. Ann's church in Shandon. Elizabeth and Richard emigrated to Massachusetts in the US where their descendants live to this day, including Debbie Croft, whose DNA match confirmed the Hugh 'weaver' Kinmonth and Bandon connection.

1845 Elizabeth, sister of Thomas, marries Richard Stack in Cork

RCB Library P573 1.3

Courtesy Dir. National Archives of Ireland

1846 Liverpool

Mary Daughter of Thomas and Sarah born

Birth Registration of Mary Kinmonth in Liverpool. It seems that Thomas came to Liverpool with his family and tried his hand at slating with his brother William before moving back to Cork. Tragically Mary died after a few days.

Two Baptisms of Mary Kinmonth, one in the Church of England and one in the Catholic Church in Liverpool. 29th March in St. Peter’s Church of England, Liverpool. 2 April 1846 at St. Joseph’s Catholic Church, Liverpool. She died a few days later and was buried in the Anglican cemetery of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, 8th April, 1846.

Mary was not a fortunate name in the Kinmonth family.

When William married Sarah Carroll in Cardiff 20 years later they called their first daughter Mary (Minnie), most likely in memory of Mary, Thomas and Sarah’s daughter, but she died in 1888, just 20 years old. Then in 1871 Thomas, who was to start a new family in Cardiff with his young housekeeper Ann Rennick, called their daughter Mary, and she died of TB in 1886, aged just 15 years. There were no more Kinmonth girls named Mary after that.

Summary of the timelines of three Kinmonths in Cork

Hugh 'Weaver' Kinmonth b. 1790

William 'Razor' Kinmonth b. 1801

John 'Lace' Kinmonth b. 1802

abt. 1801

Birth: Hugh to William and Eliza Kinmonth in St. Anne's, Shandon

1803

Birth; William to Hugh and Catherine Kinmonth, St. Anne's Shandon

1813 1814 -20 1815 1817 - 20 1823 1826 1827 1828-30 1831 1832 1835 1836 1837-38 1840

Marriage: Hugh to Elizabeth Screech in Bandon Births: William and John in Bandon Birth: Thomas Kinmonth in Shandon, Cork Birth: John Kinmonth in Bandon Birth:Mary (Elizabeth) Kinmonth in Shandon Birth: Hugh Kinmonth in Shandon, Cork Birth: Hugh Kinmonth in Shandon, Cork Marriage: Thomas Kinmonth to Sarah Mahony Birth: Hugh Kinmonth, Cork

1790

1841 1842 1843- 44 1845 1846 1847-50 1850 1850-60

Birth: William Kinmonth, Cork Marriage: John Kinmonth to Anne Bates, Liverpool Birth: Eliza Kinmonth Marriage: Elizabeth Kinmonth to Richard Stack (emigrate to US) Birth/Death: Mary (to Thomas) Liverpool ------------ The Thomas establishes Kinmonth and Sons in Cork Hugh, his brother, marries Hester Mullarney (they emigrate to US) Births: Thomas, John, and George Kinmonth (to Thomas and Sarah)

Marriage: William to Eliza Mills in Shandon Birth; Charles Villiers Kinmonth in Shandon, William deported to Tasmania 10 yrs. Birth: James Kinmonth ---------------- Great ---------------- Marriage: Elizz (Mills) Kinmonth to John Blair (1852) in Cork (Emigrated?) Marriage: Charles Villiers Kinmonth to Jane Robson Bourne (1860) 1855: Death: William Kinmonth by drowning

John to Hugh and Catherine Kinmonth 'received' in St. Anne's Shandon Marriage: John to Sarah Craig in Cork Birth: Catherine Kinmonth in Cork Births: John and Edward in Cork Death: Sarah (Craig) Kinmonth Marriage: John to Catherine Craig in Douglas, Cork Births: Catherine and Charlotte Kinmonth Birth: Ann Kinmonth Birth: Catherine Jane Kinmonth Births: Elizabeth Sarah, and Caroline Kinmonth (Caroline died 13 months later) Birth: Albert Edward Kinmonth -- Hunger Birth: Caroline Matilda Kinmonth ('47) Birth Alfred John ('51), Cork, and William Henry Kinmonth ('53), Limerick Marriage: John Kinmonth to Emily Bolton, Dublin (they emigrate to US) 1854.

1861

1862

1865

Marriage: William Kinmonth and Sarah Carroll, in Cardiff

1866 1867

Birth: Mary (Minnie) Kinmonth, Cardiff

1868 1869 1870-74

Birth: Hugh Francis Kinmonth, Cardiff Birth: William P. Kinmonth, Cork Birth Elizabeth ('71), Sarah Anne ('73) in Cork

1875-79

Births: George Henry ('76) and John ('79), Cork Death: Thomas Kinmonth 1879 Cardiff

1880-89

Births: Agnes ('81 - 8 days), Thomas A. ('82), Adaline Rose ('86), and Isabella (Bell - '88) Death: Sarah (Mahony) Kinmonth 1882, Death: Mary (Minnie) ('88 - 22 years old)

18901909

Death: Adaline Rose Kinmonth ('91 - 5 years old)

1910-34

Deaths of children of William and Sarah: John Kinmonth 1912 Elizabeth Kinmonth 1913 William P. Kinmonth 1920 Deaths of parents: William Kinmonth 1926 Sarah (Carroll) Kinmonth 1934

Birth Charles John Kinmonth( to Charles V and Jane) Ireland Charles V and Jane Kinmonth moved to England Birth: Edwin Kinmonth, England Marriage: James Kinmonth and Elizabeth Sarah Conn, Fermoy Birth: Francis Kinmonth, Fermoy Births: Martha Elizabeth (Cissy) ('70), Charles ('72) Fermoy Birth/death: Sarah ('75) Death: Elizabeth (Conn) (Bessie) Kinmonth ('75) Marriage: James Kinmonth to Mary McCarthy, Limerick ('82). Births: William ('83), May ('85), Frederick Villiers ('88), Newport, Tipp. Birth: Kathleen Lillie Kinmonth ('89) Births: Arthur John ('90), Florence ('92), Ethel Jane ('94), James ('96), Alfred ('97), Ellenor Emily ('04) Death: Jane Kinmonth 1900, London Marriage: Charles V to Olley Pack ('01) Death: Olley (Pack) Kinmonth ('02) Death: Charles V Kinmonth 1902, London Death: James Kinmonth 1914, Newport, Tipperary.

Marriage: Charlotte Kinmonth to Richard Whitaker (moved to London) Marriage: Charlotte Kinmonth to Henry Dalton, in London Marriage: Ann Kinmonth to William Braine, Dublin, moved to London Death: John Kinmonth Sr., in London Marriage: Albert Kinmonth to Elizabeth Roycroft, in Skibbereen ('73) - emigrated to US. Births: Catherine ('75), Gertrude ('76) NY, US Birth: Richard Roycroft Kinmonth, Skibbereen ('77) Death: Elizabeth (Roycroft) Kinmonth, Skib ('78). Death: John Kinmonth Jr. NJ ('78) Marriages 1880: William Kinmonth to Emily Stoyell, England and Albert Kinmonth to Caroline Bellows NY Births: Albert William ('81), George Edward ('83), Death: Catherine (Craig) Kinmonth, London ('89) Births: Raymond Arnold ('92), Carrie Frederica '00

Death: William Henry Kinmonth 1918, England Death: Alfred John Kinmonth 1924, CT Death: Albert Edward Kinmonth 1928, CT

Names in blue are the direct ancestors of the members of the Kinmonth circle that contributed to this story.

1846/47 The ‘Great Hunger’

Famine and Disease 1846-1850 – its effects in Cork city Between the years 1846 and 1850, Ireland was being subjected to one of the greatest catastrophes in its history - The Great Famine. As one of the seminal events in Irish history, the Famine influenced the political, social and economic history of the country for generations. During this period, Cork city witnessed scenes of horror and destruction which are barely imaginable to modern residents of the city. The enormous scale of the problem overwhelmed all efforts at amelioration. The winter of 1846/47, 'Black 47' in folklore, was the worst in a generation. The rural poor fleeing from starvation and evictions poured into Cork city. Special constables were organised to expel vagrants from the city. The workhouse and the city hospitals were full. Starving beggars died on the streets. The cemeteries in the city couldn't cope with the numbers to be buried and a new cemetery was opened at Carr's Hill outside the city. Often, the mass graves contained so many coffins that those interred near the tops of the graves were insufficiently covered with earth allowing the foetid odour of decaying corpses to escape. Even the carts transporting the coffins to Carr's Hill gave off such an odour that it was proposed to carry the corpses to the cemetery using large balloons. By 1850, the worst of the Famine was over. Its effects would be felt for generations and one of its worst legacies was the poisoning of the atmosphere between Ireland and England. The emigrants who fled to the USA would carry with them the memory of ships laden with food leaving the country while thousands died of starvation and disease. The reality was more complex but the myth of 'perfidious Albion' among the Irish-Americans ensured a ready audience for those Irish political leaders who sought to 'break the connection with England' by whatever means. Between 1845 and 1851 the population of Ireland decreased by approximately 2 million. Historians and demographers estimate that a million died during the period and another million emigrated. Paradoxically, the population of Cork increased during the harrowing years of the Famine due to the influx of the rural poor fleeing from the devastated countryside. Many Kinmonths departed from Cork in these years, boarding the ships that came from Liverpool and Southhampton on their way to the US, stopping in Cork harbour, Queenstown, now known as Cobh (pronounced Cove).

Public Institutions and Utilities in the Nineteenth Century Many of the public institutions and the public utilities essential to the infrastructure of Cork city date from the nineteenth century. The railways, which transformed Europe and America during the industrial revolution of that century, arrived in Cork in the 1850s. The Cork, Blackrock and Passage Railway, the Cork South Coast and Bandon Railway and the Cork-Dublin line were all established during the early years of that decade. Gas was first used for public lighting in the city in 1826. Several steamship companies flourished in Cork during the nineteenth century. One ship belonging to these, The Sirius, which left from Cork in 1838, was the first steamship to make a transatlantic crossing by steam power alone.

After the Famine

William 1849 Liverpool

Marriage cert of William Kinmonth, a slater, to Susannah Bryers in 1849 in the Church of England parish of St. Nicholas in Liverpool. We are not certain that this is ‘our’ William. While he is a slater, his father is a ‘book-keeper’ and two years later he has a wife called Elizabeth in the 1851 census. Unresolved.

Hugh 1850 Mallow Co. Cork

1851 Census Liverpool

Marriage of Hugh Kinmonth, son of Hugh 'Weaver', to Hester Mullarney (sometimes transcribed as ‘Maloney ‘) of Mallow, 1850. Hugh and Hester emigrated to the US where Hugh fought at Gettysburg with Gordon's Brigade on 17 May 1861 as a Union soldier. He died later in 1866 from a bullet to the abdomen, seemingly "accidentally shot by a Boston policeman", aged 34.

1851 Census in Liverpool. William Kinmonth, slater, his wife Elizabeth, and Eliza Kinmonth, niece (daughter of Thomas). Clearly ‘our’ William.

1850s Cork

Thomas and Sarah returned to Cork and lived again in Commons in Blackpool. Thomas found it hard to get a job at first and was employed as a watchman when Thomas Kinmonth was born on 11th August 1848. No record of a catholic baptism has been found.

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RCB Library P573 1.3 Courtesy Dir. National Archives of Ireland

Baptisms of John Kinmonth b. Sept. 12th 1852, son of Thomas and Sarah Mahony, Sept 19th at St. Ann's Shandon and 31st. Oct. at SS Peter and Paul Church Cork. The family had moved down the hill to Johnson's Lane, off Clarence St. Shandon.

Baptisms of George Kinmonth, b. 17th. Oct. 1854, son of Thomas and Sarah, 22nd Oct. in St. Ann's and 29th Oct. in SS Peter and Paul Church Cork. Note that Thomas is still a weaver, but living in the city centre in N. Main St. RCB Library P573 1.3 Courtesy Dir. National Archives of Ireland

1853 – Thomas’ wife, Sarah (née Mahony) bought stolen bacon. And again in February 1857 she was accused of buying stolen poultry. This was the first mention of the Kinmonths dealing in poultry. Maybe it was Sarah who was the entrepreneur and she persuaded her husband to give up weaving and get into the provisions business. Their son William would later advertise as Kinmonth and Sons, Established 1850.

The Kinmonths in Cardiff

Cardiff map 1860

Cardiff Google maps 2015

1860 Cardiff

It is not known when exactly the Kinmonths went to Cardiff, but it was sometime between 1857 and 1860. They stayed in Butetown, close to the port where their imports would land, in the nitty gritty docklands beside the gas works. They were hit with tragedy a second time when Hugh, their eldest son, died there in 1860 from a type of rheumatic fever, aged just 19 years. Sarah was living there in 1861 during the census with her children William and Eliza, setting up the provisions business. Family lore tells us that William joined the army while in Wales in a local regiment. No record of this can be found. Just around the corner from where they lived was the Hastings Hotel where young Sarah Carroll was living with her family. Her sister Bridget Carroll had married the proprietor Capt. James Lyman Durkee. She had been born and reared in Newport, a coal port just up the Welsh coast, to parents William Carroll and Judith McDonald from Stradbally in Co. Laois (known as Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s County then). William married Sarah Carroll in 1865, against his father's wishes because she was a catholic. They had two children, Minnie and Hugh in Penarth, a suburb of Cardiff, before moving back to Cork, accompanied most likely by William's mother Sarah. Thomas, his father, stayed in Cardiff in 200 Bute Street and hired a young Cork girl named Ann Rennick, as a housekeeper. Thomas, aged 54, had a daughter by Ann in Bute St. in 1871. He called her Mary, possibly in memory of his first daughter who died days after her birth in Liverpool. Ann and Thomas went on to have two boys, George Henry in 1873 and Fred in 1877. He was an active participant in 'Vestry meetings' of St. Mary's Church of England church close by (it still stands today), proving he remained a protestant after his marriage to Sarah Mahony. Thomas died in the house in Bute St. in 1879 with his son John present, and he was buried at his local St. Mary's church. Ann never married Thomas, although by the 1891 census she was calling herself Mrs. Ann Kinmonth, widow, and was running a poultry business with her two sons. Her sons were always called George and Fred Kinmonth. Fred died in Cardiff in 1960. An incident in 1894, when William's son William Paul Kinmonth was living in Cardiff with his wife Harriet, showed that relations between the Kinmonths in Cork and Thomas' second family in Cardiff were not good (see the 'betting raid' incident on page 64.)

Death of Hugh Kinmonth eldest son of Thomas and Sarah, April 1860 in Cardiff, aged 19 years

1861 Welsh Census. Sarah, wife of Thomas Kinmonth, is living in Cardiff, working from home as a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Greengrocerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; with her son William and daughter Eliza.

The Carroll Family

William Carroll and Judith McDonald were married in Stradbally Co. Laois (known then as Queen's County) in 1831. Their first five children, Mary, Bridget, Jeremiah, Anthony, and Anne were born there and Sarah, William and John were born in St Woolos in Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales. William Carroll worked as a foreman in a coal yard when his daughter Sarah married William Kinmonth in 1865.

Welsh Census 1851

John Carroll was born a year later in 1852

1865 Cardiff

Marriage of William Kinmonth and Sarah Carroll

1865 Marriage registration of William Kinmonth and Sarah Carroll, Cardiff, 23rd. September1865. Number 5 Herbert St. was the Hastings Hotel run by mariner Capt. Lyman James Durkee who was married to Bridget Carroll, Sarah's elder sister.

Cardiff Docks 1870

Bute St. to the dock, Cardiff, 1890s

1860s Cork

1863 William Kinmont (sic), the slater brother of Thomas is back in Cork and staying next door to Thomas Kinmonth’s address, possibly the same premises. "A slater named Kinmouth fell off the scaffolding attached to a house on Patrick's Hill, at which he was at work on Thursday last. His leg was broken and he was taken to the North Infirmary". (Irish Examiner, 7 March 1863)

1870 Slater’s (sic) Directory of Cork – William Kinmouth has progressed to being a builder and moved to Millerd St.

Cork Examiner July 1864 – Thomas Kinmonth gets a week in gaol for contempt of court - being disparaging about the state of the law in Cork – judge not pleased! It looks like Thomas was an argumentative person, from the opinion of the judge; "there would never be peace in Hanover Street so long as he (Thomas) lived in it."

1870 - The religious divide in the Kinmonth family shows its bitter side in Cork

William, Thomas' brother, who is now a builder in Millard St. has a run-in with Mary Keeffe, Sarah Mahony's sister, calling her a "bloody Papist", which shows the bitterness at the time between the Catholic and Protestant sides of the family. Years later William seems to have mellowed, maybe out of necessity. When he was dying he was staying in his nephew's property on Hanover St., and it was his niece-in-law, Sarah (Carroll) Kinmonth, who was caring for him.

1862 Marriage of William Kinmonth, slater and plasterer, brother of Thomas and living in Hanover St., in the Church of Ireland parish of St. Peter, and son of a ‘cotton manufacturer’, to Elizabeth Marshall in the registry office in Cork.

1875 Marriage of Thomas Kinmonth junior in 1875 to Jane Meagher from Ballinlough. Thomas was living in Hanover street. A possible mistake with the street number – more likely 13.

1871 - Thomas

Kinmonth in 200 Bute St., Cardiff as coal Dealer, cattle dealer, and Poulterer and his son William Kinmonth in 13 Hanover St. Cork

Dec 1872 The first trams in Cork

1871 Welsh Census â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Thomas Kinmonth with Ann Rennick, housekeeper, in 200 Bute St. Cardiff

The following documents provide the evidence that Thomas Kinmonth, husband of Sarah nĂŠe Mahony), had a second family in Wales with Ann Rennick. It is not known what relationship she had with the Kinmonth family after Thomas died in 1879. She continued to be a poulterer with her sons until she died in 1922 and their son Fred continued until at least 1937 and he died in 1960.

This is very likely a 'cartes de visite' portrait of Thomas Kinmonth. The photographer, Martin, had a studio next door to 200 Bute St. The photo was handed down through the William P. Kinmonth family, c/o Carmel Daly.

Birth registration of Fred Kinmonth, father ; Thomas Kinmonth, 1877, Cardiff.

1881 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Welsh Census

Death registration of Mary Kinmonth (father: Thomas Kinmonth), 1886, Cardiff, aged 15 years.

Note that Ann still calls herself Rennick, evidence that she and Thomas never married. Thomas had died two years earlier.

This 'cartes de visite' portrait is most likley of Ann Rennick. The photographers A & G Taylor also had a branch at 217 Bute St. a few doors up from Ann. The dress style suggests it was taken in the early 1880s. The photo was handed down through the William P. 49 Kinmonth family - c/o Carmel Daly.

End of a generation – Deaths of brothers Thomas and William Kinmonth and of Sarah Kinmonth

1879 Cardiff

Death cert of Thomas Kinmonth, died 1879 in 200 Bute St. (then called Bute Road), Cardiff, attended by his son John Kinmonth. He was buried in St. Mary's Anglican church graveyard, Bute St.

1882 Cork Death of Sarah Kinmonth, née Mahony, wife of Thomas Kinmonth in Cork, 1882, from a stroke (called apoplexy then).

1886 Cork Death cert of William Kinmonth, brother of Thomas Kinmonth in 1886. Note that he died in Hanover St. in the presence of his ‘niecein-law’, Sarah Kinmonth (née Carroll). This was the first evidence at the beginning of our search that William the slater, and then builder, was Thomas’ brother.

1891 – Welsh Census – Ann Kinmonth, widow and family

Note that this is the first time that Ann calls herself Kinmonth.

Marriage registration of Ann’s son George Henry Kinmonth, 1907. Note his father is named as Thomas Kinmonth, poulterer. Another proof of Ann and Thomas’ relationship.

1865

William and Sarah (Carroll) Kinmonth and Family

From Wales to Cork

William and Sarah remained in Cardiff for a number of years after their marriage, living in the suburb of Penarth. They had two children there; Minnie, born in 1866 and Hugh Francis, born June 1868. Note that he did not call his first born son Thomas, as was the custom for generations. It can be presumed that William, now the eldest surviving son of Thomas, worked with his father there on building the poultry and provisions import business, but maybe the relationship went sour when Thomas "took up" with Anne Rennick and had a family with her. Sometime before July 1869 the family returned to Cork where William Paul, and the rest of the children were born. They lived in and continued to run the business from 13 Hanover St. until about 1876 when they moved to 7 Woods Lane. While the family moved to better homes as the business grew, William always kept Woods Lane as the seat of their business until he died there, still working at age 84, in 1926.

The Kinmonth Children

Minnie 1866

- Born in Cardiff , 1866, and died in Cork of gastric fever in 1888, aged 22

Hugh Francis 1868

William 'Will' Paul 1869

Baptism record of William Paul Kinmonth 29th June 1869 in SS. Peter and Paul. Note a sponsor is Mary Anne O'Keeffe, Sarah Mahony's sister, who confronted William Kinmonth the builder about bringing a priest for George Kinmonth, the son of Thomas.

Elizabeth 'Lizzie' 1871 Birth registration of Elizabeth Kinmonth 1871. They lived then at 44 Duncan Street (now Grattan St.) and William still had his fruit and poultry exporting business at 13 Hanover Street.

Baptism registration of Elizabeth Kinmonth 5th March 1871. SS Peter and Paul Church.

Agnes 1872 - died 1872 aged 8 days

Sarah Anne 'Doll' 1873

Baptism record of Sarah Anne (b. 4th July 1873) 5th July in SS Peter and Paul Church. Note a witness was her uncle John Carroll from Cardiff

George Henry 1876

Baptism record of George Henry (b. 11th Aug 1876) in SS. Peter and Paul Church (RC) Cork

John 'Jack' 1879 Thomas 'Tom' Augustine 1882 Adaline Rose 1886 Isabella 'Bell' 1888

1871

William established as leading the Kinmonth Poultry and Provisions business

Listing of Wm. Kinmonth, fruit dealer and poultry exporter, 13 Hanover St. in Fultonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Directory of Cork, 1871

Then at 5 Lancaster Quay and 69 Grand Parade Note his uncle William is a builder in Millerd St.

Adverts in Francis Guy’s directories of Cork

1883

Guy’s Directory of Cork 1883. In 1884 he was still at 69 Grand Parade

1886

William Kinmonth about 1895 Photo courtesy of Dorothy Cross

The bar was low for handymen in Cork in 1890!

1893

1902 - in Kerry

Top of an invoice sheet from the Woods' St. facility, showing the scale of the business with turkeys hanging on display.

(courtesy Vicky Kinmonth-Gordon)

This was Williamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s final place of business, and where he died of a heart attack in 1926, aged 84.

From about 1876 (when George Kinmonth was born), the family lived at 7 Woods Lane (later becoming Woods Street), until about 1893 when they moved to 20 Great Georges St. West (later Washington St. West), keeping Woods Lane/Street as their main place of business. At this time William Paul was running the business while Hugh Francis was selling bicycles in Limerick, showing little interest in his father's business.

3,000 Rabbits a week!

Cork Examiner 1916. The business sourced eggs and poultry from all over Counties Cork and Kerry .

1893

William as Town Councillor and running for Alderman in Cork Corporation

William served on the Cork Town Council as a Town Councillor (TC) for many years from at least 1893 to at least 1911, according to newspaper reports. He was an independently minded man on the Nationalist 'O'Brienite' political side, but he may have gone against Parnell in the split. He participated in the Irish Race Convention in Dublin in September 1886, which was heavily supported by the Catholic Church.

Subject to ridicule as well: called a 'chicken choker' from the public gallery in jest. The nickname stuck.

William Kinmonth T.C., J.P. Town Councillor and Justice of the Peace Candidate for Alderman, West Ward Courtesy: Cork Examiner 11 Jan. 1911

William Kinmonth TC showed his mettle In Cork Corporationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Town Council. and the public gallery goes wild! 1893.

1889 - The new craze - Cycling The introduction of the 'safety bicycle' around 1885, known as 'the freedom machine' had an impact in society that is hard to imagine today. It liberated young men, and very soon young women, to wander far from town to country and from country to town, even been credited with ending the phenomenon of the 'village idiot' in rural Ireland (think about it). And a new craze took off, especially for the middle classes; - cycle racing. William Kinmonth's eldest son Hugh Francis took up the sport, as well as the Wolfe brothers of Skibbereen, William and Jasper. So too did the son of a lowly Royal Navy pensioner in Cork, an accountant named Timothy J. O'Mahony, known as TJ. The Cork Cycle Club was a focus of their interest in the sport and a good place to socialize. In 1889 Hugh Francis was competing with TJ in races on the Mardyke, and six years later TJ married Hugh's sister Elizabeth, known as Lizzy. They both served as officers of the club at various times. Such was Hugh Francis' interest in cycling he set up business in Limerick as manager of the Clyde Cycle Company, and then invested that business into the Revolution Cycle Company in 1897, which collapsed in 1894.

July 4th 1895 : T J O'Mahony is Hon. Sec and William Kinmonth TC, his future father-inlaw, is one of the race stewards.

Bandon to Cork Time Trial race between Hugh Francis Kinmonth and T J O'Mahony This road race in 1893 between Hugh Francis and T J was from the Allman distillery in Bandon, where Hugh â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Weaverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Kinmonth, worked when it was a cotton mill, 1813 -26. TJ rode the Ivel bike below and Hugh was on the Raleigh. Joseph Dunlop's new pneumatic rubber tyres, invented in Belfast 5 years earlier, were probably used.

"Kinmonth rode a Raleigh, and O'Mahony an Ivel, from Mr. Cooke's establishment."

William and the Lee Rowing Club

William was a long-time member of the Lee Rowing Club, elected Vice-President in 1891 and President in 1909

William Kinmonth President (2nd from right at rear) with the Junior 8+ 1909. Winners of : • The Crosshaven Cup, Cork, • The Cappoquin Cup, Waterford, • Junior Eight, Queenstown.

William Kinmonth, President, with the Junior 4+ 1911 Winners of : • The Dodder Cup, Dublin Regatta, • Murphy Cup, Limerick, • Junior 4+ Cappoquin, Waterford.

William Kinmonth, President, with the Maiden 8+ and 4+ 1911 Winners of : • The Bloomfield Cup, Cork • The Quin Cup, Limerick, • The Ashbourne Cup, Cork,

1894 - William Paul Kinmonth in Cardiff

- he clarifies the feelings of the Cork Kinmonths to their half brothers in Cardiff

Back in 1865, when William married Sarah Carroll, the Carroll parents and their children were living at the Hastings Hotel, 5 Herbert St., operated by Canadian born Captain Lyman James Durkee and his wife Bridget, a daughter of the Carrolls and Sarah's elder sister. Bridget had a son, Albert, by an earlier marriage to another mariner Thomas Shirley, who was lost at sea in Brazil. Albert was a joiner's apprentice in 1871 and he was present at the death of William Carroll in 1876. Both Carroll parents died within six months of each other in that year. Albert went on to marry and have a family and was a carpenter and a taxi operator in Cardiff. But that's not all he was involved in as several newspapers in South Wales reported years later (article on right) about a raid on a betting operation in Mill Lane. It took place in 1894 , when William Paul and his wife Harriet were in Cardiff. In the meantime the sons of Thomas Kinmonth by Ann Rennick were working with their mother as poulterers in St. Mary's market, at their shop and house on 200 Bute Street, and close-by at 1 Mill Lane in partnership with a Mr Griffett. It seems they were friendly with their cousin Albert Shirley/Durkee, Sarah Carroll's nephew, as the same article demonstrates. The article prompted an immediate response from William Paul with a sharp letter distancing himself from these Kinmonths and without mentioning his first cousin Albert, who was arrested and accused of running an illegal betting operation at the Mill Lane property of the Kinmonths. The episode shows that the Kinmonths in Cork did not include Thomas' partner and her children in their export business.

"I am the only 'Kinmonth' in Cardiff" William P Kinmonth, letter to the editors of various Cardiff newspapers 1894.

Map of Cork City 1897 1875 – 1893 - Kinmonth deaths, and burials in St. Finbarr’s cemetery, Cork Sect Row Plot

Unnamed female, stillborn, in 1875 Agnes, died 1881, aged 8 of inflammation. Occupation of father should be ‘Fruiterer ‘. Minnie (born in Cardiff in 1866), died 1888 in Cork aged 22, of gastric fever. Adaline Rose, died 1891, aged 5 of Diphtheria. Jane Kinmouth, married to Thomas Kinmonth, brother of William, aged 37, died 1893

1901 Census returns for William Kinmonth and Sarah Carroll

The Kinmonths were living in 21 Great Georges St. West, now called Washington St. West Compare the typed transcription with the handwritten version completed and signed by William. It is plain that there was an error with transcribing the name Kinmonth.

Note Sarahâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s birthplace as Newport Mon (Monmouthshire)

1908 - Mr. Kinmonth, as Town Councillor, goes to Washington DC

An amusing piece of evidence is this passenger manifest from the SS. Mauretania for his travel. It shows his colleague from the Council, Henry O'Shea (not clear why the entry is crossed out in this copy), but William states his age as 60 (he was 68) and his next of kin to be his wife, 'the Lady Mayoress of Cork'. William was many things - TC, and JP, but never Lord Mayor!

1908 Ferney, Blackrock

Ferney is the house on the left, above the smoke stack of the boat. The house was built about 1785 on a 25 acre demesne. This print was created between 1850 and 1860.

William and Sarah Kinmonth (nĂŠe Carroll) at William's peak in business and politics. about 1910 in Ferney (photos thanks to Dorothy Cross)

Census return for 1911. There seems to be a mistake with Thomasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; age (it should be 28). Sarah Anne should be about 37. Isabella was in Lisdoonvarna with her brother George on the night of the census on April 2nd. In 1911 the census asked for the number of children born alive and the number still living. Note that 11 children were born alive and 8 were still living. Adaline Rose, Agnes and Minnie had died before 1888.

Building return form with the number of rooms, and windows on the front being the greatest determinant of the class of dwelling class Census building form for Ferney in 1911. Twenty windows to the front! .

Griffiths Valuations 1852 map of Mahon and its houses.

Note that the Ferney property reached the seafront, which since then has been reclaimed and now has playing fields and the N22 ring road.

An overlay of historical and modern maps of Ferney. The front door of Ferney was situated at the bend on the present day Eden Close.

1897 - The first Kinmonth phone in Ireland: Number: Cork 413

Cork telephone directory ; 1910

The Marriages of the Kinmonth children

1893 - William Paul marries Harriet Carraher

William Paul died at the young age of 52 in 1920 when his father was 78. His son William (Billya) was so devastated that he rejected the luxury lifestyle of Ferney and it looks like William Snr. had to get back into the business. The family of William Paul never recovered after that. (Photo thanks to Carmel Daly)

1894 - Hugh Francis marries Hanora Barter when he was in the bicycle business in Limerick

An unwise investment - Revolution Cycle Co.

Elizabeth (Betty) married Patrick Coveney in 1932. Her brother William died of Spanish 'flu in 1918, aged 19.

Hugh survived the loss of his investment in the Revolution Cycle Co. in Limerick and set up again in Pembroke St. Cork in 1904 this time as a fish and poultry monger.

1895 - Elizabeth (Lizzie) marries Timothy John (TJ) O'Mahony

Lizzie Kinmonth, wife of T J O'Mahony 1871 - 1913

After Lizzie died aged 42 her daughter, 16 year old Isabella, the only girl, went to live in Ferney with the Kinmonths where her aunt Bell took her under her wing. She married Joe English close by in Tenby Cottage in 1919. When William Snr. died in 1926 Joe attempted to run the business but he suffered from severe depression and died two years later in 1928, leaving Bell to manage things.

1910 John marries Jennie Vaughan. He died two years later.

1914 George Henry marries Delia Daly

George and his sister Isabel were in Lisdoonvarna during the census of 1911. George had moved there as a GP, having studied medicine in University College Cork. He married Delia Daly from Lough Mask Co. Mayo, in St.Andrew's church, Westland Row, Dublin on Dec 29th 1914 and they had four children ; John Bernard and Maurice in Lisdoonvarna, and Dorothy and Anne in London. In1920 he moved his family to Dulwich in London.

Early deaths of Kinmonth children

Jack died at 1:30 pm on Friday 31st May 1912. He had married Jennie Vaughan in 1910, but they had no children Liz died at 4:00 am on 1st. July 1913 Will died at 4:45 pm on Tuesday 21st December 1920 Tom died at 7:30 pm on Wednesday 7th October 1936

1926 – Death of William Kinmonth

William Kinmonth died at 11 am on Wednesday 10th February 1926, aged 84 years while working at 7 Woods St. in presence of his son Hugh Francis.

1934 – Death of Sarah (Carroll) Kinmonth

Sarah Kinmonth (widow) died at 10:30 am on Thursday 22nd November at Ferney, Blackrock, Co. Cork 1934, aged 92.

Register of burials at St. Finbarr’s Cemetery with the entry for Sarah Kinmonth, gentlewoman The entry in the record book can be viewed in the Cemetery Lodge, Tel : 021- 4545997

The Kinmonth family grave in St. Finbarrâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cemetary, Cork. Section D, Row 3 (III), Plot 22.

1938

The end of the Kinmonths at Ferney â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Sale of contents 15 Oct. 1938 and sale of house 1940

It was left to Bell (Isobel) Kinmonth to continue to run the business on a reduced level from her home in Ferney after her father William died in 1926, but there was no one to take it over after her. Finally, after her mother Sarah died in 1934 it was time to sell up. and move to Crosshaven. Ferney was sold in 1940 but it was never lived in again and eventually Cork Corporation bought it, and in 1981 got planning permission to build social housing on the site, demolishing the house itself. All that remained was the walled garden and the gardener's cottage, since renamed Ferney Cottage, and the road names Ferney Road and Ferney Close.

The original nameplate of Ferney, now on the front of what was the house of George H Kinmonth's daughter, Dorothy Cross in Lover's Walk, Montenotte, Cork.

O’Mahonys (grandchildren of Lizzie Kinmonth) leaning against the wall of Ferney in Sept 2017 . L to R : Cyril (d. Dec 2018), Des, Fergal (Des’ son), John (Albie’s Son), and Aileen Foley (Elizabeth Ellen). The still intact walled fruit and vegetable garden of Ferney, now the property of the owner of Ferney cottage on the site.. The Google maps coordinates for the garden are: 51.895120, -8.399154 51.895120, 8.399154

51.8 51.895120, -8.399154 95120, -8.399154

Photo Album 1908 - 1940 1920s Cork

Lillian Kinmonth Daughter of William Paul Kinmonth. She married Conor O'Sullivan, a medical student, in July 1921.

Delia (nĂŠe Daly) and George Henry Kinmonth with children; Maurice, John, and Dorothy, at Ferney c. 1927

Elizabeth (Lizzie) Kinmonth's son Ernest O'Mahony and with Nor Conway and a friend

Ernest O'Mahony in the winning junior eight 1923

1930s - sailing at Crosshaven

Albie O’Mahony, son of Elizabeth Kinmonth

Ted O’Mahony, another son of Lizzie Kinmonth at the helm of the Helga at the entrance to Crosshaven harbour (‘The Terrace ‘ is in the background)

At Crosshaven on left : Thomas Kinmonth, William Kinmonth (with tie), Clem Barter, Albie Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Mahony (with beret), Sid Mahony. Sometime in the thirties

Last Days at Ferney 1926 - 1938

John and Maurice Kinmonth At Ferney 1930

Bell at the Piano In Ferney c. 1918

Albie Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Mahony John Kinmonth and Doll Kinmonth Ferney 1930

John Kinmonth Albie Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Mahony Maurice Kinmonth Ferney 1929

Maurice Kinmonth Setting up for Tennis Ferney 1937

Isobel Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Mahony Sailing at Crosshaven 1935

Sarah Kinmonth (nĂŠe Carroll) and Bell At Ferney 1930

Last days Ferney 1938

At Lisavar Crosshaven

Doll (Sarah Anne), George Henry, and Bell (Isabel) Kinmonth at Lisavar, Crosshaven in the fifties.

Bell (Isabel) Kinmonth, Dorothy Cross (George's daughter) and Doll (Sarah Anne) at Lisavar, Crosshaven in the fifties.

Where are they now? - an update on some of the Kinmonths of Cork William and Sarah Kinmonth lost many of their own children before they themselves passed away. Seven of their twelve children predeceased them. The first was a still born child in 1875, followed by Agnes only eight days old in 1881, Minnie, their first born, died in 1888 aged just 22, and Adaline Rose in 1891 at five years of age. Then John at 33, and Lizzie at 42, both married, died in 1912 and 1913 respectively. In 1920, William Paul left Harriet a widow with eight children aged from 25 down to eight years old. William senior himself died of a heart attack while still working in his office in Woods St. in 1926, aged 84. Sarah lived until 1934 when she died of cardiac failure due to bronco-pneumonia, aged 92. Their son Thomas Augustine died two years later aged 54. Sarah Anne, known as Doll, and her youngest sister Isabella, known as Bell, lived on in Ferney and never married. Bell died in 1956 aged 68 in Crosshaven and Doll lived to be 90 years dying in 1973. Some of the more publicly known Kinmonths today are the descendants of Hugh Francis Kinmonth and George Henry Kinmonth.

Hugh Francis Kinmonth In terms of the business continuing it looks like William Paul was the most engaged with his father in promoting the export side,

travelling often to Cardiff and Liverpool. However he died a relatively young man in 1920. His sons were so devastated by his death that none of them could take over. The eldest son Hugh Francis, had set up business in Limerick in 1894. He married Hanora Barter there that year, and being a huge cycling fan got involved financially with a new bicycle company called the Revolution Cycle Company (RCC). He made the mistake of selling his business to the company in exchange for shares in this new company. This turned out to be a disaster as it folded with ÂŁ40,000 debts in 1897. Another Cork investor in RCC was Thomas Musgrave the cofounder with his brother of a food wholesale business which developed into the SuperValu and Centra franchises we know today. Hugh survived sufficiently to set up another fish business at 12 Pembroke St. in Cork in 1904 and continued to work there until the 1950s. But it seems he never got involved with his father's business, although he was present at his death in 1926, probably called around by William's staff from his shop in Pembroke St, a ten minute sprint on foot to Woods St. Hugh and Hanora had two children, William and Elizabeth. William died in 1918 of Spanaish 'flu, and Elizabeth (Betty) married Patrick Coveney in 1932. Their son Hugh Coveney became a famous Fine Gael politician in Cork. He had seven children and one of the youngest, Simon Coveney, followed his father into politics in the Fine Gael party and he became Tanaiste (Deputy Prime Minister) and Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2017, dealing with Brexit as his main challenge.

George Henry Kinmonth George Henry studied medicine in Queens College Cork (later UCC) and the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin. He practiced in Leap in Cork at first but moved to Lisdoonvarna and married Delia Daly from Lough Mask in Co. Galway in 1914. They had two children in Co. Clare, John and Maurice, but during the civil war they moved to Dulwich in London where Anne and Dorothy were born. The Kinmonth sons of George and Delia went on to become famous surgeons in England. Maurice pioneered some of the early techniques in plastic surgery, joined the RAF during the war and spent three years as a POW in Singapore. John became Professor of Surgery in St. Thomas' Hospital and he was a keen sailor, keeping a boat at Glandore in Co. Cork. Anne and Dorothy Kinmonth married Cork men. Anne married Kevin Kearney of the Arbutus Lodge in Montenotte, Cork. Their son Richard Kearney became a well-known philosopher in Ireland, Professor of Philosophy in University College Dublin and later in Boston College. Dorothy's daughter Dorothy Cross is a famous Irish artist living in the west of Ireland. Maurice Kinmonth's son Patrick Kinmonth is a multi talented opera director and designer, filmmaker, writer, painter, interior designer, art editor, creative director and curator, describing himself as 'Anglo-Irish'. John Kinmonth's daughter Claudia Kinmonth is a writer and research on Irish rural farmhouse furniture and lives in Leap in West Cork. John's daughter Margy Kinmonth is a filmmaker. Fergus Kinmonth is a tree surgeon and Ralph Kinmonth is a medical doctor in London.

Patrick Kinmonth

Margy Kinmonth

George Henry Kinmonth

John Bernard Kinmonth

Dorothy Cross

Claudia Kinmonth

Simon Coveney

Richard Kearney