Uofillinois AH Vol1 by Michal Najder

TEAM ILLINOISE REVERB UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 2017 RACE TO ZERO COMPETITION ATTACHED HOUSING

TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTIONS 7

Project Goals

Site Design and Context

Architectural Design

Interior Design, Lighting, and Appliances

Energy Analysis

26 Constructability 28

Financial Analysis

Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Design

Envelope Performance and Durability

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and Ventilation

38 Innovation.

LIST OF FIGURES 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21

Fig 2.1 – Champaign, IL Location Map Fig 2.2 – Existing Buildings Fig 2.3 – Existing Site Plan Fig 2.4 – Proposed Site Plan Fig 2.5 – Immediate Site Context Map Fig 2.6 – Site Plan Zoomed In Fig 2.7 – Site Section Fig 2.8 – Exploded Site Axon Fig 3.1 – 1st Floor Plan Fig 3.2 – 2nd Floor Plan Fig 3.3 – Front Exterior Rendering Fig 3.4 – Backyard rendering Fig 3.5 – Rooftop terrace rendering Fig 3.6 – 3D Section looking west Fig 3.7 – 3D section looking east Fig 3.8 – Passive Solar Shading Techniques Fig 3.9 – 3D section illustrating insulation types (N-S) Fig 3.10 – 3D section illustrating isulation types (E-W) Fig 3.11 – Sound attenuating assemblies Fig 4.1 – Rendered floor plans Fig 4.2 – Bedroom rendering Fig 4.3 – 2nd Floor Common Space Rendering Fig 4.4 – Kitchen Rendering Fig 4.5 – 2nd Floor Common Space Rendering Fig 4.6 – 1st Floor Daylight Analysis Fig 4.7 – 2nd Floor Daylight Analysis Fig 4.8 – Light Fixtures Fig 4.9 – Projected Kitchen Power Usage Fig 4.10 – Complete Appliance Lineup Fig 5.1 – Various Climate Data for Champaign, IL Fig 5.2 – Average Wet+Dry Bulb Temperature Bins Fig 5.3 – Humidity Average for Champaign, IL

TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES (CON’T) 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 27 28 28 29 32 32 32 36 36 37 38 38 41 42

Fig 5.4 – Annual Wind Rose (Frequency) Fig 5.5 – Annual Wind Rose (Speed) Fig 5.6 – Projected Annual Site Energy Consumption Fig 5.7 – Projected Annual Source Energy Consumption Fig 5.8 – Total Net Energy Use (Daily) from Beopt Fig 5.9 – Monthly Net Energy Usage Beopt Fig 5.10 – Hourly Energy Simulation Result from Beopt Fig 5.11 – HERS rating summary Fig 5.12 – Site Energy Comparison Fig 5.13 – Annual Energy Cost Comparison Fig 5.14 – Monthly Energy Output for 1 year Fig 5.15 – Axon diagram of rooftop PV system Fig 5.16 – Roofplan and PV Array Fig 5.17 – PV Array Layout Technical Diagram Fig 6.1 – Full Wall Detail Section + 3D Diagrams Fig 6.2 - 1st and 2nd floor structure plan Fig 6.3 - Technical full building sections Fig 7.1 – Construction Cost breakdown Fig 8.1 – Hourly Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption Profile Fig 8.2 – Hourly Heating and Cooling Delivered Fig 8.3 – Mechanical and HVAC Layout Fig 9.1 – WUFI Hygrothermal analysis Fig 9.2 – Building Envelope Components – Details Fig 10.1 – Heating Recovery Ventilation System Diagram Fig 10.2 – Hourly Indoor Temperature (F) Fig 10.3 – Hourly Indoor Relative Humidity Fig 11.1 – US Natural Disaster Risk Map Fig 11.2 – Reverb’s Building Material Origin Map

LIST OF TABLES 15 19 20 20 21 23 26 26 29 29 29 30 30 31 34 40

Tbl 3.1 - Summary of Thermal Performance of Building Envelope Tbl 4.1 - Summary of light fixtures Tbl 4.2 - Table of Appliances Tbl 4.3 - Table of lighting levels and design conditions Tbl 5.1 - Design conditions and calculated heating and cooling loads Tbl 5.2 - Comparision of source usage energy consumption Tbl 5.3 - Payback period and costs of PV system Tbl 5.4 - Direct and indirect capital costs of PV system Tbl 7.1 - Sales Price Summary Tbl 7.2 - Debt Income Ratio Tbl 7.3 - Construction Cost Summary Tbl 7.4 - Impact of incentives on principal Tbl 7.5 - Complete PV financial analysis Tbl 8.1 - HVAC performance summary Tbl 8.2 - Estimated water usage Tbl 11.1 - Home Automation Summary

WHO WE ARE - OUR INSTITUTION

TEAM ILLINOISE Team IlliNOISE is comprised of 20 undergraduate and graduate engineering and architecture students from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. These students represent Illinois Solar Decathlon, the student organization that has competed in the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon in 2007, 2009, 2011, SD China 2013 and recently, both the U.S Dept. of Energyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 2015 and 2016 Race to Zero Competitions. As an entirely student-run team, Team IlliNOISE was managed by Illinois Solar Decathlon and consist of students whose majors range from civil engineering, architecture to sustainability. Similar to past Illinois Solar Decathlon project teams, the team was divided into six subteams: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Architecture HVAC/Energy Analysis (HVAC) PV/Electrical (PV/E) Lighting/Appliances/Home Automation (LAHA) Water Finance/Sponsorship/Construction Management (FSCM)

ACADEMIC INSTITUTION PROFILE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign As a prominent Midwest institution for research and development, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign continues to push the standards of technology, architecture, and their integration into society. In 2008, the chancellor signed the American College and University Presidentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Climate Commitment, pledging to be carbon neutral by 2050. To meet this goal, the university has been upgrading existing buildings to energy efficient standards, creating micro power plants on and off campus, and converting the vast transportation fleet to be completely biodiesel. Come spring of 2015, construction of a 5.87 megawatt solar farm will break ground, marking the first of many sustainable power plants providing for the campus. The university has begun integrating the rooftops of existing buildings with solar arrays, a challenge of balancing the 19th century Georgian style architecture with 21st century technology. The University has multiple new LEED construction and renovation projects under construction from 2017 to 2020, with the most recent completion project being the Electrical and Computer Engineering Building in 2015, which met LEED Platinum standards and is one of the largest net-zero buildings in the world.

RELEVANT COURSEWORK

TEAM QUALIFICATIONS

Both the Illinois School of Architecture and College of Engineering offers degrees in architecture and various engineering disciplines, which all encompass a rigorous selection of coursework with concentration on major topics such as architectural design, building performance, systems optimization, health and well-being as well as historic preservation through design studios, various seminars, and lectures. These courses help build the technological, environmental, and social background of architecture students from the University of Illinois. Team IlliNOISE routinely gathered to watch the DoE Race to Zero webinars to further develop their understanding of building sciences. In addition to meeting the DoE Building Science Training webinar requirement, Team IlliNOISE also participated in various free continuing education seminars and online courses offered by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and United States Green Building Council (USGBC) via BNP Media. These free courses provided supplementary knowledge related to building science and sustainable design that was applied to the Race to Zero project. As a team, many of our members have participated in the previous Race to Zero competitions, such as the 2015 and 2016 competition, which we were named a Grand Winner Finalist as well as 2nd Place in the Multifamily category, respectively. Many of our members are LEED Green Associates and have worked in many fields of sustainability, building science and building design and construction.

WHO WE ARE - MEET THE TEAM

TEAM ILLINOISE

As Illinois Solar Decathlon’s Race to Zero team, Team IlliNOISE from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is comprised of a diverse set of minds— from architects to engineers to construction managers. Many of our team members are LEED Green Associates and have worked in numerous sustainable disciplines, from architecture to civil engineering to mechanical engineering. The entire team is split into 6 “subteams” that focus on a particular aspect of the project.

ROBERT J. MOY Project Manager B.Architecture, Senior

MICHAEL NAJDER Project Manager M.Architecture & MBA, Graduate

AMANDA DARMOSAPUTRO Competition Lead B.S.Civil Engineering Senior

JOHN R. FLANAGAN PV Lead Energy Systems Graduate

GEORGE H. YONKE Plumbing+Water Lead Mechanical Engineering Senior

MARCUS VOEGELE Lighting+Appliances Lead Mechanical Engineering Senior

KEVIN C. ZHU Plumbing+Water Civil Engineering Junior

DANRAJ VYAS Finance Lead Civil Engineering Graduate

ROHAN KALYANI HVAC Chemical Engineering Junior

TURBOLD BAATARCHULUU HVAC Civil Engineering Junior

NICK NEKOLA HVAC Mechanical Engineering Senior

ALEX CASTANEDA HVAC Mechanical Engineering Senior

JIN YOUNG JUNG Architecture M.Architecture Graduate

JAKE FAVA PV/Energy Electrical Engineering Sophomore

McHUGH “MAC” CARROLL Architecture B.Architecture Sophomore

ALEXANDER SULEK Architecture B.Architecture Sophomore

DYLAN FUTRELL Lighting+Appliances Technical Systems Mngt. Senior

NATHAN R. TOMERLIN Lighting+Appliances Civil Engineering Freshman

CATHERINE NGUYEN Lighting+Appliances Industrial Engineering Junior

YOUNG JUN KIM Plumbing+Water Mechanical Engineering Junior

WHO WE ARE - INDUSTRY PARTNERS Thermocore SIPS

Midwest Manufacturing/ Menards

Located just 140 miles away from our site in Mooresville, IN, Thermocore works with homeowners, builders, and architects throughout the U.S. and Canada to custom-manufacture Structural Insulated Panels (SIPS) for home and commercial building designs. Thermocore served as a valuable resource in technical assistance, cost estimation detailing and providing performance statistics for the SIP panels used in Reverb.

Midwest Manufacturing has been in business since 1969, starting with a truss plant in Eau Claire, WI. Since then, more plants have been added in Eau Claire, WI; Iron Ridge, WI; Rochester, MN; Holiday City, OH; Plano, IL; Shelby, IA; Shell Rock, IA; Valley, NE; Terre Haute, IN; Rapid City, SD and Saginaw, MI. Dedicated to service and quality, these plants manufacture steel siding and roofing, beautiful interior doors and exterior doors, state of the art composite decking, environmentally friendly treated lumber, fasteners, stone and block, engineered roof & floor trusses, and countertops. Midwest Manufacturing’s continual growth has helped it become one of the largest manufacturers of building materials in the Midwest.

SolaTube Solatube is a leading manufacturer of tubular daylight devices used in many residential and commercial applications. Solatube assisted Team IlliNOISE in selecting the right model for the project as well as technical support in detailing and performance factors. Schuco Windows Schüco is one of the leading suppliers of high-quality window, door and façade systems made from aluminium, PVC-U and steel. Millions of Schüco products are used all over the world and meet the highest requirements of design, comfort, security and energy efficiency. Team IlliNOISE consulted Schuco Windows for window performance information and detailing. James Hardie James Hardie, a worldwide leader in durable siding and finishing materials most noted for their HardiePlank line of siding finishing products, aided Team IlliNOISE in the selection of fiber cement siding for the exterior of Reverb.

Samsung HVAC Founded in 1998, Samsung HVAC distributes innovative HVAC and mechanical equipment for the US and Canadian building markets. They design and manufacturer high-efficiency HVAC products for both the residential and commercial markets. Samsung HVAC aided Team IlliNOISE in the selection, technical support, as well as cost estimates with regards to the mini-split system. Simpson StrongTie A key manufacturer of structural connecting systems for wood, steel, masonry, concrete, and composite wood building construction, Simpson StrongTie will aid Team IlliNOISE in the selection of wind-resistant fasteners and connectors to be incorporated into Reverb.

Solaraty

The International Masonry Institute (IMI)

Established in 2015, Solaraty is a California solar energy company specializing in residential solar energy systems. We market, sell, and install PV solar energy systems to enable customers to power their lives using sunshine.

The International Masonry Institute (IMI) is a strategic alliance between the International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers and the contractors who employ those members. Through education, technical support, research and training

WHO WE ARE - FACULTY AND PROFESSIONAL ADVISORS Ralph E. Hammann, Ph.D., RA, LEED AP

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Champaign, IL Lead Faculty Advisor Dr. Hammann is a registered architect and LEED® accredited professional with an extended professional background. As the previous Head of Design, Head of Programming and Master Planning in two major German firms, his portfolio includes medium to large scale projects for corporate and private clients across Europe and the U.S. He blend’s design excellence with building performance and environmental design in his research which focuses on technology and sustainable design. He is the author of two books Creative Engineering,Energy Design for Tomorrow, various book chapters and five entries in the Encyclopedia of 20th Century Architecture. With contributions to PlusMinus 20º/40º Latitude: Sustainable Design for Tropical and Subtropical Climates and Advanced Building Systems: A Technical Guide for Architects and Engineers, he translates timeless sustainable principles into technical and engineering advancements. He was appointed the Thomas D. Hubbard Professorship in Architecture in 2011.

David M. Schwenk

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Champaign, IL U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Lab (CERL) HVAC Faculty Advisor and Building Automation Specialist Professor David M. Schwenk is an HVAC professional and U.S. Navy veteran, having worked primarily in the military industry as a consultant for the U.S. Army Construction and Engineering Research Lab (CERL) outfitting U.S. Army and Naval bases with the appropriate HVAC and building automation systems. He is an experienced professional in building automation.

Matthew Najder

Savane Properties - Winnetka, IL Construction Consultant

Maria Gironza

Solaraty PV and Energy specialist

Patrick Egan

Thermocore SIPs - Mooresville, IN Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) specialist

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PROJECT GOALS DOE Zero Energy Ready Home

IECC 2015

The goal of the DOE Zero Energy Ready Home is very straightforward and effective. Its aim is to certify houses that are so energy efficient that the energy demands of the house can be met through the use of renewable energy sources.

The International Energy Conservation Code is a building code created by the International Code Council in 2000. It is a model code adopted by many states and municipal governments in the United States for the establishment of minimum design and construction requirements for energy efficiency.

LEED Set forth by the United States Green Building Council, LEED is a green building certification with the aim of improving the energy performance in the built environment. It recognizes high performance in areas such as materials and resources, energy and atmosphere, water efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and many more. EnergyStar ENERGY STAR, set forth by the US Environmental Protection Agency, is a program that looks to reduce energy loads and energy costs by certifying products and homes. PassiveHouse (PHIUS) The Passive House Institute US is an extremely stringent energy standard that looks to certify passive buildings, which have an extremely airtight envelope, balanced heat and moisture recovery, high performance windows, and continuous insulation. Team IlliNOISE designed this house to achieve all passive house performance standards. WaterSense WaterSense, an Environmental Protection Agency partnership, aims to take a more responsible approach to water usage. By choosing products certified with the WaterSense label, Team Illinois looks to incorporate a more sustainable consumption of one the Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most precious resources.

EPA Indoor AirPLUS Indoor airPLUS is a voluntary partnership and labeling program that helps new home builders improve the quality of indoor air by requiring construction practices and product specifications that minimize exposure to airborne pollutants and contaminants. ASHRAE Standards Reverb is designed to comply with all applicable ASHRAE standards, such as 90.2, 62.2, and 55 to achieve a superior level of indoor comfort.

All-American Made Products Team IlliNOISE designed Reverb to not only serve as a blueprint for a net-zero attached housing unit, but also as a blueprint for creating American jobs by incorporating building products produced entirely in the United States. (See page 42).

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DESIGN CONSTRAINTS + LOCATION Concept Overview Aside from being a net-zero energy home, Reverb is also designed for: Building Resilience, Site Adaptability, ADA compliance, Noise mitigation, and Affordability. With Reverb, Team IlliNOISE aims to address many of the problems associated with traditional urban residential housing. Many of America’s growing cities are experiencing overcrowding related to the increase in urban residential development, which often lead to rising housing costs in urban areas. In addition, there exists a large number of existing residential buildings in the United States that are in deteriorating and often irreparable condition.[1] While it is possible to repair these houses, such renovations can be more expensive than new construction homes in many cases.[2] In addition, such renovations would require careful coordination between trades and renovation work would be difficult working around existing systems and structures.[3] As a result, this project aims to provide an example of how a demolition and subsequent new construction homes can be a more cost-effective option. Team IlliNOISE also aims to address the issue of excessive noise levels in many crowded urban environments. Reverb provides a viable and affordable solution to urban sound mitigation, creating a quiet, serene, and comfortable living space. Reverb is a testament to Team IlliNOISE’s goal of creating a home that is both affordable to the majority of individuals and families and compliant to the DOE zero energy ready home requirements. Team IlliNOISE also strives to design a house for a dense urban environment which provides all the amenities and comfort of a typical suburban home. Finally, with natural disasters posing a threat to many homes in the U.S., Reverb is designed to be resilient, durable and to have superior strength to mitigate the risk of damage from nature’s most powerful forces.

Climate Champaign falls under climate zone 5A typical of the U.S. Midwestern region, with high fluctuations in temperature and humidity. The city often sees hot, humid summers and cold winters. With an average annual precipitation of 41.15 inches and annual snowfall of 23 inches, Champaign is considered as part of group D in the Köppen climate classification system with humid continental climate Temperature Temperatures in Champaign vary widely throughout the year, and sometimes within weeks or even days. In 2015, February had the lowest monthly average temperature of 19°F, while July had the highest with 73°F[2]. Average annual temperatures in Champaign-Urbana show an overall rising trend, although considerable fluctuations occur between years and decades[1].

Site Overview & Statistics Demographics Home to the University of Illinois, Champaign has a population of approximately 86,000, a large portion of which is comprised of col[1] http://ecovisionslc.org/agelege-aged individuals. Champaign has a young median age of only 26 old-question-whether-buildyears old, and about 39% of its population is between 18 and 34 years new-remodel/ old. Transportation [2] http://jbace.com/renoSeveral bus stops are within walking distance of Reverb, enabling users vation-vs-new-constructo quickly reach the surrounding areas of Champaign, Urbana, and Savoy. Additionally, the entire Champaign-Urbana metropolitan area is tion-what-to-consider/ generally bike-friendly. Permit street parking as well as small lots are [3] http://realtormag.realtor.org/ also available nearby. sales-and-marketing/feature/ article/2015/05/build-or-buy

Champaign, IL Champaign County, IL Area: 22.47 sq. mi Pop: 83, 424 (2013) Density: 3,974/sq. mi 32,152 households 28, 556 housing units

CHAMPAIGN

URBANA

FIGURE 2.1: Champaign, IL Location Map

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SITE LOCATION Existing Site Conditions Champaign, IL, situated about 150 miles south of Chicago, 130 miles east of St. Louis, and 120 miles west of Indianapolis. It is home to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dominated by red brick buildings, classic barnhouses and neo-Georgian architecture, Champaign is the quinessential example of classic Midwestern American architecture. The site of Reverb is situated on an existing lot on the corner of Daniel and Locust St. containing 5 existing single family houses in deteriorating and irreparable condition. Team IlliNOISE aims to demolish these existing crumbling buildings and replace them with three pairs of duplexes. While Team IlliNOISE considered renovating the existing homes to be used for the urban single family detached competition category, preliminary research proved that renovations can be more expensive than new construction homes in many cases.[1] In addition, such renovations would require careful coordination between trades and renovation work would be difficult working around existing systems and structures. In addition, a renovation would not be feasible as existing site and building conditions, such as building shape and orientation, could prevent the achievement net-zero entirely. To this end, Team IlliNOISE opted to demolish these existing homes to build the Reverb attached housing units as it was the most cost effective option. Replicable Strategy Reverb is located within a mile of the University of Illinois campus. It aims to fit within a typical urban lot, which is about 25’ wide x 70’ long. With the increase in urban development in many American cities, the availability of open lots is quickly dwindling. In addition, the average lot size is dramatically decreasing. Team IlliNOISE plans to offer a solution, by limiting our design to a 25’ x 70’ area. The goal is to have our project be applied not only to the Champaign-Urbana, IL area but to other urban areas in the US as well. Presently the building is oriented North and South, however, this project is aimed towards a scalable strategy where this building could be built in any orientation and in any city lot. Reverb was designed as an attached housing unit duplex, however, Reverb was also designed to be reconfigured to be an urban single family unit as well through some modifications to the party wall. With this design, Reverb can be built as an infill project, suburban development project, or dense urban development project.

BUS ROUTE

E. GREEN ST.

GREEN & SECOND (SW CORNER)

GREEN & LOCUST (SW CORNER)

FIGURE 2.2: Existing buildings

E. JOHN ST.

S. FIRST ST.

S. LOCUST ST.

S. OAK ST.

BUS ROUTE

SITE FIRST & DANIEL (NE CORNER)

E. DANIEL ST.

BUS ROUTE: 22N, 220N FIRST & DANIEL (SE FAR SIDE)

E. CHALMERS ST. BUS ROUTE: 22N, 220N

FIGURE 2.3: Existing buildings + site conditions

FIGURE 2.4: Proposed Site Design

FIGURE 2.5: Immediate Site Context Map

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SITE LOCATION + SITE DESIGN Raingarden Reverb contains a rain garden in the backyard to allow rain and melted snow to collect and pool naturally to allow for irrigation of nearby plants. This catchment area and rain garden also aids in building resiliency, as it collects excess rainwater and directs it away from the building foundation to prevent flooding to the house. This rain garden will also feature rainwater irrigation collected from the roof. Native Vegetation + Xeriscaping The raingarden contains a water retention area that serves two purposes: provide vegetation and green space while the sloped terrain allows for excess rainwater to be collected and driven away from the building foundation where it could cause flooding damage. The site also contains a wide variety of native plant species and plants that are drought resistant to lower water utility costs. Such plants include the Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), Black Eyed Susans (Rudbeckia fulgida), Panicle hydrangeas (H. paniculata), Sedums, Aromatic aster (Aster oblongifolius). The front and back lawn will consist of Zoysia grass, which is a drought resistant grass that also tolerates heavy foot traffic. The remainder of the site will contain an abundance of plant species native to the central Illinois area such as tall wild grasses. Reclaimed Wood The backyard also contains an outdoor fireplace, wooden fences, and a porch that is entirely constructed using reclaimed and salvaged wood from the demolished houses on the existing site. Repurposing existing materials is one of the most fundamental strategies of sustainable design and architecture. Reclaimed wood gives Reverb a vintage look and adds accents on both the exterior and interior. Using reclaimed wood can earn credits towards achieving LEED project certification. The front and rear porch, trellis and fences are all constructed using reclaimed wood elements. Reclaimed wood reuse reduces construction waste products, lowers overall construction costs, all while providing a rustic and historic feel to a space. Reclaimed Wood Porch and Fence

Rudbeckia hirta Black eyed susan

New replacement trees

Native drought-resistant vegetation (xeriscaping) FIGURE 2.6: Site Plan showing extents of a single unit. The building is designed to fit in a standard city lot measuring 25â&#x20AC;&#x2122; wide.

Drought resistant grass Sunken rain-garden - provides sustained rrigation. Sloped away from building

FIGURE 2.7: Site Section - Sloped grade

Echinacea Coneflower

Andropogon gerardi Big Bluestem

FIGURE 2.8: Exploded axon diagram of the backyard

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Floor Plan Layout

Outdoor BackyardDeck

Private Rear Balcony

Family Room

Bedrooms

Reverb’s 1st floor contains the public living and dining spaces. Because the kitchen is where families or groups of friends often gather together, it is the main celebrated space in the building and therefore located in the center of the house, and is flanked by 2 large living spaces to the north and south. The kitchen, family and living areas are all contiguous and act as one single room. The 2nd floor contains 4 bedrooms, 2 on the north side and 2 on the south, which flank a large open flex space. This space is intended as a multi-purpose common space and its usage determined by the residents. For example, a family living here could designate this space as a child’s play area, while a group of college-aged individuals could use it as a study space. Reverb is designed for maximum MEP efficiency. Reverb contains two chases - one plumbing and one HVAC chase to allow for MEP to be centralized exclusively along the party wall of each unit. The floor to ceiling height is at a standard 8’ and all hallway widths are at 3’6”. Reverb contains no basement, but rather a crawl space which allows the 1st floor to be elevated 1’6” above grade and makes no contact with the ground. This greatly enhances overall building envelope performance.

Kitchen 2nd Floor Common Space MEP Room

To allow for ADA compliance, Reverb is fully ADA compliant, and a stair-attached lift can enable people with disabilities to move freely between the 1st and 2nd floor. The front porch can easily be modified to include an ADA ramp. The rooms, clearances and doorways themselves are all ADA compliant, making Reverb a flexible living option for a wide variety of demographics, especially for people with disabilities and the elderly, with little or no mobility. Unlike other ADA-compliant homes that have a modified layout, Reverb does not require any modifications to the floor plan layout and does not limit a disabled person only to the first floor.

Dining Room Bathrooms Living Room

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOISUNIVERSITY AT OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

ATTACHED HOUSING

REVERB

63 E. DANIEL ST. 63 E. DANIEL ST. CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820

Bedrooms

2017 U.S. DEPARTMENT 2017 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OF ENERGY RACE TO ZERO DESIGN RACE TO ZERO DESIGN COMPETITION COMPETITION ISSUED FOR:

DATE

Private Front Balcony

Front Deck

DATE

ISSUED FOR:

1/21/2017

INITIAL CONSTRUCTION SET 1/21/2017

INITIAL CONSTRUCTION SET

3/28/2017

FINAL CONSTRUCTION SET 3/28/2017

FINAL CONSTRUCTION SET

4/042017

FINAL SUBMITTALS 4/042017

FINAL SUBMITTALS

ILLINOIS SOLAR DECATHLON ILLINOIS SOLAR DECATHLON TEAM ILLINOISE TEAM ILLINOISE RACE TO ZERO 2017 RACE TO ZERO 2017

1stFloor Shadows 1stFloor Shadows 2 3/16" = 1'-0" 3/16" = 1'-0"

Figure 3.1: First Floor Plan

2ndFloor Shadows 2ndFloor Shadows 1 3/16" = 1'-0" 3/16" = 1'-0"

Figure 3.2: Second Floor Plan

Project Number

3/16" = 1'-0" Scale Project Number

Scale

DN. BY: Team ILLINOISE

CK. BY:DN. BY: Team ILLINOISE

CK. BY:

3/16" = 1'-0"

Floor Plan Shadows Floor Plan Shadows (FOR VOLUME 1 VOLUME 1 (FOR ARCH PAGE,ARCH NOT PAGE, NOT FOR CD SET) FOR CD SET)

A105A105

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Reverb is a marriage of traditional Midwestern vernacular and modern aesthetics, designed with both traditional and modern architectural styles. The exterior will contain red fiber cement siding from JamesHardie to mirror the vintage red barns found abundantly in Illinois, a nod traditional Midwestern American architecture. The traditional style is juxtaposed by modern, clean lines and corners complimented by European-style windows. Clean and modern aesthetics are further achieved by smaller components of the facade, such as metal and glass railings for the 2nd floor balconies, and a modern wood pergola situated in the front entrance, which serves as a linkage between the house and the front yard. The pergola also doubles as a solar shading device for the south-facing windows and also provides protection to these windows from flying debris during tornado-strength winds. To conserve resources and to add a rustic flair to Reverbâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vernacular, the balconies contain reclaimed shiplap siding on the exterior to contrast the red fiber cement siding. This reduces the overall construction materials cost. Reclaimed wood is used extensively on the exterior of Reverb. The backyard contains an outdoor fireplace and fencing made entirely of reclaimed wood. The outdoor roofdeck terrace consists of a pergola and trellis made of reclaimed wood. The result is a timeless rustic roof deck and gathering space for residents and guests that adds beauty to an otherwise unused flat roof. FIGURE 3.3: Front Exterior Rendering (Daniel St. facade)

FIGURE 3.4: Backyard rendering

FIGURE 3.5: Rooftop terrace rendering

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - GOALS

SUM ME R

Passive Solar Shading + Box Type Windows A must-have for any high performing and net-zero energy building, passive solar shading allows for the penetration of sunlight during the winter months to increase the temperature inside the house, and blocking it during the summer months to keep the interior cool. Reverb is designed with numerous overhangs on the southern facade. Overhangs and louvers will be installed outside to block direct sunlight during the summer months. These overhangs are constructed using sustainably sourced wood, making them another sustainable design feature. Another innovative feature of the windows in addition to their superior thermal performance is the usage of a box-type window system for the exterior glazing. Box type windows have an additional exterior pane of glass that is flushed with the exterior wall that creates an air space in the interstitial areas of glazing, thus acting as a mini-double skin facade. This allows for this air to be heated during the winter, rise naturally and released into the interior spaces, warming the inside during the cold months. The box type windows function as a single unit and provides some natural ventilation. Box type windows also provide excellent sound insulation for the building, as the outermost layer of glazing blocks outside noise from entering into the inner layers of glass. Not only does the box-type windows help with sound insulation, but also thermal efficiency and ventilation, hence another reason why this type of window design feature was selected.

TER

WIN

FIGURE 3.6: 3D section cut looking west (See detailed section in Constructability)

FIGURE 3.7: South and West Elevations

FIGURE 3.8: Passive solar shading techniques

03_

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN -GOALS Strength and Performance - SIP construction Reverb is mainly constructed using Structural Insulated Panels (SIPS) and will adhere to a integrated-performance approach to designing the envelope with an emphasis on minimizing the number of required layers and membranes will still maintaining high performance and proper air and moisture sealing. The SIPs combines integrates structural support, insulation, window and door openings and electrical chases all in one panel, while eliminating the need for wood stud framing and additional costly insulation and membranes. SIP panels are designed with pre-installed features such as corners, electrical conduit boxes and door and window openings to reduce the construction time and waste. The interior core of the SIP panel contains a Class I fire rated closed-cell polyurethane foam that contains no formaldehydes or CFCs, and maintains structural integrity even in the event of a fire. The flat roof utilizes Thermocore’s 6 1/2” inch SIP panels, with a white reflective TPO membrane layer above it. Based on the layers applied on the roof structure, the roof will yield a total R-value of 60. A tight building envelope will require well fitting and high performance windows. To this end, Team Illinois used high performance windows from Schuco with triple pane low-e glazing filled with Krypton gas for high thermal resistance, low heat gain coefficients and low overall thermal conductivity. The U-value of these windows is 0.17 and the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) is 0.22. These windows exceed EnergyStar ratings, and are even Passive House ready. Door and window openings are sloped away from the interior of the building and are properly flashed using a butyl tape sealant for the top and sides and the sills are flashed with a flexible water-proof fabric. The crawl space is insulated with 1.5” of rigid GPS (Graphite Polystyrene Insulation) on both sides to prevent frost damage. The first floor of Reverb is situated on a raised floor, with no physical contact with the soil, and the air in the insulated crawl space underneath maintains a comfortable temperature inside the home. High density closed cell spray foam insulation was used to insulate and air seal joints, seams and the roof. All interior 5/8” gypsum wall boards are completely sealed at every joint and corner. Team IlliNOISE selected wood trusses instead of conventional floor and ceiling joists to bolster Reverb’s strength and resilience. In terms of strength, when combined with the heavy-duty floor and flat roof trusses, SIP panels provide superior strength to the entire house, allowing it to pretect the residents inside during high winds and natural disasters, such as tornadoes and hurricanes.

Structural Insulated Panels (typ)

FIGURE 3.9: 3D Section cut (N-S) illustrating location of insulation types Type Slab Above Grade Walls Roof Windows Doors Skylights

Construction Cast in Place with 4" Rigid GPS insulation Thermocore 8 1/2" SIPs with XPS Cores Thermocore 8 1/2" SIPs with Additional 1.5" Rigid GPS insulation Schuco AWS 90.SI Fixed+Operable (triple pane, low-e, krypton) Anderson Sliding Patio Door (triple glaze, low-e, argon) Velux Fixed Skylight (triple pane)

FIGURE 3.10: 3D Section cut (E-W) illustrating location of insulation types Total R-Value R30 R50 R60

TABLE 3.1: Summary of thermal performance of various components within the building envelope

Total U-Value

SHGC

SIP Roof +High Density Closed-Cell Spray Foam Insulation (R60)

0.17 0.23 0.25

0.22 0.24 0.27

SIP Wall Built-in XPS Insulation (R50) Slab with 4” GPS Insulation (R30)

03_

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - GOALS

Sound Mitigation & Absorption Sound mitigation is one of Team IlliNOISE’s essential focal points when designing Reverb. With multifamily and attached housing units, sound mitigation and creating a quiet indoor environment are a major concern among architects and builders, especially in urban areas where noise pollution exacerbate issues. To combat this, Team IlliNOISE designed Reverb to have an STC rating of at least 55 on all exterior and interior partitions. The exterior walls will consist of a Structural Insulated Panel System (SIP), which will be covered with 2 layers of sound attenuating 5/8” gypsum board. The SIP panel system will yield a total STC of 60, sufficient enough to cancel out a majority of noise from the exterior. Most Building Codes specify a minimum architectural design standard of privacy of 50 STC (Sound Transmission Class) and a 50 IIC (Impact Isolation Class). Sound attenuating gypsum boards contain a dense mass core that provide excellent sound attenuation and mitigation properties. The party wall separating the two units will be made of concrete to allow for enhanced sound mitigation. This is because the only effective material that blocks sound is the one with the most mass. The floors on the 2nd floor will consist of sound dampening carpet and sound attenuating underlayments with Owens Corning Quietzone Acoustical Batt Insulation. Combined with the gypsum wallboards and ceiling boards and Green Glue, Reverb aims to effectively reduce sound levels within the building, creating a quiet and serene atmosphere. Strength, Durability and Resiliency Building resiliency was a primary focal point when designing Reverb. Millions of Americans, especially in the Midwest, are prone to tornadoes, high winds and flooding. While it does not pose a direct threat to the Midwest, small earthquakes are known to occur occasionally in this area. Reverb aims to consider all possible natural disaster scenarios through the selection of durable building materials, strong structural connections and redundancy in detailing to create a safe, durable and disaster resistant home. To create a durable home, we will be using 6 1/2” thick SIPs (Structural Insulated Panels) for the entirety of the above-grade building envelope. On the exterior, HardiePlank fiber cement siding will be installed and will act as the primary rainscreen. To ensure a strong connection to the structural members of Reverb, Simpson StrongTie high-wind resistant fasteners and connections will be used throughout the home. These fasteners resist uplift and lateral forces caused by high winds and prevent structural damage from them as well. The triple pane Schuco windows themselves are impact resistant, making Reverb durable and easily resist high wind damage. Finally, for flood prevention, the landscaping CMU Party Wall Construction

Flat SIP Roof Construction

STC: 60 R60

STC: 71

Exterior SIP Wall Construction

Floor Construction

STC: 55 FIGURE 3.11: 3D axonometric diagram showing various sound attenuating wall assemblies in Reverb

STC: 60 R50

04_

INTERIOR DESIGN, LIGHTING, APPLIANCES Interior Design Overview Creating a modern and contemporary exterior also means incorporating the same into the interior spaces. Team IlliNOISE aimed to design the interior spaces to accomodate a wide variety of demographics - age, gender, occupation, etc. The interior contains a modern and contemporary look, with an emphasis on light and reflective finishes to diffuse natural daylighting throughout the space. At every opportunity, reclaimed wood from the existing demolished houses were repurposed into Reverb, such as the flooring and accent walls. The kitchen, family and living areas are all contiguous and act as one single room. Clean and minimal aesthetics are achieved by combining the reclaimed wood floors, white granite countertops, white flushed-faced cabinetry with glass accents, reclaimed wood accent walls, and aqua-colored pendant lights above the kitchen island. Open Floor Plan On the first floor, the kitchen, family and living areas are all contiguous and act as one single room, to give users flexibility in the usage of these spaces. The 2nd floor contains 4 bedrooms, 2 on the north side and 2 on the south, which flank a large open flex space. Open spaces allow for greater connectivity and social interaction among families and friends. Sound Attenuation Sound attenuation and dampening remains at the forefront of Reverb’s design and Team IlliNOISE’s design approach. All exterior walls and interior walls with the exception of bathrooms, closets and the mechanical room will will be covered with 2 layers of 5/8” gypsum board with a middle layer of green glue. This yields a total STC of 60 for exterior walls and 50 for interior walls. To further increase the sound attenuation properties of Reverb, the upstairs bedrooms contain sound attenuating carpet. Reclaimed Wood Finishes Both floors contain reclaimed wood flooring finishes as well as accent walls in the kitchen, 2nd floor common space and bedrooms which add a rustic flair. Reclaimed wood finishes lowers waste and lowers overall costs. No-Voc Paint and Finishes All finishes and paints have been verified to contain absolutely zero VOC’s and other dangerous toxins. Any VOC’s will be removed by an indoor green wall (see page 39 for more information). Figure 4.1 - Rendered Floorplans

04_

INTERIOR DESIGN, LIGHTING, APPLIANCES

Figure 4.2 - Bedroom rendering

Figure 4.4 - Kitchen Rendering

Figure 4.3 - 2nd floor common space rendering

Figure 4.5 - 2nd floor common space rendering

04_

INTERIOR DESIGN, LIGHTING, APPLIANCES Occupant health and wellbeing is at the forefront of the interior design of Reverb. The interior walls and ceilings will be clad with gypsum drywall boards with reflective paint to diffuse natural daylighting throughout the space. Interior design also takes into consideration indoor air quality. All interior finishes will contain zero volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and emit no toxic fumes or gasses such as formaldehyde and many contain recycled and post-consumer products. At every opportunity, Team IlliNOISE sought to incorporate reclaimed wood elements to lower costs and reduce construction waste. Natural Daylighting To maximize the amount of natural daylighting throughout the interior spaces, Reverb was designed using reflective gypsum board that is used extensively on walls, ceilings and other surfaces to reflect and diffuse daylighting evenly throughout the home. Large Schuco-manufactured windows (U-value= 0.17) with krypton-filled triple pane low-e glazing provide ample amounts of daylighting without hindering envelope and overall building performance. Careful placement of windows, solatubes and skylights provide ample amounts of natural daylighting during the day, eliminating the need to provide the unit with any artificial light when the sky is overcast or clear. Implementing artificial lighting fixtures is focused on areas that receive little or no natural lighting, such as in the hallways, staircase area and bathrooms. In areas that do require artificial lighting, a combination of multiple types of lighting fixtures were chosen for different areas of the building to complement the aesthetics of the interior. All artificial lighting fixtures are LED and EnergyStar rated. Recessed fixtures act as the backbone of the lighting layout, and are incorporated into most of the rooms. Each bedroom was provided with a single recessed fixture, based on the assumption that tenants will most likely supply their own lighting fixtures in addition to these. For the main living room, a set of adjustable track lighting is also used for when more directionally focused lighting is needed. LED bar lights are implemented for both under-cabinet accents as well as vanity lighting for the bathroom mirrors. Additional emphasis was placed on the lighting quality for the main living spaces, incorporating both automated switches and color-adjustable LED lights that are compatible with the selected home automation hub. Lighting Fixture Recessed LED Hanging Fixture LED Track LED Bulb Over Vanity LED Bulb

Brand Sylvania EcoSmart EcoSmart EcoSmart

Model 70420 5bSA1600STQ1D03 ES95R2050SWD3 ES95P3890BWD2

Cost ($) $28.30 for 1 $19.93 for 2 $14.97 for 3 $18.97 for 2

Count 23 3 6 2

Table 4.1 - Summary of lighting fixtures, bulbs and cost

Figure 4.8 - Light fixtures used in Reverb

June 21 (Summer)

December 21 (Winter)

June 21 (Summer)

December 21 (Winter)

Figure 4.6 - Revit Daylighting Analysis - 1st floor Figure 4.7 - Revit Daylighting Analysis - 2nd floor

04_

INTERIOR DESIGN, LIGHTING, APPLIANCES Appliance Selection Each unit in Reverb will be supplied with a selection of essential household appliances that are all EnergyStar rated. This includes a microwave oven, TV, diswashing unit, refrigerator, oven/range unit and a clothes washer/dryer combination. To complement our project design goals, the selection criteria for appliances was based on three primary attributes: energy efficiency, product lifetime, and operating noise levels. Since appliances take up a considerable amount in a homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy usage, all appliances under consideration for Reverb have been rigrously inspected to ensure that they offer the lowest energy consumption at the most reasonable price. Appliances were then compared on their product lifespan and warranties. The final and arguably the most important criteria is noise output. Since the overall concept of Reverb is noise mitigation and creating a quiet, serene indoor living environment, the quietest appliances were selected based on their average debicel (dB) output when running. For the appliances with higher operating noise levels, such as the dishwasher and microwave, more emphasis was placed on finding exceptionally quiet models. The models selected for these categories generally have outstanding ratings in that regard. A ventless combination washer/dryer was chosen primarily for its space-saving quality. While most of the selections listed here are in a higher price range, this initial cost should ultimately be offset by their higher energy efficiency and expected product lifespan. The final selections for the appliance package are listed in table XX below, including cost and estimated annual energy & water usage. Product Microwave Refrigerator Oven / Range Dishwasher Washer/ Dryer Combination Range Hood

Brand Kenmore Bosch Frigidare Bosch LG Broan

Model P11034APH-WJW 1.2 B10CB80NV FGIF3061NF SHX9PT55UC WM3997HWA E6030SS

Cost ($) $110 $2,250 $1,800 $1,900 $1,800 $900

Assumed Usage ~20 min/day continuous ~1 hr/day ~45 min/day ~1 hr/day ~1 hr/day

Table 4.2 - Table of Selected Appliances Room Bedroom (x4) Full Bathroom (x2)

Figure 4.9 - Projected kitchen power usage

Coverage (ft^2) ~140 ~63 ~5 39 367 338 65 250

Color Temp (K) 2700 - 3000 3000 - 5000 3000 - 5000 3000-5000 3500-4100 2700-3000 2700-3000 3500-4100

Family Room

Lighting Set Ambient Ambient Sink Sink Ambient Ambient Ambient Ambient Task Ambient

475

Stairwell

Ambient

~64

Half Bathroom Study Area Living Room MEP Kitchen

2700-3000

Required Intensity (lumen/ft^2) 10 - 20 15 - 25 60 70-80 60-100 10-20 40-50 30-40 70-80 10-20

Required Lumens ~2000 ~1250 ~300 ~2925 ~29360 ~5070 ~2925 ~6000 ~7500 ~7125

2700-3000

10-20

~960

Table 4.3 - Table of lighting levels and conditions to aid in selecting the most appropriate light fixtures

Figure 4.10 - Complete Appliance Lineup

Fixture Type Recessed LED Recessed LED Strip LED Over Mirror Lighting Recessed LED Recessed LED Recessed LED Recessed LED Hanging Fixture Recessed LED Track Light

Fixture count 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 4 3 4 1 1

Est. Wattage ~15 ~10 6-9 13-16 25-30 8-12 25-28

9-13 9-13 8-12

Est. Usage (hr/day) ~2 ~1.5 ~.75 ~1.5 ~4 ~0.1 ~5 ~4 ~

05_

ENERGY ANALYSIS Climate Data, Design Conditions + Energy Analysis Assumptions One of the first things that need to be determined prior to engaging in the energy analysis and calculating loads are the design temperatures and climatic conditions for a given location. Team IlliNOISE used Revit for a majority of climate data. By inputting the project location (Champaign, IL), Revit will automatically use the location’s respective design temperatures and other climatic data when performing its calculations. Design conditions and other quantitative assumptions that Revit uses to perform its calculations are summarized in the table below. It is assumed that all closets, mechanical chases and miscellaneous spaces are unconditioned (no need to specify set points) and minimally contribute to internal loads, effectively removing them from the calculation. Bathrooms have increased ventilation requirements but since exhaust fans will only be running sporadically and not for an extended period of time, it is safe to assume that ventilation effects from bathroom fans are negligible. Next, internal heat loads were considered. It was assumed that the four occupants of the home will not contribute greatly towards heating and cooling loads in rooms other than their respective bedrooms. In other words, each occupant of the home was given an occupancy schedule that allowed them to emit heat only in their own bedroom, for 10 hours a day (9 PM to 6 AM). Essentially, the occupants were treated as a constant heat source in each bedroom of the home for 10 hours a day, which allowed us to greatly simplify calculations. On top of people loads, lighting and power loads were also considered. Each conditioned space was given a lighting and power schedule that dictates the time of day and intensity at which light and power are being drawn. For example, the kitchen (which contains many appliances that draw power) was given a power schedule that included a constant power draw from the refrigerator but a spike during the time of day when many of the other appliances will be in use.

Figure 5.1 - Various Climate Data for Champaign, IL

Parameter Latitude Mean Daily Range Infiltration Rate Average Sensible/Latent Heat Emission Per Person Outdoor Air Supply Rate Temperature Setpoints Relative Humidity Setpoints Outdoor Dry Bulb Temperature

Heating

Cooling 40.11° 20 °F >0.019 CFM/sq.ft 195 BTU/hr

0.06 CFM/sq.ft (All living spaces + MEP) 70 °F 74 °F 30% 60% 7 °F 87 °F

Table 5.1 Design Conditions and Calculated Loads

Sensible Load Latent Load TOTAL

Heating Load (Btu/hr) 26,754.30 9,201.90 35,956.20

Cooling Load (Btu/hr) 24,315.90 9,281 33,596.90

Figure 5.2 - Average Wet+Dry Bulb Temperature Bins

Figure 5.3 - Average Humidity for Champaign, IL Figure 5.4 - Annual Wind Rose (Frequency)

Figure 5.5 - Annual Wind Rose (Speed)

05_

ENERGY ANALYSIS - SUMMARY To obtain the most accurate energy analysis as possible, Team IlliNOISE performed three separate energy analysis of Reverb using three different programs: BEopt and REM/Rate. These were conducted in order to better understand the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s projected energy consumption. The results of these simulations, when used in conjunction with WUFI Hygrothermal analysis, allows us to make an informed decision on the building envelope, and provides us with an understanding of which components and systems in the building are consuming the most energy. Furthermore, these energy analysis simulations were used to evaluate the proposed building geometry and the different insulation options available to determine the most cost effective and feasible solution, and also to determine compliance with energy codes and ordinances, such as the IECC 2015 and Illinois Energy Conservation Code. All three programs were used in conjunction with one another in order to check for consistency and accuracy of both models. The REMrate analysis was conducted two times: one with PV and the other without. The analysis without the PV installed relied solely on the super-insulated envelope, low energy consumption appliances and efficient mechanical systems. The analysis with PV takes into account the 10,000 KWh PV array in addition to the aforemented building systems and envelope. According to the RemRate results, Reverb attained a HERS rating of -1 with PV and 30 without PV. Team IlliNOISE designed Reverb with attention paid to lowering the overall energy consumption first as much as possible prior to running the RemRate analysis, such as implementing EnergyStar appliances and super-insulating the building envelope. Reverb is projected to consume 54% and 99% less energy than the standard LEED reference home without PV and with PV, respectively. Detailed results from the RemRate analysis are listed in Volume II. According to the REM/Rate results (see Table 5.11), Reverb attained a HERS rating of -1 with PV and 31 without PV. Team IlliNOISE designed Reverb with attention paid to lowering the overall energy consumption first as much as possible prior to running the REM/Rate analysis, such as implementing EnergyStar appliances and super-insulating the building envelope. A minimum benchmark for Reverb was to comply with IECC 2015 standards. According to the energy analysis results obtained from BEopt and REM/Rate analysis, Reverb not only meets IECC 2015, but also surpasses the requirements by 48.3%.

Figure 5.6 -Projected Projected Annual SiteConsumption Energy Consumption Annual Energy (MMBtu/yr) (MMBtu/yr)

Figure 5.7 - Projected Annual SourceConsumption Energy Consumption (MMBtu/yr) Comparison of Source Energy (MMBtu/yr)

35 30 17.53 25 18.8 20 4.89 1.1

15 5.5

2.1

12.92

5.8

0 RemRate Annual Site Consumption (MMBtu/yr) Heating

Cooling

Beopt Annual Site Consumption (MMBtu/yr)

Water Heating

Lights & Appliances

Energy Consumption (MMBtu/yr)

Annual Energy Consumption (MMBtu/yr)

140 120 100 80 60

40 20 0

Heating LEED Reference Home

Cooling

Water Heating

Reverb (RemRate)

Lights+Appliances

Reverb (BEOpt)

05_

ENERGY ANALYSIS - RESULTS According to the REM/Rate results, Reverb will consume approximately 5.8 MMBtu/yr for heating, 2.1 MMBtu/yr for cooling, 5.5 MMBtu/yr for water heating, and 18.8 MMBtu/yr for lighting and appliances in terms of site energy use. With these results, Reverb is projected to consume 54% and 99% less energy than the standard LEED reference home without PV and with PV, respectively. See figure 5.12 for detailed projected energy consumption. In terms of projected annual energy costs, Reverb is projected to cost a total of $813/year, which is 49.8% lower than the mandatory requirements for IECC 2015, set at $1281/year. See figure 5.13 for detailed annual energy cost estimates.

2.5

1.5

Net Use (E) (kWh)

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Figure 5.8: Total net use daily kWh from BEopt 1

Net Use (E) (kWh)

0.5

-0.5

-1

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Figure 5.9: Monthly Net Use Result from BEopt 9

In addition to the REM/Rate energy simulation, Team IlliNOISE performed an hourly whole house energy simulation using BEopt 2.7 to obtain a more precise and comprehensive prediction of energy consumption in Reverb. Figure XX [Monthly Net Use Energy] shows that with PV, Reverb produces more energy than it consumes for most of a given year, with the exception of winter months. In this case, excess energy is sold back to the grid with a grid-tied system, or stored in a battery, for an offgrid system. With BEopt, Reverb is projected to consume approximately 13.2 MMBtu/yr for heating, 1.0 MMBtu/yr for cooling, 4.9 MMBtu/yr for water heating, and 14.4 MMBtu/yr for lighting appliances, with regards to site energy use. These values are relatively similar to the corresponding values computed by REM/rate, with the exception of the value for heating, which is significantly larger in the BEopt analysis. BEopt’s ability to more closely simulate Reverb’s mechanical system components, such as the HRV, suggests that its computed values may be more accurate in comparison to the results computed by REM/ rate. Reverb’s total site energy use according to BEopt is 36.6 MMBtu/yr, with a net value of -3.9 MMBtu/yr after taking into account the PV’s annual energy production of 40.5 MMBtu. Compared to other homes comparable in size to Reverb (2,500 sq ft), Reverb is projected to consume 53% less site energy per year, without factoring in PV. There are clearly some discrepancies in the energy consumption results from REM/Rate and BEopt as described earlier, due to differences in algorithms and calculation methodology of both programs. Such discrepancies are inevitable when conducting thorough energy analysis simulations with many variable inputs. Understanding the role of the energy analysis programs, we can make better informed decisions on a variety of components within the building, such as the envelope, appliances, lighting, and mechanical systems.

Table 5.2 Comparison of Source Energy Consumption

Total (E) (kWh)

Heating Cooling Water Heating Lights+Appliances Total

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Figure 5.10: Hourly Energy Simulation Result from BEopt

LEED Reference Home 117.5 16.4 41.8 84.3 260 MMBtu/yr

Reverb (RemRate) 21.8 4.9 17.8 72.9 117.6 MMBtu/yr

Reverb (BEOpt) 40.73 2.91 15.43 55.29 127.7 MMBtu/yr

Figure 5.13

Dec

Annual Site Energy Consumption (MMBtu/yr) - RemRATE

Annual Site Consumption (MMBtu/yr) - BEopt

Annual Energy Cost Comparison (without PV) 1400

Heating 5.8 18%

Lights & Appliances 18.8 58%

Figure 5.11 - HERS Rating Summary (above)

Lights & Appliances 17.53 48%

Water Heating 5.5 17%

Figures 5.12 - Site Energy Comparison

Cooling 1.1 3%

Cost Per Year

Cooling 2.1 7%

1200

Heating 12.92 36%

1000 800 600

400 200 0

Water Heating 4.89 13%

Heating

Cooling

Water Heating

2015 IECC

Lights & Appliances

Service Charge

TOTAL

As Designed

05_

ENERGY ANALYSIS - PHOTOVOLTAICS Photovoltaics - Overview A PV system is designed to meet energy loads of the Reverb unit while generating optimal energy output and minimizing system losses. SunPower SPR-X22-360 monocrystalline silicon modules were selected in order to satisfy both energy production requirements and roof size restrictions. Each module includes a factory-integrated microinverter which provides multi-power-point tracking and improves system reliability and output. Microinverters also increase resiliency from shading and soiling losses.Numerous simulation runs using both System Advisor Model (SAM) and PVComplete inform the orientation, ground coverage ratio, and mounting angle of the solar modules and yields an optimal annual energy output of 12,570 kWh. This is enough energy to meet the annual energy demand of the unit while generating excess energy to sell back to the utility. Incorporating money gained from the sale of excess generation reduces the system payback period and increases the amount of renewable energy composing the U.S. energy matrix. Photovoltaic Modules The SunPower X22-360 AC solar module is a standout in the PV panel market. The module boasts a 22.2% efficiency rating which results in 8-10% more energy per rated watt per year compared to conventional panels. 96 monoscrystalline Maxeon Gen III solar cells are embedded in the module and built on a solid copper foundation providing protection against corrosion and cracking. Placement of metal contacts for transmission of electricity on the back of the panel increases the surface area of the cells thus offering industry-leading conversion efficiency. Production is further enhanced by a reduced degradation rate of 0.25%/yr and the inclusion of a factory-integrated AC microinverter which provides multipower-point tracking at the module level, eliminates the need for DC string inverter sizing, boosts resilience against soiling and partial shading, and improves system reliability and output. The panel has a nominal power rating of 360 Watts which translates to a nominal peak power per unit area of 20.6 W/ft2 satisfying both energy production requirements and roof size restrictions of the Reverb unit. This provides flexibility to integrate other rooftop technologies (i.e. Solatubes, HVAC equipment). The product has a 25-year warranty reducing cost and risks associated with ownership. The data sheet for this panel is provided in volume II. Monthly System Energy Output (AC) 1800

26 MODULES 12,570 kWh

1600 1400

kWh

1200 1000 800 600

400 200 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nov

Dec

Month

Monthly PV Energy Production (Champaign, IL) 1800

1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

200 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

PV array energy (DC)

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

System energy (AC)

Figure 5.14 - Monthly energy output for year 1 of the PV system in Reverb (top), and average energy production in Champaign, IL (bottom).

Figure 5.15 - Axonometric diagram of the rooftop PV array for Reverb

05_

ENERGY ANALYSIS - PHOTOVOLTAICS Battery Backup Power

14' - 9 25/32"

Climate change induces more extreme types of weather: hotter heat waves, heavier extreme rain events, higher frequency and intensity of winter storms. Each of these are among the leading causes of large-scale power outages in the United States and are likely to increase in number. A report by Climate Central indicates a tenfold increase in major power outages between the mid-1980s and 2012 with weather causing 80 percent of all outages[1]. The Reverb unit includes a backup battery system that is designed to provide basic lighting and use of essential appliances (i.e. refrigerator and Wi-Fi) thus providing enhanced resilience to power outages. Second-order benefits to battery backup include utilizing stored energy at night, and absorbing or feeding energy back into the grid to stabilize voltage and frequency. Also, with the proliferation of renewables onto the national electric grid, a distributed network of batteries can act as a single virtual power plant capable of storing renewable energy and decoupling generation and usage of energy derived from renewables. The Tesla Powerwall 2 was selected due to its competitive price and superior lithium-ion battery technology. The unit stores 13.5 kWh of AC energy and costs $5,500[2]. The advantages of lithium-ion battery technology include superior gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, extended life cycle, and superior usable capacity. The Powerall 2 is charged by the AC grid and has a fully-integrated Tesla AC inverter making it easy to connect. The battery is rated at 5 kW continuous/7 kW effectively allowing the battery to provide 5 kW of backup power for nearly 3 hours. Given that the lighting, refrigeration, and Wi-Fi loads will be much less than 5 kW hours this battery unit can provide power to these loads for a greater length of time. The data sheet for the Tesla Powerwall 2 can be found in volume II.

20' - 9 3/32" 12' - 8 11/32"

21' - 5 5/8"

SPR-7000m (277)

7 10' - 11 3/8"

16' - 1 1/4"

I-01

10' - 11 3/8"

CB-01

EQ EQ

I-01

2' - 7 9/32"

8' - 0 3/4"

16' - 11 1/16"

7' - 11"

25' - 3 7/32"

1' - 5 1/4"

CB-02

2 String(s) I-02

SPR-7000m (277)

3 String(s)

2' - 1"

CB-03

EQ EQ

3 String(s)

[1] Alyson Kenward, U. R. (2014, April 10). Weather-Related Blackouts Doubled Since 2003: Report. Princeton: Climate Central. Retrieved from Climate Central: http://www.climatecentral.org/ news/weather-related-blackouts-doubled-since-2003-report-17281 [2] Powerwall 2. (2016). Retrieved from TESLA: https://www.tesla.com/powerwall

Figure 5.16 - Roof plan with PV array

Figure 5.17 - PV array layout (one unit)

05_

ENERGY ANALYSIS PV System Financing With the introduction of new solar financing mechanisms such as solar real estate investments (REITs) and group purchasing programs, implementing solar power systems is more financially accessible than ever before. Although the industry has matured, often the availability and benefits of solar financing schemes is dependent on local and state level legislation and programs. The financing scheme outlined for Reverb considers a full ownership scenario. The benefits of the full ownership model include greater return on investment by enabling direct use of the federal 30% solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC), reduced time required for development, avoiding third-party financing costs, and retaining all environmental benefits[3]. While taking full advantage of these benefits, the owner of Reverb also assumes all risks such as property damage, changes in regulatory policy, rate decreases in electricity generation, theft and damage, etc...[4] Other financing schemes explored include solar leases, and solar PPAs which offset the upfront costs but often result in higher payments due to interest. Local cost of electricity ($/kWh): Forecasted Monthly Electricity Costs - All electric house ($): Proposed Annual Energy Usage of Attached Housing Unit (kWh): Average Proposed Annual Electric Bill ($): Gross Cost of System ($): 30% Federal Income Tax Credit ($): Present Value of Financial Returns from Sale of Electricity ($): Net Cost of System ($): Simple Payback Period (years):

$0.09400 $25.00 3,191.00 $300.00 $34,326.68 $10,298.00 $19,877.57 $4,151.10

This first-order estimate of PV financing estimates a simple payback period of 16.4 years based on projected annual energy consumption of 3,191 kWh, a local cost of electricity of $0.094/kWh (based on Illinois averages), a net-metering policy by which the utility purchases excess energy at the same price as the utility sells electricity, and discounted future cash flows from the sale of this electricity at a discount rate of 2.5% (inflation rate over the last 12 months). An annual financing schedule can be found in volume II.

13.8

Table 5.3 - Payback period and costs* Direct Capital Costs

*Over last decade, the average price of electricity has increased by 1.97% [5] *Assumes buying and selling excess energy at the same cost of electricity: this would normally be checked with local energy provider service agreements [6]

Material Costs

# of units

Modules 28 Inverters Racking Mounting BOS (balance of system) Warranty Risk Factor Batteries & System Installation costs Installation labor Installer margin and overhead

kWdc/unit

kWdc

$/Wdc

0.36

10.08

$0.77 $0.40 $0.09 $0.09 $0.30 $0.03 $0.10

[3] SunPower Corporation. (2015). Solar Financing Overview. Retrieved from SunPower Corporation web site: https:// us.sunpower.com/sites/sunpower/files/ sp-education-solar-financing-overview_0.pdf [4] Worren, J. (2012, February 8). Assessing the Risks in Solar Project Development. Retrieved from Renewable Indirect Capital Costs Energy World: http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2012/02/ $0.11 assessing-the-risks-in-solar-project-de- Permitting and environmental studies Sales Tax velopment.html [5] https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/ report/electricity.cfm [6] https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/ Table 5.4 - Direct Capital Costs and Indirect Capital Costs for the PV system

Sales tax rate % of Material Costs

10.00% 20.00%

$0.09

Cost $7,761.60 $4,032.00 $907.20 $907.20 $3,024.00 $302.40 $1,008.00 $5,500.00 $23,442.40 $2,344.24 $4,688.48

[source: https://www.tesla.com/powerwall] Total mateiral costs [source: http://energyinformative.org/labor-costs-solar-panels] [source: SOLARATY]

$30,475.12 $3.02

Total direct costs (materials + installation) Dealer cost to install per capacity ($/Wdc)

$1,108.80 $2,742.76 $3,851.56

Total indirect costs

$34,326.68 $3.41

Total installed cost Total installed cost per capacity ($/Wdc)

CONSTRUCTABILITY Constructability Overview: Team IlliNOISE designed Reverb with the intention of being easily constructed with readily available and common building materials and standard North American construction methods. Structural Insulated Panels have been used extensively throughout American homes in the recent decades and many contractors are familiar with how to install them. In addition, the overall shape and geometry is simple and contains no irregular or unusual shapes. Team IlliNOISE carefully designed the building details to have compatibility with other systems, should the need arise, such as using the most common lumber sizes, nails, and common wall assembly constructions. In addition, the majority of Reverb is constructed with American made building products, readily available and ones that many contractors are familiar with. In addition, SIP construction was selected over conventional stick and frame due to ease of fabrication and installation on site.

PRESSURE TREATED OSB PLYWOOD CANT STRIP PERMEABLE WRB, LAP OVER EDGE OF SIP WALL SIP SCREW, 1 1/2" LONGER THAN ROOF PANEL THICKNESS

FLASHING TO EXTEND MIN. 4" BELOW TOP OF PARAPET

2x4 FURRING STRIPS OR SLEEPERS FOR VENTILATION CHANNELS 16" O.C. PERMEABLE WEATHER BARRIER MEMBRANE, LAP OVER ROOF EDGE

JAMES HARDIE HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT, 1/4"

TPO ROOFING MEMBRANE 1/2" OSB PLYWOOD OVER VENTILATION CHANNELS

RING SHANK NAILS 6" O.C. STAGGERED TYP. BOTH SIDES

7/16" OSB PLYWOOD (PART OF SIP)

2X LUMBER PARAPET SILL PLATE

6 1/4" THERMOCORE SIP SUPER INSULATED ROOF

ROOF SLOPED TO DRAIN

RING SHANK NAILS 6" O.C. STAGGERED TYP. BOTH SIDES

AIR BARRIER MEMBRANE

2X TREATED LUMBER TOP PLATE

HIGH DENSITY CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION 14" DEEP WOOD TRUSSES AT 19.2" O.C.

EXPANDING FOAM SEALANT, 3/8" CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT, XPS-TO-WOOD TYP. 7/16" OSB PLYWOOD

CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION, WRAP TO TOP OF SIP WALL 2 LAYERS OF 5/8" GYPSUM BOARD CEILING WITH GREEN GLUE

3/4" FURRING STRIP

TYPICAL ROOF SECTION DETAIL SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"

Roof: The roof are constructed using Thermocore’s 6 ½” thick SIPs, with an additional layer of 4” high density closed cell spray foam insulation to increase the thermal resistance above Passive House Requirements. A 2-ply TPO roofing membrane is added which acts as the main moisture barrier. TPO roofing has several advantages compared to a conventional EPDM roofing. The white reflective layer absorbs less heat from the sun, as well as exceeding the EPA’s EnergyStar requirements. This yields a total R-value of 60. The roof area contains a ventilated gap to allow for water drainage. A permeable roofing membrane is added to prevent water penetration and allow moisture to escape if need be.

6" SIP TAPE, ATTACHED TO PREDOMINATELY WARM SIDE RESILIENT CHANNELS 3/4"

2 1/2" STEEL STUDS AT 24" O.C.

AIR BARRIER LAYER

PARAPET DETAIL

2 1/2" EcoTouch™ QuietZone® PINK™ FIBERGLAS® Acoustic Batt Insulation

SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"

UNIT A

UNIT B

BOTTOM PLATE 6 1/2" SIP WALL PANEL

6/17" OSB PLYWOOD (BOTH SIDES) 2 LAYERS OF 5/8" GYPSUM BOARD WITH WATER PERMEABLE PAINT 16D COMMON NAILS AT 16" O.C. WHEN USED AS BRACING

DRAIN AND VENTILATED 3/4" AIR GAP

TRIM

2 x 8" FLOOR JOIST 3" ECOTOUCH QUIETZONE PINK FIBERGLASS ACOUSTICAL BATT INSULATION

CONTINUOUS SEALANT EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYPE AS RECOMMENDED BY MANUFACTURER

3/4" FURRING STRIP, NAILED TO SIP PANEL

3/4" PLYWOOD FLOOR SHEATHING (GLUED AND NAILED) TO EXTEND OVER TOP OF SIP WALL

8D COMMON NAILS AT 6" O.C. BOTH SIDES

ANCHOR BOLT TO EXTEND MIN 1 1/2" BELOW

3/4" OSB PLYWOOD FLOOR SHEATHING

VAPOR BARRIER

VAPOR PERMEABLE ALL WEATHER RESISTIVE BARRIER

8" CMU

ACOUSTIBLOCK SOUNDPROOFING UNDERLAYMENT

STANDARD WIRE CHASE

HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING. SEE MATERIAL SPECS.

FLOOR FINISH - HARDWOOD OR CAPRET - SEE FINISH PLANS CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT HIGH DENSITY CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION

1'-6"

WOOD FLOOR TRUSS

2x LET-IN PLATE SIMPSON STRONG TIE METAL STRAP AS REQUIRED

METAL RESILIENT CHANNEL 24" O.C.

HVAC DUCTWORK - SEE MECH DWGS FOR PRECISE LOCATION.

SIMPSON STRONG TIE DIRECT BEARING METAL FLOOR JOIST HANGER

METAL CONNECTOR PLATE, TYP.

CONTINUOUS SEALANT PRESSURE TREATED CAP PLATE

METAL RESILIENT CHANNEL 24" O.C.

8D COMMON NAILS 4" O.C. ON SIMPSON STRONG TIE METAL JOIST HANGER

CONTINUOUS SEALANT ON EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYP. AS REQURED

5/8" GYPSUM WALL BOARD

2 LAYERS OF 5/8" SOUND ATTENUATING GYPSUM BOARD WITH GREEN GLUE

2 1/2"

2ND FLOOR CONNECTION DETAIL (HANGING FLOOR) SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

3/4" AIR GAP (WITH FURRING STRIPS)

HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING. SEE MATERIAL SPECS.

8 1/4" SIP WITH FILLED-IN XPS INSULATION

3/4" FURRING STRIP FOR VENTILATION AND DRAINAGE

7/8" OSB PLYWOOD SHEATHING (BUILT IN SIP)

UNIT A

VAPOR PERMEABLE ALL WEATHER RESISTIVE BARRIER

3" ECOTOUCH QUIETZONE PINK FIBERGLASS ACOUSTICAL BATT INSULATION

CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT

8D COMMON NAILS

FIELD INSTALLED PRESSURE- TREATED BOTTOM PLATE

16D NAILS INTO FLOOR TRUSS PLATE AT 16" O.C. WHEN USED AS BRACING (3) 16D NAILS AT 16" O.C.

8" CMU

5/8" SOUND ATTENUATING GYPSUM WALL BOARD

CLOSED CELL HIGH DENSITY SPRAY FOAM INSULATION (GRADE I) SUBFLOOR OR COMBINED SUBFOOR AND UNDERLAYMENT, TYP.

8D COMMON NAILS AT 6" O.C. EACH SIDE CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT AT EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYP. AS RECOMMENDED BY MANUFACTURER

UNIT B

2 1/2" METAL STUDS AT 24" O.C.

2 LAYERS 5/8" SOUND ATTENUATING GYPSUM BOARD WITH GREEN GLUE

DRAINED AND VENTILATED 3/4" AIR GAP

INTERIOR FLOOR TRIM

1'-6"

WOOD FLOOR TRUSS

BLOCK SUPPORTING TRIMMER

WOOD FLOOR TRUSS

ATELY

INSECT STOP AND SCREEN CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL - 12" THICK

TREATED SILL PLATE

3'-0"

MINIMUM 6" GAP FROM SIDING STOP TO GRADE POLYPROPYLENE MESH STRIP

CAPILLARY BREAK. MIN 6 MM POLY OR MIN 3/4" PRESSURE-TREATED PLYWOOD UNDER SILL PLATE AND BOTH FACES

WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE - WRAP BELOW FOOTING

ANCHOR BOLTS AS REQUIRED BY CODE

SIMPSON STRONG TIE DIRECT BEARING METAL FLOOR TRUSS HANGER 2x12 LEDGER

UNIT A

UNIT B

20 MIL POLYETHYLENE VAPOR RETARDER

1'-0"

5 1/4"

1'-8"

6 MIL POLYETHYLENE UNDER CONCRETE SLAB

CONCRETE FOOTING

4" CONCRETE SLAB CRAWLSPACE DRAIN

LIQUID APPLIED CAPILLARY BREAK APPLIED TO TOP OF FOOTING, BEFORE PLACING/POURING FOUNDATION WALL

2'-0"

REBAR - INSTALL ADHERING TO LOCAL CODES

2'-0"

6 MIL POLYETHYLENE UNDER CONCRETE SLAB 20 MIL VAPOR RETARDER CONTINUOUSLY SLOPING TOWARDS DRAIN. SEAMS LAPPED 6IN AND SEALED WITH DUCT MASTIC 4" RIGID INSULATION, BELOW CONCRETE SLAB 4" GRAVEL (GAS PERMEABLE) 2" RIGID INSULATION

WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE - WRAP UP CMU FOOTING

LIQUID APPLIED CAPILLARY BREAK APPLIED TO TOP OF FOOTING, BEFORE PLACING/POURING FOUNDATION WALL

L-SHAPED ANGLE 3" x 3" x .25"

4" CONCRETE SLAB

BOND BREAK

GROUND SLOPES AWAY FROM WALL AT 5% GRADING (6 IN PER 10 FT)

Walls: The above grade walls are made of 8 ½” SIPs with an added ¾” air gap for ventilation and moisture drainage. This yields a total R-value of 60. A vapor permeable all weather resistive barrier (AWB) is applied underneath on the exterior side. On the inside, all seams and gaps are fully sealed to ensure an airtight envelope, in addition to a continuous air barrier. This ensures a superior air-tight envelope and excellent air quality within. The party wall is constructed of CMU as well as metal studs on both sides filled with Owens Corning Acoustical Batt Insulation for sound attenuation purposes.

CMU CAVITY FILL

END TRIMMER USE NAILS PER MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SIZE AND SPACING

Floor: The 1st, 2nd and roof slabs are constructed using wood trusses instead of conventional 2x10 lumber floor joists. Using wood trusses allows for the implementation of mechanical ductwork and plumbing and maximizes both structural efficiency and building systems efficiency. Open web wood trusses reduce the need for intermediate bearing walls and columns. For Reverb specifically, open web wood joists allow for extra depth that can be used for recessed lighting fixtures, mechanical openings, and eliminates the need for drop-down ceilings or soffits. From an acoustical standpoint, wood joists never create unwanted squeaking noise and can be outfitting with more sound attenuating batt insulation, yielding higher STC ratings. 9' TYP. CEILING HEIGHT

7 3/4" 2 1/2"

1'-6"

SHEET METAL PARAPET FLASHING CAP, SLOPED TO ROOF

1'-6"

06_

FOUNDATION DETAIL AT CMU PARTY WALL SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

Slab: The slab is constructed with a 4” concrete slab that is protected by a 20 mil vapor retarder above and a 6 mil polyethylene layer below, as well as 4” of gravel which act as a gas permeable layer for radon control and proper water drainage. Rigid insulation is applied to both sides, one for the interior and the other to protect against frost damage. This yields a total R-value of 30.

FOUNDATION DETAIL AT RETAINING WALL

FIGURE 6.1 - Construction details and 3D diagrams of envelope and floor construction SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

06_

CONSTRUCTABILITY 2 A303

1 A302

A301

A303

2 A302

UPPER ROOF 32' - 0"

UPPER ROOF 32' - 0" ---

---

ROOF DECK PARAPET 25' - 0"

ROOF DECK 22' - 0"

---

SECOND FLOOR 12' - 0"

FIRST FLOOR 2' - 0"

GROUND LEVEL 0' - 0"

B/ FOUNDATION -2' - 6"

B/ FOUNDATION -2' - 6" 1 ---

GROUND LEVEL 0' - 0"

B/ FOUNDATION -2' - 6"

Section 3 - FIN 1/4" = 1'-0"

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN UPPER

UPPER ROOF 32' - 0"

32' - 0"

ROOF

ATTACHED HOUSING 2

A303

A302

FIRST FLOOR 2' - 0"

GROUND LEVEL 0' - 0"

Section 1 1/4" = 1'-0"

UPPER ROOF 32' - 0"

SECOND FLOOR 12' - 0"

A301

A303

UPPER ROOF 32' - 0"

REVERB

ROOF DECK PARAPET 25' - 0"

ROOF DECK 22' - 0"

SECOND FLOOR 12' - 0"

63 E. DANIEL ST. CHAMPAIGN, IL DECK ROOF PARAPET 25' - 0" 2017 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ROOF DECK RACE TO ZERO DESIGN 22' - 0" COMPETITION DATE

ISSUED FOR:

1/21/2017

INITIAL CONSTRUCTION SET

3/28/2017

FINAL CONSTRUCTION SET

4/042017

FINAL SUBMITTALS

SECOND FLOOR 12' - 0"

FIRST FLOOR 2' - 0"

FIRST FLOOR 2' - 0" GROUND LEVEL 0' - 0"

B/ FOUNDATION -2' - 6"

SECOND FLOOR 12' - 0"

ILLINOIS SOLAR DECATHLON FIRST FLOOR TEAM ILLINOISE 2' - 0" RACE TO ZERO 2017

B/ FOUNDATION -2' - 6"

Section 2 - FIN 1/4" = 1'-0"

Scale

DN. BY: Team ILLINOISE

CK. BY:

B/ FOUNDATION -2' - 6"

SECTIONS 2

1/4" = 1'-0"

Project Number

ROOF DECK PARAPET 25' - 0" ROOF DECK 22' - 0"

SECOND FLOOR 12' - 0"

FIRST FLOOR 2' - 0" GROUND LEVEL 0' - 0" B/ FOUNDATION -2' - 6"

Section 4 1/4" = 1'-0"

A301

SIP and Truss system Reverb is constructed using a Structural Insulated Panel system combined with a wood floor truss and ceiling system. Due to the anticipated dead loads such as the rooftop PV panels as well as the live loads from the people on the roof deck, Team IlliNOISE opted for a truss system instead of conventional dimensioned floor joists. Trusses allow for MEP to be easily integrated into the floor or ceiling and can span longer distances. In addition, trusses are stronger than dimensoned lumber joists and bolsters Reverb’s overall strength and durability in terms of natural disaster resiliency. These floor trusses allow Reverb’s roof to contian additional high density closed cell spray foam insulation as well as adding an additional layer of structure to an already strong SIP roof.

07_

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Construction Cost Breakdown PV System $26,553.00

Sitework $7,438.00

Foundation $20,692.00

Landscaping $12,345.00

TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST:

Interior Finishes $41,517.00

$233,802

Plumbing, HVAC, Electrical Systems $19,015.00

Windows and Doors $25,550.00

Framing $63,063.00

The Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) take up the major chunk of the construction costs, however, since it is a matter of sustainability, SIPs play a crucial role towards reaching the target of net-zero energy. Interior finishes also bear heavy cost but it includes lots of sustainable creditworthy items such as Owen Corning QuietZone sound att. Batt., Sound attenuated Gypsum Board, Zero VOC Paints and Primer, Water usage sensor, Energy Usage Sensor, Sound Dampening carpet and Reclaimed Wood Paneling. Thus, despite the cost it provides sustainable value to the project thereby helping it progress towards becoming a more sustainable building.

Exterior Finishes $15,980.00

FIGURE 7.1 - Construction cost breakdown

[1] http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/1235 [2] http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/architects-and-engineers/build-a-house/

Table 7.1 - Sales Price Summary + Cost of Living Sales Price Summary and Cost of Living

Total Sales Price Monthly Household Debt (0.5% MFI) Operations and Maintenance Costs Monthly Utility Costs Property Tax Insurance Mortagage Total

Team IlliNOISE encountered many challenges when attempting to reach the 38% debt to income ratio and make the project feasible and sustainable. With every sustainable project, there are diverse ideas flowing, however the costs are the reality check for all sustainable projects. The Team IlliNOISE had to be aware of the total cost in all design decisions to ensure that the team did not exceed the budget. Initially, rough estimates from RS Means and from similar projects in the neighborhood were calculated. The debt to income ratio and the median household income were used to determine the maximum budget for the project. With that in mind, every new idea was weighed appropriately by considering its relative sustainable importance and the relative cost, this was an important strategy which helped the Team IlliNOISE to make cost-efficient decisions. Following this procedure from day one certainly led to lots of changes in design and other systems, however the debt to income ratio was the constant guiding principle throughout the planning. The construction unit costs were mainly obtained from RS Means, which were then adjusted by the location factor, and multiplied by the quantities. The quantities were taken from the quantity take-offs from Revit after thoughtful designing. For the financial analysis portion, the property tax was adjusted to the most recent value for Champaign County, IL. Similarly, the annual interest rates were adjusted as well.

The PV System bears an additional cost however, it has a reasonable payback period of 13.8 years after which it will keep providing revenue for the project (see page 26 in Energy Analysis). Hence, it was another important trade-off towards achieving net zero status and affordability. Another important consideration are the tax rebates and incentives on the PV solar system which includes a 30% Federal tax rebate of the total PV system costs including installation. A maximum state tax rebate up to $10,000, State PV tax credits yield a 30% tax credit of the total cost, and solar and thermal incentives up to 30% of project costs.[1] In order to meet the 38% criteria an ARM mortgage with a low interest and higher down payment was sought. The low finished lot cost and taking account for the tax rebates in profit helped tremendously in meeting the debt to income ratio. Since there is a payback period and it is a efficiently sustainable net zero project, the target household income was considered to be $65,000. Table 7.2 - Debt to Income Ratio

Baseline Design $377,004

Reverb $337,397

$261 $196 $160 $332 $79 $1,405 $2,433

$325 $196 $67 $323 $79 $1,012 $2,002

$52,250 56%

$65,000 37%

Construction Cost Summary Debt to Income Ratio

Monthly Household Debt (0.5% MFI) Operations and Maintenance Costs Monthly Utility Costs Property Tax Insurance Mortgage Payment Calculated Debt to Income Ratio

Estimated Target Family Income Debt to Income Ratio

Table 7.3 - Construction Cost Summary

Baseline Design $261 $196 $160 $332 $79 $1,405

Reverb $325 $196 $67 $323 $79 $1,012

56%

37%

Homeownership Affordability Target is 38%

Site Work Foundations Framing Exterior Finishes Major Systems Rough-ins Interior Finishes Final Steps Other Total Construction Costs

Baseline Design $15,876 $22,081 $44,384 $33,473 $31,101 $68,168 $15,337 $2,137

Reverb $7,438 $20,692 $63,063 $42,002 $19,015 $41,517 $12,345 $27,730

$232,557

$233,802

07_

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS In addition to the state and federal PV incentives, smaller eligable incentives such as skylights and solatubes yield 30% of their total cost. Our initial cost exceeds the 38% debt-income-ratio, but after including the amount gained from the incentives, our adjusted total construction cost decreased significantly to allow Reverb to have a debt-income-ratio of 36%. While the initial sales price of Reverb at $337,397 is more expensive than than the average 2,400 sq ft house with comparable features, the homeowner will pay significantly less in operating costs such as heating and cooling, and electricity - in the long run than their counterparts in a non-net-zero house. The costs could further reduce if the PV system payback costs are incorporated (see Table 7.5). Needless to say, such a sustainable project at an affordable price was indeed a challenge to work with. Despite certain constraints, Reverb delivers in performance with respect to its sustainability and is affordable to an average American household income. Table 7.4 Impact of incentives on principal Present Value Present value after year 1 Subtract incentives New present value Number of remaining mortgage payments New monthly payment if refinanced

$237,433.00 $233,274.00 $18,350.00 $214,924.00 $348.00 $937.00

New debt to income ratio if refinanced

Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

[1] http://programs.dsireusa. org/system/program/detail/1235 [2] http://www.homeadvisor. com/cost/architects-and-engineers/build-a-house/

Total

Expenditures $34,326.68 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$34,326.68

Annual Energy Produced (kWh)

36%

Table 7.5 - Complete PV financial analysis

Annual Annual Energy Sold Price of electricity for Gross Income Net Income Inflation Rate to Grid (kWh) year ($/kWh)* Stream ($) Stream

0 12779.3 12747.4 12715.5 12683.7 12652 12620.4 12588.8 12557.3 12525.9 12494.6 12463.4 12432.2 12401.2 12370.1 12339.2 12308.4 12277.6 12246.9 12216.3 12185.8 12155.3 12124.9 12094.6 12064.3 12034.2

0 9,587.80 9,555.90 9,524.00 9,492.20 9,460.50 9,428.90 9,397.30 9,365.80 9,334.40 9,303.10 9,271.90 9,240.70 9,209.70 9,178.60 9,147.70 9,116.90 9,086.10 9,055.40 9,024.80 8,994.30 8,963.80 8,933.40 8,903.10 8,872.80 8,842.70

310,079.30

230,292.10

$0.094 0.0958518 0.09774008 0.09966556 0.10162897 0.10363106 0.10567259 0.10775434 0.1098771 0.11204168 0.11424891 0.11649961 0.11879465 0.12113491 0.12352126 0.12595463 0.12843594 0.13096613 0.13354616 0.13617702 0.13885971 0.14159524 0.14438467 0.14722905 0.15012946

Present Value Factor

Net present value of income stream ($) $-

$901.25 $915.95 $930.88 $946.05 $961.46 $977.13 $993.04 $1,009.21 $1,025.64 $1,042.34 $1,059.31 $1,076.54 $1,094.06 $1,111.85 $1,129.94 $1,148.32 $1,166.98 $1,185.95 $1,205.23 $1,224.82 $1,244.71 $1,264.93 $1,285.47 $1,306.34 $1,327.55

$27,534.93

2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50%

0.98 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.8 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.6 0.58 0.57 0.55 0.54

$879.27 $871.82 $864.41 $857.07 $849.79 $842.57 $835.41 $828.30 $821.26 $814.27 $807.34 $800.47 $793.66 $786.89 $780.18 $773.54 $766.94 $760.39 $753.90 $747.47 $741.08 $734.75 $728.47 $722.24 $716.07 $19,877.57

08_

MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING HVAC Design Process When designing a high performance, net-zero energy home, reducing the loads from the heating and cooling should be a priority. A 2013 report conducted by the U.S. Energy Information Administration found that 48% of the energy consumption in residential homes come from space heating and cooling.[1] This is a prime reason why the heating and cooling system needs to be designed well. It is very important not to oversize the HVAC system, as oversized systems tend to reduce the overall efficiency, comfort, IAQ, and equipment durability. All these problems can be attributed to “short-cycling” of the system in both the heating and cooling cycles. Thus careful consideration was taken into accurate calculations of the heating, cooling and ventilation loads of the system. Heating and Cooling Load Calculations One of the most important aspects in high efficiency HVAC system design is the proper sizing of mechanical equipment. It is absolutely critical to ensure that the selected heating and cooling system is as efficient and as effective as possible in its given environment. Revit MEP was utilized to perform these calculations. One of the first things that need to be determined when calculating loads are the design temperatures for a given location. Revit pulls comprehensive climate data from an online database, based on geographic location. By inputting the project location (Champaign, IL), Revit will automatically use the location’s respective design temperatures and other climatic data when performing its calculations. Secondly, all conditioned spaces within the home were set to be within a temperature range of 70 °F and 74 °F, which were inputted as the heating and cooling set points for all spaces, respectively. Additionally, the relative humidity of all spaces was set to be between 30% and 60%, which were inputted as the humidification set points. Next, ASHRAE 62.2 recommends that all living spaces, such as bedrooms and living rooms, as well as the MEP room will have an outdoor supply air ventilation rate of 0.06 cubic feet per minute (CFM) per square foot to ensure optimal indoor air quality. Since it is near-impossible to determine an exact air infiltration rate before construction, it was assumed that the building envelope was of “tight” construction, meaning an air flow intake of no more than 0.019 CFM/sq ft. Equipment Selection Criteria The HVAC equipment in Reverb was selected on the following design principles: Noise Reduction, Efficiency, Zonal Coverage, Energy Efficiency, and Automation and Integration. In order to reduce noise pollution in the home choosing the right HVAC equipment is crucial. The HVAC system is often the primary source of indoor noise pollution. Thus careful selection of the equipment was key in the tradeoff between noise mitigation and energy efficiency. A decentralized heating and cooling system is preferred for a home the size of Reverb. A decentralized system allows for the creation of occupant-controlled heating and cooling zones. Providing zonal control to the occupant is a great energy saving strategy for a big home like Reverb, as occupants can indirectly reduce the heating and cooling demands of certain zones of the house that are not in use. Energy losses through ducts can amount to more than 30% of space conditioning energy consumption[6]. Reverb aims to minimize the use of ducts to transport heat by only using ducts for ventilation purposes. Team IlliNOISE hopes that REVERB could be a model home for future net zero “smart” homes in the US. The equipment chosen for the HVAC system were specifically chosen with home automation in mind. A HVAC system that is integrated with home automation allows for greater climate control and energy monitoring.

Samsung Smart Whisper Heating/Cooling Equipment Samsung CAC Slim Duct Samsung Smart Whisper Samsung FJM Heat Pump

[1]https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/ detail.cfm?id=10271

Quantity 2 2 1

Ventilation Equipment Lennox HRV5 1 Solatube 4

Samsung CAC Slim Duct Cooling Capacity(BTU/h) 9000 9000 36000 CFM 150 50-110

SEER 21 23

EER 13.95 15

Samsung FJM Heat Pump

Fantech FB 6 In-line Filter Box w/MERV 13 Filter 6" Duct

Heating Capacity(BTU/h) HSPF Sound(dB) 12000 10.5 26-33 12000 10.5 20-40 40000 54-70 Sensible Effectiveness 90%

Table 8.1 - HVAC performance summary

08_

MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING Heating and Cooling Team IlliNOISE have chosen to utilize a combination of ductless mini split heat pumps and ducted mini-split heat pumps to implement in Reverb. This system configuration is meant to fulfill the criteria of providing the most occupant controllability and mitigating noise, while remaining energy efficient. Reverb will utilize Samsung HVAC’s line of Smart Whisper indoor wall-mounted mini splits as well as ceiling air-conditioner (CAC) ducted mini splits. Reverb will contain two different types of indoor units for the house because of layout differences between the first floor and the second floor. Two Smart Whisper units, rated for 9,000 Btu/hr, will be installed on the first floor. The Smart Whisper was chosen for its high SEER rating of 24 and its whisper quiet operating levels-- 20 dB at low settings and 40 dB at its highest setting. Two additional 9,000 BTU/hr CAC ducted mini split units will be used for the second floor of the house, each one serving its own wing of two bedrooms. Using a ducted mini split allows for greater flexibility when trying to service multiple rooms with one unit. Each ducted unit will be located in a recessed ceiling right outside of the north and south bedrooms on the second floor and the conditioned air will be ducted directly into the bedrooms. The ducted units are very quiet in comparison to conventional ductless systems as most of the operation occurs within the ducting embedded into the ceiling. It also remains energy efficient, despite some losses due to ducting. This is exemplified well in the SEER rating of 21. UP

10"x6" WALL REGISTER

Site Energy Heaing (E) (kWh)

9,000 kBTU DUCTLESS MINI-SPLIT

Site Energy Cooling (E) (kWh)

6"∅ DUCTS

9,000 BTU DUCTED MINI-SPLIT UP

CEILING GRILLE MINI-SPLIT

3/8"∅ COPPER REFRIGERANT GAS PIPES 1/4"∅ COPPER REFRIGERANT LIQUID PIPES

1/4"∅ COPPER REFRIGERANT LIQUID PIPES 3/8"∅ COPPER REFRIGERANT GAS PIPES

3/8"∅ COPPER REFRIGERANT GAS PIPES

1"∅ PVC CONDENSATE PIPES

[1]

W D

1/4"∅ COPPER REFRIGERANT LIQUID PIPES

REF.

Figure 8.1 - Hourly heating and cooling energy consumption profile

1"∅ PVC CONDENSATE PIPES

[1]

1/4"∅ COPPER REFRIGERANT LIQUID PIPES 3/8"∅ COPPER REFRIGERANT GAS PIPES

[2]

1"∅ PVC CONDENSATE PIPES

9,000 kBTU DUCTLESS MINI-SPLIT

Heating Delivered - main (Btu)

[2] CEILING GRILLE MINI-SPLIT

Cooling Delivered - sensible (Btu)

9,000 BTU DUCTED MINI-SPLIT 6"∅ DUCTS

Cooling Delivered - latent (Btu)

10"x6" WALL REGISTER

Figure 8.2 - Hourly heating and cooling delivered

SLOPE: 1/12 MAX

Figure 8.3 - Mechanical and HVAC layout for the 1st and 2nd floors DN SLOPE: 1/12 MAX

08_

N UNDER FLOOR SEE [1] AL U-1 DOES NOT REQUIRE [2]

MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING

- HW & CW LINES RUN UNDER FLOOR SEE P-602 - WATERLESS URINAL U-1 DOES NOT REQUIRE SUPPLY

Plumbing Layout - Overall Goals Water heating accounts for about 18% of a home’s energy use.[1] It is important to reduce hot water use, select an energy efficient water heater and implement energy-saving design solutions. Our primary goal is to minimize water wasted while waiting for hot water, decrease residual water loss in pipes and minimize the energy required to satisfy the hot water circulation including plumbing and reheating process. To achieve this goal, we designed the distribution system with the shortest pipe run length possible and selected the appropriate pipe diameter and material. Additionally, in order to optimize factors like cost, maintenance, installation and accessibility our system is designed to meet the WaterSense specifications and LEED requirements. When developing the layout of the home, all fixtures that require hot water were located entirely on one side of the home in close proximity to the water heater. This allows for the shortest possible travel distance and minimized the energy required to distribute the hot water. The domestic hot water system is comprised of cross-linked polyethylene piping (PEX), an alternative to traditional copper or PVC piping. A whole home PEX manifold system was designed to run separate lines to its fixtures. This flexible tubing, safe for potable water, can make gentle bends around obstructions. Where required, elbows and other joints can be quickly installed with clamps, eliminating the need for soldering or gluing required with copper or PVC pipe. PEX is also less expensive than copper and won’t corrode over time. DN

1/2" HW & CW TO KS-1

1/2" HW & CW TO S-1

REF.

1/2" HW FROM KS-1

1/2" HW & CW TO S-1

1/2" HW & CW TO W/D

1/2" HW & CW [1] TO W/D

1/2" CW TO REF. 24 PORT PEX MANIFOLD

1/2" CW TO REF.

1/2" HW & CW TO KS-1

[1] 1/2" HW FROM KS-1

1/2" CW TO WC-1

24 PORT PEX MANIFOLD

1/2" HW UP TO 2ND FL.

1/2" CW TO WC-1

1/2" CW UP TO 2ND FL. 1/2" HW UP TO 2ND FL.

1/2" HW & CW TO S-1

1/2" HW & CW TO SH-1

1/2" CW TO WC-1

1/2" CW UP TO 2ND FL.

1/2" HW & CW TO SH-1

1/2" HW1/2" & CW CW TO TO S-1 WC-1

[2]

1/2" HW & CW TO SH-1 1/2" CW TO WC-1

1/2" CW TO WC-1

1/2" HW & CW TO S-1

1/2" HW & CW TO SH-1

1/2" HW & CW TO S-1

[2]

Figure 8.4 - First Floor Plumbing Plan (Supply)

Figure 8.5 - Second Floor Plumbing Plan (Supply)

SLOPE: 1/12 MAX SLOPE: 1/12 MAX

[1] https://energy.gov/energysaver/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings DN

SLOPE: 1/12 MAX SLOPE: 1/12 MAX

UP UP

FIRST FLOOR PLUMBING SUPPLY

SECOND FLOOR PLUMBING SUPPLY

08_

MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING Domestic Hot Water By choosing a tankless water heater rather than a conventional water heater, one can avoid standby heat loss. Since these water heaters only need enough power to heat the amount of water necessary, they are very efficient in a small to moderate usage household. In addition, tankless water heater usually have a longer product life time than conventional water heaters.

A Kohler Waterless Urinal will be installed in the first floor 1/2 bathroom, which is projected to save homeowners $250/year on water utility bills

Water Reuse and Storage Water reuse is an essential part of sustainable building design, the rainwater incident on the site and the inorganic graywater produced from laundry, bathroom sinks, and showers can be used for many non-potable applications. After proper filtration both rainwater and graywater are excellent for irrigation of the social gardens on the north side of the building. A first flush diverter removes toxic solids from the rainwater that could harm plants, and the Aqua2use filtration and pumping system takes out oils and other small particulates from the graywater that may find their way into the system. The storage sizing is such that there should not be graywater stored for more than 24 hours to avoid it going septic. Before leaving the building the graywater from the showers is routed through an in-line heat exchanger called Eco-drain. This device extracts the meaningful thermal energy that the occupants pay for and uses it to lower the energy demand of the hot water heater. Eco-drain quotes an annual savings of $250 per device, this varies with cost of electricity, efficiency of the water heater, and the occupantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lifestyle. Additionally, condensate produced from the mini-splits during the cooling season will be collected to fully utilize all non-black water waste. Illinois laws prohibits the use of rainwater, graywater, and condensate for anything besides non-edible vegetation. In other states both forms of reclaimed water may be used, after careful filtration, for water closets, laundry, and even irrigation for an edible garden.

Table 8.2 - Estimated Water Usage Fixture Type Showers Lavatories and kitchen faucets Toilets Clothes washers Dishwashers Totals

DesignWater Use (gal/month) 1380 1020 975 2145 90 5610

BaselineWater Use (gal/month) 2310 1650 1215 2265 105 7545

Savings (gal/month) 930 630 240 120 15 1935

Rainwater Collection

Highest gal/month Roof 968 4.13 1494.392592

Lowest gal/month Roof 968 1.93 698.348112

Average gal/month Roof 968 3.253333333 1177.180928

Roof Area (sf) Precipitation (in) Harvest Water (gal) Fixture Shower Lavatory or kitchen faucet Toilet Clothes washer Dishwasher

Estimated Fixture Usage 6.15 minutes 5 minutes 5.05 flushes 0.37 at 3.5 cu ft 0.1 cycles

Baseline Flush or Flow Rate 2.5 gpm 2.2 gpm 1.6 gpm 9.5 gpm 6.5 gpm

Estimated Water Usage (gallons per person) 15.4 11 8.1 15.1 0.7

09_

ENVELOPE PERFORMANCE + DURABILITY Envelope Construction + Durability The entire building envelope will be constructed using Structural Insulated Panels (SIPS) manufactured by Thermocore in Mooresville, Indiana, less than 140 miles from our project site. Our building envelope for the above grade walls will consist of 8 1/2” inch thick XPS insulation core panels with 7/16” inch OSB plywood sheathing on both sides. The above grade walls will yield a total R-value of 50. The exterior of the envelope will contain a fiber cement siding manufactured by James Hardie. With Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) construction, the number one threat is SIP rotting due to moisture infiltration. First and foremost was the mitigation of this by adding vertical furring strips to create a vented drainage plane that allows for any moisture to evaporate and dry before seeping into the SIP OSB. Weep holes and venting strategies are added to allow air to flow throughout these cavities, keeping the entire assembly dry. Failures with SIP walls and roofs particularly in cold climates such as Illinois (5A) can be traced to improper installment of air barriers rather than vapor diffusers. If SIP seams are poorly sealed, moisture-laden air can enter through the seams, leading to condensation and subsequent rotting of the exterior OSB. The entire building envelope in Reverb follow a simple but an important design strategy: implementing a vapor closed strategy on the predominately warm side (inside), and implementing a vapor-open strategy on the exterior to prevent moisture penetration and allow this moisture, either from infiltration or condensation, to escape if already inside the envelope. Above Grade Walls Air Tightness: Fortunately for Reverb, the 8 ½” SIP walls contains 2 layers of OSB and a sandwiched layer of XPS rigid foam insulation which are air impermeable, so efforts are focused on preventing air leakage just at the joints and seams of the SIPs. To mitigate this, Team IlliNOISE designed the SIPs to have SIP tape covering all seams and joints, lapping a minimum of 6” at all termination points. All SIP joints will be installed on the warm sides of the joints; in Reverb, it will be installed on the inside since it is located in a predominantly cold climate. In addition, spray foam insulation will be added between the joints in addition to the SIP tape to ensure a tight air seal. The interior side of the SIP panel will adhere to a vapor-closed and redundant sealing strategy. This is effective only if all the seams are properly taped and sealed, which is a labor intensive process, but ensures that Reverb has superior air tightness. Moisture Mitigation: On an exterior wall, there are 4 main ways water can penetrate the envelope. They include air pressure differential, capillary action, kinetic energy and surface tension. The moisture mitigation strategy of Reverb’s building envelope is to prevent the moisture penetration at the source. The majority of the moisture mitigation will be handled by the James Hardie Hardie Plank fiber cement siding, while any penetrating moisture will be blocked by a vapor permeable weather resistive barrier covering the SIPs beneath. The vapor retarder layer will be installed on the predominately warm side of the assembly. Reverb’s exterior facade will contain a vented air space between the exterior HardiePlank siding and the OSB from the SIPs. Vertical ¾” furring strips are placed in this interstitial area to create an open cavity for air to circulate and for moisture to evaporate, in the case of water penetration. It also allows for the equalization of pressure between the inside and outside of the structure, which prevents water and moisture from being inadvertently sucked into the interior spaces. The vented airspace effectively prevents the OSB from being in contact with moisture, preventing more serious problems such as mold and mildew. Similarly with the roof, proper flashing ensures no water can enter the envelope. In addition, the lack of an airtight seal and the joints and seams between the panels and the foundation can allow air into the chase network which can lead to a risk of condensation. 1-1/2"

1/2" GYPSUM BOARD

Roof The roof is constructed with Thermocore’s 6 1/2” SIP panel installed on top of 14” deep flat wood trusses that provide sufficient structural support for the roofdeck and PV panels. The roof contains a 3/4” ventilated air space to provide durability and moisture resistance to the building. To further increase the R-value of the roof, high density closed cell spray foam insulation is applied to the underside of the SIP panel. This yields a total R-value of 60. Above the SIP, the roof is topped with a white reflective 5 TPO roofing membrane that acts as a primary water repellant as well as reflecting sunlight to keep the interior spaces cool during the summer months. The roof will contain sloped insulation to allow for proper water drainage to downspouts located on the periphery of the building. COMMON 8D NAILS AT 6" O.C. EACH SIDE

CONTINUOUS SEALANT EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYP. AS REQUIRED

CONTINUOUS SEALANT AS REQUIRED

WALL-TO-WALL PANEL CORNER CONNECTION SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

HARDIEPLANK FIBER CEMENT SIDING

[1] http://www.sips.org/about/frequently-asked-questions-faqs-regarding-structural-insulated-panels-sips [2] Rudd, Armin and Joseph Lstiburek. Vented and Sealed Attics in Hot Climates. Building Science Press, 1998

EXTERIOR: VAPOR OPEN STRATEGY VAPOR PERMEABLE BUT RESISTIVE AWB INTERIOR: VAPOR CLOSED STRATEGY VAPOR CLOSED SEALING AND TAPE SPRAY FOAM SIP SEAMS AND GAPS

VAPOR PERMEABLE WEATHER BARRIER

CONTINUOUS SEALANT ON EACH SIDE OF SIP

8 1/4" XPS INSULATION CORE 3/4" FURRING STRIP

SIP TAPE ON ALL JOINTS AND SEAMS

Bulk Water Rainscreen Vented Drainage Plane Main Thermal Insulation Air Control Layer SIP TAPE ON ALL JOINTS AND SEAMS RESILIENT CHANNEL AR 24" O.C. VAPOR PERMEABLE PAINT AND PRIMER 8D COMMON NAILS @ 6" O.C. EACH STRIP AND EACH SIDE

2 LAYERS OF SOUND ATTENUATING 5/8" GYPSUM BOARD WITH GREEN GLUE CONTINUOUS SEALANT BETWEEN 2 SIP PANELS 1/8" EXPANSION GAP

35 CHASE FOR EXPANDED FOAM SEALANT

PRESSURE TREATED OSB PLYWOOD CANT STRIP PERMEABLE WRB, LAP OVER EDGE OF SIP WALL

09_

ENVELOPE PERFORMANCE + DURABILITY

SHEET METAL PARAPET FLASHING CAP, SLOPED TO ROOF

SIP SCREW, 1 1/2" LONGER THAN ROOF PANEL THICKNESS

FLASHING TO EXTEND MIN. 4" BELOW TOP OF PARAPET

2x4 FURRING STRIPS OR SLEEPERS FOR VENTILATION CHANNELS 16" O.C.

PERMEABLE WEATHER BARRIER MEMBRANE, LAP OVER ROOF EDGE

JAMES HARDIE HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING

CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT, 1/4"

TPO ROOFING MEMBRANE

1/2" OSB PLYWOOD OVER VENTILATION CHANNELS

RING SHANK NAILS 6" O.C. STAGGERED TYP. BOTH SIDES

7/16" OSB PLYWOOD (PART OF SIP) 6 1/4" THERMOCORE SIP SUPER INSULATED ROOF

ROOF SLOPED TO DRAIN

RING SHANK NAILS 6" O.C. STAGGERED TYP. BOTH SIDES

According to the WUFI hydrothermal analysis, the projected relative humidity in the SIP assembly remains within the normal range (20%-80%) throughout the 5-year simulation period. The increase in water content is marginal and does not pose any threat to the assembly. The calculation results suggests low risk of moisture build-up in the ¾” ventilated air gap. None of the components in the envelope assembly reached 100% relative humidity throughout the simulation period, indicating that no condensation will occur. In addition, the simulations did not show any mold growth during the duration of the time period under investigation. This WUFI analysis also shows that even in the most humid conditions (RH > 80%), the assembly remained dry in all of the building components.

AIR BARRIER MEMBRANE

2X TREATED LUMBER TOP PLATE

HIGH DENSITY CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION 14" DEEP WOOD TRUSSES AT 19.2" O.C.

EXPANDING FOAM SEALANT, 3/8" CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT, XPS-TO-WOOD TYP. 7/16" OSB PLYWOOD

CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION, WRAP TO TOP OF SIP WALL 2 LAYERS OF 5/8" GYPSUM BOARD CEILING WITH GREEN GLUE

3/4" FURRING STRIP

TYPICAL ROOF SECTION DETAIL

SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"

6" SIP TAPE, ATTACHED TO PREDOMINATELY WARM SIDE RESILIENT CHANNELS 3/4"

2 1/2" STEEL STUDS AT 24" O.C.

AIR BARRIER LAYER

PARAPET DETAIL

2 1/2" EcoTouch™ QuietZone® PINK™ FIBERGLAS® Acoustic Batt Insulation

SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"

PRESSURE TREATED OSB PLYWOOD

UNIT A

UNIT B

CANT STRIP

BOTTOM PLATE 6 1/2" SIP WALL PANEL HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING. SEE MATERIAL SPECS.

6/17" OSB PLYWOOD (BOTH SIDES) 2 LAYERS OF 5/8" GYPSUM BOARD WITH WATER PERMEABLE PAINT 16D COMMON NAILS AT 16" O.C. WHEN USED AS BRACING

DRAIN AND VENTILATED 3/4" AIR GAP 3/4" FURRING STRIP, NAILED TO SIP PANEL

2x4 FURRINGTRIM STRIPS OR SLEEPERS FOR VENTILATION CHANNELS 16" O.C.

2 x 8" FLOOR JOIST

PERMEABLE WEATHER BARRIER MEMBRANE, LAP OVER ROOF EDGE

JAMES HARDIE HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING 3" ECOTOUCH QUIETZONE PINK CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT,FIBERGLASS 1/4" ACOUSTICAL BATT INSULATION RING SHANK NAILS 6" O.C. STAGGERED TYP. BOTH SIDES

CONTINUOUS SEALANT EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYPE AS RECOMMENDED BY MANUFACTURER 3/4" PLYWOOD FLOOR SHEATHING (GLUED AND NAILED) TO EXTEND OVER TOP OF SIP WALL

8D COMMON NAILS AT 6" O.C. BOTH SIDES

BOLTTHAN TO ROOF SIP SCREW, ANCHOR 1 1/2" LONGER EXTEND MIN 1 1/2" BELOW PANEL THICKNESS

FLASHING TO EXTEND MIN. 4" BELOW3/4" OSB PLYWOOD FLOOR SHEATHING TOP OF PARAPET

VAPOR BARRIER

VAPOR PERMEABLE ALL WEATHER RESISTIVE BARRIER

PERMEABLE WRB, LAP OVER EDGE OF 8" CMU SIP WALL

ACOUSTIBLOCK SOUNDPROOFING SHEET METAL PARAPET FLASHING UNDERLAYMENT CAP, SLOPED TO ROOF

STANDARD WIRE CHASE

FLOOR FINISH - HARDWOOD OR CAPRET - SEE FINISH PLANS

TPO ROOFING MEMBRANE 1/2" OSB PLYWOOD OVER VENTILATION CHANNELS 7/16" OSB PLYWOOD (PART OF SIP)

2X LUMBER PARAPET SILL PLATE

CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT

6 1/4" THERMOCORE SIP SUPER INSULATED ROOF

ROOF SLOPED TO DRAIN

HIGH DENSITY CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION

WOOD FLOOR TRUSS

1'-6"

WOOD FLOOR TRUSS

1'-6"

2X LUMBER PARAPET SILL PLATE

Figure 9.1 - WUFI Hygrothermal Analysis METAL RESILIENT CHANNEL 24" O.C.

HVAC DUCTWORK - SEE MECH DWGS FOR PRECISE LOCATION.

Bulk Water Rainscreen Vented Drainage Plane Main Thermal Insulation Air Control Layer

CONTINUOUS SEALANT PRESSURE TREATED CAP PLATE

8D COMMON NAILS 4" O.C. ON SIMPSON STRONG TIE METAL JOIST HANGER

CONTINUOUS SEALANT ON EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYP. AS REQURED

Bulk Water Rainscreen Vented Drainage Plane Main Thermal Insulation Air Control Layer

SIMPSON STRONG TIE DIRECT BEARING METAL FLOOR JOIST HANGER RING SHANK NAILS 6" O.C. 8DSIDES COMMON NAILS 4" O.C. ON SIMPSON STAGGERED TYP. BOTH STRONG TIE METAL JOIST HANGER 2X TREATED LUMBER TOP PLATE

METAL CONNECTOR PLATE, TYP.

METAL RESILIENT CHANNEL 24" O.C.

7 3/4"

3/4" FURRING STRIP

SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

HIGH DENSITY CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION 14" DEEP WOOD TRUSSES AT 19.2" O.C.

2 1/2"

7/16" OSB PLYWOOD

POLYURETHANE FOAM BETWEEN HEADER AND

2ND FLOOR CONNECTION DETAIL (HANGING FLOOR) SIP PANEL

CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION, WRAP TO TOP OF SIP WALL 2 LAYERS OF 5/8" GYPSUM BOARD CEILING WITH GREEN GLUE 6" SIP TAPE, ATTACHED TO PREDOMINATELY WARM SIDE RESILIENT CHANNELS 3/4"

4 CONTINUOUS SEALANT

AIR BARRIER LAYER

PARAPET DETAIL SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"

CLAPBOARD

3/4" AIR GAP (WITH FURRING POLYURETHANE FOAM STRIPS) BETWEEN SILL PLATE

SELF ADHERED FLASHING MEMBRANE

HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING. SEE LAP WINDOW SILL FLASHING OVER WEATHER RESISTIVE BARRIER MATERIAL SPECS.

AND SIP PANEL

8 1/4" SIP WITH FILLED-IN XPS

6 1/2" SIP WALL PANEL

3/4" FURRING STRIP FOR AIR GAP AND DRAINAGE PLANE VENTILATION3/4" AND DRAINAGE

HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING. SEE MATERIAL SPECS.

5/8" GYPSUM BOARD

7/8" OSB PLYWOOD SHEATHING (BUILT IN SIP)

CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT

8D COMMON NAILS

FIELD INSTALLED PRESSURE- TREATED BOTTOM PLATE

WINDOW OPENING DETAIL

8D COMMON NAILS AT 6" O.C. EACH SIDE

SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT AT EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYP. AS RECOMMENDED BY MANUFACTURER

CLOSED CELL HIGH DENSITY SPRAY FOAM INSULATION (GRADE I) SUBFLOOR OR COMBINED SUBFOOR AND UNDERLAYMENT, TYP.

TYPICAL ROOF SECTION DETAIL SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"

2 1/2" STEEL STUDS AT 24" O.C. 2 1/2" EcoTouch™ QuietZone® PINK™ FIBERGLAS® Acoustic Batt Insulation

PRESSURE TREATED OSB PLYWOOD

UNIT A

UNIT B

CANT STRIP

BOTTOM PLATE

SHEET METAL PARAPET FLASHING CAP, SLOPED TO ROOF

6/17" OSB PLYWOOD (BOTH SIDES)

UNIT VAPOR A BARRIER UNIT B

VAPOR PERMEABLE ALL WEATHER RESISTIVE 2 1/2" METAL STUDS AT 24" O.C. BARRIER 3" ECOTOUCH QUIETZONE PINK FIBERGLASS ACOUSTICAL BATT INSULATION DRAIN AND VENTILATED 3/4" AIR GAP 5/8" SOUND ATTENUATING GYPSUM 3/4" FURRING STRIP, WALL BOARD NAILED TO SIP PANEL INTERIOR FLOOR TRIM 8D COMMON NAILS AT 6" O.C. BOTH SIDES

2 LAYERS 5/8" SOUND ATTENUATING GYPSUM BOARD WITH GREEN GLUE

DRAINED AND VENTILATED 3/4" AIR GAP VAPOR PERMEABLE ALL WEATHER RESISTIVE BARRIER

16D NAILS INTO FLOOR TRUSS PLATE AT 16" O.C. WHEN USED AS BRACING (3) 16D NAILS AT 16" O.C.

STANDARD WIRE CHASE

INSULATION 7/16" OSB PLYWOOD

HARDIEPLANK SIDING

Bulk Water Rainscreen Vented Drainage Plane Main Thermal Insulation Air Control Layer

AIR BARRIER MEMBRANE

5/8" GYPSUM WALL BOARD

EXPANDING FOAM SEALANT, 3/8" CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT, XPS-TO-WOOD TYP.

2 LAYERS OF 5/8" SOUND ATTENUATING GYPSUM BOARD WITH GREEN GLUE

9' TYP. CEILING HEIGHT

2x LET-IN PLATE SIMPSON STRONG TIE METAL STRAP AS REQUIRED

FLASHING TO EXTEND MIN. 4" BELOW TOP OF PARAPET

2 LAYERS OF 5/8" GYPSUM BOARD WITH WATER PERMEABLE PAINT 16D COMMON NAILS AT 16" O.C. WHEN USED AS BRACING

PERMEABLE WRB, LAP OVER EDGE OF 8" CMU SIP WALL ANCHOR BOLT TO SIP SCREW, 1 1/2" LONGER THAN ROOF EXTEND MIN 1 1/2" BELOW PANEL THICKNESS

ACOUSTIBLOCK SOUNDPROOFING UNDERLAYMENT 3/4" OSB PLYWOOD FLOOR SHEATHING

TRIM 2x4 FURRING STRIPS OR SLEEPERS FOR VENTILATION CHANNELS 16" O.C.

2 x 8" FLOOR JOIST JAMES HARDIE HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING

CONTINUOUS SEALANT EACH SIDE OF FRAMING 8" CMUTYPE AS RECOMMENDED BY MANUFACTURER

CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT, 1/4"

3/4" PLYWOOD FLOOR SHEATHING (GLUED AND NAILED) TO CMU CAVITY FILL EXTEND OVER TOP OF SIP WALL

PERMEABLE WEATHER BARRIER MEMBRANE, LAP OVER ROOF EDGE

3" ECOTOUCH QUIETZONE PINK FIBERGLASS ACOUSTICAL BATT INSULATION

TPO ROOFING MEMBRANE 1/2" OSB PLYWOOD OVER VENTILATION CHANNELS

RING SHANK NAILS 6" O.C. STAGGERED TYP. BOTH SIDES

FLOOR FINISH - HARDWOOD OR CAPRET - SEE FINISH PLANS

7/16" OSB PLYWOOD (PART OF SIP)

2X LUMBER PARAPET SILL PLATE

CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT

6 1/4" THERMOCORE SIP SUPER INSULATED ROOF

ROOF SLOPED TO DRAIN

HIGH DENSITY CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION END TRIMMER

CONTINUOUS SEALANT EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYP. AS REQUIRED

TREATED SILL PLATE

CAPILLARY BREAK. MIN 6 MM POLY OR MIN 3/4" PRESSURE-TREATED COMMON 8D NAILS AT 6" O.C. EACH SIDE PLYWOOD UNDER SILL PLATE AND BOTH FACES CONTINUOUS SEALANT AS REQUIRED ANCHOR BOLTS AS REQUIRED BY CODE BOND BREAK

UNIT B

SIMPSON STRONG TIE DIRECT BEARING METAL FLOOR JOIST HANGER

METAL CONNECTOR PLATE, TYP.

LIQUID APPLIED CAPILLARY BREAK APPLIED TO TOP OF FOOTING, BEFORE PLACING/POURING FOUNDATION WALL 8D COMMON NAILS 4" O.C. ON SIMPSON

STRONG TIE METAL JOIST HANGER

6 REQURED MIL POLYETHYLENE UNDER CONCRETE SLAB

WALL-TO-WALL PANEL CORNER CONNECTION

METAL RESILIENT CHANNEL 24" O.C.

HVAC DUCTWORK - SEE MECH WATERPROOFING DWGS FOR PRECISE MEMBRANE - WRAP UP LOCATION. CMU FOOTING

METAL RESILIENT CHANNEL 24" O.C.

2 LAYERS OF 5/8" SOUND ATTENUATING GYPSUM BOARD WITH GREEN GLUE

RING SHANK NAILS 6" O.C. 8D COMMON NAILS 4" O.C. ON SIMPSON STAGGERED TYP. BOTH SIDES STRONG TIE METAL JOIST HANGER 2X TREATED LUMBER TOP PLATE 5/8" GYPSUM WALL BOARD EXPANDING FOAM SEALANT, 3/8" CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT, XPS-TO-WOOD TYP. 7/16" OSB PLYWOOD

SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

1 CONCRETE FOOTING

2ND FLOOR CONNECTION DETAIL (HANGING FLOOR) SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

SIP TAPE ON ALL JOINTS AND SEAMS

RESILIENT CHANNELS 3/4"

4" CONCRETE SLAB

CONTINUOUS SEALANT SELF ADHERED FLASHING MEMBRANE

CRAWLSPACE DRAIN

LIQUID APPLIED CAPILLARY BREAK APPLIED TO TOP OF FOOTING, BEFORE PLACING/POURING FOUNDATION WALL

2'-0"

REBAR - INSTALL ADHERING TO LOCAL CODES

HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING. SEE LAP WINDOW SILL FLASHING OVER MATERIAL SPECS. WEATHER RESISTIVE BARRIER

6 MIL POLYETHYLENE UNDER CONCRETE SLAB

HARDIEPLANK SIDING

20 MIL VAPOR RETARDER CONTINUOUSLY SLOPING TOWARDS DRAIN. SEAMS LAPPED 6IN AND SEALED WITH DUCT MASTIC 4" RIGID INSULATION, BELOW CONCRETE SLAB 4" GRAVEL (GAS PERMEABLE) SIP TAPE ON ALL JOINTS AND SEAMS

2" RIGID INSULATION

RESILIENT CHANNEL AR 24" O.C. VAPOR PERMEABLE PAINT AND PRIMER

8D COMMON NAILS @ 6" O.C. EACH STRIP AND EACH SIDE

2 LAYERS OF SOUND ATTENUATING 5/8" GYPSUM BOARD WITH GREEN GLUE CONTINUOUS SEALANT BETWEEN 2 SIP PANELS FOUNDATION DETAIL AT RETAINING WALL

SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

1/8" EXPANSION GAP

CLAPBOARD POLYURETHANE FOAM BETWEEN SILL PLATE AND SIP PANEL 7/16" OSB PLYWOOD

3/4" FURRING STRIP FOR VENTILATION AND DRAINAGE 3/4" AIR GAP AND DRAINAGE PLANE

5/8" GYPSUM BOARD

VAPOR PERMEABLE ALL WEATHER RESISTIVE BARRIER 8D COMMON NAILS

16D NAILS INTO FLOOR TRUSS PLATE AT 16" O.C. WHEN USED AS BRACING (3) 16D NAILS AT 16" O.C.

8D COMMON NAILS AT 6" O.C. EACH SIDE CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT AT EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYP. AS RECOMMENDED BY MANUFACTURER

WINDOW OPENING DETAIL SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

AIR BARRIER LAYER

PARAPET DETAIL SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"

3/4" AIR GAP (WITH FURRING STRIPS)

2'-0"

8 1/4" SIP WITH FILLED-IN XPS INSULATION 7/8" OSB PLYWOOD SHEATHING (BUILT IN SIP)

Figure 9.2 - Building Envelope Components

DRAINED AND VENTILATED 3/4" AIR GAP

2 1/2"

6" SIP TAPE, ATTACHED TO PREDOMINATELY WARM SIDE

CONTINUOUS SEALANT ON EACH SIDE OF SIP

8 1/4" XPS INSULATION CORE 3/4" FURRING STRIP

FOAM INSULATION 14" DEEP WOOD TRUSSES AT 19.2" O.C.

CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION, WRAP TO TOP OF SIP WALL 2 LAYERS OF 5/8" GYPSUM BOARD CEILING WITH GREEN GLUE

3/4" FURRING STRIP POLYURETHANE FOAM BETWEEN HEADER AND SIP PANEL

HARDIEPLANK FIBER CEMENT SIDING

VAPOR PERMEABLE WEATHER BARRIER

AIR BARRIER MEMBRANE

7HIGH 3/4" DENSITY CLOSED CELL SPRAY 2 1/2"

5 1/4"

1'-8"

UNIT A

PRESSURE TREATED CAP L-SHAPED ANGLE 3" x 3" x .25" PLATE 20 MIL POLYETHYLENE VAPOR RETARDER CONTINUOUS SEALANT ON EACH 4" CONCRETE SLAB SIDE OF FRAMING TYP. AS

CONTINUOUS SEALANT EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYP. AS REQUIRED

2 LAYERS 5/8" SOUND ATTENUATING GYPSUM BOARD WITH GREEN GLUE

FOUNDATION DETAIL AT CMU PARTY WALL CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT

SCALE = 1/2" = 1'-0"U.N.O

FIELD INSTALLED PRESSURE- TREATED BOTTOM PLATE CLOSED CELL HIGH DENSITY SPRAY FOAM INSULATION (GRADE I) SUBFLOOR OR COMBINED SUBFOOR AND UNDERLAYMENT, TYP.

6 1/2" SIP WALL PANEL

STANDARD WIRE CHASE

HARDIEPLANK LAP SIDING. SEE MATERIAL SPECS.

6/17" OSB PLYWOOD (BOTH SIDES)

UNIT A

2 1/2" METAL STUDS AT 24" O.C. VAPOR PERMEABLE ALL WEATHER RESISTIVE BARRIER3" ECOTOUCH QUIETZONE PINK FIBERGLASS ACOUSTICAL BATT INSULATION DRAIN AND VENTILATED 3/4" AIR GAP 5/8" SOUND ATTENUATING GYPSUM 3/4" FURRING STRIP, NAILED TO SIP PANEL

9' TYP. CEILING HEIGHT

2x LET-IN PLATE SIMPSON STRONG TIE DIRECT BEARING METAL FLOOR TRUSS HANGER SIMPSON STRONG TIE METAL STRAP AS REQUIRED 2x12 LEDGER CONTINUOUS SEALANT

3'-0"

1-1/2"

WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE - WRAP BELOW FOOTING

WALL BOARD INTERIOR FLOOR TRIM

8D COMMON NAILS AT 6" O.C. BOTH SIDES

VAPOR BARRIER

UNIT B

2 LAYERS OF 5/8" GYPSUM BOARD WITH WATER PERMEABLE PAINT 16D COMMON NAILS AT 16" O.C. WHEN USED AS BRACING 8" CMU CONTINUOUS SEALANT EACH SIDE OF FRAMING TYPE AS RECOMMENDED BY MANUFACTURER 3/4" PLYWOOD FLOOR SHEATHING (GLUED AND NAILED) TO CMU CAVITY FILL EXTEND OVER TOP OF SIP WALL FLOOR FINISH - HARDWOOD OR CAPRET - SEE FINISH PLANS

CONTINUOUS BEAD OF SEALANT HIGH DENSITY CLOSED CELL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION

USE NAILS PER MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SIZE AND SPACING 1-1/2" FURRING STRIP, NAILED AT

1-1/2"

SIPS SCREWS WITH MINIMUM PENETRATION WOOD1" FLOOR IN WOOD MEMBER IN SIP WALL PANEL TRUSS CONNECTED TO AT 24" O.C. MAX

WOOD FLOOR TRUSS

'-6"

END TRIMMER

CHASE FOR EXPANDED FOAM SEALANT

'-6"

1'-0"

WOOD FLOOR TRUSS

1/2" GYPSUM BOARD

INSECT STOP AND SCREEN CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL - 12" THICK

WOOD FLOOR TRUSS

6 1/2" XPS INSULATION AS PART OF SIP PANEL.

MINIMUM 6" GAP FROM SIDING STOP TO GRADE POLYPROPYLENE MESH STRIP

GROUND SLOPES AWAY FROM WALL AT 5% GRADING (6 IN PER 10 FT)

WOOD FLOOR TRUSS

1'-6"

SIPS SCREWS WITH MINIMUM 1" PENETRATION WOOD FLOOR IN WOOD MEMBER IN SIP WALL PANEL TRUSSTO AT 24" O.C. MAX CONNECTED

16" O.C.

BLOCK SUPPORTING TRIMMER

1'-6"

1-1/2"

1'-6"

USE NAILS PER MANUFACTURER'S 1-1/2" FURRING STRIP, NAILED AT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SIZE AND SPACING

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INDOOR AIR QUALITY + VENTILATION Natural VOC removal + Radon Control Green infrastructure can dramatically increase indoor air quality and naturally remove harmful pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, and living green walls have been shown to reduce levels by 40% and 60% respectively.[1] Countless toxins are leeching from our indoor environment, such as formaldehyde, VOCs, trichloroethylene, carbon monoxide and benzene to name just a few. The main greenwall contains plants that naturally remove toxins in the air, with plant species such as Peace lily, Boston fern, English ivy, Golden Pothos and Devil’s ivy. This green wall is located in the 2nd floor common space below the skylights, and continuosly provides natural VOC removal while doubling as a green accent feature in an otherwise flat wall. All interior finishes will contain absolutely zero volatile organic compounds (VOC’s). Benjamin Moore’s Natura paint and primer line was selected by Team IlliNOISE for their allergy-free, zero-voc and emission content. All selected building materials, interior finishes, and furnishings used in Reverb have been rigorously verified by the team to ensure that no VOCs are present in them. Environmental Product Declarations (EPD’s) of all interior finishes have been inspected to ensure that there is transparency in environmentally-friendly product disclosures. The crawlspace is constructed with radon mitigation techniques in mind. Below the 4” concrete slab sits 4” of gravel which acts as a gas permeable layer. Above that is a 6 mil polyethylene barrier which rests immediately below the concrete slab. A vent will be installed that allows any radon particles to exit through the roof. This is standard practice in almost every new construction home. Ventilation - HRV System A fully dedicated heat recovery ventilator will be used as the primary ventilation in the house. An HRV saves energy by transferring wasted heat from outgoing stale air to the incoming fresh air, meaning that less energy needs to be expended to bring the incoming air into the preferred temperature range. HRV’s are ideal for big homes in moderately humid climates, thus it would be the best option for a house of this size located in Illinois. we chose to go with an HRV system by Lennox Commercial. This system was chosen based on its high sensible heat recovery efficiency of 90%. The Lennox HRV5-150-GDX is rated to provide a maximum of 150 CFM, meeting the ASHRAE 62.2-2013 mandated whole house ventilation rate. The HRV will be installed in tandem with a Fantech inline filter box with a MERV rating of 13 to ensure that the amount of outdoor air pollutants brought inside is minimized. Intermittent exhaust fans will be used in the kitchen and bathrooms to remove odor and other indoor air pollutants from these areas. The very quiet KitchenAid KVWB400D 400 CFM range hood, which operates at a mere 39 dBA at low speed and 63 dBA at maximum speed, will be used for kitchen cooking range ventilation. The bathroom exhaust fan will be installed with the Solatube Daylighting system 160 DS which comes with a quiet in-line fan. The fan will be able to remove 110 CFM of air during operation. Ventilation System Sizing Based on the ASHRAE standard 62.1-2013[2] calculations for air quality and ventilation, this house needs 67 CFM and 58 CFM of outside air for the first and second floor respectively. This is equivalent to 0.35 ACH for the whole house. Consequently, the ventilation system for this house needs a minimum airflow of 125 CFM to meet the ventilation requirements for this house.. In addition to the central ventilation system, local exhaust fans are required for each bathroom and the kitchen. The ENERGY STAR Certified Homes rater checklist recommends that intermittent exhaust fans in the bathrooms should be rated for no less than 50 CFM with continuous air flow rated at 20 CFM[3]. The kitchen range hood should a have a minimum intermittent rate of 100 CFM and a minimum continuous rate of 25 CFM[4]. These requirements are in compliance with ASHRAE standard 62.2-2013 for ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality in low-rise residential buildings.[5]

[1] http://www.ambius.com/blog/ultimateguide-to-living-green-walls/ [2] ASHRAE standard 62.1-2013 [3] Bathroom Exhaust | Building America Solution Center [4] Kitchen Exhaust | Building America Solution Center [5] ASHRAE standard 62.2-2013

Figure 10.1 - Heating Recovery Ventilator System Diagram

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INDOOR AIR QUALITY + VENTILATION Indoor Air Quality The Reverb home is designed to be a very air tight building with 0.9 ACH at ACH50, with minimal natural ventilation through infiltration. Thus to ensure indoor air quality and provide adequate amount of fresh air, a fully dedicated whole house ventilation will be installed. Reverb will be equipped one Lennox HRV5-150 heat recovery ventilator(HRV) to provide a balanced whole house ventilations rate as required by ASHRAE 62.22013. The HRV can provide a ventilation rate up to 150 CFM to remove any indoor air pollutants such as carbon dioxide and VOCs. The HRV will be installed with a filter box with a MERV rating of 13. The filter will be able to capture airborne particles and allergens less than 1 micron in size from incoming outside air. Temperature Control Test the effectiveness of the heating and cooling system of Reverb using a BEopt analysis, a shown in Figure [Figure Number]. According to the Illinois Department of Public Health Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality[1], the acceptable indoor temperature range is between 68 - 75 oF in the winter and 73 - 79 oF in the summer. These guidelines are in compliance with the ASHRAE standard 55-2013. The BEopt simulation shows that the heating and cooling system of Reverb is more than capable of the maintaining indoor temperatures in the accepted range. Humidity Control The indoor relative humidity was also simulated using BEopt. The results from this analysis can be seen on Figure [figure number]. The Illinois Department of Public Health states that the acceptable relative humidity levels should range from 20% - 60% year-round, these ranges are also compliant with the ranges in ASHRAE Standard 55-2013. Based on the simulation it has been found that Reverb home will need additional humidification in the winter months between December and January. The winter humidity demand will be address by the built-in humidistat in the Lennox HRV5. This device will be able to sense when the relative humidity is below the set range and reduce the ventilation until the relative humidity is back in range.

100

Indoor Temperature (F) Indoor Relative Humidity (%)

Heating Setpoint

Cooling Setpoint

[1] Illinois Department of Public Health Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality. Retrieved from Illinois Department of Public Health: http://www.dph.illinois. gov/topics-services/environmental-health-protection/toxicology/indoor-air-quality-healthy-homes/ idph-guidelines-indoor-air-quality

Figure 10.2 - Hourly Indoor Temperature (F)

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Figure 10.3 - Hourly Indoor Relative Humidity

Oct

Nov

Dec

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INNOVATION Skylights+Natural Daylighting+Solatube and PV Integration The 2nd floor cantilevered area contains 4 skylights in order to provide an adequate amount of natural daylighting into the interior spaces. The skylight’s position and size is optimal for allowing daylight in both clear and overcast sky conditions. This eliminates the need to provide artificial fixture lighting during the day. In addition, the skylights themselves consist of triple pane glass with an argon fill, which prevent air leakage, increases thermal resistance and maintains a comfortable environment indoors. Reverb also contains solatubes, which are essentially “light shafts” that penetrate through the roof, captures sunlight from above, and channels natural daylighting through a tube to the interior rooms. Solatubes will provide natural daylighting to areas not reachable by natural daylighting, such as the bathrooms on both the 2nd floor and 1st floor. With the inclusion of both skylights and solatubes, every single room in Reverb will have access to natural daylighting during clear and overcast sky conditions. Team IlliNOISE also utilized Solatubes, which are essentially “light shafts” that penetrate through the roof, captures sunlight from above, and channels natural daylighting through a tube with a highly reflective interior, to the interior rooms. Solatubes will provide natural daylighting to areas not reachable by natural daylighting, such as the bathrooms on both the 2nd floor and 1st floor. A great deal of coordination went into designing the roof mounted PV units and the solatubes to ensure that the PV panels will not shade the solatube collector. By integrating both the architecture and PV subteam together, Team IlliNOISE was able to effectively incorporate both the PV and solatubes without hindering the performance of these two rooftop elements. With the inclusion of both skylights and solatubes, every single habitable room in Reverb will have access to natural daylighting during the day, from the bedrooms to the bathrooms. Natural Ventilation The building contains a ventilated skylight and open spaces on the 2nd floor that allow warmer air to freely flow upwards and exist through the roof. This method allows for the building to naturally cool itself during the warm summer months. In addition, operable skylights and operable windows allow for cross ventilation to occur, allowing the building to naturally cool itself and minimizing the cooling loads. Reflective Roof + Roof Deck The roof of Reverb features highly reflective white TPO coating that reflects sunlight and absorb less heat than traditional dark colored roofs. A reflective roof is defined as one that has properties of at least 75% reflectivity and 65% emissivity. The benefits of this reflective roof extend far beyond the reduction of cooling loads and energy bills for the homeowners. The reflective roof coating also allows for the reduction of the urban heat island effect and reduces roof degradation. The ultra reflective white TPO flat roof on Reverb allows the house to reflect a majority of the sun’s heat and keep the interior cool during the summer. This reduces the overall cooling load as well as increasing overall occupant comfort during the summer months. While it does absorb some heat, it absorbs far less compared to conventional roofs. In addition, the shaded roof deck area to the north blocks a majority of the sun’s heat from reaching the roof, further decreasing the cooling loads during the summer. While installing a solar system brings a lot of benefits to the house and the homeowner, many people are often concern by the negative consequences of mounting the solar system on top of their roof. Most residential solar systems are installed with a mechanically attached mounting system, which penetrates the roof and it could be a probable cause for future leakage problems. Using a mechanical attached PV mounting system results in a more lightweight option for a residential structure. Mechanical anchors are also used to resist slow movement or sliding due to wind, vibration, or expansion and contraction [1]. However, penetrating the roof to attach the racking system may void the roof warranty, in addition to extra flashing work needed to prevent leakage problems. Scalable Strategy + Applicability Reverb was purposely designed to be limited by a footprint of 75’ long x 25’ wide to allow it to be built in a standard city lot, which has a maximum width of 25’. This scalable strategy allows Reverb to be constructed in dense urban areas or in infill lots. In addition, many of the rooms are continously linked to one another, such as the kitchen and living room, to Team IlliNOISE hopes that REVERB could be a model home for future net zero “smart” homes in the US, regardless of whether the project is in a rural, suburban, or urban area.

[1] Binckley, Aaron (2014). The Real Estate Solar Investment Handbook.

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INNOVATION Indoor Green Wall - Natural VOC removal Reverb has an indoor living eco wall in the 2nd floor common space that enhances overall air quality by dramatically reducing the amount of VOCs and other harmful toxins in the air. Certain plants naturally remove these toxins passively. By incorporating a green wall into the property and selecting the specific types of plants, it works naturally by removing VOCs and toxins in the air and providing a healthy indoor living environment. Buried and Encapsulated Ducts (BED) + Insulated Mechanical Room Buried and Encapsulated Ducts refers to completely encapsulating or burying ductwork with closed cell polyurethane spray foam (ccSPF) insulation. Since the condensor unit for Reverbâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s minisplit HVAC system is located on the rooftop, there needs to be a duct penetration through the roof. Because of the air leakage that exists due to the ducts penetrating the roof, the mechanical room is completely insulated with R-15 batt insulation in addition to insulating the ductwork itself. There are three possible combinations of BED strategies: (1) buried ducts; (2) encapsulated ducts (with ccSPF); and (3) buried and encapsulated ducts. For new construction projects, ducts need to be both encapsulated and buried as this configuration will yield the maximum energy savings. [1] Graphite Polystyrene Insulation (GPS Insulation) from BASF Neopor Graphite Polystyrene Insulation is a new type of rigid Polystyrene Insulation developed by BASF Neopor that combines high-purity graphite into a polymer matrix that not only yields a higher R value per inch but also retains its R value over time with a 99% retention rate. It also has excellent vapor permeability, making GPS insulation a breathable insulation that is resistant to moisture absorption. It is gray in color and contains graphite, which is an excellent thermal resistor. Most polymer-based foams exhibit a greater ability to slow the movement of heat as the temperature decreases. Neopor GPS is in a unique class because it increases in R-value as the temperature outside drops Home Automation Several systems were chosen to be implemented in this design in order to improve its efficiency, security, and living quality. These include several basic automated home systems, such as climate control, smoke detection, remotely controlled lighting and electronic door locks. In addition to these, systems to monitor the water and energy use of the unit will also be implemented. All of these automated systems will be routed through a central software hub in order to ensure streamlined usage. This was why the Samsung SmartThings hub was selected for the automation system, as it can be easily modified to suit a resident(s) needs. SmartThings can receive a large array of signals which allow it work with home automation devices from a variety of manufacturers. This will allow users to customize the system to their needs and improve the system with innovative products that come out in the home automation market. Other aspects of Reverbâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s automation system include deadbolts, smoke and CO2 detector, and light switches. By automating the deadbolt, the residents can change the access code, lock or unlock their door, and give access to anyone at anytime from anywhere. This is perfect for people who frequently rent out their homes for short periods of time with services like Airbnb, or to only give a housekeeper access during certain hours. With a smoke and CO2 detector that is connected to a home automation system the user is alerted of any situation whether they are home or away. It also gives the user the option to turn the alarm off in case of a false alarm, such as burnt toast in the kitchen. When paired with SmartThings, automated light switches can be programed to turn on or off at specific times, with other events such as the smoke alarm going off, and still be used as a regular wall switch, with any light bulb. All of these features allows residents of Reverb to have complete and efficient energy management, therefore lowering energy consumption and lowering utility bills. Table 11.1 - Home Automation Summary

[1] https://energy.gov/sites/prod/ files/2013/11/f5/case_study_buried_encaps_ducts.pdf [2] http://neopor.basf.us/

Function Hub Deadbolt Smoke and CO2 Detector Light Switches, Energy Monitor Water Monitor

Brand Samsung Yale First Alert Leviton Neurio FLUID Labs

Model SmartThings Hub Living Electronic Push Button Deadbolt Fully Motorized w/ Zwave Technology Battery-Operated Carbon Monoxide Smoke Detector VRS15-1LZ Home Solar Monitor FLUID

Cost $99 $133 $45 $41.55/ea $289 $259

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INNOVATION Disaster Prepardness and Building Resiliency Buildings need to be designed stronger, tougher and more resilient than ever before. Located in the heart of the Midwestern U.S., Reverb is situated in a region prone to a variety of natural disasters, including flooding, heavy winds, tornadoes and earthquakes. Reverb is designed to mitigate the risk of damage from these natural disasters. The building envelope in Reverb was designed not only to protect against moisture and air infiltration, but also to protect against natural disasters and extreme weather. The windows in Reverb manufactured by Schuco are high performing windows made of durable materials and construction. The windows are able to withstand hurricane force winds and high impacts from objects. Combined with Simpson Strong Ties, Reverb is designed to be stronger and more resilient than any other conventional new construction home. The front pergola provides enhanced safety by acting as a physical barrier protecting the south-facing windows against flying debris during high winds and tornadoes. In addition, the backyard is sloped 5 degrees away from the foundation to prevent water from seeping into the crawlspace, and the 1st floor is raised 2â&#x20AC;&#x2122; above grade to minimize the risk of flooding damage in the event that flooding does occur on the site. This 2-line defense against flooding bolster Reverbâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s resiliency against moisture infiltration and subsequent damage to framing members. Through careful designing with consideration of natural disaster mitigation, Reverb is designed to provide a safe, durable and resilient home applicable to many regions of the U.S. Champaign, IL

U.S. Tornado Risk Map Source: NOAA SPC 1950-1995

Champaign, IL

U.S. Flooding Risk Map Source: NOAA

Champaign, IL

U.S. Seismic Risk Map Source: USGS

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INNOVATION Designed in America, Made in America In an effort to design a building that is entirely constructed using American made building products, Team IlliNOISE aims to market Reverb as a blueprint for other U.S. homebuilders to do the same. Using American made products bolsters manufacturing jobs here at home and increases employment participation, as well as reducing shipping and transportation costs. In addition, a majority of building products used in Reverb are manufactured in Illinois. Based on our financial analysis and research, a building comparable to the size of Reverb built entirely of U.S. made products is only 2%-3% more expensive than a conventional home made with part U.S. and foreign products, making this a cost-effective option to pursue. The only exception to this design strategy are the windows manufactured from Schuco, which is a German brand. With this project, Team IlliNOISE hopes to not only promote the usage of American made building products in residential design and construction, but also demonstrate the seamless integration and incorporation of US and foreign building materials to create superior performing net-zero energy homes.

http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/business/2011/10/ how-to-build-a-made-in-america-home/

THANK YOU!