Responsive fabrics

CODE

[SPF ]

SAMPLE NAME

Spandexffin

MATERIAL CATEGORY

Textile

PROCESS CATEGORY

Physical [strength]

Description_ The material consists a mix of spandex fabric and paraffin, on which the application of forces differentiating in amount and time create structures (cracks) that indicate the distribution of the forces through the minimal paths. In order to achieve that, as a first step, on the spandex are sawed buttons placed on the corners of a regular grid indicating the spot where the force should be applied After being dipped in melted hot paraffin for five seconds the spandex is left to dry completely and then is attached on the apparatus, that consists of a 30x30cm wood frame and a light box. Then, following a sequence of gradually increasing pressure and application time we obtained the final result. Dipping the spandex longer in the paraffin demands the application of stronger and more durable forces in order to create the minimal paths.

Team: Marisa Margariti . Daniela Quesada . Erina Filipovska . Luz Michelle Lavayen

Spandexffin grid: Apparatus

GENERATIVE PROCESS

INPUT raw material

[PW]

Paraffin Wax

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 9624 Km Density 0.9 g/cm3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 9 Euro per kg

APPLICATION

OUTPUT

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Description_ In chemistry, paraffin is a term that can be used synonymously with "alkane", indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2.

Paraffin wax refers to a mixture of alkanes that falls within the 20 ≤ n ≤ 40 range; they are found in the solid state at room temperature and begin to enter the liquid phase past approximately 37°C. Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with a typical melting point between about 47 °C and 64 °C .It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. Paraffin is unaffected by most common chemical reagents, but burns readily.

[HE ]

Heating

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

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low low

high high

Description_ Heating the paraffin at different temperatures that can affect the material making it more liquid as the temperature is higher. And higher temperatures also influence in how long the fabric is going to absorb the paraffin and become rigid.

[SP]

Spandex

Emb.nrg 250MJ/kg Distance 9624 Km Density 1.16Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 1.50 Euro

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Description_ Spandex or elastane is a synthetic fibre known for its exceptional elasticity. Compared to rubber, elastane has both greater tear resistance and durability and a tension capacity two or three times greater, at a third of the weight. Elastane fibres can be stretched from four to seven times their length, reverting to their original length when the tension is relaxed. Elastane has the highest stretch tension of all textile raw materials.

[DE ]

Deeping

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Description_ This process consist in different parameters that can affect the results in the outcome of the material. Taking in account the number of deepings of the fabric in the paraffin and also the time of each deepening. Variating in rigidity, transparency, and translucency.

[GP]

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

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Description Description_ The process of the pushing is done manually, but following a gradually increasing force and time application. Nevertheless, the user can apply pressure at will, knowing that the longer and the harder he/she presses, the more and bigger cracks will appear.

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Description_ This elastic and light material allows to create interesting patterns into the material that works as minimal path finding. We control the pattern of the fabric creating a certain sequence and defining the pulling points within a predefined grid.

Spandexffin

-

time

Grid parameters

[PU ]

Pushing Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

[SPF]

Spandexffin

[SPF]

pressure

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

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Description_ based on a grid for pushing the points of the surface in order to create parameter that will determine the patterns on the fabric accoording to the points, time and force of the pushing.

Based on an (xy) axis plane we will increase the time by 1 second each time on the y-axis and the force of the pushing by duplicating the force eath time on the x-axis beginning from 0,0 grid of points.

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

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Description_ This elastic and light material allows to create interesting patterns into the material that works as minimal path finding. We control the pattern of the - and defining the fabric creating a certain sequence pulling points within a predefined grid. This material can be used as an architectural fabric that function - of aesthetic primarily in tension for a variety free-form building design.

The material can be used as a filtering and shadowing system on the facades of buildings

-

CODE

[CSF]

SAMPLE NAME

ColorSpandexffin

MATERIAL CATEGORY

textile

PROCESS CATEGORY

Physical [strength]

Description_ Fabric structures are architecturally innovative forms of constructed fibers that provide end users a variety of aesthetic free-form building designs.

In the research to create new fabrics that could improve in rigidity, strength, durability, and environmental resistance.

We combined a spandex fabric with paraffin wax to create a new material that would be more rigid and at the same time still very flexible and elastic. With a predefined grid based on time vs force we create interesting patterns on the fabric. It will depend on how is the force applied into the fabric and the points from where is going to be pulled or pushed that will create different kind of forms into the material.

Team: Marisa Margariti . Daniela Quesada . Erina Filipovska . Luz Michelle Lavayen

Colorspandexffin: Apparatus

GENERATIVE PROCESS

INPUT raw material

[PW]

Paraffin Wax

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 9624 Km Density 0.9 g/cm3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 9 Euro per kg

low

high

low

high

low

high

low low

high high

Description_ In chemistry, paraffin is a term that can be used synonymously with "alkane", indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2.

Paraffin wax refers to a mixture of alkanes that falls within the 20 ≤ n ≤ 40 range; they are found in the solid state at room temperature and begin to enter the liquid phase past approximately 37°C. Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with a typical melting point between about 47 °C and 64 °C .It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. Paraffin is unaffected by most common chemical reagents, but burns readily.

[PI ]

Pigment

Emb.nrg 93.3 MJ/kg Distance 381 Km Density 5.242 g/cm3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 7 Euro for 50 ml

[HE ]

Heating

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

low

high

low

high

low

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low low

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Description_ Heating the paraffin at different temperatures that can affect the material making it more liquid as the temperature is higher. And higher temperatures also influence in how long the fabric is going to absorb the paraffin and become rigid.

Pattern Fabric Component low

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Description_ A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.

[ DI ]

Dipping

Colorspandexffin

[SP]

Spandex

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

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Description_ This process consist in different parameters that can affect the results in the outcome of the material. Taking in account the number of dippings of the fabric in the paraffin and also the time of each dipping. Variating in rigidity, transparency, and translucency.

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Description_ Spandex or elastane is a synthetic fibre known for its exceptional elasticity. Compared to rubber, elastane has both greater tear resistance and durability and a tension capacity two or three times greater, at a third of the weight. Elastane fibres can be stretched from four to seven times their length, reverting to their original length when the tension is relaxed. Elastane has the highest stretch tension of all textile raw materials.

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

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high high

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Description_ This elastic and light material allows to create interesting patterns into the material that works as minimal path finding. We control the pattern of the fabric creating a certain sequence and defining the pulling points within a predefined grid. This material can be used as an architectural fabric that function primarily in tension for a variety of aesthetic free-form building design.

Description_ This elastic and light material allows to create interesting patterns into the material that works as minimal path finding. We control the pattern of the fabric creating a certain sequence and defining the pulling points within a predefined grid.

Description_ Taking as reference the predefined grid pushing sequence. This process consist in the relation of the time vs force applied into the fabric creating interesting patterns in the spandex fabric. Much longer the fabric is pushed will create more patterns between the points that are pressed together.

-

[GP]

Grid parameters

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

low

high

low

high

low

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low low

high high

Description_ based on a grid for pushing the points of the surface in order to create parameter that will determine the patterns on the fabric accoording to the points, time and force of the pushing.

Based on an (xy) axis plane. The selection of points will increase by doubling the distance begging from 0,0 in order to see the change in the pattern affected just by the distance mantaining the time (3 seconds) of pushing and the strenght of pressure applied into the material.

[PF]

[CSF ]

[PU ]

Pushing

Emb.nrg 250 MJ/kg Distance 9624Km Density 1,16 Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 1,50 Euro

APPLICATION

OUTPUT

-

CODE

[TFF ]

SAMPLE NAME

TempFiberffin

MATERIAL CATEGORY

Responsive fabric

PROCESS CATEGORY

Physical [temperatrure]

Description_ reversible phase transitions to external stimulia. A composite material of paraffin, fiber glass and metallic mesh. The properties of the synthesis of these results in a material that reacts to heat in reversible ways. The fiber glass is a malleable vessel for the paraffin, which when exposed to heat becomes transparent, then at cooling goes back its natural transluscency. The metallic mesh compononent of the material introduces the possibility of three-dimensional forms to emerge from the system.

This results in a varying change of state, depending on the proximity of the differemt forms to the heat source. Thedipped fiberglass, when placed on the metallic mesh folds over on itself at the points of indentation or change of form. This adds another level of reactivity to the heat source, as it implies a collective area of more material. The aparatus is constructed to supply a site specific heat source to see the varying phase changes of the material across the sample.

Taken as a potential reactive material to solar energy as a heat source, there are many applicable uses. As a tromb wall mechanism, heat can be collected from faรงades that can then become transparent to offer views and let light in, then conversely releasing the collected heat over time as the temperature drops. It can also be used as a focused heat collect/release mechanism. As part of a system where areas need more heat, or more sunligh exposure in varying portions of the envelope, the gridded three-dimensional molded base reacts independently at these points form the system.

Team: Marisa Margariti . Daniela Quesada . Erina Filipovska . Luz Michelle Lavayen

TempFiberffin: Apparatus

GENERATIVE PROCESS

INPUT raw material

[PW]

Paraffin Wax

[HE ]

Heating

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 9624 Km Density 0.9 g/cm3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro 9 E/Kg

APPLICATION

OUTPUT

low

high

low

high

low

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Description_ In chemistry, paraffin is a term that can be used synonymously with "alkane", indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2.

Paraffin wax refers to a mixture of alkanes that falls within the 20 ≤ n ≤ 40 range; they are found in the solid state at room temperature and begin to enter the liquid phase past approximately 37°C. Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with a typical melting point between about 47 °C and 64 °C .It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. Paraffin is unaffected by most common chemical reagents, but burns readily.

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

high

low

high

low

high

low low

high high

Description_ Heating the paraffin at different temperatures that can affect the material making it more liquid as the temperature is higher. And higher temperatures also influence in how long the fabric is going to absorb the paraffin and become rigid.

[FG ]

Fiber Glass

[DE]

Dipping low

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

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Description_ This process consist in different parameters that can affect the results in the outcome of the material. Taking in account the number of dippings of the fabric in the paraffin and also the time of each dip; Variating in rigidity, transparency, and translucency.

URBAN GREEN HOUSE Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 1233Km Density 12g/m2 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro 2E/ s.m

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Description_ Fiberglass s material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. It is used as a reinforcing material for many polymer products. Glass fiber is formed when thin strands of silica-based or other formulation glass is extruded into many fibers with small diameters that are suitable for textile processing. Glass is unlike other polymers because, even as a fiber, it has little crystalline structure. The properties of the structure of glass in its soft stage are very much like its properties when spun into fiber.

[HS]

Heating source

Temp responsive fabric

[TRF ]

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

[UGH]

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Description_ An additive facade system to existing buildings to capture sunlight and solar heat for the purposes of possibly implementing green houses in high-rise buildings.

[EN]

Energy

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

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Description_ The heating box made out of plywood and incandescent bulbs will heat the fabric making react to the changes in temperature. This will simulate the sun and see the adaptation of the material to different conditions.

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

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Description_ The surface reacts to the change of temperature. Creating a clear surface at a high temperatures and becoming translucent when it lose heat. This material can absorb the temperature acting as a good material for insulation.

Tromb Wall Façade

[TWF]

Description_ the source of energy in this case will be incandescent light bulbs that will produce the heat needed to change the properties of the material.

-

[MM]

Mesh Molding

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

Emb.nrg 227 MJ/kg Distance 200 Km Density 2.70g /mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro 4E/s.m

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Description_ the metallic mesh acts as a malleable heat conductor as well as a stable shape-rentention infrastructure. The thin grid of the mesh also allows for visibility.

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Description_ A full south-facing façade system that - heat and play with the may be used to collect solar visibilities of desired views. In colder climates the heat collected by the material can then be released during the night; reducing operational costs.

[M ]

Metalic Mesh

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

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Description_ Giving the mesh a grid form of inverse indentations to serve a mold. A cylindrical form is given and the alternating positive and negative indentations give a regular folding pattern for the fiber glass to drape over and have overlapping folds: This means areas of the molded fiberglass will have more of less paraffin accumulated in its surface, to make for varying reactions to the heat source.

Overall, the irregular surface will increase/decrease the proximity of the sample to the heat.

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CODE

[CTF]

SAMPLE NAME

ColorTempFiber

MATERIAL CATEGORY

Textile

PROCESS CATEGORY

Physical [temperature]

Description_ The fiberglass cloth and the paraffin wax make a smart material system designed to respond to a different heat rate.

The fiberglass is a material that provides a weather resistant finish but mixed with the paraffin wax has the ability to change the surface becoming transparent or translucent depending on the amount of heat it absorbs.

The paraffin wax absorbs the heat when becomes liquid and expires the heat when it hardens again.

It can be used as a smart material system in glass facades as a transparent and heat absorbing area during the day when it is exposed to the sun and as a translucent and a heat emitter surface during the nights.

The pigment in the paraffin wax makes the whole material system more exiting and gives different colors depending on the taste of the user.

Team: Marisa Margariti . Daniela Quesada . Erina Filipovska . Luz Michelle Lavayen

ColorTempFiber grid: Apparatus

GENERATIVE PROCESS

INPUT raw material

[PW]

Paraffin Wax

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 9624 Km Density 0.9 g/cm3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 9 Euros per kg

low

high

low

high

low

high

low low

high high

Description_ In chemistry, paraffin is a term that can be used synonymously with "alkane", indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2.

Paraffin wax refers to a mixture of alkanes that falls within the 20 ≤ n ≤ 40 range; they are found in the solid state at room temperature and begin to enter the liquid phase past approximately 37°C. Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with a typical melting point between about 47 °C and 64 °C .It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. Paraffin is unaffected by most common chemical reagents, but burns readily.

[PI ]

Pigment

Emb.nrg 93.3MJ/kg Distance 381 Km Density 5.242g/cm3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 7 Euro for 50ml

low

high

low

high

low

high

low low

high high

Description_ A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption. Many materials selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light.

Materials that humans have chosen and developed for use as pigments usually have special properties that make them ideal for coloring other materials. A pigment must have a high tinting strength relative to the materials it colors. It must be stable in solid form at ambient temperatures.

[HE ]

Heating

[DIP]

Dipping

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

low

high

low

high

low

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low low

high high

Description_ Mixing the paraffin with the pigment at different temperatures that can affect the material making it more liquid as the temperature is higher. Also influence in how long the fabric is going to absorb the paraffin and become rigid.

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

low

high

low

high

low

high

low low

high high

Description_ This process consist in different parameters that can affect the results in the outcome of the material. Taking in account the number of deepings of the fabric in the paraffin and also the time of each deepening. Variating in rigidity, transparency, and translucency.

Temp responsive fabric

[TRF ]

[HS]

Heating source

[FG ]

Fiber Glass

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

Emb.nrg 30.3MJ/kg Distance 1233Km Density 12kg/m3 Carbon 1.35 CO2/kg Cost 2 Euros per m2

APPLICATION

OUTPUT

low

high

low

high

low

high

low low

high high

Description_ Fiberglass s material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. It is used as a reinforcing material for many polymer products. Glass fiber is formed when thin strands of silica-based or other formulation glass is extruded into many fibers with small diameters that are suitable for textile processing. Glass is unlike other polymers because, even as a fiber, it has little crystalline structure. The properties of the structure of glass in its soft stage are very much like its properties when spun into fiber.

[EN]

Energy

low

high

low

high

low

high

low low

high high

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

low

high

low

high

low

high

low low

high high

Description_ The surface reacts to the change of temperature. Creating a clear surface at a high temperatures and becoming translucent when it lose heat. This material can absorb the temperature acting as a good material for insulation.

Description_ The heating box made out of plywood and incandescent bulbs will heat the fabric making react to the changes in temperature. This will simulate the sun and see the adaptation of the material to different conditions.

Termo color facade

[TCF ]

-

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

low low low low low

high

-

high high high high

Description_ The system can be applied as a component on facades keeping the heat during the day and becoming transparent and emitting the heat during the night and becoming translucent.

Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro

low

high

low

high

low

high

low low

high high

Description_ the source of energy in this case will be incandescent light bulbs that will produce the heat needed to change the properties of the material.