Portfolio Michel Zouein

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MICHEL ZOUEIN

ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO

Selected Works - 2014-2020

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PROFILE EDUCATION 2018-2020

Politecnico di Milano – Milano, Italy

Masters degree in Architecture and Urban Design Score: 110/110

2013-2017

Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK) – Kaslik, Lebanon Bachelor of Arts in Architectural Studies

1998-2013

Collège des Frères Mont La Salle – Ain-Saade, Lebanon Lebanese Baccalaureate – General Sciences

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Jul-Aug 2019

Lorenzo Guzzini Architects- Milano, Italy

Feb-Mar 2019

Terra Viva Workshop - Copparo, Italy

Feb-Jun 2018

Freelance Project, Unit house - Beirut, Lebanon

May-Aug 2017 Jul-Aug 2016

WELD Architecture - Naccache, Lebanon Internship at BAU Architects - Antelias, Lebanon

COMPUTER SKILLS AutoCad AutoCad 3D Sketchup Revit Rhino Adobe Photoshop Adobe InDesign Adobe Illustrator Lumion AgiSoft PhotoScan Pro

LANGUAGES English

Advanced

French

Advanced

Arabic

Advanced

Italian

Intermediate

PERSONAL INFO Nationality Date of Birth Email Phone Number Instagram

Lebanese 06/06/1995 michelzouein@live.com +39 3341806484 / +961 70524248 https://www.instagram.com/michelzouein/


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CONTENT

COMPOSITION ARCHITECTURE

1

Hospital Residential housing Technical School

Cultural Center

3 7 9 11

SUSTAINABLE & CONSTRUCTION DESIGN

13

Expo Dubai Pavilion: “The New Game”

URBAN DESIGN

A New Thing: Mosque in Milan Milano Citta Studi: City in the City

PRESERVATION EXECUTION MAGAZINE

17 23 27 29 31

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ELEMENT & COMPOSITION

When sliced in half, the majority of the depicted fruits and vegetables will display a geometric shape or pattern, based on symmetry or platonic solids. The elements of this composition were taken from the dissection of a grapefruit. Architecture depends on symmetry, what Vitruvius calls the “proper agreement between the members of the work itself.�

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PLOT #373 - MOUNT LEBANON

Residential

The morphology of the plot created the landscape of this residential housing. The hill overlooks fields of olives and the sea, therefore each house had a beautiful view, and a private terrace. Depending on the family’s needs, three types of houses were forming the complex, same rectangular shape, but different areas: two horizontal houses and a third one that was following the slope with it’s shape and form the base for the other two.


On the same level, a pedestrian axis connects the base houses of type D, that are the biggest of area; and each level is connected to the other by a fast vertical circulation (open air stairs, with seatings and greeneries). The inclined houses are divided into 3 main parts, and by that 3 interior functions: Night/Day/Service.

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Physical Model


Type A 110 m2

Type B 150 m2

Type C 150 m2

Type D 210 m2

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TRABEATION CONFLICT A mosque in Milan

The project is located under the railway station of Milan dating from 1864 in the northern end of central Milan. The Mosque is made of spaces organised in horizontal stripes that represent libraries for religious studies on Islam, administration offices, conference room, services and the prayer hall which covers an area of 5.000 sqm. The impact of the East Christian traditions and mainly the plan of the Byzantine domed basilica is clear through a grand assembly of volumes enhanced by colours and light. The prayer hall isolates itself from the rest of the structure by means of a distinctive design in an organisation of ‘free plan‘, interrupted by the existing columns and the light intervention of curtains in order to provide the silence. Thus, the mosque and prayer hall, are so diverse in liturgical purpose and symbolic contents. Three factors represent the contributions of monumentality; the square plan (which in our project is rectangular) ; the hypostyle, made of suspended ceiling, sculptured geometrical in order to support the light and lead to the prayer hall and the Qibla in the direction to Mecca representing the element of the main area of separation.


A-A’

G-G’ A-A’

G-G’

H-H’

B-B’ B-B’

H-H’

C-C’

I-I’ C-C’

I-I’

L-L’

D-D’ D-D’

L-L’

M-M’

E-E’

M-M’

E-E’

F-F’

N-N’ F-F’

N-N’

Ceiling transformation in section

Sections of the suspended ceiling Sections of the suspended ceiling

A’ C’

C’

F’

A’

B’ B’

A

D’

E’

D’

E’

F’

C

D H’ I’

M’ N’

H’

I’

L’

H

M’

L

N’

M

D

G’

I

N

B

G H

F

G

E F

E

I

L

M

N

Viale Brianza

Via Giovanni Pierluigi Palestrina

suspended ceiling suspended ceiling

Via Giovanni Battista Pergolesi

L’

G’

A

B

C

Via Ferrante Aporti

0

50

Via Tonale

Via Giovanni Schiparelli

Viale Lunigiana

Via Giovanni Battista Sammartini

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The given existing columns indicate the grid of the former walls. A differentiation with the tiling colors and patterns is created in each room to create different functions and aspects.

FACADE NORD

C-C’

Viale Lunigiana

A SIMPLE THING. A MOSQUE IN MILAN | Architectural Composition 2018 | Politecnico di Milano | Prof. Pier Paolo Tamburelli | Prof.ssa Fabrizia Berlingieri | Prof. Alessandro Carrera

A

B

B-B’

A-A’


A series of irregular walls are transformed into rooms of various functions, having each one a different shape, indicating the organisation of the space in order to gradually lead you to the prayer hall.

C’

+1m

+ 0,2m

A’

B’

Via Giovanni Battista Sammartini

C

SCALE 1-250

+ 0,20 cm

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TRABEATION CONFLICT

TRABEATION CONFLICT

TRABEATION CONFLICT

Ablution area

Ablution area

Ablution area

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GREEN DELTA

Green Delta

Landscape

This project was mainly about connecting two sides of Ronchetto, an area in the in the southwest of Milan. This side of Ronchetto is located in the southwest of Milan and is waiting to be developed. The challenge is how to deal with the relationship between the city and the countrysiMIlande.will witness great development because the new metro line that will connect it to dormitory, the city.exhibition The green Our concept is toacreate a green delta that introduces publicof buildings such as hospital, commerces, residences, campus, center,delta library is a and of theater to activate the potential value of the area. This area will will be a new important link between the northern city andof themeetings, green space In the south.exhibitions, symbol connectivity and variety. Different species fill the space, to become a space outdoor The different buildings are positioned on three different sides based on their needs, as if they do not belong to different worlds; the presence of the green delta and the multicultural building present in it allow the activities and others... relationship between the different parts, making them harmonious and with a single purpose. Each block of buildings has its own green area with a different function. At the top left we find the hospital with the research center that have private greenery, accessible only to patients and the greenery used as a An abacus was to them study all kinds trees, and flowers that arewithfound the area, to understand the Ondifferplayground and publiccreated sports area. Below is the medical campus, of with an adjoiningplants, sports area. On the right is the residential complex, courtyardsin inside that create environments of peace and tranquility. the back of the multifunctional building there is a wooded area, with inside refresh ment areas, aggregation spaces, cavea. enceInside between each others and natural pickcavee, thekiosks, one useful for creating aareas, path, for separation, shadow... according to their the green delta there are different functions: spaces for aggregation and rest, shaded urban another gardens, playgrounds, areas for outdoor exercises, fountains and ponds to refresh the area; there are also different types of plants and bushes, designed to give different colors and scents to the area. Theseseasoning two curved central streets the area, making it unique and underlining the concept of delta, of urban green that expands in the suburbs. Close to the southern part of the hospital and the residential area height, andmark development. -

there is a long tree-lined avenue and a large pedestrian area, to allow pedestrians a continuous permeability, passing through the central park. In many buildings there are green roofs, to have a sustainable solution and continue the idea of a continuous green, which does not stop at the central park but also spreads on the buildings. On the lake shore there is a restaurant with adjacent parking and spaces for gardens, which make the area a strong point of attraction. To the north of the project area there is a sports centre and a restaurant, serving people leaving the M4 subway.

FINAL DESIGN STUDIO (053074) section D - A.A.2018/19 HEALTH AND SUSTAINABILITY FOR BUILT ENVIRONMENT - Stefano Capolongo (053083)

GROUP

03

Maria Vittoria Cazzaro Yuwei Guo Ruomeng Ma Zhuolin Xie

896949 896630 894305 897374

Exam 18/07/2019

GREEN DELTA


Floating plants Floating plants

Floating plants Floating plants

Trees selected by selected us Trees by us

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73

Trees selected Trees byselected us by us

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73

MARGINAL AND LOWLAND PLANTS

TREES ALONG CANALS AND ROADS

Abacus of Plants

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HOSPITAL DESIGN

Mass Plan

The concept of this project started with the idea of the human body. Molecules are particles made up of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds. A proper functioning of a molecule must be ensured by the functionality of all of these atoms. Similarly, the hospital must function as a single identity that follows these networks.

Front Elevation


Ground Floor Plan

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Physical Model


Throughout my educational and professional years, i have developped a great interest in building physical models, with different materials, colors, textures and techniques. Working on the light/shadow, interior/exterior, open space/close space,...can be highlighted through the model. Patience and detail orientation are keys to create a great physical model that represents the general idea of the project and in some cases more details and therefore more perspectives than the digital work.

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MILANO CITTA STUDI: CITY IN THE CITY


During this time of political and uncertainity, a time that cares about transitory rather than permanent, the immediate rather than long term and regards utility as an important parameter, a new approach must be defined in order to strengthen and renew the image of the city. Working on a new entrance of an indepentent city by redefying the possibility of a strong limit as an entrance and definition. ‘An indepedent city’ is a inner courtyard design to host the need of the users of Citta Studi. Free to all modifications and independant of all outer modifications, this space plays a major role in the everyday life of italians living in this area, specially students who fill the city at all times of the year. Cultural, educational, residential, green, void,...IMAGINE!

WEST FACADE

A POSSIBLE SCENARIO

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25


THE NEW GAME This pavilion is taking part in the “Expo Dubai 2020” for the development of the Global South. The three main axis of the Expo were: Opportunity, Mobility, and Sustainability, that can summarize The Artificial Intelligence(AI). The pavilion is thematically structured following an intuitive separation: robotics “The Machine”, computation “The Brain” and bionics “Hyberdization”. In order to propose an holistic experience to the visitors, the expositions will be articulated around a central space:”The New Game”.

MEMBRANE FACADE MEMBRANE

WOOD STRUCTURE WOOD STRUCTURE

PATHS & COLUMNS COLUMNS

De-03

Brain Pavilion Roof

MEMBRANE 5cm AIR GAP WOOD STRUCTURE (HORIZONTAL) WOOD STRUCTURE (VERTICAL) 10X20 STEEL JOINT WOOD SUPPORTER 10X25 AIR GAP MEMBRANE 5cm

6.00 1.THIS DRAWING SHALL NOT BE USED FOR ANY PURPOSE OTHER THAN FOR WHICH IT IS SUPPLIED. 2.DO NOT SCALE THIS DRAWING AS A BASIS FOR CONSTRUCTION, WORK FROM FIGURED DIMENSIONS ONLY. 3.UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED, ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN CENTIMETERS, ALL LEVELS ARE IN METERS.

Brain Pavilion

4. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE SHOWN FROM BLOCK WORK TO BLOCKWORK. 5.SHAFTS ACCESS PANELS ARE @60CM FROM FINISH LEVEL. 6.ALL INNER SHAFTS (IF BLOCK WORK) SHALL BE PLASTERED. 7.THIS DRAWING MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALL OTHER ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTS RELATED TO THE SAME SHEET AND ANY ITEM ON IT. 8.FOR ALL BLOCKWORK INTERIOR PLASTER 15 mm THICK,EXTERIOR 20 mm. 9.CONTRACTOR TO SUBMIT SHOP DWG. FOR CONSULTANTS APPROVAL .

WOOD FLOOR 24mm STEEL SUPPORTER AIR GAP 43cm STEEL FLOOR 15mm STEEL JUNCTION STEEL SUPPORTER AIR GAP 50cm REINFORCED CONCRETE

10.ALL DIMENSIONS /LEVELS MUST BE CHECKED BY THE CONTRACTOR BEFORE THE PREPARATION OF THE SHOP DRAWINGS OR THE EXECUTION OF ANY WORK ON SITE. 11.PRIOR TO STARTING THE EXECUTION OF THE WORKS, THE CONTRACTOR SHOULD, UNDER HIS SOLE RESPONSIBILITY, CARRY OUT ALL THE NECESSARY VERIFICATIONS ON SITE. HE SHOULD IMMEDIATELY INFORM THE ENGINEER OF ANY DISCREPANCY OR INCONSISTENCY AND SUBMIT ALL INFORMATION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE WORKS. 12.KITCHEN AND LAUNDRY LAYOUTS AND EQUIPMENT ARE INDICATIVE. SETTING OUT SHOULD BE FINALIZED WITH KITCHEN SPECIALIST.

Ground Floor

2.12

2.12

2.12 7.26

2.12

1.09

CONSTRUCTION AND SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN STUDIO Briz Fernando Garcia Perez Martin Yener Fikri Umut Zouenin Michel

7.87

Facade Sections Scale 1:20

SEC-02


Ground Floor Plan 27


“the brain” As a visitor, the building should be seen as a continuous performance. “The Brain” pavilion will act s an attractor, due to its dynamic behaviour and its unclear nature. The transition into this space is brutal. In the inside, a system of pistons will move the internal and external flexible membranes, that will adapt to the space regarding the visitors movements and position. A series of projection into this internal space will create an introspective atmosphere.


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BYBLOS CULTURAL CENTER This project was requested by the Municipality of one of the touristic cities in Lebanon: Bblos, given the lack of a gate that opens onto the old city. The city has an old history and is rising now with new projects to attract more tourists and visitors. This door will invite people to discover the space: the cover is all transparent and allows interaction with the outside. The internal circulation, apparent from the outside is the key element of the project. It articulates around a void, assuring the communication between each level with it’s different functions and uses: library, archive, showrooms, gathering spaces, multimedia rooms,...


Louver facade to maintain the interior temperature acceptable. System composed of small squares of pvc with a metall structure holding them to each others

Main metallic structure visible from outside and playing a big role in the facade

Multiple floors with different functions connected through escalators. The center is voided in the middle to allow connectivity between levels

Outdoor stairs with seats and greeneries, allowing some performances and exterior exhibitions

Art corner is an exterior installation of small steps connected through little stairs

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RONCHETTO UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS Ronchetto is located in the southwest of Milan and is waiting to be developed. The challenge is how to deal with the relationship between the city and the countryside. With this new addition, many new young people will move to the area transforming this part of the city into a new hub, full of activities and life. The student should not be trapped in the campus, that’s why many buildings have an internal courtyard with greenery and tables for outdoor dining and study. Each building is surrounded by green areas from both sides and the courtyards are enclosed by wooden structures reminiscent of a pergola.


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35


TECHNICAL SCHOOL In order to make a person comfortable in a place, he has to be part of it. The purpose of this research was to place the student as the central element of the whole school. To reach this goal, the student starts his journey from the first building where all the researches and theories take part, then apply this knowledge in experimental labs and workshops in the second building, to finally go out to the outside world with a fairly important knowledge. The internal circulation of each volume reflects its own character.

Physical Model


1-Theoretical 3-Cultural

Circulation

2-Practical

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Theoretical

Practical

Socio-Cultural


Detailed Section: Practical

39


PRESERVATION STUDY

The preservation work was held on the ancient Mill Chandler, belonging to the Legnano San Giorgio Castle. This castle was built in 1231, and some parts of it were left intact through the years. Before intervening on the site, our job was to understand the building: analyse the materials, the cracks and all the decays found, classify them into categories and study each one in a sheet that represents the caracteristics and potential work. The intervention starts from here, finding a solution for each and every problem, from the least effective one to the most dangerous one.


Decay and Tender Facade

Material Facade

The Mill of Legnano Legnagno San Giorgio castle

Photogrammetry using AgiSoft PhotoScan Pro Preservation survey (also known as condition survey, conservation needs survey or preservation assessment) is the process of collecting and analyzing data about the physical condition of library materials. Preservation surveys are used by libraries to determine the condition of their collections and identify necessary actions for preserving, conserving or repairing materials. They are most often conducted at research and university libraries. Preservation surveys are often the first step when planning and implementing a preservation program in a library. By collecting data and compiling statistics about a collection’s condition, library staff can determine environmental threats and preservation needs. It is also possible to use the resulting data to predict future deterioration

3.55

1.25 0.95

4 cm

0.55

Orthoimage scale 1:50

Drawing Facade 0.04 0.40

0.65 1.00

1.45

1.05 1.20

2.35

0.85

1.70

1.50

1.001.10

0.50

1.00

0.55

1.05

0.55

1.70

1.00

2.50

3.05

1.05

2.55 2.20

0.10 1.00

1.65

3.15

1.80

2.15

3.05

2.05

2.20

3.55

5.70 0.10

0.40

0.10

0.10

0.40

0.35

0.25 0.15

0.10

0.15

0.15 0.85

1.20

1.45

1.45 2.10

1.45

2.05

1.05

2.45

0.90

1.05

1.85

1.75

2.55 2.15

0.75

4.00

1.80

2.40

1.25 0.85

2.50 2.15

0.55

0.95

2.70

1.25

0.40

0.55

1.45

1.05

4.40

1.75

1.85

2.55

0.75

4.00

0.85

2.50

0.55

0.95

2.90

36.30

Architecture and Urban design

Preservation and Design studio

Board Number:4 Metric survey

Academic year 2017-2018

41

Professors: Augelli Francesco , Andrea Garzulino, Matteo

Group 05 Students : Alhajj Moussa Christine, Zouein Michel, Iliopou


EXECUTION 1

2

3

4

5

6

3500 460.00

500.00

3

500.00

4

550.00

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450.00

1040.00

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3500 500.00

500.00

550.00

450.00

1040.00

G 60

2470

40

60 360

170

60

60

220

220

WAL0.2

0 170

220 WAL0.2

60

BEDROOM 1 F1-07

220

WAL01

120

200

A602

240

A602

210

30

190

WAL02

100

120

160 970

355

70

80

355

BATH 1 F1-05

370

100

Guest W.C F1-06

190 110

80 +100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

40 50 200

DW04 100 30 220

200

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30 30 10 160

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100

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20 220

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30220

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-30000.00 F.F.L. 550

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-200.00 C.L.

120

10 20

10 220

420

DW02

30 470

280

1 A-301

200

282

680

10 220

A602

DW03

MEC

60

285

30

360

30 220

370

10 170

60

E

285

BATH 3 F1-15

220

230

90 10

370

STAIRS1 F1-01

20 185

430

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282

130

30

A602

A602

260

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A602

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425

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280.00 1 A-301

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140.00

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470

590

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390 1 A-301

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530

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120

A602

85

425

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12040

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A602

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340 25 260

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90 10 70 45 WAL01 120 A602

60 400.00 +100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

1420 20

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BATH 3 F1-15

190

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L. +100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

282

30 220

190

260

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ROOM 3 F1-14

350 30 220

ROOM 3 F1-14

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STAIRS1 F1-01

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B A-202

370

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DW03

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MEC

280

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A602

1420 1960.00

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70 45 +100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

360

WAL03

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

20 EL

680

DW04

425

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370

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A602

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360.50 GREEN SPACE F1-12

550

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LIVING ROOM 1 F1-03

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WAL03

85

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120

LIVING ROOM 2 F1-13

DW04

EL

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DW09

30 120

25

A602

150

20 DW02

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GREEN SPACE F1-12

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30 120 +100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

30 120

30 LIVING ROOM 1 F1-03

2

WAL03

DW09

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DW09

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

150

A602

1

-30000.00 F.F.L. -200.00 C.L.

F 60

DW09

LIVING ROOM 2 F1-13

190

550

ENTRANCE F1-02

30

30

0.5528

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

ENTRANCE F1-02

120

A602

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30

1.1995

WAL01

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+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

115

DW03

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370

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A602

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

190

150

DINING ROOM F1-04

VOID

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1.1995

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630

450 10

160

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+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

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DW05

30 220

970

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+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

30 220

60 70 30

390

A602

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KITCHEN F1-09

0

A602

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KITCHEN F1-09

WAL01

5090

DW05

90

390

WAL01

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20 70 50

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220

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A

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530

470

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590

390A-201 60

2490

A A-201

Execution project which includes detailing of several elements inside the project. This is the second phase of the project after establishing the concept phase with the initial drawings.

WAL0.2

BEDROOM 1 F1-07

WASHROOM F1-08

WAL02

WAL01

BATH 2 F1-10

KITCHEN F1-09

WAL01

DW04

30220

DW05

30 220

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

DW05

In this phase, it shows the extended details of drawings of plans and sections; the most important elements to show inside this project were the electrical plan, stairs, parapet, bathroom detailing of plans: electrical, mechanical,...

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

DW03

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

30 220

2

30 220

1

BATH 1 F1-05

Guest W.C F1-06

LIVING ROOM 2 F1-13

WAL04 DW04

GREEN SPACE F1-12

VOID

30 220

WAL03

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

ENTRANCE F1-02

DINING ROOM F1-04

-30000.00 F.F.L. -200.00 C.L.

1

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L. DW03

30 220

2

EL

DW02

10 220

MEC

ROOM 3 F1-14

WAL02

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

DW04

30 220 M

LIVING ROOM 1 F1-03 BATH 3 F1-15

WAL03

+100.00 F.F.L. +/-00.00 C.L.

WAL03

STAIRS1 F1-01

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Electrical Plan 21

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WAL10

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150

BATH 3 F1-15

300

60 65

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100

65

20 80

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200

200

ROLLING SHUTER DETAIL 1/20

SIPHON SIPHON SUR ROOF CLEAN OUT

Flower PLANTER DETAIL SCALE 1/20 Bed Detail Section

Mechanical Plan PLANTER DETAIL SCALE 1/20 MEC DW04

820

30 220

20 80

30 20 50 300

20 80

n=5

90

BATH 3 F1-15

300 200

200

200

200

30 20 50

200

BALCONY DETAIL SCALE 1/20

Water Distribution Plan EPOXY PAINT FLOOR FINISHES :SKIRTING

BALCONY DETAIL SCALE 1/20 1

2

SCALE 1/20

3

4

FLOOR FINISHES :SKIRTING EPOXY PAINT SCALE 1/20

ParapetSCALE Detail1/20 Section PARAPET DETAIL 5

6

+11200 F.F.L.

ROOF +9900 F.F.L.

80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71

SECOND FLOOR

70 69 68 67 66

+6600 F.F.L.

65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49

FIRST FLOOR

48 47 46 45 44

+3300 F.F.L.

43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26

GROUND FLOOR

25 24 23 22

+100 F.F.L.

21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4

GROUND FLOOR

3 2 1

-3300 F.F.L.

Section A-A’ 43


MAGAZINE The book “Sebastian Serlio on architecture” -1537, was transformed into a modern magazine entitled “Capitello”.The products found in it, in addition to the descriptions, are inspired by the very old architectural drawings of the architect himself, transformed into different modern styles and uses.

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“Even though many diverse forms of ancient and modern can be seen in every part of architecture, nevertheless since I intended several years ago to write a small volume to accompany my others, I shall write on, and show in figures, the many styles in which they can be built , with all different materials. tThe circular shape is the most Perfect.”

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The Intelligent architect will know how to adapt this invention to differing requirements. Proportion should be such that there is as much masonry as there is opening the opening is to be as high as wide. Between one column and the next should be thickness, and the column, with its base and capital should be coloured with the architrave.” - Isabella D’este -

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this door with a height three times its depth has been designed to remind the ancient Christian basilicas of the past. Its shape represents the theatricality of an object suitable for almost all domestic environments, the plan of the Christian basilica thus becomes a purely ornamental element of simple construction.

This type of fireplace is of great utility for small places and usually Iower than the human face, so that the fire, which is very harmful for the eyesight could not harm the eyes but can warm all the rest of the person, particularly when standing up. The upper element of this fireplace, where there are the ornaments was made for two reasons: one was to make the mouth which takes in the smoke more open; the other to remove that pyramid shape which forms the throat of a fireplace in a room of good height. The architect is always at liberty to build these thing either larger or smaller. and some times not to build them at all.

A salotto or a large chamber also requires a fireplace, and a room of this sort needs a large opening. Therefore , if the consoles are sufficient for such a projection we’re to be built LEONARDO. It would take up two parts at the sides of the room, depending on the room and its height. It could be ornamented in the way illustrated on the right. And who would doubt that this style might not on occasion be suitable for the idea of a gate, especially for the gate into a garden or for other places? Furthermore, the judicious architect will always know how to adapt other styles like this.

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The elements of utility get transformed into ornament so as to display the artistry and the wealth of the patron, and sometimes this ornament goes beyond necessity. This invention is made for utility, for strength and for decorum. Utility, because of the opening it has; strength, because it’s very solid and well bonded between each opening; and decorurn, because it is rich in ornamentation and pattern.

- Donato Bramante -

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Columns are a symbol of freedom. The size of the columns may vary, depending on the width of the capital. There is a variety of colors to choose from, while maintaining the color relationships and the nature of the scenario. When we are in front of this architecture, a sense of delicacy and growth rises.

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Vitruvius discusses the Ionic order in the first chapter of his fourth book. The ancients invented this type from the form of a matron and they dedicated it to Apollo, Diana and Bacchus, whose lives were half-way between robust and delicate. In the same way, the Christians could dedicate them to Saints who led matrony life. Robust but also delicate, this Ionic Order would be suitable for them. This style would also suit if you have something bad and want to improve it.

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THANK YOU!

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