norma de pixels

ISO 13406 www.nec-mitsubishi.com

Š NEC- Mitsubishi Electronics Display-France S.A.S

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What is ISO 13406-2

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“Ergonomic” requirements for flat panels display

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The objective of the standard is that the images presented on flat-panelbased Video Display Units be legible, readable and comfortable in use.

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Companion standard to ISO 9241-3, -7, -8 for CRT- monitors with a similar structure but takes account the significant differences in ergonomic trade offs

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What is ISO 13406-2 o New International Standard for ergonomic requirements for image quality of flat panel displays. o ISO 13406-2 = Equivalent to ISO 9241-3/-7/-8 for CRT monitors o Final release = December 2000 ISO 13406-2 certificate covers: o o o o o o o o o

Display Luminance (Brightness) Contrast (In real life situation) Reflections Colour reproduction Brightness and colour uniformity Font analysis Pixel defects Flickering Type of application

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Further ergonomic requirements and test criteria of ISO 13406-2

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5

Design viewing distance Design viewing direction Design screen illuminance Gaze and head-tilt angles Chromaticity uniformity difference 7.6 Character height 7.7 Stroke width 7.8 Character width-to-height ratio 7.9 Fill factor 7.10 Character format 7.11 Between-character spacing 7.12 Between-word spacing 7.13 Between-line spacing

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7.16 Luminance balance 7.18 Image polarity 7.21 Image formation time 7.22 Absolute luminance coding 7.23 Blink coding 7.24 Temporal instability (flicker) 7.25 Default colour set 7.26 Multicolour object size 7.27 Colour differences 7.28 Spectrally extreme colours 7.29 Number of colours and colour presentation

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Example

Brightness Contrast Pixel faults

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Image Quality

Source: German „BILD AM SONNTAG“ August 2001

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Dates, Facts, Analysis Contrast Pixel faults Image Quality

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Contrast Data of displays are currently not comparable, because each manufacturer uses own definition and measurement methods, o

e.g. what is the meaning of 200:1? For which viewing range (0°, 5°, 20°, 45°, 60°, horizontal, vertical...) ???

o What is the meaning of “viewing range 70° ”? 70° from the center to the left and right side, or 35° to the right and the left side...?? for which Illumination conditions (0 lux, 5 lux, 250 lux, 500 lux, ....) these contrast ratio data are valid ??? o ...Manufacturers are often refer to dark-room environments !? o ...Who and how many people use a flat panel display in the dark?

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Dates, Facts, Analysis Contrast Pixel faults Image Quality

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Pixel faults o In the retail market no manufacturer specify for the consumer zero o Pixel faults currently, only in the B2B market for special applications o Like in the medical- or industrial(traffic control) field ! o Home users have no information on how much pixel faults are allowed to complain a LCD-Display ! o ...and manufacturers getting out with the exact statements o ...or the specifications are very high, e.g. 0,01 % means for 1280X1024 = 1.310.720 picture pixel, 131 possibly pixel faults!

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Dates, Facts, Analysis Contrast Pixel faults Image Quality

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Image Quality o Based on the anisotropy of the liquid cristals the assessment of the Image Quality is very complex. o Statements like „good“, „very good“ or „excellent“ or ¬¬¬ say less or nothing about the suitable applications (Viewing Angle, Colour Performance and reflexion characteristics? )

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Design parameter D, QD,FD o Provides data for image quality classification o Measurement under work place conditions o Comparable criteria for benchmarking

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Viewing Direction The knowledge about the viewing direction supports the applicant and user during the installation and the using of a flat panel display for the application.

transparency for applicant and user

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Viewing Direction Range Classes Uniformity of displayed information is categorized in four viewing direction range classes to determine the performance for the monitor for his task

multiple user

one user Class II Class III

CLASS I Class IV

head-and eye -moves only eye moves

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Viewing Class IV Allows a single user to view the centre of the screen at the design viewing distance from one fix location with enough contrast and enough colour performance.

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Viewing Class III Allows a single user to view the whole area of the display at the design viewing distance from one fix location with sufficient contrast and colour performance.

Š NEC- Mitsubishi Electronics Display-France S.A.S

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Viewing Class II Allows a single user to view the whole area of the display at the design viewing distance from any location in front of the screen with sufficient contrast and enough colour performance.

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Viewing Class I Allows multiple users to view the whole area of the display at the design viewing distance from any viewing direction within an 80° viewing cone without reduced visual performance.

80°

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Contrast & Illumination Distribution

Contrast ratio measurements: o Dark room IEC < 5 lx ISO < 3 lx o Office light horizontal 500 lx monitor angle 293 lx o Sunlight > 5000 lx

Quotes from TUEV Rheinland : o

“Contrast ratios of 300:1, 350:1, 400:1 are lies”

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LCD Monitor manufacturers must specify contrast ratio: “xxx:1 in dark room(5 lx), yyy:1 in standard office environment (293 lx)”

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Screen Reflexions

Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen ReflexionenReflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen Reflexionen

2/11/2004Xx/xx/2004

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From reflection class the user is able to derive the suitability of teh LCD flat panel display monitor for general office use

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Pixel fault classes

Class

I II III IV

Definition of Fault Classes Maximum number of faults per type per million pixels Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Cluster Clusterof type 3 stuck high stuck low stuck subpixel with 1 type state state or intermittent 1 or 2 faults 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 5 0 2 5 15 50 0 5 50 150 500 5 50

Class I should be met for flat panel displays, otherwise the manufacturer has to specify the class in data sheets and in sales material

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Pixelfaults in reality

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In more than 98% of the test cases only subpixel faults were detected (Type 3 - faults)

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Type I und II faults can be partly ignored for the LCD-technology

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Pixel fault Class II enforce itselfs into the project- and B2B market.

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In the home consumer market we (TUV) found no pixel faults specifications for low price products!

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(Date August 2001)

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Response time

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New LCD-Display technologies achieve image formation times < 25ms and are suitable for fast video applications

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Good image formation times are between 30 ms and 50 ms

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A lot of displays with image formation times of > 50 ms exists yet, especially notebook displays.

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(Information investigated: August 2001)

Š NEC- Mitsubishi Electronics Display-France S.A.S

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Current status of ISO 13406-2 testing

TUEV Rheinland started January 2000: o Test and certificate according to ISO 13406-2 for the “TÜV ERGONOMICS APPROVED” test mark o For this test mark, all new LCD Monitors since then include ISO 13406-2 o TUEV Rheinland started a lobby campaign to teach purchase managers of corporate customers to only accept bids from vendors in the future should their products comply to ISO13406-2 o First vendor already announced on July 1, 2000 that all his LCD monitors will be ISO 13406-2 certified (in conjunction with “TUEV Eco Circle”) o TUEV Rheinland warned: "Vendors which will offer products to corporate customers without specs according to ISO13406-2, will not have any business chance by end of 2000 in Germany” “By mid 2001 same will happen in UK and later on in rest of Europe” “Within 2 years, the US market will have adopted ISO13406-2 as well"

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NEC/MITSUBISHI Status

All NEC/MITSUBISHI LCD monitors are

certified

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