WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
BIOCLIMATIC ANALYSIS
ZEN – ARQUITECTURA Dipl.- Ing. Anabela Macieira Rua dos Pinheiros Altos 8100-162 Almancil Fon 289 / 301 882 mobil + 351 913 248 420 www.zen-architektur.de
www.zenarchitecture-algarve.com
Project: Location:
42 – Pascal Folcque Soalheira - Loulé
This analysis is conditioned by the available climatologically data and considered the following factors: -
Temperature Orography Precipitation / Humidity / Hydrography Dominant winds Insolation
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
Beside the morphological differences between northern and southern territory, Portugal is affected by cold and damp air masses, frontal surfaces from NW and cold dry air masses coming from Siberia NE. During the summer the influences are from the North África hot dry air masses and the warm moisty air masses from Azores High. During the transition seasons all influences are present. The studied area, in Soalheira, Loulé (Latitude - 37° 9'25.77"N Longitude - 8° 4'34.40"W) is affected by the Mediterranean sea and by Serra do Caldeirão with 575m height. It influences the relative humidity of the place, sunlight exposure, wind distribution and strength. Fisical barrier to the winds of the North quadrant and northwest depressions is also a condensation barrier to the wet south quadrant winds. Has a result, the area has a Mediterranean climate and two well defined annual seasons. The winter is cold (maximum minimum temperature of 1 negative degree) but not very windy: - Maximum wind gusts are 26km/h from the Northwest in January and February. - Average maximum wind gust over the year of 17km/h from Northwest and 14km/h from southwest. - The predominant winds throughout the year are North-western with some alternation to South-eastern.
The summer is hot and dry (temperatures go over 40 degrees in July and August), the winter is soft. Average minimum and maximum temperatures are 17 to 29 degrees in the summer and 9 to 16 Celsius degrees in the winter. Annual precipitation is over 800mm and there are dry periods of 80 to 100 days in the summer.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
2013 Maximum temperature (40.8º) registered in August – Alte/Loulé station
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
2013 Minimum temperature (-2.7º) registered in February - Alte/Loulé station
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
Air temperature average climatology –Faro station, Faro, Portugal
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
PRECIPITATION
Maximum daily amount and monthly medium total amount of precipitation
2013 monthly amount of precipitation
2013 monthly amount of days with precipitation
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
WINDS
Average annual data – Dominant winds – Almancil Station
Direction and intensity of the winds – Annual average – Almancil Station
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
Direction and intensity of the winds – January
Direction and intensity of the winds – July
Direction and intensity of the winds – February
Direction and intensity of the winds – August
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
Winds study Cold winds (northern winds and slope winds) Hot winds (north-African winds)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
Microclima analysis - Study of the winds influence
Cold winds (northern winds and slope winds) Hot winds (north-African winds)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
Wind dominance possible to see on the local abundant high and low vegetation.
Southeast hill – Perfect protection from winter winds. Great sunlight exposure in the morning and medium in the afternoon (winter).
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
INSOLATION
Monthly average number of daylight hours
Floor plan analysis - Summer solstice
Insolation plan – Floor -1 Orange – Sunstrokes with solar height under 30 Red – Sunstrokes with solar height over 60° (with adverse heating capacity)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
Insolation plan – Ground Floor Orange – Sunstrokes with solar height under 30 Red – Sunstrokes with solar height over 60° (with adverse heating capacity)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
Floor plan analysis - Winter Solstice
Insolation plan – Floor -1
Insolation plan – Floor -1 Yellow – Solar gain throughout the day
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
CONCLUSION
The analysis locates the building in a well protected high profile south-eastern slope. Dominant winds are mainly blocked by Serra do Caldeirão but are still strong enough to leave evidences of its influence. Although the low profile of its north-eastern mountain, some mountain winds will be felt during the dawn. During the day hot air is blown up the mountain while at night cold air flows down the mountain at ground surface. It’s reasonably sheltered from the winds and has lower temperatures ranges due to the proximity of the water. Its temperature balance can be situated around 3 degrees due to the south. The small size of the hill makes its downhill negative effects unimportant but has countless positive effects against the northwest winds.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
Elevation analysis
North elevation
West elevation
South elevation
East elevation
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
Location
The strategic location on a southeast faced slope partially protects the building from the prevailing winds but it’s effects are visible on spot. Southwest alternant winds also show some impact on the graphics. Big perennial trees can be very helpful against them.
Form factor
The form factor allows ventilation and with it thermal balance in the summer period, the most important to be protected against in this location. The house is partially buried in the hill what favors its climatic response. The north side of the house ground floor is relatively compact and contains no living spaces. Some winds gusts and turbulence may be felt on the main entrance to the house – densify perennial trees barrier. The south side of the house is scattered, favouring insolation on the house’s southeast and southewest sides.
Orientation
All spaces are adequately positioned, transition spaces to the North and Northwest and living spaces to the south, southeast and southwest. All spaces are well protected against cold winds and excessive heat due to insolation.
Window size
Small windows facing North, Northeast and Northwest reduce the influence of the prevailing winds on the building interior temperature. Big windows facing South favour the interior solar gains in the winter.
Vegetation
Its valued the use of native plants. They require less water and maintenance. Also, they respect the local ecosystems. Wind predominance is from Northwest with some alternation to the Northeast. Protection from these directions can be done by amplifying and diversifying
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
the evergreen barrier in the Northeast. There is a need for bigger perennial and deciduous species. The proposed perennial vegetation, Olive Tree, Carob Tree and almond tree are correctly positioned around the house but the three barrier should be denser on the northwest side of the house. Avoid the proposed Fig Tree (Deciduous) excessively close to the house once it is quick spread specie and hosts guests like bats. The proposed vegetation, mostly evergreen can influence in a temperature reduction of 1 degree in the summer. Shading
No window is unprotected against excessive insolation. Very few windows allow solar sunstrokes with height superior to 60°. Some more solar radiation could be useful on the winter. The south-eastern overhang is excessively long stopping much of the winter insolation from warming the house.
Insulation
Insulating with, at least, 8cm of XPS will prove to be beneficial both in the summer and winter period. It’s recommended the use of green cover to balance the interior of the building along all year but a well dimensioned insulation or a ventilated coverage can easily solve it with economic advantages.
Humidification and cooling
On the summer period, the pool and implanted vegetation will humidify the hot south winds. Water features or passive cooling water technology is also advisable.
Surface water flow
No negative orographic points were found. Given the,. Given the low pluviosity there is no need to put excessive concern on the surface water flow but ground cover vegetation will help slow down the water flow from descending the high profile slope
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5
WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. LDA _ ZEN - ARQUITECTURA _ Casa ZEN _ Lagoa de Monprolé _ 8100-305 Loulé
with excessive speed or strength. Renewable energies
Solar and panels are considered in the proposal and very advisable due to the total number of hours the sun shines. Solar panels will prove to be very useful on any need of hot water. Supplying the public network with photovoltaic panels renewable energy is less advantageous each year. Unless the house is due only to vacation time we would recommend self-supply. Aquatherm is advisable but not essential. Other systems (geotherm, aerogenerator, etc) are not recommendable due to its cost benefit relation.
Other premises
LED’s are a very smart option due to the reduction of energy consumption that they represent. Natural swimming pools reduce drastically the maintenance costs and respect the local ecosystem. The skylight may be harmful to the interior thermal comfort (until the plants have dimension to block it). It’s advisable to retreat the window or avoid ordinary glass using opaque or translucent glass. The possibility of opening or closing the skylight may prove some utility.
Conclusion
The project is considered as appropriate to the local climate. Even so, its design can be improved on the following premises: Vegetation, Shading, Insulation, Humidification and cooling, Surface water flow.
Author: Miguel Corujo , 29/05/2014 recipients: client __________________________________________________________________________________________________ WILDSOPHISTICATION Unip. Lda NIF: 510 324 568 NIB: 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 05
Millennium bcp. _BIC/SWIFT: BCOMPTPL IBAN: PT 0033 0000 4542 6085 521 5