IMAJ by Miguel Rowe

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9/12/11

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T h e j o u r n a l o f t h e I n c o r p o r a t e d M a s t e r b u i l d e r s A s s o c i a ti o n o f J a m a i c a

CONTENTS

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news and reviews 6

US AMBASSADOR’S SPEECH AT ANNUAL AWARDS DINNER

Excerpts from SPEECH BY MINISTER OF TRANSPORT AND WORKS

STAFF OF The SecretAriat

Incorporated Masterbuilders Association Annual General Meeting

The change in places and faces at IMAJ

EXcERPTS FROM THE IMAJ PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS AT THE 2011 AWARDS BANQUET

EXCERPTS FROM SPEECH BY MINISTER OF LABOUR & SOCIAL SECURITY AT THE LAUNCH OF the construction SAFETY MANUAL

career day interview

Inaugural Domino Tournament

Scholarship Awards to children of construction workers

features 16

MORE INCENTIVES NEEDED TO FUEL SOLAR REVOLUTION

Wind giants rising off British shores

Vision of Jamaica’s Energy Sector 2009 – 2030

DECORATIVE CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY The Innovative Flooring Alternative

DAYLIGHTING: Another solar technology

Eat Your way to Prolonged Youth

EARTHQUAKES, NATURAL PHENOMENA, ADVERSITIES & OPPORTUNITIES.

RENEWABLE ENERGY EDITOR Rosemarie McHugh Thomas Editorial Advisers Gloria Fraser Arnold Aitken

Writers / Contributors Hon. Michael Henry Ambassador Pamela E. Bridgewater Hon. Pearnel Charles Don Wehby

Christine Stephens Paul Hay Kingsley Kennedy Shawn R Briscoe Graphic Design / Layout MD Studio Printers The Art Printery

Cover Artwork by: MD Studio Vol. 48 # 1, November 2011 IMAJ magazine is published once per year It is circulated to readers in the construction industry and affiliated industries. The articles represent the opinions of the writers and are not necessarily shared by the Association. Produced for the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica. 5 Oxford Park Avenue, Kingston 5. Telephone: 929-8580/926-8942.

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Editor’s Note....

Rosemarie McHugh Thomas Editor In this edition of the Magazine the construction industry theme is “Re-energizing the Construction Industry with Renewable Energy”. The industry has been hit by a tsunami of economic woes and challenges; which, have caused gross frustration and in most cases depression in the industry. The question then is: “Will the industry have sufficient energy to withstand this lengthy suffering?” Indications are that this industry is vital to the country’s economic development and its downfall in the last four (4) years has impacted grossly on employment, development and the country’s GDP. Ironically these woes have descended upon the industry just when it was poised to develop a regulatory framework that would foster competition and transparency and enhance environmental sustainability. We cannot be daunted, as there is hope for positive development; and while waiting we ought to examine ways we can utilise renewable energy. In this issue we look at recommended ways Jamaica can develop its energy policies; the partnership extended to us by the United States on our energy policy and how we can go about making it a reality. Private Sector guru, Don Wheby, points out the underutilization of energy utilities by our people: educator Paul Hay advises on the benefit of Daylighting methods in building. Also the 2030 plans on energy by the Ministry of Energy and Mining details how the government plans on embarking on energy conservation. The construction industry was implored to make the bold step in the implementation of energy conservation buildings, by fitting energy saving utilities. The purpose of this would be the long term impact - reduction in the country’s energy bill. The planning for Vision 2030 for Jamaica has taken place within the context of a global recession and as this unfolds, it is likely to affect reduction in the flow of direct investment, difficulty in sourcing financing, reduction in exports and a downturn in earnings from the tourist sector.

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Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

contributors contributors

Michael Henry 3 Hon. Pearnel Charles 5 Christine Stephens is man1 Hon. Minister of Transport and Works Minister of Labour & Social Security aging partner at Decor Spaces Company

Born in Macedonia, St. Ann. Education: West Indies College, City College of New York (Political Science). Author, Trade Unionist, Vice President Bustamante Industrial Trade Union. He served as KSAC Councillor from 1967 – 1976. He was a Senator from 1972 to 1980 and JLP Deputy Leader from 1972 to 1991. Mr. Charles served as Minister of Local Government and as Minister of Public Utilities during the period 1980-1993. Mr. Charles has served as Member of Parliament for the St. Thomas Eastern Region. He is a Seventh Day Adventist and married to Gloria Hanson. He has three sons and four daughters.

2 Ambassador Pamela Bridgewater was born in Freder-

icksburg, Virginia, the daughter of a bank teller and a jazz trumpeter. She has two degrees in Political Science, graduating with a BA from Virginia State University in 1968, and with the MA from the University of Cincinnati. Her career was initially in teaching, working at Maryland, Morgan State and Bowie State universities, and Voorhees College in South Carolina, before entering the U.S. Foreign Service in 1980. Between 1980 and 1990 she was posted as Vice-Consul to Brussels, and Labor Attaché/Political Officer in Kingston, Jamaica. Mrs Bridgewater was the longest serving diplomat in South Africa,posted as Political Officer at Pretoria from 1990 to 1993, and as the first African-American woman appointed Consul General at Durban, from 1993 to 1996. Here she worked with Nelson Mandela during the transition of South Africa from apartheid. From 1996 to 1999 she was Deputy Chief of Mission in Nassau, Bahamas. She was a member and president of the U.S. Department of State’s most prestigious professional development program, from 1999 to 2000, before serving as U.S. Ambassador to Benin from October 2000 to January 2003. Subsequently she was appointed U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary for African affairs where she managed the African bureau’s relationships with 16 countries in West Africa. She served as Diplomat-in-Residence at Howard University from September 2004 to May 2005. From June 2005 to July 2008 Mrs Bridgewater was the U.S. Ambassador to Ghana. The Ambassador took office in Jamaica on December 1, 2010.

Don Wehby

is Group Chief Executive Officer of GraceKennedy Limited. Mr. Wehby first joined GraceKennedy Ltd. in 1995 as Group Finance Manager. He was appointed Deputy Finance Director in 1997 and in that same year was appointed to the Board of Directors of GraceKennedy Ltd. The following year, he was appointed Group Chief Financial Officer and in 1999 undertook the additional role of Chief Operating Officer for the Financial Services Division. Under his leadership, GraceKennedy acquired 100% ownership of First Global Bank Ltd., now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In 2006, following the reorganisation of GraceKennedy he was appointed Deputy Chief Executive Officer, GraceKennedy Ltd. and Chief Executive Officer, GK Investments. In September 2007, Mr. Wehby resigned from his positions at GraceKennedy Ltd. and its Board of Directors to serve for two years as Government Senator and Minister without Portfolio in the Ministry of Finance and the Public Service. He was reappointed to the Board of Directors of GraceKennedy Ltd. on his return in October 2009. He holds both a Bachelor of Science (Hons.) and a Master of Science degree in Accounting from The University of the West Indies and has completed an Advanced Management College certificate course at Stanford University.

Limited, a construction, renovation and interior decorating firm. Décor Spaces provides unique designs and finishes for residential and commercial properties. She holds the masters Degree in Business Administration (MBA) from Florida International University and Certification from Interior Design Institute. Her Company partners with a Construction Engineer Company. In this issue Decor Spaces introduces Decorative Concrete Coating as the innovative flooring alternative.

66 Paul Hay is a Jamaican national,

the founder and current managing partner of PAUL HAY Capital Projects: a Caribbean project management consultancy, based in Kingston Jamaica. They provide strategic management and planning services to organizations interested in the planning, design, or construction of buildings in the English-speaking Caribbean. He is also a part-time lecturer of Building Services at the Caribbean School of Architecture (CSA), University of Technology.

7 Kingsley Kennedy

is a UK trained professional, and attained a Masters degree in Construction Engineering & Management. He has a long active affiliation with the IMAJ by way of a current Associated Membership. For over thirty years he has contributed to the development of Jamaica - in Education at University of Technology, - in the construction industry as a Constructor, and Project Manager-Engineer, having worked on major and minor construction projects all over the island.

Shawn R Briscoe

Is a registered and trained Professional Engineer who has over a decade of experience in electrical power systems. He is currently employed to FosRich Company Limited as a Lighting and Electrical Engineer with responsibility also for Energy efficient technologies. He is a graduate of the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Michael Henry was born in Spanish Town, St. Catherine and is the son of the late Lester Osmond Henry and Lucille Leon Henry. He is an Author/ Publisher by profession and is Chairman of Kingston Publishers Ltd. He is married with four children Education: Beckford & Smith and Ealing Technical College (U.K.) Civic Career: Kiwanis Club, Jamaica Library Service Board, Board of the Institute of Jamaica, Kingston Cricket Club and the Jamaica Motoring Club. Political Career: 1976 JLP candidate Central Clarendon 1980 – present M.P., Central Clarendon He also served as a Minister of State for Information, Minister of Tourism and Agriculture.

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NEWS & REVIEWS

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

US AMBASSADOR’S SPEECH FROM ANNUAL AWARDS BANQUET

(Read by: Isaiah Parnell, Deputy Chief of Mission for the United States Embassy in Kingston)

Ambassador Pamela E. Bridgewater

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Solar and hydropower, wind power, and biomass energy creation play important parts in this effort, as do promotion energy conservation and efficiency. Jamaica currently produces 39 megawatts of wind and much less than that in hydropower, so there remain some 225 megawatts that need to be created in a short time.

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President Hugh Burton, Vice President Gentle Wallace, other distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, good evening. I must say I was pleasantly surprised when I received an invitation from the Master Builders Association of Jamaica (IMAJ) inviting me to be their keynote Speaker. I asked myself what I know about Construction. Not to be daunted, I paused and thought about it. Saying maybe this opportunity should give me a chance to explore some ideas with an important sector of Jamaican Society. The need to define, educate, identify and ultimately use renewable sources of energy is necessary not only for Jamaica and the Caribbean, but for the United States of America and other major consumer nations around the world. It is a critical issue of our times. Let me therefore focus on what the United States is doing globally and regionally to promote cooperation in renewable energies. In the United States there are serious energy challenges as we have too long relied on fossil fuels exclusively. We are aware that our energy demands have grown exponentially over the past 30 years, and we are working hard to find green solutions – some of which Jamaica is considering. The most important objectives the United States would be embarking on are an international partnership which should promote renewable energy and sustainable development. To craft such a partnership, President Barack Obama has invited all democratically-elected governments to join the Energy and Climate Ministerial of the Americas, or ECPA, at the Summit of the Americas in April 2009. In the Caribbean, ECPA works to expand energy and climate cooperation through several initiative; namely to advance sustainable energy in the Caribbean, The US Department of State in collaboration with the Organization of American States (OAS) will support dialogue with Caribbean energy officials, institutions, and the private sector to explore Caribbean indigenous resources. The initiative will also provide legal and technical advice to governments considering new renewable projects. The United States Department of State has built four (4) new ‘Leadership in Energy

and Environmental Design,” or LEED certified embassies in the past four (4) years. These embassies have reduced water consumption by up to 30%, use on-site renewable energy for nearly 13% of their energy needs, and have increased overall energy efficiency by 42%. There are plans to construct more of these chanceries. Our embassy in Kingston has LEED components as well, including use of natural light, Compact Fluorescent Lamp lighting, and lowflow water system to conserve water. Challenges facing Jamaica and the efforts the United States are making in partnership with Jamaica: Jamaica’s National Energy Policy seeks to double the nation’s use of renewable energy resources by 2030, from 10% to 20% of total energy consumption. If the government is successful in meeting this goal, Jamaica would generate nearly 300 megawatts from renewable energy in the next two decades. This would be enough to power roughly 100,000 households annually, or more by some estimates. Solar and hydropower, wind power, and biomass energy creation play important parts in this effort, as do promotion energy conservation and efficiency. Jamaica currently produces 39 megawatts of wind and much less than that in hydropower, so there remain some 225 megawatts that need to be created in a short time. This is a very ambitious undertaking, and ambitious policies need to be backed by political will and action to bring them to fruition. I hope that 20 years from now this renewable energy policy meets its aim. Planning and regulatory initiatives will be of considerable importance in supporting these forward-looking policies and initiatives. Policy and legislation sometimes struggle to keep up with advancing technologies, but these are areas in which the private sector - including organizations like IMAJ - and the government can and should work closely. The United States Government will be partnering with the Jamaican government and Jamaican businesses to promote the development of renewable energy. The US Government has worked closely with the Ministry of Energy to develop a waste-to-energy project in Jamaica. The US. Embassy and

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011 the US Trade and Development Agency (USDTA) financed a visit for three Jamaican officials to visit waste-to-energy sites in the United States, and provided technical assistance to the Ministry of design waste-to-energy projects. In partnership with the U.S. Embassy and the Brazilian Embassy, the Organization of American States (OAS) is providing funding for technical assistance to develop a domestic bio-fuels program in Jamaica. These technical consultants are currently on the ground and have already provided prefeasibility studies to the Ministry of Energy. I hope this can be a launching pad for renewing our renewable energy endeavours.

awards bANQUET 2011

The United States applauds any progress that Jamaica may make toward accelerating regional development and deployment of renewable energy. The United States would like to enhance energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, support sustainable development and boost economic growth worldwide. The development of renewable energy sources will not only reduce dependence on imported oil, but can also provide new employment opportunities in a ‘green’ economy. Increased use of renewable energy will also result in lowering the level of air pollution, ensuring a smaller carbon footprint for Jamaica, and improved compliance with international conventions of climate change. Increased use of renewable energy could help reduce the cost per kilowatt of electricity, the high costs of which act as a serious impediment to future economic growth and investment in the island. I am excited by the possibilities of the US-Jamaican partnerships in renewable energies. The US mission stands ready to assist both the Jamaican government and organizations like IMAJ to identify experts who can share best practices and greening initiatives via digital videoconferences hosted at the embassy. I encourage IMAJ to make use of the physical collections and the more than 33 million electronic resources available in the embassy’s journals, and abstracts of feasibility studies. Pamela Bridgewater, US Ambassador March 5, 2011

Isaiah Parnell, Deputy Chief of Mission for the United States Embassy in Kingston delivers the US Ambassador’s address.

Awardees L-R John Valentine, General Manager Jamaica Premix; Ian Forbes, Managing Director Sherwin Williams; Sandals representative; Warren McDonald, Managing Director Berger Paints Ja. Ltd.; President of IMAJ, Hugh Burton; Alice Hyde, Marketing Manager, Caribbean Cement; Dr. Carolyn Hayle, Executive Director HEART Trust/NTA and Linton Snowball, Sales Manager Century Eslon Jamaica Ltd.

What can the IMAJ do to promote the use of renewable energy? The Masterbuilder’s Association represents all facets of public and private construction. IMAJ members are the builders of commercial and residential buildings, highways and other public projects; they have the capacity to promote and entrench a sustainable energy agenda within the government and its agencies. As the agent for the building industry, the Association must support projects such as the cleaning of rivers, anti-pollution campaigns and to educate future builders in new, sustainable technologies. I implore IMAJ to establish standards that require new construction in the public and private sectors to incorporate the use of solar and other renewable energies. IMAJ members can integrate renewable energy in building designs and physical planning processes. The National Housing Trust has a loan program which offers financial incentives for solar energy which I hope many builders will be able to tap into in the near future.

NEWS & REVIEWS

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NEWS & REVIEWS

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

ExCerPts from Speech BY THE MINISTER OF TRANSPORT & WORKS It is with great pleasure that I was asked to address the gathering at the Masterbuilders Association’s Annual Dinner. After having made the Observer’s editorial cartoon earlier in the week, with the cartoon calling into question the capacity of local contractors to do major projects, I definitely need to speak very clearly in defence of local builders, and about the Ministry and the Government’s thrust to boost the capacity of the local construction sector.

the Export Import Bank of China. The amount being made available is US$400 million (approximately J$36 billion), and this will facilitate much-needed work on the island’s network of roads, bridges and drains. Note that parochial as well as main roads will be addressed under this programme.

There were days not too long ago when major construction projects across the island would be dominated by overseas contractors. Whether it was Port or Airport expansion, highway construction, big bridge construction or otherwise; once the size and complexity of the projects were at certain levels, people had to come and get it done for us. But over time and with a sharp change in direction, things started taking a different turn. When I got into office as the Transport and Works Minister in September 2007, it did not take me long to recognise the need for, and the opportunity present, in terms of fostering broader capacity among our local contractors to enable them to qualify for and effectively compete for the big jobs locally. The thrust has been to get more qualified grade one contractors into the system and, of course, fostering their development to not only serve the national needs, but to also hit the regional stage. Such major upgrading and gradual exportability at the top, naturally fosters the same positive movement through the various stages below, which spells good overall for the local construction sector and more job opportunities for our people. To successfully compete against the established global players, local firms not only have to develop the required expertise to efficiently implement major projects, but also the organisational capacity and logistical support to, for example, meet very stringent financial obligations to help developers, whether entities or governments, to secure the required international funding. So it’s about being technically equipped and having an adequate outlay and support base. These days, top contractors have to be able to meet obligations like bond requirements necessary to effectively match and outdo the bids of overseas competitors.

Hon. Michael ‘Mike’ Henry

Minister of Transport and Works spite the general difficulty in accessing international funding at reasonable rates, this administration has done what we were told was pretty much impossible. We have not only been defying the odds in terms of sourcing low-cost funding, but importantly, we have been channelling such funding in the best long-term interest of the country. I won’t get into the details, only to say to you that my recent visit to China netted commitments for major funding for some key work programmes across the island, in fulfillment of your theme which you no doubt developed months ago, all on your own, with no input from me. In concert with your own collective thinking as a responsible and forward-thinking organisation, the Government is focussing on the broad upgrading and development of the national infrastructure as the key to the country’s economic recovery – your very own theme. For example, the Jamaica Road Development Infrastructure Programme is the largest, most comprehensive single infrastructure programme to be implemented in Jamaica, and will be critical to our national development and prosperity.

Importantly, it is all being done now, and on my urging, will be done more and more right here in Jamaica.

It represents a major undertaking by the Government of Jamaica to significantly improve the island’s road network to enhance the quality of life of its citizens and stimulate economic development. The programme is planned over five (5) years, commencing shortly, and ending in 2015.

Ladies and gentlemen, your theme this year is most appropriate. ‘Construction – the key to Economic Recovery’ is fully reflective of the thrust of the Government in this time of global economic challenges. De-

The realisation of this programme was achieved through an innovative partnership arrangement between the Government of Jamaica and the Government of China, which has provided funding through

In summary, the programmer will facilitate: • Increased driver comfort along the roads • Improved road safety • Increase capacity of roads to handle vehicular volume • Improved traffic management in town/city centres • Rehabilitation of approximately 300km of parochial roads • Rehabilitation of approximately 270km of main roads • Better periodic maintenance of roads In respect of another critical Chinese-funded project, the Palisadoes Peninsula Shoreline Protection and Rehabilitation Programme, a total of 4,375 metres (approx. 4.38 kilometres) of the roadway will be widened by a minimum of eight metres, to a maximum of 12 metres in some sections, to accommodate an increase in the existing number of driving lanes from two lanes to four lanes. This is in anticipation of the prospect of future development of Port Royal and the Norman Manley International Airport. In addition, the road will be raised from its existing levels of 0.6 – 1.0 metre, to 2.4 - 3.2 metres above sea level. The new design also includes: • Additional Rock Revetment works along 3,601 metres (approx. 3.6 kilometres) of the harbour side; • Drainage facilities along the roadway at the Caribbean Sea side to enhance social benefits, such as facilitating walking and jogging on either side of the roadway and cycling on one side. • A lay-by with bench along the roadway, as well as eighteen (18) solar-powered street lamps placed at 200 metres apart along the harbour side. • And in case it is thought that in our development focus we have simply been following the leads of groups like yours, then we would have been following such leads for quite some time. This is because of the number of major infrastructural projects that are now completed and slated for official opening and commissioning across the island as part of what I am now boldly declaring to be ‘OUR THEME’ – ‘Construction – the key to Economic Recovery’.

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

NEWS & REVIEWS

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011 First we go to bridges: From Waterloo Road in St. Andrew, to Springfield in South West Clarendon, Fairfield in St. James, to Green Island in Hanover, are newly constructed bridges waiting to be officially opened. At the same time we are about to sign a contract for the construction of the four-lane Dry River Bridge at Harbour View, St. Andrew, to replace the two-lane bridge that collapsed there during the passage of Tropical Storm Gustav in August 2007.

In St. Thomas, we just signed a contract for continued river training works for the Yallahs River, and further out at Roselle, a major project is ongoing in respect of necessary sea defence works. In the second city, Montego Bay, work is ongoing on the expansion of the Bogue Main Road, a major gateway in and out of the city, into a six-lane facility, from the present two lanes, which have long had a bottle-neck effect on the flow of traffic into and out of the city. Then in the very heart of Montego Bay, the National Works Agency, with support from other public sector partners, recently mounted all of 22 signalised (traffic

But with all good things usually come some undesirable bits of unnecessary challenge. I say this in respect to the new challenges being presently encountered with geotechnical studies which were not adequately done in respect of the increasingly mysterious Mount Rosser leg of the Highway 2000 network. When you decide that you are going to start construction in the middle of a highway, close to home, so to speak, and you are hell-bent on running with it at all cost, it is not surprising that the project later runs into multiple roadblocks. I had inherited a project which was supposed to be all systems go, but every time things are looking up, something that was not done properly surfaces, no doubt because of the haste and personal expediency which obviously dictated both the pace and policy of someone before my time. Suffice it to say, new problems have emerged with the Mount Rosser project, this after extensive and costly efforts were considered to remedy the untidy situation which we inherited. Likewise, we are presently experiencing extensive challenges along Segment Three of the North Coast Highway running from

Ocho Rios to Port Antonio. The project, which was designed and implemented by overseas contractors, was stretched way too thinly to ensure it reached Port Antonio. In focussing almost entirely on the roadway itself, and not the supporting infrastructure, based on the then governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s directive, the project has made numerous homeowners along the way worse off as a result of the new roads being in place. For example, water is now being routinely dumped in their yards from the roadway.

To correct these emerging design problems will cost the country some US$60 million more, all because of mismanagement in the first place. I have given you dosages of both the good and bad in respect of the construction sector. Importantly though, I have completely accepted, endorsed and claim as my own, your theme this year. Hence all I am left to do is congratulate you as individuals, and the organisation on a whole, for the spirited focus that your theme demonstrates, which no doubt emerged from the cohesive, careful and productive thinking that is expected of a masterful organisation, acting in the best interest of our beloved country. Michael Henry, Minister of Transport & Works March 6, 2010

Recently, we broke ground for the expansion of the Washington Boulevard corridor in St. Andrew, with a six-lane facility running from the Molynes Road intersection to the Dunrobin Avenue/Constant Spring Road intersection.

lights) intersections to regulate the once chaotic flow of traffic in the city centre. Complementing that project is a surveillance apparatus for both traffic regulation and public order purposes, something which is gradually becoming a staple diet across the country.

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Profile

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

STAFF OF The SecretAriat

Oreta Brooks, Acting Secretary/Manager

Pervis Rogers, Technical Coordinator (Part-Time)

Tamra Grant, Administrative

Ms. Oreta Brooks has been a member of the Secretariat since 1993. During this time she has excelled by furthering her studies and has worked her way from Clerk to the Acting Secretary/Manager. She is presently pursuing her BSc in Business Administration with Accounting and Finance Major at the University College of the Caribbean (UCC). Oreta may be regarded as the “heartbeat” of the Association, as she carries out her tasks diligently. She has served under seven Presidents and continues to move forward with the Association despite the challenges. Her hobbies are cooking and baking.

Pervis Rogers joined the staff in 2005 as a Technical Coordinator in the Resource Centre. He brought to the Association many years of experience in the Construction and Architecture field. He holds a diploma in Construction Technology from Conestoga College of Applied Arts & Technology in Canada. His role is to interact with the Public on matters pertaining to construction; for instance, giving advice to home owners who are doing addition to their homes, and advice to technical schools and HEART students who wish to do a career in Construction industry. He acts as mediator to some construction workers who may have problems with their employers, in particular wage claims. Mr. Rogers has one daughter and he enjoys watching cricket and listening to music.

Miss Tamara Grant joined the IMAJ staff on August 15, 2011 as an Administrative Assistant. She graduated from the University of the West Indies in 2010 with the B.Ed in Primary Education. Her hobbies are: reading, photography and travelling.

Natasha Duncan, Clerical Assistant Ms. Natasha Duncan is the Clerical Assistant at the Secretariat since 2007. She is a past student of St. Catherine High School. Her responsibility includes maintaining and reporting on the tenants’ accounts. She worked along with the Editor on the magazine by soliciting and marketing the Association’s products. She is the mother of two children. Her hobbies are playing netball and listening to music.

Assistant

Lavern Scarlett, Office Attendant

Michelle Emanuel, Part-time Accountant

Miss Scarlett is one of the longest serving staff members at the Secretariat. With 29 years at the Association she has watched the growth and development of the Association, hence it was not surprising when she expressed joy and a great sense of pride in working with the IMAJ. She is a past student of Denham Town High School. Her hobbies are singing, sewing, cooking and baking.

Mrs. Michelle Emanuel has been a part-time Accountant at the Secretariat since 2003. She has been seconded from Coopers & Associates Ltd. With twenty-three (23) years’ experience in the accounting field, she brings to the Association a wealth of experience. She has a certificate in Management and the BSc Accounts from UWI. The mother of two daughters, her hobbies are reading and listening to music.

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

news and reviews

Incorporated Masterbuilders Association Annual General Meeting held on February 1, 2011

Mr. Burton thanked members for the confidence shown in electing him as President of the Association. Special thanks were expressed to Immediate Past President Raymond Cooper for his support and coaching which should help him to prepare for the challenges ahead.

He said that he was aware of a number of outstanding issues that must be taken up as soon as he his feet hit the ground. Some of these being: the Contractors Levy, issue of Bonding, the Lien Law, implementation of a Construction Industry Policy, the NCC Re-registration policy. He added that an early meeting must be set to attack some of the problems being experienced on these issues, also the invasion of the Chinese Contractors on the island. Mr. Burton disclosed to the meeting that the JIC negotiations were about to be concluded and that members would be notified accordingly. He also informed the meeting that the Association had been advised that the Government is seeking to unilaterally

(L-R Mr. Calman Barrett, 2nd Vice President, Mr. Hugh Burton, President and Mr. Gentle Wallace, 1st Vice President)

impose a new form of Contract Document. This matter, he said, would be investigated as such a move would be less favourable to the contractors. In closing he appealed to members to serve on the various Committees and looked forward to their full support and cooperation. The following members were elected to serve on the Executive Council: (Messrs.) Milton Baker Courtney Costley Ken Cole Jassel Dunstan Jerome Gayle Humphrey Taylor (Mrs.) Rosemarie McHugh. Thomas

Lavada Carruthers’ sojourn at IMAJ came to an end on Friday August 15, 2011, having served the Association for 4 ½ years as Secretary Manager. She has made an indelible impact on the Association with restructuring and marketing. She will be truly missed. Not to worry, she is just ‘next door’ and is willing to offer assistance to the Association if needs be.

At the Annual General Meeting of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica the Officers for the year 2011 - 2012 were elected. Twenty seven (27) members attended the meeting, representing twenty six (26) companies. Mr. Hugh Burton was elected unopposed as President; he is the twenty-third President of the Association since. Mr. Gentle Wallace was elected 1st Vice President and Mr. Calman Barrett as 2nd Vice President.

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news and reviews

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

EXcERPT FROM THE IMAJ PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS AT THE 2011 AWARDS BANQUET I am deeply honoured and humbled by the expression of confidence that the members of the Association have bestowed upon me to serve as president. As I accept this responsibility, I would like to acknowledge the tremendous assistance I received from the immediate past president, Mr. Raymond Cooper while understudying him. Commendation must be extended to the previous past presidents of the Association for their exemplary stewardship and distinguished leadership over the years. This year 2011 has been approached with much anxiety with the continued global recession that has affected not just the construction sector but the entire country. We at IMAJ have our part to play as a cornerstone institution within our nation. We represent a sector that employs over 200,000 persons and contributes approximately 10% of GDP. Our theme this year is “Re-energizing the Construction Industry with Renewable Energy” hence we intend to renew our efforts and work with the government to have the Construction Policy become a reality. We have invested many long hours and have had many industry-wide meetings on this policy. Education As we focus on education, we will continue with renewed energy to work with HEART Trust/NTA to ensure the continuity of certification of our work force to international standards. In addition to the University of Technology (UTech) there are other institutions that are now offering courses in construction. This is a significant improvement in recognition of the industry, and we at IMAJ have established links with these institutions and have offered scholarships. The Association’s Resource Center has been running courses, with the most recent one being Blueprint Reading, and we intend to offer this course to High School students during summer holidays. Over the years, the IMAJ has made sterling contribution to education and training, and with the able assistance of some organizations who have been loyal with their contribution we are proud to recognize some of them tonight. Through our successful scholarship programme which started in 2004, hundreds of Jamaican school children have benefited, both from

Change in Policies In re-energizing the industry, the IMAJ wants to see the government policies that will make life simpler for the contractors to avoid haemorrhage in the industry. In an environment where TCC is required for both NCC registration and contract award, we would like to see: 1. Revision of the Contractors Levy whereby the unused portion be carried forward, for instance, some could be used against statutory deductions.

Mr. Hugh Burton, President IMAJ the rural and corporate area schools. The programme is now being re-energized and this year we hope to provide scholarships and grants to the tune of one million dollars. We thank those persons who have worked with us over the years and use this opportunity to invite contractors and other private organization to join us in our efforts. Please rest assured that this effort is worth every cent that is contributed. The National Contracts Commission Policy & Employment in the Sector. Recent report showed that PIOJ states that the economy continues to decline and the statistics show that unemployment rates are increasing, indeed this is not comforting. Another major part of our concern at this point is the re-registration process that the National Contracts Commission (NCC) has instituted. Contractors are questioning the need for this additional process. Applications for re-registration are now taking an inordinate amount of time to be processed and we are concerned that this will cause hindrance to contractors. Work contracts occupied 52% of NCC endorsed contracts in 2009 yet in the Office of the Contractor General’s 2009 Annual Report they stated that “In light of the downturn in the construction industry, works contracts which had consistently accounted for the majority of NCC endorsed contracts over the years, has experienced significant reductions in 2009.” I remind the Minister that the government is the major employer of contractors; hence they ought to find ways to jump start the industry this year. So with renewed energy, we will continue to work with government to address industry issues.

2. The enactment of a Lien Law Legislation to protect local contractors who work as sub-contractors. 3. Put in legislation where all foreign contractors coming to work in Jamaica, be registered with the Ministry of Labour or the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association; put up a Bond payment. 4. Assistance in the procurement of Bonds for the local industry, which is currently being strangled by the unavailability of affordable bonds. This is due to the high cost of bonds and levels of collateral, a major concern. 5. The implementation of the construction Industry Policy. The necessary process to implement this policy should bring about radical changes and continuous improvement in the way the construction industry operates. The Association has grappled with these issues for decades and we are determined to find a workable solution. The Way Forward These are difficult times. The construction industry continues to show a decline in activity. We need to put a plug on this decline and come to the realization that construction is the key to economic development. We must, like other countries around the world, see construction as a catalyst to development. This industry employs a large majority of persons who would normally be considered unemployable in many other industries. We enjoy a very good partnership with the Trade Commission at the Canadian High Commission and have been given the opportunity to participate in Trade Shows and Seminars that have benefited the MemberContinued on page 14

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

O N T I M E O N B U D G E T O N T A R G E T Scotiabank Group Financial Centre 132 Constant Spring Road, Kingston 8

O N T O P O F I T Tri-Star Engineering Co. Ltd. Building & Civil Engineering Contractors 9 Saxthorpe Avenue, Kingston 8, Jamaica, W.I. Tel: [876] 925-6523, 925-4759, 925-4116, Fax: [876] 924-0657 email: tristar@cwjamaica.com

news and reviews

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

Continued from page 12

EXCERPT FROM THE IMAJ PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS AT THE 2011 AWARDS BANQUET Cont’d

ship of the Association. IMAJ intends to forge partnerships with the US Embassy so that our local contractors and our counterparts in the US can establish meaningful relationships that will enhance the growth of the local industry. IMAJ recognizes the global trend towards renewable energy and will be pursuing this alternative source in earnest as we strive to reenergize the industry. Renewable energy is currently an important global issue and will remain so for the foreseeable future due to the decline in fossil fuel

reserves and high economic and environmental costs. We note however, that this new global resurgence and growth in the alternative and renewable energy sector poses new challenges and requires technical and professional expertise. I have seen where the United Kingdom government has suggested taking the use of renewable energy into account when plans for new housing developments are being considered. The Housing Corporation in Canada has also done extensive work in this area. We look forward to similar

initiatives here in Jamaica followed by the facilitation of funding opportunities. President’s Award A feature of our Annual Banquet is the President’s Award where we award nonbuilders for their contribution to the construction industry. Over the years, individual and collective contribution to nation building has not been limited to building and civil works. Some have chosen to use education and training as their vehicle for altruism. I congratulate our worthy awardees who have given so much for the development of our young minds and for the development of the industry and the nation. We urge you to continue the good work for the betterment of our country. Hugh Burton, IMAJ President

construction jokes!!!! Mitch is working at the site, pushing a plank through the buzz saw, when he accidentally shears off all ten of his fingers. He manages to drive himself to the nearest hospital’s emergency room. The doctor takes one look at Mitch’s bloody stumps and says, “Oh my gosh, reattachment surgery on so many lost digits has never been attempted before! But don’t worry, I’m the best surgeon in the hospital, give me the fingers, and we’ll get to work.” Mitch says, “I haven’t got the fingers.” The doctor looks flabbergasted. “What do you mean, you haven’t got the fingers? It’s the 21st century! We’ve got microsurgery and all kinds of incredible techniques. I could have put them back on and made you like new. Why didn’t you bring in the fingers??” Mitch says, “Well, Doc, I couldn’t exactly pick the freaking things up!”

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

news and reviews

EXCERPTS FROM SPEECH BY THE MINISTER OF LABOUR & SOCIAL SECURITY AT THE LAUNCH OF the construction SAFETY MANUAL

Hon. Pearnel Charles

Minister of Labour & Social Security

I am indeed happy to be here on this significant occasion to launch the Safety Manual for the Building and Construction industry. This manual is timely. It speaks specifically to the protection of workers, placing the responsibility of safety in both the hands of the worker and the employer. We must curb the incidents of injuries by ensuring that workers are provided the necessary safety gears. Workers must take the initiative to wear safety gears and where they are not provided, demand them. Safety at the workplace cannot be over emphasized. We know that many of our workers are exposed to sustained risk in their daily operations. Adaptation of safety measures ensures safety of the worker’s life. We must begin to see safety at the workplace as a core value of the labour market. There is urgency for much more to be done by the construction industry to prevent the rising trend in the number of fatal accidents. Like other countries throughout the world, the construction industry continues to be among the most hazardous workplaces in Jamaica. In 2008 the Ministry of Labour and Social Security through its Occupational Safety and Health Department inspected 262 buildings compared to 258 in 2009. There were 48 accidents and 3 fatalities in 2008 and 3 accidents in 2009. We note the reduction in accidents in 2009 and must give thanks that there were no fatalities in that year; and so we must continue to work assiduously to minimize this possibility.

THE JOINT INDUSTRIAL COUNCIL FOR THE BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY INCORPORATED MASTERBUILDERS ASSOCIATION OF JAMAICA BUSTAMANTE INDUSTRIAL TRADE UNION

National Workers Union

trades union congress

Jamaica takes the safety of workers seriously and as such relies on the Factories Act and in particular the Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction (BOWEC) Regulations, as legislations providing the standard for safety and health on construction sites. Progress is being made in respect of the new Occupational Safety and Health Bill which is to replace the Factories Act. Under this Act, updated OSH Laws and regulations to govern Construction works will be promulgated. This will have far reaching impact on the provisions for OSH on construction sites in Jamaica. The Ministry of Labour and Social Security is looking forward to working with the organizations representing both the industry and the workers to compliance and ensure success in this matter.

SAFETY MANUAL

Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica

The Safety Manual is available at the IMAJ Office at a cost of $150 each. The purchase of 10 copies or more will cost $100 each.

While the Ministry of Labour and Social Security makes regular visits to construction sites, it behoves everyone to conduct their own audits. This will help to ensure that all the components of the safety management system are in place and provides the opportunity to carry out evaluations. I would like to stress that investments in measures to enhance safety standards in the workplace will yield high returns. First, it will demonstrate the company’s serious care and concern for its workers’ well being. This will raise workers’ morale and confidence in the company, thereby strengthening their loyalty to the company. Pearnel Charles Minister of Labour & Social Security March 16,2010

Recognizing the need for public education and appreciation of the issues, our Occupational Health and Safety Department in 2007 launched an OSH Blitz in the construction industry to heighten awareness and clean up the breaches . Over 20 construction sites were cited for serious breaches and over 1000 minor infractions were identified and addressed.

We have partnered with the industry and provided consultation for the formulation of the manual being launched here today. We believe that the document has the scope to help the industry score high levels of safety and be numbered as one of the best in the world.

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Feature

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

MORE INCENTIVES NEEDED TO FUEL SOLAR REVOLUTION Bill Clinton reinvigorated the public discourse on the use of renewable energy in Jamaica. Solar energy, of which Jamaica is in abundant supply, is particularly important if we are to diversify away from imported sources of energy and become energy selfsufficient. While much has been said about solar electricity over the past few years, actual usage has been slow to spread due to the large initial investment required and the scarce availability of financial incentives. It currently costs somewhere between J$2 million to J$3 million to fully equip a threebedroom house with solar-generated power. This puts solar systems out of the reach of the majority of Jamaican homeowners. Although the upfront expenditure is burdensome, solar panels have a life span of 25 years or more and a minimum battery life of 7 years. They are built to withstand 125 miles per hour winds and will start losing power after about three days of overcast conditions. The payback period for solar investments is typically 6-8 years and can be sooner depending on rising fuel costs, taxes on electricity (currently 10% GCT in Jamaica) and foreign exchange movements. Despite these benefits, there are few incentives to invest in solar technology in Jamaica.

Current Incentives Currently, solar systems (including panels, batteries and inverters) are exempt from GCT and import duties. The National Housing Trust (NHT) also offers low-interest “solar panel loans” of up to J$1.5 million for individual applicants and J$3 million for coapplicants. The interest rate ranges from 1% to 7% (depending on your weekly income) with a repayment period of 15 years. The NHT also offers a solar water heater loan of up to J$250,000 at 3% for 5 years. These loan options should be more aggressively marketed so that more Jamaicans are aware of their existence. On the commercial side, the Export-Import Bank has implemented a special credit line for manufacturers and agro-processors to establish alternative energy systems at relatively low interest rates. While these incentives are commendable, they are not enough to fuel a solar energy revolution in Jamaica. In fact, Barbados

•

An individual owner of residential property who spends, inter alia, on energy saving or water-saving devices is entitled to a maximum deduction from yearly taxable income of up to J$1,000,000.

•

Up to J$250,000 can be deducted for expenditure related to a home energy audit and the purchase of any conservation materials or systems recommended in that audit. A home energy audit is defined as an evaluation by an authorized energy auditor of the energy consumption in a household to determine ways in which energy can be conserved.

•

Up to J$750,000 can be deducted for expenditure on the purchase or installation of “environmentally preferred products”. Environmentally preferred products means products that cause significantly less harm to human health or to the environment than alternative products that serve the same purpose; or products, the consumption of which contributes significantly to the preservation of the environment.

Don Wehby, Group CEO, GraceKennedy Ltd. is the leader in the Caribbean in terms of structuring incentives to drive renewable energy adoption. Homeowners receive significant income tax deductions for investing in systems and equipment that make their homes more energy-efficient and/or generate electricity from renewable sources.

Jamaica’s energy costs are among the most expensive in the world – with adverse effects on our standard of living and productive capacity. Let us use the reinvigorated public discussion to effect real change in how we incentivize renewable energy use. Proposed Incentives I recommend that the following provisions be added to Jamaica’s income tax code to encourage solar energy adoption amongst both commercial and residential property owners:

A tax policy for commercial enterprises should also be implemented based on the following guidelines: • Up to 30% of the capital cost of investing in renewable energy technologies can be deducted from profit before tax, with a maximum claim of J$20 million. •

Accelerated depreciation on qualifying environmentally preferred assets – for example, depreciation of up to 50% of the asset in one year.

These tax incentives will drive adoption of solar technology at both the residential and commercial levels, helping to move Jamaica towards becoming self-sufficient in energy.

Net metering has a role Finally, we need to reach a consensus with the domestic power company on the issue of net metering. Net metering allows an electricity customer’s meter to run backwards if the electricity he or she generates is greater than that consumed, effectively continued on page 18

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

‘International News’

Wind giants rising off British shores The statistics are astounding, the gigantic scale of some of the world’s largest wind turbines hard to comprehend - even when you’re close enough to touch. Each blade of the latest turbines to be installed in British waters stretches for a staggering 60 metres - that’s slightly longer than the entire wingspan of a Boeing 747 jumbo jet.

Thirty of them, constructed for the Swedish power company Vattenfall, are being installed in the Irish Sea off the coast of Cumbria.

1,000MW.

Starting at the razor-sharp tip of one of the blades, where it is thinnest, the impression is of a slender wing - seemingly too delicate to endure the brutal storms of the ocean. But the closer you get to the hub, the sturdier the blade becomes, even resembling the hull of some sizeable vessel.

Future plans At the moment, price is the great weakness of offshore wind. Right now, it’s the most expensive means of generating electricity, costlier even than nuclear.

Each designed to generate 5 MW of electricity, these leviathans have nearly twice the output of earlier models - part of a trend in this fledgling industry of gradually increasing size. The new wind farm, known as Ormonde, stands off the coast near Barrow-in-Furness.

This is the newest of a dozen offshore wind farms around the UK, a key part of the government’s plans to use green energy to try to meet tough targets for cutting carbon emissions.

The logic of planting turbines out at sea is that the winds are usually stronger than on land - and there are fewer people likely to object. But the challenge of fixing foundations to the seabed and then constructing and maintaining these structures means the bill is huge - this one wind farm is costing £500m.

Blade power Built by the German firm REpower, the massive components were prepared for assembly on the

And its total power output - when the wind blows - is due to be 150 MW. By comparison, a conventionally-powered gas or coal station might produce

The power companies earn an attractive subsidy for power produced this way but the costs will find their way on to household bills and critics warn that this could make offshore wind highly unpopular. The government hopes that prices will fall as technology advances and it wants thousands of turbines to be installed in the waters around Britain in the next decade. Current plans call for 18,000 MW of offshore wind capacity by the year 2020 - that would amount to roughly a quarter of the country’s entire electricity output. Business figures say it is just about feasible to meet that target, but only with a surge in production, and with the political will to support it. continued on page 18

The massive rotor is about the same size as the London Eye and, if laid on the ground, would cover most of two football pitches. The towers that hold the blades aloft are about 100 metres high, which makes them taller than Big Ben.

quayside at the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast.

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Feature / news continued from page 16

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

MORE INCENTIVES NEEDED TO FUEL SOLAR REVOLUTION cont’d

banking the electricity until it is needed by the customer. This provides the customer with full retail value for all the electricity produced and is used in over 30 states in the U.S. and widely throughout Europe. Under Jamaica’s proposed net billing policy, an additional meter will have to be installed at the customer’s expense, and a much lower “avoided cost” value is placed on surplus electricity despite it being generated in a more environmentally sustainable way. This is a financial disincentive. Net metering will make the payback period on deploying solar technology shorter and is a mat-

ter of priority if we are truly serious about energy self-sufficiency. At approximately JMD 25 per kWh of electricity, Jamaica’s energy costs are among the most expensive in the world – with adverse effects on our standard of living and productive capacity. Let us use the reinvigorated public discussion to effect real change in how we incentivize renewable energy use. Don Webhy, Group Chief Executive Officer Grace Kennedy Ltd.

continued from page 17

Wind giants rising off British shores cont’d My impression is that, as with any new industry, experience reveals how some components and building techniques work better than others, and how people are keen to adapt. Skill requirements In Belfast, the Harland & Wolff shipyard made the switch from constructing vessels to handling wind turbines. Hundreds of people are acquiring the climbing skills needed to work on turbines - our team had to go through a training course on working at heights, designed by the wind industry, before embarking on this assignment. The big unknown is whether plans for really massive offshore wind farms, the so-called Round Three projects, will go ahead. These are slated to

international news

be on a world-beating scale, forests of giant turbines standing in deeper waters, but at the eye-watering cost of well over £100bn. Ministers argue that this will create thousands of new green jobs, cut emissions, reduce our dependence on foreign fuel and take advantage of being an island nation blessed with plenty of windy ocean. Love them or hate them - turbines are sprouting up in a seascape somewhere near you. The question, as energy bills rise, is whether they are the right solution for Britain’s consumers. Source: BBC International World News Website, August 15,2011

career day interview IMAJ Technical Coordinator, Pervis Rogers continues to visit high schools to give Careers’ Day talks. Here he is conducting a mock interview with a senior student at the St. Thomas Technical High School. Below, other students observe the interview.

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

Feature

Vision of Jamaica’s Energy Sector 2009 – 2030 ‘A modern, efficient, diversified and environmentally sustainable energy sector providing affordable and accessible energy supplies with long-term energy security and supported by informed public behaviour on energy issues and an appropriate policy, regulatory and institutional framework’

1. An energy sector that provides affordable energy supplies to all consumers throughout Jamaica with the capacity to meet long-term growth in demand; and one that contributes to the international competitiveness of the productive sectors of the economy. 2. An energy sector that is supported by greater awareness by the Jamaican public of the importance of energy and its use in their daily lives and the contribution that each can make to the responsible and efficient use of this vital commodity 3. An energy sector that is focused on the modernization and expansion of the energy infrastructure (e.g. generation, transmission and distribution systems) to ensure safety, affordability, reliability and competitive advantage

9. An energy sector that possesses the flexibility and creativity to adopt and adapt to new and appropriate energy technologies (such as fuel cells, small nuclear plants) that may emerge over the long-term 10. An energy sector with an appropriate institutional framework to support and facilitate the effective implementation of the policy supported by all relevant stakeholders, including the public and private sectors, educational institutions as well as non-governmental and community based organizations. The institutional framework will include among others: mechanisms for improved coordination and organization between and within energy agencies; capacity building to face the challenges regarding fossil fuel supplies and costs. Source: Green Paper presented by Ministry of Energy & Mining in May 2011

4. An energy sector that is driven by private sector investment within a policy and regulatory framework that fosters investments, competition, efficiency, a level playing field and transparency; 5. An energy sector that provides long-term energy security to producers and consumers in Jamaica, including security of supply and, to the fullest extent possible, long-term price stability; 6. An energy sector supported by databases that are accurate and precise to enable analysis, forecasting and overall management of the sector, especially information related to the transportation sector; 7. An energy sector that is environmentally sustainable with significantly increased use of economically viable renewable energy sources

construction jokes!!!!

Union Estate, Twickenham Park, St. Catherine, 2010

A plumber attended to a leaking faucet at the neurosurgeon’s house. After a two-minute job the plumber demanded US$150. The neurosurgeon exclaimed, ‘I don’t charge this amount even though I am a surgeon.” The plumber replied, “I didn’t either, when I was a surgeon. That’s why I became a plumber.”

The long-term strategic vision is built on ten (10) fundamental elements as follows:

8. An energy sector that reflects a sustained improvement in the ways in which energy is used, through greater energy efficiency, reduced energy intensity and better energy conservation and management;

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feature

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

DECORATIVE CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

The Innovative Flooring Alternative !

Constructing and maintaining an attractive floor has always been a major factor for both residential and commercial properties. Until recently, it has always been a task to achieve the best option through the use of Tiles, Carpets, Vinyl and Hardwood. However, resurfacing solid concrete areas (floors and walls) with colour, texture and design through the use of special concrete coatings and stains, dramatically enhances the appearance and value of a home or business. Depending on the manufacturer, decorative concrete coatings provide a wealth of advantages which include: High Durability (excellent for high traffic areas), Easy Application, Inexpensive Maintenance, Seamless coatings without grout lines, Stains and Skin coats are thin (yet strong), Endless Versatility with styles and colours, Natural Textures and Patterns, Interior and Exterior surfaces, easily repaired if damaged, Waterproofing Technology (eg. leaking slab roofs). The Stardek Waterproofing Technique is certainly one of the most lasting solutions for leaking slabs, pools, water tanks and boats, in a range of colours while boasting a 10-year warranty. With the use of exceptional products, concrete coatings further add functionality and beauty to 95 an environment. These products may be applied to various types of concrete surfaces such as 75 driveways, walkways, patios, pool decks, walls, counter-tops, interior floors and loading docks.

100

Construction Renovation Interior Decorating • Decorative Concrete Coating & Acid Stains for Floors, Driveways, Walls, etc. • Architectural Drawings • Kitchen & Bathroom Design • Grillwork Design & Fabrication

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• Wood Furniture Design & Fabrication • Crown Flex Rubberized Non-Skid Coating

Décor Spaces continues to make remarkable impressions in Jamaica, through the use of Stardek 5 Decorative Concrete Coatings based in Tampa, Florida, a world leading manufacturer in the in0 dustry. This decorative product is finding favours among users locally where its brilliant finishes may be seen at Usain Bolt’s Tracks and Records Restaurant as well as at several hotels and other commercial and residential locations throughout the island. Stardek’s coatings have been used at thousands of residential and commercial properties internationally such as Walt Disney World 100 and Sea World. 25

Property owners and Contractors should grasp the option of using this new and innovative flooring technique, as it is arguably the best alternative when resurfacing concrete areas.

• Decorative Faux Finishes • Distributors of DOCOL Faucets

Tel: 876-925-2761 Mobile: 876-477-5916 Fax: 876-969-8237 Email: moreinfo@decorspaces.com Website: www.decorspaces.com

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Shop#15, 24 Dunrobin Avenue Kingston 10, Jamaica W.I.

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

Feature

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

DAYLIGHTING:

Another solar technology

By: Paul Hay

It is the common consensus that Jamaica should utilize more solar energy than we presently do. However, photovoltaic (PV) panels and solar water heaters are not the only solar technology that is available. Another technology is daylighting: the use of natural lighting as a substitute for electric lighting, when environmental conditions permit; which is most of the time in a climate like ours. You may not have heard of it, but you do realize that natural light was used to illuminate buildings before the advent of electricity. In fact, Jamaica’s original Energy Efficiency Building Code [EEBC-94], drafted as far back as 1994, includes provisions for the use of daylighting to conserve energy and even has guidelines for its installation. So what are the benefits of using daylighting? Studies undertaken for the drafting of EEBC-94 revealed that 20% savings of an office building’s total energy use is possible; the result of a 60% saving in energy use for electric lighting. Peak cooling load is also reduced by 15%; which means smaller air condition units can be used, with corresponding reduction of installation costs. The value of buildings using daylighting is generally higher; and the productivity of occupants increases. The main disadvantage of daylighting in climates such as ours is the increased risk of thermal discomfort, which results in increased use of air-conditioning, and the consequent reduction of overall energy savings that may have otherwise accrued. Daylighting typically avoids use of direct sunlight because of its intensity and variable illumination levels throughout the day. Instead, the diffused light from the sky is used, which is by nature less intense with relatively uniform illumination levels throughout the day. But even with this, making windows or skylights too large will significantly increase the solar heatgain of buildings resulting in greater use of air-conditioning; thus negating the effect of daylighting to conserve energy. Larger openings in buildings do increase illumination within a building, but solar heat-gain increases with increasing size of apertures.

Daylighting requires thermal control Daylighting reduces peak cooling loads because this peak occurs when natural

lighting is most available, in the early afternoon; and, natural light exceeds the efficacy of electric lights. So, the effective use of daylighting requires greater reduction of energy for electric lighting than the increase for air-conditioning. The point at which no further savings is possible from reduced use of electric light is called “daylight saturation”; as the name suggests, the room enclosure is saturated with daylight and electric lighting remains constant. Daylight saturation occurs when windows are approximately 10 – 25% of the external wall area. It occurs with skylights approximately 2 – 3% of the roof area. Indiscriminate use of apertures exceeding these sizes will result in the poor performance of daylighting.

It was previously mentioned that daylighting typically avoids use of direct sunlight. This also reduces the solar heat-gain into buildings. Shading devices may be deployed to block transmission of direct sunlight while allowing a view of the sky which facilitates the use of diffuse light from the sky. Another strategy to maintain solar control is to uniformly distribute apertures about the building so that lower levels of illumination (from smaller apertures) can be evenly distributed within a room. Illumination near windows is typically twice that at the back of a room; and, illumination under skylights is typically 50% brighter than locations removed from the skylight. So, skylights are the preferred option, but their use is not always practical. Where used, windows should be located high above the floor level. Illumination is more evenly distributed with higher placements of windows. It was previously mentioned that daylighting typically avoids use of direct sunlight. This also reduces the solar heat-gain into

buildings. Shading devices may be deployed to block transmission of direct sunlight while allowing a view of the sky which facilitates the use of diffuse light from the sky. For ground floors, daylight can also be filtered through the use of vegetation. Otherwise, daylight can be bounced off surrounding surfaces to further diffuse it. But if direct sunlight cannot be avoided, it should be used sparingly in non-critical task areas: which also reduces glare.

Illumination levels for daylighting should suit the task areas Electric lighting is generally installed to suit the requirements of a task area: corridors require significantly lower illumination than general offices. So, daylight illumination should also suit the task requirements. Partly cloudy skies are typical of humid tropical climates as ours. The intensity of outdoor lighting can be ten times brighter than required indoors. In fact, daylight illumination is brighter for locations with latitudes closer to the equator. Indoor illumination can be measured using colour and cosine-corrected light meters in largescale models of the proposed building. It can be calculated manually, or with use of computer simulation programs. Spaces up to 4.5 m in from windows can be predominantly daylit. Spaces beyond this, up to 9 m in from windows can have daylight providing ambient lighting, unless skylights are utilized.

Daylight needs to be integrated with electric lighting Having accomplished the above criteria ensures the availability of usable daylight, Continued on page 26

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

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The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

Continued from page 24

but integration is needed with electric lighting to actually effect savings in energy and seamless operation of both. This is accomplished on two levels: quantitatively, with use of lighting controls to coordinate the amount of electric fixtures that will be illuminated, and qualitatively, to ensure that lighting quality from each is compatible that it will not be immediately perceived which is in use. In the first instance, this may simply entail use of switches to control lighting fixtures near windows independent from fixtures far removed from windows or skylights. But, research has shown that allowing occupants sole control of light switches in response to changing daylight levels is unreliable. Current technology therefore favours use of automated switching over manual switching. Here, photocells monitor illumination levels and control when electric fixtures are illuminated, just as photocells control our street lights. However, daylighting can either dim or turn-off

DAYLIGHTING: Another solar technology cont’d electric lights in response to rising natural illumination: the former being preferred, as the transition from electric light to daylight is smoother and less perceptible. To ensure compatible lighting quality, electric lights need to emulate the colour, direction, and quality of daylight. Fluorescent lighting is generally preferred. Fluorescent fixtures are typically installed parallel with windows to ensure proper direction; and in many cases, these fixtures are actually oriented to bounce light off the ceiling so that it reproduces the diffuse character of the daylight used – rather than the harsh direct lighting we are more familiar with. Solar panels – whether PV or water heating – are somewhat limited by their current inefficiency and require large unshaded areas for their installation. Whenever buildings exceed three stories there is simply not enough roof space to accommodate the panels needed to provide all a building’s needs. Conversely, skylights occupy a relatively small portion of a roof, and is

limited only by the availability of that roof. Otherwise, windows can be used, which are readily available in buildings. However, the technologies are not mutually exclusive: smaller PV panels can be used to light portions of a building that cannot be lit by daylight. So, it is possible to collectively utilize solar energy for the greater part of a building’s energy needs; and, potential savings are greater with use of more than one solar technology. Our government has proposed using PV panels for street lights, which will be a worthwhile investment, but maybe incentives for the private sector to utilize more solar energy may prove more beneficial. Then, we could all have a bright future, even when the price of oil is volatile. Paul Hay, Managing Director, PHC Projects

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

new and reviews

Inaugural Domino Tournament

By: Rosemarie McHugh Thomas

First place winners

Second place winners

The Winning Teams From Berger Paint

The Association hosted its first Annual Domino Tournament on Saturday, July 30, 2011 at the Police Officersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Club in Kingston. Although the day got off to a late start, due to the heavy rains, the day was filled with lots of excitement and laughter. The event started off with soothing Oldies & Goodies music selected by Winston Mendez, and his assistant Akeen. The MC was Lavada Carruthers. The Domino Tournament was ably hosted by Ms. Tashelle Honeywell from the National Association of Domino body. Twenty-one (21) teams participated in the tournament, some representing their company. With vim and vigor, the teams started out in earnest where ego and adrenaline reigned, with each team trying to stay on top. Other highlights of the day were field events for persons who did not play domino. These events included: needle & thread race, potato sack race, egg & spoon races and three legged races. IMAJ staff members, their children and children of the domino players, participated in these events. Some of the adults tried to find their groove by participating in the potato sack race; this proved difficult for some. The agility and strength of the children were not matched by the adults, as at the start of the race some, like humpty-dumpty came tumbling down. Similar to the domino players, the children took the game seriously, determined to get prizes which consisted of exercise books and pencils. The sumptuous meals were prepared by Act II Restaurant. This consisted of two courses, Steamed Fish, Baked Chicken, which were served with: Potato Salad, Tossed Vegetables, Rice & Peas and Plain Rice. The management of the bar was done by the President and 2nd Vice-President. Despite the poor support from the Masterbuildersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; membership overall, the tournament was a success. The Berger Paints team was crowned champion for 2011. Their prize included the championship trophy and a cash prize of $10,000.00. Berger also captured the second place winning a trophy and a cash prize of $5,000.00. Third place was won by the Brainford Team, and their prize was liquors. The main organizers of the tournament were 2nd Vice President, Calman Barrett and the former Secretary/Manager, Lavada Carruthers.

Page:27

health & fitness

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

If you are looking for the answer to slow the physical aspects of growing older, the answer is right before your eyes – in the food you eat. With the present recession many will find reasons such as cost not to eat right. This concept is wrong; because many are now stressed especially those in the construction industry, hence it is all the more reason attention should be paid to your diet.

Get Glowing Skin

Baby Boomers can beautify themselves inside and out by selecting foods rich in nutrients. According to Cheryl Forberg, expert in anti-aging nutrition and consulting dietitian to NBC’s “The Biggest Loser” fitness reality show, one should envision the grocery store as a virtual medicine cabinet of vitamins and minerals. Mixing and matching of favourite items is often necessary to create a tasty, versatile menu that provides benefits for the body inside and out. The following nutrients for common aging concerns were recommended:

BOOST YOUR ENERGY More and more persons are finding out that having less energy is the most unpleasant aspect of aging. To stay energized, avoid processed foods and sugary soft drinks. Add foods rich in iron such as: moderate amount of meat, spinach, proteins. Drink plenty of water and limit alcohol intake.

Keeping skin radiant is top of the mind of the majority of Baby Boomers. Collagen breakdown in the skin may contribute to the formation of wrinkles. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for the production of collagen. One serving of 100 percent grapefruit juice contains 72 milligrams of vitamin C, this juice is fat free with less than 100 calories in each eight-ounce serving.

STRENGTHEN YOUR DISEASE DEFENCES – look

for foods rich in lycopene, vitamin C and potassium. Studies suggest lycopene may help in the fight against certain cancers and heart disease. Vitamin C neutralizes free radicals to help fight cell and tissue damage that could lead to diseases. Potassium plays an important role in cardiovascular health, and a higher potassium intake has been associated with lower blood pressure and reduced risk of stroke. Load the grocery cart with foods like tomatoes and fresh grapefruit.

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diet and nutrition are vital in helping to prevent many diseases, and cancer is no exception. Statistics show that cancer is an increasing global problem. It cuts across racial and socio-economic lines. Our immune systems usually kill cancer cells immediately, but some will escape the net. Cancer cells thrive where there is lots of blood. When cancer cells surround regular tissue they can group together to form tumours. Not all tumors are cancerous. Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body and in most cases, are not life-threatening. Cancer does not necessarily spell death. Early detection and preventative measures are two ways to escape cancer. The most compelling evidence there is, is in the form of prevention through proper diet and nutrition. Scientific evidence strongly suggests that nutrition plays an important role in cancer prevention. No specific diet has been proven to retard or reverse cancer, neither has any specific been known to cure cancer. However, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients may inhibit cancer development by neutralising carcinogens, thus ensuring that the immune system functions properly. This also prevents tissue and cell damage.

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

feature

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

EARTHQUAKES, NATURAL PHENOMENA, ADVERSITIES & OPPORTUNITIES

A Management-Engineering Perspective [Where is the Steel?] to intense heat generated action in the earth’s deep innermost layer, at the very solid iron & nickel inner core(1) and the liquid iron & nickel outer core(2), where there is tremendous heat and pressure. This inner action effects are then transmitted to the surface through other layers of the earth-globe known as mantle (3) onto to the Moho boundary then to the earth’s most outer layer (4), “the crust” which is familiar to us, the common people. Therefore, it is said that there are four layers of the earth-globe. Earthquakes produce shock waves that travel through the earth. Using devices, such as a seismograph, earthquake scientists (seismologists, geologists) are able to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. The greater the magnitude of the earthquake (measured by seismic waves radiated) is the higher the number ascribed as per the Richter scale. On the Richter scale, magnitude ten (10) and higher can be recorded and also, low minus seismic waves that are radiated. See tables below.

The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake, with an epicenter near the town of Léogâne, approximately 25 km (16 miles) west of Port-auPrince, Haiti’s capital. The earthquake occurred in the afternoon on Tuesday, 12 January 2010. Earthquakes are unpredicted but common occurrence in some parts of the world. From 1Kings to Revelation, the beginning to the end, the Bible speaks of earthquakes and their various effects on people of this world; most times the effects are disturbing, and welcomed by none on earth. The earth is the solid or loose mass of the globe, and most humans live on the surface which is susceptible to many types of natural destabilizing actions, one such being an earthquake. A quake or tremor is usually a quick shake, mild or violent, that tends to produce adverse effect. By combining the words earth and quake we get earthquake, which is the shaking of the earth! An earthquake (seismic action) develops due Table A : Earthquake Magnitude Scale* Magnitude Earthquake Effects

Estimated Number Each Year

2.5 or less

Usually not felt, but can be recorded by seismograph.

900,000

2.5 to 5.4 5.5 to 6.0 6.1 to 6.9 7.0 to 7.9

Often felt, but only causes minor damage. Slight damage to buildings and other structures. May cause a lot of damage in very populated areas. Major earthquake. Serious damage.

30,000 500 100 20

8.0 or greater Great earthquake. Can totally destroy communities near the epicenter. Table B: Earthquake Magnitude Classes* Class

Great

Major

Strong

Moderate

Light

Minor

Magnitude

8 or more

7 - 7.9

6 - 6.9

5 - 5.9

4 - 4.9

3 -3.9

One every 5 to 10 years

Earthquakes are also classified in categories ranging from minor to great, depending on their magnitude. *Credits: UpSeis web site of Michigan Tech Geological and Mining & Engineering Sciences.,

Table C: SOME MAJOR EARTHQUAKES OF THE WORLD No.

Year

Date

Country

Magnitude

Remarks

1692

June 7

Jamaica/Port Royal

N.s.

Total major destruction of Port Royal City….

1700

January 26

North America

8.7-9.2

Caused a Tsunami to adversely affect Japan!

1906

April 18

San Francisco

7.2-8.25

EQ+ Fire resulted in major USA Disaster

1960

February 29

Morocco/Agadir +

5.7-6.7

EQ+ Fire resulted in major disaster.

5 6

1964 1985

N.s. N.s.

Alaska/Anchorage Mexico

9.2 8.0

Stated as the world’s largest EQ ever Devastating

1989

N.s.

California

6.9

Devastating

8 9 10

1995 2002 2008

N.s. N.s. May 12

Japan/Kobe Turkey China/Central

6.7 6.0 7.8

Devastating Devastating Devastated Wenchaun County, Sichaun Province

2010

January 12

Haiti/North America

7.0

Devastating effects

Earthquake Resistance Structural Design. Table C indicates that the higher the magnitude of the seismic shock waves the greater the likely earthquake damage to life and property - the natural and built environment. Using historical, laboratory researched, and produced data of the magnitude of seismic shocks and their resultant evident impact on the earth’s surface and real and/or model structures; formulas and tables are created by/for Structural Engineers to use when doing designs for most types of structures (above or below ground) in earthquake prone zones. For a human made structure to withstand the impact of any earthquake effect, it must be so Designed and Constructed. A structure cannot be expected to withstand a situation, a force, an impact etc, for which it was not Designed and Constructed. Both good and appropriate Structural Design and Construction have to be coupled together, they cannot be separated or ignored and then expect that the structure will perform satisfactorily, and perhaps by luck or by magic they will resist the forces of nature (or others) to which they are subjected. If so required or expected, structures must be Designed and Constructed to remain stable and safe in predictable adverse situation However, observation has taught that; a structure will attempt to assume every mode to maintain its integrity (even when not so designed or intended), and will fail only when there is no other option but to fail. Scientists/Engineers put it this way “A body will remain at rest, or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.” A structure is not an ungrateful or irresponsible element or object. Notwithstanding, sensible responsible persons should demand that Structures are Designed and Constructed to be SAFE. Some things that are an advantage or disadvantage related to the effect of an Earthquake on a building/ structure: · · · · · · ·

The Site, Soil Investigation The type of surface and/or sub-surface material (solid, loose, or liquid) the structures rest on. The Building/Structure Design The Construction/Supervision The Testing & Quality Control The Cost (The price paid sooner or later!) The distance from the epicenter,

Different building/structure designs withstand differently in an earthquake and the further you are from the earthquake, the less damage you will usually experience. Whether a building is built on solid rock or sand makes a big difference in how much damage Continued on page 32

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

feature

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011 Continued from page 30

it takes. Solid rock usually shakes less than sand, so a building built on top of solid rock should not be as damaged as it might if it was sitting on a sandy ground.

Buildings/Structures are to be Designed and Constructed taking into account the soil/ground conditions-surface and sub-surface that is expected to maintain the building/structure in a safe state commencing at the foundation.. A Geo-Technical Engineer (Soils Engineer) can do the necessary soils investigation and provide the Structural Design Engineer with the data and information necessary so that he/she can Design the building/structure (foundation and superstructure) to be appropriate and SAFE.

of nature. Where is the steel? It ought to be correctly selected (as per specification), fabricated (cut & bent), properly placed/spaced, tightly secured, having adequate space for concrete cover/bonding, sturdy form work and props, and then the good quality rightly proportioned (for specified strength) mixed concrete is placed, vibrated and cured to maturity. In so doing, the steel reinforcement and the

concrete will unite to form the wholesome expected composite element to give the building/structure the stable or desired integrity that the Structural Design Engineer intended, having been properly constructed under Competent Engineering Supervision. Where is the steel? Is it in the right mix, the concrete mix? By: Kingsley Kennedy

Where is the Steel? In concluding this article, I ask, where is the steel in many of those buildings/structures that have collapsed having been subjected to a catastrophicÂ magnitude 7.0Â Mw earthquake jolt? Or should the question be: where were the steel (reinforcing bars) when they were needed to stay the structures? The combination of appropriate Structurally Designed and Placed steel reinforcement and concrete is the composition that will cause a building/structure to be able to withstand an earthquake impact, and/or other impact or forces

ANCAR PARTNERS & INVESTMENTS LIMITED

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Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

nEWS & rEVIEWS

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

Scholarship Awards to Children of Construction Workers

The Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica had their presentation Awards to children of Construction Workers on July 4, 2011, at S.A. (Bill) Groves Conference Room, 5 Oxford Park Avenue, Kingston 5. The Award Ceremony had a late start due to the weather. This however, did not prevent the thirty-six (36) students from attending, along with their parents, teachers and friends to receive their Awards. The MC, Mrs. Rosemarie McHugh Thomas, engaged the audience with the history and plans of the Association on their commitment to Education and Training and their continued efforts to award Scholarships to Children of Construction workers who have showed exceptional achievement in their academic studies. She also outlined how children are eligible to get these scholarships. She implored those who were awarded scholarships to continue working hard to make their parents and teachers proud of them. To the parents and teachers she gave special congratulations, adding that they are the true ‘winners’ as all their efforts have borne fruit. The Guest Speaker was Mrs. Grace McLean, Chef Education Officer, Ministry of Education who commended the students, teachers and parents on their success. Special invited guest was Dr. Carolyn Hayle, Executive Director of the HEART Trust/NTA. She addressed the audience on the role of HEART Trust/NTA in their effort to develop on-the-job training, and their commitment in supplying competent trainees to the workforce. Scholarship Awards were issued as follows: • Clarendon College - 4 scholarships • Frome Technical High School - 5 scholarships • Hampton High School - 1 scholarship • Merl Grove High School - 2 scholarships • Newell High School - 2 scholarships • St. Catherine High School - 2 scholarships • Rusea’s High School - 1 scholarship • Westwood High School - 5 scholarships • Portmore HEART Academy - 13 scholarships (in three competencies: Industrial Electrical Maintenance, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration and General Construction). Entertainment was provided by students from the Frome Technical and St. Catherine High Schools. The vote of thanks was given by Ms. Akelia Bacchas, student of Frome Technical High School. Mr. Courtney Costly, Chairman, Education and Training Committee at Incorporated Masterbuilders Association (IMAJ) did the closing remarks. By: Rosemarie Mchugh Thomas

President of the Incorporated Masterbuilders’ Association of Jamaica (IMAJ), Hugh Burton (3rd left), and Courtney Costley (right), chairman of IMAJ’s Education and Training Committee share a moment with scholars from Westwood High School who were awarded with scholarships at an awards ceremony held at the IMAJ headquarters in Kingston. (Photo: Lionel Rookwood)

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

* Project Management * General Roof Works * General Construction to Buildings * Repairs to Building * Drywall Partitions & Ceilings * Suspended Ceilings * Trowel-On Works * Textured Spraying * General Painting Works *Electrical Works * Plumbing Works * A/C Works * General Grille and Iron Works

David A.. Andrews Managing Director

29 Sundown Crescent Kingston 10 Phone: 382-5356 - cell 758-5258 - office 758-7063 - fax Email: fibroid@hotmail.com

feature

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

RENEWABLE ENERGY

What is this renewable energy and why is it important? Just a decade or so ago you would not see an energy policy as part of the strategic planning for projects and business entities. Today, however, energy security concerns are real. This article weighs in on the relevance and application of renewable energy in contemporary commercial undertakings. ENERGY: Like most natural phenomena, we know not what energy is, but we recognize it in its proper aspects. We know that nothing moves without some measure of energy being involved, we are accustomed to the age old definition of energy as simply the ability to do work, to move things. RENEWABLE: Renewable suggests a replenishing or refreshing of some diminishable substance. Renewable energy is the term that describes energy that is derived from natural resources, being Wind, Sun, Sea or Land. For the purpose of his article the focus will be more on the most abundant and widely applied renewable energy -SOLAR. SOLAR ENERGY is energy from the Sun. Any system that can harness the abundant and freely available energy of the Sun for useful work should command our attention and interest. After all, at the bottom line we are looking at zero charges for use. The outputs are the same; the energy is readily available for lighting our homes, factories and offices; for heating our potable and process water; and for powering our electricity driven devices of all types, many of which we literally or figuratively cannot live without. ENABLERS: We cannot much longer

ignore the appeal of renewable as it goes to our bottom-line operating costs. Here are some facts: Global human population is now over 6Billion and rising. We live in an increasingly technology driven world, forces of supply and demand encourage us to leverage technology of all kinds to our continued advantage. Energy is what moves technology. We exist as a global village. Our economic decisions are reflected in real time in an efficient market centric globe. We are constantly ranked and rated by decision makers all over the world based on these decisions. This is the nature of our contemporary existence. The question becomes how to leverage natural abilities, and competitive strengths, against global competitive pressures, towards effective and successful development and yes, evolution. Still there is the benefit of environmental preservation, which is a topic all by itself. The trends in the choice, and demand for energy over the better part of the last century is shown in the diagrams below. It tells a tale of moving from solid coal, to liquid oil, to gas and then on to the elements of nature, the renewables. The options show growth and expansion in their respective demand as well as their associated technologies. We have the power clearly to predict the propagation of Hydro, renewables, and nuclear. Do we have the will to capitalize when the opportunities evolve and manifest? Surely energy consumption is continuing and will continue to grow. Nations will seek for abundance in their choice of energy sources, during

the transitions to new sources; supply and demand will create competition for energy reserves. Purchasing power will determine who gets energized, but energy availability will drive technological development, which is the leverage for economic survivalâ&#x20AC;Ś.The decision, in the short term, to migrate to renewable is a decision in the long term to survive or to perish! I will focus on solar electricity, not only for the reasons stated earlier but also, since we are becoming increasingly dependent on electrical energy for our daily functions.

SOLAR ELECTRIC SYSTEMS: Solar electric technology is a mature technology that has been developed to fit modern applications. In essence the steps are simple and straightforward. 1.Collect the abundant energy from the sun. 2.Channel it and store it safely 3.Harness the storage of energy for consumption on demand 4.Repeat. Step four (4) is essential, and is the root of the renewability concept. COLLECTION: The sun emits radiant energy in the form of visible light and heat according to the electromagnetic spectrum. Solar Photovoltaic cells, built from semiconducting material (just like computer chips) are strung together to build up enough voltage to power a battery, typically 12 Volts but also 24, 48 and 60 Volts. Each individual PV cell produces only 0.6 Volts; several have to be strung together at a time. The entire assembly is called a solar (PV) panel and is the engine behind electric power generation. CHANNELING AND STORAGE: This electrical voltage can be combined to drive a current into specially designed batteries for storage. The flow of current is not haphazard, as may be generated by the solar panel due to fluctuations in radiation intensity or cloud cover, but is marshalled by a battery charge controller. Close cousin of the motor vehicle charge regulator. Several varieties of batteries exist to choose from, each with their advantages, disadvantages, and safe application. Most contain sulphuric acid and demand care in their handling and storage. The batteries are designed to have readily available power on those

Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011

Surrey Paving and Aggregate Company Limited 123 ½ Constant Spring Road Kingston 8 Jamaica West Indies Tel: 1 (876) 931 8837‐9 Website: www.surreypaving.com.jm E‐mail address: surrey@surreypaving.com.jm ISO 9001:2008 Certified

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Feature

The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011 “dark days.” HARNESSING FOR CONSUMPTION: The magic of a solar electric generator is obtaining appliance operating voltage from a battery. An Inverter makes this possible. Chopper circuits and cycloconverters, inside the Inverter, along with signal processing circuitry, combine to produce the levels, and cyclic variation (be it 50 cycle or 60 cycle) of the output appliance voltage, given battery level voltage to start with. This is the WOW of the process.

REPEAT: An initial investment in solar technology will continue to give up to eighty percent (80%) performance efficiencies for over two decades with very little maintenance. The material and modes of construction of these devices have been proven to last, giving power over its lifespan “as long as the sun shineth”. In installing these systems the perceptive and aware consumer is installing energy security, and is sheltered from the shocks of supply and demand for scarce energy resources today and for the future. BASIC SYSTEM DESIGN:

Arriving at

the number and rating of individual panels required. 4. The charge controllers must replace the battery energy consumed on rainy days, this over a time agreed early in the design. It is the rate of such charge (energy required over time available for a given voltage) that determines the current throughput of the controller. 5. Mounting systems for the solar panels are determined based on type of roofing, land space available, and other considerations. This is a very basic overview of the process and it is always encouraged that expert advice be sought before, during and after installation of these systems. CONCLUSION: There is a buzz of activity around renewable energy and environmental sustainability globally. The conceptualization of a “carbon footprint” for energy consumers, with attending tradable value in the minimizing of same; increased risk awareness and mitigation sensitivity, with volumes of supporting guidance and publication; the issue of sovereignty, and the threats thereto in this global village; the undeniable link between energy availability and economic well being – these and other facts, push and incentivize us towards the goal of energy awareness first, and on to energy security. Here in Jamaica, it is clearly time for RE-ENERGISING THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY. By: Shawn R Briscoe P.Eng.

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The output supplied gives options. You can have a smooth voltage from a more expensive inverter, or a less refined, more jagged output from a less expensive inverter, the key is to understand your equipment and its requirements.

the completed system to fit a particular electrical energy requirement is a stepwise process. This is summarized (in a very general way) here as follows: 1. First a determination must be made of the pattern of energy consumption in terms of how appliances and equipment are used as a group. What is the established pattern, if any, governing the grouping of electrical equipment for use? This capacity MUST be built into the service delivery of the system. Also important is the duration of use for each particular piece of equipment. The Wattage demand multiplied with the duration of usage gives the energy consumed in Watt-hours. (Energy = Power x Time). 2. Next determination is with regards to the built-in reserve capacity of the system. How many rainy days are you saving towards? This is a key consideration as it relates to sizing your battery storage. The batteries are your piggy bank…Literally! 3. Once this is determined, thought is next given to the hours of sunlight available, and the total energy requirement of your connected electrical equipment. Efficiencies must be borne in mind particularly at this stage. A matching of total energy required back to your total solar energy input is now in order; this of course leveraged through your efficiency considerations. You get to a stage where the total power input required is determined. With a knowledge of the available wattages of each solar panel on the market, a choice can be made as to

Page:39

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Vol:48 No. 1 The journal of the Incorporated Masterbuilders Association of Jamaica 2011