Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (German: 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party (German:Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP); National Socialist German Workers Party). He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 anddictator of Nazi Germany (as Fßhrer und Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945. Hitler was at the centre of Nazi Germany, World War II in Europe, and the Holocaust.
Childhood and Education
When Hitler was three, the family moved to Passau, Germany.[There he acquired the distinctive lower Bavarian dialect, rather than Austrian German, which marked his speech all of his life.In 1894 the family relocated to Leonding , and in June 1895, Alois retired to a small landholding at Hafeld, near Lambach, where he farmed and kept bees. Hitler attended Volksschule (a state-supported school) in nearby Fischlham. He became fixated on warfare after finding a picture book about the Franco-Prussian War among his father's belongings.
Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich
• The house in Leonding where Hitler spent his early adolescence (c. 1984)
•From 1905, Hitler lived a bohemian life in Vienna, financed by orphan's benefits and support from his mother. He worked as a casual labourer and eventually as a painter, selling watercolours. The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna rejected him twice, in 1907 and 1908, because of his "unfitness for painting". The director recommended that Hitler study architecture,but he lacked the academic credentials On 21 December 1907, his mother died aged 47. After the Academy's second rejection, Hitler ran out of money. In 1909 he lived in a homeless shelter, and by 1910, he had settled into a house for poor working men on MeldemannstraĂ&#x;e. At the time Hitler lived there, Vienna was a hotbed of religious prejudice and racism.
Military career of Adolf Hitler • At the outbreak of World War I, Hitler was a resident of Munich and volunteered to serve in the Bavarian Army as an Austrian citizen. • He was decorated for bravery, receiving the Iron Cross, Second Class, in 1914.Recommended by Hugo Gutmann, he received the Iron Cross, First Class, on 4 August 1918, a decoration rarely awarded to one of Hitler's rank (Gefreiter). Hitler's post at regimental headquarters, providing frequent interactions with senior officers, may have helped him receive this decoration. Though his rewarded actions may have been courageous, they were probably not highly exceptional. He received the Black Wound Badge on 18 May 1918.
Entry into politics
After World War I, Hitler returned to Munich. Having no formal education or career prospects, he tried to remain in the army for as long as possible. In July 1919 he was appointed Verbindungsmann of an Aufkl채rungskommando of the Reichswehr, assigned to influence other soldiers and to infiltrate the German Workers' Party .
While at Landsberg, Hitler dictated most of the first volume of Mein Kampf to his deputy, Rudolf Hess.[ The book, dedicated to Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, was an autobiography and exposition of his ideology. Mein Kampf was influenced by The Passing of the Great Race by Madison Grant, which Hitler called "my Bible".T. One million copies were sold in 1933, Hitler's first year in office.
Br端ning administration
The Great Depression in Germany provided a political opportunity for Hitler. Germans were ambivalent to the parliamentary republic, which faced strong challenges from right- and left-wing extremists. The moderate political parties were increasingly unable to stem the tide of extremism, and the German referendum of 1929 had helped to elevate Nazi ideology. The elections of September 1930 resulted in the break-up of a grand coalition and its replacement with a minority cabinet. Its leader, chancellor Heinrich Br端ning of the Centre Party, governed through emergency decrees from President Paul von Hindenburg.
Death of Adolf Hitler •
Adolf Hitler committed suicide by gunshot on 30 April 1945 in his FĂźhrerbunker in Berlin. His wife Eva (nĂŠe Braun) committed suicide with him by ingesting cyanide.That afternoon, in accordance with Hitler's prior instructions, their remains were carried up the stairs through the bunker's emergency exit, doused in petrol, and set alight in the Reich Chancellery garden outside the bunker.Records in the Soviet archives show that their burnt remains were recovered and interred in successive locations until 1970, when they were again exhumed, cremated, and the ashes scattered.