Milestone Education Review by MSES Pehowa (Kurukshetra)

M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

Milestone Education Review Milestone Education Review (The Journal of Ideas on Educational & Social Transformation) is an online peer-reviewed bi-annual journal of Milestone Education Society (Regd.) Pehowa (Kurukshetra). For us education refers to any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character, or physical ability of an individual. The role of education must be as an instrument of social change and social transformation. Social transformation refers to large scale of social change as in cultural reforms and transformations. The first occurs with the individual, the second with the social system. This journal offers an opportunity to all academicians including educationist, social-scientists, philosophers and social activities to share their views. Each issue contains about 100 Pages. ÂŠ Milestone Education Society (Regd.), Pehowa (Kurukshetra) Editor Dr. Desh Raj Sirswal Associate Editors Dr. Merina Islam Ms. Rajinder Kaur Editorial Advisory Board Prof. B.Krishna (Karnataka) Prof. K.K.Sharma (Haryana) Dr. Ashutosh Angiras (Haryana) Dr.Dinesh Chahal (Haryana) Dr. Manoj Kumar (Chandigarh) Dr. Pitamber Dass (Uttar Pradesh) Dr. Koppula Victor Babu (Andhra Pradesh) Acharya Shilak Ram (Haryana) Ms. Tahira Tariq (Pakistan) Dr. Nidhi Verma(Haryana) Mr. Zakir Hussain (Jammu & Kashmir) Mr. Jayadev Sahoo (Pondicherry)

Declaration: The opinions expressed in the articles of this journal are those of the individual authors, and not necessary of those of the Society or the Editor.

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

MkW- vEcsM+dj dk lkekftd&fpUru MkW- ns'kjkt fljloky vuqĂ&#x2DC;e

Hkwfedk

vEcsM+dj % O;fDrRo ,oa fopkj

(6-10)

vEcsM+dj ds f'k{kk&lEcU/kh fopkj

(11-14)

xka/kh vkSj vEcsM+dj

(15-21)

tkfrokn ,oa ekuokf/kdkj

(22-29)

Annual Report of the Society

(4-5)

(30)

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

1- Hkwfedk Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds fuekZrk MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj flQZ nfyrksa ds gh usrk ugha gSA og ,d ,sls jk"Vª iq#"k gSa A ftUgksua s lewps ns'k ds lEcU/k esa] Hkkjr ds bfrgkl ds lEcU/k esa] ,oa lekt ifjorZu ij egÙoiw.kZ oSpkfjd ;ksxnku fn;k gSA MkW- vEcsM+dj ,d fo}ku] ys[kd] jktuhfrK] lekt&lq/kkjd] dkuwu fo'ks"kK] f'k{kk&'kkL=h vkSj uolekykspd ds :i esa ubZ ih<+h ds lkeus mn; gq, gSa A eq>s dqN fo'ks"k voljksa ij MkW- vEcsM+dj ds fpUru dks i<+us vkSj mUgas le>us dk volj izkIr gqvk A izLrqr vad dqN ys[kksa dk laxzg ek= gSA ftlesa muds fparu dk va'k Hkj js[kkafdr fd;k x;k gSaA izFke ys[k muds O;fDrRo ,oa fopkjksa ls gekjk ifjp; djkuk gSa A f}rh; ys[k muds f'k{kk lEcU/kh fopkjksa dk ladyu gSA r`rh; ys[k MkW- vEcsMdj vkSj egkRek xka/kh ds chp oSpkfjd }an dh rjQ bafxr djrk gS] tksfd oLrqr% ,d iatkch ys[k dk Hkkokuqokn gS A prqFkZ ys[k esa tkfrokn ,oa ekuokf/kdkj ds ckjs ,d fujis{k fparu fn;k x;k gS ftlesa orZeku le; dh tkrh; leL;kvksa] ekuokf/kdkj ds ijLij lEcU/k dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ^^ekbyLVksu ,tqds'ku lkslkbVh** ewyr% f'k{kk lEcU/kh dk;ksZ ls tqM+h laLFkk gS] tks fd lekt lq/kkjdksa ds f'k{kk lEcU/kh fopkjksa izpkj&izlkj vkSj mu fopkjksa dk 'kS{kf.kd lq/kkjksa esa iz;ksx ds izfr iz;kljr gSA ge lHkh mu ikS/kksa dks lhap ik, gSa tks bu fopkjdksa us yxk, Fks A muds liuksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, gesa dBksj ladYi] bZekunkjh vkSj izHkkoiw.kZ <ax ls dke djuk gksxk] rHkh ge lgh ek;us esa bu fopkjdksa dks lPph J)katfy ns ldrs gSA 4|

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

tks f'k{kk va/kfo'okl] HkkX;okn] ladh.kZokn] izfrfØ;kokn tSlh dqjhfr;ksa dks /oLr djrh gS] og xzg.k djus ;ksX; gSA izfr;ksxh] O;olkf;d] rduhfd vkSj mi;ksxh f'k{kk vkt gekjs lekt dh egÙoiw.kZ vko';drk gS A ,d ,slh gh lkekftd ,oa f'k{kk&i)fr dh LFkkiuk djus dks ;g laLFkk izfrc) gSA fiNys dbZ o"kks± ls ;g laLFkk vius mís';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, dk;Zjr gSA lhfer lk/kuksa ds lkFk ;g yxkrkj lkekftd vkSj 'kSf{kd fodkl ds dk;ZØeksa esa viuh Hkkxhnkjh fuHkk jgh gS vkSj Hkfo"; esa f'k{kk&lEcU/kh n`f"Vdks.k ls fo/kkfFkZ;ksa ds fodkl ds fy, ,d l'kDr ek/;e cusxh A MkW- ns'kjkt fljloky

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

2- vEcsM+dj % O;fDrRo ,oa fopkj Hkkjro"kZ vktknh dh 66oha o"kZxkaB euk jgk gS vkSj ns'k esa viuk lafo/kku ykxw gq, 62 o"kZ gks jgs gSa A bfrgkl ogh cukrs gSa tks bfrgkl tkurs gSa A blfy, gj ukxfjd dks vius bfrgkl dh tkudkjh j[kuk vko';d gSA ftlls og vius Hkfo"; ds fodkl esa ekxZn'kZu ik lds A HkkjrjRu ckck lkgc MkW- Hkhejko vEcsndj dk tUe 14 vizSy 1891 dks e/;izn's k ds egq uked LFkku ij gqvk A mudh ekrk dk uke HkhekokbZ vkSj firk dk uke jketh oYn ekyksth ldiky FkkA mudk tUe egkjk"Vª esa viuh bZekunkjh] 'kwjohjrk] rFkk cgknqjh ds fy, izfl) egkj tkfr esa gqvkA muds cpiu esa ^Hkhe* ;k ^Hkhok* ds uke ls iqdkjk tkrk FkkA1 MkW- vEcsndj vius firk ds vykok xkSre cq)] T;ksfrck Qqys vkSj dchj ls izHkkfor Fks] ftUgsa vEcsM+dj ds rhu xq: Hkh dgk tkrk gSA MkW- vEcsM+dj us ik'pkR; LorU=rk vkSj ekuorkoknh lEcU/kh fopkjksa dk Kku izks- tkWu Msoh] tkWu LVwvVZ fey] ,Me.M czd q s vkSj izk-s gkjksYM ykWLdh bR;kfn fopkjdksa ls fy;kA ftldk izek.k mudh fyf[krksa vkSj Hkk"k.kksa esa iz;ksx m)j.kksa ls yxk;k tk ldrk gSA vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd MkW- vEcsndj dks if'pe us muds ^^gfFk;kj** vkSj iwoZ us ^^vkRe&cy** fn;k] ftlds vk/kkj ij lkekftd lekurk vkSj lkekftd U;k; ds fy, mUgksaus la?k"kZ fd;k A2 MkW- vEcsMdj vk/kqfud Hkkjr ds egku fpard nk'kZfud] vFkZ'kkL=h fof/kosrk] 'kksf"krksa ds eqfDr&uk;d] la?k"kZ'khy lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lafo/kku fuekZrk Fks A os LorU=rk&lekurk&cU/kqRo ds ØkfUrdkjh vkn'kks± dks Hkkjrh; lekt esa LFkkfir djuk pkgrs FksA tks 6|

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

Hkh izFkk] ijEijk] fopkj/kkjk] dkuwu ;k /kkfeZd ekU;rk bu ewY;ksa vkn'kksZ dks izkIr djus esa ck/kk jgh gSa] os muds izcy vkykspd jgs A mUgksaus tkfrizFkk&NwvkNwr vkSj iwathoknh&lkeUrh fopkj/kkjk dh reke 'kks"k.kijd iz.kkfy;ksa dh blh vk/kkj ij vkykspuk djds cgqvk;keh o oLrqijd fo'ys"k.k fd;k A mudk fo'okl Fkk fd vxj os vius la?k"kZ esa dke;kc gks tkrs gSa rks ;g fdlh fo'ks"k leqnk; ds fgr esa ugha gksxk A cfYd lHkh Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, ,d ojnku cusxk A os pkgrs Fks fd cgqtu ijEijkxr lkekftd fLFkfr ij viuh etcwr fLFkfr cuk;sA muds vkn'kZ LorU=rk] lekurk vkSj HkkbZpkjk Fks A ^^vkt mnkjhdj.k] HkweaMyhdj.k o futhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa ls lekt esa vlekurk dh [kkbZ xgjh gqbZ gS tcfd muds lkekftd] jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd o /kkfeZd fpUru dk dsfUnz; rRo lekurk gS ftldh cqfu;kn ij gh dksbZ okLrfod yksdra= cu ldrk gSA yksdrkfU=d i)fr;ksa dh txg rkuk'kkgh o jkt'kkgh dh izo`fr;ka c< jgh gSaA jk"Vª dh lEifr dks cM+s iwath 'kkgksa dks HksaV fd;k tk jgk gSA jkT; viuh dY;k.kdkjh Hkwfedk ls iYyk >kM+ jgk gSA Jfedksa] efgykvksa] oafprksa] fiNM+ksa] vYila[;dksa] nfyrksa ij mRihM+u c<+ jgk gS vkSj muds vf/kdkj Nhus tk jgs gSaA vf/kdka'k jktuhfrd usrk o ikfVZ;ka equkQk[kksj iawthifr;ksa o 'kks"kdksa ds ,tsUV dh rjg dke dj jgh gSaA ,sls esa lekt ifjorZu ds bPNqdksa ds fy, MkW- Hkhejko vEcsM+dj ds izsj.kknk;h la?k"kZ'khy thou o ØkfUrdkjh fopkjksa ls nksLrh fugk;r izklafxd gSA**3

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

MkW- vEcsMdj ds fopkj 1-

^^;g dgus ls ckr ugha curh fd gj iqjkuh ckr lksus ds cjkcj gksrh gSA ydhj ds Qdhj cuds dke ugha pyrk fd tks cki&nknk djrs vk;s gSa] og lc vkSykn dks Hkh djuk pkfg, A lkspus dk ;g rjhdk Bhd ugha gSA ifjfLFkfr ds cnyus ds lkFk&lkFk fopkj Hkh cnyus pkfg, ;g t:jh gSA** ¼i`- 30½4 ^^ejkM+ lR;kxzg ds le; muds vuq;kf;;ksa us ekjihV djusdh Bkuh rks MkW- vEcsM+dj us dgk] ^^vius ls ckgj u gksvksA vius gkFk u mBkvks A vius xqLls dks ihdj eu 'kkar j[kks] gd ds fy, >xM+k ugha djuk gSA gesa muds okjksa dks lguk iM+sxk vkSj mu lukrfu;ksa dks vfgalk dh 'kfDr ds n'kZu djokus gksaxs A** ¼i`- 40½ MkW- vEcsM+dj vius eqfDr vkUnksyu ds ckjs Li"Vhdj.k nsrs gq, dgrs gS fd esjk ;s vkUnksyu czkã.kksa ds f[kykQ ugha] czkã.kokn ds f[kykQ gS A lkjs czkã.k nfyrksa dk fojks/k djrs gSa] ,slh ckr ugha gS vkSj xSj&czkã.kksa esa Hkh rks Åap&uhp dk Hksn j[kus okys yksx gS]a ;s u Hkwyksa A** igyh xksyest lHkk esa 31&12&1930 dks ckck lkgsc us dgk] ^^cjrkuoh gqdwer dk;e djus esa ftu vNwrksa dks iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS] mudh gkyr lq/kkjus ds fy, vaxzstksa us fcYdqy /;ku ugha fn;kA fgUnw lekt }kjk vNwrksa ij vR;kpkj gks jgs gSaA fQj Hkh vktknh ds ckn gh mudk dY;k.k lEHko gks ldsxkA** ¼i`69½ tc mUgsa ,d ckj lEeku fn;k x;k rks viuh lQyrk dk lsgjk turk dks nsrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ^^fgUnw lekt dh vkus okyh ih<h ;g QSlyk nsxh fd eSaus vius ns'k ds fy, lgh vkSj usd dke fd;k gS] rqe yksx eq>s nsork u cukvks A**¼i`- 82½ lafo/kku ds ckjs esa os dgrs gS] ^^'kjhj ds igjkos ds fy, cuk;s x;s lwV dh rjg] lafo/kku Hkh ns'k ds ;ksX; gksuk pkfg,A ftl rjg detksj 'kjhj okys O;fDr ds diM+s esjs fy, Bhd ugha gS] mlh rjg ns'k ds fy, og dksbZ ykHk ugha igqap ldrk A 8|

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

yksdra= dk vFkZ gS cgqtu dk jkt A blfy, bl ns'k esa ;k rks fgUnqvksa dk jkt jgsxk ;k fQj bl cgqer dk ftlesa vNwr] vkfnoklh vkSj de tual[;k okys gSa] muds izfr D;k uhfr viukbZ tk;sxh] ;g egRoiw.kZ gSA**¼i`- 35½ os dgrs gSa] ^^gesa fdlh dk vk'khZokn ugha pkfg,A ge viuh fgEer] cqf) rFkk dk;Z ;ksX;rk ds cy ij vius ns'k rFkk vius fy;s iwjh yXu ds lkFk dke djsaxs A tks Hkh tkx`r gS] la?k"kZ djrk gS] mls var esa LFkk;h U;k; fey ldrk gSA** MkW- vEcsMdj us vius xzaFk ^oq oj fn lqnjkt* fd Hkwfedk esa fy[kk gS] ^^,sfrgkfld lp dh [kkst djus ds fy, eSa ifo= /keZ xzUFkksa dk vuqokn djuk pkgrk gwaA blls fgUnqvksa ds irk py ldsxk fd muds lekt] ns'k ds iru vkSj fouk'k dk dkj.k cuk gS & bu /keks± ds fl)kUrA nwljh ckr ;g gS fd HkoHkwfr ds dFkukuqulkj dky vuar gS vkSj /kjrh vikj gS] dHkh u dHkh dksbZ ,slk bUlku iSnk gksxk] tks eSa dqN dg jgk g¡w] ml ij fopkj djsxk A bl xzaFk dks mUgksaus vk/kqfud Hkkjr ds lcls mÙke iq#"k T;ksfrck Qqys dks lefiZr fd;k gSA ¼i`- 181&182½ ckS) /keZ ds ckjs esa os 15 ebZ] 1956 dks vius Hkk"k.k esa dgrs gSa] ^^eq>s ckS) /keZ] mlds rhu fl)kUr Kku] n;k vkSj cjkcjh ds dkj.k T;knk I;kjk gSA ijekRek ;k vkRek lekt dks] mlds iru ls ugha cpk ldrh gSA cq) dh f'k{kk gh fcuk [kwu Økafr }kjk lkE;okn yk ldrh gSA** /keZ ds ckjs esa os dgrs gSa & lekt dks ca/ku dh t:jr gS] mls uhfr pkfg, A ;fn /keZ mi;ksxh gS] rks og foosd ij vk/kkfjr vkSj mi;ksxh gksuk pkfg, A /keZ ds uhfr&fu;e ,sls gksus pkfg,] tks cjkcjh] LorU=rk vkSj HkkbZ&pkjs ds lkFk tqM+s gksa A 9|

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

^^Åph bPNk vkSj vk'kkoknh lksp ds lkFk gh Å¡ph fLFkfr dks izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftlus vius fny esa mEehn] meax vkSj bPNk dh ykS txk yh gS] ogh O;fDr lnk ftankfny jgrk gSA pfj=oku~ gksuk] mldh o`f) djuk] ftUnxh dk igyk QtZ gS mldk iwjh rjg fodkl djks A mls fueZy cukvks] iqjkuh :f<;ksa vkSj fjoktksa dks nQuk nksA ubZ dye ls u;k lcd fy[kks] ges'kk vk'kkoku jgks A esgur vkSj dqckZuh ls drZO; iwjk gksrk gSA bUlku dh vPNh izFkkvksa ls jk"Vª vkSj lekt cyoku rFkk HkkX;'kkyh gksrs gSA** ¼i`- 105½

10- ^^ftu yksxksa dh tu&vkUnksyuksa esa :fp gS] mUgsa dsoy /kkfeZd n`f"Vdks.k viukuk NksM+ nsuk pkfg, A mUgsa Hkkjr ds yksxksa ds izfr lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd n`f"Vdks.k gh viukuk gksxkA**

lUnHkZ% 1-

S.K.Kushwaha (ed.) Essays in Honour of Bharat Ratna Baba Saheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, p. 64

Vijay

Chintaman,

“Dr.

Ambedkar

Humanist

Sonawane” in Essays in Honour of Bharat Ratna Baba Saheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, p. 2. 3.

^^vEcsM+dj ls nksLrh** Hkkjr dh tuoknh ukStoku lHkk dq#{ks=&;equkuxj] 2008

izLrqr fopkj iatkch esa vejthr flag dkax }kjk vuqokfnr MkWckck lkfgc vEcsMdj] us'kuy cqd VªLV] bafM+;k] 2000 ls ladfyr fd;s x;s gSa A 10 |

¼DYFI½]

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

vEcsM+dj ds f'k{kk&lEcU/kh fopkj

vk/kqfud ;qx esa vEcsM+dj dk fpUru vekuoh;] vuSfrd ,oa vU;k;iw.kZ lkekftd O;oLFkk ds izfr fonzkgs ,oa fojks/k dk lcls l'kDr Loj ekuk tkrk gSA ckY;dky ls gh dBksj vuqHkoksa ls xqtjrs gq, vEcsM+dj dks vusd lkekftd cqjkbZ;ksa ,oa foM+Ecukvksa ds lkFk viuh thou fu;fr ls lk{kkRdkj gqvk FkkA xgu v/;;u ,oa mPp f'k{kk ds vk/kkj ij mUgksaus lkekftd v'kqHk&ds izfr viuh vkykspukRed n`f"V dks ,d foosd&lEer ,oa rkfdZd vk/kkj iznku fd;k A1 MkW- vEcsMdj dk thou ,d fo/kkFkhZ ds fy, vkn'kZ fo/kkFkhZ thou dk mnkgj.k gSA os fnu esa 18 ?kaVs v/;;u djrs FksA fo/kkFkhZ dky esa fd;k x;k muds }kjk ifjJe] tksfd fdlh mís'; ls iw.kZ Fkk] D;k vkt ge ,sls mís';iw.kZ thou ds ckjs dHkh fpUru djrs gSa\ D;k gekjh f'k{kk dk dksbZ mís'; gS\] ugha A ,d f'k{kd ds :i esa mudh ekU;rk Fkh fd ,d nfyr oxZ ds Nk= dks lkekU; Js.kh ds fo/kkFkhZ ls T;knk ifjJe djuk pkfg, vkSj ,d vkn'kZ ds :i esa vius dks izdV djuk pkfg,A ,d ckj ,d nfyr fo/kkFkhZ muls flQkfj'k djus vk;k] rks MkW- vEcsM+dj us mlls Li"V dgk fd ekuk fd eSa pkgwa rks ;g laHko gS ij eq>s ;g 'kksHkk ugha nsrk A nwljh ckr] bl rjg fdlh ds fy, flQkfj'k djuk eq>s ?k`.kkLin yxrk gS A esjh rks cfYd ;gh /kkj.kk gS fd nfyr fo/kkFkhZ dh rjQ ls ,slk O;ogkj gh ugha gksuk pkfg, fd ftl dkj.k mldh viuh ckSf)drk vkSj ;ksX;rk esa fdlh izdkj dh gkfu izdV gksos A eSa rks ;g pkgrk gw¡ fd og nwljs fo/kkfFkZ;ksa dh rqyuk esa ,d vkn'kZ 11 |

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

fo/kkFkhZ djs A

esa

viuk

vfLrRo

LFkkfir

ukStokuksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, os dgrs gSa fd mUgsa viuh ftUnxh esa Åaps mís';ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, vkBksa igj iz;Ru djrs jguk pkfg, A ;fn ,slk ugha gS rks og i'kq ls Hkh T;knk Hk;kud gSA ,d ckj mUgsa tkfdj gqluS dkWfyt esa ^^Democracy** fo"k; ij cksyus ds fy, cqyk;k x;k A xfB;k ls ihfM+r gksrs gq, Hkh mUgksaus nks fo/kkfFkZ;ksa] tks fd fueU=.k nsus ds fy, vk;s Fks] dgk Fkk ^^I am a sick man but I love to talk to students.**

ftl fnu Hkk"k.k nsuk Fkk] os cM+h eqf'dy ls eap rd vk;s] rc rd og fcekj fn[kkbZ ns jgs Fks] ysfdu tc mUgksaus cksyuk 'kq: fd;k rks yxk fd mudks dksbZ d"V gh ugha gS blds 10 eghuksa ds ckn gh mudk nsgkolku gks x;k FkkA2 mijksDr fooj.k ls Øe'k% gesa muds ifjJe] bZekunkjh vkSj dk;Z ds izfr fu"Bk ds mnkgj.k feyrs gSa] os dgrs Fks fd ^^esjh bPNk Fkk fd eSa ftUnxh Hkj fo/kkFkhZ cuk jg¡w A** mudk dguk Fkk fd ^^gesa ;g fopkj NksM+ nsuk pkfg, fd eka&cki cPpksa dks tUe ns ldrs gSa] ij fdLer ugha A os mUgsa f'k{kk fnykdj mudh fdLer dks cuk ldrs gSaA**3 MkW- vEcsM+dj ds vuqlkj] ^^Kku vkneh ds thou dk vk/kkj gSA**4 vr% gesa f'k{kk dh rjQ fo'ks"k ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k j[kuk pkfg,A lu~ 1849 esa egkRek T;ksfrck Qqys us efgyk vkSj 'kqnzksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, fo|ky; cuk;s vkSj ,d vkUnksyu [kM+k fd;k A5 vkSj mUgksaus f'k{kk dh igyh fdj.k ls mudks voxr djok;k tcfd MkW- vEcsM+dj fo/kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ,d vkn'kZ ds :i esa mHkjs A

12 |

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

MkW- vEcsM+dj ds vuqlkj ,d ns'k ds fy, bu pkj ewY;ksa LorU=rk] ,drk] ca/kqrk vkSj U;k; cgqr vko';d gSaA6 muds vuqlkj] ftl lekt esa dqN oxks± ds yksx tks dqN pkgs og lc dj lds vkSj ckfd og lc Hkh u dj ldsa A tks mUgsa djuk pkfg,] ml lekt ds vius xq.k gksaxs] ysfdu mlesa LorU=rk 'kkfey ugha gksxh A vxj balkuksa ds vuq:i thus dh lqfo/kk dqN yksxksa rd gh lhfer gS] rc ftl lqfo/kk dks vkerkSj ij LorU=rk dgk tkrk gS] mls fo'ks"kkf/kdkj dguk mfpr gksxk A**7 MkW- vEcsM+dj dk n'kZu lekt dks leLr v'kqHk ,oa vfHk'kki ls eqDr dj Lok/khurk] lekurk vkSj Hkzkr`Ro ij vk/kkfjr lekt jpuk ds fy, izsfjr djrk gS A fopkj vkSj O;ogkj nksuksa gh Lrjksa ij vEcsM+dj vlekurk] vLi`';rk] vf'k{kk] va/kfo'okl] vU;k;] vuSfrdrk tSls lkekftd v'kqHkksa ,oa vfHk'kkiksa ls yksgk ysrs gSa ,oa ,d ekuoh;] uSfrd ,oa U;k;fiz; lekt ds fuekZ.k dk vkg~oku djrs gSaA vEcsM+dj ,d ,sls lekt ds LoIu n`"Vk Fks] ftlesa euq"; vius foosd ls va/kfo'oklksa dk [k.Mu djrk gS] lekt vkSj izd`fr ds izfr oSKkfud ,oa foosdlEer n`f"Vdks.k viukrk gS vkSj /keZ'kkL=ksa esa D;k fy[kk gS] bldh fpUrk u djds ekuoh; uSfrdrk ,oa U;k; ds vkn'kks± ds vuq:i O;ogkj djrk gSA8 tks f'k{kk va/kfo'okl] HkkX;okn] ladh.kZokn] izfrfØ;kokn tSlh dqjhfr;ksa dks /oLr djrh gS] og xzg.k djus ;ksX; gSA izfr;ksxh] O;olkf;d] rduhfd vkSj mi;ksxh f'k{kk vkt gekjs lekt dh egÙoiw.kZ vko';drk gS A ,d ,slh gh lkekftd ,oa f'k{kk&i)fr dh LFkkiuk djus dks ;g laLFkk izfrc) gSA fiNys dbZ o"kks± ls ;g laLFkk vius mís';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, dk;Zjr gSA lhfer lk/kuksa ds lkFk ;g 13 |

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

yxkrkj lkekftd vkSj 'kSf{kd fodkl ds dk;ZØeksa esa viuh Hkkxhnkjh fuHkk jgh gS vkSj Hkfo"; esa f'k{kk&lEcU/kh n`f"Vdks.k ls fo/kkfFkZ;ksa ds fodkl ds fy, ,d l'kDr ek/;e cusxh A lUnHkZ% 1-

MkW- vkse izdk'k Vkd] vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; fpard] i`- 125

R.S.Harit, Lecture on the Nirvana Day,” p. 36

S.K. Kushwaha, Essay in Honour of Bharat Ratan Dr. B.R.Ambedkar, p. 123

ogh]] i`- 123

vkj-,l-gfjr vkSj MkW- ,l-,u-xkSre] ^^vuqlwfpr tkfr ds vkj{k.k dk laf{kIr bfrgkl]** i`- 110

izk-s vaxus yky] ^^ckck lkfgc vEcsMdj vkt ds ;qx ds lekykspd**] i`- 54

ckck lkgsc vEcsM+dj] lEiw.kZ okM~-e;] [kaM&14] i`- 68 ¼vNwr % os dkSu Fks vkSj vNwr dSls gks x;s\

MkW- vkse izdk'k Vkd] vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; fpard] i`- 128

fVIi.kh&

izLrqr fopkj MkW- vEcsMdj dh 117oha t;arh ij okYehfd Nk=kokl] okYehfd vkJe] dq#{ks= esa fnukad 14&04&2008 dks izLrqr fd;s x;s A

14 |

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

4- xka/kh vkSj vEcsM+dj vaxzst ljdkj us Hkkjrh;ksa dks 'kkar djus ds fy, Hkkjrh; jkt vf/kfu;e 1919 ds la'kks/ku] Hkkjrh;ksa dks T;knk vf/kdkj nsus] vYila[;dksa dks lekurk vkSj fodkl] f'k{kk&lq/kkj vkSj mÙkjnk;h ljdkj dh LFkkiuk ds fy, ,d Ng lnL;h; deh'ku fu;qDr fd;k A lj tksu lkbaeu dks bldk eqf[k;k cuk;k x;k] bl otg ls mldks ^lkbeu deh'ku* dgk tkrk gSA lkbeu deh'ku dh fjiksZV ij cgl djus ds fy,] yanu esa 1930] 1931] 1932 esa rhu xksy&est lEesyu gq, A fgUnqvksa dh rjQ ls xka/kh] eqlyekuksa dh rjQ ls eksgEen ftUuk vkSj nfyrksa dh rjQ ls MkW- vEcsM+dj 'kkfey gq, A 15 flrEcj] 1931 dks xka/kh us ^^Fedral Structural Committee** esa nkok fd;k fd dkaxsl z lHkh Hkkjrh;ksa ds fgrksa o oxksZ dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gS] blfy, og iwjs Hkkjr jk"Vª dh izfrfuf/k gSA MkW- vEcsM+dj us bl lEesyu esa nfyrksa dh nnZukd gkyr laca/kh vius Hkk"k.k eas dgk % ^^eSa ftu vNwrksa ds izfrfuf/k ds :i esa ;gka [kM+k gwa] mudh fxurh Hkkjr dh tula[;k dk ikapok fgLlk gS vFkkZr~ ;g fcVªus ;k Ýkal dh tula[;k ds cjkcj gSa] ij budh gkyr xqykeksa ls Hkh cqjh gSA xqykeksa ds ekfyd mudks Nwrs gSa] ij gesa Nwuk Hkh iki le>k tkrk gSA fcVªsu ljdkj ls igys] Nqvk&Nwr dh otg ls gekjh gkyr cqjh FkhA D;k fczVsu ljdkj us vius 150 lkyksa ds jkt esa gekjh gkyr lq/kkjus ds fy, dqN iz;Ru fd;k\ igys ge dqvksa ls ikuh Hkh ugha Hkj ldrs Fks] eafnjksa esa nkf[ky ugha gks ldrs Fks] iqfyl vkSj 15 |

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

QkSt esa HkrhZ ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA D;k vc gekjs fy, ;g njokts [kqys gS\a vaxzstksa ds 150 lky ds ckn Hkh gekjh xqykeh T;ksa&dh&R;ksa gh cuh gqbZ gSA** ^^og nq%[k ftuls nfyr ihfM+r gSa] cs'kd mudk] mruk gqvk] ftruk fd ;gwfn;ksa ds nq%[kksa dk gqvk gS] rc Hkh vR;kpkjksa ds lk/ku vkSj ekxZ] ftudk fgUnqvksa us vNwrksa ds fd;k] og ukthvksa ds ;gwfn;ksa ds izfr cjrs x;s lk/kuksa ls ugha gSA ;gwfn;ksa ds fo:) ukthvksa dk ^Antisemiticism* vkSj izHkko ^lukruokn* ls fdlh Hkh rjg fHkUu ugha gSA**

izpkj ugha neu vkSj izfr iz;ksx de fHkUu dk fopkj

is'kok jkt esa vNwrksa dks mu vke jkgksa ij pyus dh eukgh Fkh] ftu ij Åaph tkfr ds yksx pyrs Fks] rkfd og vNwrksa ¼nfyrksa½ ds ijNkbZ ls nwf"kr u gks tk,a A nfyrksa dks viuh igpku ds fy,] xys esa dkyk /kkxk cka/kuk iM+rk Fkk] rkfd lao.kZ fgUnw xyrh ls mudks Nwdj Hkz"V u gks tk,A is'kokvksa dh jkt/kkuh iwuk esa vNwrksa dks dejds lkFk >kMw cka/kdj pyuk iM+rk Fkk] rkfd mudh iSjksa ds fu'kku feV tk;sa] ftlls fd Lo.kZ mlds pyrs le; Hkz"V u gksus ls cp tk;saA iwuk esa vNwrksa dks xys esa ,d NksVk eVdk cka/kuk iM+rk Fkk] rkfd ;fn Fkwd vk;s rks og mlesa Fkwdsa D;ksfa d /kjrh ij Fkwdus ls] mlds mij Lo.kZ dk iSj iM+us ls og nwf"kr gks ldrk FkkA eSa vkidks gSjkuh esa Mkyuk ugha pkgrk ij] dHkh&dHkh eq>s cM+k eglwl gksrk gS fd ge fdrus HkwyDdM+ yksx gSa fd ge nf{k.k vÝhdk ds dkys yksxksa dh rks ckr djrs gSa&&&ysfdu [kqn gekjs ns'k ds gj xkao esa ,d nf{k.k vÝhdk gS] tksfd i`Fkd izek.k gSA mlds ckjs esa lksprs gh ugha gSA 16 |

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

Jheku~ xka/kh us fofHkUu oxks± dh leL;kvksa ds ckjs dgk] ^^dkaxzsl fgUnw&eqfLye&fl[k my>uksa ds ckjs esa bl ckr ij lger gks xbZ gS fd og fo'ks"k vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs fdlh vksj dh ekaxksa] fdlh Hkh :i esa Lohdkj djus dks rS;kj ugha gSA eSua s fo'ks"k fgrksa dh lwph cM+s /;ku ls lquh gSA tgka rd vNwrksa dk laca/k gS] eSa MkW- vEcsM+dj dh ckr le> ugha ldkA gk¡] dkaxsl z MkW- vEcsM+dj ds lkFk vNwrksa ds fgrksa dh vxqokbZ djus dk mÙkjnkf;Ro ysus dks rS;kj gSA dkaxzsl dks vNwrksa ds fgr brus gh I;kjs gSa] ftrus Hkkjr dh Hkwfe dh yackbZ&pkSMkbZ esa fdlh vU; dks gSA blfy, eSa fgUnw] eqfLye vkSj fl[k ds vykok] fdlh vU; dks fo'ks"k vf/kdkj nsus dk lny fojks/k d:axkA** xka/kh vkSj dkaxsl z us [kqYye[kqYyk vNwrksa ds fo:) yM+kbZ dh 'kq:vkr dj nhA MkW- vEcsMdj us 12 vDrwcj] 1931 dks yanu ds nSfud v[kckj ^Times of India* dks ;g i= fy[kk] ftlesa mUgksaus dgk ^^gesa fo'okl ;ksX; lw=ksa ls irk yxk gS fd xka/kh us eqlyekuksa dh 14 uqdkrh ekaxksa dks bl 'krZ ij ekuuk Lohdkj fd;k gS] ;fn og nfyr oxksZ ¼vNwrksa½ dh ekaxks dk fojks/k djsaxsA** MkW- vEcsMdj us dgk fd uhth ckrphr esa ;g dguk fd ;fn ckfd izfrfuf/k vNwrksa dh ekaxksa dh fgek;r djsaxs] rks og Hkh ,slk gh djsaxs A ij nwljh rjQ] eqlyekuksa ds lkFk nfyrksa dh ekaxksa dk fojks/k djus ds cnys] mudh lkjh ekaxksa dks Lohdkj djus dh lkSnsckth djuk fdlh egkRek dk ugha] vNwrksa ds tkuh nq'eu dk gh dke gks ldrk gSA xka/kh nfyrksa ds izfr u dsoy ,d fe= dh Hkwfedk gh vnk ugha dj jgs] cfYd og rks ,d bZekunkj nq'eu tSlk O;ogkj Hkh ugha viuk jgs A

17 |

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

xka/kh dh rjQ ls vNwrksa dh ekaxksa ds fojks/k dh [kcj lkjs ns'k esa taxy dh vkx dh rjg QSy xbZA ns'k esa xka/kh tks fd fojks/krk dk nfyrksa dh rjQ ls rh[kk izfrØe gqvkA Jh ,l-lh-jktk dh iz/kkuxh esa xqMxkao esa gq;s ^^dqy fgUn nfyr oxZ lEesyu** esa xka/kh ds C;kuksa dks >wBk vkSj csvFkZ dgk A dkUÝsal us MkW- vEcsM+dj dh rjQ ls is'k fd;s x;s n`f"Vdks.k dk leFkZu fd;kA fryhosyh jkscjVly ¼rfeyukMq½] yk;yiqj ¼iatkc] tks vc ikfdLrku esa gS½] djuky ¼tks vc gfj;k.kk esa gS½] fgancje] dkyhdV vkSj csyxkao] /kkjokM+] ukfld ¼egkjk"Vª½ gqxyh ¼caxky½] vgenkckn ¼xqtjkr½] VqVhdksfju] dksycksa vkSj dbZ vU; txgksa ij Hkkjh lHkk, gqbZ] ftuesa MkW- vEcsM+dj dks iqjtksj leFkZu fn;k x;k A xka/kh us dgk] ^^MkW- vEcsM+dj dh rjQ ls is'k fd;s x;s nkos vkSj nyhysa Bhd ugha gS] blds lkFk rks fgUnwokn drjs&drjs gks tk;sxk] tks eSa fdlh Hkh dher ij ekuus dks rS;kj ugh gwaA eq>s bl ckr dk nq%[k ugha gksxk fd vxj vNwr blkbZ ;k eqlyeku gks tk;sa] ij eSa fgUnwokn ds ckjs esa ;g lgu djus dks rS;kj ugha gwa fd gj xkao ds nks fgLls gks tk;sa] tks yksx vNwrksa ds fy, jktlh vf/kdkjksa dh ckr djrs gSa] og Hkkjr dks tkurs gh ugha vkSj uk gh og ;g tkurs gSa fd bl le; Hkkjrh; lekt dks dSls fodflr fd;k x;k gS A blfy, eSa iwjs tksj ds lkFk dguk pkgrk gWaw fd ;fn eq>s vdsyk gh bl ckr dk fojks/k djuk iM+s rks eSa vius thou dh ckth yxkdj Hkh ,slk gh d:axk A** 17 vxLr] 1932 dks fczfV'k ljdkj us ^Communal Award’ ¼fQjdq QSlyk½ lquk fn;k A eqlyekuksa] fl[kksa] bZlkbZ;ksa dh rjg nfyrksa dks Hkh vYila[;d ekurs gq, vyx izfrfuf/k pquus dk vf/kdkj ns 18 |

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

fn;k x;k A blls Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd bfrgkl esa vNwrksa dks igyh ckj vyx oksVksa }kjk vius izfrfuf/k pquus dk vf/kdkj izkIr gqvk A blh dkj.k ;g igyh ckj ns'k ds jktlh uDls ij fn[kkbZ fn;s] blls igys mudk dksbZ ukeksfu'kku ugha Fkk A vNwrksa ds fy, vyx pquko dk vf/kdkj dk xka/kh us l[r fojks/k fd;k vkSj dgk fd ljdkj vius QSlys esa ifjorZu djs vkSj vNwrksa ds vyx vf/kdkj okfil ys A xka/kh us ;jonk tsy ls ,d /kedh Hkjk i= iz/kkuea=h eSDMkWukYm dks fy[kk] ^^;fn nfyrksa dks fn;s x;s ^vyx pquko dk vf/kdkj* okfil u fy;k x;k] rks eSa vius izk.kksa dh ckth yxk nwaxk A** bruk gh ugha] xka/kh us vNwrksa ds vyx vf/kdkjksa ds f[kykQ vkej.k&vu'ku 'kq: dj fn;k A xka/kh dh ihB&fiNs fgUnw lekt leFkZu ds fy, [kM+k gks x;k A MkW- vEcsM+dj dks /kefd;ka nh xbZ fd tSls xka/kh ds ihNs gtkjksa&yk[kksa Hkkjrh; tsy tkus dks rS;kj gSa] oSls gh Qkalh ikus dks Hkh rS;kj gkssxsa vkSj yM+rs gq, ml oDr ej Hkh tk;sxsa] tc muds lkjs ;Ru cs vlj gks tk;sxsa A xka/kh dh ekSr fojksf/k;ksa ds fy, lq[k dk ugh cfYd eqflcrksa dk dkj.k cusaxh A bl ekSds ij MkW- vEcsM+dj us vius ,d Jheku xka/kh Hkkjr dh vktknh ds fy, ej.kozr A ij ;s ,d nq%[knk;h gSjkuh gS fd xka/kh us vius fojks/k ds fy, pquk A fQjdw QSlys ds eqlyekuksa] fl[kksa] ;wjksfi;ksa vkSj vXyksa& bafM;u oksV dk vf/kdkj fn;s x;s gSa A ijUrq xka/kh ,srjkt ugha fd;k A vxj budksa vyx oksV dk 19 |

C;ku esa dgk] ^^vxj j[krs rks oks lgh Fkk vdsys vNwrksa dks gh tfj;s Hkkjrh; blkbZ;ksa] yksxksa dks Hkh vyx us muds ckjs esa dksbZ vf/kdkj nsdj Hkkjrh;

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

jk"Vª ugha VwVrk] rks fQj vNwrks dks vyx oksV {ks= vf/kdkj nsdj Hkh fgUnw lekt ugha VwV ldrk A bu lcdk Jheku xka/kh dh rjQ ls fojks/k u djuk ;s Hkh Li"V djrk gS fd oks vNwrksa dks dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha nsuk pkgrs A bl fn'kk esa oks ges'kk iz;Ru'khy Hkh jgsa gSa A xksyest lEesyu esa mUgksaus fdlh Hkh fgUnw] eqfLye] flD[k ds vykok fdlh Hkh vYila[;d ds vf/kdkj ekuus ls bUdkj dj fn;k Fkk A tc ckdh vYila[;dksa us vkil esa le>kSrk dj fy;k rks blh egkRek th us eqlyekuksa dh igys ls BqdjkbZ gqbZ 14 ekaxksa dks bl 'krZ ij ekuuk Lohdkj fd;k fd oks nfyrksa dk leFkZu u djsa A** xka/kh vNwrksa ds /keZ ifjorZu djds muds eqlyeku ;k blkbZ cuus ds fy, rks rS;kj Fks] ij vNwrksa ds vyx vf/kdkjksa ds fy, lger ugha gq, A ^^xka/kh ds ej.kozr ds dkj.k lkjk ns'k fgy x;k vkSj xka/kh th dh tku cpkus ds fy, pkjksa rjQ ls esjs Åij ncko Mkyk x;k A tku cpkus dk ,d gh mik; Fkk fd xka/kh dh bPNk ds vuqlkj iz/kkuea=h ds QSlys esa lq/kkj fd;k tk, A bl rjg eSa cM+s /keZ&ladV esa Qal x;k Fkk A ,d rks ns'k ds cgqr fderh thou dks cpkus dk loky Fkk vkSj nwljh rjQ gtkjksa lkyksa ls ihfM+r] lfr] vNwr turk ds vf/kdkjksa dh cfy nsuk A bl le; eSa ,slh uktqd fLFkfr esa Fkk] 'kk;n gh dksbZ vksj nwljk O;fDr gks A vxj eSa xka/kh th ds izk.k ugha cpkrk rks eq>s ns'k dh 'kakfr Hkax djus okyk vkSj ekuork dk nq'eu dgk tkrk vkSj esjs lkFk vNwrksa dks Hkh bl bYtke dk Hkkxh cuuk iM+rk A vUr es]a eSua s cM+s nq[kh eu ls xka/kh th dh 'krksZa ij le>kSrk Lohdkj fd;k] tks ^iwuk&,DV* ds uke ls e'kgwj gSa A** 20 |

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

^iwuk&,DV* esa pkgs nfyrksa dks ^fQjdw QSlys* ls de lgwyrsa feyh] ij blls Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa vNwrksa dks oksV dk vf/kdkj] dsUnzh; vkSj izkUrh; fo/kku&lHkkvksa esa vius izfrfuf/k Hkstus] iqfyl HkrhZ] 'kSf{kd&lqfo/kk,a vkSj ukSdfj;ksa esa vkjf{kr LFkku izkIr gqvk A lfn;ksa ls ifNM+s] yrkMs+] vNwrksa] xqyke vius nq[k&nnZ dh dgkuh lqukus ;ksX; gq, A ;g ,d fcuk [kwu&[kjkcs ds ,slk badykc Fkk] tks vdsys MkW- vEcsMdj dh ;ksX;rk] yxu] R;kx] esgur vkSj la?k"kZ ds dkj.k gh gqvk Fkk] ftuds dkj.k vNwrksa dh vktknh dh 'kq:vkr gqbZ A lanHkZ% izLrqr v/;k; MkW- ,l-,y-fojnh] ^^tc xka/kh us ^vNwrksa** dks T;knk vf/kdkj nsus ds fo:) vkej.k&ozr fd;k ** v[kckj-----------------cq/kokj] 6 vDrwcj 2006 laikndh iUuk dk iatkch ys[k ls fgUnh HkkouqoknÂ˝

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

5- tkfrokn ,oa ekuokf/kdkj lkekftd lqj{kk dh Hkkouk ekuo dks mlds vf/kdkj feyus dh fLFkfr esa vkrh gS A ekuokf/kdkjksa ls vfHkizk;] balku ds thou ¼izk.k½] LorU=rk] lekurk rFkk xfjek ls lEcfU/kr ,sls vf/kdkjksa ls gS] tks Hkkjrh; lafo/kku }kjk ;k vUrjkZ"Vªh; izlafo/kkvksa }kjk ekU; gSa vkSj ftudks Hkkjr ds U;k;ky;ksa esa ykxw fd;k tkrk gS A nwljs 'kCnksa esa lEekutud thou thus ds fy, t:jh vf/kdkjksa dks ekuo vf/kdkj dgrs gSa A ysfdu vxj ge Hkkjrh; lekt dh orZeku fLFkfr ns[krs gSa] rks ikrs gSa fd ekuokf/kdkjksa dk mYya?ku gksuk] ;gka ij vke ckr gS A vktkn Hkkjr ds lÙkklhu usrk o fpUrd ;gh ekurs jgs gSa fd vkfFkZd fodkl o f'k{kk ds izpkj&izlkj ds lkFk&lkFk tkfr izFkk o Nqvk&Nwr tSlh xyh&lM+h ijEijkvksa dk Lor% gh vUr gks tk;sxk] ysfdu mudh ;g lksp vc rd lgh lkfcr ugha gqbZ gS A bu cqjkbZ;ksa ds fo:) Bksl dne u mBkus ls mudks feVkus dk ladYi dsoy ,d ln~bPNk cudj jg x;k] cfYd vktknh ds ckn viukbZ xbZ vkfFkZd&lkekftd uhfr;ksa ls gq, vleku fodkl o iwokZxzgiw.kZ f'k{kk us bls vkSj etcwr fd;k A /khjs&/khjs tkfr&izFkk us Lo;a dks jktuhfrd bdkbZ ds rkSj ij laxfBr dj fy;k A tkfr&izFkk ds fo:) lkekftd vfHk;ku u pykus ds dkj.k gh lekt esa O;kIr tkfrxr nqjkxzg&iwokZxzgxzLr laLdkjksa] fopkjksa] ekU;rkvksa] fjoktksa o deZdk.M+ksa us lkekftd&lkoZtfud thou dks fdl rjg izHkkfor fd;k gS A1 bldk Toyar izek.k gesa orZeku esa fyf[kr nfyr lkfgR; esa feyrk gS A 22 |

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vuqlwfpr tkfr ;k nfyr] tks Hkh dg fyft, budh leL;kvksa dh izd`fr lkekftd gS A lkekftd leL;k dk funku jktuhfrd] iz'kklfud ,oa vkfFkZd mik;ksa ls ugha fudkyk tk ldrk gS A dsUnz esa dY;k.k ea=ky;] x`g ea=ky; vkSj lHkh jkT;ksa esa dY;k.k foHkkxksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA budk ewy dke gS nfyr dh leL;kvksa dk gy fudkyuk A Lok/khurk feyus ls vkt rd bu ek/;eksa ls bruk /ku O;; fd;k x;k gS fd vkt ;g leL;k ugha jguh pkfg, Fkh ijUrq leL;k gSA2 buds /ku ls rFkkdfFkr Lo.kksZ vkSj dqN jktuhfrd vkSj iz'kklfud nfyrksa dks rks Qk;nk igqapk] tcfd okLrfod t:jreaan rks bu leL;kvksa ls vc Hkh tw> jgs gSa vkSj bu dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa dh igqp a ls cgqr nwj gS A vuqlwfpr

tkfr@tutkfr

¼vR;kpkj

vf/kfu;e ¼The Scheduled Caste/Tribe (Prevention of Attrocities½ Act 1989½ dk eq[; mís'; mDr tkfr;ksa dks] rFkkdfFkr mPp tkfr;ksa ds vR;kpkjksa ls eqDr djokuk gS A ihfMr i{k] fu'kqYd dkuwuh lgk;rk dk ik= gS A nks"kh dks tqekZuk lfgr 6 ekg ls ikap o"kZ rd dh dSn gks ldrh gS A bu ekeyksa ds fy, izns'k esa fo'ks"k vnkyrksa dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS A dksbZ yksdlsod tks vuqlwfpr tkfr vFkok tutkfr ls lEcfU/kr u gks rFkk vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj dÙkZO; ikyu u djs rks 6 ekg ls ,d o"kZ rd dSnlfgr tqekZuk gks ldrk gS A nks"kh }kjk] ftl py ;k vpy lEifÙk dk bLrseky] vR;kpkj djus esa fd;k gks og tCr gks ldrh gS A vnkyr] ml O;fDr dks nks o"kZ ds fy, fufnZ"V {ks= ls fu"dkf"kr jgus ds fy, vkns'k ns ldrh gS] tgka ml O;fDr }kjk dksbZ vR;kpkj djus dk vans'kk gks A3 ysfdu okLrfodrk blds fcYdqy foifjr jgrh ghS D;ksfa d bl ,DV dh dk;Zokgh gksus ls igys gh 23 |

fuokj.k½

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le>kSrs ;k lkekftd ncko ;k dks vHkko gksus ds dkj.k ;g lkewfgd cykRdkj ds nks"kh NwV ds nks"kh ljsvke ?kwers gSa vkSj A

iz'kklfud nkoisap o lwpuk dk] ihfM+r lc dkxth dk;Zokgh jg tkrk gS A tkrs gSa] lkewfgd vfXudk.M] uj&lagkj ljdkj o iz'kklu pqIih cka/ks j[krk gS

iwjs ns'k dh tula[;k esa izfr'kr ds fglkc ls vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh lcls vf/kd tula[;k iatkc esa ¼26-87%½] fgekpy izns'k esa ¼2462%½] if'pe caxky esa ¼21-99%½] mÙkj izns'k esa ¼21-16%½] gfj;k.kk esa ¼19-07%½] rfeyukMw esa ¼18-35%½] jktLFkku esa ¼17-03%½] f=iqjk esa ¼15-12%½ gS A tcfd vU; jkT;ksa esa tula[;k dk izfr'kr 15 ls de gSA4 efgyk mRihM+u ,d vke leL;k gS] cM+s ?kj dh vkSjrksa dk mRihM+u ?kj dh pkgj fnokjh ds vUnj rd lhfer gksrk gS A nfyr efgykvksa ds lkFk vUnj ckgj gj txg mRihM+u gksrk gS A ?kj esa ?kj ds yksxksa }kjk vkSj ckgj lekt }kjk D;ksafd os [ksrksa] [kfygkuksa esa dke djrh gSa A bu dk;ZLFkyksa ij mudk 'kks"k.k gksrk gS A bZV ds HkV~Bksa ij muds lkFk cykRdkj dh ?kVuk,a izk;% izfrosfnr gksrh gS ysfdu rFkkdfFkr mPp oxZ dh izHkkoh iapk;rksa o tkrh; usrkvksa dh feyh&Hkxr ls ihfM+r efgyk ds ifjokj ij ncko cuk;k tkrk gS vkSj dbZ ckj rks mudh gR;k rd dj nh tkrh gS A nwljk U;k; izfØ;k dh yEch vof/k ds gksus ds dkj.k ihfM+r yksx ekufld :i ls vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls izrkfM+r gksrs gSa A nqHkkZX; gS fd 'kklu&O;oLFkk vHkh rd dsoy vius oknksa ij [kM+h gS A tc rd mudks lkekftd leL;kvksa ls NqVdkjk ugha feysxk rc rd os nfyr gh jgsaxs A mudh cgq&csfV;ksa ds lkFk nqjkpkj gksrk jgsxk A 24 |

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tkfrxr lkEiznkf;drk dks c<+kok nsus okys usrkvksa us] laxBuksa us o jktuhfrd nyksa us dHkh tkfrokn ds f[kykQ vfHk;ku ugha pyk;kA gkยก] muds fy, tfVy fLFkfr vo'; jgh gS fd mudks tkfr;ksa esa caVk gqvk] ,d ds ร ij ,d mPp tkfr okyk lekt Hkh pkfg, vkSj lkEiznkf;drk dh jktuhfr dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, lHkh tkfr;ksa dks ,d leqnk; dh igpku nsus okyk eap Hkh pkfg, A blh ckr dks bl rjg Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd lkEiznkf;d 'kfDr;ksa dks lkekftd :i ls tkfr;ksa esa foHkkftr lekt pkfg, vkSj jktuhfrd n`f"V ls lHkh ,d >.Ms ds rys Hkh A5 okLrfodrk rks ;g Hkh gS fd nfyrksa dks viuk oksV nsus dh Hkh LorU=rk ugha gS] D;ksafd viuh xqtj clj ds fy, ftu yksxksa ds ?kjksa esa ;k [ksrksa esa os dke djrs gSa] os yksx mUgsa dke NqMokus vkSj vU; rjhdksa ls nck;s j[krs gSa A ;fn os yksx vius euekus <ax ls oksV ns Hkh nsrs gSa rks mudks ekjk&ihVk tkrk gS ?kjksa esa rksM+QksM dh tkrh gS A jktuhfrK vkSj iz'kklu ;g dgdj iYyk >kM+ ysrk gS fd ;g nks xqVksa dh fHkMUr ek= gS A nwljk igyw ;g Hkh gS fd mEehnokj rks vkilh lkB xkยกB ls lEcU/k etcwr dj ysrs gSa] ysfdu blesa filrs cspkjs nfyr gh gSa A Hkkjrh; lafo/kku }kjk izR;sd ukxfjd dks fuEufyf[kr ewy vf/kdkj fn;s x;s gSa] ftUgsa ekuo&vf/kdkjksa esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS& 1-

lekurk dk vf/kdkj

LorU=rk dk vf/kdkj

thou o O;fDrxr LorU=rk dk vf/kdkj 25 |

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nks"k flf) ds fo:) vf/kdkj

'kks"k.k ds fo:) vf/kdkj

blh izdkj vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh ekuokf/kdkjksa dks ekU;rk nh xbZ gS A tSls 1948 esa ekuokf/kdkjksa dh lkoZHkkSfed ?kks"k.kk ¼Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948½ vkSj 1993 esa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dh fo;uk ?kks"k.kk ¼Viena Declaration of Human Rights½ bu ?kks"k.kkvksa esa ewy vf/kdkjksa ls lEcfU/kr vf/kdkjksa dk o.kZu gS A mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij efgykvksa ,oa ckfydkvksa dk 'kks"k.k ds fo:) vf/kdkj] vYila[;dksa dk lkaLd`frd&/kkfeZd ,oa Hkk"kk lEcU/kh vf/kdkj] 'kj.k ikus dk vf/kdkj] tkrh;rk ds HksnHkko dks [kRe djuk vkfn A6 vkt dh okLrfod fLFkfr ;g gS fd tks Hkh yksx ekuokf/kdkj ds fy, la?k"kZ djrs gSa] og Hkh vlqjf{kr jgrs gSa rFkk mu ij >wBh dk;Zokfg;ak ;k iz'kklfud ncko Mkyk tkrk gS] ftuds ifj.kkeLo:i U;k;&izfØ;k dk igyk pj.k gh VwV tkrk gSA ekuokf/kdkfj;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx dk xBu jk"Vªh; Lrj ij fd;k x;k gS A ysfdu mijksDr of.kZr rF; ekuokf/kdkj dh tkap dk fo"k; ugha curh gS D;ksafd os vuqlwfpr& tkfr dh gSa ;k nfyrksa ls lEcfU/kr gSa A vlekurk] HksnHkko] LokfHkeku dk 'kks"k.k] Lok/khurk dh ywV] cykRdkj] NwvkNwr tSls vijk/k D;k ekuokf/kdkjksa dk guu ugha gS\ bl oLrqfLFkfr dk o.kZu djus dk gekjk vfHkizk; gS fd bu leL;kvksa dk lgh fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, vko';d dne mBk;s x;s rkfd 26 |

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ge lgh :i esa ekuorkoknh] /keZ&fujis{krkoknh bR;kfn 'kCnksa dks vius ns'k o lekt ds lkFk yxkus esa xoZ eglwl djsa A bl lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr ckrsa fopkj dk fo"k; gks ldrh gS%& 1-

tks Hkh vf/kfu;e ;k dkuwu cus gSa( mUgsa izHkkoiw.kZ <ax ls ykxw fd;k tk,a A

U;k; dh izfØ;k esa ikjnf'kZrk ykbZ tk,a A

ihfM+rksa dks mfpr eqvkotk o U;k; fn;k tk, A

nks"kh O;fDr;ksa dks mfpr naM fn;k tk, vkSj fu"i{k dk;Zokgh gks A

U;k;&izfØ;k esa jktuhfrd gLr{ksi ij jksd yxkbZ tk, A

U;k; dsoy dkxth dk;Zokgh u gksdj] O;ogkfjd vkSj izHkkoh gks A

f'k{kk esa Lok;Ùkrk gks vkSj jktuhfrd gLr{ksi dks [kRe fd;k tk, A

ekuokf/kdkjksa dk guu djus okyh [kki&iapk;rksa vkSj tkrh; fgalk dks c<+kok nsus okys yksxksa dks ns'knzksgh djkj nsdj] mu ij eqdnek nk;j fd;k tk, A

iz'kklfud vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ladh.kZ fopkj/kkjk j[kus okyksa ds f[kykQ dk;Zokgh gks

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

10- ljdkj ;k vk;ksx fdlh dk.M ds gksus ij gh fØ;k'khy u gks cfYd igys ls gh viuh ftEesnkjh vkSj uSfrd dÙkZO;ksa dks ogu djs A 11- ljdkjh foHkkxksa esa nfyrksa ds dY;k.kkFkZ 'kq: fd;s x, dk;ZØeksa esa iSlk [kkus okyksa ds f[kykQ mfpr dk;Zokgh gksA 12- nfyrksa o vU; lHkh xjhc oxZ dks jktuhfrd vkSj iz'kklfud dgj ls eqfDr fnykbZ tk,a A fu"d"kZr%

;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd nfyr ,oa vU; fiNM+s oxksZ dh leL;kvksa dks lkekftd leL;kvksa dh rjg gh izLrqr fd;k tk,a u fd mUgsa jktuhfrd ,oa vkfFkZd eq[kkSVk iguk;k tk,a A U;k;&izfØ;k esa fujis{krk] f'k{kk dh Lok;rrk ,oa mijksDr fo"k;ksa ij bZekunkjh ls fpUru djus ij gh bu leL;kvksa dk lgh gy [kkstk tk ldrk gSA

lanHkZ % 1-

lqHkk"k pUnz] nfyr vkRedFkk,¡ % vuqHko ls fparu] lkfgR; miØe] 2006] i`"B &11

ft;k yky vk;Z] nfyr dgk¡ tk,¡] izdk'ku laLFkku] ubZ fnYyh] 2005] i`"B & 23

MkW- ,l-,l- 'khyoar] vkids dkuwuh vf/kdkj] lkFkh izdk'ku] 2008] i`"B & 154

ft;k yky vk;Z] nfyr dgka tk,a] i`"B & 26 28 |

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lqHkk"k pUnz] lkEiznkf;drk] lkfgR; miĂ&#x2DC;e] 2006] i`"B & 63

MkW- ,l-,l- 'khyoar] vkids dkuwuh vf/kdkj] i`"B & 136

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M i l e s t o n e E d u c a t i o n R e v i e w : Year 03, No.01 (April, 2012)

6. Annual Report of the Society Programme Oragnised: An interactive meeting on “Jan Lokpal Bill: Issues and Future Perspectives”, Centre for Positive Philosophy and Interdisciplinary Studies (CPPIS), MSES (Regd.). Pehowa (Kurukshetra) on dated 14-04-2011. http://niyamakpicture.blogspot.com/2011/04/dr-brambedkar-jayanti-2011.html National Level Essay Competition for Students on the theme "Problems Contemporaneity Indian Society" held on 5th September 2011 (Teacher's Day. http://niyamakpicture.blogspot.com/2011/09/national-level-essay-competitionprize.html E-Seminar on “Philosophy of Shaheed Bhagat Singh” held on 23rd March, 2012 http://niyamakphilosophy.blogspot.in/ Publications: E-book: Philosophy, Education and Indian Value System, Cooperjal Limited, April 2011. http://niyamakpsychology.blogspot.com/2011/04/new-publicationphilosophyeducation-and.html E-book: Positive philosophy for Contemporary Indian society, Cooperjal Limited, May 2011. http://niyamakphilosophy.blogspot.com/2011/05/new-publication-positivephilosophy-for.html Reconsidering Classical Indian Thoughts, Edited by: Dr Desh Raj Sirswal, Centre for Positive Philosophy and Interdisciplinary Studies (CPPIS), Pehowa (Kurukshetra), and ISBN: 978-81-922377-0-1, First Edition, 2011. http://niyamakphilosophy.blogspot.com/2011/12/understanding-indian-valuesystem.html E-book :Understanding Indian-Value System through Sri Aurobindo’s Education System (An online anthology of Sri Aurobindo's Ideas) by Gitanjalee Bora & Desh Raj Sirswal,Centre for Positive Philosophy and Interdisciplinary Studies (CPPIS), Pehowa (Kurukshetra), First Edition, December 06th 2011. http://niyamakpsychology.blogspot.com/2011/11/new-book-reconsideringclassical-indian.html

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