Selling Spaces in Globalized Homogeneity through IKEA Gurgaon

SELLING SPACES IN GLOBALISED HOMOGENEITY through

IKEA, GURGAON

Guide: Prof. Mandeep Singh Prof. Vikas Kanojia Studio Director: Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover Mili Jain A/2560/2013

Read On the Web

Guides Prof. (Dr.) Mandeep Singh Prof. Vikas Kanojia Coordinator Prof. (Dr.) Aruna Ramani Grover Cover Page Illustration Jonathan Pugh Author Mili Jain milijain_95@yahoo.co.in

June 2018 School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi ii

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SELLING SPACES IN GLOBALISED HOMOGENEITY THROUGH IKEA AT GURGAON

Abstract Introduction

Globalization made cities ask to be free from the constraints of identity. This usually translates into attempts to homogenize cityscapes across the globe. However, lack of acknowledgment of globalising, generic architecture results in buildings deemed ‘characterless’.

Thesis Proposition

In the absence of cultural context, it becomes imperative to identify other determinants for architecture. International brands trying to set up roots in new countries today ask for this lack of identity while demanding a strong urban presence.

Design Drivers Identification of Issues • • • •

• • • •

What is a ‘generic city’ style?

How is Gurgaon a generic city?

What makes retail spaces viable in the 21st century?

How have international brands set themselves in the Indian market?

How does a typical IKEA store look and work?

What are the design constraints for an IKEA store?

How do Flagship/Anchor stores function?

What are the design and technical requirements?

• Impossibility of Context in Gurgaon How do Flagship/ Anchor stores function?

What are the design and technical requirements?

Case Studies • IKEA Hyderabad • Reliance Mart, Faridabad • Metro Store

Big Boxes in India

•

Physical retail space relies heavily on Experientiality

•

Bringing in the Public Literally and Figuratively

•

Brand Identity & Functionality drives design of retail spaces

•

The Long ‘Natural Way’ of IKEA

•

Capitalizing on the Heavy Footfall of Retail Stores to Generate Energy

A/2560/2013

MILI JAIN

Site Selection and Reading of the Site

IKEA’s plans to set up 25 stores in India provide the logistics needed to probe the phenomenon.

Their first store in Northern India is planned to be built in Gurgaon. Gurgaon is the ideal example of the dreary desert of ‘absolute freedom’ provided by the tabula rasa. It is the perfect placeless city to absorb international brands into its folds.

Store Customer Area – 44.9% Store Back End – 18.3% Space 10 – Public Area – 2.1%

���

Space 10 Labs & Workshop – 27.9% Mechanical Areas – 6.7%

Research Outcomes

Certain cities demand to be free from strong cultural identities to be able to accommodate global citizens and lifestyles.

The public experience of shopping has become an activity based on interest rather than need. Hence, the ‘shop’ is as much of an attraction as the product.

The blue and yellow IKEA store is characterized by box-like forms. Its one-way layout ‘encourages’ people to see the store in its entirety.

Appropriate Location to No Existing Crowd Generate Direct & to tap into Indirect Footfall

Create an urban presence for big box stores

Trade Dress elements overpowering Building Expression

Inferences – Case Studies

Brands dictate building expression in the form of trade dress elements. Functionality & Experience takes clear precedence over response to physical or cultural context for retail stores. An efficient store space is one where restocking and servicing can happen at all times without hindrance to customers or the store neighbors in any way,While most stores have great scope of utilizing daylight, they do little to achieve sustainable design.

Capitalize on the Placeless-ness of Lack of FamilyHeavy Footfall Gurgaon allows Centric Attraction to expected in the IKEA to sit in it the Store Store

Competition from Proposed District Center

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1

Perspective Views

Facade Development

External Wall Sections

SELLING SPACES IN GLOBALISED HOMOGENEITY THROUGH IKEA AT GURGAON 2

Concepts and Strategies The typically closed big box”retail model needs to be reconsidered to achieve a more dynamic urban presence as well as promote the brand. One way of doing this is through a permeable and animated envelope where the activities taking place inside can be showcased and can interact with urban activity.

Hence, A “deep wall” system is created, where new programmatic options can be explored blurring the line between inside and outside to give the users and pedestrians a more interactive experience.

SPREAD OUT SPACE 10

Technology

Design Development

SITE

Technology Drivers for this Thesis will be as follows: Reduce Excessive Intake of Water Capitalize on Heavy Footfall Optimize Air-Conditioning Achieve Efficient Parking Appropriate Facade

ge

sta

parking core circulation servicing open space

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TYPICAL IKEA BIG BOX

PUNCTURE MASS

1

low on experiential-ity insufficient in number no overlaps; long walks concentrated; inefficient ample; unusable

ADD SPACE 10

CREATE URBAN STREET

MAINTAIN BOX EDGE

ARTICULATE COURTS

2 ge sta

congested entry appropriate locations traffic overlaps concentrated ample; unusable

ESTABLISH DISTRICT CENTER CONNECTION

3 ge sta

4 ge sta

5 ge sta

common exit & entry insufficient in number traffic overlaps inefficient pedestrian access

entry & exit split efficient locations articulation of access need travellators open space split

efficient entry & exit efficient numbers articulation of street covers most areas unhindered movement

Sectional View through Exhibit Court

Site Plan & Section

Building Sections

Sectional View through Space 10

सार

गुरगांव में आईकेई के माध्यम से ग्लोबलिज्ड होमोग्नेटी में स्पेस बेचना

परिचय

वैश्वीकरण ने शहरों को पहचान की बाधाओं से मुक्त होने के लिए कहा। यह आमतौर पर दुनिया भर में शहर के दृश्यों को एकरूपता करने के प्रयासों में अनुवाद करता है। हालांकि, वैश्वीकरण की स्वीकृति की कमी, इमारतों में सामान्य वास्तुकला के परिणाम ‘चरित्रहीनʼ समझा जाता है।

प्रस्थापना

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ की अनुपस्थिति में, वास्तुकला के लिए अन्य निर्धारकों की पहचान करना अनिवार्य हो जाता है। नए देशों में जड़ें स्थापित करने की कोशिश में, अंतरराष्ट्रीय ब्रांड मजबूत शहरी उपस्थिति की मांग करते हुए पहचान की कमी के लिए पूछते हैं।

समस्याओं की पहचान • • • • • •

•

‘जेनेरिक सिटीʼ शैली क्या है? गुड़गांव एक सामान्य शहर कैसा है?

21 वीं शताब्दी में खुदरा रिक्त स्थान क्या व्यवहार्य बनाता है? अंतरराष्ट्रीय फर्मों ने खुद को भारतीय संदर्भ में कैसे स्थापित किया है? एक ठेठ आईकेईए स्टोर कैसे दिखता है और काम करता है? आईकेईए स्टोर के लिए डिज़ाइन बाधाएं क्या हैं? फ्लैगशिप / एंकर स्टोर कैसे काम करते हैं? उनके डिजाइन और तकनीकी आवश्यकताओं क्या हैं?

डिजाइन ड्राइवर्स

Big Boxes in India फ्लैगशिप / एंकर स्टोर कैसे काम करते हैं? उनके डिजाइन और तकनीकी आवश्यकताओं क्या हैं?

•

गुड़गांव में संदर्भ की असंभवता

•

शारीरिक खुदरा स्थान अनुभवीता पर भारी निर्भर करता है

•

जनता लाओ

व्यष्टि अध्ययन • आईकेईए हैदराबाद • रिलायंस मार्ट, फरीदाबाद • मेट्रो स्टोर

•

खुदरा रिक्त स्थान की ब्रांड पहचान और कार्यक्षमता

•

आईकेईए का लांग ‘प्राकृतिक तरीकाʼ

•

ऊर्जा उत्पन्न करने के लिए खुदरा स्टोर के भारी फुटबाल पर पूंजीकरण

भारत में बड़े बक्से

िमली जैन

A/2560/2013 साइट चयन और साइट के पढ़ने

आईकेईए की भारत में 25 स्टोर स्थापित करने की योजना इस घटना की जांच के लिए आवश्यक रसद प्रदान करती है। उत्तरी भारत में उनका पहला स्टोर गुड़गांव में बनने की योजना है। गुड़गांव पूर्वनिर्धारित विचारों की अनुपस्थिति द्वारा प्रदान की गई ‘पूर्ण स्वतंत्रताʼ का आदर्श उदाहरण है। अंतरराष्ट्रीय ब्रांडों को अपने क्षेत्र में अवशोषित करने के लिए यह एक आदर्श निर्बाध शहर है।

Store Customer Area – 44.9% Store Back End – 18.3% Space 10 – Public Area – 2.1%

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Space 10 Labs & Workshop – 27.9% Mechanical Areas – 6.7%

अनुसंधान परिणाम

कुछ नागरिक वैश्विक नागरिकों और जीवन शैली को समायोजित करने में सक्षम होने के लिए मजबूत सांस्कृतिक पहचान से मुक्त होने की मांग करते हैं। खरीदारी का सार्वजनिक अनुभव आवश्यकता के बजाय आकर्षण के आधार पर एक गतिविधि बन गया है। इसलिए, ‘दुकानʼ उत्पाद के रूप में एक आकर्षण के रूप में ज्यादा है। नीले और पीले आईकेईए स्टोर को बॉक्स-जैसी रूपों द्वारा दर्शाया गया है। इसका एक-तरफा लेआउट लोगों को स्टोर को पूरी तरह से देखने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करता है।

सम्मेलन - केस स्टडीज

ब्रांड व्यापार पोशाक तत्वों के रूप में इमारत अभिव्यक्ति को निर्देशित करते हैं। खुदरा दुकानों के लिए भौतिक या सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ के जवाब में कार्यक्षमता और अनुभव स्पष्ट प्राथमिकता लेता है। एक कुशल स्टोर स्पेस वह जगह है जहां किसी भी तरह से ग्राहकों या स्टोर पड़ोसियों में बाधा के बिना हर समय रीस्टॉकिंग और सर्विसिंग हो सकती है। जबकि अधिकांश दुकानों में डेलाइट का उपयोग करने का बहुत बड़ा गुंजाइश है, वे टिकाऊ डिजाइन को प्राप्त करने के लिए बहुत कम करते हैं।

प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष दृश्य उत्पन्न करने के लिए उचित स्थान

पूंजीकरण करने के लिए कोई मौजूदा भीड़ नहीं

गुड़गांव की निर्दयी नस्ल आईकेईए में बैठने की इजाजत देता है

स्टोर में फैमिलीसेंट्रिक आकर्षण की कमी

बड़े बॉक्स स्टोर के बिल्डिंग अभिव्यक्ति को सशक्त बनाने लिए शहरी उपस्थिति वाले व्यापार पोशाक बनाएं तत्व

दुकान में अपेक्षित भारी फुटपाथ पर पूंजीकरण

1

प्रस्तावित जिला केंद्र से प्रतिस्पर्धा

2 अवधारणाओं और रणनीतियां

सामान्य बंद बड़े बॉक्स खुदरा मॉडल को एक गतिशील शहरी उपस्थिति के साथ-साथ ब्रांड को बढ़ावा देने के लिए पुनर्विचार की आवश्यकता है। ऐसा करने का एक तरीका एक पारगम्य और एनिमेटेड मुखौटा के माध्यम से है जहां अंदर की गतिविधियों को प्रदर्शित किया जा सकता है और शहरी गतिविधि के साथ बातचीत कर सकता है। इसलिए, एक “गहरी दीवार” प्रणाली बनाई गई है, जहां उपयोगकर्ताओं और पैदल चलने वालों को अधिक इंटरैक्टिव अनुभव देने के लिए अंदर और बाहर के बीच की रेखा को धुंधला करने के लिए नए प्रोग्रामेटिक विकल्पों का पता लगाया जा सकता है।

साइट

SPACE 10 बाहर फैलाओ

टाइकिकल IKEA बिग बॉक्स

मास ब्रेक करें

SPACE 10 जोड़ें

उरबन स्ट्रीट बनाएं

मुख्य बॉक्स एज

सन्धियुक्त प्रांगण

जिला केंद्र जोड़ स्थापित करना

प्रौद्योगिकी • • • • • •

इस थीसिस के लिए प्रौद्योगिकी ड्राइवर्स निम्नानुसार होंगे: पानी के अत्यधिक सेवन कम करें भारी फुटपाथ पर पूंजीकरण एयर कंडीशनिंग अनुकूलित करें कुशल पार्किंग प्राप्त करें उपयुक्त फसाद

पार्किंग कोर प्रसार सर्विसिंग खुली जगह

अनुभव पर कम संख्या में अपर्याप्त कोई ओवरलैप नहीं; दूर तक चलना ध्यान केंद्रित किया; अप्रभावी पर्याप्त; व्यर्थ

भीड़ प्रवेश उपयुक्त स्थान यातायात ओवरलैप ध्यान केंद्रित किया पर्याप्त; व्यर्थ

आम निकास और प्रवेश संख्या में अपर्याप्त यातायात ओवरलैप अप्रभावी पैदल यात्री का उपयोग

प्रवेश और निकास विभाजन कुशल स्थान पहुंच की अभिव्यक्ति travellators की जरूरत है खुली जगह विभाजित करें

कुशल प्रवेश और निकास कुशल संख्याएं सड़क की अभिव्यिक्त अधिकांश क्षेत्रों को कवर आसान चालक

DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE SPA DELHI

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Declaration 4th June 2018 The work embodied in this thesis, titled Selling Spaces in Globalised Homogeneity through IKEA Gurgaon has been carried out by the undersigned as part of the requisites of the undergraduate program in the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi. The thesis was completed under the guidance of Prof. (Dr.) Mandeep Singh and Ar. Vikas Kanojia, and supervised by Prof. (Dr.) Aruna Ramani Grover.

The undersigned here declares that this is her original work and has not been plagiarized in part or full from any source. Furthermore this work has not been submitted for any degree in this or any other university.

Mili Jain A/2560/2013 School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi

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Certificate 4th June 2018 This thesis, titled Selling Spaces in Globalised Homogeneity through IKEA Gurgaon was carried out during the January - May 2018 semester at the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, under our guidance. Thereafter, based on the Declaration by the candidate on 1st May 2018, the work was presented to a Jury on 24th & 25th May 2018. On successful completion of the jury process and completion of the report in all respects, we provisionally accept the Thesis Report and forward the same to the Studio Director.

Prof. (Dr.) Mandeep Singh

Ar. Vikas Kanojia

On successful completion of the course by the candidate, I hereby accept her Thesis Report on behalf of the Head of Department to be placed in the Library of the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi.

Prof. (Dr.) Aruna Ramani Grover Thesis Coordinator 2018

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Acknowledgment This thesis would not have the spirit that it does without the invaluable academic support of my thesis guides, Dr. Mandeep Singh, Professor, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi and Ar. Vikas Kanojia, Principal Architect, Studio CoDe. Their scholarly inputs, consistent encouragement and unflinching belief in me have been a gratifying experience throughout the project work. People with an amicable and positive disposition, they always ensured that they were available to clarify my doubts despite their busy schedules. I considered it a great opportunity to execute my thesis under their guidance and learn from their research expertise.

Completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the support of Ar. Thomas Oommen, Prof. Jaya Kumar, Ar Suneet Mohindru and Prof. Amit Hajela for helping me through tricky confusions and I would like to express my heartfelt recognition to them. I would also like to thank Prof. Parul Kiri Roy and Prof. Anjali Mittal, who kept me going with their constant encouragement and support throughout the semester, and even before that.

No research is possible without the unconditional support and guidance of the coordinator and I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover.

Closer to home, I would like to thank my father, Pramod Jain, who being a practicing architect himself, burst my bubble of fantasies periodically to ensure that my work remains rooted in reality. My mother, Mamta Jain, has been my greatest motivation who made sure I reached school every day, without which none of the rest would have been thinkable.

Thank You.

Mili Jain

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Table of Contents

Abstract iv

Certificate xiii

List of Abbreviations

xx

सार viii

Acknowledgment xv

List of Tables

xx

Declaration xi

List of Figures

List of Drawings

xxi

xviii

Introduction 1 Research 5 Program 45 Prologue 2

Framework 6

IKEA Components

46

Research Proposition

2

Placeless-ness 7

Detailed Area Program

47

Objectives 3

Contemporary Retail Spaces 11

Program Analysis

51

Need for Study

3

Architecture & Branding

Space Standards

55

Design Project

4

Conclusion 26

Workshop Requirements

58

Client Profile

4

Big Boxes

16

27 Site Synthesis

What is a Big-Box Store?

28

Site Setting

60

IKEA Hyderabad

29

Site Plan

61

Reliance Mart, Faridabad

35

Site Condition

62

Metro Mall, Seelampur, Delhi 39

Developmental Norms

62

Comparative Analysis

Site Analysis

63

41

Conclusion 44

xvi

59

Conclusion 64

Technology 65 Design Drivers Occupancy 66 Qualitative Drivers Toilet Requirements

67 Quantitative Drivers

Reduction in Water Intake 69 Site Synthesis

87 Development 99 Design Portfolio 107 88 Stage 1

100 Site Plan

108

89 Stage 2

101 Floor Plans

109

90 Stage 3

102 Service & Warehouse

113 115

Electrical Requirements

72 Site Planning

91 Stage 4

103 Automated Parking

HVAC System

77 Movement Systems

92 Stage 5

104 Sections 117

Power Generation

78

Automated Parking

82

Structure

84 Opportunities with the Box 94

Design Translation 93

Conclusion 86 Interpretation on Site

95

Facade 96

Design Journey

105 Elevations 118

Resultant Zoning

106 External Wall Sections

119

Views 120 Area Statement

127

Model 130

Jury Comments

133

Notes

134

Bibliography 135

xvii

List of Figures 18

Fig. 35. Intended Lower Ground Floor Plan, Reliance Mart, Source:

Fig. 1. Illustration on the Homogenization of Architectural Identity

Fig. 17. IKEA Flag Placement, Source: Confidential

across the World. Source: Leewardists 1

Fig. 18. IKEA Navigation Tower Example, Source: Confidential 18

prithviestates.com 35

Fig. 2. Architectural Expressions in Global Cities across the World

Fig. 19. Possible Configurations of an IKEA Store, Source:

Fig. 36. Actual Lower Ground Floor Plan, Reliance Mart, Source:

Source: Rem Koolhaas for Venice Biennial 2014

5

Confidential 19

prithviestates.com & Author

Fig. 3. Research Framework, Source: Author

6

Fig. 20. The Long Natural Way of IKEA, Source: Author

Fig. 37. Actual Lower Ground Floor Plan, Reliance Mart, Source:

Fig. 4. Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao: Establishing Iconic

24

Fig. 21. Concept Sketch for IKEA Kaarst, introducing Daylight to

Architecture as an Architectural Style, Source: Author

7

the Store, Source: Henning Larsen Architects

25

35

prithviestates.com & Author

37

Fig. 38. Movement System in Reliance Mart, Source: Author

38

Fig. 5. MIT Simmons Hall, USA & ROC Mondriaan LAAK,

Fig. 22. IKEA Greenwich allows incorporation of wooden elements

Fig. 39. Trade Dress becomes part of the mall facade at Reliance

Netherlands: Illustrating the ‘Generic Style’ of Architecture around

to the store trade dress. Source: ikea.com/gb

25

Mart, Faridabad, Source: Author

Fig. 23. Big Box Stores in India Source: indiaretailing.com

27

Fig. 40. METRO Location & Traffic Issues, Source: Times of India 39

the world. Source: Google Images

7

Fig. 6. IBM Building, Sao Paulo, Brazil & NDMC Building, New Delhi, India Source: Google Images

7

Fig. 7. The Cities of Mumbai and Gurgaon, Source: Google Images 8 Fig. 8. Google Image Search for Gurgaon, Source: Google Images 9 Fig. 9. Pepperfry to open 46 studios by March 2018, Source: indiaretailing.com 12 Fig. 10. Chumbak Stores account for 70% of their total sales.

Source: Livemint.com

12

Fig. 11. Lenskart opened 2000 offline stores by the end of 2016, Source: indiaretailing.com

12

Fig. 12. Starbucks Store made of Upcycled Shipping Containers; Source: starbucks.com

13

Fig. 13. NEXA Dealership, Source: Google Images

14

Fig. 14. Serendipity, a concept lifestyle store down the roads of Chattarpur, Delhi Source: lbb delhi

14

Fig. 15. IKEA Hej! Home at Hyderabad, Source: Author

15

Fig. 16. Patented Layout for Apple Stores, Source: Arch Daily

17

xviii

38

Fig. 24. 3D View from South, IKEA Hyderabad, Source: Confidential

Fig. 41. Movement System in Metro Mall, Source: Author

40

29

Fig. 42. METRO Trade Dress, Source: Author

40

Fig. 25. Site Planning for IKEA, Hyderabad Source: Author &

Fig. 43. Broad Division of Areas, Source: Author

45

Confidential 29

Fig. 44. Relationship between IKEA Components, Source: Author

Fig. 26. 3D View from West, IKEA Hyderabad, Source: Confidential

46

29

Fig. 45. Anthropometric Requirements for Loading Bays Source:

Fig. 27. Basement 2 Plan, IKEA Hyderabad, Source: Confidential 30

Neuferts 55

Fig. 28. Basement 1 Plan, IKEA Hyderabad, Source: Confidential 30

Fig. 46. Anthropometric Requirements for Goods Handling

Fig. 29. Ground Floor Plan with Movement Systems, IKEA

Equipment Source: Neuferts

Hyderabad, Source: Author on Confidential

31

56

Fig. 47. Anthropometric Requirements for Escalators & Travellators

Fig. 30. First Floor Plan with Movement Systems, IKEA Hyderabad,

Source: Neuferts

Source: Author on Confidential

32

Fig. 48. Anthropometric Requirements for Warehouses Source:

Fig. 31. Elevations, IKEA, Hyderabad, Source: Confidential

33

Neuferts 57

Fig. 32. Movement System in IKEA, Hyderabad, Source: Author 34 Fig. 33. Ground Floor Plan, Reliance Mart, Source: prithviestates. com 35 Fig. 34. First Floor Plan, Reliance Mart, Source: prithviestates.com 35

56

Fig. 49. Production Sequence for a Woodwork Shop Source: Neuferts 58 Fig. 50. Relationship between materials, equipment and work spaces in a Wood Workshop. Source: Neuferts Fig. 51. Production Sequence for a Metal Workshop Source:

58

Neuferts 58

Fig. 74. Entry & Lifts Source: Author

116

Fig. 52. Relationship between Spaces in a Metal Workshop.

Fig. 75. Entry Lifts Source: Author

116

Source: Neuferts

58

Fig. 76. View when Driving from Sohna Road Source: Author 120

Fig. 53. Solar Analysis of the Site Source: Author

59

Fig. 77. View from District Center Source: Author

120

Fig. 54. Location of the Site Source: Author

60

Fig. 78. Structural Skeleton Source: Author

121

Fig. 55. Site Plan

61

Fig. 79. Isometric View Source: Author

122

Fig. 56. Site Analysis, Source: Author

63

Fig. 80. Isometric View Source: Author

123

Fig. 57. Illustration of Automated Parking Source: Author

65

Fig. 81. Sectional View through Space 10 Source: Author

124

Fig. 58. Solar Panel Arrays Source: civicsolar.com 78

Fig. 82. Sectional View through Colonnade Source: Author

125

Fig. 59. Incorporation of Automated Parking System in the Project

Fig. 83. Sectional View through Exhibit Court Source: Author 126

Source: Author

82

Fig. 60. Cart Type Automated Parking System Source: Author

82

Fig. 61. Typical Floor Slab with Piezoelectric Flooring Source: Author on quadlock.com

84

Fig. 62. Movement Systems, Source: Author

92

Fig. 63. Design Translation Source: Author

93

Fig. 64. Possibilities with Box Buildings Source: Author

94

Fig. 65. Translation onto the Site Source: Author

95

Fig. 84. Work in Progress Photographs of the Model Source: Author 130 Fig. 85. Model Photographs Source: Author

131

Fig. 86. Model Photograph Source: Author

132

Fig. 87. Site Model Photograph Source: Author

132

Fig. 88. Thesis Presentation Source: Jayati Chopra

133

Fig. 89. Model Photograph Source: Author

133

Fig. 66. Typical IKEA Store Facades Source: Google Images 96 Fig. 67. Development of the Deep Wall Facade Source: Author 97 Fig. 68. Urban Presence of the Facade

97

Fig. 69. Script for Facade Parametrics Source: Author

98

Fig. 70. Design Development Stage 1 Source: Author

99

Fig. 71. Facade Development

102

Fig. 72. Views for Stage 4

103

Fig. 73. Views for Stage 5

104

xix

List of Abbreviations

List of Tables

CA

Space 10 Café

Table 1. Detailed Area Program

47

CH

Check-Out Area

Table 2. Program Analysis, Source: Author

51

CPWD

Central Public Works Department

Table 3. Occupancy Calculations

66

CS

Customer Service

Table 4. Toilet Requirements for Offices Source: National Building Code 2016

67

CW

Co-Worker Area

Table 6. Toilet Requirements for Retail Buildings Source: National Building Code 2016

67

ECBC

Energy Conservation Building Code

Table 5. Toilet Requirements for Restaurants Source: National Building Code 2016

67

EH

Exhibition Hall

Table 7. Water Requirements Source: National Building Code 2016

69

EN

Entrance

Table 8. Water Requirements

70

EX

Exit Hall

Table 9. Recommended Equipment Load Factors Source: ASHRAE

72

GR

Goods Receiving Area

Table 10. Recommended Interior Lighting Power Values Source: Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2016

72

ME

Mechanical Area

Table 11. Electrical Requirements

73

MH

Market Hall

Table 12. Comparison between VRF/VRV System with Central Chilled Water System Source: General Specifications for Heating,

NBC

National Building Code

Ventilation & Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Works (2017), CPWD

P Parking PA

Children’s Play Area

PS

Prototype Shop

RE

Restaurant

SC

Screening Room

SL

Space 10 Labs

SR

Showroom

SS

Self- Service Area

WH

Warehouse

xx

Table 13. Intended vs Actual Areas Source: Author

77 127

List of Drawings Source: Author

Dwg 1. Areas with Piezoelectric Flooring on Each Floor

81

Dwg 29. Types of Warehouse Stacks

114

Dwg 2. Lower Basement Plan with Parking & Services

83

Dwg 27. Section through Loading Bays

114

Dwg 3. Typical Floor Slab Details for 6m and 12m Spans

85

Dwg 28. Section through Warehouse

114

Dwg 4. Determinants for Site Planning

90

Dwg 30. Lower Basement Plan

115

Dwg 5. Site Planning as a Result of External Factors

91

Dwg 31. Section through Parking Cart

116

Dwg 8. Movement System & Cores at Stage 1

100

Dwg 32. Section through Parking Stacks

116

Dwg 6. Solar Analysis of Stage 1

100

Dwg 33. Section AA’

117

Dwg 7. Big Box Edge Created at Stage 1

100

Dwg 34. Section BB’

117

Dwg 11. Movement System & Cores at Stage 2

101

Dwg 35. Section CC’

117

Dwg 9. Solar Analysis of Stage 2

101

Dwg 36. Key for Sections

117

Dwg 10. Incorporation of Automated Parking at Stage 2

101

Dwg 37. North-West Elevation

118

Dwg 12. Movement System & Cores at Stage 3

102

Dwg 38. North-East Elevation

118

Dwg 13. Ground Floor Plan for Stage 3

102

Dwg 39. Key for Elevations

118

Dwg 14. Movement System & Cores at Stage 4

103

Dwg 40. View from Bhaktawar Chowk

118

Dwg 15. Ground Floor at Stage 4

103

Dwg 41. External Wall Sections

119

Dwg 16. Movement System & Cores at Stage 5

104

Dwg 42. Key for External Wall Sections

119

Dwg 17. Zoning Diagrams for Upper Floor

106

Dwg 18. External Wall Section

107

Dwg 19. Site Plan

108

Dwg 20. Site Section

108

Dwg 21. Ground Floor Plan

109

Dwg 22. First Floor Plan

110

Dwg 23. Second Floor Plan

111

Dwg 24. Third Floor Plan

112

Dwg 25. Upper Basement Plan

113

Dwg 26. Section through Ramp to Basement

114

xxi

Chapter 1

Introduction

Fig. 1. Illustration on the Homogenization of Architectural Identity across the World. Source: Leewardists

1

Prologue

There is no question that globalization has permanently changed the landscape of how we behave, think, and do things. Globalization has allowed architects to work outside their own regions and cultures, with a freedom of design they might never enjoy at home. Students flock all around the world to study architecture. Prominent buildings are designed by foreign architects and firms build practices around international projects.

Architecture, consequently, gets pulled into an uncharted territory of opportunity as we attempt to soften the blow of regional differences. Without reference to signage or vehicle registration plates, it is often tough to identify the global location of parts of San Francisco, Osaka, Sao Paolo, Brussels, Mumbai or Shanghai. While cities do try to seek brand differentiation through investments in ‘iconic’ towers, one can sense a certain non-contextuality, a certain generic-ness.

Research Proposition

Globalization created a world of uncertainty. A world that is hurtling ahead at break neck speeds, wherever the current moment may lead. In such a world, to have a character is to be typecast into patterns of behavior, it is to be restricted. To say something is to stand for something, it is to be instantly rendered obsolete. It becomes imperative for us to be able to acknowledge the need for identity and the rising need for a lack of it.

Why do certain cities and its people ask for generic architecture? What drives it?

Indian cities fall on either ends of the spectrum of identity, and everywhere in between. The desire to achieve a global status, more often than not, translates into sub-conscious attempts to homogenize cityscapes across the globe. With the Indian government opening its arms to foreign players and the rising numbers of global citizens in the country, Indian cities are more and more susceptible to this phenomenon.

Though this sounds unsettling, the urban dweller demands losing shackles of identity. The cosmopolitan nature of the our cities has made it necessary for them to be free from the constraints of identity. It has become important that they be blank slates, allowing their inhabitants to make of themselves what they will.

2

What attracts people to physical retail spaces in the era of online shopping?

What is the desired urban presence of a big box store?

What are the aspects that allow flexibility in a ‘branded’ building?

While the notions of vernacular, traditional, context-specific et all have been acknowledged in theory and practice, the tangible reminders of cosmopolitan placeless-ness have found few takers. Consequently, the built product fails to inspire, fails to leave its mark, is deemed ‘characterless’, more often than not. What is left behind are cities with objects created in hurried restless gestures. Environments created with a deliriously anticipated mythical future of limitless economic growth. To build in such sites one needs to encounter the dreary desert of absolute freedom provided by the tabula rasa.

Objectives

To understand the need, the implications and the significance of placeless architecture To understand how store design and experience can make retail spaces viable in the age of e-commerce To understand the considerations when designing for a pedigreed brand that is making its entrance into a new market To rethink the urban presence of big box store as opposed to inward looking structures

Need for Study

In his seminal work, Amos Rapoport admits to believing that contemporary cultures have less variations on macro levels and can thus, they can be easily generalized. When looking at the urban environment in this country, looking through the lens of globalization is critical because it can easily be called the most recent foreign invasion that the country has undergone. With the economic liberalisation of 1991, Indian markets (and people) shifted political, economic and cultural boundaries with open arms.

Direct Investment (FDI) in single-brand retail trading through the automatic route. While China’s economy can’t get enough attention about its growth prospects, India runs a close second in terms of market potential, brimming with a large population and an increasing standard of living.

This implies that the Indian market is likely to see a mushrooming of stores like Louis Vuitton, Cartier, and IKEA. It also asks for a greater number for ‘global’ cities around the country.

The opening up of markets set the stage for more than 2 decades of break-neck change. India went through a retail revolution, following the introduction of Big Bazaar in 2001.

The latest development was allowing 100 per cent Foreign

3

Design Project

The most common way it is seen is through multi-national conglomerates that wish to leave their mark wherever they set-up. Testing this is possible through a project that sees an international brand trying to set roots in the Indian context.

While the brand comes with its own pedigree, it also has to understand where its clients are coming from. This is especially important for retail brands that are directly dealing with the end-users.

After years of speculation, Swedish furniture giant IKEA has finally made its first official step into Indian retail by offering a preview in Hyderabad. IKEA’s plans to set up 25 stores

opened an experience centre in Forum Mall – named ‘Hej HOME’ – where products are not for sale but for display.

The store will have a parking facility for 1,500 cars, children’s play area and a 1,000-seat restaurant serving Indian and Swedish delicacies. The store will employ 800 staff directly and create about 1,500 indirect jobs. IKEA stores are usually very large blue buildings with few windows and yellow accents. They are designed around a “one-way” layout which leads customers along “the long natural way.” (Bailay, 2017)

in India by 2027 provide the logistics needed to probe the phenomenon. Their first store in Northern India is planned to be built in Gurgaon. So far, the 74-year-old company has

Client Profile

4

IKEA India, part of the IKEA Group, has been present in India for 30 years, sourcing many different products for IKEA stores worldwide. They work with 48 suppliers in India, engaging 45,000+ direct co-workers and approximately 400,000 coworkers in their extended supply chain. IKEA works closely with suppliers in setting up efficient and sustainable production processes to create affordable home furnishing products with good design and quality. Together with its suppliers, it supports innovation and entrepreneurship and invests in modern manufacturing technology that helps create globally competitive capacities and set up greenfield factories.

The IKEA Group, in co-operation with UNICEF, initiates a broad community programme in northern India to address the root causes of child labor. The project includes 500 villages and will benefit more than 1 million people, providing more than 80,000 children with an opportunity for an education.

At, present, the project covers a range of initiatives, such as providing alternative learning centers, health and nutrition, education, empowering women and forming women’s selfhelp groups.

Chapter 2

Research

Fig. 2. Architectural Expressions in Global Cities across the World Source: Rem Koolhaas for Venice Biennial 2014

5

Framework

With insight drawn from works of Rem Koolhaas, Saskia Sassen, Leela Fernandes, Thomas Oommen et all, the study looks into issues of placeless-ness and conceptions about context. It moves on to discuss strategies used to achieve efficient retail spaces that can compete with an increasing online market.

Further on, it looks into case examples to illustrate how the ideas of how companies focus on selling the store as much as selling the product. Finally, the research takes on a detailed analysis of existing big box stores in India and typical IKEA stores across the world.

Identification of Issues

Design Drivers •

•

Placeless-ness

What is a ‘generic city’ style?

How is Gurgaon a generic city?

• Contemporary Retail Spaces

What makes retail spaces viable in the 21st century?

What are the techniques used in store designing to increase customer footfall and encourage sales?

• Architecture & Branding

How have international brands set themselves in the Indian market?

How does a typical IKEA store look and work?

What are the design constraints for an IKEA store?

• Big Boxes in India

How do Flagship/Anchor stores function?

What are the design and technical requirements?

How do Flagship/Anchor stores function?

• What are the design and technical requirements?

• IKEA Hyderabad

First IKEA Store in India

Presently Under-Construction • Reliance Mart, Faridabad

Biggest Retail Store in Delhi NCR (11,000 sqm)

Anchor Store of a Mall • Metro Store

Stand-alone Store

Big Boxes in India Fig. 3. Research Framework, Source: Author

6

• • • • • •

Impossibility of Context in Gurgaon Physical retail space relies heavily on Experientiality Bringing in the Public Literally and Figuratively Brand Identity & Functionality drives design of retail spaces The Long ‘Natural Way’ of IKEA Capitalising on the Heavy Footfall of Retail Stores to Generate Energy

Placelessness

“What’s going on just now? What’s happening to us? What is this world, this period, this precise moment in which we are living? ” - Michel Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge

Global Identity

For countries swept up in the tide of the global economy, the association of Modernism with rationality and progress was, and continues to be, irresistible. A series of social, political and economic changes that affect everything from the operation of nations to everyday life came under the collective title of ‘globalization’. It is generally accepted that “the intensification of worldwide social relations in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” is unavoidable and increasing. The modernist association with the principal building types that identified with key aspects of globalization provided a clear symbolic link with the engines of global capital expansion. (Giddens, 1990) In a very short period of time the homogenization of global consumerism had its parallel in the homogenization of city centers throughout the world. The corporate office, the airport, the international hotel and the shopping mall mushroomed all over the globe to the extent that the glass-walled office block has become the Coca-Cola of architecture. The extent of this phenomenon is so intense that we see similar buildings cropping up in extremely different cultural contexts. While this may seem disturbing, it cannot be argued that certain cities and a certain section of the world’s population asks for familiar set-ups. (Adam, 2008) (Giddens, 1990)

Fig. 4. Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao: Establishing Iconic Architecture as an Architectural Style, Source: Author

Fig. 5. MIT Simmons Hall, USA & ROC Mondriaan LAAK, Netherlands: Illustrating the ‘Generic Style’ of Architecture around the world. Source: Google Images

Fig. 6. IBM Building, Sao Paulo, Brazil & NDMC Building, New Delhi, India Source: Google Images

7

The Indian Story

Economic liberalisation (and the reign of Rajiv Gandhi) brought with it the end of an area of Nehruvian socialism and Gandhian ideals of austerity. The post-independence ideals got replaced by those of consumerist exhibitionism. Indian markets (and people) shifted political, economic and cultural boundaries with open arms. The opening up of markets set the stage for more than 2 decades of break-neck change.

Extensive advertisements, commercial Bollywood movies, political rhetoric and market surveys were used in a multitude of forms to represent the change in fundamental perceptions.

The tenets represented by dams and factories shifted to commodities (like televisions and refrigerators) that could capture the eye of the urban middle class.

Media proliferation in the form of TV and film encouraged and advertised a high degree of consumer awareness and sophistication across different segments. Availability of credit

systems and mushrooming malls facilitated a resurfacing a hedonistic cultural elements after centuries of dormancy.

As one can expect, over a short period of time, these commodities turned into necessities for survival in the city.

The rise of post-industrialism and information technologies began to connect the world in unprecedented ways giving a new meaning to the world order. This interconnectedness seemed to imply the emergence of a universal language of technology which could potentially bridge cultural differences. Most importantly, easy access to the airconditioner became a catalyst for architects to be able to design buildings irrespective of climate and local conditions, irrespective of the traditional or the vernacular.

(Fernandes, 2006)

Fig. 7. The Cities of Mumbai and Gurgaon, Source: Google Images

8

The Case of Gurgaon

Fig. 8. Google Image Search for Gurgaon, Source: Google Images

The last thirty years of globalization has seen Gurgaon turning from a farming village to a city of multinational tower blocks and apartments. Witnessing rapid urbanization, Gurgaon has become a leading financial and industrial hub with the third highest per capita income in India. The city’s economic growth story started when the leading Indian automobile manufacturer Maruti Suzuki India Limited established a manufacturing plant in Gurgaon in the 1970s. A large number of people from various social classes have migrated to Gurgaon since then, in search of better lifestyle and job opportunities. (Ojha & Sharma, 2017) The claim that Gurgaon is a decadent, dystopian and inhuman urbanism resulting out of corrupt land grabs, crony, expedient capitalism, and administrative incompetence is true but it is only as true as its opposite description – the shining

millennium city, that is the third highest in GDP contribution, that houses swanky new offices of economic powerhouses, and generates jobs which migrants of all classes flock to.

Building in Gurgaon requires speculative design approaches.

It also critically requires the construction of a myth, a dream that can be sold for generating investment. Glitzy renderings of projects on humongous billboards litter the landscape of Gurgaon, accompanied by promises of being ‘set in greens’, ‘away from the city’ with ‘world class living’ and ‘exclusivity’.

This is a normal part of every real estate project in Gurgaon – generating desire from scratch, selling a vision where none exists. To condemn it for its falsity or its unsustainability or conspicuous consumption is common and it is all right as long as we realize what it is that these companies are able to do, that we architects and urbanists are not – sell an image 9

of the ‘good life’. What the collage city paradigm in design and our excessive moralization in theory unconsciously denies is this very basic need to experiment in generating desire for those patterns of urbanism that we consider ‘good’, ‘responsible’ , ‘sustainable’ and ‘inclusive’. Gurgaon is often referred to as the nightmare that is the unplanned city. In fact Gurgaon is not an example of unplanned but non-plan. A nonplan is a kind of plan where planning is consciously minimal to leave open any kind of possibility. To commit to a plan is to have a set vision for the future, and therefore to be restricted. (Oommen, 2014) (Allen, 1999) That in fact is why the buildings of Gurgaon seem to be eerily uniform, without “character”, even while they have fantastic forms. Part of it is purely visual, it is a disciplined aesthetic of aluminum panels, decorative often non-structural formal effects in steel and glass clad over concrete skeleton.

10

To build in such sites in Gurgaon must be to encounter the dreary desert of ‘absolute freedom’ provided by the tabula rasa. It entails anticipating future contexts, to choose from an open set of possible futures. This daunting challenge is perhaps why the common strategy of architects is to create the self- contained, inward looking object/project that is imagined if not designed to be the navel, the origin point of all activity. Even if there are buildings nearby in a given site in Gurgaon, it would be in fact a spatial scenario that is best approximated as a field condition – increasingly encountered in Indian cities especially at its urbanizing fringes. In any case, the designer encounters a near blank chessboard without an opponent, and as Peter Eisenman said in a different context, the chessboard to respond to, must be set up by the designer herself.

Contemporary“Whoever said money can’t buy happiness, simply didn’t know where to go shopping.” - Bo Derek “I always say shopping is cheaper than a psychiatrist.” - Tammy Faye Messner Retail Spaces Fighting with E-Commerce

India officially went online publicly in 1995; before that, it was only for research and educational institutes. It was in the early 2000s when India was introduced to a novel way of purchasing - teleshopping. With the advent of the internet age here, this hopped onto the web with Flipkart being one of the earliest entrants. Today, India has an internet user base of over 450 million, which accounts for 40 per cent of the country’s population. (Jangid, 2018) While this may imply that the traditional storefront shopping experience could now going extinct, that is not necessarily the case. The development of internet retailing has left a lot of creative destruction in its wake. But where it has spelled the death knell of certain industry segments, firms and properties, it has opened up new opportunities in areas such as the warehouse and distribution sector. Online and offline were once two very separate worlds. But with the rise of e-commerce and in particular mobile e-commerce, the distinction between online and offline is blurring rapidly.

The internet has allowed retailers to connect with potential customers and express their brand in entirely new ways, and physical stores have become a part of their communication and sales strategy instead of being their only or primary way to reach consumers.

The hot word in retail is “omni-channel retailing,” or the integration of online, mobile and in-store shopping. For retailers who practice this approach, prices are consistent in all formats, and consumers can choose between numerous

options: shopping online with home delivery, shopping online and picking up at a store, shopping at a store and taking merchandise away, or shopping at a store and having it delivered to their home. (Doremus & Calanog, 2017) While logic would suggest that this reduction in the importance of physical stores would lead to less interesting designs, the ability of retailers to communicate and build brands online has actually led to more focused and impactful physical store identities as well. If you look at a successful mall today versus twenty years ago, you will see a much stronger and more varied collection of tenants now than ever before, and shoppers have the internet and e-commerce to primarily thank for this more tailored collection.

Following a successful run in the online world, e-commerce companies are now venturing into a space they once thought would soon see the same fate as dinosaurs— brick and mortar stores. Globally, this phenomenon has taken the industry by a storm. Large organizations that were leaders in online have taken the route of opening physical stores or pop up shops.

E-commerce marketplace Amazon is one such example. The global giant has teamed up with Calvin Klein to open holidaythemed pop-up stores in New York City and Los Angeles.

(Jangid, 2018) In India, lifestyle and fashion company Chumbak currently sells products through its exclusive stores and online

11

marketplaces. Currently, 70% of Chumbak’s sales come from its 16 offline stores, while 30% come from the online channels. Lenskart has established its strong presence in the offline space and is targeting to take its total brick and mortar count to over 900 in the next two years. Its current 400 offline stores contribute 50-60 per cent of its business.

Online furniture website Pepperfry currently has over 23 physical stores which contribute 20 per cent to its overall sales. (Ahluwalia, 2017) (Jangid, 2018)

Fig. 9. Chumbak Stores account for 70% of their total sales. Source: Livemint.com

Fig. 11. Pepperfry to open 46 studios by March 2018, Source: indiaretailing. com

12

Fig. 10. Lenskart opened 2000 offline stores by the end of 2016, Source: indiaretailing.com

How do Retail Stores React?

Smartphones have disrupted traditional retail, and stores are forced to re-imagine the way they deliver value to consumers to stay relevant to an always-connected market. With internetfuelled changes gaining traction among retailers, developers of shopping centers are weighing the new choices that these technologies are bringing consumers, comparing them against brick & mortar’s limitations, and beginning to respond with changes of their own. The public experience of shopping has become more heavily intertwined with other communal experiences.

accelerating the need for action with regard to stationary retail spaces. Some ways that retailers are achieving this are through Pop Up Shops, Concept Stores and Eco-friendly Stores where the shop rather than the product is used to attract customers. Rock star chefs, strong art programs, enhanced programming, better restaurants and food courts, even the increase in mixed-use destinations that include retail, office, hotel and residential uses… all are enhancements to the ceremony of shopping, of people gathering together to share experiences and activities.

Changing consumer behavior and technological developments are stirring up a revolution in retail and

Case 1 Starbucks, Tukwila, Washington

Retail premises are known to be heavy consumers of energy. But, by adopting good practice when fitting out and refurbishing interiors, retailers can reduce their environmental impact, set standards, improve their sustainability best practices, and most importantly, attract clientele. Coffee giant Starbucks is also making headway with its plan to deliver LEED-certified stores throughout the US. The company has recently opened a ‘reclamation drive-thru’ in Washington; that is, a store made from end-of-life-cycle shipping containers.

Reclamation Drive-Thru was inspired by a desire to help keep the containers out of the waste stream. (RegioPlan Consulting, 2018) After a successful run of the model store, Starbucks have built similar stores across the country. Apart from a desire to the right thing, it is evident that conglomerates understand that sustainability sells. It is an added attraction which brings in customers to the store.

Fig. 12. Starbucks Store made of Upcycled Shipping Containers; Source: starbucks.com

13

Case 2 Maruti Suzuki NEXA, Across India

Case 3 Serendipity, Chattarpur, Delhi

How does a market leader cope with mid-life anxieties about staying relevant in a changing demographic landscape?

The company that put India on the automotive world map and has churned out millions of cars over the past three decades — Maruti Suzuki, which was grappling for an answer, seems to have found it. The company found that youngsters “think of Maruti Suzuki as dad’s car or grandfather’s car”.

Consequently, Nexa was conceived as a line of showrooms that sells its premium car portfolio. Bringing in a feeling of exclusivity and enhancing the experience of buying a car managed to bring back Maruti’s customers.

Fig. 13. NEXA Dealership, Source: Google Images

A restored haveli was converted into a lifestyle store called Serendipity. The concept store itself houses over 7 rooms, and each room has on display different products. It boasts of textiles, furniture and vintage finds from international markets which makes it totally Insta-worthy. More recently, they’ve opened a cafe on their rooftop that boasts views of the Qutub complex. Although it has all the trappings of a quintessential Haveli, read big heavy ornate doors, a giant courtyard and stained glass windows, the store creates an interesting juxtaposition in terms of its retail content. Everything is designed, produced and retailed in-house, and displayed in the most innovative fashions. The old-world charm of a Haveli combined with views of the historic Mehrauli area lends positive experiential qualities to the store.

Fig. 14. Serendipity, a concept lifestyle store down the roads of Chattarpur, Delhi Source: lbb delhi

14

Case 4 IKEA Hej Home, Hyderabad

IKEA, which has been sourcing from India for the last 28 years, opened its first pop up store in Hyderabad in 2017. Just to give India a taste of what IKEA furniture feels like, the Hej Home replicates the essence of IKEA stores worldwide.

At IKEA Hej HOME, one can find their range of well designed, affordable one furniture – all waiting to be tried out. This way, you can plop down on the sofas, open up the wardrobes and feel the rugs to decide what they like best before IKEA opens their store in 2018. However, all the products are for display only and can’t be bought.

Fig. 15. IKEA Hej! Home at Hyderabad, Source: Author

15

Architecture & Branding

“These days, we’re building assembly-line cities and assembly-line buildings, standardizing buildings and cities.” - Rem Koolhaas

Generic Architecture

Architecture has always been about form as well as function. When most people think of architecture it is the way it takes form that comes to mind first. Those that leave a lasting impression are usually crazy bold, sustainably creative or culturally engaging. Following the success of the Guggenheim Museum at Bilbao, cities now compete to attract global investment and global tourism. They seek similar or higher levels of brand differentiation and symbolic modernity. The response of the architectural profession has been equally clear. In the last quarter century, a new form of iconic architecture has appeared throughout the world’s major cities.

Cities are now treated like blank slates and the architectural language used is what Rem Koolhaas calls ‘the generic style’.

Whereas in the past monumental architecture often had a strong public component, the urban ziggurats of today are emblems and conduits of capitalist globalization. The emblems are so strong in their expression that they would hold their iconic status no matter where they were placed in the world. (Koolhaas, 1995) Generic urbanism describes a non-specific, identity-lacking urban landscape. The generic city has no specific reference points, either to its history or its residents. Rather it responds to urban stereotypes. In doing so, it turns cities into yet another commodity, interchangeable from one another.

We can see the result before us as city after city converge in a pastiche of undifferentiated cityscapes. A generic city resists urbanism and its inherent qualities of diversity and

16

culture. All the qualities normally associated with a great city: iconic architecture, vibrant but messy streetscapes, unique neighborhoods, etc become subsumed by global trends.

Public space becomes formulaic; there’s nothing to notice to except stoplights.

Generic architecture is a desire to create something that is not new, not unique but something that could work. A building that can be situated anywhere on the planet, a design that is interchangeable. Is it possible to design a building that can be situated in every city in every country. A building like that will have no connection nor affection with it’s surroundings, those will be different anywhere else. This is what the glass block of office buildings has achieved.

That rises the question if the building should have a connection to it’s surroundings. Should it be part of the city structure. People that are going to use the building aren’t the same everywhere, they have different needs and different believes of what a building should be and do. Climate is another factor that will compromise the idea of generic architecture.

Branding for Retail

How a building looks is what catches a lot of people’s attention in the first place. It is a form of communication. Like how we may dress in the latest fashion trends or buy the latest model car, architecture is also driven by visual perception.

Catching attention is half the battle won for a retailer or a retail store. This is what store owners and international brands strive to do through storefront designs and displays.

Some brands have managed to establish themselves as pioneers of this phenomenon across the world. For instance, Apple has gone to great lengths to protect the designs of its iPhones, iPads, and other products, so it’s little surprise that the company wants to extend that protection to the interior design of the Apple Store. Apple’s stores are meticulously designed down to the last detail, including special architectural glass panels, floating glass staircases,

The IKEA Store

The IKEA store as defined on the IKEA website:

“The IKEA store is our meeting place. It is where the IKEA product range comes to life. Visitors can compare styles and prices and get inspired by realistic room settings. They are welcome to sit, lie down, open and close drawers and cabinets, pretend to cook, sleep or watch TV” IKEA retail architecture is characterized by plain and geometrically simple forms, boxlike volumes with flat roofs made up by geometrical shapes that reflect the inside. These prerequisites enable form to follow function inside. The IKEA store is perceived as blue and yellow with integrated trade dress elements. Regardless of shape and size, the building is designed to sell the IKEA product range and

stainless steel exteriors, and even the lightly colored birch tables on which the arrays of demo iPads and MacBook Pros sit, waiting to be poked and prodded by customers. Apple has successfully been awarded a trademark for the “design and layout” of their retail stores. (Porada, 2013)

Fig. 16. Patented Layout for Apple Stores, Source: Arch Daily

provide IKEA home furnishing solutions. Colors and choice of materials supports the commercial needs in the different areas. Neutral colors and materials are used to provide a supportive background to range presentation and other commercial messages.

The consistent use of the unique IKEA store trade dress on the store together size, visibility and transparency secures the impact of the IKEA Brand in all retail environments. When the IKEA store is placed in a shopping centre, connected to a shopping mall or located in a city centre, it has to meet the local context considering different shopping behaviors and other expressions in architecture and choice of materials as well as local regulations.

17

Types of IKEA Stores A typical IKEA store size is about 37,000 sqm, built on a plot size of 8-11 acres and offers approximately 9000 products.

Each store employs 400 – 700 co-workers directly and 2000 indirectly. IKEA stores across the world can be broadly categorised as: 1.

Independent Infrastructure

2.

Amongst Retail & Housing

3.

Attached to a Shopping Mall

4.

Within the City Center

The IKEA Flags The IKEA flags are essential to attract visitors to the store. One group is placed at the site entrance, before or in connection with the parking area, the other on the most suitable spot to “activate” the parking area. The national flag together with the Swedish national flag are flown side by side near the entrance.

National flags and IKEA flags are never grouped together.

Fig. 17. IKEA Flag Placement, Source: Confidential

The IKEA Navigation Tower The IKEA navigation tower is a landmark that guides motorists to the IKEA store from a distance, giving them time to prepare for the exit close to the store. The IKEA store shall have its own IKEA navigation tower in all retail locations. On a new market, the IKEA navigation tower is a powerful introduction of the IKEA trademark and on established ones it strengthens the IKEA Brand. Multilevel IKEA stores sometimes do the task of a navigation tower.

Fig. 18. IKEA Navigation Tower Example, Source: Confidential

18

Fig. 19. Possible Configurations of an IKEA Store, Source: Confidential Store Parking Parking applications applications in different in different Configurations contexts contexts

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Parking area onParking ground.area on ground.

Carpark on deckCarpark on deck on a sloping site. on a sloping site.

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SUFFICIENT SIZE SUFF

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Carpark 1/2 up Carpark 1/2 down.

1/2 up 1/2 down.Carpark underground.

Carpark underground.

1, 2, 3 or 4-level.

1, 2, 3 or 4-level.

Carpark under store, Carpark under store,Carpark on roof.Carpark on roof. store on pillars. store on pillars.

1, 2 or 3-level. 1, 2 or 3-level.

1 or 2-level.

1 or 2-level.

Multilevel carpark.

Multilevel carpark.

All IKEA parking All IKEA applications parking applications shall be designed shall be sodesigned that theyso ensure that they ensure convenient, convenient, efficient andeffi safe cient routing. and safe Every routing. solution Every shall solution enableshall enable the most effithe cient most useeffi of cient the parking use of the area. parking The parking area. The parking applicationsapplications shown above shown can be above adapted can be to all adapted IKEA store to all IKEA store formats. formats.

19 96

96 Systems © InterB.V. IKEA Systems 1994 – 2012 and | Store and retail © Inter IKEA 1994 – 2012B.V. | Store design retaildesign architecture the architecture IKEA way the IKEA way

© Inter IKEA Systems © InterB.V. IKEA 1994 Systems – 2012B.V. 97 199

ENTRANCE AREA

The entrance area is part of one architectural unit

Typical IKEA Store

The following analysis is done on drawings obtained for a typical IKEA Store: Secure that the main flow is steered towards the main exit SECurITy LInE

Take security aspects into consideration for unpaid products along the whole security line.

Secure a good overview towards the entrance

Exiting customer flow

Toilets

In some markets a solution for fire zoning is demanded in this

Lockers

area. Consider fire curtains.

EXIT ArEA CuSTomEr SErVICE ArEA

IKEA BISTro

Lift

Implement the possibility to exit through the entrance

Revolving door

Secure functional areas in front of lifts.

Lift

EnTrAnCE ArEA

Alternative placement of lift

Place the travelator in the exit so that it is first choice when leaving the store.

Avoid crossing flows from different parking

Entrance from parking

and entrance levels

under the store Secure functional areas in front of lifts.

THE CuSTOMER SERVICE AREA

omer service area

ustomer service s on the capacity eating area so the

Showroom

Entering customer flow

Secure functional areas in front of lifts.

Alternative entrance from the car park or when the store is placed on the ground floor.

Entrance Area Flows from merchandise pick-up and home delivery.

This unit serves as an orientation point for store visitors.

It shall express the IKEA store as a leading home furnishing retailer.

Combining flows from inside and outside the

Secure the right capacity for lifts, travelators and escalators.

Trolley flow

security line will be an issue and has to be handled by technical solutions in the goods lift.

Lift Home delivery

goods flow

As-Is de shall be designed The entrance, exit and the customer service area Home Build c is Ba ion and as one architectural unit regarding the room, functions delivery c r o k to Holding Spare omflooring transitions between material and surface finishes. Colours, s to ck and building materials shall be neutral parts and support the home

SELF-SERVE FuRNITuRE AREA

furnishing display. When there are entrances from more than one Office level, the design shall be integrated into pick-up the main entrance design.

Merchandise Consider how to provide entrance services, when lifts are going Exchanges and returns directly from parking areas Home under the store to Showroom level. delivery Waiting area 142

Customer flow

Se

Exchanges and © Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 1994 – 2012 | Store design and retail architecture the IKEA way returns shall be visible when entering from exit airlock or lift.

depending on conditions of the local market, there may be a need for an exit that is connected to the entrance.

Lift

Exit airlock or revolving door

cu

r it

y

lin

r it

y

lin

e

143

Back to stock Self-serve furniture area and warehouse EXIT AREA

To Showroom and Market hall

Merchandise pick-up and home delivery shall be visible from the exit area.

Se

Customer Service Area The floor in the home delivery, merchandise pick-up, holding, recovery and As-Is areas shall be capable of withstanding hard wear and tear from forklifts and trucks.

cu

© Inter Systems B.V. 1994 – 2012 ToIKEA As-Is

e

IKEA Bistro

20

Se

Consider security risks when designing the areas for exchanges and returns, merchandise pick-up and home delivery.

Flows to exchanges and returns.

cu

r it

y

lin

e

heck-outs

uidelines checkd assess k-outs.

Note that some countries require special emergency aisles through the checkout area.

4.5 m

4.5 m

EXIT AREA

Zone for paying and packing products at express check-outs.

Zone for packing products at standard check-outs.

Trolley corridor is used for transporting trolleys to As-Is. Extra security if required to avoid customers exiting this way. Min 1 metre.

≈1m

Expansion area can temporarily be used for additional services or products

Express check-outs

Standard check-outs

10.8 m

Zone for paying in check-outs.

Zone where customers are steered towards check-outs.

Possibility for queuing and buying.

≈1m ≈1m SELF-SERVE FuRNITuRE AREA

Customer flow

Zone where customers can easily move and choose which check-out counter to use.

Check-Out Area For flooring, it is preferable to use the same flooring material in the Self-serve furniture area, check-out and exit areas. If a different material is used in the exit area, strive to have the changeover between the activity area in the Self-serve furniture area and the check-outs. Wall surfaces shall be neutral.

easy to get an overview of the check-out

The ceiling height difference between the activity area and check-out area provides a transition and helps visitors orientate themselves and get an overview. The lower height shall at the same time provide proper sound protection and lighting in this busy and noisy area.

21

The architec planned to c check-out is single line ch a difficult ov always deve width of the easily move

SELf-SErVE furnITurE ArEA

Corridor to sales areas WAREHOuSE

As-Is Stairs to checkouts Janitor Storage

Cash office

P-tag

Storage Archive

Learning centre

Training

Toilets

Toilets

Serving area

Lockers

Storage Whenever possible, the Communication & Interior design department shall be located close to sales areas.

Sales

IT training Smoker’s area

Meeting rooms

IKEA Restaurant & Café

Stairs Office

Office

Communication & Interior design

Human Resources

Lift

Reception Entrance

IKEA co-worker restaurant

Co-Worker Area The office/co-worker area can be placed in different locations of the store, depending on the final store solution. The above principle has to be adapted from project to project. Possible locations are, for example, close to the IKEA Restaurant & Café, above the goods receiving area or in front of the store close to the Market hall. If placed close to IKEA Restaurant & Café, toilets can serve both the IKEA co-worker restaurant and office areas.

he working ght reach

22

te professional workspaces with a rnishing impression that reflects the

divide the training room into smaller units for flexible use. Have an open locker room solution. Adapt and implement local rules and regulations. design corridors so that they are experienced to be shorter than they are in reality.

Make entra daylight, a This will en Stairs shal additional metres.

ear and tear t is treated/ to the floor to

The platform to all outdoor containers shall be covered by a canopy. The most-used recycling containers shall be able to be docked to the façade to facilitate use during unfavourable weather conditions. Local demands might require a complete indoor recycling solution.

A truck driver waiting area with toilet and shower shall be reached from the outside.

Forklift trucks shall be able to drive to the ground level via a ramp

Since most trash comes from the Market hall, the recycling area shall be close.

Min c/c 3 metres

Min c/c 4 m

canopy Put walls around the charging area only when demanded by local regulations.

External dock houses with dock levellers

If loading docks are angled, more unloading Charging area for forklifts

Recommended

unloading area

depth 16 m

space is required

4m

4m

gooDS rECEIVIng ArEA

Office

Truck drivers room

Maintenance storage

Recycling area

Toilets

A safety zone is required if there are doors in these walls.

Access to glasshouse if implemented

Opening at

Lift

Showroom level

Janitor

8m Stairs

Pallets/storage

WAREHOuSE

Rapid door to the Self-serve furniture area Width: 3.1 m (2 doors, separated flows)

Rapid door to warehouse Width: 3.8 m Height: 3.2 m (5.5 pallets Warehouse) Height: 3.8 m (6.5 pallets Warehouse)

SELF-SERVE FURNITURE AREA

Minimum 4 m corridor for two-way forklift traffic.

Width: 4.2 m (1 door) Height: 3.2 m (5.5 pallets Warehouse) Height: 3.8 m (6.5 pallets Warehouse)

igh volumes of intensive traffic during ds of time. The architect needs to design an Self-serve furniture area, warehouse and eventing cross traffic in the goods receiving nt trash flow from the Market hall. The goods om is done through the lift in the goods lternatively through the Self-serve furniture the Showroom. Extra space is needed if a a is planned to include an automatically vertical em. This shall be developed together with Inter alists in the planning process to get access to w.

e design and retail architecture the IKEA way

Rapid door to Market hall Width: 3.1 Height: 3.2 m

MARKET HALL

Goods Receiving Area The walls shall be capable of withstanding damage in the event of being accidentally struck by forklift trucks. The ceiling shall be a simple, untreated construction. Free height minimum 4 metres.

Customer toilets

The goods receiving office shall have a good overview of the goods receiving area (both indoor and outdoor), and be able to handle transportation documents through a hatch.

The width of the stairs to the Showroom is a minimum of 1.2 metres. (When used as emergency exit for visitors, the width needs to be 2 metres). daylight through skylights or glassed doors.

Market hall

16 m Angled loading.

Min 5 m

Basement loading.

gR

Natural daylight improves the working environment.

Outdoor recycling area.

© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 1994 – 2012

165

23

The Long Natural Way of IKEA

IKEA stores are typically blue buildings with yellow accents (also Sweden’s national colors) and few windows. They are often designed in a one-way layout, leading customers counter clockwise along what IKEA calls “the long natural way” designed to encourage the customer to see the store in its entirety (as opposed to a traditional retail store, which allows a customer to go directly to the section where the desired goods and services are displayed). There are often shortcuts to other parts of the showroom, placed inconspicuously.

the same site or at a site nearby after purchase. They also offer an “as-is” area at the end of the warehouse, just before the cash registers. Returned, damaged and formerly showcased products are displayed here and sold with a significant discount, but also with a no-returns policy. Finally, customers pay for their products at a cash register. (Specix, 2016) Most stores follow the same layout of having the showroom upstairs with the marketplace and self-service warehouse downstairs. Some stores are single level, while others have separate warehouses to allow more stock to be kept on-site.

Some stores have dual-level warehouses with machinecontrolled silos to allow large quantities of stock to be accessed throughout the selling day. Every store has a kids play area parents drop off their children at a gate to the playground, and pick them up after they arrive at another entrance. They also have a restaurant and an exit café that serve a combination of local and Swedish delicacies.

The sequence first involves going through furniture

r Lig rro hti ng rs & Offi F ce r a me &M s ed ia S tor ag e Flo ori ng Gla ssh ou se

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24

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showrooms making note of selected items. The customer then collects a shopping cart and proceeds to an open-shelf “Market Hall” warehouse for smaller items, then visits the “Self-Serve” furniture warehouse to collect previously noted showroom products in flat pack form. Sometimes, they are directed to collect products from an external warehouse on

Fig. 20. The Long Natural Way of IKEA, Source: Author

Time For Change

Ikea has long been recognized for its adoption of sustainable practices, from investment in renewable energy to their participation in the American Forests plant-a-tree program. Now the company has unveiled what might be its most ambitious initiative to date. The Swedish furniture manufacturer has stated that it plans to not only transition to 100% renewable energy sources by 2020, but it will also plant more trees than it uses in production. (Lofgren, 2012)

IKEA Kaarst

By simply introducing daylight in a store concept normally completed enclosed and controlled the IKEA More Sustainable Store appears as the most sustainable IKEA warehouse ever built. Through an extensive development process, Henning Larsen’s Sustainability Department has assisted IKEA with sustainable design methods and strategies in order to support the fulfillment of the organization’s sustainable goals.

The company realizes that their goal is not achievable through sustainable product design only. The IKEA More Sustainable Store marks a shift in the entire concept of the original “blue box” store, which is usually less impacted by external factors such as natural lighting. The process has led to a pilot store, making the warehouse social sustainable as well as environmentally sustainable. (Rinaldi, 2017)

Fig. 21. Concept Sketch for IKEA Kaarst, introducing Daylight to the Store, Source: Henning Larsen Architects

IKEA Greenwich

IKEA Greenwich has been designed with the needs of customers, the community and IKEA co-workers in mind.

Recognizing that the way people work and live in London has changed, IKEA Greenwich will be geared towards specific needs for those in the local area. IKEA Greenwich will function as a community hub with bookable event areas and shared spaces for local groups, members of the public and co-workers to enjoy. Designed with the local community, customers and environment in mind, this store will feature a rooftop pavilion, biodiversity garden, multi-functional spaces and a restaurant as well.

Fig. 22. IKEA Greenwich allows incorporation of wooden elements to the store trade dress. Source: ikea.com/gb

25

Conclusion

26

Need for Lack of Context

Not the End of Physical Retail Space

The IKEA Way

Certain cities demand to be free from strong cultural identities to be able to accommodate global citizens and lifestyles. To say something is to stand for something, it is to be instantly rendered obsolete.

The ability of retailers to communicate and build brands online has actually led to more focused physical store. The public experience of shopping has become more heavily intertwined with other communal experiences.

The blue and yellow IKEA store is characterized by box-like forms. Its one-way layout ‘encourages’ people to see the store in its entirety.

Impossibility of Context in Gurgaon

Brand Identity

Gurgaon is the ideal example of the dreary desert of ‘absolute freedom’ provided by the tabula rasa.

It’s planners and architects encounter a near blank chessboard without an opponent.

The ‘shop’ is as much of an attraction as the product. How it looks is the first form of communication with any potential client.

Additionally, international brands are being able to sell the same image to people across the globe.

Chapter 3

Big Boxes

Fig. 23. Big Box Stores in India Source: indiaretailing.com

27

What is a BigBox Store?

A big-box store is a physically large retail establishment, usually part of a chain of stores. Commercially, big-box stores can be broken down into two categories:

chains have the capacity to monopolize a market by simply offering better deals than their competitors. Small stores cannot compete with the prices offered by the large chains.

• General Merchandise (examples include Big Bazaar and Reliance Mart),

However, it’s generally acknowledged that India is a special case as a retail market and that it’s possible for our local kirana shops to co-exist with these global behemoths. Amazon wants kiranas like his to serve as delivery points for products purchased on its site. It has also listed a few kiranas as sellers on its portal. BigBasket.com wants kiranas to sell its private labels. Reliance Retail is exploring partnerships with local neighbourhood shops to reach consumers better. Big Bazaar wants them to become its franchisees to sell its home and fashion products. The kiranas can’t be beat on location, convenience, and the relationships they’ve forged with their customers. (Kalan, 2011) (Vijayraghavan, 2015)

• Specialty stores (such as Decathlon, Croma & IKEA) which specialize in goods within a specific range, such as hardware, books, or consumer electronics India went through a retail revolution, following the introduction of Big Bazaar in 2001. However, even before that, large retail stores were not uncommon in India. Spencer’s, a popular hypermart, traces its history as far back as 1863.

Similarly, conglomerates, such as Bharti, Godrej, Reliance, and TATA, have over the last decade ventured into large-format retail chains. Around two decades ago, modern retail (or organized retail, or big box retail) was the new thing, but the going hasn’t been easy for companies in the business that have been forced to cut, chop, merge and change strategies to cope with issues such as inefficient supply networks, high rents, and increasing competition from well-funded e-commerce firms. The best part of big-box stores is that such stores generally offer marked down prices of items. Since these stores have fixed suppliers from whom they buy in bulk, they tend to get a good deal on their wares.

Typical examples of big-box stores are Wal-mart or Target, both of which will end up in India sooner rather than later thanks to the government’s policy of allowing 100% FDI (foreign direct investment) in the retail sector. While the low prices and wide selection of items make these stores seem perfect, their business model is based on the concept of steamrolling smaller, local retailers. Such global big-box store 28

For this thesis project, three big box stores are identified and looked into.

•

IKEA, Hyderabad - The first IKEA Store in India. As on April 2018, the store is under-construction and will open its doors by end of July this year.

•

Reliance Mart, Faridabad - The biggest hypermarket in Delhi NCR.

•

METRO Mall, Seelampur, Delhi - A wholesale, standaloneB2B store in Delhi.

IKEA Hyderabad Under-Construction Stand-Alone Store Home Furnishings Area: 37,000 sqm

Fig. 25. 3D View from South, IKEA Hyderabad, Source: Confidential

Site Planning

Fig. 24. 3D View from West, IKEA Hyderabad, Source: Confidential

•

Built mass placed in the center of the site

•

Entry and Exit on common edge of the building

•

Small parking area on the ground floor, for expansion

•

Vehicular movement all around the site

•

No areas demarcated for pedestrians

•

No clear connectivity to the metro station

Fig. 26. Site Planning for IKEA, Hyderabad Source: Author & Confidential

29

Basement Plans

Zoning

Fig. 28. Basement 2 Plan, IKEA Hyderabad, Source: Confidential

Fig. 27. Basement 1 Plan, IKEA Hyderabad, Source: Confidential

30

•

The store has a Call Center area which is plopped onto the typical IKEA Store

•

Loading & Servicing happens on the ground floor

•

All trolley-friendly areas are placed on the ground floor

•

No attempts made to maximize daylight

Ground Floor Analysis

KEY

Fig. 29. Ground Floor Plan with Movement Systems, IKEA Hyderabad, Source: Author on Confidential

31

First Floor Analysis

KEY

Fig. 30. First Floor Plan with Movement Systems, IKEA Hyderabad, Source: Author on Confidential

32

Trade Dress Analysis •

Use of IKEA Blue & Yellow

•

IKEA Logo needs to be written in English and the local language (Hindi)

•

Navigation Tower placed next to the to avoid overlaps in elevation

•

Low Window to Wall Ratio

•

Limited Use of Daylight

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Fire Escape Staircases are open and part of elevation

IKEA Colours

RGB 255,204,0 0,51,153

KEY

Fig. 31. Elevations, IKEA, Hyderabad, Source: Confidential

33

Movement Systems Fig. 32. Movement System in IKEA, Hyderabad, Source: Author

34

Users

Staff

Goods

Reliance Mart, Faridabad Attached to a Mall Hypermarket Area: 11,000 sqm

Fig. 33. Ground Floor Plan, Reliance Mart, Source: prithviestates.com

Fig. 34. Intended Lower Ground Floor Plan, Reliance Mart, Source: prithviestates. com

Fig. 36. First Floor Plan, Reliance Mart, Source: prithviestates.com

Fig. 35. Actual Lower Ground Floor Plan, Reliance Mart, Source: prithviestates. com & Author

35

Site Planning

36

•

Central built mass with two atriums

•

Vehicular movement on three sides of the building

•

Separate drop-off for anchor store

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Service access from lower ground floor and basements

Floor Analysis Fig. 37. Actual Lower Ground Floor Plan, Reliance Mart, Source: prithviestates.com & Author

Service Customer

37

Trade Dress

•

Use of Reliance Red & Blue

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Trade dress limited to logo on the building facade and lower ground elevation

•

Low Window to Wall Ratio

•

No Daylight in the Anchor Store

Fig. 39. Trade Dress becomes part of the mall facade at Reliance Mart, Faridabad, Source: Author

Movement Systems Fig. 38. Movement System in Reliance Mart, Source: Author

38

Users

Staff

Goods

Metro Mall, Seelampur, Delhi Standalone B2B Wholesale Market

Fig. 40. METRO Location & Traffic Issues, Source: Times of India

39

Trade Dress

•

Use of METRO Blue & Yellow

•

Trade dress pasted on the facade in the form of AluminumComposite Panels

•

Low Window to Wall Ratio; Inefficient Daylight

Fig. 42. METRO Trade Dress, Source: Author

Movement Systems Fig. 41. Movement System in Metro Mall, Source: Author

40

Users

Staff

Goods

Comparative Analysis IKEA, Hyderabad

Metro Mall, Delhi

(Under Construction)

Reliance, Faridabad (Crown Interiorz Mall)

Area of Store

37,000 SQM

11,000 SQM

5,500 SQM

Type of Store

Stand-Alone Store

Attached to a Mall

Stand-Alone Store

Home Furnishings

Hypermarket

Business-to-Business

Next to major IT Hub (Hitec City)

On a Highway (Mathura Road)

Residential Area (Seelampur)

No Response to Cultural or Climatic Context of Hyderabad

No Response to Cultural or Climatic Context of Faridabad

No Response to Climatic or Cultural Context of the Residential Area

Store Setting

Response to Context

Strong Response to Metro Station

Placeless-ness

The store strongly resembles typical IKEA stores across the world. This store too can be placed in any ‘generic city’ across the country

The store could be a part of any mall with similar floor space available.

While the store does integrate with the Metro Station complex, it can do the same with any metro station. It can even work if the metro station is removed from the existing site.

41

Building Typology

Building Expression

User Movement

Central Built Mass on the Plot

Central Built Mass on the Plot

The logo colors dress the building facade. Neutral colors are used inside the store with highlights in the logo colors at places.

The logo colors find place in the storefront on the lower ground level. It extends into the store in bits and pieces on columns and checkout points.

The logo colors dress the building facade. Neutral colors are used inside the store with highlights in the logo colors at places.

Follows the Long Natural Way of IKEA

Entry possible through the Mall

Uni-directional Movement

Open Plan allows Free Movement across the Store

Open Plan allows Free Movement across the Store

Restricted Choice for the Users

Experience

42

People tend to see the store in its entirety.

All customers can test each of the furniture items by sitting or sleeping. An average customer spends 4 hours in the store.

The open plan at this scale makes the store slightly chaotic with people moving in all directions. It becomes necessary to ask for directions for easy maneuvering.

Common Plaza with the Metro Station

The B2B nature of the store restricts the number of customers of this store. Hence, the open plan works with few problems.

Staff Movement

Goods Movement

Defined entry for Staff

Defined Entry for Staff

Defined Entry for Staff

Defined area for staff with locker rooms, training rooms, cafeteria etc.

Staff Area merged with Loading Area No Locker Space

Staff Area merged with Loading Area No Locker Space

Dedicated loading and unloading docks on the ground floor. All service happens from these.

Dedicated loading docks are available for the anchor store on the lower ground floor but a lot of service happens from the basement docks

Dedicated loading and unloading docks in the basement. All service happens from here.

No forklift access for the store.

No additional warehouse space available for the store. Display doubles up as storage. Restocking can only happen during off time.

Forklift access provided to all major areas.

Key Learnings

Separate warehouse space available.

Warehouse and self-serve areas can be restocked throughout the day.

Market Hall and Showroom can only be restocked during off time.

No additional warehouse space available for the store. Display doubles up as storage. Restocking can only happen during off time.

The store has a museum-like movement system which makes people visit the entire store.

The open plan allows for most flexibility.

Hence, the store gets a chance to reorganize segments as per user demands.

The scale of the store asks for dedicated loading, unloading and staff areas.

Hence, service is most organized.

The two entries and open plan tend to cause a chaos in the store on weekends.

No forklift access for the store

The open plan allows for addition or subtraction of stacks with ease. Hence, it is the most functional for METRO. It is possible to have loading areas in the basement and service through freight elevators only.

43

Conclusion Large Format Retail is Placeless

High Energy Consumption

Functionality

Retail stores range from extremes of functional to that of experiential. However, functionality takes clear precedence over response to physical or cultural context. The scope of aesthetic design appears mostly in the facade only.

With a need to have strong color rendition, stores have huge lighting loads. Though this maybe brought down with use of proper daylight, this hasn’t been done in any of the stores. The stores have reduced maintenance by sealing their buildings and depending on mechanical ventilation and cooling. Machinery used for loading, unloading and placement of goods asks for energy too.

All heavy products and equipment are kept on the ground floor or the basement for ease of service.

Trolley accessible areas are also restricted to the lower floors. The warehouse and storage aspects of the stores can overlap with the usable areas.

Open Spaces None of the stores offer any breakout spaces to their customers or staff. Only open areas given are for setbacks, drop-offs and surface parking.

Trade Dress All three stores exhibit the brand colors on the facade and in certain elements inside the store.

Clad in ACP and glass, making a purely aesthetic elevation, the facades don’t permit complete use of daylight.

44

Flexibility in Layouts The open layout of a store allows customers to wander around and gives them the freedom to visit or skip sections of the store. This may or may not be desirable by stores, as seen at IKEA Hyderabad.

Servicing With dedicated service and staff areas, IKEA is the only store which can be restocked serviced all throughout the day, without much hindrance to the customers. The other stores can only be stocked during closing hours.

Chapter 4

Program

Space 10 Labs & Workshops - 27.96% Space 10 Public Areas - 2.15% Mechanical Services - 6.75% Store Back End - 18.37% Store Customer Area - 44.77% Fig. 43. Broad Division of Areas, Source: Author

45

Site Area 9.54 Acres (38,500 sqm) Developable Area As/FAR 67,375 sqm Proposed Area for Store 43,390 sqm Remaining Area to be Developed 24,985 sqm

IKEA Components

EN-Entrance SR-Showroom PA- Children’s Play Area CW-Co-Worker Area ME-Mechanical Area MH-Market Hall RE-Restaurant GR- Goods Receiving Area SS-Self- Service Area WH-Warehouse CH-Check-Out Area EX-Exit Hall CS-Customer Service P-Parking EH-Exhibition Hall SC-Screening Room CA-Space 10 Café SL-Space 10 Labs PS-Prototype Shop Fig. 44. Relationship between IKEA Components, Source: Author

46

Detailed Area Program

Table 1. Detailed Area Program

Store

1

2

3

4

Areas

Carpet Area

Built Area

1.1

Security Check

100

130

1.2

Lift Area

100

130

1.3

Front Desk / Cloak Room

150

195

1.4

Café

150

195

2.1

Entrance Area

140

182

2.2

Living Room

1140

1482

2.3

Living Room Storage

580

754

2.4

Workspaces

440

572

2.5

Dining

480

624

2.6

Kitchen

630

819

2.7

Bedroom

1450

1885

2.8

Children’s IKEA

640

832

3.1

Seating Area

1800

2340

Restaurant & Cafe 3.2

Counter Area

300

390

3.3

Kitchen

750

975

4.1

Playground

200

260

4.2

Play Area (Indoor)

400

520

Entrance Area

Showroom

Children’s Play Area

Total

650

7150

3705

780

47

Store

5

6 7

8

9

10

48

Market Hall

Self-Serve Furniture Area Warehouse

Receiving Area

Check Out Area

Customer Service

Areas

Carpet Area

Built Area

80

104

5.1

Trolley Area

5.2

Open the Wallet Area

100

130

5.3

Table Ware & Cook Shop

850

1105

5.4

Textiles

650

845

5.5

Lighting

750

975

5.6

Home Organisation

500

650

5.7

Home Decoration

540

702

5.8

Glass House

800

1040

5.9

Wall Decoration & Mirrors

480

624

5.10

Rugs

450

585

6.1

Shop Activity

200

260

6.2

Seasonal Market

200

260

6.3

Stack Area

4138

5380

7.0

Warehouse

3200

4160

8.1

Goods Unloading Area

1080

1404

8.2

Forklift

150

195

8.3

Recycling Unit

300

390

8.4

Other Areas

1500

1950

9.1

Check Out Sales

380

494

9.2

Check Out Counters

500

650

10.1

Customer Service Area

350

455

10.2

Home Delivery Counter

250

325

10.3

Back Office Areas

200

260

10.4

Home Delivery Room & Docks

750

975

Total

6760

5900

4160

3939

1144

2015

Store

11

12

13

Exit Area

Staff Area (300 people)

Mechanical Rooms

Areas

Carpet Area

Built Area

11.1

Exit Hall

300

390

11.2

Bistro

350

455

11.3

Preparation & Handout Rooms

350

455

12.1

Day Care

200

260

12.2

Locker Areas

1500

1950

12.3

Training Area

450

585

12.4

Office Workspaces (Cabins)

250

325

12.5

Office Workspaces (Workstations)

600

780

13.1

Equipment Storage

350

455

13.2

Offices

350

455

13.3

Generator Room

400

520

13.4

Electrical Room

150

195

13.5

Transformer

80

104

13.6

Mechanical Room

180

234

13.7

Boiler Room

80

104

13.8

Sprinkler Room

300

390

TOTAL BUILT AREA FOR STORE

Total

1300

3900

2457

43860

49

Space 10

1

2

3

4

50

Carpet Area

Built Area

Natural Interface

1000

1300

Shared Living

1000

1300

Areas

1.1 Labs & Co1.2 Working Spaces 1.3 (400 people) 1.4

Local Foods

1000

1300

Digital Fabrication

1000

1300

2.1

Raw Material Store

2500

3250

2.2

Wood Workshop

1200

1560

2.3

3D Printing Workshop

1200

1560

2.4

Surface Treatment Shop

1200

1560

2.5

Textile & Pattern

1200

1560

2.6

Metal Treatment

1200

1560

3.1

Cafeteria

750

975

3.2

Common Areas

800

1040

3.3

Screening Rooms

480

624

3.4

Exhibition Space

600

780

4.0

Generator / Electrical / Transformer / Others

1500

1950

Factory / Prototype Shop

Others

Mechanical Services

TOTAL BUILT AREA FOR SPACE 10

21619

TOTAL BUILT UP AREA

65479

Total

5200

11050

3419

1950

Program Analysis

The following table illustrates the requirements of each of the spaces in the area program.

Table 2. Program Analysis,

Areas

Optimum Height (m)

Optimum Controlled Trolley Open-Space Forklift Service HVAC Width (m) Lighting Access Connectivity Access Access

1.1

Security Check

4

25

1.2

Lift Area

3.5

22.5

1.3

Front Desk

6

35

1.4

Café

4

25

2.1

Entrance Area

6

35

2.2

Living Room

5

30

2.3

Living Room Storage

5

30

2.4

Workspaces

5

30

2.5

Dining

5

30

2.6

Kitchen

5

30

2.7

Bedroom

5

30

2.8

Children’s IKEA

5

30

3.1

Seating Area

4

25

Restaurant & Cafe 3.2

Counter Area

4

25

3.3

Kitchen

4

25

4.1

Playground

NA

NA

4.2

Play Area (Indoor)

8

45

Store

1

2

3

4

Entrance Area

Showroom

Children’s Play Area

Artificial + Day-lit Strong Control Good Color Rendition

51

Areas

Optimum Height (m)

Optimum Controlled Trolley Open-Space Forklift Service HVAC Width (m) Lighting Access Connectivity Access Access

5.1

Trolley Area

4

25

5.2

Open the Wallet Area

4

25

5.3

Table Ware & Cook Shop

5

30

5.4

Textiles

5

30

5.5

Lighting

5

30

5.6

Home Organisation

5

30

5.7

Home Decoration

5

30

5.8

Glass House

5

30

5.9

Wall Decoration & Mirrors

5

30

5.10

Rugs

5

30

6.1

Shop Activity

4

25

6.2

Seasonal Market

4

25

6.3

Stack Area

6

35

7.0

Warehouse

6

35

8.1

Goods Unloading Area 6

35

8.2

Forklift Charging Station

6

35

8.3

Recycling Unit

6

35

8.4

Other Areas

4

25

9.1

Check Out Sales

4

25

9.2

Check Out Counters

4

25

Store

5

6 7

8

9

52

Market Hall

Self-Serve Furniture Area Warehouse

Receiving Area

Check Out Area

Store

10

11

12

13

Areas

Staff Area (300 people)

Mechanical Rooms

Optimum Controlled Trolley Open-Space Forklift Service HVAC Width (m) Lighting Access Connectivity Access Access

10.1

Customer Service Area 4

25

10.2

Home Delivery Counter 4

25

4

25

10.4

Home Delivery Room & 6 Docks

35

11.1

Exit Hall

4

25

11.2

Bistro

4

25

11.3

Preparation & Handout 4 Rooms

25

12.1

Day Care

4

25

12.2

Locker Areas

4

25

12.3

Training Area

4

25

12.4

Office Workspaces (Cabins)

4

25

12.5

Office Workspaces (Workstations)

4

25

13.1

Equipment Storage

6

35

13.2

Offices

4

25

13.3

Generator Room

7.5

42.5

13.4

Electrical Room

6

35

13.5

Transformer

6

35

13.6

Mechanical Room

6

35

13.7

Boiler Room

6

35

13.8

Sprinkler Room

6

35

Customer Service 10.3

Exit Area

Optimum Height (m)

Back Office Areas

53

Areas

Optimum Height (m)

Optimum Controlled Trolley Open-Space Forklift Service HVAC Width (m) Lighting Access Connectivity Access Access

Natural Interface

5

30

Shared Living

5

30

Local Foods

5

30

Digital Fabrication

5

30

2.1

Raw Material Store

6

35

2.2

Wood Workshop

6

35

2.3

3D Printing Workshop 6

35

2.4

Surface Treatment Shop

6

35

2.5

Textile & Pattern

6

35

2.6

Metal Treatment

6

35

3.1

Cafeteria

4

25

3.2

Common Areas

4

25

3.3

Screening Rooms

5

30

3.4

Exhibition Space

5

30

4.0

Generator / Electrical / 6 Transformer / Others

35

Store

1

2

3

4

54

1.1 Labs & Co1.2 Working Spaces 1.3 (400 people) 1.4

Factory / Prototype Shop

Others

Mechanical Services

Artificial + Day-lit Good Color Rendition

Artificial + Day-lit

Space Standards Loading Bay Fig. 45. Anthropometric Requirements for Loading Bays Source: Neuferts

55

Goods Handling Fig. 46. Anthropometric Requirements for Goods Handling Equipment Source: Neuferts

56

Escalators & Travellators Fig. 47. Anthropometric Requirements for Escalators & Travellators Source: Neuferts

Warehouse Fig. 48. Anthropometric Requirements for Warehouses Source: Neuferts

57

Workshop Requirements

Fig. 49. Production Sequence for a Woodwork Shop Source: Neuferts

CM - Chain Mortiser SIB - Slot Boring DM Dovetailing/ Mortising PD - Pin Drill CPS - Circular Panel Saw

Fig. 51. Production Sequence for a Metal Workshop Source: Neuferts

PT - Thickness Planer PS - Surface Planing ES - Edge Circular Saw CCS - Cross-Cut Machine M - Miling Machine Fig. 50. Relationship between materials, equipment and work spaces in a Wood Workshop. Source: Neuferts

58

SB - Belt Sander BS - Band Saw

Fig. 52. Relationship between Spaces in a Metal Workshop. Source: Neuferts

Chapter 5

Site Synthesis

Fig. 53. Solar Analysis of the Site Source: Author

59

Site Setting Fig. 54. Location of the Site Source: Author

Situated in Sector 47 of Gurugram, the site is a part of the proposed District Center. Surrounded by residential areas, an urban village, and an institutional area, the store is ideally located. The extension of the Huda City Center metro line of the Delhi Metro is proposed to run along the front of the site. A metro station is proposed at Bhaktawar Chowk.

60

Annual Rainfall 714mm Average Minimum Temperature

20.4C (7.3-28.3C)

Average Maximum Temperature

34.1C (21.1-39.6C)

Macro-Climatic Winds WNW

Site Plan

PETROL PUMP

Fig. 55. Site Plan

61

Site Condition

Developmental Norms

Ground Coverage

60% (Permissible As/HUDA Building Code 2017 for Big Box Retail Stores)

Floor Area Ratio

1.75 Permissible As/HUDA Building Code 2017 for Big Box Retail Stores

Permissible Height

Unrestricted (As/HUDA Building Code 2017 for Big Box Retail Stores)

Permissible Number of Basements

Unrestricted (As/HUDA Building Code 2017 for Big Box Retail Stores)

The basement may be allowed to the maximum roof height of not more than 1.5 meters from the ground level for the foot print of the building and after that till the zoned area, the roof of basement shall be flush with the ground level.

Occupancy

Street Floor and Sales Basement = 3sqm/person

Upper Sales Floor = 6sqm/person

62

Storage/warehouse, receiving and the like = 20sqm/person

Dining areas and restaurants with seating and table = 1.8sqm/person

Setback

The open spaces around the building shall be not less than 4.5 m for heights up to 16m, with an increase of the open spaces of 0.25 m for every increase of 1 m or fraction thereof in height above 16 m. (As/NBC 2016)

Parking Requirements

In Integrated/ Multi-Storey Commercial Building, Big Box Retail Stores and shopping mall 1.0 ECS for every 50 square meters of covered area shall be required. Therefore, 730 Cars needed. For restaurant, parking shall be provided as 1.0 ECS for every 2 seats and for multiplex/ cinema/ theatre 1 ECS for every 4 seats. Therefore, 500 Cars needed.

Site Analysis

Fig. 56. Site Analysis, Source: Author

63

Conclusion Part of Larger District Center

Residential Neighborhood

Vehicular Movement

The site is part of a 36 Acre District Center.

This makes it necessary for it to allow seamless transitions between the store and district center areas.

The area around the site is largely low-rise residential. In accordance, the store and the incubation center need not become a high-rise tower to attract attention.

Though the site allows vehicular movement on three sides, it would be better to restrict it to the North-West and North-East sides. Both those roads are major ones and can give appropriate entrances and exits without hampering traffic movement.

Proposed School Adjacent to Site

Access to Metro Station

The plot towards South-West of the site is proposed to be a senior secondary school. Hence, site planning should be done in way that those areas are quiet.

The proposed metro corridor will bring in greater footfall to the store and district center. It also adds onto the need for pedestrian friendly access to the store and incubation centre.

64

Chapter 6

Technology

Fig. 57. Illustration of Automated Parking Source: Author

65

Drivers

Occupancy

Technology Drivers for this Thesis will be as follows:

Table 3. Occupancy Calculations

•

Reduce Excessive Intake of Water

•

Capitalize on Heavy Footfall

•

Optimize Air-Conditioning

•

Achieve Efficient Parking

•

Provide Flexibility in Internal Layouts

•

Appropriate Facade

•

Appropriate Structure

Notes Built Area

(As/NBC 2016)

2046

Total / 10 (Floating Population)

EN

Entrance Area

650

SR

Showroom

7150

MH

Market Hall

6760

SS

Self-Serve Furniture Area

5900

RE

Restaurant

3705

1000+100

1000 Seats + 100 Staff

PA

Children’s Play Area

780

78

Total / 10

390

Co-Worker Area/10

223

Total / 20 (Floating Population)

WH Warehouse

4160

GR

Goods Receiving Area

3939

CW

Co-Worker Area

3900

CH

Check Out Area

1144

CS

Customer Service

2015

EX

Exit Area

1300

ME

Mechanical Services

4407

22

Total / 200

SL

Space 10 Labs

5200

520

Total / 10

PS

Prototype Shop

11050

553

Total / 20

CA

Space 10 Café

2015

202

Total / 10

SC

Screening Rooms

624

EH

Exhibit Hall

780

281

Total / 5

65479

66

Occupancy

4660

Table 4. Toilet Requirements for Offices Source: National Building Code 2016

Table 6. Toilet Requirements for Retail Buildings Source: National Building Code 2016

Table 5. Toilet Requirements for Restaurants Source: National Building Code 2016

67

Supplied by Book Supply Bureau Under the License from BIS for LARSEN AND TOUBRO CONSTRUCTION - MANAPAKKAM, CHENNAI ON 17-03-2017 09:00:59 (123.63.24.35) valid upto31-12-2017

Toilet Requirements

Supplied by Book Supply Bureau Under the License from BIS for LARSEN AND TOUBRO CONSTRUCTION - MANAPAKKAM, CHENNAI ON 17-03-2017 09:00:59 (123.63.24.35) valid upto31-12-2017 Supplied by Book Supply Bureau Under the License from BIS for LARSEN AND TOUBRO CONSTRUCTION - MANAPAKKAM, CHENNAI ON 17-03-2017 09:00:59 (123.63.24.35) valid upto31-12-2017

Supplied

by Book Bureau Under the License fromvalid BIS upto31-12-2017 for LARSEN AND TOUBRO CONSTRUCTION - MANAPAKKAM, CHENNAI ON 17-03-2017 09:00:59 (123.63.24.35) valid upto Supplied by Book Supply Bureau Under the License from BIS for LARSEN AND TOUBRO CONSTRUCTION - MANAPAKKAM, CHENNAI ONSupply 17-03-2017 09:00:59 (123.63.24.35) Supplied by Book Supply Bureau Under the License from BIS for LARSEN AND TOUBRO CONSTRUCTION - MANAPAKKAM, CHENNAI ON 17-03-2017 09:00:59 (123.63.24.35) valid upto31-12-2017

Toilet Requirements As Per Area Program Occupancy EN

Entrance Area

SR

Showroom

MH

Market Hall

SS

Self-Serve Furniture Area

RE

Restaurant

PA

Children’s Play Area

WH

Warehouse

GR

Goods Receiving Area

CW

Co-Worker Area

CH

Check Out Area

CS

Customer Service

EX

Exit Area

ME

Mechanical Services

SL

Space 10 Labs

PS

Prototype Shop

CA

Space 10 Café

SC

Screening Rooms

EH

Exhibit Hall

Urinals

Female Toilet

2046

21

21

21

1000+100

7+4(Staff)

10 + 4(Staff)

11

78

3

5

5

390

8

6

14

223

5

5

8

913

9

8

18

281

2

5

5

20

5051

68

Male Toilet

Water Consumption

Table 7. Water Requirements Source: National Building Code 2016

Supplied by Book Supply Bureau Under the License from BIS for LARSEN AND TOUBRO CONSTRUCTION - MANAPAKKAM, CHENNAI ON 17-03-2017 09:00:59 (123.63.2

Reduction in Water Intake

69

Table 8. Water Requirements Built Area (sqm)

Occupancy

20460

2046

780

Warehouse / Goods Receiving Area / CoWorker Area

Total

Flushing Use / Person

Total

5

10230

10

20460

78

5

390

10

780

11999

390

30

11700

15

5850

Check Out Area / Customer Service / Exit Area

4459

223

5

1115

10

2230

Mechanical Services

4407

20

30

600

15

300

18265

913

25

22825

20

18260

1404

281

5

1405

10

2810

Daily Requirements Entrance Area / Showroom / Market Hall / Self-Serve Furniture Area Children’s Play Area

Space 10 Labs / Prototype Shop / Space 10 Café Screening Rooms / Exhibit Hall

Domestic (Nos.) Use / Person

48265

RESTAURANT LANDSCAPING AREA

3705

13455

1100

55

60500

50690

15

5

WATER INTAKE ON DAY 1

70

16500

67277

243232 Liters

W

Area of Tank

Volume of Tank (cum.)

(Height = 6m) (sqm)

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

67190

67.2

11.2

MICRO TREATMENT PLANT

48265

48.3

8.1

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

60500

60.5

10.1

RECYCLED WATER AVAILABLE FOR DAY 2 (CONSIDERING 90% EFFICIENCY)

158360

158.4

26.4

WATER TAKEN FOR LANDSCAPING

67277

WATER TAKEN FOR FLUSHING

67190

LEFT OVER WATER

23893

WATER INTAKE DAY 2 ONWARDS

84873

84.9

14.2

REDUCTION IN WATER INTAKE

65%

HVAC TONNAGE REQUIREMENTS

6548

HVAC WATER REQUIREMENTS (Each TR of HVAC requires 5L of water (Thumb Rule)

EXCESS WATER

Tank Locations

32740

975

71

Electrical Requirements

Table 9. Recommended Equipment Load Factors Source: ASHRAE

Table 10. Recommended Interior Lighting Power Values Source: Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2016 72

Table 11. Electrical Requirements

Carpet Built Area Area

Occupancy

Timing

No. Of Hours

Lighting Total Lighting Load (W/ Load (KWH)2 Sqm)1

EN

Entrance Area

650

500

65

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

9.1

54.6

SR

Showroom

7150

5500

715

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

18.3

1207.8

MH

Market Hall

6760

5200

676

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

18.3

1141.9

SS

Self-Serve Furniture Area

5900

4538

590

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

6.8

370.3

RE

Restaurant

2730

2100

1000

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

10.9

274.7

Kitchen

975

750

100

8AM TO 12 MIDNIGHT

16

12.1

145.2

PA

Children’s Play Area

780

600

78

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

13.8

99.4

WH

Warehouse

4160

3200

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

6.8

261.1

GR

Goods Receiving Area

3939

3030

8AM TO 12 MIDNIGHT

16

6.8

329.7

CW

Co-Worker Area

3900

3000

8AM TO 12 MIDNIGHT

16

10.0

480.0

CH

Check Out Area

1144

880

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

12.8

135.2

CS

Customer Service

2015

1550

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

12.8

238.1

EX

Exit Area

1300

1000

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

9.1

109.2

ME

Mechanical Services

4407

3390

8AM TO 12 MIDNIGHT

16

7.1

385.1

390

223

20

73

Equipment Load (W/Sqm)3

Equipment Load (KWH)4

2

6.0

65

28.2

88.8

2

66.0

715

309.8

1584

2

62.4

676

292.9

1497

2

54.5

590

255.7

680

2

25.2

273

118.3

418

0

0.0

98

42.3

187

2

7.2

78

33.8

140

10.8

207.4

416

180.3

649

10.8

261.8

394

170.7

762

5.4

129.6

390

169.0

779

5.4

28.5

114

49.6

213

5.4

50.2

202

87.3

376

2

12.0

130

56.3

178

16.1

436.6

441

191.0

1013

74

Hvac Load Hvac Load Total (KWH/ (TR/Sqm)5 (1.3Kw/TR)6 Day)

Built Area

Occupancy

SL Space 10 Labs

5200

4000

PS Prototype Shop

11050

8500

CA Space 10 Café

2015

1550

SC Screening Rooms

624

480

EH Exhibit Hall

780

600

20

Lifts

-

65479

50368

5051

PParking

913

281

Lighting Total Lighting Load (W/ Load (KWH)2 Sqm)1

Timing

No. Of Hours

10 AM TO 6 PM

8

11.5

368.0

10 AM TO 6 PM

8

17.1

1162.8

10 AM TO 6 PM

8

10.9

135.2

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

9.6

55.3

10 AM TO 10 PM

12

9.6

69.1

8AM TO 12 MIDNIGHT

16

-

7022.6

1 Space Function Method As/ECBC 2016 2 Lighting Load x Carpet Area x No. of Working Hours 3 Peak Equipment Load As/ASHRAE Standards for Light / Medium / Heavy Usage 4 Equipment Load x Carpet Area x No. of Hours / 2 (Averaging Out Peak Hours) 5 Thumb Rule - 1TR/10SQM (Water Based Chiller AC) 6 Peak Power Demand for Water Based Chiller AC = 1.3KW/TR (As/CPWD Manual) 6 Total Power Demand = TR x 1.3 / 3 (Averaging Out Peak Hours)

75

Equipment Load (W/Sqm)3

Equipment Load (KWH)4

10.8

172.8

520

225.3

766

16.1

547.4

1105

478.8

2189

5.4

33.5

202

87.3

256

2

5.8

62

27.0

88

2

7.2

78

33.8

110

1.5

480.0

-

-

480

2594.0

6548

2837.4

12454

Lighting Load

7023KWH

Equipment Load

2594KWH

HVAC Load

2837KWH

Total Load HVAC Requirement

76

Hvac Load Hvac Load Total (KWH/ (TR/Sqm)5 (1.3Kw/TR)6 Day)

12454KWH 6548TR

HVAC System

2.0 WORKING PRINCIPLE AND STRUCTURE TOTAL REQUIREMENT = 6548 TR

2.1 REFRIGERATION CYCLE

MODEL

= Dunham-Bush DCLC Series 50Hz

circulating = DCLC 1400 (x diagram 5 UNITS) The compressor on a centrifugal chiller utilizes Single-stage compression the Vapour Compression cycle in the much the same way as any positive displacement compressor. The Vapour compression cycle uses a medium such as refrigerant to absorb heat at one part of the cycle and reject that heat at a different part of the cycle. The centrifugal compressor is a dynamic machine which raises the pressure and temperature of the circulating refrigerant by imparting velocity or dynamic energy through an electric motor driven impeller discharging into a volute or diffuser plate to convert this velocity energy to pressure energy.

As with all vapour compression systems, there are four major components: compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator.

The evaporator absorbs heat from its surrounding and the condenser rejects the heat collected plus any system losses to its surroundings. The cycle will continue to operate all the time the compressor is operating and a system load exists.

The following is the principle in details: Compressor: The refrigerant vapour enters the compressor in a low pressure, low temperature but superheated state. The compression process increases the pressure and the temperature and the now high pressure, high temperature superheated gas is discharged into a condenser, a heat exchanger Table 12. Comparison between VRF/VRV System where with Central Chilled Water System due to its high temperature the refrigerant can be condensed using cooling tower water or ambient Source: General Specifications for Heating, Ventilation air. & Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Works (2017), CPWD Condenser: The high pressure hot vapour is condensed into a high pressure hot liquid, or saturated as HVAC its pressure to its condensing temperature. This now high pressure liquid It is clear that a central, chilled water-based system isliquid the ideal solutioncorresponds for the project refrigerant discharges from the bottom of the condenser and is passed through an expansion valve or considering its location, function and demand. some other restrictive device.

Expansion valve: The downstream side of this expansion device is exposed to the low pressure part of the system which causes the refrigerant to expand rapidly as it passes through the device, as it expands; adiabatic cooling of the gas/liquid mixture occurs to the point where it is then colder than the water (or other liquid to be cooled) in the evaporator.

Evaporator: This is a second heat exchanger where the medium ultimately to be cooled by this process, the ‘chilled water’, is circulated on one side and the cold refrigerant mixture is circulated through the other side where it absorbs heat, thereby cooling down the chilled water. Cooling the chilled water is the fundamental purpose of the equipment. The refrigerant then continues to circulate in the system and after

77

Power Generation SOLAR PANELS Electrical Requirement / Day (KWH)

12454

Tilt Angle Calculation Latitude of Site

28.4

Tilt Angle

0.76 X LATITUDE + 3.1

24.684 Number of Solar Panels Required

78

Fig. 58. Solar Panel Arrays Source: civicsolar.com

Size of Solar Panel

1X2M

Size of Module

1x4M

Area of Module

4 SQM

Capacity of Each Module (In Ideal Sky & Spacing Conditions)

500

In KWH

0.5

Number of Modules Required

24908

Height Difference = Sin (Tilt Angle) x Module Width

Area of Each Module As / Optimum Spacing (sqm)

3.6

Height Difference (M)

Total Area Required (Sqm.)

90528

Module Width (Two Solar Panels) (in M)

4

SIN(28.684) X 4

1.67

Circulation and Wastage @40%

36211

Total Roof Area Needed

126740

Module Row Spacing = Height Difference / Tan (Tilt Angle)

Site Area

38,444

Module Row Spacing (M)

Ground Coverage

23066

Maximum Possible Area for Solar Panels

16476

No. of Solar Panels= Modules Possible

4533

Total Energy Generation Possible (KWH)

2267

Remaining Power Needed (KWH)

10187

0.95 / TAN (24.684) 3.6

Area Needed by Each Module (Sqm.)

Cost(Tilt) x Module Width 3.6

It becomes clear that solar panels will not be able to generate enough electricity to power the whole store. Hence, an alternate system of power generation is needed

79

Piezoelectric Tiles Electrical Requirement (KWH)

12454

Size of Tile (Pavegen V3)

500mm Equilateral Triangle

Circulation Area (20%)

10321

Area of Tile (SQM.)

0.11

Total Power Rating (KW) (Continuous Footsteps)

469

Power Rating (W) (Continuous Footsteps)

5

Power Generated through one Hour of Movement by 0.9 one Person (KWH)

80

Average No. of Hours Spent at IKEA

4

Power Generated by One Person (KWH)

4

Peak Store Occupancy

4118

Total Power Generated Per Day (KWH)

14825

Dwg 1. Areas with Piezoelectric Flooring on Each Floor

81

Automated Parking Fig. 60. Incorporation of Automated Parking System in the Project Source: Author

Fig. 59. Cart Type Automated Parking System Source: Author

Energy Requirements= 3KW / HOUR Parking Time = 90 SEC/CAR Retrieval Time = 90 SEC/CAR No. of Cars = 2000 Total Use Time = (2000x90 + 2000x90)

= 100 HOURS / DAY Total Energy = 300KWH / DAY

82

NUMBER OF CARS Dwg 2. Lower Basement Plan with Parking & Services

TOTAL

648 CARS / STACK 1944 CARS 83

Structure Expanded Polystrene Deck Slabs Fig. 61. Typical Floor Slab with Piezoelectric Flooring Source: Author on quadlock.com

84

Typical Slab Details Dwg 3. Typical Floor Slab Details for 6m and 12m Spans

85

Conclusion

86

Water

Electricity

Water-Based Air-Conditioning

The floating nature of the user group mandates a greater use of water for the toilet than any other function. Therefore, a two stack piping system is an efficient way of separating water for easy recycling.

Consequently, the project will have a Sewage Treatment Plant, a Micro Treatment Plant and an Effluent Treatment Plant (for kitchen waste).

The lighting, ventilation and equipment loads are 59, 24 and 18% of the total power requirement respectively. The roof area of the building will not be enough to generate the required amount of energy through solar panels. The heavy footfall and use of trolleys in the stores makes it possible to generate the electricity using piezoelectric floors instead.

The heavy TR requirement of the project makes it clear that a Water-Based HVAC System is the most ideal for the project. Additionally, water recycled in the STP can be used for the system and cover up for it’s drift losses.

Automated Parking Restricting vehicular movement to car lifts on the ground floors helps in enhancing the retail experience and makes it easier to deal with loading heavy material.

Chapter 7

Design Drivers

87

Qualitative Drivers

88

Urban Presence of Big Box Stores

Experience is the Key to Robust Retail Spaces

The Brand dictates Building Expression

A globally established home-furnishing store has moved forward with plans to expand and occupy an important open urban space at the Bhaktawar Chowk in Gurgaon. With the proposed metro station coming near the corner of the site, it is clear that there will be a subsequent increase in pedestrian traffic and private transport activity.

This makes it obvious that the typically closed big box retail model has to be questioned and a new identity given to the existing store’s façade to achieve a more dynamic urban presence. This will not only activate the urban space but also help in promoting the band.

The ability to see, touch and feel products as well as take items home immediately rank highest among the reasons consumers choose to shop in stores versus online. While IKEA does allow its users to experience all their products, the store is likely to lose relevance if they don’t sell themselves as much as they sell their products. However, the self-serve aspect of IKEA stores needs reconsideration for Indian markets. It becomes part of the experience of buying at IKEA as well. The store needs to extend its function to becoming a place for social gathering, almost a destination in and out of itself.

IKEA retail architecture is characterised by blue and yellow boxes. With very little windows and ACP panels, the store has a very strong, acontextual trade dress. While the brand has started to take sustainability into account for their European stores, the Hyderabad store has no such privileges. This needs to be strongly reconsidered.

It is acceptable that the brand wishes to establish their initial stores with their typical brand identity. However, the same needs to be done in a sustainable and climate-conscious ways through incorporation of daylight and power-generation measures.

Quantitative Drivers Segregate & Club Systems Appropriately

Reduce the Consumption of Energy

Appropriate Service & Stocking Spaces

The store and incubation center has three broad user groups, that are, customers, store employees and incubation employees. They further spread various division like pedestrians, taxi-users and car-owners. Apart from this, there is a major component of constant servicing and stocking that both the components need. Therefore, it is obvious that there will be separation and overlapping of movement systems. The desired system has been illustrated in a movement system diagram in the following pages.

A retail store is a massive consumer of energy.

With simple design considerations like optimizing daylight, the consumption can be reduced significantly. Additionally, creating an insulated shell for the store helps in reducing the HVAC loads in hot Delhi summers.

Because IKEA has its own warehouse space, it is likely to have frequent stocking of goods. While the areas for the same have been allocated, it needs to be ensured that this process does not disturb customers, the residential neighbors, the district center, the proposed school on the adjoining plot or ongoing traffic.

IKEA is expecting about 5000 customers every day. The energy demand can be fulfilled by using the converting mechanical energy that the customers generate into electricity, This can be done through simple installation of piezoelectric tiles across floors and circulation areas.

89

Site Synthesis Dwg 4. Determinants for Site Planning

90

Site Planning Dwg 5. Site Planning as a Result of External Factors

91

Movement Systems

Coworker Flow

Return Goods Flow

The following diagrams illustrate the desirable movement systems in the store.

Customer Flow

Trash Flow Fig. 62. Movement Systems, Source: Author

92

Goods Flow

Trolley Flow

Chapter 8

Design Translation

Fig. 63. Design Translation Source: Author

93

Opportunities with the Box Fig. 64. Possibilities with Box Buildings Source: Author

94

Interpretation on Site Fig. 65. Translation onto the Site Source: Author

SITE

TYPICAL IKEA BIG BOX

ADD SPACE 10

CREATE URBAN STREET

SPREAD OUT SPACE 10

PUNCTURE MASS

MAINTAIN BOX EDGE

ARTICULATE COURTS

ESTABLISH DISTRICT CENTER CONNECTION 95

Facade Typical IKEA Facade is •

Closed

•

Legible

•

Inward-Looking

•

“Non-Distracting”

•

ACP Clad

•

Blue and Yellow

The typically closed big box”retail model needs to be reconsidered to achieve a more dynamic urban presence as well as promote the brand. One way of doing this is through a permeable and animated envelope where the activities taking place inside can be showcased and can interact with urban activity. Hence, A “deep wall” system is created, where new programmatic options can be explored blurring the line between inside and outside to give the users and pedestrians a more interactive experience.

Fig. 66. Typical IKEA Store Facades Source: Google Images

96

The Deep Wall Facade Fig. 68. Development of the Deep Wall Facade Source: Author

Fig. 67. Urban Presence of the Facade

97

Developing the Facade Fig. 69. Script for Facade Parametrics Source: Author

Establishing a set of random points on the wall facade. Creating a square at each of the points.

98

Fixing a set of openings and grouping squares based on proximity to openings.

Scaling squares based on proximity to openings.

Merging squares to form tinted and clear glass surfaces.

Chapter 9

Development

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 1 MILI JAIN

Fig. 70. Design Development Stage 1 Source: Author

99

Stage 1 Major Considerations •

Create the IKEA Box Edge

•

Split Access Points

•

Common Area with District Center

•

Distribution of Cores

•

No Overlaps between Movements System

Problems •

Insufficient Number of Lifts & Cores

•

Bad Parking Experience

•

Open Space Unusable

•

Servicing Concentrated to Certain Areas

•

Tight Circulation

•

Inefficient Space10 Areas

•

No Breakout Spaces for the Store Customers

Dwg 6. Solar Analysis of Stage 1

Dwg 8. Movement System & Cores at Stage 1 100

Dwg 7. Big Box Edge Created at Stage 1

Stage 2 Major Considerations •

Incorporate Automated Parking

•

Improve Experience

•

Create Shaded Open Areas with Appropriate Massing for Winters & Summers

•

Create efficient service and staff cores for Space 10

January 10am

June10am

Problems

January 5 pm

June 5 pm

•

Congested Entry and Drop-Off Area

Dwg 9. Solar Analysis of Stage 2

•

Open Space Needs Better Articulation

•

Servicing Concentrated to Certain Areas

•

Overlapping vehicular traffic

•

Inefficient Basement

Dwg 11. Movement System & Cores at Stage 2

Dwg 10. Incorporation of Automated Parking at Stage 2 101

Stage 3

LVL +0

LVL +0

Pedsestrian Entry

Petrol Pump

Major Considerations

Space 10 Admin

Develop Facade

•

Merging Self-Serve Area into Warehouse; Reconsider Program for Indian clientele

Screening Room

Screening Room LVL +100

UP DN

DN

•

Space 10 Exhibit Area

Toilet

LVL +1400 LVL +2000

Space 10 Lobby

DN

• •

LVL +1400

Staff Area

Attach open spaces to all Space 10 Workshops Internal Layouts for Showroom and Market Hall areas

IKEA Entry

2 A105

Kitchen

Seasonal Market Exchange Desk

DN

LVL +2000

Play Area

IKEA Bistro

Take-Away Counter

Ramp Up to Showroom

DN

204 m²

612 m²

IKEA Lobby

DN

DN

LVL +1400

LVL +2000

Display Area

LVL +1400 IKEA Drop-Off

DN Display Area

Staff Core

LVL +1700 LVL +1400

LVL +0

Store Exit

Entry

UP 1

Problems •

Insufficient Number of Lifts & Cores

•

Customer Cores lack sufficient

A105

Dwg 13. Ground Floor Plan for Stage 3

Toilet

elevators

LVL +7000

Market Hall Not Enclosed

•

Showroom

Chamfered edge goes against the IKEA typology

6681 m²

Staff Area

Restaurant Kitchen 530 m²

Staff & Assembly Area

Restaurant Seating 1927 m²

Display Area

Entry from District Center

Dwg 12. Movement System & Cores at Stage 3 102

Fig. 71. Facade Development

Stage 4

1 A106

LVL +0

LVL +0

LVL +1400

Major Considerations

DN

LVL +1400

2

•

Split the Open Space

•

Define Access Points & Movement Across the Site

A106

SPACE10UP DN CORE

IKEA LOBBY

MARKET HALL

SPACE 10 UP DN SCREENING ROOM

2066 m²

SPACE 10 EXHIBIT

SPACE 10 LOBBY

796 m²

DN UP

CHECK OUT

LVL +0

STAFF AREA

UP

1104 m²

BISTRO

•

Clear Division of Store Entry & Exit

•

Consolidate Space 10 Core

LVL +1260

DN

SERVICE

UP

LVL +400

UP

SHOWROOM AREAS LVL +900

PLAY AREA

LVL +2000

LVL +1400

UP

CLOAK ROOM

•

EXIT AREA

Develop Facade from District Center Side - No Back of the Plot

LVL +1400

DN

1232 m²

UP

IKEA LOBBY

DN

IKEA LIFT LOBBY

LVL +1400

LVL +0

Problems •

Articulation of the Virgin Green Area

•

Tight Circulation

•

Basement Services & Ramps need Resolution

•

Hindered Connectivity to District Center

1

Dwg 15. Ground Floor at Stage 4

0 Ground Floor 1 : 500

MARKET HALL

TROLLEY AREA UP DN

UP DN

DN UP

RESTAURANT

COUNTER PLAY AREA 214 m²

KITCHEN

CAFE PICKUP POINT

DN

RESTAURANT

SHOWROOM

Entry from District Center LVL +7000

2

1st Floor 1 : 500

Dwg 14. Movement System & Cores at Stage 4

Fig. 72. Views for Stage 4 103

Stage 5 Major Considerations •

Unhindered Movement Across the Site

•

Easy Pedestrian Movement to & from District Center

•

Resolution of Upper Basement Services & Warehouse

•

Define Dedicated Open Areas for Restaurant & Cafe

Problems •

Workshop Layouts & Interconnectivity

•

Activate Pedestrian Street that Runs Across the Site

Dwg 16. Movement System & Cores at Stage 5 104

Fig. 73. Views for Stage 5

Design Journey

Legend

parking

low on experiential-ity

congested entry

common exit & entry

entry & exit clearly split

efficient entry & exit

core efficiency

insufficient in number

appropriate locations

insufficient in number

efficient locations

efficient numbers

circulation

no overlaps; long walks

traffic overlaps

traffic overlaps

articulation of accesses

articulation of street

servicing

concentrated; inefficient

concentrated

inefficient

need travellators

covers most areas

open space

ample; unusable

ample; needs articulation

pedestrian access created

open space split

unhindered movement

105

Resultant Zoning Dwg 17. Zoning Diagrams for Upper Floor

106

Chapter 10

Design Portfolio

Dwg 18. External Wall Section

107

Site Plan

Dwg 19. Site Plan

108 Dwg 20. Site Section

Floor Plans Ground Floor

Ground Coverage = 16545 sqm = 43%

Dwg 21. Ground Floor Plan 109

First Floor

Dwg 22. First Floor Plan

110

Second Floor

Dwg 23. Second Floor Plan

111

Third Floor

Dwg 24. Third Floor Plan

112

Service & Warehouse Upper Basement Plan

Dwg 25. Upper Basement Plan 113

Dwg 26. Section through Ramp to Basement

Dwg 27. Section through Loading Bays

Dwg 29. Types of Warehouse Stacks

Dwg 28. Section through Warehouse

114

Automated Parking Lower Basement Plan

Dwg 30. Lower Basement Plan 115

Parking Details

Dwg 31. Section through Parking Cart

Dwg 32. Section through Parking Stacks

Fig. 74. Entry Lifts Source: Author

Fig. 75. Entry & Lifts Source: Author

116

Sections

Dwg 33. Section AA’

Dwg 34. Section BB’

Dwg 36. Key for Sections

Dwg 35. Section CC’ 117

Elevations

Dwg 37. North-West Elevation

Dwg 39. Key for Elevations

Dwg 38. North-East Elevation

Dwg 40. View from Bhaktawar Chowk 118

External Wall Sections

Dwg 41. External Wall Sections

Dwg 42. Key for External Wall Sections 119

Views

Fig. 76. View when Driving from Sohna Road Source: Author

Fig. 77. View from District Center Source: Author

120

Fig. 78. Structural Skeleton Source: Author

121

Fig. 79. Isometric View Source: Author

122

Fig. 80. Isometric View Source: Author

123

Fig. 81. Sectional View through Space 10 Source: Author

124

Fig. 82. Sectional View through Colonnade Source: Author

125

Fig. 83. Sectional View through Exhibit Court Source: Author

126

Area Statement

Store 1

Areas Entrance Area

Table 13. Intended vs Actual Areas Source: Author 2

3

4 5

Showroom

Restaurant & Cafe

Built Area

Total Area

As Built Area

Notes

Security Check

130

650

1057

1057

1.2

Lift Area

130

1.3

Front Desk / Cloak Room

195

1.4

Café

195

2.1

Entrance Area

182

7150

7561

511

2.2

Living Room

2.3

1.1

1482

1140

Living Room Storage

754

544

2.4

Workspaces

572

886

2.5

Dining

624

699

2.6

Kitchen

819

735

2.7

Bedroom

1885

1279

2.8

Children’s IKEA

832

1767

3.1

Seating Area

2340

3.2

Counter Area

390

3.3

Kitchen

975

3705

4295

780

686

6760

6155

Children’s Play Area

4.1

Playground

260

4.2

Play Area (Indoor)

520

Market Hall

5.1

Trolley Area

104

5.2

Open the Wallet Area

130

120

5.3

Table Ware & Cook Shop

1105

926

5.4

Textiles

845

885

5.5

Lighting

975

348

5.6

Home Organisation

650

765

5.7

Home Decoration

702

5.8

Glass House

5.9 5.10

750

1040

1188

Wall Decoration & Mirrors

624

502

Rugs

585

671

127

Store 6

Areas Self-Serve Furniture Area

Total Area

As Built Area

Notes

5900

9645

9645

6.1

Shop Activity

260

6.2

Seasonal Market

260

6.3

Stack Area

5380

7

Warehouse

7.0

Warehouse

4160

4160

8

Receiving Area

8.1

Goods Unloading Area

1404

3939

2199

2199

8.2

Forklift

8.3

Recycling Unit

8.4

Other Areas

Check Out Area

9.1

Check Out Sales

494

1144

1290

1290

9.2

Check Out Counters

650

Customer Service

10.1

Customer Service Area

455

2015

2340

317

10.2

Home Delivery Counter

325

10.3

Back Office Areas

260

10.4

Home Delivery Room & Docks

975

11.1

Exit Hall

390

11.2

Bistro

455

11.3

Preparation & Handout Rooms

455

Day Care

260

9 10

11

12

Exit Area

Staff Area (300 12.1 people) 12.2

128

Built Area

195 390 1950

Locker Areas

1950

12.3

Training Area

585

12.4

Office Workspaces (Cabins)

325

12.5

Office Workspaces (Workstations)

780

2023

1300

1211

1211

3900

6620

Merged with Play Area 4871 1749

Store 13

Areas Mechanical Rooms

2

3

4

Labs & CoWorking Spaces (400 people) Factory / Prototype Shop

Others

Mechanical Services

Total Area

As Built Area

As Built Area

2457

5119

5119

Built Area

Total Area

As Built Area

As Built Area

5200

4721

995+ 1174+ 2552

11050

3043

3043

8776

3761+ 3496+ 1519

1642

1642

1882

1882

-

Merged with Store Services

13.1

Equipment Storage

455

13.2

Offices

455

13.3

Generator Room

520

13.4

Electrical Room

195

13.5

Transformer

104

13.6

Mechanical Room

234

13.7

Battery Backup Room

104

13.8

Sewage Treatment Plant

390

Space 10 1

Built Area

Areas 1.1

Natural Interface

1300

1.2

Shared Living

1300

1.3

Local Foods

1300

1.4

Digital Fabrication

1300

2.1

Raw Material Store

3250

2.2

Wood Workshop

1560

2.3

3D Printing Workshop

1560

2.4

Surface Treatment Shop

1560

2.5

Textile & Pattern

1560

2.6

Metal Treatment

1560

3.1

Cafeteria

3.2

Common Areas

3.3

Screening Rooms

624

3.4

Exhibition Space

780

4.0

Generator / Electrical / Transformer / Others

TOTAL AREA

975

3419

1040

1950

1950

65479

67185 129

Model

Fig. 84. Work in Progress Photographs of the Model Source: Author

130

Fig. 85. Model Photographs Source: Author

131

Fig. 86. Model Photograph Source: Author

Site Model Fig. 87. Site Model Photograph Source: Author

132

Jury Comments

The discussion largely revolved around the building expression and the brand’s disposition. The jury agreed with maintaining the box identity of IKEA as it is just starting to set up stores in India.

The jury questioned why the stepping character of the building does not translate into the rigidity of box edge facade on the North-Eastern and North-Western Sides. The facade edges seemed to get more importance than the rest. It was discussed that the district center views the store differently from the vehicular traffic.

The street from the metro station, running across the site was highly appreciated as an urban intervention. It was agreed that the public functions aligned along the street would make the street the preferred path rather than just an option.

Fig. 88. Thesis Presentation Source: Jayati Chopra

The jury questioned what does the store have to offer that conventional IKEA stores don’t. This was answered in three parts: 1.

Shortcuts - The conventional IKEA store forces people to move through the entire store. In this approach, inconspicuously placed shortcuts give the users a chance to bypass some sections.

2. Furniture Shopping - Furniture shopping in India is a family exercise. Hence, areas like the restaurant, breakout points, intermediate seating areas and children’s play area are given greater emphasis.

3. Energy Generation - IKEA stores are guzzlers of energy.

However, in this one, piezoelectric flooring is used to convert to mechanical energy generated by the footfall into electricity.

In totality, the jury was happy with the work, presentation and model.

Fig. 89. Model Photograph Source: Author

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Notes

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