Graphic Design MA Phase 3 ARIA
(MING-SHAN WONG)
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Phase 1 Creative Industries
P. 01
The Log-O-Rithmic Slide Rule: A Retrospective
P. 02
Manchester Design Conference: DM18 Disrupt
P. 05
Design Dumbar
P. 07
GraphĂŠine
P. 09
Tokyo Midtown: Desing Touch 2018
P. 11
Collective work
What Is the Future Trend?
P. 12
Workshop
The Desgin Process
P. 15
Typography
P. 16
Project 1
Macro Photography
P. 17
Project 2
LEAP
P. 23
The Combination of Art
P. 27
MA Porject
Why is it hard for young people to fall in love with classical music?
P. 28
Classical Music Album Desgin: Denise Burt
P. 29
Cognitive Biases
P. 31
Synesthesia
P. 32
Wassily Kandinsky
P. 33
Phase 2 Workshop Case Study
MA Project
P. 35
Workshop by Sara Carvino/ Guest Workshop
P. 37
A trip to Ireland
P. 39
TATE Modern
P. 42
The relationship between Classical Music & Broccoli
P. 45
Classical music therapy
P. 47
Interview: Unipapa
P. 49
Project Development
P. 51
Survey results and reflection st
P. 51
The 1 visaul experiment
P. 52
Case study
P. 52
Fat, round and Sans Serif
P. 53
Fat, round and Sans Serif: Experiment
P. 55
Serif experiment
P. 56
Typography layout experiment
P. 59
Risograph, silk screen printing
P. 61
Could packaging be ny outcome?
P. 63
How audio engage with people?
P. 63
New logo & Bauhaus experiment
P. 63
Humor in my design
P. 65
Humor in my design: Experiment
P. 65
Phase 3
P. 67
Case Study
Dresden Museum of Technology and Industry/ Museum of Senses in Prague
P. 68
MA Project
Project Development
P. 69
Next Step to Future
Solution for my project
P. 69
The first visual experiment in phase 3
P. 69
Fun facts expoloring
P. 69
Do people still read magazine?
P. 71
Riso experiment
P. 72
Outcome will be
P. 77
Call to action
P. 78
Animation, is it hard?
P. 78
Visual desgin for animation (in Illastration)
P. 79
Animation process
P. 83
Printed poster for pormoting?
P. 86
Future Plan
References
P. 87
P. 89
PHASE ONE
Creative Industries Collective work Workshop Project 1 Project 2 MA Porject
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24, Sep, 2018
Nottingham Contemporary
Trix and Robert Haussman Exhinition
I always find contemporary art is hard to understand and have deeper meaning, and the exhibition that held in Nottingham Contemporary is no exception. Feeling confused after my first visit to this exhibition, which actually rouse my curiosity. I have dig up into the designers’ background as well as the interpretation of the art piece. In fact, after visiting the museum and doing some research about it, I decided to visit the Nottingham Contemporary again for better understanding. I found the the Haussman, who can be counted the most important Swiss designers, were both strongly influenced by the Bauhaus and new objectivity, albeit in different ways. According to Schaad (2004), They have challenged the tradtion in the field of architectue and made it a fashion of irony. In the article reactivating a manifesto, which reported the Haussman has open up a field of discourse in contemporary art.
Additionally, the Haussman founded ‘Allgemeine Entwurfsanstalt’ (General Design Institute) in 1967, and have been raising question against mannerism, for putting too much emphasis on function. I can tell from their work that they turned to art history and architectures as their inspiration, which has never been so popular in America but has left a great impact in Europe. In fact, Their work spans architecture, product design, installation, furniture and textiles and what made them stand out is that their dedication to merge old concept with new ideas. Besides, with a playful mind, the series of “Chair Fun” are somewhat mockery and imaginative as well as the design using mirrors to create distorted truth , they said that ‘with a mirror, one can destroy the real, enlarge it, change it.’ Creative as they are, their design of furniture are lively except just lie deadly on the space. 2
There two pieces that intrigued me the most, “Torre” and “Maso-Chair”
h, [FIG 1]
Torre [FIG 1] [FIG 2] Torre is a tall but thin closet that using mirrors to create illusions and the drawing of cubic shapes that made each facade of the furniture into another 3D-like-graphic surface. This approach they categorized in “Lehrstück” and dedicated since 1977. It was also described as “ Critical Mannerism” , which arguing that forms follow function instead of function follows forms. However, the form they excelled could actually function in daily life instead of just the fever dreams of collectors. They also convinced that “the best thing is to not be a slave to what is natural, to go beyond, to shock, to twist, not to accept.” Take the first look of “Torre”, I thought there were hollowed or perhaps transparent windows, then I found out that it was actually the scheme of the Haussmanns that made me believe in the unreal. Additionally, the venue’s wall is covered up in the shape of geometry, which makes it more interesting that the mirrors on the design reflects the pattern and looks like kaleidoscope, which arouse my memories of my childhood. What makes their design interesting is that to let believe, or to find out the truth is not what you have seen in the first look, making me think of the media nowadays usually tell the public part of the story instead of whole things that
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happened. Moreover, people are used to getting information without thinking or digging into more while the truth just over there and need a closer look. It might not be the Haussmanns’ inspiration of this design, but it is the charm of art and design, that the viewers will have more interpretation and brooding of more issue related. In fact, “Torre” is not the kind of furniture that I will own in my bedroom; however, it is a contemporary design that deserves to show and tell everyone about the story and evaluation of the designers’ thinking and also let the viewers to brood over the charm of creativity.
[FIG 2]
[FIG 3]
Maso-Chair [FIG 3] "Maso-Chair" is categorized in the "Fun Chair" series, which their initial design is to convert existing chairs into what they described as "absurd readymades". In fact, they committed themselves to complexity and contradiction. In gallery one shown their first experimental design of the "Fun Chair" series, "Neon Stuel" that can be spotted easily with its lighting tubes of structure and leopard pattern. Then, going through into gallery two will see other design of the series. "Maso-Chair" is an Eames chair that fitted with spikes. Of course, it is definitely not a chair you can sit on and relax. In fact, it is the designers’ mockery of the existing chairs’ doctrine that "for ms follow functions" that reminds me of Dada and the controversial art piece "fountain" by Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp. Whenever a trend of design is prevail, there will always be other group of people growing opposite ideas. It is a normal issue in the field of art and design, like the group presentation I did in September, which is "Hand wrote typography", as we live in the digital technology eras, typing fonts is the method we usually see and apply
in. However, hand draw typography can shows a different aspects and feelings of fonts than the typing one, that despite the advance of technology, it still prevail among our daily life. Comparing to other museum I have been to, like V&A museum in London (in 07,Sep 2018), Penacotak in Munich(2016) and also many museums in Taiwan, Nottingham Contemporary is really small but lovely. To be honest, for my first visit, I was confused that are there more than just three display room, or did I not find it. It turned out that it is much more smaller than I have imagined. Despite the size of the museum, it holds various art forms aim to integrate the city, like dance, football and so on. I love the idea of gathering citizen by occuring art events, which is a way to socialize and educate as well. In fact, as a student study graphic design in NTU, we can also have the opportunity to co-design with Nottingham Contemporary and I reckon that is a really great opportunity to meet and communicate with other designers and students.
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19, Oct, 2018
[FIG 3]
[FIG 4]
The conference is more like an all-day lecture, or to say it was like TEDx Talk in design area. There are many designers’ lecture for us to choose to attend; however, some of them are held simultaneously that we only can choose one to go. I have attend six lectures that day; however, to be honest, I didn’t fancy all of them. In fact, I am more into the lecture that contend more visual images or animation as well as the process and philosophy about the designers’ thinking. In Ben Wright’s lecture [FIG 4], he explained about his perspective towards “branding” as well as enunciated the relationship between client and agency is that we should blurred the lines between them. Wright suggested, We were not client. We feel like part of the team (2018)[FIG 5] . On top of that, through all his experiences, he said that we should constantly adapt the environment instead of confining to one area. In fact, his team has designed many prestigious international branding, such as Airbnb, Deliveroo, Adobe. He emphasized that brand is not just a logo, and this idea correspond to the branding and identity workshop that our guest lecture, Hannah, given to us. Brand is a story, it is not simple and plain as a logo, it is that a brand can tell a story of itself. 5
He also values great on teamwork and he perceieved that there is no ego in a company, all we should do is to encourage the entire team and lift people in the studio, then try providing new references and new form, which will bring out great talent in the agency. I can not agree with him more that since I have a few internship back in Taiwan, and through these experiences, I have found out that teamwork do play an important role in a company. [FIG 5]
[FIG 6] [FIG 7]
Liza Enebeis, she is responsible for the creative quality of Studio Dumbar in Netherland. She began with humorous chit chat, and showed us with their visual works. I relish being bombarded with loads of colors, shapes, photos, etc.,[FIG 6] [FIG 7] which made my inspiration runs in my head and feel more exhilarant about design and art. The project of motion graphic with classical music was really interesting and left a great impression on me, since I am intended to use similar idea in my MA project. The works of Studio Dumbar is vibrant and full of intense colors, with cuttingedge layout and shapes that I considered a really bold design, which I want to emulate the style of it. Being an international student outside my country is a challenge, since the language is completely different and also the culture, but I reckon it a way to grow up and know what others from different part of the world perspective and knowledge of design. Studying abroad and attending events relating to design can broaden my horizons and letting me aware of having more competitives all over the world and I should strive to be better. 6
DESIGN DUMBAR 27, Oc, 2018
[FIG 8]
I knew Design Dumbar by Design Conference in Manchester on October. I was impressed by the creative director, Liza Enebis, not only she was humorous when addressing her speech but also the content she displayed was visually pleased. Therefore, I looked into Design Dumbar on the website for reserach. In fact, during the conference, she showed the audience the process of their design. I found it interesting that the thinking process is always being valued in western, rather than in Asia that mostly people rely on the outcome. In fact, the creative thinking usually are form the way one brainstorm. Analyzing the style of Design Dumbar, their works usually apply intense colors and contrast of shapes into design, which I considered really bold, challenging and eye-catching, or I could say their works are really cutting-edged. [FIG 9]
Through all their works, "The Communication design with integrity for the Dutch Alzheimer Foundation" left a great impression for me. [FIG 8][FIG 9] It is a world-wide concerning illness that should catch public awareness. In fact, their client is a non-profit organization, Alzheimer Nederland, which aim is to raise funds, regardless that there are many charity organization in competition. In fact, they came up to the design strategy by communicating to people’s hearts in a powerful way, but also quietly, without shouting – with impact and integrity. In design conference, Liza, the creative director, mentioned their design process in the initial stage is not that creative, but they work as a team and brainstormed together then eventually came out the design.The final identity is indeed recognizable and bold, with the blurred, fading elements on the typography. A d d i t i o n a l l y, t h e f e e d b a c k t h e y received was positive and succeed to resonate audience’s emotional feelings towards Alzheimer. Another design that blowed my mind is "EUNL — A European logo for the
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[FIG 10]
Dutch Presidency of the European Union", a governmental design[FIG 10][FIG 11][FIG 12][FIG 13] . The European Union is not always popular with the general public, so the design strategy is to reverse ‘the typical governmental design’, which is dull and ‘institutional-style. Instead, they designed in a colourful and joyful style. Henceforth, they hid the letter ‘NL’ in the ‘EU’, with the Netherland national flag’s colors, red, white and blue, as well as Dutch orange and EU blue. The outcome is positive that not only did they surprised the organizers but also the public and the designed items were taken as souvenirs by diplomats and journalists.
[FIG 11]
A g o o d d e s i g n re q u i re s c r e a t i v e thinking, we do not have to confine ourselves to the already-existed frame b u t t o t h i n k d i ff e re n t l y. Th i s y e a r would be my final year of being as a design student and I should seize the opportunity to challenge myself for experimenting new visual as there is no reality, like job or design cases to concern about.
[FIG 12]
[FIG 13]
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15, Nov, 2018
[FIG 14]
[FIG 15]
[FIG 7] 9
[FIG 16]
“Saint-Étienne Opera House - 2017-18 season”, a series of visual design made by Graphéine, a branding agency based in Paris and Lyon, France, caught my eyes when flipping through Facebook. In fact, they had designed the logotype of SaintÉtienne Opera House in 2015 describing both the structure and also the mission of the Opera, which is to entertain the public. As for this year, the associated the design with agents, musicians and publics. Their use of colors are intense, complementary as well as those performers’ exaggerate expression made the image strikingly vivid. The theme of the design is “shared emotions” [FIG 14] [FIG 15] [FIG 16] , which was inspired by the people who made up the opera, the crew and the musicians.To put all the photos together, they will turning into a sequence of continuous images like passing over a smile to another, all in solidarity. To exert the idea of “passing over”; instead, there is no specific figure shows up on the shows’ posters, but symbolic accessories, like a jewelry or a throne. The layout was designed in an interesting way that the hand of giving out and receiving objects are in the order of up and down, which makes our eyes more focus on the things that being tranferred.
In fact, I have shown gret passion on music performances and had experiences attending various concerts. Due to what I study, I always pay attention to the visual design of the performances. I usually went to National Performing Art Centre in Taiwan at least once a month, since their performances are in high quality as well as having a good taste in their visual design. However, I considered those design had reach a specific aesthetic sense but somehow not bold enough to challenge the status quo in the field of design, which could be one of the reason that never seem to be attractive to most young people. In my opinion, the young generation need different and creative visual to break their stereotype of “only old people will go to these art performances”. That is the phenomenon that I have discovered and decided to do on my MA project, to combine classical music with design, which the Saint-Étienne Opera House - 2017-18 season had already achieved the objective to catch the public towards opera. I consider music is the thing that everyone can enjoy, despite what age one is in and I am hoping that the young will bear a more open mind towards classical music or perhaps falling love with it. I am aware of the MA project is challenging but I have passion and confidence to find the solution to design. 10
[FIG 17]
19, Nov, 2018
Tokyo Mintown, Design Touch 2018
I found “Tokyo Mintown, Design Touch 2018” by flipping through Facebook page. It is the combination of sixteen creative art and design events happening in Tokyo Midtown from 19, Oct to 04, Nov, 2018. The event allows the public to partake in and experience the feeling of future ideas. [FIG 17] The visual of the event is eye-catching and applied with intense and bold colors [FIG 17]. In fact, the color palette of the main visual was tilt and bright orange with mottled texture like there is glitch attached to it, which made the visual looks quite retrospective. I was surprised that it does not look like the typical Japanese visual design style that I usually seen, which usually will be black and white with simple and neat layout design, as well as the atmosphere of still and tranquility. Moreover, the typeface with the shape of arch is in relation to the flipping visual as well as the vibrant layout with motion. Additionally, according to the main visual designer, Masakiki Hanahara 11
(2018), who was awarded New Designer 2018 by Japan Graphic Designers Association, adopted the idea of “coin toss”, which related to people thinking of the unknown future that is surely the mixture of anxiety and hopes. There are always motif around “future” being design throughout these years, even in my BA show, we designed a main visual about “future”. Therefore, it is a theme considered cliche; however, interesting is that everyone has their own perspective of future form time to time by using different metaphor. Of course, there is definitely no way to tell the right or wrong of the idea of future, since no one can predict precisely what will occur afterwards. The only thing I can do is to pay attention to observe the surroundings and make meticulous predict of the upcoming trend and I guess the visual design of “future” will always be interpreted in different but creative ways.
Collaborative Task
19, Nov, 2018
This is the first task we had and worked as team. Future trend is hard to predict, indeed, we should pay more attention to what is going on in our daily life so that we may grasp some idea from the reality we are in and try to predict the next. Our group had discussed and listed a few traits on the trends during the workshop, and in the end, we focus on hand wrote typography for our collaborative task. First, we asked ourselves why do we use hand writing? Mike Perry (2007) mentioned that “I feel a bit more alive when I’m working the type with my hands." Indeed, people are still fascinating about hand writing nowadays that whenever I go on design and art related webpage can always it was wildly applied on works. Additionally, the style of hand wrote typography can be either like vintage, bold, elegant, or a way to show personalization. In fact, we found that it usually appears in album design, fashion design, poster design, book cover design, webpage design, and packaging design. I was responsible to album cover design and volunteered to present on behalf of the group that I considered it is a chance to comprehend more about the theme by rehearsing.
Before I dug into more information i n t o a l b u m d e s i g n , I b ro o d e d over the history of hand drawn typography and reminded me of an artist from Czech Republic, Alfons [FIG18] Maria Mucha. His poster was painted with delicate flora and women, with hand wrote title and contexts. In fact, before printing media technology become popular, the advertisements were using handwriting for the information. Although it seemed well-written, we can tell the difference between being printed or painted by hands and that is what made handwriting so interesting in some point — the imperfection.
[FIG 18]
However, to think more thoroughly that why we still apply this technique in nowadays design. That I think it could trace back to the feeling for lettering, it is the way people communicate with each other and express their feeling. Angela Reed (2016) suggested that “It’s important to keep communication with ink, especially when it comes to express appreciation. I think is that personal touch, the thought that someone has taken pen and paper to make a physical connection with you.” Jackie (2017) mentioned that “Receiving letter is a wonderful and can break out of your mundane life you might be having and it seems that letters last longer.” 12
Collaborative Task
Wondering if there’s any contemporary artists or designers are prestigious for their hand wrote typography related works, I found an artist based in London, Kate Moross. Her works are like graffiti [FIG 19], and those bright and bold colors reminds me of Keith Haring. However, in my opinion, her style of work could be identified easily, but it somehow lacks of new visual evolution or elements. To be specific, seeing more than one of her work actually make me bored, for those all in the similar color palette and didn’t have a different visual that strikes out making me “wow”. Having some background of hand draw typography had furthered my research about applied it on album design.
[FIG 20]
[FIG?]
[FIG 21]
[FIG 22]
[FIG 19]
In fact, I analyzed seven methods of hand draw typography that are commonly seen on album covers. The first one is “Signature”, appears in “Annie Hall” [FIG 20] , a romantic comedy directed by Woody Allen. We could see his signature across the album, which means that he is definitely prominent that worth to display on. Using just two colors, which is black and red, really eye-catching and bold. “Characters designed into graphic shape”, is shown on Woody Allen’s [FIG 21] other work, “Manhattan” , by using brushes to design the font into buildinglike shapes, which related to the title. 13
“Different typeface” is what I fascinated about hand draw typography — the characters are all in different fonts and sizes but they seem coordinate well with [FIG 22] each other. “Anxiety” , an album of Blood Orange, the designer conveyed the anxious mindset by placing layout not in order as well as the color “red”, which in psychology, it can be considered “dangerous” or “threatening”. Everyone’s handwriting is different and perhaps it's a way to show their personality and expression as well. “Wild”, [FIG 23] Troye Sivan’s album , there’s a big
bold yellow “WILD” lies front and back of Troye Sivan’s face, as if he was not confined with the frame of the word but related to it — wild. As I mentioned, lettering is a personal touch , a private message sending to you, as a result there are many albums employed this concept. In the album [FIG 24] “Marina and diamonds” , it was packaged as an envelope, as if this album is just for you. “The Love Letter”, of course, it is meant to use handwriting for design, to demonstrate one’s feeling and sincerity.
[FIG 23]
Hand draw typography can be free and without constrict, as many Jazz albums do. In fact, Jazz is a musician's music that shows the player’s personality, therefore it is fair enough to convey the musician's [FIG 25] feeling by using handwriting . To sum up all the works in my group, I found that album, fashion, book cover and website, they all have the common of using hand draw typography as a tool for expression and it is the artist’s emotion projected on the design; while food packaging is more like marketing strategy by using psychology approach to manipulate customers’ mind to believe the product is natural or homegrown. W ith the unreplaceable traits of handwriting, Nick Carson (2018) said that “From artisan chalkboard designs, to intricately crafted packaging designs and beautifully ornate typographical illustrations, hand lettering is a massive trend that doesn't show any sign of waning”. I know it is what will stay on to the future trends, or could say it is a classic in typeface.
[FIG 24]
[FIG 25]
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2, Oct, 2018
“What is design?� I have heard of the question all the time, since I studied graphic design for undergraduate studies and had attended many design workshops and activities before. Still, I have heard of different answers to the question because the field of design is too wide. However, through this class, Sarah made it clear and narrowed the definition that I finally gain the exact definition of "design". Design is a human activity to achieve a desired result. The hives created by bees and the nest build by birds are not design; instead, the use and manufacture of tools are the difference between animals and humans. The development of tools is considered evolution.That is design, an answer to the tangible or intangible human need. We all know that design is everywhere in our daily life, since it was developed by our social, emotional and cultural experiences. However, design is not that simple as we imagine. It has to been through some specific phase, such as observation, research, brainstorming, experiment, and so on. When I was back in internship in Taiwan, my mentor once told me that there is no need to rush your idea into final outcome, you should develop the idea step by step though there is always a deadline in the way. However, the process of designing is vital that those good and creative ideas usually comes up at that specific moment. We have been told that audience is also a crucial thing that we need to take 15
into consideration when doing design work. We should keep asking ourselves that "Why should I do the design?" "Who am I designing for?" "What is the purpose?" "Where is it going to display to the target?" "How am I going to display the idea?". In fact, Design always derives from a purpose , not like art, which can be out of nowhere but expression. Hope learning these tips and know how to exert them will help me to gain more understanding of design and do better in my future work.
7, Noc, 2018 I have confidence in layout design; however, I was quite afraid of facing with typography due to it is a field I am not familiar with. I have set an aim for myself for this year is that to do bold design and push myself to challenge the convention. The reason I did this resolution is that back in my undergraduate education system is quite conservative. If a student has a dissident with the leading teacher, one might failed and can not graduate. Therefore, we usually keep our design style in the way our teacher approved and that confined us to think differently or creatively. And so, I had never tried to play with typography, since I knew it will take my grade in risk. In fact, the typography workshop we had is quite interesting. We can play with different typeface, titles and contents by cutting off from magazines [FIG 26] [FIG 27] and newspaper. I have learned how to arrange different fonts together in unity of a piece of artwork and having so much fun. It could be looked like DADA’s collage, the Bauhaus style during the 20s like Futura and Helvetica posters, or even create your own style. In fact, I have learned the way to delicate layout by sketching lines and squares at [FIG 28] first, then fit in all the contents . I found it hard to predict those words in different sizes will look like, it could be less or more than the space we left for it. Therefore, I guess the idea of dividing is a way to let us know how the layout would be like. Additionally, I employ this method on other ongoing project ‘LEAP’, to make the layout looks vibrant as if the visual is going into a direction. Compared to my previous studies, we
are not allowed to put more than two fonts in one design for fear that the layout would be messy. However, this typography workshop to me was like having a rebellion towards my previous studies, and to be honest, it felt so good, like the taste of freedom in the area of design. I finished fifteen minutes earlier than the workshop timing was given, Trevor asked me how I feel about my work, my answer was "Satisfied and not satisfied". Satisfied is that it is my first time doing layout with a bold move; not satisfied is that I want to experiment more.
[FIG 26]
[FIG 27]
[FIG 28]
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[FIG 29]
[FIG 30] [FIG 31]
01, Oct, 2018
I picked "Extra ordinary" as topic is that I can always enjoy all kind of mundane and ordinary things that happen in daily life. For example, rainy days, everyone hates it and I am no exception. However I found it quite interesting to look at the reflection [FIG 32] on the road . I relish the idea of the shops’ signs on the building at night reflected on the damp road, it is like neon lights divergence and as if saying “Good night! But hey! the night isn't over”. In fact, I have took some photos of the humid road at night before, and I enjoy using a closer lens to shoot, though my camera is not fancy at all. However, by doing this project, I challenge myself using macro lens for the first time. I conduct many researches of how to use macro lens and went through many trials. I have borrowed camera and macro lens (Canon 7D MKII Kits, Canon EF 100mm F2.8L Macro IS USM, Canon EF-S 60mm F2.8 Macro Lens) from the art shop in Waverley to make [FIG 29] [FIG 30] [FIG 31] [FIG 33] [FIG 34] [FIG 35] [FIG 36] [FIG 37] some experiment.
[FIG 32]
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[FIG 32]
[FIG 33]
[FIG 34]
[FIG 35]
There are some websites that teach amateur to use macro lens properly. Initially, I found the article "Everything you need to know about macro photography" on the website ‘Photography life’ quite useful for beginners. They listed a few important steps: [FIG 36]
1. Understand macro photography terminology. 2. Pick the right camera and lens equipment. 3. Get enough depth of field. 4. Pick camera and flash settings for a well-lit photo. 5. Focus on the most important part of your subject. 6. Learn the common behaviors of various insects. 7. Compose and take your picture.
According to John Hallmen (2016), regardless of camera, it demands using the proper aperture to capture the image sharpness and depth of field.
[FIG 37]
In fact, by using a small lens, it requires more light, therefore I will need to extend the exposure time or slow the shutter speed to make a correctly exposed photograph. Combining those photographers’ opinions, the importance of macro lens is that to know the relationship between main subject and their background, due to lighting is crucial, as well as it is preferable to focus manually.
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Progect 1 Extra oridinary
[FIG 38]
[FIG 39]
Additionally, I digged up into other well known photography as references, such as Pulizter Prize, because I have been to the exhibition once in Taiwan a couple years ago and it left me a great impression. I realized that photography are not confined to art, it's a way of storytelling. Comparing to news content, pictures are much more appealing than loads of words and this is the power of photography, which I should apply on my project one. As an international student just been here for nearly a month, I had not discovered leisure entertainment, instead, I cooked and had a great time doing so. I can make those food considered ordinary enough, like spring onion, instant noodles, and garlics, into a fancy and savory dishes. Therefore, the ‘extra ordinary’ thing I chose for photography is "food and [FIG 38] [FIG 39] [FIG 40] [FIG 41] [FIG 42] [FIG 43] kitchen". Through macro lens, I found out that everything looked so different than bare eyes as if there is a macro world we never have the chance to visit. Definitely not exaggerating, because even the greasy hob [FIG 34] looked so fabulous . [FIG 40]
[FIG 42]
[FIG 41]
[FIG 43]
Surprisingly, I found out that the macro lens photo I took of a garlic looked like a blushed girl face. The discovery was in relation to Giuseppe Achimboldo’s work, by using fruits and [FIG 44] [FIG 45] flowers to consist his painting .
[FIG 44] 19
[FIG 45]
[FIG 46] [FIG 47]
In addition, I also digged up into photo collage in the [FIG 46] [FIG 47 ][FIG 48] DADA movement , which inspired me and made me think of my childhood that always using imagination on everything, like to play with the food served on the plate then conceive the food has a face or even a character. However, as I growing up, it is getting hard to let imagination runs like before, and that is the reason I chose photo montage as the method to apply on project one, I want to find the wonderful feeling of thinking like a child. DADA, by using nonsense combination, sarcasm and implication to convey the idea of art, or "not art" during the first World War. It is a movement that kept questioning ‘What is art?’. There is a classic example of DADA, which is a urinal, made by Duchamp and was displayed in the exhibition. In fact, there are many artists influenced by the movement such as Max Ernst, who used other objects to [FIG 49] [FIG 50] anthropomorphic in his painting work . He is an graphic artist, painter and the pioneer of DADA and surrealism. By using illogical scenes with photographic precision to his work.
[FIG 49]
[FIG 48]
[FIG 50]
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Progect 1 Extra oridinary
A d d i t i o n a l l y, i n o rd e r t o c o m b i n e photography with graphic design, I was also given advice in the aesthetic of Siegfried Odermatt , a designer from [FIG 51] switzerland . Odermatt’s work began to gain recognition in the world of graphic art towards the end of the 1950s by using close-up photography with layout design.
[FIG 51]
I have been through many experimental stages for photo montage, I realized that the montage could look like either artwork like DADA or just a collage of litter, because the line between them is so vague. Therefore, to make it a fine piece of artwork is vital. I tried to use the original rectangle frame of the photos to made the montage in the initial trials, but failed due to the confined shapes. Then I decided using photoshop [FIG to trim shapes and also adjust the color, brightness and comparison for montage 52] [FIG 53] [FIG 54] . During the process, those pictures of food made me feel a bit homesick that I miss the cuisine my mom made and that is why I added title on my final design ‘My mom made the best dishes’. There is no food in the world as great as my mom cooked.
[FIG 52]
[FIG 53]
[FIG 54]
Unfortunately, though I did many research on project one, the way that the small presentation going was not many peers and I expected to be like, a small exhibition. Instead, we thought we can explain the individual work we did, so I seemed not well prepared and that is why I got some feedback as "the idea of photo montage is cool 21
and innovative, also deep on research, but do not known the behind meaning of doing this". Henceforth, I was given advice to use hand draw typography on layout instead of digital typing, which could made the visual mroe like in a warm feeling. It did actually solved the problem of me struggling of the latout, and came my final work of project [FIG 55] one. [FIG 55]
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The LEAP project has been on weeks and the time is ticking, for there is only three weeks we can generate the visual idea and related activities. In fact, Maria, Nyera and I were in the same group and we developed ideas and shared thoughts, but we decided to come up with three individual visual. We don’t mind if any of us is getting or not getting picked by the clients, instead, we considered it a way to learn. My first thing for doing this project is not analyzing last years’ work, instead, I brainstormed first, for don’t want the previous visual get in my way of inspiration. After having a discussion with group mates, we all came to the consensus that we don’t like the visual of last year and the shape of the bird can be found on FreePik, a website allowing people access to many free images. To be honest, I don’t think a good design should apply any already-made elements on it. Although Linda, our client love the idea of the paper-folding birds and dark background for design and ask for it would be better to keep those ideas, I personally think that design should not confine by any frame, for perhaps a breakthrough of a new visual could work out better. The reason she said that could be she hasn’t has the chance to witness a better idea and have a cognitive bias towards design. LEAP, the creative expo is a job fair aimed at design and art students. Therefore, the style could be bold, like taking a leap towards the unknown future. In fact, I was inspired by Joseph Müller-Brockmann’s poster design in the 1950s [FIG56] [FIG 57] that I can always feel a dynamic movement simply in his graphics. Regarding "Leap" is an action, I appreciate the seem-to-be-moving technique that I want to employed it on the visual. Apart from that, he also adopt dividing simple geometry shapes into complicated visual, which reminds me of optical illusion. As a result, I decided to apply geometry shapes into design. In addition, my design is all around the idea of “abstract”, since the future is so close but we can’t see it clearly enough, all we can do is predict an outline and try to make an effort to achieve some goal.
[FIG 56] 23
[FIG 57]
[FIG 58]
Adapting the NTU color into my design, which makes the event more in relation to the university. However, I added one more colour into it, yellow, hoping that the leap is to leading forward to a brighter future. As for the bird, I didn’t abandon the idea in the design eventually, for I want to challenge the way to design the bird without the restriction of frames or shapes. The solution after many visual experiments was finally came, by using color splash to represent the bird, which means to be creative.
Bird
Client want to keep the bird Using color splash to represent the bird, which means to be creative and not to be confined.
Additionally, not only we have to think of the main visual, but also we have to think of some activities during and before the events, including interior and exterior. It actually wrack our brain out about the activities, due to we are limited by the venue, like projecting visual, which led us to the design without any additional interactive devices. I researched for many ideas online, like an interactive wall decorated by participants using strings to connect keywords they feel related to. It could be a good activity, of course, but I somehow think it is quite cliche, for it has been used in many exhibition.
Speed
Leap to the unknown future, it must need some speed
Geometry
Future, so abstract!
[FIG 58]
C:25 M:87 Y:0 K:0
C:95 M:85 Y:0 K:0
C:2 M:58 Y:100 K:0
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[FIG 59]
[FIG 61]
[FIG 60] [FIG 63]
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[FIG 62]
I want the activity to be innovative, therefore, we came up with some interesting ideas in th e i n t e r i o r, l i ke d e s i g n i n g boxes that participants can play with and also can be a decoration in the venue, as well as using the form of Chinese daily calendar [FIG62] [FIG63] that people can tear a page off to go; however it is not just a normal calendar, it is a calendar with inspiring sentences that intended to let students to be inspired. The date will always be 02, April, 2018, when the creative expo is held, and adding words like “It’s time to get ready for your future”. As for the exterior, the stairs a n d w i n d o w i n f ro n t o f Newton building could also be designed [FIG 61], as well as designing flags placing over there.
Although my design didn’t picked by Linda, I like my final outcome, for it was a leap for me to do such a bold design and I was having a great time solving the problem of the project. Those feedback I got, most of them are positive and people love the calendar idea. However, I got a problem of the color setting that I was designed with RGB, instead of CMYK, which can’t show the bright colors that well when printing. In fact, I tried to convert my design into CMYK, but still lost the intended color I wanted for. On top of that, the previous LEAP also got problem for the color when printing. Good to know that the suggestion I got from discussion with tutor is that there’s also chances to correct it when printing. [FIG 64]
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There are a few reason towards why young people, specifically under age 25, that they don’t fancy classical music. For instance, it could be buying costly tickets to engage in span of time sitting in the stifle concert hall with formal clothing. So, we know the problems lie in and the solutions could be shorten the time playing, or occur in casual way and adding visual elements. Yet according to Graham Strahle (2017), in the Journal of Popular Music Education suggests the views that young adults hold toward classical music are not as malleable as might be imagined. There is an interesting experiment conducted by Lucy Dearn and Stephanie Pitts, according to Graham Strahle (2017), that was entitled "(Un)popular music and young audiences: Exploring the classical chamber music concert from the perspective of young adult listeners". In fact, they invited 40 young people – aged under 25 to attend the music concerts, which performed the works of Beethoven, Schumann and Brahms at Sheffield’s Music. The result was that most of the participants found it hard to resonate to the music emotionally along with the concert experience as a whole, even including those who were studying music at university level. They came to the conclusion that it was concert setting to blame. From their observations , they interpreted that the participants were being distracted by concerning how they should behave and other audience members’ restrained behaviour. However, in my opinion, the rule of in the concert hall is not that hard to follow or pay attention to, it was just as same as taking the lecture, sitting and
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Why is it hard for young people to fall in love with classical music?
listening carefully, while it could be the performance lack of visual or even audio stimulation, or it could be the formal way of attending. On top of that, the reason might related to fashion style with psychology mindset. For instance, nowadays we don’t have the rule or courtesy to dress with tight corset with dress or suit up with knotted ties all the time. Instead, there are many companies allowing their employee to wear casual clothing to work that our fashion has keep developed as time goes by. Thus the idea of wearing formal clothing to a classical concert was deeply-rooted in people’s mind. One could say that it is a “tradition” to dress up to attend those events, then why we abandoned the “tradition” to wear the same clothes as our ancestor did? In fact, the feeling of wearing casual outfits is so relaxing and free. However, on the contrary, people tend to feel much more restrict when dressing formal that could think of going to a serious meeting or attending a funeral, then came the stressful feeling. I came to the hypothesis of whether formal or casual clothing can impact on one’s mood or the way they think, perhaps it might lead me to the idea of dressing formal to classical music event is restrained and stressful, so that young people tend to choose not to embrace any classical music related stuff. Joe Pinsker (2015) quoted from Michael Slepian that “No matter how often you wear formal clothing, if you are wearing formal clothing, then you are likely in a context that's not the intimate, comfortable, and more socially close setting with no dress code”. 28
Perhaps we assume ‘classical music’ is dying in the hands of young people, but what we didn’t think of is that art performing might need to adjusted as the time went by, as the same reason as design, to follow the trend. So for my major project, I should focus more on finding ways that are more relevant to young people; however, I don’t want to do in the form of animation, for it has been prevail over years and that’s the problem I should be solving.
01, Dec, 2018 There must be other reasons out of the concert "rules" that get in the way of the young to like classical music. In fact, whenever we shop online or in store about CD album, we can see all kinds of designs, no matter it is goomy, bold, happy, retrospective; however, when it comes to classical music, usually, all we see is the photo of the musicians, or a peaceful oil painting like landscape and portrait. Denise Burt, who worked in Dacapo Records in Denmark said that although she know nothing about classical music, she did know the outdated design for albums aren’t working anymore. In fact, She made some unpresented visual on classical music album design. Indeed, some of them are quite innovative, still I can tell the design is in the beginning phase of the revolutionary for classical music albums.
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Jexper Holmen, Oort Cloud [FIG 65]
Classical Music Album Desgin: Denise Burt
[FIG 65]
“Oort cloud” refers to our solar system that was abundant with icy mass of objects and the composer depicted the music is like the universe, "doesn’t give a damn about you.", which leads to the inspiration of Burt’s design. I personally don’t like the design, since she did'nt consider how the album is going to display on the shelf w i t h t h o s e h a rd - t o - re c o g n i z e a n d symbol-liked characters. It might leave customers confused that what album are they looking at. However, to think in a different angle, what if the messy, unreadable cover might draw customers’ attention when shopping in the album stores, for its refreshing and creative design for classical music. In fact, according to Tom Huizenga (2015), one critic wrote: “If prizes were awarded on the basis of user unfriendliness, this CD would be in line for a Pulitzer.” , perhaps it is Burt’s intention after all, since she felt happy for that comment.
MA Progect The Combination of Art
Vagn Holmboe, Chamber Music
David Lang, Death Speaks
She was inspired by the image of bacteria that re-shape those into graphic design with different colors. Still, I won’t know those lines are related to bacteria [FIG 67], if not do the research. In fact, those scattered green lines made me think of coniferous that this album could be all around nature music.
[FIG 68]
[FIG 66]
Va g n H o l m b o e d i e d i n 1 9 9 6 , s o it is impossible to talk with the composer about his inspiration or what kind of design he is looking for. However, she managed to learn about his metamorphosis technique of composing, which are mutate and multiply musical “cells”. [FIG 66]
We all don’t know about death, and there are many tells about it. In Burt’s edition, she portrayed it as a friend: “Not an evil person coming to take you away, but someone to embrace and comfort you.” [FIG 68]
Regarding no faces but body language in the image, from the patting on the shoulder, we can only recognize the hand instead of other body parts, which adds more creepy and mysterious vibe in the photo and curiosity draws me want to check out what is death speaks sounds like.
[FIG 69]
[FIG 67]
This is the exact image she found and revised it into her design.
She was inspired by an old photo from the Library of Congress. “The original picture itself is nasty!” she says. “But when you focus in on his hand on her shoulder, he has the most amazingly [ FIG 69] gentle touch.” In my opinion, this photo has many meaning behind it, with those intriguing eyes, smiles and weird body language, which made the vibe quite quirky. 30
Cognitive Biases 01, Dec, 2018 My target audience are young people aged from 18-25 and it is obviously that they already have bias towards classical music. Challenging as it is, I am in that ages group so that I might know what their mindset and probably will be easier for me to do the research. However, before testing my idea, I should figure out what exactly the bias are. In the field of psychology, there are 58 cognitive biases and in fact, those biases are messing up with us everyday. Everyone tend to think that they are rational and logical person; however, the every decision we made could subconsciously impacted by our cognitive biases. There are two out of fifty-eight cognitive biases that are related to my MA project, which are confirmation bias and conformity bias. Confirmation bias is that we tend to listen to the information that confirms to our preconceptions and it is hard to change your mind. For instance, a person doesn’t like classical music at all, and it would be really hard to persuade 31
him to go on a classical music concert with me, no matter how famous the musician is. Conformity bias is that people have a tendency to conform to other people. In this case would be one might not have too many exposure or experiences in classical music, instead, people around him hate it, so one could perceive that “yeah, whatever, I hate it.�. It would be weird that you think different than the crowd, as a result, I always think that loving classical music is a lonely path. I believe that emotion is a great gift for human, for we can feel, we can love. Still, a bad thing at the same time, since we can hate, we can despise and also we can think with biases. On top of that, to do things in a fair and neutral attitude is not an easy thing and we should keep in mind of those biases. To extract yourself out of the biases thinking might help you see more clearly about the whole picture and that is really important when developing problem solving skills and critical thinking.
Synesthesia was first recorded medically in 1812, by Gustav Fechner. Since then, they are more people being reported and approximately there are about 4 people out of one hundred having synaesthesia. Spider man can emit spider web from hand, Jessica Jones have mighty power, these are considered superpower, albeit in different ways; however, if any power I can choose to endow with, definitely synesthesia. I love the idea of seeing colors, for I could see more possibility in inspiration and probably will help a lot for my creative works. [FIG 70]
There is a TED TALK by Annie Dinkinson, she can see color when hearing sound and she talked about what her world is like [FIG 70]. In fact, this specific synesthesia combining visual with audio is called “Chromesthesia”. She didn’t know that she is one of that until her teacher in her undergraduate asked her what color did she think of her own voice when singing. Therefore, over eighteen years, she assumed that everyone were like her, to
MA Progect The Combination of Art
Synesthesia, a perceptual phenomenon that stimulate one sensory or cognitive pathway that leads to the connection to second sensory or cognitive pathway automatically. For instance, one who has synesthesia can see colors when hearing sound.
30, Nov, 2018
Synesthesia
hear sound but also see colors. It is said that people who has synesthesia would more likely to be creative, for some artists can back up the assumption. Yet, the cause of synaesthesia is still not discovered, though it does seem to pass on in families. However, scientists are raising question about whether it can be learnt or not. Therefore, a study carried out by a neuroscientist, Olympia Colizoli, along with her colleagues at the University of Amsterdam, they conduct research and experiments and found out that a cognitive delay known as the Stroop Effect can temporarily impact one to have synesthesia, but only for a couple months. In addition, they also found out that early childhood experiences could also left an impact, for instance, people in the Western world would likely associate ‘M’ with the colour yellow due to McDonald’s golden arches. In this case; however, I perceive that it is not pure synesthesia, but memory left a great impact on us. Everyone has the experience of seeing objects or smelling a scent that made you think of another feeling, or even another sensory and it could be our previous long-term memory that leads us to link two sensory together and it is called emotional memories.
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Wassily Kandinsky The Pythagoreans were probably the first westerners at it when they declared that the eyes are made for astronomy, the ears for harmony, and these are sister sciences. Wa s s i l y K a n d i n s k y ( 1 8 6 6 - 1 9 4 4 ) , a synesthesia person, an artist from Russia and viewed as one of the pioneers in abstract modern art. He arrived at a way of playing on the canvas in the unity of colour and form to create an aesthetic sense that brought out visual, audio, and emotional towards the public. [FIG 71] [FIG 72] [FIG 73]
Additionally, the reason that I conducted research on him is that he highly valued music and believed it could evoke images in audiences’ mind merely through sounds. He had did some experiments that linked colours with poems, film scripts, drama and so on. For instance, during prewar period (1913), he created a book of linked poems and woodcuts called Klänge - “Sounds" and wrote several play scripts, which he titled The Yellow Sound, The Green Sound and Black and White. Thus he employ music associated with different methods, painting is considered his heart of experiment. Even in his abstract period of art works, the idea of music and the 33
MA Progect The Combination of Art
30, Nov, 2018
fondness of Russia, his home country, it is easy to be detected, for the colours and shapes he applied were somehow representative to them. I n f a c t , c o l o u r m e a n t re m a r k a b l y precise to him, like ascribing particular emotional qualities to each shade, and making it a complex ways to group or ungroup the objects on the canvas as well as making those colours balanced with one another. He convinced that there is a bound connection between colour and spirit. Kandinsky suggested that our hearing of colours is so precise. Colour is a means of exerting a direct influence upon the soul. Colour is the keyboard. The eye is the hammer. The soul is the piano with its many strings. The artist is the hand that purposely sets the soul vibrating by means of this or that key. Thus it is clear that the harmony of colours can only be based upon the principle of purposefully touching the human soul (1935). Kandinsky was inspired by Arnold Schoenberg’s work, who was a music composer, writer and also a painter then. Both Kandinsky and Schoenberg have the idea of creating music dramas in which colour would be designed at the same time with the sound and action. And that is way before the invention of modern lighting.
[FIG 71]
[FIG 72]
[FIG 73]
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PHASE TWO
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Workshop Case study Industry interview Project Development
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Where creative ideas came from? I’m always struggling with this question when I see great design work. Inspiration are everywhere, it’s cliche, but true.
In Sara’s workshop, we discussed about what good design is, which are effective, speaks to audience, suitable for audience, innovative works, problem solving and visually pleasing. Those terms are all from our daily life. We observe, then design to make our life better and much more convenient. In my opinion, design is bound to economic. To be specific, if people are happy with the status quo, and live a peaceful and stable life, they will start to pursue beauty in life. In addition, western design are recognized as well developed examples, for the countries are already highly developed dozens of years ago. Due to the education system in Taiwan, usually we are being suppressed and confined, quite different than western. Most of the professors are in my previous generation, in which are when design started to form in Taiwan. They have great aesthetic sense, no doubt, but they don’t value the importance of getting inspired from anywhere and anything. I still remember the time when I was doing my BA show, we were being ridiculously commanded not to go anywhere to relax yourself, but sitting in school’s tiny studio and keep generating ideas and designs, or you will being shamed in front of the whole class and fail your grade. I think those elderly designers in Taiwan mistook the traditional methods of high school students studying day and night in order to get into a good university (we used to go to school for 11 hours and forced to stay after school to study for three more hours on weekdays), but I don’t think that will work well on design thinking. Fortunately, new and young designers and start-up design studios in Taiwan has invited western way of developing ideas and creativity, even having organizations to arouse people’s awareness towards design. Most importantly, 37
they value the process of thinking instead of the outcome is the only thing that matter. And that was my first expose to the true design thinking. In guest workshop by Coley Porter Bell (CPB), they talked about their cases, like the packaging design for Tesco, and showed us how they usually process design thinking. [FIG 74] Before that, I already noticed that the design in Tesco is visually pleasing. Seeing those packaging in the first time, cheap prices never came to my mind until I saw the price tag. [FIG 74]
[FIG 75]
CPB taught us to use mind map and mood board to generate ideas in the workshop for the brand “Boots”. To be honest, it was quite hard for international students to brainstorm about Boots, such as the question “what character represent Boots”, because we really don’t know many British celebrities, but in our home countries. Also, I barely go inside Boots for shopping, so I didn’t have many ideas about it. However, we can use any imaginary to design “the Boots you want it to be and promote”. They said “It can be anything and don’t have to be practical”, I love when we are doing design without any restrictions, but simultaneously, it can also be challenging, since it literally can be anything. We separated into groups and cut out related images that suit for our concept then designed into creative mood board. Paris and me, were the only two MA students left in the workshop and we made a team together. We design Boots as a department store mixed with the idea of IKEA with the feeling like home, hoping customers can relax when shopping in Boots and know the direction for whatever product they are searching for, with sign drawing on the floor clearly. [FIG 75] Generating ideas, there are no right or wrong and every group’s work is unique and interesting that was beyond the reality.[FIG 76] Design is basically based on observation, communication with people, and experiences. In fact, some design are developed by impractical ideas, like my previous design of a cockroach trapper, I used to think of “why not build a castle for them”, like a paper craft. That is how delicious design can be when brainstorming about the topic, instead of jumping into the solution straight ahead.
[FIG 76]
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To engage audiences is part of the aim of my MA project, since I want people to have an open mind towards classical music. Although having some bias towards it, bringing people together that interact with the design might give them a different view of classical music.
[FIG 77 ]
[FIG 78]
[FIG 79]
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For my project, I need to look for ways of demonstrating my ideas to the public in a creative and perhaps, interactive ways, since classical music seems boring and far-fetched for most of the youngs and that’s why we went to the National Gallery of Ireland and Trinity College of Ireland: the Science Gallery for inspirations. The National Gallery is too big to be explored in a afternoon so unfortunately we didn’t have the chance to witness all of the works. However, I was inspired by the oil paintings of Jack B. Yeats and Norah McGuinness.[FIG 77] FIG 78] With its blurred strokes of colors, made it much more interesting for the audience to make their own interpretation, which similar to the classical music. Last phase, I have thought of perhaps geometry shape can be applied on my design, for its simple but also can be interpreted in a complicated way. And those painting with the style of “vague but not too vague” in the Gallery made me think of perhaps I can employ this methods on my final outcome. Stained glass are quite popular in Ireland, from the windows of the pubs to artworks displayed in the National Gallery of Ireland, that I got the chance to look closer in the artpieces. [FIG 79] FIG 80] [FIG 81] Stained glass seems so far away for me, since it usually contains religious meaning like Christian or Catholic that aren't popular in Taiwan. I found the glass was employed by different materials into the color that made it more vibrant.
[FIG 80]
[FIG 81]
In the Science Gallery in Trinity College of Ireland, the “Intimacy” exhibition was holding. Interesting is that, as the advanced of technology and the walls built up between people after growning up, we tend to caring the things of our own and lose personally touch with people. The concept of the exhibition is to engage people having contact in or outside the gallery. The first design displayed after going through the entrance was “PLEASE TOUCH” [FIG 82] with bright red sticker rolls hanging on the wall, attentiondrawing, strong and directly that intrigue me to look further for more design. T h e r e ' s on e i n sta l l a ti on tha t left a deep impression of all, which is a telephone booth, called "Hello Machine". Before I saw the design concept, it was ringing. [FIG 83] Confused as I was ,“There’s a ringing phone in the exhibition and it did not look like a phone for the staffs”, then I picked it up for it didn’t seem to hurt a living. And so my conversation with a total stranger began, an Italian student. The Hello Machines are situated worldwide and if you hear a ringing on the phone, you can pick it up and strike up a conversation with a stranger from different part of the world; or if it doesn’t ring, you can just pick up the phone and it will call automatically to another Hello Machine until you get connected. It is a fascinated design, like a talk-to-stranger website, you can chit chat everything since he or she doesn’t know who you really are, but this time, you get to hear a voice. It reminds me of nowadays young people don’t like to talk on phone due to the advance of the Internet. Instead, we just message with friends and family, to avoid the possible upcoming awkward silence during the phone call and that’s why I haven’t use my phone for calling for a long time. However, it is always nice to know a new friend and to be honest, I feel quite amazing to talk through
[FIG 82]
[FIG 83 ]
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phone actually. It is an old fashion way but a bit nostalgic, just like handwriting letters, it got its own specialness, more intimacy. When doing the “LEAP” project in last phase, we were struggling with the activities for people to engage with the expo. This “Intimacy” exhibition was quite successful in letting the audiences having contact and fun in the gallery. There’s one activities involving two participants to do when in the gallery, to draw one another seated across you, could be your friend or a stranger just happen to come to this exhibition. [FIG 84] It is interesting that one should observe another in order to draw their appearance and usually people don’t look that clearly enough on others details.
[FIG 84]
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To engage audiences is part of the aim of my MA project, since I want people to have an open mind towards classical music. Although having some bias towards it, bringing people together that interact with the design might give them a different view of classical music. In fact, there are many ways to trigger one’s sensory that bring out nostalgia feelings, and one of them is by listening to music. I can still remember that whenever I heard some specific melody, it will trigger memory that the other time I was doing or with someone with this music playing behind. To put it another way, if my design having music playing behind, it might create a new memory for the audiences of seeing my design of the classicals with the new visual. And that, a perception of classical music will be established.
How I learned and inspired from the exhibitions in TATE Modern, on Feburary 2019.
In order to find out ways to engage people with classical music, I went to TATE Modern for inspiration. I found out that most audiences stopped by the artworks if are designed to be interactive. In fact, there’s one section called “Start Display”, which full of simple graphics with saturated colors [FIG 85] and a small definition besides that listed a few questions such as “What is your first reaction to the work?” “ Why does it make you feel or think like that?”. Those questions seem so simple but also, thoughtful and it could also be complex if we gave the artwork some insights. Art pieces don’t have any specific answer, and so is music.
[FIG 85]
I had once signed up for classes about classical music back in my BA degree. The class wasn’t aim for professional participants, but for any student who would love to know more information about classical music. We listened to whatever classical music our professor played on the device, and we discussed about our feeling towards it. Interesting is that, even though the music seems to be delight and cheerful to me, it may be sad, sophisticated for another. It manifested that the feeling towards classical music also goes with the mood you are in as well, for there’s no lyrics, but your mindset and experiences. 42
[FIG 87]
[FIG 86]
I consider that Artist Rooms: Jenny Holzer’s exhibition is the most impressing design that displayed throughout my visit. The installation is unforgettable that requested the audiences to stop for a few minutes to observe the words on the neon, electronic signs.[FIG 86] [FIG 87] The colors are quite eye-catching with the text kept popping up, as if it was saying things out loud. It also showed the power of typography, with different sizes or media, that provided different atmosphere. The first glance for pop art, for me, it’s fresh and delight for the bright, dynamic and saturated colors, and the themes are highly associated with our life. However, if take a second glance, they all look alike and doesn’t seem that meaningful with massive duplicated images or graphics, but all about commercialized artwork, and that is what I think of Jenny’s work as well.
[FIG 88 ]
When the first time entering the room with electronic signs and neon lights, I feel like I was surrounded by the creative ambience. [FIG 88] Nonetheless, if walk around her works, then would find out they mostly exert the same technique that made it plain afterall. Although my opinion towards her works, I found that people usually feel more engage with the artwork that related to their daily life. There’s one room with 12 suspension mirrors, and blue lines taped approximately 130cm height [FIG 89] and was designed by Polish artist Edward Krasiński. With the reflective surroundings, it expands the space and creates illusions that made me 43
[FIG 89]
think of Robert and Trix’s works that exhibited in Nottingham Contemporary last September. The installation consists of simple things in our life, mirrors and tape; however, the artist managed to combine them together that make it interesting. Remembering in last phase, my project one was “Extra Ordinary� and due to that practice, I initiated to notice what thing is special though our life is ordinary. In fact, the inspiration of most great artworks came from our daily life. Classical music is everywhere, like in the movie, in the cafe, but rarely be brought up as an interesting thing, so it could be categorized as ordinary things in our mundane life. To let the audience started to open their mind towards classical music that it can be interesting and enjoyable, my project should combine it with other ideas together with visual and perhaps audio as well, and try to think of the design that can engage people around. 44
"Enhance your own ability, be the best you can be – but don’t keep that for yourself. Share it, expose it, give it and try to enrich other people with what you have managed to achieve." (Benedetti, 2016)
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Nicola Benedetti [FIG 90] is a prominent musician, and the lack of classical music in education system was making her upset. The reasons that classical music was marginalized in school is due to the perception that kids don’t find it fun as well as the government cut of the funds. Therefore, She initiated her funds aiming at children or teenagers, teaching them the way she learned music and hoping they can grasp the meaning or be inspired.
should be made to listen to the classics. It always drives her crazy when people say they don't like that kind of music, but Britney Spears. Due to they also don't like broccoli and would rather have candy, but we still know that broccoli is good for you. In fact, I had encountered the exact situation as she did, but I didn’t manage to reply in such wisdom; instead, I said nothing but went crazy in my mind wondering why people don’t ever get the beauty of the classics.
According to Benedetti (2016), learning music is like having healthy diet and that children are told to eat broccoli, and they
Additionally, Benedetti aruges that surely education is something that should be determined by adults and not by kids?
[FIG 90]
(2016). In fact, when I was four, I was the one begging for my mom “please let me learn piano. I think I have great passion for it.”. However, I think the environment when a person was growing up is also important. Take myself for example, I was grown with classical music even when I was still in my mom’s womb (she played it on devices every day and night, for that classical music is good for baby). In addition, during my growing period, my mom played the classical CDs all the time and that impacted me a lot that when I grew older, I always played it on devices automatically or even asked my parents to take me to classical music related event. Other example, a famous one, the prodigy Mozart, apart from his great talent, no doubt, his father was a musician that he had the resources to get highly exposed to the classics and generate more interest. For me, music can be fun and enjoyable. Henceforth, it also provides a sense of deeper meaning in history and the understanding of humanity. Different period of music has its own background stories, from church and religious choirs to Baroque, Classical, Romance, and contemporary classical music.
Funny is that the visual of classical music, people tend to think them just an old and long time ago entertainment for aristocracy. That made those classical music albums or videos on Youtube all about portraits of the musician (some of them are black and white, serious but creepy), scenery landscape or terribly photoshoped images. I started to wonder can the visual be contemporary, or a bit fun in it? Different from Nicola’s doing, I don’t want to do anything around education, since I want my project close to myself, as a result, my target audiences would be people aged around me, from 20-39. On last phase, I already discovered that the biases for preferences has already built in that age group. So the technique I’m going to apply on my MA project should not be forcing them to accept my opinion towards classical music, but using another way of thinking to tackle. In fact, the broccoli theory was an inspiration. It sounds so ridiculous with the title “Treat classiclas as broccoli”, might be a way to attract audiences’ eyes and hope to open their mind for classical music.
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There are scientific evidences that show the benefits of classical music. In this article, I will reveal the secret of the mighty "Mozart Power". I personally don’t like taking medicines or treatment, for I convince that if possible to use the most natural way to get recover could be the best remedy for our body, such as exercise or healthy diet. In fact, Ulbricht (2014), believes that when it comes to healthcare, she will stick to the “do no harm” motto. Before resorting to pills, she recommends that to first try the least invasive way to feeling your best as possible, like a stress-preventing measure, special diet, or yoga. According to Ulbricht (2014), in Chinese medical theory, the five internal organ and meridian systems are believed to have corresponding musical tones, which are used to encourage healing. In fact, music is usually associated with one’s mood. Different genres of music differ in the types of neurological stimulation they evoke. Despite the fact that classical music has been found with comfort and relaxation, rock music may lead to discomfort. Moreover, classical music 47
has the ability to achieve its therapeutic effects of relieving the pain that it helps one’s brain to reprogram by focusing on the music rather than the physical pain. Besides, researchers in Finland has found scientific proof that classical music can impact one’s particular brain’s gene expression, resulting in positive effects on cognitive function (such as learning and memory) and dopamine production. In addition, it also lower cell activity such as synuclein-alpha (SNCA), which is known to lead to neurodegeneration that it confirms that classical music could offer neuroprotective benefits.
Classical music can also help uncovering hidden emotional responses and stimulate creative insights. To put it simple, it could be another way similar to meditation. Also, it can be used in the classroom to support children in the development of reading and language skills. In addition, there are five conditions that had already proved by scientists, which are autism, depression, dementia, infant development and sleep quality. In fact, my mom used to listen to classical music while she was carrying me, since that there is evidence that classical music played to the womb during pregnancy may lead to children being more responsive to music after birth. Furthermore, soothing music may help newborns be more relaxed and less agitated as well as increasing feeding rates, reducing days to discharge, increasing weight gain. They may also have reduced heart rates and a deeper sleep after music therapy. We are dealing with pressure everyday and we are finding ways to relieve it, such as meditation, exercise and listening to music. Since we are in a fast-paced life and being stressful, no matter family, work, or finance, we might have sleep deprivation due to trouble in mind. In fact, classical music may result in significantly better sleep quality and extend sleep duration, greater sleep efficiency, shorter time needed to fall asleep, less sleep disturbance, and less daytime dysfunction. There are many benefits from listening to classical music mentioned above, but that was not just it. Several studies have shown that classical music can also enhance physical performance, such as making you cycle harder, running faster, boosting endurance, and improved overall motivation about exercise.
There’s a term called the “Mozart Power”, for me, it is rather a magical power. Studies in Germany has shown that driving on national highway when listening Mozart can lower drivers’ aggression. There’s also a saying that it takes less time to complete tests, get more answers right overall, and even more powerful is that it can gradually improve their IQ when listening to Mozart. I think the result of Mozart Power has been exaggerated and the much logical way to interpret this situation is that classical music did assist us to focus more on the task that given and simultaneously eliminate the tension we had, so that it will be easier for people to achieve their aim. There are some benefits with and without e v i d e n c e t h a t i t d e p e n d s o n o n e ’s experiences and experiments afterall. However, we can’t neglect the certain power of classical music. 48
[FIG 91]
Unipapa redesign old, ugly Taiwanese daily necessities into stylish products and emphasize how powerful the influence of design and younger generation can be. When it comes to product design, Unipapa is the company that come to many Taiwanese mind though it was established just for two and a half years. With such short period became a wellknown company, there must be some unique traits of it. In fact, Unipapa is an online business platform and they offers free designs and marketing strategies in trade of being the only selling source. The CEO, Jimi [FIG 91] , who was in the age of 30 when he funded this company, leading the company with only 16 employees, all young people aged between 24 to 36. With product design background, he noticed that there are many good products in Taiwan though the design are quite outdated. Besides, their produce daily necessities that used to be neglected by the public of its improtance in their life due to the old style branding and company images though. He decided to cooperate with them by giving free 49
design and marketing strategies though he was a nobody then and was mistaken as fraud for many times. I asked Jimi where the free design idea came from, for he also know the design industry pretty well that designers being exploited isn’t a news. He said that many people used to ask him for design and inquire for the design price but they are rushing to gain more profits, instead of growing regular customers and even worse, some of them were not so clear about their own marketing direction. When seeing their products [FIG 92], the colors are simple, either black or white and you can barely see the logo that it is hidden in the most remote spot on the product, though you can still tell the product was designed by them by the specific design style. It is obvious that they appreciate the spirits of less is more. In fact, Jimi said that simple style was prosperous since the second industrial revolution. The simple style he wanted is not only just the look of it, but also with the intricate details and new techniques. He said that we all appreciate Muji’s design, which is a worldwide Japanese company [FIG 92]
that sells daily necessities with clean, neat design; however, it is uncommon to see such nice design of daily supplies in Taiwan. As a result, he decided to dedicated in leading Taiwanese good design into public’s life. Jimi said that design is not just for design, that it should be design for the audiences. Additionally, it is important to hand out survey to know the details preferences of the customers as well as the design team has to cooperate with the marketing team to know better of the business they are designing for at the very beginning phase of designing. After the product is produced, to communicate with the customers of the functions and traits with honesty is as well important, so that they can love the product genuinely before and after buying it. In my opinion, designers should also have a sense of marketing strategy, so that we can sell our work out to the public. I love their way of marketing, that they think in creative way that standed out from other competitive companies. Not only did they convey the information of the products but also send a different view towards the customers. For instance, the product that made them famous is a mop that was invented more than 10 years ago in Taiwan and its user-friendly function has been appreciated by the massive users that almost each household has one. However, the visual of the mop is ridiculously ugly, with the colors of purple and green, it is not an eggplant and it also are the only two colors that witches and bad guys in storybooks will have. In addition, if put it at the corner of the accommodation, it is easy to locate it immediately, for the colors are making it stand out in the place with the worst color combination of all times. In fact, the Unipapa’s team redesign it in all white. It’s simple but it’s the color you will never get tired of. Some customers will assume that they just change the colors of the original, but actually they designed it much more
easier to use than before. In addition, hey came up with the advertise of “adverse thinking”, instead of finding a beautiful young model to take a photo along with the mop, they chose the elderly. Dressing them into fashionable style with hand holding the mop and the bucket, conveys the idea of who says that the mop and old person can’t be on trend as well. [FIG 93] The slogan of promoting the mop also puns with the swear words in Taiwanese, making it much more interesting. [FIG 94] There are many young people choosing design as a career but give up after a few years working in the industries in Taiwan due to the design phase just started several years ago and it is still growing that it can be tough if working as a designer in the status quo. However, Jimi said that he wants to let the public to know the power of design and young people can be influential.
[FIG 93]
[FIG 94]
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Survey result and reflection Discovering how my target audiences feel about classical music, I carried out a 10 question survey to find out. Although most answer received about classical music are quite positive, such as it is relaxing, peaceful, intelligent, powerful and atmospheric, it is not their first option when it comes to choosing music to listen to or engage in classical related events and I still get the reaction of twisted face like they are consuming almost inedible food when hearing me going to classical music concert. And that’s why the moment I found a friend in my age, who also love classical music, I was in ecstasy that we found each other, like the last two survivors at the end of the world.
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in the survey and listed checkbox in “it is a courtesy to wear forma l”, “ smart casual” and “I hate dress code and I want to wear whatever I like” and most of the participants still think it is necessary to wear formally though there is a trend in formal occasions to dress smart casual. As for me, I love to dress up due to my daily routine is simple that are just school/work and home and there are not too many chances for me to wear pretty formal outfit.
The weird situation of young people said about their feeling towards classical music doesn’t match with their actions. Likewise, it could be the same phenomenon as the issue of LGBTQ+ that people assert they support it but they doesn’t seem to have an open mind towards it, such as when they heard that one of their friend could be gay and they feel terrified of his friend could fall for him.
T h e A m e r i c a n w e d d i n g c u l t u re h a s a saying about “ something old and something new”. “Something old” symbolizes the bride's relationship and continuity with her family's past, and “ something new ” represents the hope for the future and optimism. The philosophy can be exerted in different occasions nowadays as well, like in my project. In fact, classical music has been for hundreds of years and it has already formed its tradition, like the dress code. Nonetheless, the visual of classical music should be redesigned but should still keep some elements of the traits. Additionally, there are several changes compared to hundreds years ago, like the audiences used to be higher social class and now it has turned to the public , and many concerts are combining new techniques.
Initially, I thought of the reason that keep the youngs away from going to classical music concert is because of the formal dress code. In fact, I asked this question
While I was sending my research, I found a memes online about people whining about the cost of classical music is too high, and one replies “Yeah! and so is
Beonyce’s”. I used to think of the cost might be the reason for young people engage in classical music. However, in the end, it is just purely classical music that isn’t there first choice when it comes to music genre.
The first visual experiment Classical music, the first font that came to me are curve lines and hand scripted, sound so cliche. Indeed, I tried to make it calligraphy in a nice way, still, old school. However, I managed to come up with the idea of aligning all the characters above, which makes it looking [FIG 95] like music note on the sheet. However, my design is supposed to look attractive to the youngs, since classical music has a reputation for being uncool and a thing for old people. So, what is considered cutting-edge typography design is really important to find out.
pink topic placed big enough to fill out the whole poster that in contrast with the smaller black context lied diagonally [FIG 96] [FIG 97] across it. "The public theater 2014 campaign" minimum colors into in black, white and yellow, with tilt font that made it look like "with a speed". In addition, It was about filming, so using frames to cut it into storyboard-like images with italic words as if hearing the dialogue being shouted [FIG 98] [FIG 99] out.
[FIG 96]
[FIG 97]
[FIG 95]
Case Study Analyzing all Pentagram’s work, it is obviously that the design trend has been changing years by years. The works recently has become more and more bolder with big, fat typography. For instance, in project “Shakespeare in the park 2015”, we all know Shakespeare’s w o r k s a re c o n s i d e re d i m p o r t a n t i n literature, so it gives us a feeling of seriousness. However, the design made it quite vibrant and challenging with the hot
[FIG 98]
[FIG 99] 52
To start with my visual developing, designing the logo of classical music was the first step, for logo is the initial connection to the audiences. In fact, g o o d l o g o c o u l d t e l l i t s o w n s t o r y. According to Rand (1956), A logo derives meaning from the quality of the thing it symbolizes, not the other way around. [FIG 100] [FIG 101]
[FIG 100]
[FIG 101]
Paul Rand plays a vital role in design field and some of his works are considered classic, since he pushed the boundaries of graphic design and brought out new creative ways of design. However, I have only heard of his works of logos and some posters, but advertise, which the style of it was quite different than his other works. It is said that he also played a vital role in setting the pattern for future approaches to the advertising concept, regarding his ads design are fused into a symbol though [FIG it was consisted of words and pictures. 102] By combining images with handwriting, it makes the ads quite unique and stands out from others, which was printed and digitized. In fact, it reminds me of DADA picture collage, with a bit humor inside the work and I looked up into the timing of both and it matches.
I am impressive what Paul Rand had achieved in the design field that pushed the boundaries and I don’t deny his influences. His works are easy to recognize and was highly appreciated; however, those design seems to be a bit old school nowadays. Of course, the trend has changed. In fact, the logos was changing in 10 years of Google and Facebook. It is obviously to see that fat, round and sans serif font are in the current trend. Interesting is that, if we look at the compared images of ten years and now, we would spot the difference immediately, though we used to neglect the small changes year by year. Fat, Round and Sans Serif “Jazz at Lincoln Center” by Pentagram [FIG 103] , the first thing that caught my attention is the circular with an empty square placed in the middle, which has also become its icon and was highly used on associated design. It looks like a disc, or a music note; however, if take a double look, it sort of like Chinese ancient coins, and that made the symbol weird for me after since. I believe it is a trend now to desgin in round shape, no matter the pattern or the typeface, and that could be the reason of Jazz at Lincoln Center choosing it for design, to convey the idea of “unlike other perfor mances, we are much more
[FIG 103]
[FIG 102] 53
interesting and contemporary, as the visual you see”. Art was derived from history and culture though sometimes it could be hard to comprehend, and classical music and fine art are great examples. However, Many museums has already changed their branding into much modern design, and perhaps adding interesting or unpresented elements in it. For instance "Museum of Art [FIG 104] [FIG 105] [FIG 106] and Design" , the typography was shaped into geometry shape but we can still somehow tell the alphabet. The visual was full of fun and colors, making art and design easier for the public of all ages to approach. Additionally, big, fat, and perhaps almost unrecognizable font, was trending again and in my opinion, it quite looks similar to Bauhaus. I think it’s worth to try this technique in classical music’s visual design, for the cover or visual of classical music still design with serious layout or painting, making it sophisticated after all. Despite in recent years, the design of classical music has changed with the current trend though it still can’t get out the typical impression.“Detroit Symphony Orchestra” by Pentagram [FIG 107] [FIG 108] years ago , was an example with its typical and serious design though it looks nice and elegant.
[FIG 104]
[FIG 105]
[FIG 106]
[FIG 107]
[FIG 108] 54
Fat, Round and Sans Serif: Experiment With above researches, then came my design of choosing Horatio D as font. With round font, giving it an approachable and playful feeling and I hope using this methodology could arouse the interest of my audiences. Avoiding all the “typical” type of design for classical music, such as serif font, serious-looked font and layout, I want to create a brand new image for classical music. In fact, I had tried different composition and also using the previous idea of aligning all the character above.
[FIG 110]
By filling the C and M, to made them graphic-liked.[FIG 109] I was inspired by i-D [FIG 110] [FIG 111] magazine , so I tried playing with images and typography in a fun [FIG 112] [FIG 113] design. I believe that fluorescent colors are symbols of the youngs, for its full of dynamic feeling. However, I feel that this design might not be the outcome I’m expecting. In addition, I have tested on my audiences and they suggested that the C actually looks like an opposite D and the logo still looks somehow quite serious though the layout visual aren’t and they quite like the way that I turned the visual in such fun.
[FIG 109]
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[FIG 112]
[FIG 113]
[FIG 111]
Modifying last one, by the same principle to make it into graphic shapes, I filled the “a” and “i” that consist in the Classical Music with circles, and extract them out for new [FIG 114] visual development. In recent years, simplified graphics are quite popular, as a result, these circles on my logo are making it contemporarylooking and interesting. The response I got from audiences have divided into two group, one is the design is so cute and modernized and the other is they don’t havel the connection to classical music.
(new technology applied on the costume, such as laser cutting, and new story line added in that period). I tried the composition with the font ,Times New Roman, looking neat and clean, but [FIG 116] [FIG 117] found it too seriously. I want the design to be something out of frame and stereotype, even probably hasn’t been existed yet on classical music's.
[FIG 115]
[FIG 116]
[FIG 114]
Serif Experiment Inspired by the movie, "The Favorite", [FIG an alternative historical movie. 115] I have noticed that not only the background music is terrific, that the beats went with the action really well, but also the way the text showed on the screen, serif font all with big space between. In fact, serif font are quite an old typography, which gives us a sense of sophisticated and historical feeling. However, in recent design, the space between characters are usually wider, which they applied on the movie that made it a mixture of something old (some of the costume’s traits, and culture back then) and something new
[FIG 117]
As a result, I did more experiment on serif, hoping make it looks on trend but also related to classical music. I took Classic FM as inspiration, for the red F looking like the shape of the music note, and also with different order and color that strikes it out. [FIG 118]
[FIG 118] 56
In fact, I chose Didot, for its graceness. When I was trying to combine “C” for classical and “M” for Music together, I found the connection to link those two characters, which [FIG 119] is a flowing stroke. The stroke can represent the gesture of the conductor, but it also can be interpreted as the music flow.
[FIG 119]
Due to music and paintings are both art and derived from culture and history, I came up with an idea of combining the period of classical music and art painting movements. In fact, I gave music colors by the period of the paintings from medieval times, when classical music was formed, to the modern times of paintings, when it was romantic in classical music. Colors are bound with psychology, different colors provide different sense of feeling.
of orange and brown for the feeling of old school but stable. In addition, I also tried to develop more pattern from the logo, which is the ability I am lack of. However this time, I got plenty of times to experiment and I really want to push my boundaries and also tried optical illusions.
In the end, I chose a color in between red and orange for the stroke, for that I love the passion of red and the neutral
122]
[FIG 120]
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[FIG 120]
Exerting the same technology that logo plays with the images of musicians, I [FIG 121] experimented a series of new visual , [FIG which receieved quite well on MA day.
Visual Experiment
[FIG 121]
[FIG 122] 58
Typography layout Experiment In fact, on MA day, the response of testing the audience went quite well but there are also some feedback about why not try using alive musicians or even female musicians. Besides, I reflected on my design that perhaps I could explore more methodologies to reverse the typical thinking and change the way people treated classical music. To design visual just with the font, I research about Futura poster, Paul Renner and Brockmann’s work and so on, then [FIG 123] [FIG 124] [FIG mimic its layout with grid. 125] [FIG 126] [FIG 127] [FIG 128]
[FIG 123] [FIG 124] [FIG 125] [FIG 126] [FIG 127] [FIG 128]
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This version of design was quite elegant and nice, looking like the design that would appear in music concert hall but still in the frame of “typical” classical [FIG 129] [FIG 130] music.
Visual Experiment [FIG 129] [FIG 130]
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Risograph, silk screen printing In order to destroy the “typical” visual, I was inspired by destructive style and [FIG 131] [FIG 132] [FIG 133] [FIG 134] [FIG 135] risograph [FIG 136] , which is quite a popular trend [FIG nowadays and I experimented it as well. 137] [FIG 138]
With striking colors and new techniques on classical music, such as making the text blurred, or ugly handwriting style then added title like "this is not the classical music poster you are expecting". However, the style did make a big leap than the usual classical poster though it turned out be too far away from classical
[FIG 131] [FIG 132] [FIG 133] [FIG 134] [FIG 135] [FIG 136]
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music. The feedback I received was much to my expectation, they didn’t feel associated with classical music at all. To design in between classical music but somehow not too classical was putting me in a dilemma.
Visual Experiment [FIG 137] [FIG 138]
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Could packaging be my fianl outcome? While doing visual development, I started to question what will be my final outcome though I used to do a film that combine graphics and footage. Nicola Benedetti made a link between healthy diet and classical music, as a result I research about healthy food packaging, since that what I’m doing is to repackaging the image of classical music. However, most of the healthy related design are associated with transparent packaging that it create a feeling of nature and organic, so the space that I can exert my design on is quite narrow eventually. In fact, as I mentioned, many healthy food packaging were designed in the [FIG 139] same style. Well & Truly , the healthy snacks brand noticed the trend and decided to go a different path. They applied colorful, vivid but simple hand-drew on and I think it works pretty well that the design is fresh but also associated with the ingredients. This is what I would want my final outcome be, to challenge the current trend and create a different feeling of classical music.
in the movie “The After math”, the piano piece clair de lune by Debussy dismantled the wall between the two characters, a German girl and an English woman, right after the Second World War. Whenever we hear a certain melody, we would think of a certain memory. Music has the ability of triggering memory. In fact, anything connected to one’s senses many be a cue that ignite emotional recall. I want my final outcome to be like an exhibition, with a series of music posters and a short film with classical music. If possible, the audiences will recall the memory of seeing this exhibition when hearing the pieces somewhere else someday. New logo & Bauhaus experiment I decided to experiment more on the visual, for feeling unsatisfied for the previous design. I kept the nice traits of the previous one and eliminate the flaws. I managed to combine fat, round [FIG 140] font with flowing ribbon (it was a flowing stroke before), for I consider no more serif typography, it will make the design look elegant, or old.
[FIG 139] [FIG 140]
How audio engage with people? In the music related movie, " Green Book", music eliminated the grudge and racial discrimination between people, even in the times of segregation. Also, 63
Bauhaus is in their 100 years anniversary on this year, 2019, and people are talking about it worldwide. The visual for 100 [FIG 141] [FIG 142] [FIG 143] years anniversary has the traits of Bauhaus, of course, and also blend in current trend into the design. In fact, many design works exert the spirit of
Bauhaus with new current visual together in order to show respect to this great period. Bauhaus was established in the 19 century in Germany that that were concerning for the soulness of modern manufacturing and fear about art loss of social relevance. They reunited fine art and functional design. The spirit of Bauhaus is the minimal geometry design with sans serif, and that is similar to my previous research of current trend with big, fat font. As a result, I decided to try it on classical music.
Visual Experiment
[FIG 144]
The visual contains many squares that making it looks serious. The colors and layout composition are quite retrospective, [FIG 144] and it is not what I was looking for.
[FIG 145] [FIG 146] [FIG 147]
[FIG 145]
[FIG 141]
[FIG 146]
[FIG 142]
[FIG 143] [FIG 147] 64
interesting plotting.
Humor in My Design In Trevor’s workshop about generating ideas, I learned about the importance of thinking creatively and indirectly , instead of jump straight ahead to the solution. He showed us that some great ideas started out as a joke , reverse thinking or even random association . According to Ogilvy (1955), the best ideas come as jokes. Make your thinking as funny as possible. While I was researching, I saw classical [FIG 148] [FIG 149] music memes online. Art is usually a serious subject that if the person doesn’t have any background, and might feel it quite boring. So what if adding humor in it? Like many marketing strategy that use humorous advertise to appeal customers, not only can achieve the message, but also can also leave a deep impression in their mind. In fact, I can still vividly remember the ebay advertise when I was only 7 with the
Humor is also a great element to use in presentation, for it’s a formal and audience engaging occasion. Additionally, we live in an information easily attained and media bombarded society that I believe only creativity and humor can stand out among them . In fact, the specific terms for classical music note are quite sophisticated and perhaps origin in other language that only people who plays music instrument will know. As a result, I could use pun to raise audiences attention towards classical music, also the information is educative. Besides, I found that Google also plays classical music with humor. If type in Liszt or Tchaikovsky in google translate and choose translating Latin to English, it will show up Brahms or Schubert, though it might take time for people to discover this little hidden secret. Humor in My Design: Experiment
[FIG 148]
I went to Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra in Nottingham Royal Concert Hall on 7 March, 2019. Due to I sat on the third row faced the orchestra and can have a closer look at the music instruments, and it never occured to me that going to a concert can generate new visual ideas. The violin family look quite similar but [FIG 150] obvious in different sizes , which also became one of my inspiration that to scroll bigger of the violin, like we do on our smart phone when to make the image [FIG 151] bigger, into viola.
[FIG 149]
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In fact, the shape looks like a woman’s figure, with beautiful curves that I think of the relationship between healthy messages and classical music, which was inspired by Nicola, that many women struggling with their body figure to be "Perfect" as the media promoted. It is a
serious healthy message that in many years, many women aren’t satisfied with their weight under social pressure and lead to anorexia. Each of the violin family (violin, viola, cello and double bass) can all create beautiful melody with their different sizes, and so is the figures of women, that they are all beautiful in their own way. [FIG 152] [FIG 153] Visual Experiment [FIG 150]
[FIG 151]
[FIG 152]
[FIG 153]
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PHASE THREE Case study Project Development
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My project direction has always been clear that it will be something about classical music. However, the solution hasn’t been found yet at the end of phase two. To change the audiences' taste of music is tough, since the preferences has been there and I’m not trying to convert it either. My aim is to let them feel that classical music can be fun and interesting. When I was in Dresden, Germany, in April, my friend recommended me to go to Dresden Museum of Technology and Industry. When I first heard of it, it didn’t raise my curiosity at all, for the presumption of the terms "science" and "technology" are dull and it's something really beyond my knowledge; however, I looked into the exhibited artworks, there are some installations related to music by using the concept of some music instruments.
designed work, and that might attract my audiences. During my staying in Europe, I also went to Prague and had been to a few exhibitions. In fact, Museum of Senses had left a deep impression to me, which the artworks are related to illusion by using mirrors and lights to create [FIG 154] kaleidoscope-liked scene . It also explains the scientific principles and the reasons behind the design, educative and playful at the same time. It never occured to me that science can be fun and didn’t require my patience towards it. And that, is the exact feeling I want my audiences to have after seeing my project. [FIG 154]
I think I soon jumped into the conclusion of things related to science and technology are boring , which is similar to the idea of non-classical music lover’s perception towards classical music. After finishing all the exhibition in the museum, I surprisingly found out it was actually quite interesting . Mostly because it requires interaction with the installation, or like the works are redesigned it into an appealing way of work. The idea could be apply on my classical music project, to redesign, or rebrand them into a different, but well68
Solution for my project I had came to the solution for letting younger generation to have an open mind towards classical music, which is through 5 of the most well-known composers stories . Those five are Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin and Liszt. Since we are attracted by stories, gossip, and love to know about fun facts, which all contains entertainment and story plotting, my outcome will be a series of visual with an interesting headline, and much detailed stories will be shown on whatever the media is, could be in a format of printed or digital zine or even others, which was yet exploring.
The first visual experiment in phase 3 Different designers have different ways of exploring inspiration. For me, is to research and design at the same time that I really need to stimulate my visual in order to gain more ideas. Therefore, I applied the method of destructive style that I had explored in phase 2, due to the campaign is to dismantle the typical impression of classical music. 69
I combined hand draw with music sheet, using black, white and orange, making it popping out and in a bold design style. [FIG 155] [FIG 156] [FIG 157] However, the feedback I got was like "Is it Halloween?" or "Looks bold but… umm the whole thing is weird".
Fun facts exploring I researched many information about the composers, which includes life stories from childhood to adulthood. In fact, I found a few interesting stories of each composers. For instance, according to Tomita (1997), Bach composed a few pieces to help the former Russian envoy to overcome insomnia, such as the “ Goldberg Variation ”, so this is probably why people feel sleepy when hearing some of Bach’s music; Masiello (2016), With Mozart every joy is laced with sorrow and every sorrow with the hope of joy; Solomon (2019), Mozart was known as an eternal child . These fun facts might draw audiences’ attention, but the headline must be brief and interesting at the same time.
[FIG 155]
[FIG 156]
[FIG 157]
Visual experiment I applied the red (C:45, M:99, Y:99, K:15), which I had developed in phase 2, into the [FIG 158] [FIG 159] [FIG 160] visual poster design of Bach. Mozart is famous for being a music prodigy, but little do we know that so were Beethoven, Chopin, and Liszt. However, it might seems that all the famous composers were music prodigies, which Bach wasn’t. My inspiration came from being a prodigy can be a label and easy target that people recognise and talk about for gossip.
[FIG 158]
[FIG 159]
[FIG 160]
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[FIG 161] [FIG 162]
There are many “can’t sleep” in the background , due to when one can’t fall asleep, they might keep thinking about “why can’t I sleep?”. In fact, Bach is the solution to sleep deprivation, and just simply listen to his music and you will sleep like [FIG 161] a baby. I designed in the shape of the pills, which represent Bach can be a way [FIG 162] for you to fall asleep. The bombarded shape is like when the idea hits you, which in this case is Bach can end your insomnia.
[FIG 161]
However, the red series visual still look serious and should explore more in order to make the project vivid and playful. Also, designing the visual of different composers, it is important that to design them in coherent to each other.
94% for adults under 35 and 96% for adults under 25 in 2015/16. In fact, 90% of students in university read at least one magazine monthly, and chances are that they might visit the websites shown in magazines, as well as using those printed offers and promotions.
I was thinking to make a series of visual posters along with a zine at first; however, before jumping into the decision of media, I researched for the young generation's habit of reading magazine. Since the uprising of digital media, I was wondering do people still read magazine?
Moreover, Howe (2017) suggested that there are 92% of university students prefer reading printed material than digital material. In fact, if the cost of the print and digital copy of were the same, it is said that 80% would pick the paper version.
Do people still read magazine? According to Edelshain (2017), he stated that 91% of American adults still read magazine, and the number increases to 71
[FIG 162]
Another result from Robb (2015), he mentioned that although the popularity of e-books in certain contexts, they remain controversial. In fact, many people are not a big fan of liking them, the reasons are that it might run out of battery, hurting their eyes, or can't work in the bath.
Riso experiment Influenced by the indie zines exhibited in Nottingham Contemporary, by using different format, like in A5 or A6, ways of binding and printing techniques, such as Risograph, which gives us a fresh, vibrant feeling and were welcomed by the younger generation. As a result, I was thinking a printed zine, with more details of the fun facts of the composers along with the visual posters of the headlines, all being printed in Risograph. [FIG 163]
In school’s Riso printer, there's only a few colors, so I will need to design within the selected ink. By using blue and many “z”, which symbolize sleeping, into movement like wave, conveying the message that listening to Bach can soothe one’s mind and put into sleep.
[FIG 163]
[FIG 164]
I experimented with the destructive style in Riso, though the result didn’t meet my expectation. There are way too many text happening in the visual and make people feel smothering. [FIG 165]
I kept looking at the Riso color testing paper provided by the technician, in order to find out the best combination for Bach, which in the end I chose green and fluorescent pink.
[FIG 164]
I used to think of finding a common of the five composers to create a visual. Surprising that all their moms’ name happened to be Maria . As a result, I placed the names of the composers in the round shape of the [FIG 166] [FIG 167] [FIG 168] "Maria" , suggesting that they all came from the wombs of Maria ( and of course different Maria). The round shapes are the cell of the baby. However, I double checked the coincidence and found out I mistook Chopin’s that his mom was called [FIG 168] Justyna . I took this version for Riso print and it turned out to be my favorite. I guess the color blue and fluroscent pink will always be the best combination. *Inevitably have color differnece showing here, due to this supposed to print in Riso* >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
[FIG 165]
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[FIG 166]
[FIG 167]
[FIG 168] *printed in Riso
*Inevitably have color differnece showing here, due to this supposed to print in Riso*
I was struggling with Chopin’s for quite a while, since he seems to have a much stable life than others. However, the audiences usually knew how Bach, Mozart and Beethoven look like, but not Chopin. In fact, he was famous for being romantic and sentimental that there must be many dramas happening in his head. [FIG169] [FI
Inspiring from the Push Pin Studio G170] , I experimented with the illustration style with many shapes overlaid on his [FIG 171] head. However, it turned out not in consistent with my other design. Therefore, I played with the message that "Chopin was buried in Paris; while [FIG 172] [FI G173] his heart was in Warsaw". I drew the outline of France and Poland [FIG 173] and designed with it. I quite like this layout though it didn’t have a saturated background like others, which doesn’t seem to be coherent. When I was designing Mozart's, I started to feel like running out of color, for hoping there won’t be same color 73
combination in my campaign. Therefore, I used black and fluorescent orange along with the playful design to fit the [FIG 174] [FI profile of eternal child and joyful. G 175]
I printed the black background version in Riso, I personally quite like it, due to the orange can strike out by the dark, though the audiences feel like it’s too heavy for joyful feeling. As a result, I [FIG changed it into blue as blackground. 176]
[FIG 169]
[FIG 170]
[FIG 172]
[FIG 174]
[FIG 171]
[FIG 173] *Printed in Riso
[FIG 175] *printed in Riso
[FIG 176] 74
Beethoven was the one who got many ups and downs in his life, that I used to think that it might be easier for me to create a headline and a concise paragraph of his, then it turned out to be the hardest of all. Finally, I came with the title: "Beethoven was born with music instrument in his head", for he kept composing in a striking speed even when he was deaf. I played with the shapes of the paino and the cello, along with the [FIG 177] [FIG 178] typographic layout. However, I felt like the color palette should be much intense, just as his life was.
The conclusion of the experiemnt is that either be solid, saturated background or in white background.
*Inevitably have color differnece showing here, due to the posters supposed to print in Riso*
Liszt’s visual was the most welcome [FIG 179] among the four Riso print . The audiences really like the orange with green togehter. However, there might be a problem with the title "the greatest showman in 19 century”, which might m i s l e a d t h e a u d i e n c e t o d i ff e re n t person instead of Liszt. In addition, the same problem as Chopin’s, that I’ll need to chose to have a saturated color as background or plain white for all composers' to let the visual in consistent. Never knew its difficulties until actually did it. Riso print is not just about the costly price, but also it is time-consuming and the fluorescent colors can’t be shown on computer screen, so when thinking of the color scheme, I’ll need to image how it will turn out. The experiment of four Riso posters with 10 masters, it took me over three hours to complete, due to having to wait for the ink to dry and then make a new master in order to print another color. As well as different colors will require to change the ink in the printer and needed the technician to do the change work, due to the ink is jumbo as a missile and have to be careful breaking it. Fortunately, the experiment turned up great with my typographic [FIG 180] [FIG 181] [FIG 182] [FIG 183] design ; however, the layout may need to amend to make the posters look coherent to each other as a series. 75
[FIG 177]
[FIG 178]
[FIG 179] *printed in Riso
[FIG 182]
[FIG 180]
[FIG 181]
[FIG 183] 76
Outcome will be… While doing Riso, I also tried with a little bit animation. I was so determined not to do motion graphic initially, since it has been done already many times; however, whenever I look at my design, I can’t help but think of the text or the graphics moving with the music flow. As well as my friends, they all suggested that the still images of classical music is too abstract to understand, but if design in animation, they might resonate with my work. Additionally, I have tried to design as many as possible of the still images of classical music, but they didn’t convince me, not to mention the audiences. Maybe this is the time to try a bit animation to see how it will go, then I can decide which path for my final result.
[FIG 184]
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I started with the previous Chopin’s visual for animation, by changing colors [FIG of France and Poland in a fast speed. 184] [FIG 185] It’s just a simple movement, but received quite well by the audiences, I got feedback like "I don’t really like classical music, except it’s moving and shaking the dull feeling of classical music away." As a result, I came to the decision of my final outcome, which will be a series of composer’s posters along with animation . However, here came the problem of what is the call to action for audiences?
[FIG 185]
Call to action Flipping through Instagram, I've always be attracted by the animated ads, that I tend to feel it is an interaction, and much higher chances are that I will click to know more about it. Therefore, the classical music campaign will have a business Instagram account and make ads for more exposing. [FIG 186]
There’s an Instagram account I followed about fun facts with great illustration, which is called "Incrediville", that it feeds the audiences one post in every other day and gradually inform us about [FIG 186] [FIG 187] [FIG 188] random knowledge. It also provides us a topic to strike up a conversation with a friend. As a result, the animation I made will be put on Instagram posts and with much more details of the fun facts below, of course, within a concise paragraph. The audience will spot the animation first, and feel interested, hopefully, then look at the description below. The process is as normal as their every day routine scrolling smartphone, though subconsciously they will get the information of classical music at the same time.
[FIG 187]
[FIG 188]
Animation, is it hard? I’ve learned a bit Adobe After effect before, but haven’t touch the program for two years. Program skills are tricky that might be forgotten when haven’t use it for a while. For the animation, I used Adobe Illastration, After Effect along with Premiere. To do animation is quite a challenge, for have to design the layout first in Illastration, then go to After effect wrecking my brain to figure out how am I going to let those graphics or text moving around nicely with the music.
However, that’s not just it, the next step is to place the animation clips into Premiere to edit them together as well as adding audio effect. If something is wrong in any second, I might have to go back to the first program and then the other two all over again.
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Visual design for animation (in Illastration)
All composers’ animation will contain two main visuals, one with the headline, then the brief information for the other. The visual of Bach was nearly settled [FIG 165] before deciding to do animation , though I figured that should try more colors other than Riso's, since it will be shown on digital screen. Therefore, I exerted pink and light purple in the first [FIG 189] visual then the following second [FIG 190] visual will be light blue and purple .
I decided to try more visual of Mozart, so it came with the combination of fluorescent green, bright orange along [FIG 191] with black stroke and shapes . It’s definitely considered a bold design, though the audiences weren’t convinced by the big fat dots. Therefore I resort to [FIG 176] the last visual I designed . As for [FIG 192] the second one , I applied a stroke running in circle next to the text to show [FIG 193] the reading order.
[FIG 189] [FIG 190]
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[FIG 191]
[FIG 192]
[FIG 193]
80
The first visual appears in Beethoven’s was the intense color combination with [FIG 194] navy blue and orange , while the second visual I added neon on the figure [FIG 195] 115, as emphasizing it . Chopins’ visual has changed a lot compared to the first version. In order to go with the music, which sounds like wave moving in a slow-paced, I used blue for the background alone with the [FIG 196] typographic looking like waves.
The second one will have the stroke of the waves suggesting Chopin’s heart was [FIG 197] sent from Paris to Warsaw. The visual of Liszt was so close to [FIG complete since last design progress 198] , by using many spotlight to represent [FIG 199] he was such a showman.
[FIG 194] [FIG 195]
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[FIG 196]
[FIG 197]
[FIG 198]
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[FIG 199]
Animation process My first attempt to do animation was just around 5 second for each composer; however, I played with the effect too much (like over-spinning) and lost the legibility of the message I was trying to convey. I found out that to let the visual elements animated with the music is quite hard. In fact, the songs I chose for each composer will have to fit the profile of well-known to the public and matching with the visual design as well. I chose Cello suit No.1 in G for Bach, with the slow, smoothing, and the relaxing feeling that can help you sleep like a baby; Eine Kline Nachtmusik, K525: I. Allegro for Mozart, with the joyful and playful melody along with the visual, suitable for the eternal kid’s reputation; No.5 Symphony for Beethoven, coordinate with his dramatic and intense life, which the visual is in contrast and saturated colors combination; Nocturne No.2 for Chopin, with the romantic and nostalgic ambience of the piano 83
piece; and Hungarian Rhapsody No.2 for Liszt, also happens to be in the famous cartoon, Tom and Jerry. The second attempt was around 2 minutes animation in total with 5 composers and a beginning altogether. Although the composers’ clips will be put on Instagram in separate posts, I still need to let the audiences who come to MA show knowing what the campaign is about. Therefore, I decided to make all clips together as well as to create a beginning. It will start with the campaign [FIG 200], logo just like most of the movies started, next will be the typographic [FIG 201] layout I had developed in phase 2 , [FIG then appears names of the composers 202] which will be shown in the following animation, and most importantly for the beginning clip, I'll convey the idea that "classical music is not boring. It can be interesting".
[FIG 200]
[FIG 201]
[FIG 202]
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The visual of the message was deliberately designed in outdated style, for mocking people saying that classical music is "old" but it can still be interesting. [FIG 203] [FIG 204] [FIG 205] [FIG 206] 85
[FIG 206]
In addition, I convince that not only graphic design should be on current trend, but also classical music should apply new technique as well. As a result, I played with the windows message, and by means of it to communicate with the audiences.
[FIG 205]
The third attempt, I had made it much smoother by the windows error transition. Since the campaign is all about digital media, and classical music usually don’t have something interesting and creative in any kind of visual form, no matter printed or digital, so I played with the windows message idea.
[FIG 204]
The second attempt was the time that I finally can see a bit shape of my final outcome (It has been for ming and changing since the beginning of phase 2). I showed it on post-it-note day, which were well received by the audiences. They loved the color combination and it’s attention grabbing. Still, some of the small details need to be amend, such as the transition in between different clips.
[FIG 203]
Choosing Etude in A minor by Chopin for the beginning, starts with peaceful, slow-paced melody that might leave an impression of this is a Largo, and the whole piece will just go like this, also making people feel a bit sleepy , like the perception of the audience towards classical music. Then suddenly, it alters into an intense and fast speed of Prestissimo that might shock you without any preparation, thinking that " this is not what I expected it to be", just like me breaking the typical perspective of classical music.
Printed poster for promoting? The initial idea was to create a zine of the composers’ fun fact along with a series of posters, then I changed the zine into animation and didn’t think whether should keep the idea of posters or not. As a result, after designing the visual of the video (fit the size of MAC: 1920 x 1080px), I changed the layout into A3 poster size, then thinking what kind of printing technique should I exert. I had experimented with Risograph, and the outcome turned out great and eye-catching; however, considering my outcome will mostly be on screen, is it necessary to print in Riso? Also, not only time and cost may be a lot, but the fluorescent colors can’t be shown on the screen and there will be a problem that the colors don’t match with the
printed posters. Therefore, the purpose of doing in Riso is not absolute and I decided to stick with digital printing. However, worrying about the color in digital printing whether it will be similar as the screen shown to the audiences [FIG 205] or not , it came to me that the campaign is all about digital , why bothering so much with printing? In addition, I have noticed that there are more and more digital commercial screen at the bus station, vending machine or even having projector in the tube station, which is a good means for my project to get exposed and promoted. Therefore, the conclusion will be no poster needed, but the animation and mock up of the ads and social meida.
[FIG 207]
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This year studying postgraduate in NTU is like an adventure, not only did I learn a lot in the process of designing and pushing my boundaries, but also get inspired from peers. There are many excellent designers and illustrators in the class, that it became peer pressure, but in a good way, which forced me to improve and learn from them. I h a v e n ’t h a d a j o b a s a f u l l - t i m e designer before, but only undertook s e v e r a l i n t er nships and cases as a freelancer. Considering myself with a few experiences, compared to other sameaged designers; however, when looking at the famous designers’ work, it always occur to me that I still need to practice and learn more in my professional field. For my future plans, I’d like to work under a graphic design agency in Taiwan for at least 3 years, in order to learn more about the process of designing, as well as the skills of communicating with clients and partners. And that will form the knowledge and experience for me to run my own design studio in the further future. Due to the popularity of social media, I had already created a Behance and Instagram account for displaying my [FIG 206] [FIG 207] [FIG 208] own work . I get a few feedback from time to time, which is a way to interact with other designers in 87
the world, thanks to the advanced of technology. I consider that it is important to let the public to see your works and promote your skills, which social media is a good means to demonstrate. My first thing to do after the MA show finished is to update my work on social media, as well as designing portfolio for my first job after graduate. The future is unknown, but I hope to exert the skills and knowledge I’ve developed on the upcoming challenges.
[FIG 206]
[FIG 207]
[FIG 208]
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Phase 1
MANY REFERENCES
The Log-O-Rithmic slide rule: A Retrospective Gabrielle Schaad. 2012, Domus Reactivating a manifesto [online]. Dumus, 30 March. Available at: https://www.domusweb.it/en/ architecture/2012/03/30/reactivating-a-manifesto.html [Accessed 20 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2018. Trix & Robert Haussmann. The Log-O-Rithmic Slide Rule: A Retrospective [online]. ETH Zurich. Available at: https://www.gta.arch.ethz. ch/events/trix--robert-haussmann-the-logorithmic-slide-rule-a-retrospective [Accessed 23 Sep 2018].
Nancy Hass, 2016. These Architects, Working Into Their 80s, Should Be Famous. The New York Times Style Megazine [online], 13 Sep. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/t-magazine/design/trix-haussmann-robert-haussmann-architects-designers.html [Accessed 23 Sep 2018]. Trix and Robert Haussmann, 2018. Life in Design: Trix and Robert Haussmann [online]. Frieze, 17 APR 2018. Available at: https://frieze.com/article/ life-design-trix-and-robert-haussmann [Accessed 23 Sep 2018]. Anon., 2017. TRIX + ROBERT HAUSSMANN [online]. Maniera. Available at: https://maniera.be/creators/13/trix-robert-haussmann [Accessed 23 Sep 2018].
MANY REFERENCES
Hannah Tindle, 2018. The Octogenarian Architects Influenced by The Memphis Group. AnOther [online], 23 JULY. Available at:http://www. anothermag.com/design-living/11018/the-octogenarian-architects-influenced-by-the-memphis-group [accessed 23 Sep] 2018]. Manchester Design Conference: DM18 DISRUPT Anon., 2018. DM18: DISRUPT [online]. Design Manchester. Available at:https://designmcr.com/the-festival [Accessed 18 Oct]. Design Dumbar Anon., 2018. Alzheimer Nederland — Communication design with integrity for the Dutch Alzheimer Foundation [online]. Studio Dumbar: All work. Available at: https://studiodumbar.com/work/alzheimer-nederland [Accessed 27 Oct 2018]. Anon., 2004. EUNL — A European logo for the Dutch Presidency of the European Union [online]. Studio Dumbar: All work. Available at: https:// studiodumbar.com/work/eunl [Accessed 27 Oct 2018]. Graphéine Anon., 2018. Saint-Étienne Opera House - 2017-18 season [online], Graphéine. Available at:https://www.grapheine.com/en/portfolio/fers-fondationentreprise-reussite-scolaire?fbclid=IwAR3nS8IZMSGyjnXJmWGTAm0zX_OYRlhhZD_AgpxCfC1QaXl6nJwuET9bIxI [Accessed 15 Nov]. Tokyo Midtown: Design Town 2018 Anon., 2018. Tokyo Midtown, Design Touch [online]. Tokyo Midtown, Design Touch: EVENT INDEX. Available at: http://www.tokyo-midtown.com/jp/ event/designtouch/english/ [Accessed 19 Nov 2018] What could be future trend? Anon., 2018. Alfons Maria Mucha, Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Mucha [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Angela Reed, 2016. Why it’s so important to keep on handwriting letters? [online]. Inkpact. Available at: https://inkpact.com/why-its-so-important-tokeep-writing-handwriting-letters/ [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Jackie, 2017. The importance of handwritten letters [online]. Runaway Rapetti. Available at: https://runawayrapetti.com/2017/07/26/the-importanceof-handwritten-letters-giveaway/ [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Kate Moross, 2107. Kiehl’s Holiday Collection. Launch Event Tokyo, 2017 [online]. Kate Moross. Available at: https://www.katemoross.com/Kiehl-sLaunch-Tokyo-2017 [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Daniel Nelson, 2014. Graphic design inspiration [online]. Form Up North. Available at: https://fromupnorth.com/graphic-design-inspiration-1085d6feb5d69f1a [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Anon., [n.d.]. Jazz. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Nick Carson, 2018. 7 inspiring examples of the hand lettering trend. Creative Blog [online blog], 10 June. Available at: https://www.creativebloq. com/inspiration/7-inspiring-examples-of-the-hand-lettering-trend [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. Project1: Extraoridinaey Spencer Cox, 2015. Everything You Need to Know About Macro Photography [online]. Photography life. Available at: https://photographylife.com/ macro-photography-tutorial [Accessed 29 Sep 2018].
MANY REFERENCES MANY REFERENCES Anon, 2016. Top 12 Macro Photography Tips [online]. Amateur Photographer, 27 Jan. Available at: https://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/ technique/macro_photography/top-12-macro-photography-tips-2429 [Accessed 29 Sep 2018]. Ann Sophie Lindström, 2018. Don’t fence me in. Witness [online], 19 Sep. Available at: https://witness.worldpressphoto.org/dont-fence-me-in230c81ea65ea [Accessed 29 Sep 2018].
Anon,2015. Top Macro Photographers Share Their Secrets. id! Blog [online blog] , 25, Aug. Available at: https://idesigni.co.uk/blog/top-macrophotographers/ [Accessed 29 Sep 2018]. Thomas Shanan, 2005-2014. Thomasshanan.com [online]. Available at: http://thomasshahan.com/#photos [Accessed 29 Sep 2018]. Heather Angel, Heather Angel Photography [online]. Available at: http://heatherangelphotography.co.uk/ [Accessed 30 Sep 2018].
Alessandro Zocci, Alessandro Zocci Macro Photography [online]. Available at: https://alessandrozocchi.com/ [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, [n.d.]. DADA [online]. The Art Story. Available at: https://www.theartstory.org/movement-dada.htm [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2018. DADA. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada [Accessed 30 Sep 2018].
Anon, 2018. DADA [online]. TATE. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/d/dada [Accessed 30 Sep 2018].
Anon, 2018.Giuseppe Achimboldo. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Arcimboldo [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2018. Photomontage [online]. TATE. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/photomontage [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, [n.d.]. Max Ernst and his painting [online]. Max Ernst. Available at: http://www.max-ernst.com/ [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Anon, 2018. Max Ernst. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Ernst [Accessed 30 Sep 2018].
Anon, [n.d.]. Siegfried Odermatt [online]. History Graphic Design. Available at: http://www.historygraphicdesign.com/the-age-of-information/ postmodern-design/542-siegfried-odermatt [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. Project2: LEAP Josef Müller-Brockmann, 1959. Swiss Star [online]. Grafik. Available at: https://www.grafik.net/category/heroes/swiss-star [Accessed 13 Nov 2018]. Josef Müller-Brockmann, 1955. Strawinsky/Fortner/Berg by Josef Müller-Brockmann (1955) [online]. PRAXIS. Available at: http://blog.niclasresch.com/post/159605551358/brockmann [Accessed 13 Nov 2018].
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MA Major Project Why Is It Hard For Young People To Fall In Love With Classical Musci? Anon, 2017. Millennials hate classical music and these are all the reasons why. Classic FM [online]. 11, Sep. Available at: https://www.classicfm.com/ discover-music/millennials-hate-classical/ [Accessed 30 Nov 2018]. Graham Strahle, 2017. What’s turning young people off classical music concerts?. Limelight [online]. 5, July. Available at: https://www. limelightmagazine.com.au/features/whats-turning-young-people-off-classical-music-concerts/ [Accessed 30 Nov 2018]. Joe Pinsker, 2015. Wearing a Suit Makes People Think Differently: Formalwear elicits feelings of power, which change some mental processes.The Atlantic [online], 30 Apr. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/04/wearing-a-suit-makes-people-think-differently/391802/ [Accessed 01 Dec 2018].
MANY REFERENCES
Classical Music Album Design: Denise Burt Tom Huizenga, 2015. Sound Design: The Art Of The Album Cover [online]. DPR Music, 30 July. Available at: https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivec adence/2015/07/30/426746267/sound-design-the-art-of-the-album-cover [Accessed: 20 NOV 2018]. Tom Huizenga, 2015. WHAT DOES MUSIC LOOK LIKE? [online]. NPR: Look at this, 28 July. Available at: https://apps.npr.org/lookatthis/posts/albumart/ [Accessed: 20 NOV 2018]. Cognitive Biases Gus Lubin and Shana Lebowitz, 2015. 58 cognitive biases that screw up everything we do [online]. Business Insider: strategy. Available at: http:// uk.businessinsider.com/cognitive-biases-2015-10?r=US&IR=T [Accessed 30 Nov 2018]. Synesthesia Seeing Sound: How Synesthesia Can Change Our Thinking | Annie Dickinson | TEDxYouth@Lancaster, 2017 [YouTube]. Tedx Talks, 15 Augest. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88s6guf9egs [Accessed 02 Dec]. Holly Williams, 2014. How synesthesia inspires artists. BBC [online]. 21 Oct. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140904-i-see-songs-incolour [Accessed 02 Dec] Frank Swain, 2014. Can synaesthesia be learnt?. BBC [online]. 11 June. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140611-can-synaesthesiabe-learnt [Accessed 02 Dec 2018] Wassily Kandinsky Anon., 2018. Wassily Kandinsky. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky#cite_note-1 [accessed 21 Nov 2018]. Anon. [n.d.]. Wassily Kandinsky [online]. The Art Story. Available at: https://www.theartstory.org/artist-kandinsky-wassily.htm [accessed 21 Nov 2018]. Gerard McBurney, 2006. Wassily Kandinsky: the painter of sound and vision. The Guardian [online], 24 June. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/jun/24/art.art [accessed 21 Nov 2018].
Phase 2 Workshop by Sara Carvino/Guest workshop: CPB
MANY REFERENC
Anon, [n.d]. Designer Venture Challenge [online]. Yodex. Available at: https://www.yodex.com.tw/intro_register [accessed 01 March, 2019].
The KIT KAT Benches visit Eastwood! | KIT KAT | Nestlé PH, 2015. [Youtube] Nestlé Philippines, 20 July. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ZeycRaVIDtI [accessed 01 March, 2019]. Dove Choose Beautiful | Women all over the world make a choice, 2015. [Youtube] Dove US, 07 April. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=7DdM-4siaQw [accessed 01 March, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Tesco [online]. Coley Porter Bell. Available at: https://www.coleyporterbell.com/case_study/tesco/ [Accessed 01 March, 2019]. A trip to Ireland
Anon,[n.d]. What's on [online]. National Gallery of Ireland. Available at: https://www.nationalgallery.ie/art-and-artists/exhibitions [Accessed 01 March, 2019].
Michael Parsons, 2016. Two Jack B Yeats paintings to be auctioned in Dublin [online]. The Irish Times. 15 May. Available at: https://www.irishtimes. com/life-and-style/homes-and-property/fine-art-antiques/two-jack-b-yeats-paintings-to-be-auctioned-in-dublin-1.2645643. [Accessed 01 March, 2019]. Anon,[n.d]. Norah McGuinness [online]. Art UK. Available at: https://artuk.org/discover/artists/mcguinness-norah-19011980 [Accessed 01 March, 2019]. Anon,[n.d]. Intimacy [online]. The Science Gallery. Available at: https://dublin.sciencegallery.com/intimacy/ [Accessed 19 Feburary, 2019]. TATE Modern Anon,[n.d]. Pop Art [online].The Art Story. Available at: https://www.theartstory.org/movement-pop-art.htm [Accessed 09 March. 2019].
Edward Krasinski, 2001. Helen O'Malley [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/visit/tate-modern/display/performer-andparticipant/edward-krasinski [Accessed 09 March. 2019]. Edward Krasinski, 1975. Intervention 15 [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/krasinski-intervention-15-t12568 [Accessed 09 March,2019]. Edward Krasinski, 1975. Intervention 27 [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/krasinski-intervention-15-t12568 [Accessed 09 March,2019]. Anon, 2019. ARTIST ROOMS: Jenny Holzer [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/exhibition/artist-roomsjenny-holzer/exhibition-guide [Accessed 09 March, 2019]. Anon, 2019. Jenny Holzer. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Holzer [Accessed 09 March. 2019]. Florence Ritter, 2012. Jenny Holzer: BLUE PURPLE TILT [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/holzer-blue-purpletilt-ar00082 [Accessed 09 March, 2019]. Gallery label, 2000. Jenny Holzer: Truisms 1984 [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/holzer-truisms-t03959 [Accessed 09 March,2019].
MANY
Anon, 2019. START DISPLAY [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/visit/tate-modern/display/start-display [Accessed 09 March, 2019]. Anon, 1970. Peter Sedgley Colour Cycle III [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/sedgley-colour-cycle-iii-t01237 [Accessed 09 March, 2019]. Clare Gormley, 2016. Ellsworth Kelly Yellow Curve [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/kelly-yellow-curve-t07403 [Accessed 09 March, 2019].
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MANY REFERENCES
Hannah Furness, 2016. Nicola Benedetti: Treat classical music like broccoli [online]. The telegraph, 10, Jul.Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/ news/2016/07/10/nicola-benedetti-treat-classical-music-like-broccoli/ [Accessed 16 March, 2019]. Luke Taylor, 2014. Nicola Benedetti is serious about music education [online]. Classic MPR, 11, Sep. Available at: https://www.classicalmpr.org/ story/2014/09/11/nicola-benedetti-is-serious-about-music-education [Accessed 16 March. 2019]. Anon, 2019. Nicola Benedetti. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Benedetti [Accessed 09 March. 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Nicola Benedetti: Albums, concerts, parents and more facts about the star violinist [online]. Classic FM. Available at: https://www.classicfm. com/artists/nicola-benedetti/guides/nicola-benedetti-facts/ [Accessed 09 March. 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. ABOUT NICOLA [online]. Nicola Benedetti. Available at: https://www.nicolabenedetti.co.uk/about/ [Accessed 16 March. 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Nicola Benedetti [online]. BBC Music. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/d3f36494-31aa-4567-b226-f01394d9d5a4 [Accessed 09 April. 2019]. Classical music therapy
Catherine Ulbricht, 2013. Music Therapy for Health and Wellness [online]. Psychology Today,Jun 21. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/ intl/blog/natural-standard/201306/music-therapy-health-and-wellness [Accessed 30 March, 2019]. Natalie Mouradian, 2017. Well & Truly is Here To Change Up The Healthy Snack Market With Colorful Packaging [online]. Deline,13 Dec. Available at: https://beta.thedieline.com/blog/2017/11/26/well-truly [Accessed 30 March, 2019]. Dr. Keith Scott-Mumby, [n.d]. THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF CLASSICAL MUSIC [online]. Dr. Keith Scott-Mumby. Available at: https://alternative-doctor. com/body-stuff/the-health-benefits-of-classical-music/ [Accessed 30 March, 2019]. Anon, 2019. Mozart Power. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Benedetti [Accessed 09 April, 2019]. Anon, 2019. Music therapy. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_therapyi [Accessed 09 April, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. The British Association for Music Therapy [online]. Available at: https://www.bamt.org/ [Accessed 09 April, 2019]. Brooke Neuman, 2016. 10 Shocking Benefits of Listening to Classical Music [online]. take lessons, 22 Jan. Available at: https://takelessons.com/blog/ benefits-of-listening-to-classical-music-z15 [Accessed 09 April, 2019]. Gavin Whitner, [n.d]. 18 Outstanding Benefits of Listening to Classical Music [online]. Music MPH. Available at: https://musicoomph.com/classicalmusic-benefits/ [Accessed 09 April, 2019].
NY ERENCES
Elizabeth Pardi, 2018. 5 Surprisingly deep benefits of listening to classical music [online]. Aleteia, 21 Jul. Available at: https://aleteia.org/2018/07/21/5surprisingly-deep-benefits-of-listening-to-classical-music/ [Accessed 09 April, 2019]. Unipapa Interview (note: there's no tilt font in traditional Chinese)
Ming-Tein Chang, 2018. Unipapa 剤 椚 涰 暟 䋑 饥 鹎 ✫ 倞 㹐 ⛳ 饥 鵜 ✫ 䌢 㹐 [online]. 溏 ꧹ 钟 ,5 Jun. Available at: https://www.watchinese.com/ article/2018/23741 [Accessed 09 April, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Unipapa 鏤鎙Ꙥ㹁㕰⾲⢵ꨶ赱䬝鼩腋刿㥪 [online]. A mag,5 Jun. Available at: https://www.watchinese.com/article/2018/23741 [Accessed 09 April, 2019]. MA Project
Anon, [n.d]. Shakespeare in the Park 2015 [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/shakespeare-in-the-park-2015 [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Tender Greens [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/tender-greens [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Jazz at Lincoln Center [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/jazz-at-lincoln-center [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. The Contemporary Austin [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/the-contemporary-austin-1 [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Saks Fifth Avenue LOOK [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/saks-fifth-avenue-look [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Caramoor Center for Music and the Arts [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/caramoor-center-for-musicand-the-arts [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Made In Cloister [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/made-in-cloister [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Association of Art Museum Directors [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/association-of-art-museumdirectors [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Shakespeare in the Park 2011 [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/shakespeare-in-the-park-2011 [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. North Carolina Museum of Art [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/north-carolina-museum-of-art [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Philadelphia Orchestra [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/philadelphia-orchestra [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019].
Anon, [n.d]. Museum of Arts and Design [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/museum-of-arts-and-design [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Black Box Theater [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/black-box-theater [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, 2018. Saint-Étienne Opera House - 2017-18 season [online]. Grapheine. Available at: https://www.grapheine.com/en/portfolio/opera-saintetienne-charte-graphique-17-18 [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Worker bee, 2017. 33 famous graphic design companies from around the globe [online]. 99 desgins. Available at: https://99designs.co.uk/blog/famousdesign/most-famous-graphic-design-companies/ [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. 91
FEW MORE PAGE TO GO
Rob Alderson, 2015. A Day at Pentagram New York: an insight into the partners, politics and personalities [online]. It's nice that, 07 Sep. Available at: https://www.itsnicethat.com/features/day-in-the-life-of-pentagram [Accessed 03 April, 2019]. Lucy Bourton, 2018. An interview with Pentagram’s latest partner, Astrid Stavro [online]. It's nice that, 10 Oct. Available at: https://www.itsnicethat.com/ features/astrid-stavro-pentagram-partner-announcement-graphic-design-081018[Accessed 03 April, 2019].
Tubik Studio, 2018. Shape and Color in Logo Design: Practical Cases [online]. Medium, 12 Feb. Available at: https://medium.com/@tubikstudio/shapeand-color-in-logo-design-practical-cases-65df7e4c4e1a [Accessed 02 April, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. paul Rnad [online]. Paul Rnad 1914-1996. Available at: http://paul-rand.com/ [Accessed 02 April, 2019]. Anon, 2019. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Rand [Accessed 02 April, 2019].
Alex Bigman, 2012. 4 principles by Paul Rand that may surprise you [online]. 99 desgins. Available at: https://99designs.co.uk/blog/famous-design/4principles-by-paul-rand-that-may-surprise-you/ [Accessed 02 April, 2019].
A FEW MORE PAGES TO GO
Anon, [n.d]. Paul Rand [online]. History graphics. Available at: http://www.historygraphicdesign.com/the-age-of-information/the-new-york-school/177paul-rand [Accessed 03 April, 2019].
Anon, [n.d]. Paul Rand [online]. Famous graphic designers. Available at: https://www.famousgraphicdesigners.org/paul-rand [Accessed 03 April, 2019]. Anon, 2019. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Renner [Accessed 02 April, 2019].
Anon, ,[n.d]. FONT DESIGNER – PAUL RENNER [online]. Lino Type. Available at: https://www.linotype.com/762/paul-renner.html [Accessed 08 April, 2019]. Anon, ,[n.d]. PAUL RENNER [online]. Palomar. Available at: https://www2.palomar.edu/users/gkelley/PaulRenner.html [Accessed 08 April, 2019]. Anon, ,[n.d]. Barbara Kruger [online]. The Art Story. Available at: https://www.theartstory.org/artist-kruger-barbara.htm [Accessed 08 April, 2019]. Anon, ,[n.d]. Barbara Kruger [online]. The Art Story. Available at: https://www.theartstory.org/artist-kruger-barbara.htm [Accessed 08 April, 2019].
Manoush Zomorodi, 2018. No Filter: Barbara Kruger [online]. WNYC Studio. Available at: https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/barbara-kruger [Accessed 08 April, 2019].
Kerry William Purcell, [n.d]. JOSEPH MÜLLER-BROCKMANN [online]. Desing is History. Available at: http://www.designishistory.com/1940/josephmueller-brockmann/ [Accessed 08 April, 2019]. David Watson, 2014. Josef Müller-Brockmann | Lars Müller Publishers ‘Poster Collection 25′ [online]. Typetoken, 14 Feb. Available at: http://www. typetoken.net/icon/josef-muller-brockmann-lars-muller-publishers-poster-collection-25/ [Accessed 09 April, 2019]. Ruby Boddington, 2018. Designer Brodie Kaman on how creative outlets can help control mental illness and addiction [online]. It's nice that, 30, July. Available at: https://www.itsnicethat.com/articles/brodie-kaman-graphic-design-300718 [Accessed 12 April, 2019]. ROBERT NASH, [n.d]. 30 CLEVER AND MIND BLOWING PACKAGE DESIGNS [online]. Design Bump. Available at: https://designbump.com/30clever-and-mind-blowing-package-designs/ [Accessed 28 Mar, 2019]. Jenni Chasteen, [n.d]. Help, I Have Problems Kit [online]. Incredible Things. Available at: http://incrediblethings.com/home/help-i-have-problems-kit/ [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, 2009. Fashion Pills [online]. dustyburrito, 11 Au. Available at: http://dustyburrito.blogspot.com/2009/08/fashion-pills.html [Accessed 25 Feb, 2019].
A FEW MORE PAGES TO GO
Enric Aguilera, 2010. Delishop Take Away [online]. Lovely package. Available at: http://lovelypackage.com/delishop-take-away/ [Accessed 28 Feb, 2019]. My trouble with classical music, 2019. [Radio] BBC Radio 3, 24 Feb, 2019. The Favorite, 2019. [Cinema] 2 Jan., 2019. Green Book, 2019. [Cinema] 3 Mar., 2019.
The Aftermath, 2019. [Cinema] 8 March, 2019.
Sabine Danek, 2016. Jahre Bauhaus [online]. PAGE. Available at: https://page-online.de/kreation/riesige-kampagne-zu-100-jahre-bauhaus/ [Accessed 8 Mar, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. The Bauhaus in all its facets [online]. 100 years of Bauhaus. Available at: https://www.bauhaus100.de/en/ [Accessed 8 Mar, 2019]. Anon, 2019. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus [Accessed 12 Mar, 2019].
Anon, [n.d]. Bauhaus [online]. The Art Story. Available at: https://www.theartstory.org/movement-bauhaus.htm [Accessed 10 Mar, 2019]. Anon, 2018. Bauhaus posters and sausages for the 100th Bauhaus anniversary [online]. Grapheine. Available at: https://www.grapheine.com/en/ branding-en/bauhaus-posters-and-sausages-for-the-100th-bauhaus-anniversary [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. 10 of the best retro classical music memes [online]. Classic FM. Available at: https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/latest/classicalmusic-memes/confession-bear/ [Accessed 28 Feb, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. The Best Music Memes for Classical Musicians [online]. Musicnotes Now. Available at: https://www.musicnotes.com/now/omg/the-bestmusic-memes-for-classical-musicians/ [Accessed 28 Feb, 2019]. Anon, [n.d]. Best Music Memes of All Time [online]. Musicnotes Now. Available at: https://www.musicnotes.com/now/omg/best-music-memes-of-alltime/ [Accessed 28 Feb, 2019]. Tchaikovsky Fantasy Overture: Romeo and Juliet. Performed by the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Vasily Petrenko . [Royal Concert Hall, Nottingham. 7 Mar. 2019]. Rachmaninov Piano Concerto No. 3. Performed by the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Vasily Petrenko . [Royal Concert Hall, Nottingham. 7 Mar. 2019]. Sibelius Symphony No. 5. Performed by the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Vasily Petrenko . [Royal Concert Hall, Nottingham. 7 Mar. 2019].
Phase 3
MA Project development
Anon., 2017. 10 Things You Didn’t Know About Mozart [online]. Friends of Chamber Music, 1 June. Available at: https://friendsofchambermusic.ca/10things-didnt-know-mozart/ [accessed 01 May 2019]. Maynard Solomon, 2019. Mozart: A Life Critical Essays [online]. eNotes,11 Jun. Available at: https://www.enotes.com/topics/mozart [accessed 01 May 2019] 92
Alessa Ross, 2018. 13 Facts AboutWolfgang Amadeus Mozart [online]. MF, 2 July. Available at: http://mentalfloss.com/article/547532/facts-aboutwolfgang-amadeus-mozart [accessed 01 May 2019]
ALMOST FINISH
Anon., [n.d.]. Bach Vs Marchand: The Duel That Never Was [online]. Classic FM. Available at: https://www.classicfm.com/composers/bach/guides/ bach-v-marchand-duel-never-was/ [accessed 02 May]. Yo Tomita, 1997. The "Goldberg" Variations, 1997. Ph.D. thesis, Queen's University Belfast. Availavle at: http://www.music.qub.ac.uk/tomita/essay/cu4. html [accessed 02 May] Andreas Otte, 2016. Johann Sebastian Bach´s “Goldberg variations“ to treat insomnia from renal lithiasis pain. Sleep research in Nuclear Medicine. Ph.D. thesis, Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Availavle at: http://www.nuclmed.gr/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/06.pdf [accessed 02 May] Alex Ross, 2006. The Storm of Style [online]. The New Yorker, 16 Jul. Availavle at: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/24/the-storm-ofstyle [accessed 02 May] Biography.com Editors, 2014. Johann Sebastian Bach Biography [online]. Biography, 17 Apr. Availavle at: https://www.biography.com/musician/johannsebastian-bach [accessed 02 May] Walter Emery Robert L. Marshall, 2019. Johann Sebastian Bach [online]. Britannica, 26 Mar. Availavle at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/ Johann-Sebastian-Bach [accessed 02 May] Anon, 2018. #GetToKnow #FSSO #SymphonyConcert #Composer #Beethoven [online]. Free State of Symphony, 16 May. Availavle at: http:freestatesymphonyorchestra.blogspot.com/2018/05/gettoknow-fsso-symphonyconcert-composer_16.html [accessed 02 May] Anon, 2018. Did Beethoven meet Mozart? [online]. Classic FM, 6 March. Availavle at: https://www.classicfm.com/composers/beethoven/guides/ beethoven-and-mozart/ [accessed 02 May] Anon, 2015. Bach vs Mozart vs Beethoven: How are they different?. Reddit [online]. Availavle at: https://www.reddit.com/r/classicalmusic/ comments/2f4sp5/bach_vs_mozart_vs_beethoven_how_are_they_different/ [accessed 04 May] Johnesto, 2019. If you feel disheartened by some of today's pop music, here's what Frederic Chopin remarked about the "pop music" of his days, in 1830. Reddit [online], 01 May. Availavle at: https://www.reddit.com/r/classicalmusic/comments/bizhf4/if_you_feel_disheartened_by_some_of_todays_ pop/ [accessed 02 May] Anon, 2019. Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven). Wikipedia [online]. Availavle at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven) [accessed 02 May] Biography.com Editors, 2014. Ludwig van Beethoven [online]. Biography, 2 Apr. Available at: https://www.biography.com/musician/ludwig-vanbeethoven [accessed 02 May] Anon, [n.d]. Beethoven [online]. Classic FM. Availavle at: https://www.classicfm.com/composers/beethoven/ [accessed 02 May] Anon, 2003. Chopin’s life [online]. The Fryderyk Chopin institute. Availavle at: http://en.chopin.nifc.pl/chopin/life/biography/ [accessed 02 May]
ALMOST FINISH
Leon Plantinga, Arthur Hedley, [n.d]. Frédéric Chopin [online]. Encycopedia Britannica. Availavle at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/FredericChopin [accessed 02 May] Anon, 2015. I like listening to classical music. I really appreciate the work of Mozart, Beethoven, Bach, Chopin and many others. Does that make me look old fashioned?. Quora [online]. Available at: https://www.quora.com/I-like-listening-to-classical-music-I-really-appreciate-the-work-of-Mozart-Beethoven-Bach-Chopin-and-many-others-Does-thatmake-me-look-old-fashioned [accessed 05 May] Michael Masiello, 2016. Why are Mozart and Beethoven better known than Vivaldi, Chopin or Bach?. Quora [online]. Available at: https://www.quora. com/Why-are-Mozart-and-Beethoven-better-known-than-Vivaldi-Chopin-or-Bach [accessed 02 May] Anon., 2016. Why are Mozart and Beethoven better known than Vivaldi, Chopin or Bach?. Quora [online]. Available at: https://www.quora.com/Whyare-Mozart-and-Beethoven-better-known-than-Vivaldi-Chopin-or-Bach [accessed 05 May] Anon, 2015. Who is the greatest classical music composer between Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven?. Quora [online]. Available at: https://www.quora. com/Who-is-the-greatest-classical-music-composer-between-Bach-Mozart-and-Beethoven [accessed 05 May] Anon., 2017. Why haven't we seen a piano prodigy like Chopin or Beethoven in our generation?. Quora [online]. Available at: https://www.quora.com/ Why-havent-we-seen-a-piano-prodigy-like-Chopin-or-Beethoven-in-our-generation [accessed 05 May] Marek Pruszewic, 2014. The mystery of Chopin's death [online]. BBC News, 22 Dec. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-29915863 [accessed 05 May] Anon, [n.d]. Liszt [online]. Classic FM. Available at: https://www.classicfm.com/composers/liszt/ [accessed 05 May] Anon., [n.d]. Franz Liszt: A Life [online]. Classic FM. Available at:https://www.classicfm.com/composers/liszt/guides/franz-liszt-life/ [accessed 07 May] Anon., 2018. Was Franz Liszt really so charming?. Quora [online]. Available at: https://www.quora.com/Was-Franz-Liszt-really-so-charming [accessed 07 May] Humphrey Searle, [n.d]. Franz Liszt. Britannica [online]. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Liszt [accessed 07 May] Anon., 2019. Short-story vending machines installed at London tube station [online].. Art and Culture, 2 April. Available at: https://www.thenational.ae/ arts-culture/books/short-story-vending-machines-installed-at-london-tube-station-1.844275 [accessed 07 May]
ALMOST FINISH
Nigel Edelshain, 2017. Young People Still Read Print Magazines [online]. Wainscot Media Blog, 25 June. Available at: http://wainscotmedia.com/blog/ young-people-still-read-print-magazines [accessed 07 May] Scott McDonald, 2015. DO YOUNG PEOPLE READ MAGAZINES [online] Nomos Research. Available at: http://nomosresearch.com/wp-content/ uploads/2015/04/Do-Young-People-Read-Magazines.pdf [accessed 07 May] David Pilcher, 2018. Print vs. Digital: How We Really Consume Our Magazines [online]. Free Port Press, 21 Sep. Available at: http://freeportpress. com/print-vs-digital-how-we-really-consume-our-magazines/ [accessed 07 May] Sean Coughlan, 2013. Young people 'prefer to read on screen' [online]. BBC News, 3 May. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news education-22540408 [accessed 07 May] Neil Howe, 2017. Millennials: A Generation Of Page-Turners [online]. Forbes, 17 JAN. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilhowe/2017/01/16/ millennials-a-generation-of-page-turners/#6e557e519786 [accessed 07 May] Alice Robb, 2017. 92 Percent of College Students Prefer Reading Print Books to E-Readers [online]. The New Republic, 14 Jan. Available at: https:// newrepublic.com/article/120765/naomi-barons-words-onscreen-fate-reading-digital-world [accessed 07 May] Richard Morris, 2010. Understanding why consumers read print media [online]. Campaign, 09 Nov. Available at: https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/ article/understanding-why-consumers-read-print-media/1039553 [accessed 07 May]
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Phase 1 [FIG 1] [FIG 2] Aria Wong, 2018. Torre [photograph]. Nottingham: Nottingham Contemporary. [FIG 3] Aria Wong, 2018. Maso-Chair [photograph]. Nottingham: Nottingham Contemporary. [FIG 4] [FIG 5] Aria Wong, 2018. Ben Wright [photograph]. Manchester: Manchester Conference [FIG 6] [FIG 7] Aria Wong, 2018. Design Dumbar [photograph]. Manchester: Manchester Conference
ONE MORE PAGE
[FIG 8] [FIG 9] Design Dumbar., 2018. Alzheimer Nederland — Communication design with integrity for the Dutch Alzheimer Foundation [digital image]. Studio Dumbar: All work. Available at: https://studiodumbar.com/work/alzheimer-nederland [Accessed 27 Oct 2018]. [FIG 10] [FIG 11] [FIG 12] [FIG 13] Design Dumbar., 2004. EUNL — A European logo for the Dutch Presidency of the European Union [digital image]. Studio Dumbar: All work. Available at: https://studiodumbar.com/work/eunl [Accessed 27 Oct 2018].
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[FIG 14] [FIG 15] [FIG 16] Graphéine., 2018. Saint-Étienne Opera House - 2017-18 season [digital image],Graphéine. Available at:https://www.grapheine.com/en/portfolio/fersfondation-entreprise-reussite-scolaire?fbclid=IwAR3nS8IZMSGyjnXJmWGTAm0zX_OYRlhhZD_AgpxCfC1QaXl6nJwuET9bIxI [Accessed 15 Nov]. [FIG 17] Dan Matutina, 2018. Tokyo Midtown Design Touch [digital image]. Available via: https://reurl.cc/RjnLe [Accessed 29 Nov 2018]. [FIG 18] Mucha, 2018. Wikipedia [digital image]. Available via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Mucha [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. [FIG 19] Kate Moross, 2107. Kiehl’s Holiday Collection. Launch Event Tokyo, 2017 [digital image]. Available via: https://www.katemoross.com/Kiehl-sLaunch-Tokyo-2017 [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. [FIG 20] [FIG 21] Kamil Borowssk, 2013. Woody Allen DVD Covers [online]. Behance: kb_calligraphy Kamil Borowski. Available at: https://www. behance.net/gallery/9100219/Woody-Allen-DVD-Covers [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. [FIG 22] HLT Studio, 2015. CD cover &disk [online]. Behance: HLT Studio. Available at: https://www.behance.net/gallery/23192523/CD-cover-disk [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. [FIG 23] Hsiaoron Cheng, 2015. Troye Sivan: Wild [online]. Instagram: hsiaoroncheng. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/hsiaoroncheng/ [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. [FIG 24] Hsiaoron Cheng, 2015. Troye Sivan: Wild [online]. Instagram: hsiaoroncheng. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/hsiaoroncheng/ [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. [FIG 25] Anon, 2018. Jazz. Wikipedia [digital image]. Available via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz [Accessed 15 Sep 2018]. [FIG 32] Aria Wong, 2015. Neon rainy day [photograph]. Taipei.
[FIG 44] Giuseooe Achimboldo, 1950. Vertumnus, [oil on wood]. Skokloster Castle, Sweden. [FIG 45] Giuseooe Achimboldo,1573. Summer 2, [oil on wood]. Como Cathedral, Italy [FIG 46] [FIG 47] [FIG 48]Raoul Hausmann,1919–20. Picture collage. The Art Critic. Tate [online], Available via:https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/ d/dada [Accessed 30 Sep 2018] [FIG 49] Max Ernst,1921. The Elephant Celebes, [oil on canvas]. Tate [online]. Available via: http://www.max-ernst.com/ [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. [FIG 50] Max Ernst,1923. Ubu Imperator, [oil on canvas]. Pompidou Center, Paris.
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[FIG 51] Siegfried Odermatt,1960. Oben [digital image]. Available via: http://www.historygraphicdesign.com/the-age-of-information/postmoderndesign/542-siegfried-odermatt [Accessed 30 Sep 2018]. [FIG 56] [FIG 57] Josef Müller-Brockmann, 1959. Musik[digital image]. Available via: https://www.grafik.net/category/heroes/swiss-star [Accessed 13 Nov 2018]. [FIG 65] [FIG 66] [FIG 67] [FIG 68] Tom Huizenga, 2015. WHAT DOES MUSIC LOOK LIKE? [online]. NPR: Look at this, 28 July. Available at: https:// apps.npr.org/lookatthis/posts/album-art/ [Accessed: 20 NOV 2018]. [FIG 70] Seeing Sound: How Synesthesia Can Change Our Thinking | Annie Dickinson | TEDxYouth@Lancaster, 2017 [YouTube]. Tedx Talks, 15 Augest. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88s6guf9egs [Accessed 02 Dec]. [FIG 71] Wassily Kandinsky, 1911, Reiter (Lyrishes), oil on canvas, 94 x 130 cm, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen [FIG 72] Wassily Kandinsky, 1910, The Cow, Lenbachhaus, Munich [FIG 74] Wassily Kandinsky, Composition IV, 1911,
Phase 2
[FIG 74] [FIG 75] [FIG 76] Aria Wang, 2019. CPB Workshop [Photograph]. Nottingham Trent University.
[FIG 77] Michael Parsons, 2016. Two Jack B Yeats paintings to be auctioned in Dublin [online]. The Irish Times. 15 May. Available at: https://www. irishtimes.com/life-and-style/homes-and-property/fine-art-antiques/two-jack-b-yeats-paintings-to-be-auctioned-in-dublin-1.2645643. [Accessed 01 March. 2019]. [FIG 78] Anon,[n.d]. Norah McGuinness [online]. Art UK. Available at: https://artuk.org/discover/artists/mcguinness-norah-19011980 [Accessed 01 March. 2019]. [FIG 79] [FIG 80] [FIG 81] Anon,[n.d]. Categories [online]. National Gallery of Ireland. Available at: http://onlinecollection.nationalgallery.ie/ categories?_ga=2.171698784.1965208161.1552490926-1650093952.1552490926&_gac=1.209382950.1552490926.EAIaIQobChMI9Mjfqbf_4AIVyZ6 zCh0bVgXCEAAYASAAEgIwOPD_BwE [Accessed 01 March. 2019].
ONE
[FIG 82] Aria Wang, 2019. The Science Gallery [Photograph]. Dublin, Ireland [FIG 83] Fang-Chi Tseng, 2019. The Science Gallery [Photograph]. Dublin, Ireland [FIG 84] Aria Wang, 2019. The Science Gallery [Photograph]. Dublin, Ireland [FIG 85] [FIG 86] [FIG 87] Aria Wang, 2019. TATE Modern [Photograph]. London. 94
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[FIG 88] Anon,[n.d]. 2019. ARTIST ROOMS: Jenny Holzer [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/ exhibition/artist-rooms-jenny-holzer/exhibition-guide [Accessed 09 March. 2019]. [FIG 89] Edward Krasinski, 2001. Helen O'Malley [online]. TATE Modern. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/visit/tate-modern/display/performer-andparticipant/edward-krasinski [Accessed 09 March. 2019]. [FIG 89] Anon, [n.d]. ABOUT NICOLA [online]. Nicola Benedetti. Available at: https://www.nicolabenedetti.co.uk/about/ [Accessed 16 March. 2019]. [FIG 91] [FIG 92] Ming-Tein Chang, 2018. Unipapa 剤 椚 涰 暟 䋑 饥 鹎 ✫ 倞 㹐 ⛳ 饥 鵜 ✫ 䌢 㹐 [online]. 溏 ꧹ 钟 ,5 Jun. Available at: https://www. watchinese.com/article/2018/23741 [Accessed 09 April, 2019]. [FIG 93] [FIG 94] Unipapa, 2018.ս 〷 ♳ 剓 넞 룲 ⟱ ⷔ 㵉 し 䫼 㹻 ꃏ ꃏ 䰿 վ. Unipapa [Facebook]. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/ balancerproduction/ [Accessed 06 April. 2019].
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[FIG 96] [FIG 97] Anon, [n.d]. Shakespeare in the Park 2011 [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/shakespeare-in-thepark-2011 [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. [FIG 98] [FIG 99] Anon, [n.d]. Saks Fifth Avenue LOOK [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/saks-fifth-avenue-look [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. [FIG 100] [FIG 101] [FIG 102] Anon, [n.d]. Paul Rand [online]. History graphics. Available at: http://www.historygraphicdesign.com/the-age-ofinformation/the-new-york-school/177-paul-rand [Accessed 03 April, 2019]. [FIG 103] Anon, [n.d]. Jazz at Lincoln Center [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/jazz-at-lincoln-center [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. [FIG 104] [FIG 105] [FIG 106] Anon, [n.d]. Museum of Arts and Design [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/museumof-arts-and-design [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. [FIG 107] [FIG 108] Anon, [n.d]. Detroit Symphony Orchestra [online]. Pentagram. Available at: https://www.pentagram.com/work/detroit-symphony-or chestra?rel=search&query=detroit&sector=&discipline=&page=1 [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. [FIG 110] [FIG 111] Anon, [n.d]. i-D magazine subscription [online]. i subscirbe. Available at: https://www.isubscribe.co.nz/i-d-magazine-subscription. cfm [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019].
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[FIG 115] Anon, 2019. Wikipedia [online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Favourite [accessed 22 Jan,2019] [FIG 118] Anon, [n.d]. Classic FM - logo for VW Infotainment car radio [online]. Available at: https://media.info/radio/stations/classic-fm/logo-for-vw [accessed 22 Jan,2019] [FIG 123] Bruce Wilson, 2012. Research, Helvetica Posters [online]. BRUCEWILSONGRAPHICS. Available at: https://media.info/radio/stations/ classic-fm/logo-for-vw [accessed 22 Jan,2019] [FIG 124] [FIG 125] Kerry William Purcell, [n.d]. JOSEPH MÜLLER-BROCKMANN [online]. Desing is History. Available at: http://www.designishistory. com/1940/joseph-mueller-brockmann/ [Accessed 08 April, 2019]. [FIG 126] [FIG 127] Anon, ,[n.d]. FONT DESIGNER – PAUL RENNER [online]. Lino Type. Available at: https://www.linotype.com/762/paul-renner.html [Accessed 08 April, 2019]. [FIG 128] Anon, ,[n.d]. FONT DESIGNER – PAUL RENNER [online]. Lino Type. Available at: https://www.linotype.com/762/paul-renner.html [Accessed 08 April, 2019].
I CAN GO TO SLEEP
[FIG 131] [FIG 132]Balancer Production srudio, 2019. UNNAMED FOLDER _ 劢ㄐそ须俲㣰 . Balancer Production [Facebook]. Available at: https:// www.facebook.com/balancerproduction/ [Accessed 06 April. 2019]. [FIG 133] Aaron Nieh, 2017. In craziness lies genius I [digital image].Pinterest. Available at: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/67835538124372328/ [Accessed 29 Mar. 2019]. [FIG 134] [FIG 135] [FIG 136] Anon, [n.d]. Obsessions gallery [digital image].Pinterest. Available at: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/ pin/67835538124369076/ [Accessed 29 Mar. 2019]. [FIG 139] Anon, 2015. Well and Truely [online]. Story Field. Available at: https://storyfied.com/interview/well-and-truly/ [Accessed 8 Mar, 2019]. [FIG 141] Anon, [n.d]. The Bauhaus in all its facets [online]. 100 years of Bauhaus. Available at: https://www.bauhaus100.de/en/ [Accessed 8 Mar, 2019]. [FIG 142] Anon, 2018. Bauhaus posters and sausages for the 100th Bauhaus anniversary [online]. Grapheine. Available at: https://www.grapheine. com/en/branding-en/bauhaus-posters-and-sausages-for-the-100th-bauhaus-anniversary [Accessed 28 Jan, 2019]. [FIG 143] Sabine Danek, 2016. Jahre Bauhaus [online]. PAGE. Available at: https://page-online.de/kreation/riesige-kampagne-zu-100-jahre-bauhaus/ [Accessed 8 Mar, 2019]. [FIG 148] [FIG 149] Anon, [n.d]. The Best Music Memes for Classical Musicians [online]. Musicnotes Now. Available at: https://www.musicnotes.com/ now/omg/the-best-music-memes-for-classical-musicians/ [Accessed 28 Feb, 2019]3
Phase 3
[FIG 154] Aria Wong. 2019. Museum of Senses [Photograph]. Prague: Museum of Senses. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/ exhibition/artist-rooms-jenny-holzer/exhibition-guide [Accessed 09 March. 2019]. [FIG 169] Anon, 2013. The 'I Love New York' logo creators' inspiring designs – in pictures [online]. The Guardain, 21 Sep. Available at: https://www. theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2013/sep/21/milton-glaser-push-pin-studios [Accessed 8 May, 2019]. [FIG 170] PDUBS, 2017. Milton Glaser, graphiste et illustrateur. [online]. jetudie la com'. Available at: http://jetudielacom.com/milton-glaser/ [Accessed 8 May, 2019]. [FIG 186] [FIG 187] [FIG 188] incrediville, 2019. incrediville_tw [Instagram]. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/incrediville_tw/ [Accessed 06 May. 2019]. [FIG 206] Aria Wang, 2019. Aria Wang [online]. Behance: Aria Wang. Available at: https://www.behance.net/ariafantasf5dd [Accessed 03 Jun. 2019]. [FIG 207] [FIG 208] Aria Wang, 2019. ariadesignstudio [Instagram]. Available at: https://www.behance.net/ariafantasf5dd [Accessed 03 Jun. 2019].
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THE END