Melbourne School of Design APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Subject Coordinator: Dr Giorgio Marfella
Design Development Proposal for a Tall Office Building in Melbourne CBD Team Members Melissa Chong Michael Minghi Park Alessandro Antoci Contents Part 1 – Project Synopsis 1.1 1.2 1.3
Vertical Strategy (Alessandro Antoci) Structural Concept (Melissa Chong) Facade Concept (Michael Minghi Park)
Part 2 – General Arrangement Drawings A1.1: Sections & Architectural Plans A1.2: Site Plans and massing concepts A1.3: 3D Modelling (Digital Model) A2.1: Structural Short and Long Sections A2.2: Structural plans A2.3: Structural concept diagrams & 3D modelling A3.1: Elevations A3.2: Enlarged sections and elevations A3.3: Façade concept diagrams & 3D modelling Part 3 – Detailed Design Drawings A4.1 Podium/Typical Office Façade: General Arrangement A4.2 Podium/Typical Office Façade: Details A4.2.5 Podium/Typical Office Facade: Details 2 A4.3 Typical Office/Sky Lobby Façade: General Arrangement A4.4 Typical Office/Sky Lobby Façade: Details A4.5 Typical Hotel/Crown Façade: General Arrangement A4.6 Typical Hotel/Crown Façade: Details
Melbourne School of Design APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Subject Coordinator: Dr Giorgio Marfella
PART 1 PROJECT SYNOPSIS
Melbourne School of Design APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Subject Coordinator: Dr Giorgio Marfella
1.1 VERTICAL STRATEGY
Author
Student ID
Alessandro Antoci
849802
OVERALL CONCEPT The proposed mixed-use tower in Melbourne is to be 232.8m tall. The design concept for the project places a contextual response to Melbourne’s existing skyline at the forefront. The geometric proportions of the tower’s form have been shaped to create a refined yet elegant landmark. As opposed to hiding the project’s core, the tower utilises a side-core structural typology, a rectilinear form progressively emerging from the increasingly curved envelope. This juxtaposition between the two forms reaches its pinnacle at the crown of the tower, drawing one’s gaze upwards, along the dynamic spine of the architecture. STACKING CONCEPT As the tower increases in height, the external vertices taper inwards. In addition to providing an increased vertical emphasis, this gradual reduction in floor plates provides a more suitable allocation of net lettable area, with offices requiring greater spaces than the hotel floors towards the peak. Regarding the ground floor, a glazed space-frame canopy covers the various entrances to the respective lobbies, a hotel lobby bordered by Market Street and a commercial lobby adjacent to Collins Street. A taxi rank is integrated into the ground through the means of a Porte cochere alongside Market Street. FLOOR PLATES The structure is to be comprised of 14 low-rise office floors, 11 mid-rise office floors, 19 hotel floors and 3 mechanical floors. The mechanical floors will be spaced throughout the building, above the podium (towards the base), beneath the crown (towards the top) and at floor 28 (above the mid-span). Overall, the tower posses at total gross floor area of 80,729m2 with a total net lettable area of 64,762m2, resulting in an average floor efficiency of 73.5%. The proposition enables the floor-to-floor height to be 3.8 metres across the tower, excluding mechanical floors (floor-to-floor height of 7.6 metres). LIFTS The project utilises a side-core to provide a channel for vertical circulation whilst simultaneously resisting lateral wind loads. The side core contains 20 lift shafts, divided accordingly to service the various zones of the tower. In regions where the lift shafts do not house a lift-car, the remaining spaces is utilised as bathrooms or storage areas. In addition to lift shafts, two separate sets of fire stairs have been allocated at the Northern and Southern portion of the lift core. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING The side core-occupies the western portion of the façade, the region that is subject to the most severe solar heat gain. By situating the side-core on this facet, the thermal loads upon the building envelope is drastically reduced. The geometries of the tower’s vertices fluctuate along the tower’s vertical axis. In addition to tapering, the north-east and south-west vertices are progressively chamfered as the height of the tower increases. The tapering provides the tower with a reduced area exposed to wind loads, lateral forces that typically become more severe at greater heights. The chamfering of the specified vertices is predetermined by Melbourne’s prevailing wind directions, mitigating the impact of wind loads through the conception of a more curvilinear, aerodynamic form. Akin to the tapering, the degree of chamfer increases in relation to the tower’s height. The chamfering on the north-east also provides an increased interaction with the preferred eastern sun.
Melbourne School of Design APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Subject Coordinator: Dr Giorgio Marfella
1.2 STRUCTURAL CONCEPT
Author
Student ID
Given Name Family Name
123456
Overall structure 447 Collin Street adopts the outrigger system as its main structural typology. It relies on a side core and 4 main mega columns, as its primary form of support. In addition, 447 Collin Street also uses diagonals for both additional support and as a facade feature.
Flooring System Each floor plate uses a homogenous composite steel decking system that measures 120mm in thickness. By adopting a thinner floor plate, this would allow 447 Collin Street to achieve optimal spatial efficiency. In the vertical direction, the thinner slab would allow more space for mechanical ductwork, whereas, horizontally, larger columns spans of 9m could be achieved. This increase in net rentable area allows for higher economical gains.
Under the steel decking system, a series of primary steel universal beams are used to connect the perimeter edge beams to the load bearing walls of the side core. This is particularly important in the side-core configuration adopted as it ensures that the building works as a collective structural unit. Given its non-central location, each mechanical floor adopts a set of outriggers, connecting the perimeter columns to the load bearing core walls, to enhance its structural capabilities.
Columns 447 Collin Street adopts a 1500mm module system with its internal columns spaced primarily at 9m centres. This allows the unitised curtain wall system to be installed more efficiently and the car spaces in the basement to be divided more optimally. However, to follow its chamfered form, the spacings of each periphery column spacing reduces gradually towards the top. In addition, two types of columns were used - 900 SHS for Ground Floor to Level 28 and 600SHS for levels 29 to 50. The reduction in column sizes allow for more internal spaces and eliminates unnecessary support, which reduces the overall cost without compromising its structural capabilities. In addition, 447 Collin Street uses 4 mega composite columns, distributed to each corner, to carry vertical loads. Not only does this serves a statement, but also aims to maximise internal column spacing, so as to achieve a higher net lettable area. It is accompanied with diagonals, in the form of aluminium capped cantilevered beams to stiffen its structural integrity.
Core Located to the West of the building, the side core holds the main set of amenities - passenger lifts, good lifts, fire-escape stairs, bathrooms and store rooms. Structurally, the core is made of concrete-poured load bearing walls, that vary in width - 550mm from the Ground Floor to Level 28 and 300mm from Level 29 to Level 50. The difference in widths is to account for the differences in loads across each floor and to reduce the overall cost.
Podium The podium adopts a space frame system for the canopy with a depth of 3m. The hanging curtain wall, its protects users from the wind and rain and the interior curtain wall creates encloses the building for its occupants.
Melbourne School of Design APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY
Subject Coordinator: Dr Giorgio Marfella
1.3 FACADE CONCEPT
Author
Student ID
Michael Minghi Park
921549
OVERALL CONCEPT The building envelope is comprised of a unitised curtain wall to maintain a consistent visual narrative. Our aim was to exaggerate the concept of fluid verticality whilst exhibiting the external structural elements. PASSIVE SYSTEM We employed a passive faรงade system, utilizing a double-skin glazing strategy to facilitate natural ventilation. Passive ventilation is achieved via the vertical flow of air through the floor-to-floor louvres within cavity of the double-skin. The outer-skin is comprised of single-glazed panels which enables heat gain within the cavity of the double-skin faรงade, accelerating the process of passive ventilation. The inner-skin is comprised of double-glazed panels, reducing heat loss and conserving interior thermal comfort. We allocated this glazing strategy on the Northern and Western faรงade which were most exposed to the afternoon sunlight. The double-skin utilises a concealed blind system to provide adjustable shading. There is a 400mm cavity that is accessible via the doors which are situated in alignment with the inner-skin glazing, enabling faรงade maintenance. The outer-skin glazing is positioned 600mm behind the mega-structure to visually accentuate the external framework, accentuating the tectonic aesthetic. GLAZING STRATEGY A double-glazed unitised faรงade system was applied on the South and East facades as they were less susceptible to solar radiation. Both the double and single skin facades are installed at 1500mm modules, optimised for the 4500mm and 9000mm structural grids. 10 Pilkington Active Blue was applied across both the single-glazed outer skin and double-glazed inner skin to ensure visual continuity. The glass was chosen for its high solar performance (38% light performance, and 40% energy performance) which prevents excessive heat from entering the building, reducing the need for active air conditioning. Additionally, it has high daylight transmittance (38% light transmittance) reducing the need for artificial lighting. The single-glazed outer-skin has a U-value of 3.7, SHGC of 0.32 and a VLT of 0.38. The double-glazed interior skin has a U-value of 1.9, SHGC of 0.21 and a VLT of 0.22. 12,8 Pilkington Active Optilam Toughened glass, which has a clear finish, has been implemented for the podium and canopy creating a visual continuity between the tower and the surrounding streets. The glass has a U-value of 5.4, SHGC of 0.76, and VLT of 88%, facilitating undistorted, high clarity views throughout the podium level. The glass was chosen due to its high thermal insulation and impact safety which were appropriate for the podium function and location. Furthermore, the clear finish of the glass allows the podium to integrate seamlessly with the tower, reinforcing the concept of fluid verticality. A two-skinned strategy was implemented for the mechanical floors; the interior skin utilised Louvreclad Jupiter Series Two-stage Aluminium louvre panels which allowed for ventilation and the exterior skin utilised a frameless glass louvre system (ESBA LF550) to maintain visual continuity with the rest of the tower. ACTIVE SYSTEM A series of vertical wind turbine systems were incorporated into the structural core to harvest the updraft wind. The wind intakes were orientated facing Northwest to capture the prevailing winds. SIDE CORE GLAZING A double-glazed unitised panel system was implemented on the side-core glazing. The glass used, 10 Pilkington Optilam, was light grey in colour to create a vivid aesthetic distinction between the side-core and the tower, reinforcing the sense of verticality and accentuating the visual presence of the side-core.
Melbourne School of Design APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Subject Coordinator: Dr Giorgio Marfella
PART 2 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS
Melbourne School of Design APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Subject Coordinator: Dr Giorgio Marfella
PART 3 DETAILED DESIGN DRAWINGS