Landscape Architecture Portfolio XIAOMIN LI APPLY FOR UCL
Contentsďźš 01
Rain garden square
02
Revegetate the barren airport
11-17
03
Metropolitan Symbiosis
18-24
04
Other works
25-27
1-10
Rain garden square
01
Location: Beijing, China Area: 1.04 ha Individual Work Date: 12/2018 Instructor: Hao Hu
Beijing is a city with both drought and flood, located in the north of China.Rainfall in Beijing is concentrated in June, July and August. Water often accumulates on the urban road surface, which would seriously affect the traffic of Beijing. In order to solve the problem of drought and flood in Beijing, several sunken parks will be built in the city, which will make full use of the permeability of soil and permeable pavement to alleviate the problem of rains and floods during the flood season. The site is located near a shopping mall in Zhongguancun, Beijing.Combining with the surrounding environment and people's demand for use, increasing the infiltrated area of the site and expanding people's activity space, a sunken square and low-lying area with large enough activity area are designed to connect the transformed ecological parking lot, so that the roof rainwater and the runoff of the road surface of the shopping mall can be collected from around to the site, alleviating the problem of the surrounding rainwater accumulation, and making use of the elevation difference of the site and rainwater to form a flood season.
1
Beijing sponge city planning “Build a sponge city with natural accumulation, natural infiltration and natural purification.“ In order to build Beijing into a model of livable, dynamic and water-scarce sponge city, government plans to increase water storage space to retain rainwater ,transform hard pavement into permeable pavement for rainwater seepage and extend the confluence path to purify rainwater.
Beijing sponge city planning goals Climate：Dwa
Alititude：51m
℃
mm：610
℃：12.1
mm
100
200
90
180
80
160
70
140
60
120
50
100
40
80
30
60
20
40
10
20
0
0
-10
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May June July
Agu
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Climate data of Beijing Rainfall in Beijing is concentrated in June, July and August. Water often accumulates on the urban road surface, which would seriously affect the traffic of Beijing.
BEIJING
542.7 MM
Mean Annual Precipitation
85% Summer Rainfall
65%
Impervious Area
1.615 billion m3/a Infiltrate or store required
Severe waterlogging during flood season STRATEGY
Sunken Green Space
Permeable Pavement
Green Roof
Grass Swale
Rainwater Pipe Network
Constructive green space River system Constructive functional area Affected range Severe water accumulation point
absorb
70%
Sunken green space of green space on site
≥50%
2
≥70%
20% of the construction area
Moderate water accumulation point Site
Permeable pavement rate
2020
of the rainwater on site
Improve the ability of infiltration
Reduce urban waterlogging
2030
80% absorb
of the construction area
70%
of the rainwater on site
Important link of sponge city project The site is located in Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing.The permeable area of the site is limited, which is not enough to alleviate the problems caused by water accumulation during flood season.Increasing the permeable area of the site to absorb rainwater is one of the important links to achieve the goal of sponge city planning in Beijing.
Internal analysis of site STREAMLINE CAR HUMAN
The streamline connection between parking lot and urban green space is not smooth.
9/:+
GREEEN SPACE Green space accounts for nearly 40% of the site, but there are no plants in the parking lot, and the plants inside the urban green space do not play a good role in landscape.
ACTIVITY AREA The space for activities on the site is very limited.
Analysis of the surrounding environment of the site The site is located in the northwest of zhongguancun, surrounded by office buildings.The east side of the site is adjacent to the shopping mall, and the interior of the site is composed of an all-hard parking lot and urban green space.The main service population of the site is office workers, but the activity space is less than enough to meet the needs of office workers and surrounding residents.
IMPERVIOUS PAVING Impermeable area occupies 60% of the site.The slow infiltration of rainwater in flood season can easily lead to water accumulation around the site and affect traffic.
3
Specific site strategy According to the current situation and restricted conditions of the site, following the sponge city planning of Beijing, specific site strategies are proposed to solve the existing problems of the site and promote the realization of the goal of sponge city of Beijing.
Rainwater infiltration and collection
Permeable Pavement Ecological parking lot Surface runoff
Grass Swale
Sunken Green Space
Absorb
Absorb
Sunken plaza
Trench
Ecological retention pond
Tree pool
Roof rainwater
Evaporation
Landscape water supply
i l t er
Filter Water storage
Absorb
F
Rainwater Pipe Network
Sunken Green Space
Ecological retention pond
Trench
Rainwater Pipe Network
Grass Swale
Tree pool
Sunken plaza for temporary water storage
Permeable Pavement
Provide activity space The main service population of the site is the surrounding office workers.The site provides enough space for sports, sightseeing and leisure through programs such as resting platform, basketball court, fitness facilities and waterside steps.
4
Basketball court
Exercise plaza
Rest platform
Waterside steps
Master Plan
12 13
13
Grass Swale Sunken Green Space Wooden seats Sidewalk Entrance square Barrier-free slope Rest platform Steps Exercise plaza Basketball court Trench Tree pool Waterside steps
14
Ecological retention pond
15
Shadowed terrace Ecological parking lot
1
2
2 3 4 6
5 6
3
7 8 9
15
10 1
11
10
12
4
14
16
11 12
9
2
16
8 7
N
012
5
4
13
2
8M
Section
green Sidewalk Rest area Street Sidewalk Sunken space
Permeable square
Rest area
Sidewalk Woods
Sidewalk
Sinking wetland
Waterside steps
Ecological parking lot
Sidewalk 5
Facilities for flood proofing The site is a part of Beijing sponge city planning to solve the problem of rainwater retention.
N
STREAMLINE
ACTIVITY AREA
Permeable green space
Tank
Drainage pipe
Permeable pavement
Manhole
Water supply pipe
Water storage
Gully
Schematic diagram of water supply and drainage pipe network
GREEEN SPACE
Contrast STREAMLINEďźš In combination with the surrounding environment, the internal road and the surrounding path are connected by open steps and sidewalks.
6
ACTIVITY AREA:
The main activity area includes a sunken sports square and a basketball court, which are large enough to meet people's activity needs.The sunken plaza has the functions of rainwater infiltration and temporary water storage during flood season.
GREEEN SPACE:
Turning the parking lot into an ecological parking lot and increasing the green area of the site have achieved the purpose of increasing the area of rainwater infiltration.
TEMPORARY WATER STORAGY:
The sunken square, sunken green land and ecological retention pool of the site have the function of infiltration. When the rainfall reaches a certain level, the rainwater around the site will be collected, and then the rainwater will slowly infiltrate, which can reduce the water accumulation.
Before
40%
After
80%
Before
10%
After
50%
Before
40%
After
60%
Before
10%
After
40%
TEMPORARY WATER STORAGY
TOPOGRAPHY
Scenario of rainwater absorption
Tree pool Trench Waterside steps
Sunken Green Space Grass Swale
Sidewalk
Ecological retention
Rentention pond
Grass Swale
Basketball court Detention layer
Exercise plaza Tank
Tree pool
Infiltration layer
Activity area
Ecological parking lot
7
Perspective of sunken plaza
Sunny day
Rainwater stored during the rainy season is used for daily landscape water. 8
After the rain
The rain water is temporarily stored in the sunken plaza,slowly infiltrated and stored through permeable pavement,and forms the unque landscape after the rain. 9
Perspective of ecological retention pond
The biodetention pool in the site is open around the perimeter. On sunny days, people can move on the grass steps and the lawn.When it rains, the surrounding rainwater collects in the retention pond, and the water level rises without affecting the passage of the road.
10
Revegetate the barren airport
02 Location: Guangzhou, China Area: 162 ha Group Work Date: 07/2018 Instructor: Hao HuďźŒJingyi Liu
Cencun Airport is a military airport located on the edge of Cencun, Guangzhou. Because of the high development limit of the financial city and other regions, the Guangzhou government coordinated with the air force to relocate the airport. During World War II, the Japanese invaded people's resources and space, and then built Cen Village Airport, which resulted in the continuous compression of space in Cen Village and the occupation of public space by residential buildings. Cencun Airport, which is used for military purposes, restricts the access of people around it. As a result, the population is concentrated in the villages in the city. The land of Cencun is squeezed and the public space of people is extremely compressed. Due to the clearance of the airport, the birds were expelled, which also split the migration path of migratory birds "South China Botanical Garden - Furnace Hill - Tianhe Park". From the point of view of human and bird, from isolation to introduction, the bare airport was transformed into a park to meet human activities and provide bird habitat, reorganizing the relationship between human and bird.
11
Isolation
The site is located in the west of cen village,Guangzhou. It was originally built and used by the Japanese armyďźŒ occupying the land of farmers. Later, it was changed into a military training base.The military airport restricted the access of surrounding residents, and are in a state of "isolation".
2/ of East Asian Australian flyways 3 across Guangdong 35
Site
Winter migratory birds
8
Summer migratory birds
13
Passing migratory birds
Water Roads School Ecoregion Residence
Site Anaylsis Need to enrich the site function, improve inconvenient transportation and develop public space.
SITE Migration area
East Asian Australian Flyway Fence Roads Impassable Roads
Function division
Opportunities:
Transportation
Population density
No entry
Increasing population density
Simple functional partitioning 12
Detour
Squeezed space
Guangdong is an important resting point for migratory birds. Two-thirds of east Asia-Australia migration tracks cross guangdong. Guangzhou needs to build enough bird habitats to ensure the smooth migration of migratory birds and the non-interference of resident birds.In order to ensure flight safety, the vegetation of cencun airport is mainly sod planting to prevent birds from passing by, and birds will be isolated by means of artificial driving and spraying medicine.Cencun airport clearance area reached 123600ha, affecting the surrounding bird habitat.According to the government planning, Cencun airport relocation, the original site will be abandoned. It is particularly important to renovate the site to break the status quo of "isolating birds" and connect the urban green corridor of "huashan forest park -- tianhe park", so as to restore the site ecology.
Proposal: transform to city park We seize the opportunity of bird migration, and propose to transform the airport to a city park, restore the site ecology, so as to meet the requirements of migratory birds to stay and forage, and create a better environment for the surrounding win-win situation.The site was activated and divided into bird protection area, human activity area and buffer area.
Bird migration
Negative impact
Bird habitat & sanctuary
Optimize the surrounding environment
Open city park
on the surrounding environment
Abandoned airport
Activity area
Buffer area
HOW: break and activate
Take birds as the entry point, activate the site, and break the status quo of human and bird isolation.The three zones coordinate with each other, meet the needs of different service objects functionally, reduce the interference between humans and birds, and provide space for the interaction between humans and birds, and finally achieve the purpose of repairing the site's own problems and optimizing the surrounding environment.The following programs are listed for this purpose.
Forest
Lawn
Sports Area
Playground
Riverside
Underwood
Lake
River
Grasshill
Camping Lawn
Viewing Terrace
Viewing Tower
Bird Museum
Bird Plaza
tory
y his
histor
tory
y his
histor
Tidal Area
Habitat type
Wetland
Urban Farmland
Activity
MUSEUM
tory
y his
histor
tory
y his
histor
Memorial Place
Interaction 13
Design: form a new spatial structure Combined with the analysis results of the site and the surrounding constraints, the functional zoning was implemented into the specific site to form a new spatial structure.
Retain part of the runway to form the main axis
Bird habitat & sanctuary is established near the water system
The activity area is close to Cencun, providing enough open public space for the surrounding residents
Forest belts are used to divide active areas and bird habitat & sanctuary areas to form buffer area
Forming a new spatial structure
Combination of habitat typesอน Through the combination of simple habitat type program into a rich environment,the diversity of habitat types can be guaranteed to meet the foraging, roosting and breeding needs of different birds.
Barred Owlet
Shurb
Sparse woodland
Lawn
Lesser Coucal
Greater Coucal
Common Kestrel
Forest Black-winged Kite
Shurb
Common Buzzard
Streamlet
Black-eared Kite
Greater Spotted Eagle
Lawn Black Baza
Forest
Lake
Mallard
Chestnut Bulbul
Collared Scops
Lawn Tidal zone 14
Crested Serpent-Eagle
River
Collared Finchbill
Master Plan
0
150 50
1 Entrance Plaza 4 River Step 7 Skatepark 10 Airplane Museum 13 Bird Museum 16 Landscape Gallery
300M 2 Memorial Place 5 Theater 8 Sports Park 11 Grasshill 14 Pool
3 Rain Garden 6 Camping Lawn 9 Service Center 12 Green Corridor 15 Ecological Wetland 15
Divisional Scenario Bird habitat & sanctuary
Bird habitat & sanctuary
Human activities
Human activities
Fauna
Fauna Barred Owlet
Greater Coucal
Black-winged Kite
Mallard
Common Buzzard
Crested Serpent-Eagle
Myrtle
Reed
Witch hazel
Camphor
Scenario
16
Black Baza
Collared Scops
Chestnut Bulbul
Cedar
Calamus
Flowering crabapple
Butterfly orchid
Greater Spotted Eagle
Flora
Flora
Perspective
Black-eared Kite
Zelkovas
Dawn Redwood
Sce enario
.[SGT
.[SGT
,G[TG
,G[TG
,RUXG
,RUXG
Perspective rspective
Liriodendron Chinese
Lesser Coucal
Activity area
Buffer area
Human activities
Human activities
Fauna
Fauna Common Kestrel
Collared Finchbill
White-capped Redstart
Collared Finchbill
Spotted Dove
Flora
Flora Eucalypt
Hackberry
Camuning
Pink
Scenario
P Perspective ti
Plumbeous Water-redstart
Camellia
(OYINULOG 6UR_IGXVG
Forsythia
Day lily
Sce enario
.[SGT
.[SGT
,G[TG
,G[TG
,RUXG
,RUXG
Perspective ti
17
Metropolitan Symbiosis
03
Location: Sao Paulo, Brazil Area: 1668 ha Individual Work Date: 08/2018 Instructor: Hao Hu
Unlike most other cities, a considerable part of Sao Paulo's central area is occupied by industrial zones and scattered with slums. With the establishment of industrial zones and the emergence of railways, traffic dominated the urban form of Sao Paulo. The Tamanduatei River has gradually changed from a natural form to a rigid River to adapt to the development of the city. Frequent rainfall, rigid rivers and lack of greening made the central area of Sao Paulo a serious problem of rains and floods, affecting a very large area. In order to solve the problem of rain and flood in the central area of Sao Paulo from the planning level, the design made full use of the available land of the city, established social housing and green buffer zone and improved the green infrastructure of residential areas, at the same time solving the problem of rain and flood, providing people with a variety of places of activity and alleviating the pressure of urban housing.
18
“High Urbanization and Heavy Rainfall”
——Sao Paulo
Hydrological Infographic
Hydrological and green systems Green space is mainly distributed on the edge of Sao Paulo, with little greenery and concentrated tributaries of the river in the centre.
Percipitation Frequency
Partition
Mooca Cambuci
Henry Ford
+
Pq da Mooca
Ipiranga
Vila Carioca Percipitation
Municipal park State Park
History
High population density • Population Density：8,959.27/km 2 • Urban Population：13,106,920 Person
National Park Before the middle of 19th century
The hardening of river and the presence of industrial zones have led to severe flooding and water pollution.
Natural Waterscape
Settlements were developed along the river and the population grew rapidly 1850
Flood areas expanded
1897 Channel hardening
Severe flooding
1860
Average precipitation days
Average precipitation
Daily average temperature
-2018 The river bank was occupied by railways and factories.
High frequency rainfall and high rainfall The average monthly precipitation in Sao Paulo is about 121ml per month, the average monthly rainfall days are about 11 days, the average monthly temperature is about 20 degrees, and the average annual precipitation is about 1452ml. Therefore, excessive rainfall often occurs, leading to the burst of DAMS and frequent floods. 19
Site Analysis The problem of rain and flood on both sides of the river and the lack of residential areas with the increase of population are urgent problems to be solved.
There are a large number of industrial areas in the central area, the industrial structure is too simple.
Alluvial plain Flooding area <718m 718-722m 722-724m 724-730m 730-734m
River
734-745m
Existing blocks Railways Municipal bus lines
745-750m 750-780m
The building type is too single and lacks open space for carrying people.
780-800m
Bridges and viaducts
800-830m
Transpodic level
Terrain And Hydrological Information
Traffic Information
There is severe flooding in lower terrain.
The main traffic is mainly distributed along both sides of the river.
Residential areas are mostly concentrated in the Ipiranga area.
Land Use Residential low standard Residential horizontal medium standard
20
Public Utilities
Trade and service
Schools
Industry and warehouses
Others
Residential+Trade/service+Industry/warehouses
From 130 to 200 people / ha Green space
From 100 to 130 people / ha
Building
From 80 to 100 people / ha
Existing Green Space Large areas of green space are mostly scattered in suburban areas.
Population density The population density on both sides of the river is higher than elsewhere.
Concept The land use and traffic of the site are all affected by the river. The diversion of the river is taken as the entry point to increase the green area, soften the hard river channel and re-plan the land use of the site, so as to reduce the flood area and frequency and increase social housing.
River diversion
Roads connection
New space
Social housing & sercivices
Buffer zone
Divert the river under the road to the open space, and put new functions into the original channel space
Connect roads on both sides of the river and reorganize traffic
Create new space and activate vacant and abandoned land
Build up social housing and community services
The buffer zone is built to collect rainwater through green infrastructure
Original river form
Flooding area
Strategy Original condition
Location
Operation
Original condition
Operation
Location
+
+ +
+ Hard channel
Diversion
Broaden
Open space
Social housing
Green space
+ + Existing traffic
Connection
Increase bicycle lane
++ Favela
All remove
Partially remove
+ + Habitat
Green roof
Grassed swales
Existing factory
All remove
Partially remove 21
Design Process Existing problems
Land use planning
Design program Place new programs into the site according to the planning of land use.
Replan the type of land according to the existing problems of the site.
RIver space Pavement
Wetland Park
Changing Stairs
Sinking Theater
Green Space
Rain flood Residential area Activity area Centralized factories
Green space
Abandoned land
Residential area
Sports Land
Activity area Green space Favela
Centralized factories
Green space
Factory Rain flood Industry and warehouses Trade and service Abandoned factories
22
Abandoned land Favela
Limited green space
Ecological community
Ordinary square
â&#x20AC;&#x153;[ ]â&#x20AC;?- shaped
Gather to the center
Master Plan
5 1
2
Green Space Usable Land Industry Residential Area Other
4
3
Existing Condition
N
6
18 4 7 20
Planed Social Housing Green Space Usable Land Industry Residential Area Other
8 12
0 100 50 200
400
4
700M
9 13 14
10 11
Phase 1
15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Tamanduatei River The Bridge Park Community Park Social Housing Community Management Centre Green Space River Platform Service Center Creative Market Exhibition Hall Office Building Skateboard park Football Field Basketball Court Ecological Buffer Retention Pond Wetland Linear Park Library Planned Roads
16
17
Planed Social Housing Green Space Usable Land Industry Residential Area Other
Phase 2
23
Divisional Scenario
F
N C 0 100 50
300 200
700m
E
B A
A. Community Park
B. Residential District
C. Green Space
D. Sports Park
E. Ecological Buffer
F. Social housing
The river diverted from under the road to the open ground.The space of the original river is used to connect the residential areas on both sides of the road, where people can conduct activities inside.
Some factories were demolished and vacant land was used to build sports fields and community service facilities to meet the needs of the surrounding residents. 24
D
Many green infrastructure such as grass ditches and green roofs have been added inside the residential area
Factories and favelas were demolished and converted into large green areas as buffer zones through which rainwater collected and slowly seeped down.
Dismantle the factory, construct the urban green space, and provide diversified activity space.
Some favelas were demolished for stormwater management, and some favelas residents will be transferred to social housing.
Other Work
04
Select relatively complete competition works and assignments in school and integrat them into the portfolio.
25
Garden Cup Plant Landscape Design Competition Silver Award Date：02/2018 Instructor: Yan Hai 26
Investigation and analysis of urban road green space Date：06/2018 Instructor: Tang Huichao
Linan north district urban design Dateďź&#x161;11/2017 Instructor: Xu Wenhui 27