The Scoop Online - May 2017 by Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association

Urban Soil Assessment Methods

Also Inside

How Movie Scripts Help Close Sales

I Love Yew Thinking vs. Doing Japanese Knotweed

COMMUNITY CONNECTIONS With Member Profile, Networking News, Out & About, and the new Volunteer Voices

Vol: 40 No: 5 May 2017 T H E O F F I C I A L P U B L I C AT I O N O F T H E M I N N E S O TA N U R S E R Y & L A N D S C A P E A S S O C I AT I O N

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Volume 40 No. 5 May 2017

CONTENTS MEMBERSHIP

BUSINESS CONNECTIONS

MNLA is the catalyst to help members and related professionals build business opportunities, foster industry camaraderie, and provide a fun atmosphere.

MNLA is an association that green industry companies aspire to join because it represents professionalism and prestige, and provides a competitive business edge through education, government affairs, access to information, business connections, and leadership development.

LEADERSHIP

MNLA is an association whose governing and operating structures are nimble and agile enough to seize opportunities and respond to challenges in a timely fashion.

GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS

STRATEGIC SNAPSHOT

MNLA’s government affairs program protects and advances the interests of MNLA’s members.

2017-2020

INFORMATION, MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS MNLA is a critical hub for members to access vital and unique information, expanding their professional knowledge.

EDUCATION

MNLA offers educational opportunities for members to enhance their business acumen through an agile and progressive educational program decision-making process.

IN THIS ISSUE 8

Events

10 A New Strategic Plan President Roerick shares some of the foundation for MNLA’s strategic initiatives. Strategic Pinwheel 2017-3.indd 1

17 I Love Yew Faith Appelquist considers the many reasons for affection toward this conifer.     

22 Urban Soil Assessment and Reuse, Part II James Urban explains the methods we can use to gain the information we need about urban soils.  

27 Dissecting Movie Scripts Can Help You Close Sales If you don’t find out the inciting incident that brings a prospect to your business, you’ll struggle to establish trust. 

31 Can Japanese Knotwood Reproduce by Seed in MN? Jim Calkins explores this question and its implications for invasiveness in this Research for the Real World column.   

42 OSHA’s Crystalline Silica Rule: Construction Landscapers need to ensure compliance with new standards that protect from exposure to respirable crystalline silica. 

59 8 Steps to Overcoming Inertia Prevent the paralyzing power of inertia from thwarting your green industry business plans.   Landscape & Hardscape Install & Design  Garden Services & Landscape Management  Garden Centers  Growers: Nursery & Greenhouse  Irrigation & Water Management  Arborists & Tree Services  All

4/11/2017 9:31:06 AM

14 Member Profile Plants Beautiful Nursery 20 Out & About MNLA staff enjoys visiting with members at our industry’s supplier shows. 48 Volunteer Voices: Mark Rehder This new series highlights the meaningful contributions volunteers make to the MNLA community. 51 Thinking vs. Doing: The Owner’s Dilemma Steve Wilcox points out the difference between continuous improvement and creating the future. 54 The Impact of Temperature on Herbicide Activity Research results from HRI prove valuable for landscape managers. 64 Networking News 67 Green Industry Leadership Institute Congratulations to the graduates from the 2016 class! The Scoop, May 2017, Issue 5, is issued monthly, 12 times per year. All original works, articles or formats published in The Scoop are © Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association, 2017, and may not be used without written permission of MNLA, 1813 Lexington Ave N., Roseville, MN 55113. Subscription price is $99 for one year, which is included with member dues. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Scoop, MNLA, 1813 Lexington Ave N., Roseville, MN 55113. Editorial Contributions. You are invited to share your expertise and perspective. Article ideas and manuscripts should, whenever possible, reflect real and specific experiences. When submitting an article, please contact the publisher at jon@mnla.biz or 651-633-4987. MNLA reserves the right to edit all Scoop content.

may 17

MNLA .biz

AD LIST MINNESOTA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION Successful Businesses Grow Here!

1813 Lexington Ave. N. Roseville, MN 55113 651-633-4987 • Fax: 651-633-4986 Outside the metro area, toll free: 888-886-MNLA, Fax: 888-266-4986 www.MNLA.biz • www.NorthernGreen.org

A Top Notch Equipment ................................................................................... 16 Arborjet ............................................................................................................ 32 Bachman’s Wholesale Nursery & Hardscapes .................................................. 11 Borgert Products, Inc. ....................................................................................... 40 Bullis Insurance Agency .................................................................................... 32

MISSION: The mission of the Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association is to help members grow successful businesses.

Carlin Horticultural Supplies/ProGreen Plus ..................................................... 46

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

County Materials Corporation .......................................................................... 23

Central Landscape Supply 320-252-1601 • hermanr@centrallandscape.com

Cushman Motor Co. Inc ................................................................................... 61

herman roerick, president

scott frampton, vice-president

Landscape Renovations 651-769-0010 • sframpton@landscaperenovations.com

tim malooly, cid, clia, cic, secretary-treasurer

Central Landscape Supply ................................................................................ 32

Edney Distributing Co., Inc. ............................................................................. 55 Ferguson Waterworks ....................................................................................... 57 Fury Motors ...................................................................................................... 65

Water in Motion 763-559-7771 • timm@watermotion.com

Gertens Wholesale & Professional Turf Supply .................................................. 2

randy berg, mnla-cp

GM Fleet and Commercial ................................................................................. 3

Berg’s Nursery, Landscape/Garden Center 507-433-2823 • randy@bergsnursery.com

Gopher State One-Call ..................................................................................... 55

matt mallas

Haag Companies, Inc. ...................................................................................... 30

Hedberg Supply 763-512-2849 • mmallas@hedbergaggregates.com

mike mcnamara

Hoffman & McNamara Nursery & Landscaping 651-437-9463 • mike.mcnamara@hoffmanandmcnamara.com

john o'reilly

Otten Bros. Garden Center and Landscaping 952-473-5425 • j.oreilly@ottenbros.com

jeff pilla, mnla-cp

Bachman’s, Inc. 612-861-7600 • jpilla@bachmans.com

nick sargent

Sargent’s Landscape Nursery, Inc. 507-289-0022 • njsargent@sargentsgardens.com

cassie larson, cae

MNLA Executive Director 651-633-4987 • cassie@mnla.biz

executive director:

Cassie Larson, CAE • cassie@mnla.biz

membership director & trade show manager:

Mary Dunn, CEM • mary@mnla.biz communications dir.: Jon Horsman, CAE • jon@mnla.biz education/cert. manager: Susan Flynn • susan@mnla.biz Government Affairs Dir.: Alicia Munson • alicia@mnla.biz

regulatory affairs manager: Jim Calkins • jim@mnla.biz administrative asst.: Gayle Anderson • gayle@mnla.biz accountant: Kris Peterson • kris@mnla.biz foundation program coordinator: Paulette Sorenson • paulette@mnla.biz

advertising sales: 952-934-2891 / 763-295-5420

Faith Jensen, Advertising Rep • faith@pierreproductions.com Betsy Pierre, Advertising Mgr • betsy@pierreproductions.com legislative affairs consultant: Doug Carnival MNLA .biz

Hedberg Landscape & Masonry Supplies .......................................................... 4 Hiway Federal Credit Union ............................................................................. 66 Jeff Belzer Chevrolet .................................................................................. 36–37 Landscape Alternatives Inc. .............................................................................. 41 Maguire Agency ............................................................................................... 16 Midwest Transmission Center / DBA Clutch & U-joint Proven Force ............... 41 Out Back Nursery ............................................................................................. 46 Plaisted Companies ............................................................................................ 7 Prairie Restorations, Inc. ................................................................................... 16 RDO Equipment Co. ........................................................................................ 23 Resultants for Business, Inc. (RFB) .................................................................... 61

STAFF DIRECTORY

Volume 40 No. 5 May 2017

➾ G OS C

may 17

Rock Hard Landscape Supply ........................................................................... 57 S & S Tree and Horticultural Specialists ............................................................ 50 Snowfighters Institute ....................................................................................... 50 The Tessman Company .................................................................................... 58 Tri-State Bobcat, Inc. ............................................................................ 18, 44, 62 Truck Utilities, Inc. ............................................................................................. 16 Unilock ............................................................................................................. 47 Versa-Lok Midwest ..................................................................................... 26, 52 Wheeler Landscape Supply .............................................................................. 60 Xcel Energy ...................................................................................................... 25 Ziegler CAT ......................................................................................... Back Cover

➾ C ALE N DAR

MNLA Event

JUN15 ➾

MNLA AND MTGF PROFESSIONAL LAWN CARE WORKSHOP

➾

CULTIVATE 17

TROE Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul

Columbus, OH

MNLA.biz

Cultivate17.org

This outdoor event takes place at the Minnesota Turfgrass Research, Outreach and Education Center — approximately 10 acres of turfgrass research. See first-hand what is new in turfgrass research, and learn about the emerging trends in lawn care.

Cultivate is the premier national event for horticulture professionals.

MNLA Event

AUG3 ➾

GARDEN CENTER TOUR MNLA.biz MNLA’s annual tour features a tour of several garden center locations. It’s great fun to network with peers and take away great ideas to implement at your own garden center location.

MNLA .biz

may 17

JUL 15–18

➾

AUG9 LANDSCAPE DESIGN TOUR MNLA.biz Join us as we travel by coach bus and tour several amazing landscapes designed by our own MNLA members. It’s sure to inspire you!

2017 MNLA seminars generously supported by:

SALES • SERVICE • RENTALS • PARTS

MNLA Event

JUL25

JUL18 ➾

MNLA FOUNDATION GARDEN TOUR AND PARTY

➾

MNLA FOUNDATION WIDMER GOLF TOURNAMENT Phalen Golf Course, St. Paul

Noerenberg Gardens and Excelsior Brewing Company

MNLA.biz Join your fellow Hackers for Horticulture at the 27th Annual Widmer Golf Tournament. Proceeds benefit the MNLA Foundation Research Fund.

MNLA.biz This year’s event includes a historic garden, a visit from the Bee Squad, and a networking party at a local brewery.

MNLA Event

MNLA.biz We want to celebrate our awesome members with a full day of fun. Stop by the MNLA Office in the morning for donuts and in the afternoon for ice cream. Then, join us for an evening at CHS Field in St. Paul to watch the Saint Paul Saints take on the Wichita Wingnuts.

BAILEY NURSERIES SUMMER EXPO Bailey Nurseries Nord Farm Baileynurseries.com See the MN Greenhouse Production Facility, retail displays, and Collections Gardens; go on tours; hear talks; and eat a tasty lunch.

MNLA Event

AUG23 MEMBER APPRECIATION DAY

JUL27

SEPT20

AUG23 ➾

SAINTS GAME

➾

MNLA.biz

Minnesota Horse & Hunt Club, Prior Lake

3rd Annual MNLA Night at the Saints Game. We have reserved the Star Tribune Skybox for our group — Includes dinner and a reserved seat ticket.

MNLA.biz

Sponsors: KEY:

Event Education

➾

All information on these and other industry events are online at MNLA.biz.

MNLA FOUNDATION SHOOTOUT

Don’t miss this annual sporting clays charity event that raises money for scholarships! The course runs at a beginner’s level — the focus is on fun. Proceeds benefit the MNLA Foundation Scholarship Fund.

may 17

MNLA .biz

➾ F R OM THE PRESIDEN T

Dear MNLA Members, It is exciting for me to be able to share with you the Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association (MNLA)’s new Strategic Plan approved this month by the Board of Directors.

Herman Roerick

Central Landscape Supply

This guiding document, which grounds our future work, is the result of a year-long effort by the Board and staff, with broad input and feedback from across the membership. Leadership delved deeply into industry trends, and changing demographics, as well as member survey data and in-depth member interviews to support the creation of the plan. The outcome is based on member expressed needs. Our focus was always on the MNLA members and the association’s role to help you operate your businesses more successfully. The first result of these discussions was a re-affirmation that the MNLA mission and core tenets are still highly relevant and will remain as follows: The mission of the Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association is to help members grow successful businesses. 1. Education that will improve the professionalism of individuals, the profitability of member companies, and the development of a dynamic future workforce. 2. Government affairs involvement to protect and advance the collective interests of members.

MNLA will implement activities to fulfill our mission through a dynamic work plan organized around the six core tenets listed above. To find out more, see the Strategic Snapshot on page 12 of this issue as well as an Executive Summary of key initiatives on pages 12–13. As your champion and advocate, MNLA has made great strides in raising awareness of the value and impact of the green industry, and we will continue to amplify our efforts to ensure the survival and growth of our members and in turn our membership. This field has always been one of passion and excitement. We believe the new strategic plan that has been charted will help propel us toward exciting new goals and ensures a solid future for the organization — both in leadership and resources. And now, it is May, and the industry is ready, so here we go…best wishes for a prosperous season! Sincerely, Herman Roerick MNLA President

3. Business connections and networking that foster camaraderie and commerce. 4. Unique knowledge and timely information which positions members a step ahead of the competition. 5. Standards of excellence which encourage environmentally responsible business operations and ethical business practices. 6. Support the mission of the MNLA Foundation.

MNLA .biz

may 17

HERMAN ROERICK can be reached at: hermanr@centrallandscape.com.

➾ F R OM THE PRESIDEN T

MNLA STRATEGIC PLAN Executive Summary 2017–2020

MEMBERSHIP

BUSINESS CONNECTIONS

MNLA is the catalyst to help members and related professionals build business opportunities, foster industry camaraderie, and provide a fun atmosphere. BUSINESS CONNECTIONS

MNLA is an association that green industry companies aspire to join because it represents professionalism and prestige, and provides a competitive business edge MEMBERSHIP MNLA is an association that green through education, industry companies aspire to join because government affairs, it represents professionalism and prestige, access to information, and provides a competitive business edge business connections, through education, and leadership government affairs, access to information, development.

MNLA is the catalyst to help members and related professionals build business opportunities, foster industry camaraderie, and provide a fun atmosphere.

business connections, and leadership development.

LEADERSHIP

MNLA is an association LEADERSHIP whose governing and MNLA is an association operating structures are whose governing and operating structures are nimble and agile nimble and agile enough to seize enough to seize opportunities opportunities and respond to and respond to challenges in a challenges in a timely fashion. timely fashion.

GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT

STRATEGIC STRATEGIC SNAPSHOT SNAPSHOT

MNLA’s government AFFAIRS affairs MNLA’sprogram government affairs program protects and protects advances theand advances the interests of MNLA’s interests of MNLA’s members. members.

2017-2020

INFORMATION,

INFORMATION, MARKETING & MARKETINGCOMMUNICATIONS & MNLA is a critical hub for COMMUNICATIONS members to access vital and

EDUCATION

MNLA offers EDUCATION

educational opportunities MNLA offers for members to enhance their educational opportunities business acumen through an agile for members to enhance theirprogram and progressive educational MNLA is a critical hub for information, expanding unique business acumen through an agileprocess. decision-making members to access vital theirand professional knowledge. and progressive educational program unique information, expanding decision-making process. their professional knowledge. © Copyright MNLA 2017

LEADERSHIP: MNLA is an association whose governing and operating structures are nimble and agile enough to seize opportunities and respond to challenges in a timely fashion.

• Establish additional Task Forces, when appropriate, to work on time-limited and project-specific issues to offer further opportunities for member volunteer service, input, and involvement.

KEY POINTS:

• Continue grassroots input via industry segment networking groups and task team/town hall meetings.

• Maintain the existing seven committees: Board Development; Education and Certification; Government Affairs; Membership; Networking; Communications and Technology; and Trade Show. Explore the potential to expand the committee structure by a maximum of two new standing committees that are issue-focused or defined by knowledge areas such as water use, etc. 12

Strategic Pinwheel 2017-3.indd 1

MNLA .biz

may 17

• Identify opportunities to build more formal leadership development pathways for members. • Balance desired level of member involvement with the timing of their business cycles and their limited available time for volunteer activities.

• Maintain a rigorous ©Board member Copyright MNLA 2017 screening process.

EDUCATION: MNLA offers educational opportunities for members to enhance their business acumen through an agile and progressive educational program decision-making process. KEY POINTS: • MNLA to assess feasibility of, assemble, and implement a long-term plan to furnish industry workforce development including: • Offer specialized educational/trade show events for niche markets. 4/11/2017 9:31:06 AM

➾ S E CT I O N TITLE • Develop and offer specialized educational programs on topics including human resource management, succession planning, and other critical business issues.

• Explore opportunities to collaborate with other organizations to offer education, training and resources focusing on critical issues impacting small businesses. Initial groups to consider include SCORE, the Small Business Development Centers, and the Minnesota Chapter of the Society for Human Resource Management. • Re-evaluate the Certification program to focus on developing individual skills to improve member businesses, not just individual knowledge of horticultural topics. Certification could be re-focused to better reflect necessary skills to move along career pathways and build businessrelated skills. • Create targeted opportunities to expose member employees to the benefits and value of MNLA including pathways for career training, certification, and volunteer opportunities.

GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS: MNLA’s government affairs program protects and advances the interests of MNLA’s members. KEY POINTS: • Be a prominent resource for lawmakers on environmental, agricultural, construction, and small business issues. • Take a proactive role in shaping the narrative on critical public policy issues, improve public understanding, and effectively express MNLA member concerns about issues being discussed. • Improve communication and create venues for members to interact with association leaders on government affairs. • Continue to grow the association’s capacity to influence regulations affecting members. • Build coalitions with other like-minded organizations to amplify the MNLA message and share resources to impact public policy. • Develop a well-thought out grassroots outreach program to provide members with effective skills to bring forward MNLA positions and more effectively influence public policy at all levels of government. • Utilize social media and other technology to engage with interested parties and provide short snippets of information on key public policy issues.

BUSINESS CONNECTIONS: MNLA is the catalyst to help members and related professionals build business opportunities, foster industry camaraderie, and provide a fun atmosphere. KEY POINTS: • Continue to emphasize small groups as the cornerstone for business connections and to encourage CEO-level networking. • Reformat networking opportunities to focus on multi-purpose meetings designed to link committee/task force activities with social networking events. • Utilize short-term Task Forces to engage members on important initiatives. • Establish a Mentoring program to enhance member development and build deeper connections among members.

MEMBERSHIP: MNLA is an association that green industry companies aspire to join because it represents professionalism and prestige, and provides a competitive business edge through education, government affairs, access to information, business connections, and leadership development. KEY POINTS: • Incorporate best practices into all areas of MNLA enterprise operation, leadership, and programming. • Demonstrate the value of membership in MNLA through offering high quality programs, effective governmental affairs efforts, and by capturing member testimonials. • Continue to enhance member professionalism and prestige by using a clear set of standards/expectations for being a member. • Identify opportunities to build a strong MNLA community in which members take pride in being part of something bigger than their own enterprise. • Explore opportunities to promote the Green Industry Leadership Institute (GILI) program to members and their employees through exposure at MNLA events and in all communication vehicles. • Develop a GILI Alumni group to provide a next step of engagement for graduates of the program in order to continue to develop their leadership skills, deepen their long-term relationship with MNLA, and build relationships with each other. This will be done by involving them in key committee and task force activities or a special project.

• Develop a GILI phase 2 program both for GILI alumni and for those wishing to explore an alternate, lower cost leadership model. • Collaborate with the MNLA Foundation to support their efforts to promote careers in the green industry and support other identified activities such as collaborating with organizations focused on young people involved in agriculture-related groups such as 4-H and Future Farmers of America.

INFORMATION, MARKETING AND COMMUNICATIONS: MNLA is a critical hub for members to access vital and unique information, expanding their professional knowledge. KEY POINTS: • Provide access to vital information that MNLA members can rely on in areas including business trends; industry analytics; pertinent research results; and regulatory compliance. • Be a critical information hub for members to access marketing expertise, tools, and techniques designed to enhance their business success. • Provide vital and unique knowledge through online resources via a clear and easy to navigate members-only website portal. • Provide members with research and insight on changing consumer trends and how to better utilize emerging communications tools to reach their customers. • Consistently review and analyze member communication approaches to ensure resources are timely, succinct, and relevant. • Enhance MNLA’s social media presence to take advantage of the wider range of options including LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter, as well as use of memes, video, podcasting, and other emerging tools or techniques. • Evaluate the potential to develop an outreach program to Millennials to assist in building member insight and understanding of this new group of consumers. • Continue to serve as a conduit to members about key environmental stewardship to lead the dialogue on evolving opportunities and in how they conduct their business operations.

may 17

MNLA .biz

➾ ME MBER PROFILE

MEMBER PROFILE PLAN TS B EAUTI FUL N UR SERY

Katie Mills Giorgio

Photos courtesy of Plants Beautiful Nursery Above: Four generations of Dittberners on the family farm: (L–R) Ralph (founder of Plants Beautiful Nursery), Forest (with his children), and Lowell.

Plants Beautiful Nursery was founded in 1967 by Ralph Dittberner, current owner Lowell Dittberner’s father. The nursery is made up of two farms on about 250 acres in Parkers Prairie, Minnesota. The White Oaks farm — where most of the company’s nursery stock is harvested from — has been in the family for over 70 years. Five generations of Dittberners have lived in the old farm house on the property. “My grandfather named the farm after the 200-year-old oak trees that grow along the edge of the prairie here,” Lowell said. Today, Lowell, his son, Forest, and their families are the managers of the two properties on which they grow their trees. “This is truly a small family business,” Lowell said. “Now my granddaughter and grandsons are out there helping us prune.”

C OM PAN Y SN APSHO T

Company Name: Plants Beautiful Nursery Owner: Lowell and Forrest Dittberner Date Company started: 1967 Location: Parkers Prairie, MN Number of Employees in Peak Season: 5 Areas Served: Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Missouri and Colorado Member Category: Nursery Grower Website: www.plantsbeautifulnursery.com

MNLA .biz

may 17

As they get ready to celebrate the company’s 50th anniversary, Dittberner enjoys reflecting on how they got their start. “In 1967 I helped my dad plant trees while my grandfather drove the tractor. We planted something like 10,000 trees in a day. But it wasn’t until 1976 that we sold anything. I went to horticulture school at the University of Minnesota because I enjoyed working with the trees and when my wife and I got married in 1977 we moved here to the farm. You can’t really run this business without being here.” Primarily working through a network of landscapers across the Midwest, Plants Beautiful Nursery supplies large evergreens, shade trees and topiary trees — often in the 12- to 20foot tall range — to green industry clients looking to add shade, privacy or windbreaks to homeowner property, as well as to parks, golf courses, hotels and more. Q. Lowell, thank you for making time to talk with The Scoop. Can you tell us what makes Plants Beautiful unique? A. Well, we like to say we have been growing trees to beautify our world since 1967 in this

Getting a good quality tree out to the customer is always important. But we also want to be mindful of the environment and what we are doing.

New sign off Highway 29 with one of the large Topiary trees they sell. unique setting. It is all corn fields and bean fields around us. There’s a lake on one of our properties. It’s beautiful scenery. And we don’t sell just two- and three-foot trees. I actually plant two- and three-foot trees in the field here. About 30 years ago we started planting bigger plants with more developed root systems. Now we are most commonly selling six-foot evergreen trees, which are hard to keep in inventory, or a shade tree that is two, twoand-a-half or three inches thick. We also sell large topiary trees that my son, who has really been involved in this business for most of his life, developed. Forest started working on bonsai trees and realized you could do it on a larger scale, taking eight- and ten-foot-trees that he would sculpt. So we have been doing topiary trees for about 22 years now. It’s a living statue that you prune once a year by the Fourth of July. We have sold a lot of them on the east coast. We have them numbered and displayed on our website so customers can look at them there. Q. It sounds like a lot has changed over the years. Tell us about that.

A new field of shade trees in the fall.

A. As a grower who has been around for fifty years, there are some major changes that we have seen both in how we grow and how the climate has changed. When we are digging trees now we have it down to a science. We have really become more efficient. In the 70s and 80s we started digging our trees with shovels. By 1977 we already had acquired digging machines and we were digging bigger trees, so by about 1985 the shovels were hung up.

13 years or so we have been mowing with a special mower my son has customized. It mows down between rows of trees and in the row of the tree at the same time. Plus, we are growing a cover crop of alfalfa which is more environmentally friendly and is putting nitrogen in our soil. So there really have been quite a lot of changes in how to deal with weeds and how to grow these trees over 50 years.

Irrigation has also been a big change for us. We never needed to irrigate in the past unless we had a drought. From 2003 to 2006 we didn’t plant a thing because it was so dry here. We didn’t know if this was going to work anymore. But in 2006 we started doing drip irrigation and that is how one hundred percent of the nursery stock is grown now. That was a big expense but in the long run it is more cost effective to be able to irrigate any part of our field in this way.

A. We are one of the only growers doing this in the Midwest. We can ball and burlap up to a 24-foot evergreen tree which we do with a 72-inch spade. The smallest we dig up now is a three-foot-tree and really we hardly ever do that anymore. About ten years ago we were seeing all these baby boomers buying lake homes or retirement homes. Because baby boomers are older, it didn’t seem to make sense to put in a three- or five-foot tree on their property. I, speaking as a baby boomer, wouldn’t plant anything smaller than a six-foot tree in my yard because otherwise you never can appreciate it.

And we have gone from my grandfather cultivating trees in the early years, to using herbicides, back to cultivating because herbicides didn’t work and now in the last

Q. What makes Plants Beautiful distinct among the competition?

(continued on page 67)

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BRIAN FERGASON, CPCU 651.635.2781 612.247.7346 Cell bfergason@maguireagency.com www.maguireagency.com 1970 Oakcrest Avenue, Suite 300 Roseville, MN 55113

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I LOVE YEW

Yews (taxus spp.) are conifers and range from spreading ground covers to various-sized trees and shrubs.

Faith Appelquist | Tree Quality

may 17

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➾ YE W

(Above): Japanese Upright Yew (Taxus cuspidate Capitata). (Right Top): Mature yew at the Arnold Arboretum in Boston. (Right Middle): Yews know how to specialize in the forest understory, happily growing in the shade. (Right Bottom): The colorful red seed is an effective ornamental feature on some cultivars.

axus canadensis, T. floridana and T. brevifolia are native to this country. T. cuspidata, T. baccata and T. x media are non-native. The cultivar “Nana” has become a ubiquitous hedge and foundation plant because of its low spreading growth habit and hardiness. Yew is the most ancient of trees with estimates of Scottish and English specimens over 1,000 years old. Despite this yews grow no more than 65 feet tall. They are fine with this and they don’t strive to reach greater heights. Literature has it that Robin Hood made his longbow from the yew tree. I’m sure the sheriff of Nottingham was not too keen to be on the receiving end of such an accurate and powerful weapon. Yews require fertile soil, sufficient moisture and excellent drainage. Anything less results in poor growth or death of yew. Yews do equally well in sun or shade but should be kept out of sweeping winter winds which can dry up and yellow foliage. Yews are the epitome of frugality and patience. With the exception of yews, evergreens should never be pruned back hard into bare, old wood. Yews can be pruned to wood without leaves and still grow back quite nicely. This is because new foliage can grow from

dormant buds on old wood, even wood that is 200 years old. To maintain size, prune once in early spring before new growth begins. Yews are among the most toxic of plants. The name taxus comes from the Greek ‘toxin.’ In 2000, two orangutans died at the Como Zoo in St. Paul after eating recently trimmed yew foliage. The toxic compound is taxine. Foliage and bark, whether dry or green, are toxic to people and all classes of livestock. Of course, deer can browse on yews with no ill effects. The fruit is a small bright red berry or aril (nontoxic) with a large seed (highly toxic). Yew berries are an important food for migrating birds and they help to disperse the resilient yew seeds far and wide. Yew has received attention in recent years as a source of taxol, a chemical used to treat ovarian cancer. The takeaway here is that every plant, no matter how seemingly insignificant, may hold the cure for one of the world’s worst diseases. is an ISA Board Certified Master Arborist, an ISA Municipal Specialist MN, and an ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist®. Faith can be reached at faith@treequality.com.

FAITH APPELQUIST

may 17

MNLA .biz

➾ OUT & ABOUT

MNLA STAFF APPRECIATES the annual opportunity to visit with members and prospective members at our industry’s supplier shows.

The crew from Horticulture Services Left to right BJ Holty, Brian Davis, Robbie Langenbach, Jeff Farrington, Jake Louwsma, Trent Nickelson.

It’s always nice to run into Tami Gallagher of Home Sown Gardens LLC.

Jim Nayes, Living Sculpture Tree and Shrub Care, Inc. stopped by the MNLA booth for a visit and a piece of candy.

The SMSC landscape and garden center crew left to right, Meghan Running, Holly Zimmerman, Twila Wysocki, Matt Hanson and Jennifer Trichie.

MNLA .biz

may 17

The crew from Timberland Outdoor Services, Inc., left to right, Carl, Fernando, Shasta, Dan, Lee and Bri took time out to say hello.

Avis Lorenz and Celiné Schroeder of S & S Tree & Horticultural Specialists.

Josh Fox, Scott Zuzek, and Aaron Masloski of Precision Landscaping & Construction Inc.

A Spring Greenhouse Flower and Vegetable Grower meeting organized by U of M Extension, BFG Supply, Carlin Horticultural Supplies, The Tessman Co. and MNLA took place at Green Valley Garden Center and Greenhouses in Ramsey, MN.

Green Valley Garden Center and Greenhouses ready for spring.

Brad Wolf introduces the presenters, John Erwin and Vera Krischik.

Royal Heins also presented to the group.

Van Cooley with Len Busch.

Adam Eull with Bob and Lew Gerten.

Don Rosacker, Len Busch, George Lucht.

Brad Wolf, co-owner of Green Valley Greenhouse, leading a group on a tour of the greenhouse.

George Lucht, Dwayne Ducommun, Bryce Anderson, Andy Petersen, Don Sparks.

may 17

MNLA .biz

URBAN SOIL ASSESSMENT AND REUSE, PART II:

SOIL ASSESSMENT METHODS While the types of questions one might ask about urban soils are somewhat similar to the questions an agricultural soil scientist might ask about farm soils, the methods to get information is dramatically different.

James Urban | DeepRoot. Reprinted from the DeepRoot Green Infrastructure blog (www.deeproot.com/blog).

rban soils are either often paved over or so compacted that digging casual pits is physically difficult. Making destructive soil investigations that may damage finished surfaces or utilities, is expensive or simply not permitted. Urban soil conditions also change rapidly over small distances, both horizontally and vertically. Traditional soil investigations that rely on a series of a few soil pits over large areas are not sufficient, and digging enough pits is not practical, in the built environment. When agricultural soil description methods are not attainable in urban settings, a series of nontraditional investigative methods — when taken together — can provide reliable results. In exchange for soil descriptions, urban soil assessment seeks to understand how damaged are the soils, to what depth, and what modifications need to be specified to make them support the plants proposed for the project. The goal is to influence the plan design to avoid putting plants into spaces where there are not soil resources (or a budget to correct problems). By understanding the problems at the beginning of the design process, designs can be developed that work with the soil limitations. The set of tools to be used include site and area development history, geotechnical reports, existing plantings, topography, excavations, satellite images, interviews, soil test pits, compaction assessment, and soil lab testing.

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Site and area development history

Urban soil disturbances are closely linked to the previous development. How many different buildings and uses were at the site since it was last a farm or forest? How well is that development documented? In many places, the data about construction and soil disturbance goes back a century or more (on the East Coast of the U.S., information from 1870 onward is often well documented and reasonably accessible). I once used a plate of the 1640 charter of two churches in Boston to find the original soil profile on a site. Other sources include historic maps, “Sanborn” insurance maps, photographs, building permits, and utility plans. Many suburban areas developed after World War II have old United States may 17

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➾ S OIL ASSESSMEN T

The set of tools to be used include site and area development history, geotechnical reports, existing plantings, topography, excavations, satellite images, interviews, soil test pits, compaction assessment, and soil lab testing.

Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil surveys that show pre-development soil conditions. Some of these resources go as far back as the 1930’s depending on location and can be clues to the type of soil you might expect to find. Geotechnical reports

Most commercial buildings have soil borings that show deep soil conditions that are full of information on fill soils, drainage, and soil stability and soil type. Review these to understand the history of the soil conditions on the site — and how they might be impacting what is there today. Existing plantings

The type and condition of trees on the site and adjacent sites indicates the soil’s ability to support plantings. Having a good understanding of stress signs in plants helps to identify problem soils. Even weed species or lawn quality indicate different soil conditions. Topography

The topography is a good indication of past grading and soil disturbance. Cut and fill slopes, mounds in areas of naturally flat land, or very flat planar surfaces resulting from engineered contours that are different from the natural contours of pre-development land forms. Excavations

Construction work at the site or an adjacent property offers an opportunity to observe soil conditions and can be a significant source of information. Soil samples can often easily be taken from these locations, even if off site. Satellite images

Satellite imagery such as Google Maps shows how plants, trees and lawns are growing at and around the site. At a city scale, patterns emerge that can reveal changing soil conditions. Interviews

There are always people who are familiar with the site’s soils, drainage, and plant performance. Contractors, property managers, residents, and city officials can be tapped for their knowledge. This may be as simple as talking to the construction supervisor at a construction 24

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may 17

site adjacent to the project, or the landscape maintenance company whose truck is at a neighboring property. Soil test pits

All the above ideas gather bits of data that indicate trends in soil conditions. This work should be performed prior to starting to dig soil test pits. Digging and collection data at urban sites is hard work, so limiting the number of auger holes is good practice. Doing remote data collection first makes it easier to identify the best places to spend time digging. A small hand soil auger called a Dutch Auger is an excellent device to dig in urban soils. A complete description on this technique can be found in Up By Roots. Compaction assessment

For practical reasons compaction, particularly in paved areas, is typically assessed from the collection of many of the above techniques rather than bulk density testing. Surface compaction and deeper soil compaction must both be considered. Trees growing in small holes are an excellent indicator of soil compaction under pavements. Cracking, settlement, or lifting of pavement reveals if roots are growing right under the paving or if soil settlement is causing paving failure. Footprints of previous structures, parking and roads, fill areas, or temporary contractor staging areas are places where excess soil compaction may be found.

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Soil lab testing

During the auger phase, soil samples can be collected and sent to a soil lab for testing chemistry, pH, soil organic matter (SOM) and particle size distribution. At sites where development history suggests looking for hazardous chemicals, a specialty firm will need to be employed as this is beyond the expertise of site designers. Bringing the data together

Once the basic information is known, the soils limitations can be described and mapped. Describing limitations sets the stage for developing solutions during the design and construction phases. These limitations include: • Compaction • Drainage • Soil organic matter • Chemical and pH • Debris • Difficult soil textures

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• Soil volume • Physical limitations such as site access, tree preservation and/or utilities • Process limitations such as project schedule, regulations and/or budget The mapping exercise should show these different limitation areas, including combinations of multiple types of limitations. On larger projects a soils report may be needed to document and support soil remediation. On smaller projects a simple sketch may be sufficient for use by the design team to inform design directions and construction document preparation. The information gathered will also guide the development of a planting soils and drainage plan, as well as plant choice to be adaptable to the existing or restored soil conditions. JAMES URBAN,

FASLA is the principal of Urban Trees + Soils and the author of “Up By

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HOW DISSECTING MOVIE SCRIPTS CAN HELP YOU

CLOSE MORE SALES I train a lot of retail stores how to sell using a fairly detailed process. You can’t just wing it. If you’re wondering how to get more out of your store, a movie analogy is a good way to understand the sales process. Bob Phibbs | The Retail Doctor

may 17

MNLA .biz

➾ S A LE S

magine walking into a movie theater to see The Wizard of Oz for the very first time, and you are 20 minutes late. You’d wonder… What is it about Kansas? What’s a munchkin? Who’s the sister who died? Why are they going to OZ? You could care less about Dorothy.

If you miss the inciting incident that occurs that hooks you into the story, you will not want to spend a couple hours with the characters. Let’s take a look at a typical boy-meets-girl romantic comedy, and what has to happen at each stage of the movie to reel the viewer in: 1. The first impression of the character has to be good. Can we relate to him or her? 2. An inciting incident must occur that changes your main character’s life. The inciting incident is not an active moment: the incident is usually something that HAPPENS TO your main character. What are they going to do now? 3. They meet another character from another world, background, or status that they don’t get along with. Will they get together? 4. They bridge their two worlds and fall in love. Will this last? 5. But her dad hates the guy. He’s them and we’re us. What’s going to happen now? 6. A fork in the road shows up and the dad and the guy stop seeing each other as enemies because they share something in common. Will this be enough to bring the guy and the girl together? 7. Your guy can’t find a way to do both. All is lost. Which will he choose? In the end, our guy chooses the right path, gets the girl, the dad’s approval, and embarks on a new chapter of his life. 28

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How Relationship Selling is Like the Movies

Missing the first twenty minutes of a film isn’t that much different than what happens to a shopper when a retail salesperson cuts off the first several points in a sale by asking, “Can I help you find something?” Your shopper won’t become a customer unless you find their inciting incident. Relationship selling is the answer. But first your salesperson has to make a good impression by being available so your customer feels welcome. They have to give a warm greeting to be able to get past the customer’s natural aversion to engaging strangers. Then they have to be able to get the shopper to trust them, so they let the shopper browse before returning to build rapport. Only then, when they return to the shopper, can your salesperson work to uncover the shopper’s inciting incident for shopping in your store today. That establishes trust and the salesperson is seen as a buddy. The conversation continues and the salesperson patiently gets the whole backstory. They are now leading the shopper to find the whole solution to the inciting incident. Your salesperson now has the shopper hooked and is able to whittle down the shopper’s choices to a fork-in-the-road decision for either A or B. Because they’ve built all this trust, when the best solution costs more than the shopper initially expected to pay, the salesperson can deal with the shopper’s objections and ask for the sale. Your customer buys the item and is glad they made the effort to come to your store on that day to work with your salesperson; they wouldn’t have wanted it any other way. What to do right now: Go out on your sales floor and observe where your employees spend most of their time. Are they moving your shopper from one stage to another and making the sale? Or are they cutting off some of the earliest steps and losing it? To coach your sales team, ask each one, after every encounter with a shopper, to tell you what was that shopper’s inciting incident. Most will only be able to say what product the shopper asked for. And that’s a huge problem. TimeTrade recently reported that a better

customer experience can boost a retailer’s revenue by 5%.1 In a world of plunging margins, that is huge. Think omnichannel will save you? (Omnichannel is a type of retail that promises to seamlessly integrate the different methods of shopping available to consumers [e.g., online, in a physical store, or by phone].) According to a new report by JDA Software and PwC, only 10% of the retailers surveyed are making money fulfilling omnichannel orders.2 Let that sink in… The other 90% are plagued by high delivery costs, rising return rates, and the labor required to pull merchandise from shelves for in-store pickup. According to RetailDive, shoppers are going out and shopping primarily because they want to take items home that day.3 Think that’s just a Boomer thing? Wrong. According to that same report, 62% of 18–24-year-olds cite taking items home immediately as the reason they shop in store vs. online. The youngest age segment (18–24) also enjoys the in-store experience and interacting with store associates. So if the number one driving factor for visiting your store is to be able to buy and take it home but your conversions are lacking, my guess is your crew either lacks the skills to engage and find that inciting incident or the will to care to do it. 4 Ways To Raise Your Retail Associates’ Conversion Rate

Fortunately, the brick and mortar retailer has one significant advantage: the customers are actually standing in front of her or his employees and not just remotely connected via the Internet. To make the most of this advantage, a retailer must use a variety of techniques in retail sales training to raise the conversion rate of their retail associates. Here are four training targets that will to raise your retail associates’ conversion rate, and give your customers an ending to their movie that they’ll be talking about with their friends. 1. Facilitators, Not Just Greeters

Saying, “Hi” is good but being interested in a customer first before getting them to their desired destination in a minimum of time is great. Most customers have a buying agenda and will move on to another retailer if they do not perceive that your establishment cares about them. No amount of upselling can overcome a customer who is frustrated. So the soft skills of building rapport need to be taught and role-played regularly. 2. Demonstrators, Not Just Pointers

We’re all familiar with the stores that mandate that their employees bring a customer to the exact product that the customer is looking for. It’s a nice idea but usually poorly implemented. Mostly, at the end of the short trip, the employee (a pointer) merely wags his finger and says, “It’s right there. Have a nice day.” What a missed opportunity! Instead, retail employees should remove the product from the shelf, demonstrate it to the customer using features and benefits and, if appropriate, suggest more than one. It is a simple add-on selling technique but one that works wonders on your bottom line. 3. Personable, Not Just Cashiers

In case it’s not obvious, the cashier is the final place where an

employee will touch the customer. As such, they still have influence over the customer’s actions. The customer is generally relaxed and impulse items are easier to sell. The idea that cashiers are only paid to take your customers’ money and say thank you is a big gap in your training. As your brand’s last touch-point, your cashiers must be personable or they can actually take away value from your brand. In many stores, cashiers can be adding additional items to an order just by pointing them out. Expect more and you will get more. 4. Sales Trainers, Not Just Managers

By the same token, a manager is not just a person who can fill a void left by a no-show employee. A retail manager must understand the retail sales training concepts mentioned above and create an atmosphere where these concepts come to life. Be sure that you have chosen the right sales trainer for your retail location, not just an inventory manager. A trainer is always connecting performance to measureable results, i.e. your key performance indicators, or KPIs. In Sum

Most everything has a structure to it, whether it’s a painting, a book, a musical, a concert, or a sports game. Ignore that structure and you have confusion. When it comes to your brick and mortar store, confused shoppers walk away; they don’t purchase. Retail affords you the opportunity to meet people more interesting than yourself. The best salespeople bridge worlds and cultures. While they might notice you’re not like me, they’re authentically curious about the world, with a thirst for solving problems. The great salespeople know without understanding the inciting incident, they won’t convert the looker to a buyer. Retail sales training gives a structure your team can hang on to and a process for you to coach. With that, your shoppers will be encouraged to relax and buy. Footnotes 1. “Ignoring personalization can cost a retailer, reveals survey.” www. retailcustomerexperience.com. February 23, 2017. Accessed March 28, 2017. https://www.retailcustomerexperience.com/news/ignoringpersonalization-can-cost-a-retailer-reveals-survey/. 2. Gustafson, Krystina. “An overwhelming number of retailers are losing money chasing Amazon.” CNBC. February 23, 2017. Accessed March 28, 2017. http://www.cnbc.com/2017/02/22/an-overwhelmingamount-of-retailers-are-losing-money-chasing-amazon.html. 3. Skrovan, Sandy. “Why most shoppers still choose brick-and-mortar stores over e-commerce.” Retail Dive. February 22, 2017. Accessed March 28, 2017. http://www.retaildive.com/news/why-most-shoppersstill-choose-brick-and-mortar-stores-over-e-commerce/436068/.

BOB PHIBBS, The Retail Doctor, is a nationally-recognized business strategist, customer service expert, sales coach, marketing mentor, and retail author. To learn exactly how to provide retail sales training in a system that is easy to duplicate and train, visit www.SalesRX.com or contact Bob at www.RetailDoc.com.

may 17

MNLA .biz

➾ R E S E ARCH FOR THE R EAL WO R L D

Can Japanese Knotweed Reproduce by Seed in Minnesota? If so, what are the implications for invasiveness?

Dr. James Calkins

MNLA Foundation Research Information Director

In recent years, both Japanese and giant knotweed have been increasingly reported and recognized as invasive species with potentially serious environmental and economic consequences. Both species can produce large colonies that outcompete and displace native species through a variety of means and including allelopathic effects in the case of Japanese knotweed and perhaps both species. Japanese knotweed has been planted more extensively and has generally been considered to be the more invasive and problematic of the two species. Members of the Polygonaceae Family (Buckwheat, Knotweed, or Smartweed Family), Polygonum cuspidatum, most commonly called Japanese knotweed (also called Asian knotweed, Japanese fleeceflower, and Mexican bamboo), and, to a much lesser extent, Polygonum sachalinense, commonly called giant knotweed (also called Sakhalin knotweed and Japanese bamboo), are well-known herbaceous perennials that have been planted in American landscapes, including Minnesota landscapes, for over 100 years. Introduced from their native habitats in Asia, Japanese knotweed is native to Japan, eastern China, Taiwan, and the Korean peninsula, and giant knotweed is native to northern Japan and Sakhalin Island to the north (Russia). Both species are long-lived, rhizomatous geophytes that are cold hardy (USDA Cold Hardiness Zone 4) and otherwise quite adaptable (light, soil texture, and pH) and can spread aggressively by their rhizomes to produce large colonies if established in areas where the growing conditions are ideal (adequate light and moisture). As a result of these characteristics, these species have been primarily planted in designed landscapes as groundcovers and for bank stabilization, but have also been planted for their attractive flowers and persistent winter stems, human consumption (e.g., young shoots cooked and eaten as a spring vegetable like asparagus), livestock forage, pro-

ducing fabric dyes, and medicinal purposes. As a group, the knotweeds, including Japanese and giant knotweed, are also very popular with a variety of insect pollinators, and especially European honey bees (Apis mellifera), as a source of pollen and nectar and have been used in honey production. Another related species, silver lace vine (Polygonum baldschuanicum and more correctly Fallopia baldschuanica; synonyms Polygonum aubertii and Fallopia aubertii), also called Russian vine, Bukhara fleeceflower, Chinese fleecevine, and mile-a-minute, and also native to Asia, has similarly been widely planted in North American landscapes, but doesn’t typically escape cultivation and isn’t reliably hardy in areas colder than Zone 5; it is a vigorous, twining, woody vine with showy, fragrant flowers. In addition, several herbaceous species found in Minnesota (native and introduced) and commonly called knotweeds or smartweeds are also related to these species and were once included in the genus Polygonum, but are now placed in the genus Persicaria; Pennsylvania smartweed (Persicaria pensylvanica; formerly Polygonum pensylvanicum; native), swamp smartweed (Persicaria amphibia; formerly Polygonum amphibium; native), and lady’s-thumb (Persicaria maculosa; formerly Polygonum persicaria; introduced) are examples. Also related, prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare) and wild buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus; formerly Polygonum convolvulus; also called black bindweed) are non-native and common turf and landscape and agricultural and landscape weeds, respectively. Although in a different genus, curly dock (Rumex crispus), a non-native, but familiar weed in agricultural and other disturbed environments, is also related; it is native to Europe and western Asia. While Japanese knotweed reproduces both asexually (rhizomes) and sexually (seed) in its native habitat, it has generally been accepted that a single, functionally may 17

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â&#x17E;ž RE S E ARCH FOR THE R EAL WO R L D

Figure 1. A winter-persistent, Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica; synonym Polygonum cuspidatum), stem section showing the alternate branching pattern and axillary inflorescence remnants (panicled racemes); the stems have hollow internodes and solid nodes (Photo Credit: Jim Calkins).

female (male-sterile) clone was planted in the United Kingdom and ultimately brought to North America. As a consequence, it has generally been assumed that the genetic and reproductive characteristics of North American populations of Japanese knotweed are similar to those in the United Kingdom and represent a single female clone. As a result, reproduction by seed has not been considered an issue in North America and vegetative reproduction is considered the primary means of spread and dispersal, an ability that has been widely observed and reported. Movement to new areas, and especially over long distances, is, therefore, primarily assumed to be human mediated through intentional (landscape planting) and unintentional means (e.g., disposal of landscape waste, movement of infested soil) and, when planted or otherwise present in riparian areas, flooding can dislodge plants and facilitate the movement of propagules to new areas downstream. Interestingly, as an early successional species, Japanese knotweed is one of the first species to colonize volcanic slopes in its native habitat and its rhizomes can travel long distances (up to 65 feet), including under hardscapes like roads and driveways, and new shoots produced by the rhizomes can push through asphalt and even concrete. In addition, Japanese knotweed colonies can invade structures, crack foundations, invade sewer lines, and cause other types of damage in landscapes where they are not carefully managed. Escaped populations are typically found in disturbed habitats including riparian areas (floodplains and the shorelines of wetlands, ponds, and lakes), roadsides, abandoned or neglected homesteads, forest edges and openings, meadows and fields, waste places and dumping grounds, and occasionally in grasslands and other upland habitats. Established plants can be fairly drought tolerant, but moist soils are preferred. Giant knotweed also invades disturbed sites, but tends to be less drought tolerant than Japanese knotweed and is most commonly found in cooler, reliably-moist habitats. Both spe-

cies can produce extensive, monotypic colonies that displace native species and disrupt native ecosystems. Although Japanese knotweed has sometimes been planted to stabilize the banks of waterbodies, the opposite is actually true as the coarse root/rhizome system does not stabilize soils well and shorelines vegetated with Japanese knotweed often collapse sending vegetative propagules (rhizome and stem pieces) downstream where they can establish new colonies. Although open woodlands can be invaded, neither species is commonly found in forest ecosystems with closed canopies as they perform best in full sun and do not tolerate heavy shade. Japanese knotweed is considered by some to be one of the most invasive weeds in the world and the extensive, underground rhizome systems of both species can make it difficult to eradicate established populations. Most notably, Japanese knotweed has escaped cultivation and become a widespread and significant problem in the United Kingdom where its presence can affect property values and even the ability to sell infested properties. Thus far, Japanese knotweed has not been as problematic in North America, but has become troublesome in parts of the United States and Canada and especially in riparian areas and wetlands. Although escaped populations do exist, giant knotweed has not been planted as much and, thus far, has not proven to be as invasive as Japanese knotweed. Historically, the taxonomic classification of Japanese knotweed and its relatives, including giant knotweed, has been mixed. As a result, Japanese knotweed has been variously classified and listed as Reynoutria japonica, Polygonum cuspidatum, and Fallopia japonica. Although Polygonum cuspidatum is still commonly used as the scientific name for Japanese knotweed in the United States, more recent evidence suggests Fallopia japonica, and specifically Fallopia japonica var. japonica, is the correct classification for the variety that has been most commonly planted in Europe and North America. Most recently, molecular studies suggest the species name should revert may 17

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➾ RE S E ARCH FOR THE R EAL WO R L D

Figure 2. Close up of the remnants of an axillary inflorescence (panicled raceme) on a Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica; synonym Polygonum cuspidatum) plant during the winter (Photo Credit: Jim Calkins).

back to the original Reynoutria japonica. Dwarf Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica var. compacta; formerly Polygonum cuspidatum var. compactum) has also been planted in North America, but to a lesser extent; it is smaller with white or pink flowers. Similarly, the botanical names assigned to giant knotweed have included Reynoutria sachalinensis, Polygonum sachalinense, and Fallopia sachalinensis. As mentioned previously, some species formerly included in the genus Polygonum have subsequently been placed in the genus Persicaria; Himalayan knotweed (Persicaria wallichi; formerly Polygonum polystachyum; native to southern China) is another example and a species that has been included in the group of invasive knotweeds called the knotweed complex; Japanese, giant, and Bohemian knotweed are the other species included in this group. Himalayan knotweed has a limited distribution in North America and, based on the information available, probably wouldn’t be hardy in Minnesota as it doesn’t appear to be hardy in areas colder than Zone 5 and perhaps even Zone 6. Although frustrating and often confusing, given that conflicting scientific names for the same plant can found in the literature and agreement on the correct name is not always universal, this is an interesting and instructive example of the classification and botanical name changes that are being proposed as molecular techniques are increasingly used to clarify the botanical relationships among plants; a trend that is likely to continue for some time. Although Japanese and giant knotweed share a number of similar characteristics, there are also some distinct differences between the two species. Both species have stout, glabrous (smooth), hollow stems with swollen nodes, alternate leaf phyllotaxy (arrangement) with deciduous (non-persistent), stipular sheaths (ocreae; singular = ocrea) surrounding the bases of the petioles and nodes (a characteristic typical of the Polygonaceae in general), and thick, woody rhizomes (underground stems). New shoots typically emerge in early spring (April) and grow quickly to reach their mature height by the 34

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end of June. Japanese knotweed has a shrubby habit and can grow to a height of 10 feet or more, but the selections planted in North American landscapes tend to be shorter (3–6 feet). The young stems of Japanese knotweed also tend to have purple markings and a zig-zag growth habit that tends to be most obvious near the ends of the shoots. Giant knotweed is generally taller and more upright in habit with little branching and can grow to a height of 15 feet or more. The leaves of Japanese knotweed are typically broadly ovate, 3–6 inches long and 2–5 inches wide, with a truncated (squared-off) base and an abruptly and concavely tapered tip, while those of giant knotweed are much larger (up to 12 inches or more in length and two-thirds as wide) with a less-pointed tip and a cordate (heartshaped) base. For both species, the flowers are borne in axillary, panicled racemes and are pollinated by a variety of insects including bees, butterflies, ants, and beetles. Flowering for both species is best in full sun and reduced or nonexistent in shady areas. In the Upper Midwest, including Minnesota, Japanese and giant knotweed plants typically flower in August and September with fruits maturing from September until frost. The fruits of both species are 3-winged achenes that mature in late summer or fall (September/October; until frost). The seeds of both species are triangular, dark brown, and shiny and are likely dispersed by wind and water. The above-ground portions of the plants are frost-tender and are killed by the first hard frost; the leaves typically abscise, but the bare, dead, reddish-brown stems tend to remain standing during the winter. Research findings and reports that address the reproductive morphology and breeding systems — flower characteristics, fruiting, seed production and viability, and seed germination and seedling survival — of Japanese and giant knotweed in greenhouse and wild environments are often conflicting. For example. Japanese knotweed has been variously reported as being functionally dioecious (individual plants or colonies male or female), gynodioecious (individual plants/

clonal colonies hermaphroditic or functionally female/male-sterile), “leaky” dioecious or subdioecious (populations that include both functionally male and female plants with flowers that retain vestigial reproductive parts of the other sex), and monecious (individual male and female flowers or perfect/unisexual flowers on the same plant). Regardless of the flower morphology of individual plants or colonies, the species has the ability to reproduce and spread by sexual (seed) and asexual/vegetative (rhizomes and displaced rhizome pieces) means in its native range. In North America, however and as discussed previously, it has generally been accepted that the Japanese knotweed plants introduced and planted in North America (and the United Kingdom) represent a single, functionally female (male-sterile) clone that primarily, if not exclusively, reproduces by vegetative means. Based on more recent evidence, this may or may not be true as it has been suggested that male plants may be present and seed production has been observed and reported. Thus, past assumptions may not be correct and male-fertile Japanese knotweed plants may be present in North America allowing for sexual reproduction within some Japanese knotweed populations. Giant knotweed has been variously described as being dioecious (individual plants or colonies male or female), gynodioecious, or monecious and also has the ability to reproduce by sexual and asexual means. Although both species can reproduce by seed when male and female flowers are present, both species primarily reproduce and spread by vegetative (asexual) means in native and non-native habitats. In short, it is becoming increasingly likely that the reproductive dynamics of knotweeds in North America are complex and not fully understood. Although it is has historically been accepted that the Japanese knotweed plants found in North America represent a single, functionally female (male-sterile) clone of Fallopia japonica var. japonica (Japanese knotweed; the variety believed to have been most commonly planted in Europe and North America), as is the case in the United Kingdom and other parts of northwestern Europe, researchers have increasingly wondered why significant phenotypic variation appears to exist within this clonal population. The ability of Japanese knotweed to invade a variety of environments in North America and Europe, an ability that has reportedly been on the rise, is an important example of this phenotypic variation from an invasiveness perspective, given the assumed genetic uniformity in Japanese knotweed populations in absence of sexual reproduction. Research fostered by these observations, has led to the hypothesis that the phenotypic variability within these Japanese knotweed populations, and clonal populations in general, may result from potentially heritable, epigenetic changes in gene expression resulting from chemical modifications to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that do not involve changes in the base pair sequence of the DNA base pair sequence (i.e., DNA mutations). Such modifications can result in a change in phenotype (the observable characteristics of an organism in response to the interaction between genotype and the environment) without a change in genotype (the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms). These changes are believed to be primarily the result of DNA methylation — the addition of methyl (CH3) groups — and/or modifications to the proteins called histones that associate with and organize the DNA strands. It has

been suggested that such modifications could be random or environmentally-regulated and may influence gene expression and phenotype through their effects on gene expression. As a consequence, epigenetically-based habitat adaptation, resulting from epimutation (heritable changes in gene expression that are not caused by DNA mutations) and selection, or environmentally-induced epigenetic changes, could result in increased fitness in clonal populations. In addition, somatic (non-germ cell) mutations and somatic evolution can also result in enhanced genetic diversity and could also result in increased fitness in clonal populations. As a consequence, these mechanisms could result in beneficial adaptations within clonal populations and could be a potential mechanism for enhanced clonal plant success and the broad environmental adaptability that has been increasingly observed for Japanese knotweed in the United Kingdom, and increasingly in North America, and specifically the United States, has been used as an example. These theories, combined with the observed colonization of disparate environments by Japanese knotweed through vegetative means, suggests reproduction

Although Japanese and giant knotweed share a number of similar characteristics, there are also some distinct differences between the two species. by seed, and the genetic diversity associated with sexual reproduction, may not be required for clonal plant species to become successful invaders, at least in the short term. In addition to these epigenetic and somatic mutation theories of adaptation in relation to vegetative reproduction, and perhaps more importantly, there appears to be a growing recognition that the naturally-occurring hybrid between Japanese knotweed and giant knotweed — Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia × bohemica; synonyms — Polygonum × bohemicum, Reynoutria × bohemica), first described in 1983, may constitute a significant portion of the knotweed population present in North America, including Minnesota. In fact, it is increasingly believed that Bohemian knotweed may be widely distributed in North America and has commonly been misidentified as one of its parents which may account for the reported discrepancies in reproductive biology and population dynamics. Being a hybrid species, the morphological characteristics of Bohemian knotweed plants tend to be intermediate compared to the two parents and, like its parents, it tends to prefer riparian environments, but can be found in other places. Bohemian knotweed plants tend to have a more branched, shrub-like habit similar to Japanese knotweed and are intermediate in height compared to the parent species. The leaves of Bohemian knotweed are intermediate in size and shape compared to the leaves of Japanese and giant knotweed and tend to be longer than wide and have bases that are shallowly cordate (heartshaped), but not as distinctly as those of giant knotweed. Like Japanese knotweed, the stems of Bohemian knotweed also tend to be spotted with purple and exhibit a zig-zag growth habit between the nodes. The hybrid species is gynodioecious (individual plants/colonies hermaphroditic or functionally female/male-sterile). While the may 17

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Figure 3. Germinated seeds from Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica; synonym Polygonum cuspidatum) fruits (3-winged achenes) collected from a single cane from a small colony growing in a Minnetonka, MN, landscape; germination was first observed after 15 days and reached 64% for this sample (Photo Credit: Jim Calkins).

fecundity (fertility and fruitfulness) of the hybrid species has been questioned, germination rates approaching 100% have been reported for some populations and it is clear that Bohemian knotweed can produce viable pollen and serve as a pollen source for the parent species, including the functionally female (male-sterile) Japanese knotweed plants that have historically been planted in parts of Europe and North America, resulting in the production of viable seeds. The ability of Japanese knotweed and giant knotweed to hybridize to produce the hybrid Bohemian knotweed, and the ability of Bohemian knotweed to backcross with both parents to produce viable seed, has resulted in increased and complex genetic diversity within North American knotweed populations compared to the original introductions of Japanese and giant knotweed and is of significant concern regarding the potential invasiveness of this knotweed complex. It should be noted that Japanese knotweed can also hybridize with the previously mentioned silver lace vine (Fallopia baldschuanica), but seedling establishment has not been reported in North America. There is currently a lack of information about the genetic makeup and sexual reproductive capacity of knotweed populations in Minnesota and genetic testing and population dynamics research is needed to better characterize these populations. As a result of ongoing concerns about the invasive potential of Japanese and giant knotweed in Minnesota, bolstered by reports that knotweeds are more abundant in Duluth than elsewhere in the state and have been spreading rapidly in recent years, the Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) has initiated an investigation of the knotweed situation in Duluth. Based on an initial survey conducted in September of last year (2016), it was determined that 73% of the knotweed populations in Duluth produced perfect flowers and exhibited intermediate species characteristics suggesting these plants are of hybrid origin. Just short of 21% of the plants sampled exhibited imperfect, female flowers and are assumed to be Japanese 38

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knotweeds and about 1% of the plants did not have flowers present for identification purposes. These results were unexpected, but are similar to other recent reports indicating that Bohemian knotweed may represent a significant portion of knotweed populations in other parts of the country. Seeds were also collected and preliminary germination tests have indicated that viable seeds are present and capable of germination under laboratory conditions. The MDA intends to perform additional germination tests and genetic testing on the resulting seedlings to verify their genetic identities. Out of personal curiosity, I have also performed germination tests using seeds collected from several knotweed populations in the Twin Cities area last fall (October). All of the plants sampled appeared to be Japanese knotweed based on their appearance and seed production was variable, but generally poor. Germination was observed for all of the seed samples selected and varied from 42â&#x20AC;&#x201C;64%. Like the initial findings by the MDA, these results are concerning. It is important to note that while it appears Japanese knotweed plants growing in Minnesota can produce viable seed, it has also been reported that knotweed seedlings tend to have low vigor and whether germinated seedlings are able to survive in outdoor environments, including in Minnesota, remains unknown and this ability has been questioned by a number of researchers. So, can Japanese knotweed reproduce by seed in Minnesota? Based on a growing body of research, the answer is, it depends. If it were true that only male-sterile (functionally female) plants are present in North America, Japanese knotweed would not be able to reproduce sexually and would only be able to spread to new areas by vegetative means. It appears, however, that, unlike in the United Kingdom, male-fertile Japanese knotweed plants may be present in parts of North America. In addition, and regardless if functionally male Japanese knotweed plants are present, the presence of giant knotweed and the resulting hybrid between these two species, both of which

can serve as a pollen source for female Japanese knotweed plants, the answer appears to be yes. Indeed, the production of viable seed by plants that look like Japanese knotweed has recently been documented in Minnesota. Whether these plants are Japanese knotweed or hybrids between Japanese and giant knotweed — Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia × bohemica), and whether seedlings would survive in the wild, has not yet been verified. Seed production has also been variously documented for knotweed plants that visually appear to be of hybrid origin (i.e., Bohemian knotweed) and it has been suggested that the hybrid species may have the capacity to be even more invasive than either of its parents as a result of increased genetic diversity. With the ability to spread aggressively via rhizomes, the ability to regenerate vegetatively via rhizome and stem fragments, and the ability to disperse via seeds, invasive knotweeds may be on the move in Minnesota and other areas in North America. It has also been suggested that a warmer climate could support the expansion of knotweed populations into areas where they cannot survive currently including higher altitudes in mountainous areas. Although it is still generally accepted that asexual reproduction remains the primary mode of reproduction for all three knotweed species, if these initial findings related to sexual reproduction are verified, they would have significant implications for the invasiveness of these knotweeds (the Japanese/giant/Bohemian knotweed complex) and the management of these species in Minnesota. If it is determined that Japanese knotweed can reproduce by seed in Minnesota, alone or through hybridization with giant knotweed and Bohemian knotweed, the regulation of knotweeds in Minnesota may be impacted. Japanese and giant knotweed are currently regulated in Minnesota under the Minnesota Noxious Weed Law (Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 18). Following completion of a science-based risk assessment (Plant Risk Assessment & Management Protocol for Minnesota; Minnesota Department of Agriculture, 2003; revised 2010, 2011) initiated in 2011, it was determined that Japanese knotweed and giant knotweed pose a threat to riparian ecosystems in Minnesota. Based on this assessment and input from the Minnesota nursery and landscape industry, both species were listed as Specially Regulated Plants under the Minnesota Noxious Weed Law in 2014. As outlined in Section 18.771 (d) of the law, Specially Regulated Plants may include native or non-native species that have demonstrated to have environmental or economic value, but also have the potential to cause harm in non-controlled environments. Species designated as Specially Regulated Plants have been determined to pose ecological, economic, or human or animal health concerns that warrant regulation. These plants may be grown and sold, but plant-specific management plans and/or rules that define use and management requirements for these plants must be developed by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture with the goal of minimizing the potential for harm caused by these species. Specific to the knotweeds, Japanese and giant knotweed plants offered for sale in Minnesota must have information attached to the plant, container, or packaging indicating that these species should not be planted within 100 feet of a water body or its designated flood plain as defined by Minnesota law (Minnesota Statute 103F.111, Subdivision 4).

The Minnesota Noxious Weed Law requires that species designated as Prohibited or Restricted Noxious Weeds or Specially Regulated Plants must be re-evaluated every three years to determine whether they should remain on the noxious weed lists. As a result, a review of the status of Japanese and giant knotweed was initiated in 2015 and is ongoing. Bohemian knotweed, the hybrid between these two species, is not currently listed as a noxious weed in Minnesota, but has subsequently been recognized as a possible concern and is being evaluated as part of the review of the parent species. Since the original risk assessment was completed, a growing body of research has indicated that sexual reproduction may play a more significant role in the spread of knotweeds in North America than was previously thought. Although research specific to the sexual reproductive capacity and population dynamics of Japanese, giant, and Bohemian knotweed relative to the invasive potential of these species in Minnesota continues, it seems there is a good possibility that Bohemian knotweed will be regulated in Minnesota and that the current status of Japanese knotweed and giant knotweed as Specially Regulated Plants under the Minnesota Noxious Weed Law may be questioned during the ongoing review of these species by the Noxious Weed Advisory Committee (NWAC). If the listing status for these species is changed, Prohibited/Eradicate, Prohibited/Control, and Restricted are the options available and those interested in these species should be aware of this possibility. The knotweed example reminds us that invasive potential is a complex issue and can involve a significant time factor (e.g., there was a 50 year lag time before concerns about the potential spread of knotweeds was first recognized after their introduction to new areas) and also highlights the role hybridization and other evolutionary factors can play in the population dynamics and spread of invasive species. It is important that nursery and landscape professionals be aware of these issues and participate in invasive species discussions and regulatory efforts to help prevent the introduction of new invasive species and to help insure that invasive species management policies are justifiable and reasonable for all concerned. For additional information and more detail about the potential harmful effects of Japanese, giant, and Bohemian knotweed on native ecosystems, the history and life cycles of these species in North America, and the concerns about the potential for the spread of these species into new areas, consult the following references: Gillies, S., D.R. Clements, and J. Grenz. 2016. Knotweed (Fallopia spp.) Invasion of North America Utilizes Hybridization, Epigenetics, Seed Dispersal (Unexpectedly), and an Arsenal of Physiological Tactics. Invasive Plant Science and Management 9(1):71-80. http://www.bioone.org/doi/ abs/10.1614/IPSM-D-15-00039.1 (abstract and literature cited only) Gammon, M.A., E. Baack, J.F. Orth, and R. Kesseli. 2010. Viability, Growth, and Fertility of Knotweed Cytotypes in North America. Invasive Plant Science and Management 3(3):208-218. http://www.bioone.org/ doi/full/10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00018.1 (abstract and literature cited only) Bailey, J.P., K. Bímová, and B. Mandák. 2009. Asexual Spread Versus Sexual Reproduction and Evolution in Japanese Knotweed s.l. Sets the Stage for the “Battle of the Clones.” Biological Invasions 11(5):11891203. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10530-008-9381-4 (abstract and literature cited only)

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Grimsby, J.L., D. Tsirelson, M.A. Gammon, and R. Kesseli. 2007. Genetic Diversity and Clonal vs. Sexual Reproduction in Fallopia spp. (Polygonaceae). American Journal of Botany 94(6): 957–964. http:// www.amjbot.org/content/94/6/957.full.pdf+html Forman, J. and R.V. Kesseli. 2003. Sexual Reproduction in the Invasive Species Fallopia japonica (Polygonaceae). American Journal of Botany 90(4):586-592. http://www.amjbot.org/content/90/4/586 (abstract only) Gaskin, J.F., M. Schwarzländer, F.S. Grevstad, M.A. Haverhals, R.S. Bourchier, and T.W. Miller. 2014. Extreme Differences in Population Structure and Genetic Diversity for Three Invasive Congeners: Knotweeds in Western North America. Biological Invasions 16(10):21272136. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-014-0652-y (abstract only) Gowton , C., A. Budsock, and D. Matlaga. 2016. Influence of Disturbance on Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) Stem and Rhizome Fragment Recruitment Success within Riparian Forest Understory. Natural Areas Journal 36(3):259-267. http://www.bioone.org/doi/ abs/10.3375/043.036.0306 (abstract and literature cited only) Clements, D.R, T. Larsen, and J. Grenz. 2016. Knotweed Management Strategies in North America with the Advent of Widespread Hybrid Bohemian Knotweed, Regional Differences, and the Potential for Biocontrol via the Psyllid Aphalara itadori Shinji. Invasive Plant Science and Management 9(1):60-70. http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1614/ IPSM-D-15-00047.1 (abstract and literature cited only) European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Data Sheet on Invasive Plants – Fallopia japonica. http://www. eppo.org/QUARANTINE/Pest_Risk_Analysis/PRAdocs_plants/ draftds/05-11829%20DS%20Fallopia%20japonica.doc (accessed February 18, 2017) Gammon, M.A., J.L. Grimsby, D. Tsirelson, and R. Kesseli. 2007. Molecular and Morphological Evidence Reveals Introgression in Swarms of the Invasive Taxa Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis, and F. × bohemica (Polygonaceae) in the United States. American Journal of Botany 94(6):948-956. http://www.amjbot.org/content/94/6/948.full.pdf+html Groeneveld, E., F. Belzile, and C. Lavoie. 2014. Sexual Reproduction of Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica s.l.) at Its Northern Distribution Limit: New Evidence of the Effect of Climate Warming on an Invasive Species. America Journal of Botany 101(3):459-466. http://www.amjbot.org/content/101/3/459.full.pdf+html Murrell, C., E. Gerber, C. Krebs, M. Parepa, U. Schaffner, and O. Bossdorf. 2011. Invasive Knotweed Affects Native Plants Through Allelopathy. American Journal of Botany 98(1):38-43. http://www.amjbot.org/content/98/1/38.long Stone, K.R. 2010. Polygonum sachalinense, P. cuspidatum, P. × bohemicum. In: Fire Effects Information System. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/ polspp/all.html (accessed February 18, 2017)

d v c w y c i o h y t

Global Invasive Species Database. 2017. 100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species. http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/100_worst.php (accessed February 18, 2017) TO COMMENT ON THIS RESEARCH UPDATE, suggest research topics of interest, or pass along a piece of research-based information that might be of interest to your industry colleagues, please email us at Research@MNLA.biz. In addition, if you would like to share your views on the invasive potential of Japanese, giant, and Bohemian knotweed from a regulatory standpoint (in favor or opposed), contact Jim Calkins at jim@mnla.biz; 952-935-0682.

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➾ OS H A

OSHA’S CRYSTALLINE SILICA RULE:

CONSTRUCTION

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This is a reprint of OSHA Publication 3681.

OSHA has issued two standards to protect workers from exposure to respirable crystalline silica â&#x20AC;&#x201D; one for construction, and the other for general industry and maritime â&#x20AC;&#x201D; in order to allow employers to tailor solutions to the specific conditions in their workplaces. Construction employers must comply with all requirements of the standard by June 23, 2017. UPDATE: As of press time, OSHA had issued a 90-day stay past the June 23 deadline.

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➾ OS H A

Table 1: Specified Exposure Control Methods When Working with Materials Containing Crystalline Silica Equipment/Task

Engineering and Work Practice Control Methods

(ii) Hand held power saws (any blade diameter)

Use saw equipped with integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the blade.

Required Respiratory Protection and Minimum Assigned Protection Factor (APF) ≤4 hrs/shift

>4 hrs/shift

None APF 10

APF 10 APF 10

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions to minimize dust emissions. • When used outdoors. • When used indoors or in an enclosed area. Excerpt from Table 1. *See regulatory text for construction standard, with complete Table 1 at www.osha.gov/silica/SilicaConstructionRegText.pdf.

Who is affected by the construction standard?

About two million construction workers are exposed to respirable crystalline silica in over 600,000 workplaces. OSHA estimates that more than 840,000 of these workers are exposed to silica levels that exceed the new permissible exposure limit (PEL). Exposure to respirable crystalline silica can cause silicosis, lung cancer, other respiratory diseases, and kidney disease. Exposure can occur during common construction tasks such as using masonry saws, grinders, drills, jackhammers and handheld powered chipping tools; operating vehicle-mounted drilling rigs; milling; operating crushing machines; and using heavy equipment for demolition or certain other tasks. The construction standard does not apply where exposures will remain low under any foreseeable conditions; for example, when only performing tasks such as mixing mortar; pouring concrete footers, slab foundation and foundation walls; and removing concrete formwork. What does the standard require?

The standard requires employers to limit worker exposures to respirable crystalline silica and to take other steps to protect workers. The standard provides flexible alternatives, especially useful for small employers. Employers can either use a control method laid out in Table 1 of the construction standard, or they can measure workers’ exposure to silica and independently decide which dust controls work best to limit exposures to the PEL in their workplaces. Regardless of which exposure control method is used, all construction employers covered by the standard are required to: • Establish and implement a written exposure control plan that identifies tasks that involve exposure and methods used to protect workers, including procedures to restrict access to work areas where high exposures may occur. • Designate a competent person to implement the written exposure control plan. • Restrict housekeeping practices that expose workers to silica where feasible alternatives are available. • Offer medical exams — including chest X-rays and lung function tests — every three years for workers who are

required by the standard to wear a respirator for 30 or more days per year. • Train workers on work operations that result in silica exposure and ways to limit exposure. • Keep records of workers’ silica exposure and medical exams. What is Table 1? Table 1 matches common construction tasks with dust control

methods, so employers know exactly what they need to do to limit worker exposures to silica. The dust control measures listed in the table include methods known to be effective, like using water to keep dust from getting into the air or using ventilation to capture dust. In some operations, respirators may also be needed. Employers who follow Table 1 correctly are not required to measure workers’ exposure to silica and are not subject to the PEL. Table 1 Example: Handheld Power Saws

If workers are sawing silica-containing materials, they can use a saw with a built-in system that applies water to the saw blade. The water limits the amount of respirable crystalline silica that gets into the air. In this example, if a worker uses the saw outdoors for four hours or less per day, no respirator would be needed. If a worker uses the saw for more than four hours per day or any time indoors, he or she would need to use a respirator with an assigned protection factor (APF) of at least 10. In this case, a NIOSH-certified filtering facepiece respirator that covers the nose and mouth (sometimes referred to as a dust mask) could be used. If a worker needs to use a respirator on 30 or more days a year, he or she would need to be offered a medical exam. Alternative exposure control methods

Employers who do not use control methods in Table 1 must: • Measure the amount of silica that workers are exposed to if it may be at or above an action level of 25 μg/m3 (micrograms of silica per cubic meter of air), averaged over an eight hour day. • Protect workers from respirable crystalline silica exposures above the permissible exposure limit of 50 μg/m3, averaged over an eight-hour day. • Use dust controls to protect workers from silica exposures above the PEL. may 17

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➾ OSHA

Without dust controls, using a handheld power saw to cut concrete can expose workers to high levels of respirable crystalline silica.

• Provide respirators to workers when dust controls cannot limit exposures to the PEL.

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When are employers required to comply with the standard? Construction employers must comply with all requirements of the standard by June 23, 2017, except requirements for laboratory evaluation of exposure samples, which begin on June 23, 2018 TM

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Additional information

Additional information on OSHA’s silica rule can be found at www. osha.gov/silica. OSHA can provide extensive help through a variety of programs, including technical assistance about effective safety and health programs, workplace consultations, and training and education. OSHA’s On-site Consultation Program offers free and confidential occupational safety and health services to small and medium-sized businesses in all states and several territories across the country, with priority given to high-hazard worksites. On-site consultation services are separate from enforcement and do not result in penalties or citations. Consultants from state agencies or universities work with employers to identify workplace hazards, provide advice on compliance with OSHA standards, and assist in establishing and improving safety and health management systems. To locate the OSHA On-site Consultation Program nearest you, call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742) or visit www.osha.gov/dcsp/smallbusiness.

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➾ V OLU NTEER PROFILE

VOLUNTEER VOICES MARK REHDER , S& S TR EE AN D H O RTI C U LT U RA L S P E CI A L I S T S

Alicia Munson

MNLA Government Affairs Director

In addition to featuring a member profile in this month’s edition of The Scoop, we’re excited to debut a brand-new feature that profiles individuals, entitled “Volunteer Voices”! This new series will highlight individual volunteers and the meaningful contributions they make to the MNLA community. Several upcoming “Volunteer Voices” will feature members of our Government Affairs Committee and individuals who, while not formally involved in the committee, have made a positive impact on our overall legislative and regulatory affairs efforts — such as Mark Rehder of S&S Tree and Horticultural Specialists.

VO L UN TEER SN APSH O T

Company Name: S&S Tree and Horticultural Specialists Company Role: Consulting Arborist Certifications/Qualifications: ISA Certified Arborist® #MN – 0256A; Tree Risk Assessor Years in the green industry: 27 MNLA Service: Government Affairs volunteer

MNLA .biz

may 17

As is the case for many green industry professionals, Mark didn’t originally plan to work in the field and pursued an English degree in college. But after taking an Evolution & Behavior course, Mark discovered that his passion for the outdoors could be merged with his interest in natural science — ultimately leading to a career in urban forestry. Prior to joining the team at S&S in 2007, Mark acted as the city tree inspector for Eagan and then Andover — beneficial experience in both his formal professional role as a consultant as well as the contracted city forester for North Oaks.

I thought it was a fascinating process, watching the legislators get down to the nitty-gritty details — even something as small as striking the word ‘the’!

advocated for during this legislative session are similar to the Minnesota ReLeaf program, which piqued Mark’s interest in our government affairs efforts. That connection to his previous work, along with encouragement from his supervisor (and Government Affairs Committee member) Gail Nozal, gave Mark the motivation to get more involved. I chatted with Mark about his recent engagement in legislative advocacy, and here’s what he had to say: Q. Mark, did you feel at all nervous or intimidated by government affairs prior to getting involved and, if so, what helped you overcome your apprehension? A. I was, being a newbie! But I learned a lot from Gail, and everything leading up to Day on the Hill helped me feel knowledgeable and prepared. F UN FACT

Mark and his two children, Charlie (18) and Lydia (16), recently traveled to Philadelphia with a church group, where they helped local neighborhoods start or improve their community gardens. Some of the gardens incorporated solar panels, composting toilets, beehives, fruit trees, and murals created by local artists! Mark said, “Philly is a tough place, but these community gardens in the middle of the city are like a little oasis.”

In his time working for the cities, Mark was integral in promoting and adapting “Minnesota ReLeaf” — a matching grant program which offered municipalities, tribal governments, nonprofit organizations, and schools up to $15,000 in funding from the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources for the development and support of community forestry programs. The current Emerald Ash Borer management grant proposals that MNLA

Q. Speaking of MNLA’s 2017 Day on the Hill, what did you think of the event?! A. I loved the role play — especially Mick [who took on the role of “Senator” in the mock legislative meetings]! He showed us exactly what it would be like to meet with our legislators — how they turned the questions back around on us. I really doubted that we’d be able to learn much in just an hour [before meetings] that morning, but after the orientation, I felt above and beyond prepared for anything that would come my way. I also enjoyed talking with other people like Cory [Whitmer of The Mustard Seed] during the happy hour that afternoon. It’s fun to get to know the ‘movers and shakers’. Q. Following our Day on the Hill, you also attended a hearing of the House Agriculture Finance Committee. What made you want to attend, and what was your experience like? A. I had never attended a committee hearing before, but had a vested interest in

the Emerald Ash Borer legislation [heard in committee that day]. We had gotten that far, and I wanted to see how it played out! I thought it was a fascinating process, watching the legislators get down to the nitty-gritty details — even something as small as striking the word ‘the’! Those little changes can affect the entire proposal. Overall, I think it’s really interesting to get a feel for how something goes from its infancy to becoming a bill, and in this case, hopefully getting passed. Q. Why do you think it’s important for other green industry professionals to join our advocacy efforts? A. Anything we can do to preserve trees is critical. Trees should be viewed as a part of the city’s infrastructure! They help with clean air, clean water, pollution capture, energy savings, and wildlife habitat; through government affairs, we can raise awareness about that. Once the trees and those benefits are gone, you don’t get them back, and I hope others will help us make the case to elected officials that this is a battle worth fighting.

WANT TO JOIN MARK in MNLA’s advocacy efforts? Contact Government Affairs Director Alicia Munson at 651-633-4987 or alicia@mnla.biz.

our amazing MNLA volunteers. If you’re willing to be profiled in The Scoop, let us know. We’re always looking for a good story. Email jon@mnla.biz and we’ll discuss the next steps.

WE WANT TO CONTINUE TO PROFILE

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THINKING VS. DOING:

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➾ T H I NKIN G VS. DOIN G

remember the trip my wife and I took in 2015 to the British Virgin Islands to present our Visioning Program to a Rotary International Conference. As we island hopped one gorgeous, sunny day, we looked over the bow of our boat to an island with a white sand beach, only to be informed by our local guide that the shaggy blonde haired man in shorts and flip flops was none other than Richard Branson. According to the locals, this was a pretty normal sight for them. As founder of a multi-billion dollar conglomerate, there he was on his 74-acre retreat island that he owns, apparently working where he usually does…on the beach…thinking. Branson, of course, is far from a negligent founder. He has managers running the various businesses that make up the Virgin Group and he visits his companies regularly, but does not manage the dayto-day operations of any of his businesses, which frees up his time to think. The Train Conductor vs. the Thinker

Your role as a CEO can be divided into two buckets: one for managing and the other for thinking. The managing bucket is where, metaphorically speaking, you ensure the trains all run on time. In this role, you’re establishing goals for your employees and holding them accountable for achieving their targets. You’re making sure your products and services are of a high quality and that your biggest customers are happy. When you’re operating as a manager, you’re scouring your company looking for small enhancements every day. This obsession with continuous improvement is what big companies call “Six Sigma thinking,” but you probably just think of it as building a great company. The other bucket is reserved for thinking and it’s where you create the future of your company. In this visionary time, you get to design new products, imagine new ways of serving customers, or contemplate where you could take your business in the years ahead. Your visionary hours are spent dreaming and imagining what your business could be, instead of worrying about what it is today.

The Most Valuable Companies

The question is, how much of your time should you devote to each role? If your goal is to create a more valuable business—one that someone might like to buy one day — our data reveals that you should start gradually increasing the time you spend on thinking and hire someone else to do the managing. For example, after analyzing more than 20,000 businesses who have received their Value Builder Score (a comprehensive assessment of the “sellability” of your business), we have discovered that companies of owners who know each of their customers by first name (i.e., managers) trade at just 2.9 times their pre-tax profit, whereas the companies of owners who do not know their customers’ first names (i.e., thinkers) trade at closer to 5 times pre-tax profit. Further, companies that would suffer if their owners were unable to come to work for three months, receive significantly lower offers when compared to companies that would not feel the absence of the owner for a month or two. Finally, in a recent survey of merger and acquisition (M&A) professionals, we asked who they like to see an owner hire if they can only afford one “C-level” executive. The M&A professionals overwhelmingly identified a general manager/second-in-command/ integrator as the most important role a founder can fill ahead of a chief revenue, marketing or financial officer. In short, the owners of the most valuable businesses have found managers to ensure the trains run on time while they spend an increasing amount of their energy thinking about what’s next for their business.

PRESIDENT OF RESULTANTS FOR BUSINESS, STEVE WILCOX,

is an entrepreneurial owner, Business Advisor, EOS Implementer, and Certified Value Builder Coach. Connect with Steve and other RFB® Business Development Advisors at www.TheResultants.com/team.

may 17

MNLA .biz

THE IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE ON

HERBICIDE ACTIVITY Research results prove valuable for landscape managers.

Jennifer Gray | Horticultural Research Institute

MNLA .biz

may 17

eeds are arguably the most common pest problem in landscape management. Almost everyone can spot a weed, especially when it’s chickweed sticking out like a sore thumb in a stand of dormant bermudagrass in March. Landscape managers face the challenge of scheduling a variety of activities and, as a consequence, can struggle to stay ahead of spring weed control. Often the first herbicide application is timed in conjunction with mulch laying, creating a labor bottleneck. One strategy to overcome this is to move herbicide applications from springtime to typically less-busy periods, such as late fall/early winter or late winter. This leads landscape managers to ask: do herbicides still work when applied in cool temperatures? Research on just this subject was recently reported in the Journal of Environmental Horticulture (JEH), the publication of the Horticultural Research Institute. JEH is the only peer-reviewed, scientific journal dedicated to the green industry and serves as the outlet for research pertinent to our industry. “In an already tight labor market, the importance of keeping up with the latest weed control research strategies regarding timing and efficacy of applications cannot be taken for granted by today’s landscape manager. In my role, I am very interested in the effects of temperature on weed control strategies, so that I can spread the traditional seasonal workload across twelve months in an attempt to retain more personnel year-round while improving quality and reducing potential overtime costs,” adds Joe Ketterer, Director of Quality and Efficiency with Ruppert Landscape. Weed scientists agree that air temperature impacts how well an herbicide works. When applied during cool temperatures, herbicides generally do not work as well as when applied during warm temperatures. This is due to a few factors. First of all, plants’ growth and metabolism slow dramatically in cool weather, which lessens herbicide absorption and translocation within the plant. Secondly, certain physiological changes occur in plants in response to cool temperatures. For example, the wax layer coating plant leaves gets thicker, which limits herbicide

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➾ H E R B ICIDE ACTIVITY

penetration (and ultimately efficacy). The increased wax layer also creates a hydrophobic environment, which decreases an herbicide’s leaf wetting capability. Herbicide formulation merits a mention in this discussion as well, because it may overcome some of the above-mentioned impediments. Ester formulations, as opposed to amines, are more soluble in the plant cuticle – which means it has a better chance of breaching a fortified wax layer – and are more easily absorbed by plants. Combining a contact herbicide (such as carfentrazone or sulfentrazone) with a systemic (such as 2,4-D or dicamba) is another tactic to increase weed control. Dr. Jeff Derr, Virginia Tech, conducted a series of experiments that accounted for these variables. He assessed the impact of temperature on herbicide efficacy against winter annuals (ivyleaf speedwell, henbit, common chickweed, and purple deadnettle) in turfgrass (both cool and warm season varieties). Contact and systemic herbicide activity was compared alone and in premix combinations, and both ester and amine formulations were included. The following products were tested: • Surge (sulfentrazone + 2,4-D, amine + MCPP + dicamba) • QuickSilver (carfentrazone) • SpeedZone Southern (carfentrazone + 2,4-D, ester + MCPP + dicamba) • PowerZone (carfentrazone + MCPA, ester + MCPP + dicamba)

impact of colder air temperatures on the effectiveness of herbicides used for controlling emerged broadleaf weeds. Unless weeds need to be controlled very quickly, landscape managers have a wider window of opportunity to spray post-emergence broadleaf herbicides than previously thought,” said Dr. Derr. Using a combination of contact and systemic herbicides, whether a custom tank mix blend or a premix product, increases the chances of winter annual weed control. Products containing carfentrazone (a contact) premixed with a systemic herbicide(s) controlled weeds better than a systemic applied alone. However, premix products in this study contained ester formulations, which also could explain the enhanced performance. Following with previous studies, Dr. Derr concluded that temperature did affect herbicide activity. Overall, herbicide applications made during warmer temperatures (65° F), injured weeds faster than when made during cooler temperatures (45° F). However within three weeks after application, weed control was the same, regardless of whether applications were made during warm or cool temperatures. If a landscape manager opts to prioritize speed of weed control, according to their customers’ preference, then herbicide applications should be made in warmer weather conditions. On the other hand if time management is a higher priority, herbicides can be applied during cooler weather, when more labor may be available. Selecting ester formulations and combining a contact with systemic(s) products may ensure greater success during cooler temperature applications.

• SpeedZone (carfentrazone + 2,4-D, ester + MCPP + dicamba) • Trimec Classic (2,4-D, amine + MCPP + dicamba) The study results proved valuable for landscape managers. “Control of winter weeds is an important concern for lawn care companies, golf course superintendents, sports turf managers, and others maintaining landscape areas. A concern in winter is the 56

MNLA .biz

may 17

FOR MORE INFORMATION, please read the article in full: 2016. Derr, J. and T. Serensits. Impact of application temperature on broadleaf herbicide efficacy. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 34(4):123-130. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, please contact Jennifer Gray, HRI Administrator, at 614-884-1155 or jenniferg@americanhort.org.

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8 STEPS TO OVERCOMING

THE PARALYZING POWER OF INERTIA Tom Borg | Tom Borg Consulting This article first appeared in Irrigation & Green Industry Magazine.

➾ I N E RT I A

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MNLA .biz

may 17

few years back I attended a Detroit Tiger Baseball Fantasy Camp in Lakeland, Florida. For those of you that don’t know, this type of fantasy camp is where you actually get a chance to play live baseball with other non-professional players who are called campers. Your team is coached by two former major league players and the week is spent playing against other teams of campers. At the end of the week of playing the grand old game in the warmth and sun of Florida, your team has the opportunity to square off and actually play a game against former professional baseball players. It was a fabulous experience. During the week we attended coaching sessions conducted by the former players. One batting instruction session was conducted by the now late Gates Brown. In his prime, Gates was a highly respected pinch-hitting icon for the Detroit Tigers. On that very pleasant sunny morning, Gates had many of us campers find a seat on the bleachers along the first base line at Henley Field, which serves as one of the practice fields in the Tiger Town complex. He started off by welcoming us to the camp in his trademark booming and powerful voice. He mentioned the fact that since many of us were in our early forties, fifties, or sixties, did not play baseball on a regular basis (if it all), and since it was the beginning of February, we probably were not in tip-top shape. He then shared with us some valuable advice: “Start out slow, and … taper off.” Although his words were meant to protect us from pulling a hamstring or groin muscle, many of us laughed. How could you expect to do much if you just started out slow at something and tapered off to a total stop? But later, as I thought about his advice, I was hit with how this philosophy so often was applied to small business and the initiatives they launch; initiatives to improve their organization and take it to the next level. It seems almost commonplace that the leadership of a green industry company begins a new strategy to build their business, but it will soon run out of steam and fall flat on its face. Make no mistake about it, the most debilitating power that can paralyze any small business is the power of inertia. Here are my eight steps to prevent this paralyzing habit from thwarting your small business growth. First, identify the specific goal you and your team are trying to accomplish. It has been said, “A task well-defined is half done.” Take

the time to clearly define what it is it that needs to be addressed. For example, a new piece of equipment needs to be purchased so that your production team can increase their productivity efficiency. Purchasing this machine will require additional training for all of the personnel assigned to using it. This will require scheduling additional hours for these employees to effectively learn and use this piece of equipment. Next, list all of the benefits of achieving this goal. The purpose of doing this is that it will validate the time and the capital investment necessary to follow through on this initiative. Third, list all of the negative things that will result if you do not follow through on the purchase of this piece of equipment and participate in the training. The purpose of creating this list is that it will make clear the consequences for not following through, which can be more convincing to those who were opposed, because of the changes that will occur during the implementation process. The fourth step is to choose the specific strategies you will employ to successfully accomplish this goal. For example, in purchasing this piece of equipment, you will need to identify the right type of equipment, and from which manufacturer to purchase it. The fifth step is to identify the person or individuals who will be responsible for following through with the selection, and ordering of this piece of equipment. Also, identify who will coordinate and schedule the training of your team members. The sixth step is to set a timeline by which the equipment will be ordered and all training completed. This is a critical part of the process for making sure the goal gets accomplished in a timely manner. Make sure you build in buffer time for any unforeseen bumps in the road that may slow or temporarily derail the project. The seventh step is to receive progress reports on how the project is coming along and make necessary adjustments as needed along the way. Here, it is important to keep communication lines open, so that everyone is informed of how closely the project is adhering to the timeline. Finally, once the goal is reached, celebrate! Far too often small business owners don’t

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Some suggestions for doing this could include making a special announcement during a company meeting, and asking the team members involved in the accomplishment, to stand up and say a few words. take the time to enjoy the goals they and their team members have accomplished. They miss the opportunity to stop for a few moments and enjoy the journey of experiencing the stepping stones of success. Some suggestions for doing this could include making a special announcement during a company meeting, and asking the team members involved in the accomplishment, to stand up and say a few words. To make it more memorable you could take a few moments to toast the accomplishment with champagne or a non-alcoholic beverage of choice. Some of my clients celebrate by throwing a barbecue or heading over to the local bar and grill after work. Another way to celebrate successes is to write a post about it on your company blog or in your newsletter. Some businesses pin achievements on the bulletin board in their conference or lunch room. Research shows that companies that make it a priority to celebrate milestones on a regular basis build a stronger culture. This is a powerful opportunity to allow all of your team members to pause and take the time to smell the roses, and enjoy the journey of being a member of your team. So, to avoid starting out slow and tapering off on any initiatives to improve your green industry business, use these eight steps. You will be glad that you did, and so will your clients. works with small and mid-size green industry companies to effectively and profitably improve customer acquisition and retention. Contact Tom at (734) 404-5909 or email him at tom@ tomborg.com or visit his website at www. tomborgconsulting.com. TOM BORG

➾ NE T WORKIN G N EWS

NETWORKING NEWS NURSERY COMMITTEE CHAIR:

Brenda Wickenhauser Bailey Nurseries

LANDSCAPE DESIGN COMMITTEE CHAIR:

Steve Modrow biota Landscapes

ARBORIST & TREE CARE COMMITTEE CHAIR:

Jim Walsh Vineland Treecare

Nursery Networking Group leader, Brenda Wickenhauser, Bailey Nurseries, planned a meeting and tour for the group on March 2nd. The group discussed their concerns for the upcoming growing season, and Rock Kelly, Bachman’s, Inc., led discussion on how growers are dealing with Bur Oak Blight. On the tour, Bailey’s Farm managers shared what this coming year’s crop is looking like.

The Landscape Design Networking Group met on March 22nd at Bent Brewstillery in Roseville. The group, led by Steve Modrow, biota Landscapes, spent time brainstorming new ideas and vision for the August Landscape Design Tour. The group also discussed planning an event for the summer — a tour of the of Webber Park pool in N. Minneapolis, or perhaps the newly opened Sculpture Garden at the Walker.

The Arborist and Tree Care Networking Group met on January 19TH at Fair State Brewing. MNLA Government Affairs Director, Alicia Munson, attended to connect with this group and hear how MNLA can best support our arborist and tree care members. The group also met on March 1st. They encouraged arborists and tree care professionals to attend the free MDA EAB Workshop being held that afternoon in St. Paul, and then invited everyone to meet up at Lake Monster Brewing after the workshop. The final meeting before the season for the arborists was on March 23rd at Utepils Brewing in Minneapolis. Many thanks to Jim Walsh, Vineland Tree Care, for keeping the arborists and tree care professionals connected, and for keeping the local breweries in business.

(Left): Keith Karch, arborist with Vineland Tree Care. (Right): Branch and Bough Tree Service, Hiawatha Tree Services, Vineland Tree Care and MNLA staff

Interested in Receiving Networking Notices? If you would like to receive email notice of networking group meetings/events, contact Sue Flynn (susan@mnla.biz) and let her know which group you are interested in.

MNLA .biz

may 17

➾ M E M BE R N E W S

TIME TO RENEW!

RENEW TODAY!

It’s that time of year — keep an eye out for your 2017–2018 membership dues renewal email notices. In order to save the association printing and mailing costs, please return your renewal promptly.

NEW THIS YEAR!

MNLA now offers a “Delayed Payment Option.” Provide your credit card information today and you won't be charged before August 15th (you must select option on renewal form). With summer approaching, we encourage you to take a minute to reassess your business needs. Don’t pay more than you have to! Please take a moment to review the MNLA Member-Only Exclusive Benefits at www.mnla.biz. Sign in, and take a look under the “MEMBERS ONLY” menu. Let us help you save on your bottom line! Feel free to contact the MNLA office if we can be of any assistance to you during the renewal process or for any of our products and services offered. We are available at 651-6334987 or mnla@mnla.biz. Your continued support and involvement as a member of the Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association is greatly appreciated. Providing you with education, legislative representation, networking, and other member services is why MNLA exists.

MNLA .biz

may 17

➾ ME MBER PROFILE (continued from page 15)

So we have become a place where you can buy time in the age of the tree. Since 2010, we’ve had a couple of new bigger spades and new loaders so we can dig our customers that 24-foot evergreen tree. We can even dig you a 25-foot oak tree and get you some shade pretty quick. Q. Are there certain values that are the foundation of your business? A. Getting a good quality tree out to the customer is always important. But we also want to be mindful of the environment and what we are doing. A lot of people ask about the fact that we are digging all the dirt away. Because of the amount of construction around here we are able to buy dirt pretty cheap so when we dig one of those big trees out those holes take about two or three yards of black dirt and we can economically fill that hole. We don’t just push the dirt around because there wouldn’t be anything left for my grandson. So we are always mindful. And we are lucky to dig up 70 percent of the trees we plant. And we’ve always tried to stay ahead of the curve, too. For instance, I started planting serviceberry trees and Meyers Spruce trees long before they became popular. We’ve had to adjust to what the market is, what people want and it’s a little difficult to plan that in advance. We plant stuff, test it and observe it for five to eight years and we might not plant many or if it is doing well we’ll plant a bunch of it. We are always looking at what type of tree to grow next and what our customers are interested in.

Our writer is always looking for a good story. Email jon@mnla.biz and we’ll discuss the next steps.

INTERESTED IN BEING PROFILED IN THE SCOOP?

Digging a 24' Norway Spruce, guiding the tree into basket & burlap.

2016 GILI CONGRATULATIONS TO THE 2016 CLASS OF THE GREEN INDUSTRY LEADERSHIP INSTITUTE! All members of the 2016 class of the Green Industry Leadership Institute were honored at the brand new Green Industry Awards Celebration held at Northern Green 2017. Steve & Terri Wilcox of Resultants for Business took part in awarding the Certificates of Completion the graduates earned for successfully fulfilling all the requirements of the Leadership Institute. The 2017 Green Industry Leadership Institute is off and running with another full class. In fact, all four years of the Leadership Institute have been sellouts. The Networking Committee has been working on a brand new Green Industry Leadership program which is targeting a launch in January of 2018. Look for an announcement soon!

The 2016 Class: Nick Baker, Prescription Landscape Caitlin Bergh, Bailey Nurseries Brent Cooper, Rainbow Treecare Doug Danielsen, Bachman’s Wholesale Nursery & Hardscapes Phil David, Sargent’s Gardens Elise Eide, Hedberg Supply Luis Elizondo, Bailey Nurseries Carolyn Johnson, Field Outdoor Spaces, Inc.

Theo Lenneman, Southview Design Kelly Lindell, Ground One Enterprises Anne Matzek, Sargent’s Nursery, Inc. Paul Roerick, Central Landscape Supply, Inc. Justin Schwarzrock, Rainbow Treecare Tony Shroyer, Prescription Landscape Ron Soukup, Irrigation by Design John Thell, Hoffman and McNamara

may 17

MNLA .biz

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PER GALLON*

Save 10¢/gallon for the first 90 days, then save 5¢ on every gallon purchased at Holiday Stationstores.

Save up to $6,550 when you purchase a vehicle with GM Fleet and Commercial.

O PR

TIFIE

Our Spanish for the Green Industry Pocket Reference Guide helps clarify communications in the field.

SSIO

Professional Development

Save 10¢/gallon for the first 90 days, then save 8¢ on every gallon purchased at SuperAmerica.

Volume Discounts on Garden Center Trays

Bulk volume discounts on garden center trays.

MNLA Certified Professional Manual - online and FREE for members.

Break into the mobile world with MNLA’s incredibly affordable Garden Center/Retail App.

The Builders Group (TBG) is the largest writer of workers’ compensation in Minnesota, is self-insured, and has one of the lowest loss ratios and high member retention.

Receive a discounted rate from Zlimen & McGuiness, PLLC, who have over 25 years combined experience as small business owners in construction and landscaping.

Save on registration for MNLA events, tours, seminars, and conferences, including Northern Green.

Want to reach members with your product, service or message? Save on advertisements in MNLA publications, and on marketing packages at Northern Green.

Marketing Discounts

For more information, visit www.MNLA.biz or contact Mary at 651-633-4987 or mary@mnla.biz.

➾ ME MBER N EWS

WELCOME NEW MNLA MEMBERS! ADM Brian Woodke Schaller, IA, 712-275-4226

JavaCycle James Curren Faribault, MN, 507-412-1733

Sharp Delivery Service, Inc. Edward McCallum Isanti, MN, 651-353-3519

Bella Terra Landscaping Keegan Hartley Duluth, MN, 218-341-4443

LawnCrafters Andy McGuire Mankato, MN, 507-382-2090

Thorsen Lawn Care LLC Scott Thorsen North St. Paul, MN, 651-503-3824

Black Diamond Landscaping Neil Grittner Rogers, MN, 612-600-9520

Minnesota Asphalt Maintenance James Mickle St. Paul, MN, 651-797-2615

Tro-Jen Farms Troy Schwab Elk River, MN, 612-810-8595

Blue Sage Gardens Brenda Gotvald Hillman, MN, 320-293-4710

No Mow No Snow Landscapes, Inc. Justin Anderson White Bear Lake, MN, 612-387-5148

Weekend Extensions LLC Kristy Jukish Deerwood, MN, 218-838-4995

Colter&Co LLC Steven Bright Waite Park, MN, 320-281-9007

North Ridge Outdoor Services Nick Reitberger Rosemount, MN, 651-245-2737

Custom Products and Services James Mika Minneapolis, MN, 612-782-6930

Quad E Companies, Inc. Elizabeth Ennenga Lakeville, MN, 612-462-0629

Devine’s Plumbing Service Mike DeVine Forest Lake, MN, 651-492-1283

RL Larson Excavating Brent Hamak St. Cloud, MN, 320-654-0709

GroundsCare Inc/PermaGreen Landscapes Todd Billadeau Hamel, MN, 952-924-2441

Scaffold Service, Inc Jack Katzenberger St Paul, MN, 651-646-4600

IN MEMORIAM The Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association would like to express its deepest sympathy to the family and friends of Timothy Meehan, Meehan Bros. Landscape Nursery, a long-time member of the Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association. Below is a copy of the obituary: Timothy Stephen Meehan, born January 31, 1958 passed away peacefully on March 24, 2017. He is survived by his wife Vicki; siblings Rosita, Susan, James, and Roseann. Preceded in death by his parents James and Helen, and siblings Mary Jane and Kathleen. Tim was the second generation of Meehan Bros. Landscape Nursery, Inc. which operated in Lake Elmo and Shafer, Minnesota since 1935. He loved making the world beautiful and will be dearly missed by all his friends and family.

SCOOP CLASSIFIEDS TREE FARM — Established successful retail tree farm for sale in Southeast Metro. Complete information at www.buymytreefarm.com Contact Jerry at 651-245-7978

Searching for your next great employee? Looking for a buyer? Place a Scoop classified ad. Contact Faith Jensen, 952-934-2891 faith@pierreproductions.com.

may 17

MNLA .biz

â&#x17E;¾ LA S T WORD

LAST WORD Wednesday, August 23, 2017

Member Appreciation Day Mem ber

Donuts in the morning! (FREE) Ice cream in the afternoon! (FREE) A summer buffet and baseball in the evening! ($25)

Day At MNLA Headquarters 1813 Lexington Ave N, Roseville, MN 55113

7:00-10:00 am

12:30-3:00 pm

(FREE, NO RSVP REQUIRED!)

Drive-in for donuts & coffee!

Stop by for soft-serve!

At CHS Field

360 N Broadway St, St Paul, MN 55101

5:30 pm

Kick back with a cold brew and a baseball game! $25 gets you a full summer buffet and a great spot to watch the Saints game with MNLA friends! Bring your co-workers, friends, and family for this fun outing! Seats are limited and registration is required. Visit www.MNLA.biz or call Sue Flynn at 651-633-4987 to secure your spots now! 70

MNLA .biz

may 17

MNLA FOUNDATION Improving the Environment by Investing in Research and Education

PARTNERS FUND You are encouraged to participate in the Research & Education Partners Fund at one of the participating suppliers recognized below. Your voluntary donation of Â¼ of 1% (0.25%) on purchases of plants and other nursery, greenhouse and landscape products at these suppliers is used by the MNLA Foundation to grow a brighter future for the industry. On an invoice totaling $1,000 at one of these suppliers, your contribution will be only $2.50. Your individual contribution is small, but collectively these small contributions will add up to make a real difference!

WHOLESALE NURSERY & HARDSCAPES

YOUR TRUSTED PARTNER

Research for the Real World

Career Development & Promotion

L A N D S C A P E + M A S O N RY

Scholarships

READY FOR THE JOB What you need, when you need it Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll find everything you need to get the job done right at Ziegler Rental, starting with the youngest and largest rental fleet in the region. In addition to the full line of CatÂŽ equipment, our rental fleet includes machines and tools from other leading brands like Master Craft, Sullair, Toro, Vermeer, and Wacker Neuson.

Call 888.468.0177 or visit us online for instant price quotes.