Crossing Points Between Collective Private Commissioning and the Housing Demands of the 21st Century

( R E ) S EA R C H FO R C R O S S I N G P OI NTS b e t we e n

DEMANDS OF THE ST 21 C ENTU RY

COLLEC TIVE PR I V ATE COM M I S S IONING

Is Co l l e c ti v e P r iv at e C o m missio n in g t h e An sw e r t o t h e H o using D emands of the 21 st C entury?

A rea of researc h: c ol l e ct i v e pr i v a t e co m m i ss i o n i n g, de m a n d s of the p e op le to the ir hom e s

( R E) S E A RC H F O R CR O SSI N G P O I NTS between C O L L E C T I VE P R I VA T E CO M M I SSI ONING a nd D EM A N D S O F T HE 2 1 S T CE N T UR Y

D e l f t Un iv ersity of Tec hnol ogy F a culty o f Archi tec tu re C h a i r o f Arch itec tu re and Dwel l i ng 0 9 /0 1 /2 0 1 4

D a n ny d e Weerdt 4158059 T s v e tom ira Nekova 4257529

G r a duation S tu di o: At Home i n the C i t y M s c 3 /4 , F all 2 013, A R3ADI 30

S t u dio T ut o rs: B ir g it J端rgen h ake P a u l Kuit en b ro u w er

A C K N OW L ED GM EN T S

T h i s r e se a r ch wa s d e ve lop e d w ithin the f ram e of Ms c 3 of

dwe l l i n g s t u di o " A t H o m e in the C ity " , Fa c u lty of A rc hite c tu re , TU De l ft . T h e pr o cce ss wa s g u id e d and s u p p orte d b y B irg it J 端 rg e nhake a n d P a u l K u i t e n br o u wer w hos e he lp w e hig hly ap p re c ia te . The y pr o v i de d u s wi t h pr o fe s s iona l ad vic e , c om m e nts and m ore ove r w ith pe r so n a l be h a v i o u r t o ou r inte re s ts a nd aim s .

Of a gr e a t i m po rta nc e f or u s w a s a ls o the f ru itf u l tim e d u ring

t h e se m i n a r wi t h Di r k va n d e n H e u ve l w ho org a niz e d ins p irational l e ct u r e s a n d di scu s si o n s .

L a s t bu t n o t l e a s t, w e w ou ld like to tha nk ou r g rou p m a te s f or

t h e i r o pi n i o n s, a dv i ce s a nd m os tly f or the nic e tim e w hic h w e s p e nt t o ge t h e r .

C ONTENT

I . In t r odu cti o n.......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................... 08

1.

S t arti ng poi nt................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .08

2.

Pro bl em Statement..................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .08

3.

R es earc h qu esti ons............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08

4 . Definitions......................................................................................................................................09

5 . G o al............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. 09

6.

II.

Theoretical framework............................................................................................................................12

A.

C ol l ec ti ve Pri vate Comm i ss i o n i n g (C P C ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... 12

1.

Present ec onomi c al si tu a t i o n ...................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

2.

Th e i dea behi nd CPC.... ............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.

U rban sc hemes and CPC ............................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.

Desi g n featu res of CPC pr o j e ct s................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5.

C o nc l u si ons c onc erni ng fu t u r e pr o j e ct s de si gn e d u n de r C P C de ve lop m e nt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

B.

D emands of the 21st c e n t u r y...................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1.

C h arac teri sti c s of the i n v e st i ga t e d pe o pl e ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

2.

C PC and the researc hed gr o u ps................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

3.

Expec tati ons of a home ............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.

C o nc l u si ons c onc erni ng t h e h o u si n g de m a n ds o f t h e 2 1 st ce n t ury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Method........................ ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................... 10

III.

Case st u dy a na l ysi s............................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1.

2 . Wallisblock.....................................................................................................................................29

3 . Vrijburcht.......................................................................................................................................39

4.

Egebakk en Commu ni ty H o u si n g................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

5.

Esmarc hstrasse 3 (E 3).... .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

De Hoofden.................. .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

I V . Con clu sio ns.......................... .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

A. C on cerni ng the anal i zed d a t a........................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

B. C o n cerni ng the desi gn.................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Lit er at u r e l i st......................... .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

I . I n t r odu ct ion

m o r e pr o j e ct s u n de r C P C a n d t h i s

a nd d e ve lop e rs a re b ailing ou t. 4 A

ca n a l s o be s e e n i n t h e i n cr e a si n g

tre nd to f ill the s e ' g ap s ' is c olle c tive

1 . S t ar t in g point

pu bl i ca t i o n s , st u di e s a n d a r t i cl e s o n

p riva te c om m is s ioning . This c onc e p t

t h i s t o pi c. T h e Du t ch go v e r n m e n t

s kip s the b ig inve s tors , w hic h m a ke s it

f r o m t h e last years i nfl u enc ed the

a l so fo cu se d o n pr i v a t e i n i t i a t i v e s and

p os s ib le to b u ild b y p rivate initiators ,

h o u s in g m arke t whi c h has resu l ted

i n 2 0 0 0 t h e t a r ge t wa s fo r m u l a t e d to

b u t w ill this w ay of b u ild ing le a d to

in n e w ways of fu ndi ng bu i l di ng

co n st r u ct a t l e a st 3 0 % o f t h e h o u s ing

hou s ing tha t m e e ts the d e m a nd s of

in it i ativ es. Th e dec rease of l arge

t h r o u gh pr i v a t e co m m i s si o n i n g i n

the 21 s t c e ntu ry ?

h o u s in g in it iati ves l ed to c hanges i n

2 0 0 5 . (a t t h a t t i m e t h i s wa s l e ss t h a n

t h e b uild in g in du stry, the arc hi tec tu r e

5 % ). 3 T h i s go a l di d n o t a ppe a r e t o b e

3. Research questions

m a r ket an d th e profi l e of the c l i ent s .

fe a s i bl e a n d i t wa s ca n ce l e d i n 2 006.

B e s i d es th e cris i s, the Du tc h soc i ety

p e rs p e c tive tha n j u s t a na ly s ing the

h a s b eco m e more i ndi vi du al i sed. I n

t h e pr e se n t si t u a t i o n a n d t h e fu t u re

p he nom e nom its e lf and re f e re nc e

t h e p ast , p eo pl e were l ess ru shed

de v e l o pm e n t o f dwe l l i n g, C P C wi ll

p roj e c ts that w e re b u ilt in p riva te

a n d less stressed. Du ri ng the l ast

be i n v e st i ga t e d i n t h e co n t e x t o f the

c om m is s ioning , w e d e c id e d to

t h r e e d ecad es, the soc i al c ohesi on

pr e s e n t s i t u a t i o n a n d m o r e spe ci fic

c om p a re the f e a tu re s of this m od e l to

a m o n g th e p eopl e has reac hed an

i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e de m a n ds o f t h e

the d e m a nd s f or d w e lling in the 21 s t

a ll- t im e lo w. 1 These new c i rc u mstan ce s

pe o pl e wh o wi l l bu y a h o m e i n t h e 21 s t

c e ntu ry . The f ollow ing q u e s tion w ill

le a d to d if f erent ways of desi gni ng

ce n t u r y.

g ive d ire c tion to ou r re s e arc h:

d e man d s o f th e mark et.

2. Pr ob l em s ta tem ent

Is CP C t h e a n s w e r t o t h e h o u s i n g

d e m a n d s o f t h e 2 1 st c e n t u r y ?

T h e p o o r ec onomi c al si tu ati o n

2

I n o r de r t o ge t a cl e a r i m a ge of

To look a t C P C in a w id e r

a n d b uild in g h ou ses w hi c h meet the O n e of the possi bl e sol u ti ons

Du e t o t h e cr i si s, t h e pr o du c tion

f o r b uild in g in the fi nanc i al c ri si s i s

o f h o u si n g pr o j e ct s i s st r o n gl y r e duc e d

co l lect iv e p riv a te c ommi ssi oni ng

i n t h e N e t h e r l a n ds. M a n y e m pt y l ots ,

( CP C) . T h e at t enti on i s attrac ted by

r e a dy t o be bu i l t , a r e wa i t i n g fo r

c ons is ts of 2 p arts . Firs t, the c olle c tive

t h e t en d en cy of real i zi ng more and

i n v e s t m e n t s , bu t h o u si n g a ss o ci a t ions

p riva te c om m is s ioning w ill b e

1 2 3 4

8

H uren k am p, M e nno, Game re n , D i c k v a n, Game re n , D i c k v a n, Game re n , D i c k v a n,

The re s e arc h w ill the re f ore

a nd Ev e lie n T onk e ns . De Onb eho lp en Sa menlev ing. Amst erda m: Amster d am Uni ver s i ty Pr es s , 2011: p. 10. e t . a l. D a s h# 8 : B uild ing To get her. Ro t t erda m: na i0 1 0 u it gev ers, 2 0 1 3 : p. 6. e t . a l. D a s h# 8 : B uild ing To get her. Ro t t erda m: na i0 1 0 u it gev ers, 2 0 1 3 : p. 5. e t . a l. D a s h# 8 : B uild ing To get her. Ro t t erda m: na i0 1 0 u it gev ers, 2 0 1 3 : p. 5.

d e s crib ed , lead by several su b-

4. D ef i ni ti ons

S ha re d s p a c e

q ue stion s:

z one s w hic h inha b itants p as s throu g h

p r e s en t eco n o mi c al si tu ati on rec en t l y

m e a n i n g. So m e o f t h e s e t e r m s a r e

a re c ons id e re d as s hare d s p a c e s .

le d t o so m an y real i zati ons of CPC

fl e x i bi l i t y, di v e r s i t y, sh a r e d a n d

S u c h z one s a re s tairc a s e s , p as s a g e s ,

p r o j e cts?

co l l e ct i v e s pa ce , bu i l di n g gr o u p.

ha llw a y s , e tc .

F l e x i bi l i t y

C olle c tive s p a c e

2.

Wh at aspec ts of the

I n the c a s e s tu d y ana ly s is ,

so m e t e r m s a r e u se d wi t h a spe ci f ic

1.

I n t h e fo l l o wi n g t e x t a n d a n a ly s is

Wh at i s the i dea of the

m o d el?

3.

Wh i c h u rban desi gn

T h e r e i s n o cl e a r de fi n i t i o n o n

The s e z one s a re the p la c e s

a p p ro ach is rel evant for projec ts

t h i s t e r m , h o we v e r , i t r e fe r s t o " t h e

w he re the inhab itants of the b u ild ing

d e v e lop ed un der CPC?

a bi l i t y o f spa ce - i n do o r s o r o u t do o rs -

s p e nd tim e tog e the r - c ou rty a rd s ,

t o ch a n ge , a n d t o t h e a bi l i t y o f

te rra c e s , s p e c ial room s in the b u ild ing ,

f e a t u res o f th ese projec ts and at

bu i l di n gs t o a s su m e n e w fu n ct i o n s " 5 .

e tc .

w h a t lev el of the desi gn c an they be

I n t h e r e se a r ch t h e fl e x i bi l i t y i s u se d in

im plem en ted ?

t e r m s o f t h e po ss i bi l i t y t o ch a n ge the

B u ild ing g rou p

l a yo u t du r i n g t h e e x pl o i t a t i o n pe r iod

o f t h e bu i l di n g a s we l l a s a ft e r wa rd s .

b u ild tog e the r a b u ild ing w hic h the y

4.

Wh i c h are the desi g n

T o co m p are the CPC w i th the

d e man d s o f th e c u rrent desi res i n

G rou p of p e op le w ho d e c id e to

w ill inhab it.

h o u s in g, th e d emands of the 21 s t

Di v e r s i t y

ce n tury sh ould al so be researc hed :

u n de r st o o d a s a n u m be r o f o pt i o n s

fr o m wh i ch t h e u se r ca n ch o o s e .

q u e s tions , a b roa d vie w on the ke y

T h e se o pt i o n s ca n be fo u n d i n s e ve ra l

e le m e nts of C P C a nd the hou s ing

a s pe ct s o f t h e a n a l i s e d pr o j e ct s :

d e m and s of the 21s t c e ntu ry w ill b e

di ffe r e n t dwe l l i n g t ypo l o gi e s , di ffere nt

g e ne ra te d . A f te r that w e w ill b e ab le

spa ce s i n t e r m s o f pu bl i c, co l l e ct i ve

to s e e w ha t the inte rs e c tions a re

o r pr i v a t e ch a r a ct e r a n d di ffe r e n t

b e tw e e n the s e tw o top ic s and to w hat

pr o gr a m .

e x te nt the y c an w ork tog e the r.

1.

Wh at are the needs and

t h e exp ectat ions 21

st

c entu ry peopl e

h a v e in regard to thei r homes?

5

I n t h e r e s e a r ch , t h e t e r m i s

5. Goal B y looking into a ll the s e

Bos m a, Ko o s, e t. a l. H ou s ing f or t he Millio ns: Jo hn H a rb ra k en a nd t he SAR (1 9 6 0 -2 0 0 0 ), Ro tter d am, NAi Publ i s her , 2000: p. 76

9

A s a result we wi l l gai n arc hi tec tu ra l

ch o se n i n o r de r t o s h o w k e y e l e m e nts .

t o o l s an d key poi nts whi c h c an be

in co rp orat ed in ou r i ndi vi du al desi g n

e a ch ca se st u dy a co m pa r a t i v e t a b le

p r o j e cts f or Island 7 at Hou thavens ,

wi l l sh o w t o wh a t e x t e n t t h e pr o j e c t

A ms terd am .

co v e r s t h e de m a n ds o f t h e pe o pl e.

F r o m t h i s , a co n cl u s i o n a bo u t t h e

By in v est i g ati ng both topi c s,

I n t h e e n d o f t h e a n a l ys i s o f

k n o w led ge ab ou t the fu tu re

cr o ss i n g po i n t s be t we e n t h e C P C

d e v e lop m en t and desi gn of dw el l i n gs

pr o j e ct s a n d t h e de m a n ds o f t h e 2 1 s t

w ill be gat h ered. I t c an al so hel p

ce n t u r y ca n be di s t i l l e d.

a r ch it ects to get i n tou c h wi th new

clie n ts. Th ro ugh the bu i l di ng grou ps

pr e s e n t e d i n t h e s ch e m e o n t h e r i g ht

a r ch it ects can meet potenti al c l i ent s.

(F i g. I . 1 ).

T o m eet th e d emands of these s pe cif ic clien t s, the arc hi tec t has d i f f eren t p ossibl e approac hes to ge t t o t h e righ t d esi g n whi c h sati sfy bo t h d e s ign er an d u ser.

6 . M et h od

In th e researc h, both theoreti ca l

a n d p ract ical k nowl edge wi l l be g a in ed t h ro ugh c ol l ec ti ng , observi n g a n d an alysin g rel evant l i teratu re on o n e h an d , an d anal yzi ng di fferent ca s e stud ies o n the other.

In th e th eoreti c al part, the

r e a s earch q ue sti ons wi l l be answ er e d.

A f t e r t h at each of the c ase stu di es w ill be exam in ed on several c ri teri a ,

10

T h e st r u ct u r e o f t h e r e se a r ch is

I s C P C t h e an sw e r t o t h e h o u sin g de man ds of the 21 st century?

T h e o re t ic al F rame w o rk

C ase Study Analysis

De man ds

CPC

• P rog ram • Tra ns ition f rom p u b lic

• C h a r a ct e r i s t i cs

• E con omical

o f t h e pe o pl e

Situ ation • T h e idea b ehi nd CP C

• CPC and the r e s e a r ch e d

gr o u ps

• Ur ba n sch emes • D esig n F eatures

• Ex pe ct a t i o n s o f a home.

Co n c lu sio n s

to p rivate s p a c e s

• R ou te s • Fix e d ve rs u s f le x ib le • D w e lling ty p olog ie s • Mate rials • B u ild ing g rou p

C onclusions

F ig . I. 1 S t r u c t ure o f th e researc h

11

I I . Th eor et ical fra mewo rk

2. T he i d ea b ehi nd C PC

to b e m ad e . For ins ta nc e d w e lling

ty p olog ie s , m ate rials , c olle c tivity

T h e m a i n i de a o f t h e C P C m od e l

A . Co llectiv e P ri vate Commi ssi oni ng

i s i n v o l v i n g t h e fu t u r e i n h a bi t a n t s

a nd p rog ra m a re is s u e s tha t c a n b e

( CP C)

i n t h e de si gn pr o ce s s. I n t h a t wa y

c ons id e re d .

t h e pr o s pe ct i v e r e s i de n t i s i n v o l v ed

3 . U r b a n s c h e m e s a n d CP C

1 . Presen t economi ca l si tuati o n

i n t h e de si gn fr o m t h e be gi n n i n g o f

t h e pr o ce s s, i n s t e a d o f co m i n g i n

d if f e re nt op tions to d e ve lop b u ild ing s .

h a s ch an ged the si tu ati on on the

t h e e n d a s a co n su m e r . T h e r e a s on

A c c ord ing to the p os ition of A le x a nd ra

b uild in g m arket and espec i al l y i n th e

o f do i n g t h a t i s t h e wi s h o f h a v i n g a

Tis m a, L ike B ij ls m a and E d D a m m e rs ,

h o u s in g secto r. There are no more

cu st o m h o m e wi t h s pe ci fi c qu a l i t i e s

the thre e m a in s c he m e s in the

b ig dev elop ers w i l l i ng to i nvest hu g e

i n co r po r a t e d i n t h e de s i gn . By u si ng

D u tc h d e ve lop m e nt are : ind ivid u al,

a m o un t s of m oney i n bi g hou si ng

C P C , t h e s e cu s t o m dwe l l i n gs a r e

c olle c tive a nd d ire c te d u rb a n d e s ig n 6 .

p r o j e cts. B ecau se of the i nc reased

m o s t o f t h e t i m e e v e n a v a i l a bl e a t

E ac h of the s e thre e alte rnative s ha s

r is k , man y em pty l ots are wai ti ng to

a r e a so n a bl e pr i ce . T h e ba l a n ce

d if f e re nt c harac te ris tic s .

b e built up o n . A t the same ti me, m o s t

be t we e n t h e qu a l i t y a n d t h e co st is

o f t he p eo p le state that they want

o n e o f t h e st r e n gt h s o f t h i s m o de l .

s c a le p roj e c ts a s ind ivid u a l hou s e s .

p r iv at e, cust o m desi g ned hou ses th a t

This u rb an p la n e x p re s s e s the m od e l

ca n sat isf y th ei r needs. However,

m e m be r s o f t h e bu i l di n g gr o u ps a re

of p rivate lots w hic h a re b ou g ht

m o s t o f th ese peopl e c annot afford

n u m e r o u s . T h e y ca n m a k e de ci si ons

b y p rivate p a rtie s in ord e r to b u ild

t h i s kin d o f in v estment and thi s resu l t s

i n t h e de si gn o n di ffe r e n t l e v e l s

the ir ow n hom e s . I n tha t c a s e the

in a gap b et we en the expec tati ons

a n d i n v a r i o u s s ca l e s. On o n e h a nd ,

m u nic ip ality s e t u rb a n re g u lations and

a n d th e real abi l i ty of the peopl e to

t h e wa y o f r e a l i za t i o n i s u p t o t h e

s om e tim e s a rc hite c tu ra l re q u ire m e nts .

f in a n ce a h o m e. I n thi s gap w e c an

fu t u r e i n h a bi t a n t . T h e y ca n ch o o s e

The b u ild ing s w hic h a re s e t in the

f in d t h e p osition of c ol l ec ti ve pri va t e

t o co m m i s si o n a n a r ch i t e ct a n d

u rb a n d e s ig n a re a ris ing g ra d u a lly

co mm issio n in g.

co n t r a ct o r , t o bu i l d ca t a l o gu e h ou s e s

a c c ord ing to the s p e e d of re a liz ation

o r s e l f- bu i l d h o u s e s. On t h e o t h e r

of the ind ivid u a l p roj e c ts .

T h e current ec onomi c al c ri si s

T h e po s si bi l i t i e s fo r t h e

O n an u rb an s c ale the re are

The ind ivid u al one is f or s m all

h a n d, t h e r e a r e ph ys i ca l de ci s i o n s Ti sma, A l e x an dra , B ij ls m a , L ik e , D a m m e r s , Ed, P riv a t e init ia t iv es in ho u sing dev elo p ment s in T he Nether l and s and the r ol e of d i r ected ur ban d es i gn N L Ins ti t u t e f o r S pa t ia l R e s e a r c h, 4 3 r d I S O CARP Co ngress 2 0 0 7 6

12

T h e collec ti ve u rban desi g n i s

k n o wn i n a dv a n ce o f t h e de si gn , the y

a c ha rac te ris tic of the d e s ig n w hic h

o r i e n ted t o b ig sc al e projec ts whi ch

sh o u l d h a v e t h e fr e e do m o f m a k i ng

c an b e f ou nd in s e ve ral as p e c ts of the

a r e realised in a short peri od. The

de ci s i o n s . T h i s s h o u l d be do n e i n a ll

b u ild ing s .

lo c a l auth o ritie s mak e the prog ram

sca l e s a n d a s pe ct s , su ch a s u r ba n,

o f t he urb an p l an and the devel ope r s

a r ch i t e ct u r a l a n d i n t e r i o r . I n o r de r

d e s ig ne d b y C as a A rc hite c te n, w e

f it in th e p lan . I n other c ases the

t o a ch i e v e t h i s fr e e do m , a r ch i t e cts

w ill f ind d ive rs ity in the p rog ra m of

m u n i cip alit y work s i n c ol l aborati on

de si gn fl e x i bl e dwe l l i n gs wi t h t h e

the c om p le x . E x c e p t d w e lling s , the re

w it h t h e co n st ru c ti on c ompani es.

o ppo r t u n i t y fo r t h e fu t u r e i n h a bi t a nts

is a ls o a the ate r, a c a f ĂŠ -re s tau rant,

t o ch a n ge t h e i r h o m e s du r i n g t h e

c are hou s e s , d ay -c a re c e ntre , s tu d io

o r i e n ted t o m iddl e sc al e projec ts.

wh o l e pe r i o d t h e y l i v e t h e r e . C h a ng e s

a nd s a iling s c hool. A c c ord ing to the

I n t h at case th e i ni ti ati ve i s i n the

co u l d be n e ce s sa r y du e t o a n i n cr e a s e

d w e lling ty p olog y , d if f e re nt ty p e s a re

h a n d s o f p riv ate parti es and the

o r de cr e a s e o f t h e si ze o f a fa m i l y .

introd u c e d in alm os t e ve ry p roj e c t

a ut ho rity coo rdi nates the u rban

d e ve lop e d throu g h the C P C m od e l.

a n d th e arch itec tu ral desi g n. These

M a r c K o e h l e r de s i gn e d a n e m pt y

This c a n b e s e e n in V rij b u rc ht, D e

p la n s are realized i n a rel ati vel y sho r t

fl o o r pl a n wi t h a do u bl e h e i gh t . T he

H oof d e n, E g e b a kke n and W a llis b lok.

t i m e . Accord ing to the au thors, CP C

i n h a bi t a n t s h a v e t h e o ppo r t u n i t y to

The re are d if f e re nt a c c e s s rou te s als o

d e v e lop m en t fi ts best i n the thi rd

a dd a n e x t r a fl o o r , wh i ch ca n i n cre as e

in m os t of the c a s e s tu d ie s . I n s om e

o pt i o n , d irected u rban desi gn.

t h e t o t a l fl o o r spa ce by 7 0 % .

of the c as e s tu d ie s d ive rs ity is als o

p rovid e d in the m ate rials - b oth in the

T h e d irec ted u rban desi g n i s

F o r e x a m pl e i n De H o o fde n ,

Su ch po ss i bi l i t i e s a r e a l s o

I f w e ta ke a look at V rij b u rc ht,

4 . D esign f eat ures of CPC p roje cts

pr o v i de d i n Ege ba k k e n C o m m u n i t y

f ac ad e s a nd in the inte riors .

H o u si n g i n De n m a r k . H e r e t h e r e s i d e nts

ce n ter of th e CPC devel opment i s t h e

ca n e x t e n d t h e i r h o u s e s by a ddi n g

p riva c y is als o p rovid e d in m os t of

m a i n f acto r th at i nfl u enc es the des i gn .

m o du l e s. T h i s i s fl e x i bi l i t y i n t e r m s o f

the C P C p roj e c ts . The tra ns ition f rom

T h e c o n cep t of i nvol vi ng prospec tiv e

bo u n da r i e s a n d a m o u n t o f cl o s e d

the p rivate to p u b lic is re a liz e d b y

in h a b it an t s in the desi gn proc ess

living area.

introd u c ing s ha re d a nd c olle c tive

a lr e ad y d ef in es c harac teri sti c s of t h e

Di v e r s i t y

s p a c e s like s ta irc a s e s , p as s a g e s ,

d e s ign .

ha llw a y s , te rra c e s , c ou rty a rd s , e tc .

F le x i b ilit y

t h e de s i gn o f pr o j e ct s u n de r C P C

de v e l o pm e n t i s di v e r si t y. Di v e r si t y is

T h e in d iv i du al i nhabi tant i n the

Wh en t h e fu tu re dw el l ers are

A n o t h e r a r ch i t e ct u r a l t o o l i n

D ive rs ity of s p ac e s in te rm s of

13

5 . C on clu sion s concerni ng future

B. De m a n ds o f t h e 2 1 s t ce n t u r y

p ro j ect s designe d und er CPC

I. Ch a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e i n v e s t i g a t e d people:

d e v e lopmen t

co n ce r n s t h e e x pe ct a t i o n s o f pe o p le

w e re m ad e " in s itu " - the p e op le w e re

d e s ign ed an d real i zed i n the

wh o a r e go i n g t o bu y a h o m e .

vis ite d a nd inte rvie w e d in the ir hom e s .

N e t h erlan d s and abroad show that

T h i s i n v e st i ga t i o n pr o v i de d u s wi t h

The f ive g rou p s re p re s e nt the m ain

t h e d iv ersit y and the fl exi bi l i ty are k e y

i n fo r m a t i o n a bo u t wh a t pe o pl e fi nd

m od e rn hou s e hold s . The f irs t f am ily

e le m en ts in ea c h l evel of the proje ct ,

i m po r t a n t wh e n ch o o si n g a n e w p lac e

live s in a s oc ia l hou s ing c om p le x and

n a m e ly urb an , arc hi tec tu ral and

t o l i v e i n . T o fi n d o u t wh a t pe o pl e

is a c ou p le of a rou nd 35 y e ars old w ith

in t e rior d esign . At some of these

wa n t fr o m t h e i r fu t u r e h o m e , we b a s e d

f ive c hild re n. The s e c ond g rou p is a

le v e ls, th e in t eg rati on of the fu tu re

o u r r e se a r ch o n a r e po r t co m m i s si one d

c ou p le in arou nd the ir f ou rtie s w ith

in h a b it an t s is easi er than others.

by I ps o s M ORI by t h e RI BA . T h i s

thre e c hild re n and m ortg ag e . The ne x t

A l t h ough f ull f lexi bi l i ty i s not possi b l e ,

r e s e a r ch wa s m a de t o sh o w h o w

p artic ip ants a re a c ou p le af te r the ir

t h e r e are lot s of tool s to establ i sh

t o bu i l d t h e r i gh t k i n d o f h o m e s fo r

s ix tie s w ith one d au g hte r w ho d oe s not

g uid elin es an d sti l l provi de enou gh

m o de r n h o u se h o l ds. T h e i n v e s t i ga tion

live w ith the m a nd the y als o have a

o pt i o n s f or th e fu tu re oc c u pant. I n

i s de v e l o pe d i n a qu a l i t a t i v e a pproa c h

hom e w ith m ortg a g e . A f te r tha t c om e s

t h e asp ects where fl exi bi l i ty i s not

t o fi n d o u t ca r e fu l l y wh a t t h e de t ails

a y ou ng c ou p le w ho has the ir f irs t

p o s s i b le, d iv ersi ty i s al so an el ement

a n d t h e i n si gh t s o f t h e s e h o u s h o l d s

hom e f or tw o y e a rs w ith m ortg a g e a nd

w h ich can connec t the desi g n wi th

a r e . T h e s t u dy i s de v e l o pe d i n t wo

in w hic h the m an is ru nning his ow n

t h e d em an d s of the u ser. Provi di ng

di r e ct i o n s. On o n e h a n d, i t sh o ws w ha t

b u s ine s s and the w om a n is s till s tu d ing .

o pt i o n s an d leavi ng free spac e for

a r a n ge o f di ffe r e n t pe o pl e n e e de d

The la s t p artic ip ant is a y ou ng s ing le

f ur t her d ev elo pment makes the de si gn

a n d o n t h e o t h e r - wh a t t h e ge n e r a l

m an w ho w orks f u ll tim e in a larg e

s u i t ab le t o th e c ol l ec ti ve pri vate

pu bl i c wa n t e d. T h i s i s a ch i e v e d by

c ity and live s in a tw o b e d room re nta l

co mm issio n in g c onc ept and offers t h e

i n t e r v i e wi n g fi v e e t n o gr a ph i c gr o up s

a p artm e nt.

o pp ort un it y t o fi l l many of the empt y

a n d o r ga n i s i n g fo u r di scu s si o n gr o u p s .

T h e p ro jec ts whi c h are al read y

lo t s in th e Net herl ands.

T h e se co n d pa r t o f o u r r e se a rc h

The inte rvie w s w ith the g rou p s

The s e g rou p s c ove r a w id e rang e

of p e op le w ho w ill b u y a hom e in the 21 s t c e ntu ry . I n that w ay the re s e arc h a im s to b e re p re s e ntative as m u c h as p os s ib le .

14

T h e seco nd stag e of the resea r ch

T h e r e se a r ch i s do n e fo r t h e e n gl i s h

u s e rs , b u t the y are m ore or le s s the

r e f e rs to th e ex pec tati ons of the

m a r k e t bu t a s i t i s do n e t o sh o w t h e

s am e w ithin the g rou p . For e x a m p le ,

p e o ple wh en they c onsi der to bu y

a v e r a ge bu ye r ' s de m a n ds i t ca n a ls o

in D e Hoof d e n a nd in W allis b loc k the

a h o m e. Again, the fou r di sc u ssi on

be co n s i de r e d a s r e pr e se n t a t i v e for

m e m b e rs of the b u ild ing g rou p s are

g r o u p s are m ade by mi xi ng di fferen t

t h e ge n e r a l de m a n ds o f t h e pe o p le

a g e d b e tw e e n 30 and 40 y e ars and

t y p e s o f p eop l e i n order to c over th e

wi t h i n t h e Eu r o pi n i a n U n i o n . P o ss i b le

a re e ithe r y ou ng s ing le s or c ou p le s

m a x im um of the potenti al bu yers. Th e

di ffe r e n ce s ca n be fo u n d i n t h e

w ith s m all c hild re n. O n the othe r hand ,

m a i n t yp es o f peopl e w i thi n the gro u ps

e co n o m i ca l m e a n s o f t h e pe o pl e b u t

in E g e b a kke n the m e m b e rs of the

a r e as f ollo ws:

t h e se wo u l d n o t r e fl e ct i n t h e ge ne ra l

g rou p are a g e d a b ove 50 y e ars and

• F i rst -t ime bu yers i n a vera g e sa l a r i ed

de m a n ds co n ce r n i n g t h e n e w h o me .

a re a ll e m p ty ne s te rs . The ir c hild re n

h o u seh olds w itho ut c hi l d ren, who

ha ve le f t the hom e s .

n e e ded t o ch o ose a home that i s

2. C PC a nd the r es ea r ched g r oup s

w i t hin t h eir f in a nci a l mea ns;

g rou p c a n have a s p e c if ic p rof ile

• Y o un g av er ag e sa l a ri ed househol d s

i n t e r e st i s t h e co l l e ct i v e pr i v a t e

b u t the d e m a nd s w hic h a re lis te d

w i t hou t ch ildr en o r wi th one chi l d

co m m i ss i o n i n g a n d t h e bu i l di n g

in the re s e a rc h of I p s os MO R I a re

u n d er t w o y ears ol d who we re

gr o u ps . I n t h a t s e n s e , t h e pr o fi l e of the

re p re s e nta tive to all of the s e g rou p s .

c h o osin g t h eir second home;

pe o pl e wh o a r e pa r t o f t h e s e bu i l d ing

The re f ore , the y are a ls o re p re s e ntative

• Y o un g av er ag e sa l a ri ed fa mi l i es wi th

gr o u ps , i s wh a t s h o ws t o wh i ch e x t e nt

f or p e op le w ho w ou ld ta ke p art in a

o n e or mor e chi l dren over thre e ye a r s

t h e de m a n ds e x t r a ct e d fr o m t h e

b u ild ing g rou p .

o l d w h o w er e c hoosi ng the i r second

a bo v e de scr i be d r e s e a r ch a r e s u i t ab le

h o me;

t o t h e m e m be r s o f t h e bu i l di n g gr ou p s .

• ‘ E m pt y n est ers’, p a rents whose

c h i l dr en h av e g rown up a nd l eft the

fi v e ca se st u dy a n a l ys i s , wh i ch a r e

h o u se look in g fo r a home that sui ts

e x a m i n e d i n t h e se co n d pa r t o f t h e

t he m bet t er late r i n l i fe.

r e s e a r ch , r e l e v a n t da t a a bo u t t h e

pa r t i ci pa n t s i n t h e bu i l di n g gr o u p is

T h e rep o rt on whi c h w e base d

I n o u r r e se a r ch o f pa r t i cu l a r

The re f ore , e a c h b u ild ing

I n t h e e n d o f e a ch o f t h e

o u r r esearch tri es to c over most of

pr e s e n t e d. F r o m t h i s da t a we ca n

t h e t yp es o f p eopl e that are g oi ng

de du ce t h a t e a ch bu i l di n g gr o u p c a n

t o buy a h om e i n the near fu tu re.

co n t a i n di ffe r e n t pr o fi l e s o f fu t u r e

15

3 . E x pect at ion s o f a home

In th e n ext c hapter the

P e o pl e a l s o n e e d t i m e fo r

f ood a nd othe r ite m s and als o f or

t h e m se l v e s wh e r e t h e y ca n be a l o ne

long -te rm s tora g e .

e x pectat ion s and the needs of

wi t h o u t t h e pr e se n ce o f t h e r e s t of the

t h e p eo p le are l i sted as they are

fa m i l y. T h e y wa n t a pl a ce fo r pr i v a te

u nd e rline d b y the p e op le is the ne e d

d e s crib ed d uring the i ntervi ew s and

u se , a r o o m wh e r e a n i n di v i du a l

of s p ac e f or d om e s tic u tility tas ks ,

t h e d iscussion s.

pe r s o n ca n r e t r e a t fr o m t h e o t h e r

s u c h as w a s hing , ironing e tc . The y

fa m i l y m e m be r s . A l t h o u gh m o st o f the

s tate that of te n the y ha ve d if f ic u ltie s

b y t he p eo p le i s the feel i ng of space

pe o pl e a r e k e e n o n t h e o pe n l a you t

w ith s toring the w as he d line ns or

w h ich t h ey wou l d l i k e to have i n the i r

su i t a bl e fo r a r a n ge o f pu r po se s , the y

c lothe s .

h o me. T h is f eeli ng i s assoc i ated w i t h

st i l l wa n t t h e po ss i bi l i t y t o ge t so m e

o l d b uild in gs that have hi g h c ei l i ng s,

pr i v a cy.

op tions f or a d if f e re nt lay ou t of the

b ut also b ig windows and l arge

d w e lling . Mos t of the p e op le w ant to

r o o m s. T h ey ex pec t thei r new home t o

o u t si de s pa ce o r a cce ss t o pu bl i c

ha ve f le x ib le f loor p lans s u ite d to the

p r o vid e th em wi th thi s "sense of spa ce "

gr e e n i s o f gr e a t i m po r t a n ce t o t h e ir

ne e d s of p a rtic u la r m om e nt. A lthou g h

b y in tro d ucin g the above menti one d

we l l be i n g. P r i v a t e o u t do o r spa ce is

this f le x ib ility is ap p re c ia te d , s om e

e le m en ts.

e spe ci a l l y a ppr e ci a t e d by fa m i l i e s

of the p e op le a re s till s c e p tic a l to

wi t h ch i l dr e n . T h e y e n j o y t h e ch i l d re n

p rog re s s ive d e s ig n s olu tions , b e c au s e

d e s crib ed ref e rs to the l ayou t of th e

t o h a v e o u t s i de spa ce wh e r e t h e y c an

the y a re not f am iliar w ith this kind of

d w e l lin g. Peopl e prefer an open l ayo u t

m a k e n o i se a n d m e s s.

space.

w it h f lexib le livi ng spac e for eati ng

a n d socializ in g. Some of them pref e r

dwe l l i n g i s s t o r a ge . M o s t o f t h e peop le

t o h a v e sp ace for entertai ni ng wi th

wa n t bo t h spa ce fo r l o n g- t e r m a n d

f a m i ly an d f riends and some even pl a n

sh o r t - t e r m s t o r a ge . F o r a l l o f t h e m the

t o o rgan iz e b igger events as parti e s.

pr i v a cy i s i m po r t a n t a n d a l a r ge p art

T h is sp ace is likel y to be c onnec ted

o f t h e pe o pl e do n o t h a v e e n o u gh

t o t h e kit ch en or open to ou tsi de

st o r a ge s pa ce i n t h e i r cu r r e n t h o us e .

s pa ces such as c ou rtyards, g arden s o r

T h e y e x pe ct t h a t t h e i r n e w h o m e w ill

t e r r a ces.

pr o v i de t h e m wi t h bo t h : s pa ce fo r

T h e f irst thi ng whi c h i s menti on e d

T h e n ext demand w hi c h i s

F o r m o st pe o pl e a pr i v a t e

A n o ft e n n e gl e ct e d fe a t u r e in a

t h e i r e v e r yda y n e e ds su ch a s cl o t h e s ,

16

The ne x t p oint w hic h is

The f ina l p re f e re nc e is to have

4 . C on clu sion s concerni ng the hous i ng d e man ds of t h e 21 s t century

T h e p eo pl e w ho took part i n

t h e in v est igat ion state needs and e x pactat ion s whi c h c an be easi l y in t e g rat ed in t he desi g n of dw el l i ngs

Demands Large living area Large windows

e le m en ts are si mpl e and l og i c al bu t

Storage space

o f t e n are om itted by the arc hi tec ts i n

Utility space

t h e i r d esign s. The CPC projec ts stress

Options for different layout

a r ch it ects to provi di ng qu al i ty to th e us e r s of th e b ui l di ngs they desi g n. T h i s

De Hoofden

Space for private time Outside space

a n d can return the foc u s of the

Diagram

High ceilings

in t h e 2 1 s t cen t u ry . The desc ri bed

t h e n eed s an d w i shes of the people

Name

Wallisblock

T a bl e I I . 1 - L i s t o f k e y e l e m e n t s

Vrijburcht

is t h e aim of ou r researc h and of the f o l lo win g d esign.

In ord er to c ompare the

d e man d s o f th e peopl e wi th the co n c lusion s f rom the c ase stu dy

Egebakken

a n a lysis, a summari zed tabl e wi th k e y e le m en ts is p resented on the ri ght ( T a ble II. 1 ) . These k ey el ements w i l l b e " ch ecked " i n eac h of the projec t s lis t e d in t ab le I I . 2.

E3

Ta b le I I . 2- L is t of c as e s tu d ie s

17

I I I . Case St u dy A na l ysi s

by C A SA a r ch i t e ct s i n A m s t e r da m . This

ca s e i s i n t e r e st i n g du e t o i t s v a r i e d

a na ly s e d w ithin the s tru c tu re

pr o gr a m . T h i s l a r ge s ca l e pr o j e ct

d e s c rib e d b e low in ord e r to u nd e rline

p r o j e cts, 5 cas e stu di es wi l l be

co n t a i n s a t h e a t e r , ca fĂŠ - r e st a u r a n t,

s p e c if ic c harac te ris tic s of the p roj e c ts

r e v iewed . Th e sel ec ti on of these c a se

ca r e h o u s e s, da y- ca r e ce n t r e , s t ud io

tha t are im p orta nt.

s t ud i es is b ased on the fol l owi ng

a n d s a i l i n g s ch o o l . N o t o n l y t h e

I.

cr it e ria:

pr o gr a m i s n o t e wo r t h y, bu t a l so t he

I I . L oc ation

- L o c at ion

l a r ge di v e r si t y i n dwe l l i n g t ypo l o gie s is

I I I . P rog ra m

- P r ogram

wo r t h di scu s si n g.

IV.

- B uild in g grou p

s p ac e s :

- U r ban con t ext

Ege ba k k e n C o m m u n i t y H o u s i n g by

1.

T e gn e s t u e n V a n dk u n s t e n i n De n m a rk.

m od e l w ith c olore d z one s

H o o f d en b y M a rc Koehl er arc hi tect s i n

T h i s pr o j e ct h a s be e n ch o se n fo r the

2.

A ms terd am . It wi l l be anal y sed si nce

fa ct t h a t t h e s t a n da r d l a yo u t o f t he

that c re a te the trans itions

it is in th e sam e master pl an as the

dwe l l i n gs ca n be a dj u s t e d by a dd ing

V . R ou te s

d e s ign st ud io projec t, i sl and 7. Besi de s

m o du l e s. T h e i n h a bi t a n t s ca n ch o os e

VI.

Fix e d ve rs u s f le x ib le

t h a t , th e p rojec t c ontai ns fl exi bl e

fr o m s e v e r a l pr e - de s i gn e d a ddi t i ons to

VII.

D w e lling ty p olog ie s

f lo o r p lan s an d c ol l ec ti ve roof terra ce s .

m a t ch t h e i r s pe ci fi c n e e ds. T h e t a rg e t

V I I I . Ma te rials

T h e second c ase stu dy i s

gr o u p wa s a l s o i n t e r e st i n g, s i n ce i t

IX.

B u ild ing g rou p d a ta

Wa llisb lo ck b y Hu l shof arc hi tec ts i n

i s co m pl e t e l y a be r r a n t fr o m o t h e r

The d e s c rib e d s tru c tu re ab ove

R o t t e rd am . T h is projec t i s i nteresti n g,

pr o j e ct s. T h e s e dwe l l i n gs a r e de s i g ne d

a im s to s how s p e c if ic p oints of e ac h

s i n ce it is a renovati on projec t. An

o n l y fo r e l de r l y pe o pl e .

p roj e c t in ord e r to f ind the d ive rs ity

e x i s t in g trad it ional Du tc h hou si ng

a nd f le x ib ility w ithin the s e d e s ig ns .

b lo c k is t ran sf ormed i nto a c ol l ec ti v e

i s E3 by K a de n K l i n gbe i l i n Be r l i n ,

liv in g area f or a vari ety of dw el l i ng

wh e r e C P C fi n ds i t s o r i gi n i n t h e

b u ild ing g rou p is a na ly s e d to f ind ou t

t y p ologies, whi c h are al l si tu ated

G e r m a n ' Ba u gr u ppe ' . T h i s pr o j e ct

w ha t kind of p e op le w ou ld ta ke p art in

a r o u n d a collec ti ve c ou rty ard i n th e

wa s pa r t i cu l a r l y i n t e r e st i n g du e t o its

b u ild ing s g rou p s .

ce n tre of th e dwel l i ng bl oc k .

l o ca t i o n , s i n ce i t i s bu i l t i n a ' ga p' of a

de n s e ci t y fa br i c.

18

T o an alyse properti es of CPC

T h e f irst referenc e projec t i s De

T h e t h ird anal y si s i s on Vri jbu r ch t

T h e fo u r t h r e fe r e n ce i s

T h e fi ft h a n d fi n a l ca s e s t u dy

The re f e re nc e p roj e c ts are

I m p re s s ions of the p roj e c t

Trans ition f rom p u b lic to p riva te D ia g ra m of the e ntire A rc hite c tu ral e le m e nts

I n the e nd d a ta ab ou t the

D e H oof d e n b y Ma r c K oe hle r A r c hitec t s

ief dakterras

dakverdieping

verschillende terrassen Op het dak bevindt zich het collectieve dakterras. Deze is in verschillende terrassen opgedeeld zodat mensen er tegelijk gebruik van kunnen maken. De terrassen bieden spectaculair uitzicht over de omgeving.

collectieve opgang dakterras Vanuit het collectieve trappenhuis hebben alle lofts toegang tot het dakterras.

zonnecellen Voor de energieopwekking van de lofts worden zonnecellen op het dak ge誰nstalleerd (5 per loft).

Fig. III. 1.plattegrond 1 dak

impressie collectief dakterras 8|

Fig. III. 1. 2 voorlopig ontwerp 4 april 2013 |

gedeeld dakterras kavel 1 & 2

www.dehoofden.nl

casco-lofts kavel 1

Fig. III. 1. 3

tussenstand definitief ontwerp www.dehoofden.nl

33

Het collectieve dakterras van kavel 1 zal worden gedeeld met het collectieve dakterras van kavel 2.

Fi g. III . 1. 1 S u pe rl o f t s e x t e r ior s , s ou r c e : ht t p:/ / deho o fden.nl/ Fi g. III . 1. 2 C o l l e c t iv e r oof t e r r a c e , s our c e : ht t p :/ / deho o fden.nl/ Fi g. III . 1. 3 In te ri o r of a lof t , s ou r c e : ht t p : / / deho o fden.nl/

19

Location Fig. III. 1. 4

Fig. III. 1. 5

Houthavens De Hoofden Lot 1

city centre

Fig. III. 1. 6

Fi g. III . 1. 4 L o c ati o n of t he p r oj e c t wit hin Amst erda m, o w n illu st ra t io n b a sed o n v iew t a k en f r om https ://maps .googl e.com/ Fi g. III . 1. 5 L o c ati o n of t he p r oj e c t in t he new ma st erp la n o f H o u t ha v ens, o w n illu st ra t io n Fi g. III . 1. 6 B i rde y e v ie w of t he ne w m a s t e r pla n o f H o u t ha v ens, o w n illu st ra t io n

20

Arch i tectu ral pro gram

D e hoof d e n L ot 1 d w e lling s g re e n roof roof p a rking s p a c e s s tora g e te c hnic al room

Fi g. III . 1. 7 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

Fig. III. 1. 7

21

pub lic

s hared

Fi g. III . 1. 8 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

22

c o l l e ct i v e

se m i - pr i v a t e

pr i v a t e

Tran si ti o n f ro m pu bl i c to pri vate space

Fig. III. 1. 8

element

Fi g. III . 1. 9 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

s pa ce

Arch i tectu ral el em en ts wh i ch co n n ect di f f eren t zo n es

Fig. III. 1. 9

23

Ro u ti n g

Key 5th floor

p u b lic c olle c tive p riva te

4th floor 3rd floor 2nd floor

1st floor

Ground floor

Fi g. III . 1. 10 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

24

Fig. III. 1.10

Di agram f i xed/ o pti o n al

Key f ix e d op tiona l

Fig. III. 1. 11 Fi g. III . 1. 11 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

25

Dwel l i n g typo l o gi es

Quayside loft 1 92 m2 inside area 91 m2 outside area 499 m3 volume

Quayside loft 2 79 m2 inside area 39 m2 outside area 420 m3 volume

Garden loft 79 m2 inside area 54 m2 outside area 395 m3 volume

se ou nth Pe

Studio Qu ay lof side t

Studio 29 m2 inside area outside area 0 m2 89 m3 volume

Hig hr lof ise t

Garden loft

Highrise loft 79 m2 inside area outside area 6 m2 395 m3 volume

Fi g. III . 1. 12 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

26

Penthouse 79 m2 inside area outside area 6 m2 237 m3 volume

Fig. III. 1. 12

casco-lofts

meer inspiratie: www.facebook.com/dehoofden

Materi al i ty

6.0 indicatie materialisering

www.pinterest.com/dehoofden/loft-inspiratie

toelichting gevels laagbouw | materialisering D Wit Beton / betoncomposiet / pleisterwerk

E Koperkleur Beton / betoncomposiet / pleisterwerk

F Middengrijs Beton / betoncomposiet / pleisterwerk

G Lichtgrijs Beton / betoncomposiet / pleisterwerk

H Donkergrijs Beton / betoncomposiet / pleisterwerk

d

Q

Fig. III. 1. 14

60 |

tussenstand definitief ontwerp

casco-lofts kavel 1

www.dehoofden.nl

www.dehoofden.nl

Aan deze pubilcatie kunnen geen rechten worden ontleend. Alle bedragen die worden genoemd zijn indicatief | 21.01.2013

Fig. III. 1. 13

Fi g.

Fi g.

Fi g.

Fi g.

III .

III .

III .

III .

1. 13 1. 14 1. 15 1. 16

Fig. III. 1. 15

41

Fig. III. 1. 16

D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion Po ssi b le f a c a d e m a t e r ia ls , s ourc e: ht t p :/ / deho o fden.nl/ Im age g la s s : s our c e : ht t p : / / www .diyt ra de.c o m/ c hina / p d/ 6 7 2 8 4 6 7 / La mina t ed_G l as s .html Im age g r a s s , s ou r c e : ht t p : / / www .mrgra ssb lo g.net / c a t ego ry/ t u rf-disea se/

27

B u i l di n g gro u p “C l u b De Ho o f den �

S iz e of th e b uildi ng grou p: 19 membe r s

O c c u p anc y of the g rou p m e m b e rs

8 men

5x

architect (part of the people involved in the architectural group)

6 women

4x

entrepreneur

5 families

3x

finance

3x

design

2x

media

5x

others

Age of the building group: all the members are between the age of 30 and 40

Demands

De Hoofden

Large living area

0

Large windows

+

High ceilings

Conclusion

Key +

present in the design

+

o

optional in the design

Space for private time

0

Outside space

+

-

missing in the design

Storage space

+

Utility space

0

Options for different layout

+

28

Table III. 1

Table III. 1 on the left shows that "De Hoofden" covers most of the demands of the people in the 21st century.

The three points which are indicated with "o" show that the architects provide the future users with the possibility to decide some parts of the design by themselves. This is one of the main characteristics of the CPC projects.

Wa llis b loc k b y H u ls hof A r c hit e c t s

Fig. III. 2. 1

Fig. III. 2. 2

Fig. III. 2. 3

Fi g. III . 2. 1 W al l i sbloc k e x t e r ior s , s ou r c e : im a ge t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/ Fi g. III . 2. 2 W al l i sbloc k int e r ior , s our c e : H u lsho f, I nek e. "P o et ic Freedo m." Delft : TU Delft , 2 0 0 8: p. 14.

Fi g. III . 2. 3 S e c ti o n of a n e x a m p le d we lling in W a llisb lo c k , so u rc e: H u lsho f, I nek e. U rb a n Renewal and Affor d abl e Hous i ng i n Rotter d am - the Wa l l i sbl o k . D e l f t: T U D e lf t , 2 0 1 1 .

29

Location Fig. III. 2. 4

Wallisblock

Fig. III. 2. 5

Rotterdam city centre

Fig. III. 2. 6

Fi g. III . 2. 4 L o c ati o n of t he p r oj e c t wit hin Ro t t erda m, o w n illu st ra t io n b a sed o n v iew t a k en from https ://maps .googl e.com/ Fi g. III . 2. 5 L o c ati o n of t he p r oj e c t wit hin t he dist ric t Sp a ngen in Ro t t erda m, o w n illu st ra t io n bas ed on vi ew taken fr om https ://maps .googl e.com/ Fi g. III . 2. 6 B i rde y e v ie w of Wa llis b loc k , own illu st ra t io n b a sed o n v iew t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / maps .googl e.com/

30

Arch i tectu ral pro gram

W allis b loc k d w e lling s p riva te g re e n c olle c tive g re e n p as s a g e

Fig. III. 2.7 Fi g. III . 2. 7 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

31

pu b lic

sh ar ed

Fi g. III . 2. 8 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

32

col l ect i ve

semi - pri vat e

p r i vat e

Tran si ti o n f ro m pu bl i c to pri vate space

Fig. III. 2.8

Arch i tectu ral el em en ts wh i ch co n n ect di f f eren t zo n es

Fig. III. 2.9

e le m e nt

s p ac e

Fig. III. 2. 11

Fig. III. 2.10 Fi g.

Fi g.

Fi g.

Fi g.

III .

III .

III .

III .

Fig. III. 2. 12

2. 9 O w n i l l us t r a t ion, b a s e d on im a g e t a k en fro m H u lsho f, I nek e. "P o et ic Freedo m." De l ft: T U Del ft, 2008: p. 14.

2. 10 O w n i llus t r a t ion, b a s e d on v ie w t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/ 2. 11 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion 2. 12 O w n i llus t r a t ion, b a s e d on v ie w t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/

33

Ro u ti n g

Key p u b lic c olle c tive p riva te

Fi g. III . 2. 13 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

34

Fig. III. 2. 13

Di agram f i xed/ o pti o n al

Key f ix e d op tiona l

Fig. III. 2.14 Fi g. III . 2. 14 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

35

Dwel l i n g typo l o gi es

Duplex dwelling 2 118 m2 inside area outside area 0 m2 295 m3 volume

Duplex dwelling 1 112 m2 inside area 35 m2 outside area 302 m3 volume

Duplex dwelling double width 224 m2 inside area 70 m2 outside area 605 m3 volume

Single floor

Single floor apartment 59 m2 inside area outside area 0 m2 159 m3 volume

lex Dup r 4 floo e s u o h row

r loo 3f

do Du ub pl le ex wi dt h

3 floor apartment 176 m2 inside area outside area 0 m2 475 m3 volume Fi g. III . 2. 15 D i agra m s , own illus t r a t ion

36

4 floor row house 218 m2 inside area 45 m2 outside area 588 m3 volume

Fig. III. 2.15

Materi al i ty

Fig. III. 2. 16

Fig. III. 2. 17

Fig. III. 2.18

Fi g. III . 2. 16 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion Fi g. III . 2. 17 B ri c k e x t e r ior , v ie w t a k e n f r om ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/ Fi g. III . 2. 18 W o o de n int e r ior , im a g e t a k e n fro m H u lsho f, I nek e. "P o et ic Freedo m." Delft : TU Del ft, 2008: p. 14.

Brick

Wood

37

B u i l di n g gro u p “De Di ch terl i jke Vri jh ei d�

S iz e o f th e b uildi ng grou p: 97 membe r s

O c c u p anc y of the g rou p m e m b e rs 6 persons per dwelling

5 persons per dwelling 4 persons per dwelling

3 persons per dwelling

2 persons per dwelling

1 person per dwelling

Demands

De Hoofden

Large living area

0

Large windows

+

High ceilings

architect/contractor

5x

administration

4x

education

6x

social

17 x

designer/artist

5x

municipality

4x

communication

6x

others

Age of the building group: Most of the members are between the age of 30 and 40, but there are also elderly and children living in Wallisblock

Conclusion

Key +

present in the design

-

o

optional in the design

Space for private time

0

Outside space

+

-

missing in the design

Storage space

0

Utility space

0

Options for different layout

+

38

9x

Table III. 2

The table on left shows that "Wallisblock" covers some of the demands of the people in the 21st century.

Because of the flexibility of the floor plans most of the functions in the dwellings are optional and depend on the user's needs.

The "Wallisblock" is a renovaton project. In that sence the heights of the floors are fixed and this is the only point where the project does not always meet the demands of the people.

Vr ij b ur c ht b y C A S A a r c hit e c t s

Fig. III. 3. 1

Fig. III. 3. 2

Fig. III. 3. 3

Fi g. III . 3. 1 N e i gh b ou r hood lif e on t he q ua y , so u rc e: ht t p :/ / w w w .v lu gp .nl/ w p -c o nt ent / u p lo a d s /2010/12/Vr i jbur cht_VLUG P_hr _A4-E N.pd f Fi g. III . 3. 2 Im pre ss ion d u r ing s a le s p ha s e , s o u rc e: ht t p :/ / w w w .v lu gp .nl/ w p -c o nt ent / u p lo a ds/2010/12/Vr i jbur cht_VLUG P_hr _A4-E N.pd f Fi g. III . 3. 3 M o de l , s ou r c e : Vr ij b ur c ht _ VL UG P_hr_A4 -EN.p df

39

Location Fig. III. 3. 4

city centre

Fig. III. 3. 5

Vrijburcht Vrijburcht

Fig. III. 3. 6

Fi g. III . 3. 4 L o c ati o n of t he p r oj e c t wit hin Amst erda m, o w n illu st ra t io n b a sed o n v iew t a k en f r om https ://maps .googl e.com/ Fi g. III . 3. 5 L o c ati o n of t he p r oj e c t in t he new ma st erp la n o f V rijb u rc ht , so u rc e: ht t p :/ / w w w .vl ugp.nl /wp-content/upl oad s /2010/12/Vr i jbur cht_ V LUGP_ h r_ A 4- E N . p d f Fi g. III . 3. 6 B i rde y e v ie w, own illus t r a t ion own illu st ra t io n b a sed o n v iew t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / maps .googl e.com/

40

Arch i tectu ral pro gram

V rij b u rc ht d w e lling s the ate r g u e s troom d ay -c a re c e ntre c a re hou s e s c a f e -re s tau rant w orking s p a c e s a iling s c hool

Fi g. III . 3. 7 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

Fig. III. 3. 7

41

pu b lic

sh a r ed

Fi g. III . 3. 8 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

42

col l ect i ve

semi - pri vat e

pri vate

Tran si ti o n f ro m pu bl i c to pri vate space

Fig. III. 3. 8

element

spa ce

Arch i tectu ral el em en ts wh i ch co n n ect di f f eren t zo n es

Fig. III. 3. 9

Fi g. III . 3. 9 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion Fi g. III . 3. 10 Im age of t he c ou r t ya r d , s our c e: ht t p :/ / w w w .a rc hit et t ic erc a si.eu / c / 1 4 9 Fi g. III . 3. 11 Im age of t he f a c a d e , s ou r c e : h t t p :/ / w w w .ic eb .nl/ p ro fessio neel/ v o o rb eeldp ro jecten/pr oject.as p? cod e_pr jc= 8315

Fig. III. 3. 10

Fig. III. 3. 11

43

Ro u ti n g 2 n d f lo o r Key p u b lic c olle c tive p riva te

1s t f lo o r

gro u n d f lo o r

Fig. III. 3.12 Fi g. III . 3. 12 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

44

Di agram f i xed/ o pti o n al

Key f ix e d op tiona l

Fig. III. 3. 13 Fi g. III . 3. 13 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

45

Dwel l i n g typo l o gi es

Two floors dwelling with office on the ground level 112 m 2 inside housing area 30 m 2 inside office area 21 m 2 outside area 426 m 3 volume

two with floors offi ce

One floor dwelling 116 m 2 inside area 11 m 2 outside area 348 m 3 volume

two floors

e

e flo

on

re or s

Three floors dwelling 282 m 2 inside area 60 m 2 outside area 846 m 3 volume

or

th

Two floors dwelling 124 m 2 inside area 21 m 2 outside area 372 m 3 volume

flo

Fig. III. 3. 14 Fi g. III . 3. 14 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

46

Materi al i ty

Fig. III. 3. 16

Fig. III. 3. 15 Fig. III. 3. 17

Fig. III. 3. 18

Fig. III. 3. 19

Fi g. III . 3. 15 Im age c ou r t ya r d , s our c e : ht t p :/ / w w w .st eigereila nd.c o m/ fo t o s/ Fo t o sv a ndeZ u idbuur tStr ook0en1/bi nnentui n_Vr i jbur cht_mei _2007_met_ dank_ aan _ M ari j k e / Fi g. III . 3. 16 Im age d e c k , s ou r c e : ht t p : / / a r c hit ec t u u r.nl/ p ro jec t / de-v rijb u rc ht -a mst erda m-ijb ur g/ Fi g. III . 3. 17 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion Fi g. III . 3. 18 Im age Fa c a d e , s ou r c e : ht t p : / / w w w .a rc hit et t ic erc a si.eu / c / 1 4 9 Fi g. III . 3. 19 Im age Fa c a d e , s ou r c e : ht t p : / / w w w .v lu gp .nl/ w p -c o nt ent / u p lo a ds/ 2 0 1 0 / 1 2 / V rijb ur cht_VLUG P_hr _A4-E N.pd f

47

B u i l di n g gro u p Vri jbu rch t S iz e of th e b uildi ng grou p: 52 hou seh o l ds Vrijburcht was initiated by inhabitants of the district Nieuwmarktbuurt in Amsterdam. The d wellers of the complex have various backgrounds.

People with certain disabilities can live in the nursing homes, people with low incomes can live in the so called 'AMH-dwellings' and there are also 12 dwellings suitable for artists and designers.

Demands Large living area

De Hoofden +/-

Large windows

+

High ceilings

-

Space for private time

+/-

Outside space

+

Storage space

+

Utility space

-

Options for different layout

-

48

Conclusion

Key +

present in the design

o

optional in the design

-

missing in the design

Table III. 3

In the table of "Vrijburcht" is shown that the layout is fixed and the users do not have the possibility to easily change it during the exploitation period.

The architects provide a large diversity of dwelling typologies and that is why some apartments have big living areas and in some instances, spaces for private time, but some of them don't. This is indicated in the table with symbol "+/-".

Eg e b a k k e n b y T e g ne s t u e n Va nd k unst en

Fig. III. 4. 1

Fig. III. 4. 2

Fig. III. 4. 3

Fi g. III . 4. 1 C o m mu nit y c e nt r e , s ou r c e : im a g e t a k en fro m ht t p :/ / w w w .dev .ihc dst o re.o rg/ ?q = nod e/141 Fi g. III . 4. 2 F ro n t si d e d we lling s , s our c e : im a ge t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/ Fi g. III . 4. 3 B ac k si d e d we lling s , s ou r c e : im a ge t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/

49

Location Fig. III. 4. 4

Fig. III. 4. 5 Egebakken

Nødebo Nødebo centre

Kopenhagen

Fig. III. 4. 6

Fi g. III . 4. 4 L o c ati o n of Nødebo wit hin D e nma rk , o w n illu st ra t io n b a sed o n v iew t a k en fro m https ://maps .googl e.com/ Fi g. III . 4. 5 L o c ati o n of t he p r oj e c t wit hin Nødebo, o w n illu st ra t io n b a sed o n v iew t a k en fro m https ://maps .googl e.com/ Fi g. III . 4. 6 To p vi ew of Eg e b a k k e n, own illu st ra t io n b a sed o n v iew t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / ma p s.g oogl e.com/

50

Arch i tectu ral pro gram E g e b akke n d w e lling s p riva te g re e n c olle c tive g re e n p u b lic roa d c olle c tive te rra c e c om m u nity c e ntre

Fi g. III . 4. 7 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

Fig. III. 4. 7

51

pu b lic

sh ar ed

Fi g. III . 4. 8 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

52

col l ect i ve

semi - pri vat e

p r i vat e

Tran si ti o n f ro m pu bl i c to pri vate space

Fig. III. 4. 8

element

Arch i tectu ral el em en ts wh i ch co n n ect di f f eren t zo n es

s pa ce

Fig. III. 4.9 Fig. III. 4.10

Fig. III. 4.11 Fi g.

Fi g.

Fi g.

Fi g.

III .

III .

III .

III .

Fig. III. 4.12

4. 9 O w n i l l us t r a t ion, b a s e d on v ie w t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/ 4. 10 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion 4. 11 O w n i llus t r a t ion, b a s e d on v ie w t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/ 4. 12 O w n i llus t r a t ion, b a s e d on v ie w t a k en fro m ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/

53

Ro u ti n g

Key p u b lic c olle c tive p riva te

Fi g. III . 4. 13 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

54

Fig. III. 4. 13

Di agram f i xed/ o pti o n al

Key f ix e d op tiona l

Fig. III. 4.14 Fi g. III . 4. 14 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

55

Dwel l i n g typo l o gi es

Module Back-B 59 m2 inside area 159 m3 volume

Module Back-C 59 m2 inside area 159 m3 volume

Module Back-D 59 m2 inside area 159 m3 volume

-B se Ba

k-D Bac

Ba ck -

-A se Ba

-C Back

Ba ck -A

Module Back-A 59 m2 inside area 159 m3 volume

B

Base-B 59 m2 inside area 159 m3 volume

Base-A 59 m2 inside area 159 m3 volume

Backside

Base

Front-D nt-C Fro nt-A

Fr

on t -B

Fro

Module Front-A 59 m2 inside area 159 m3 volume

Module Front-B 59 m2 inside area 159 m3 volume

Fi g. III . 4. 15 D i agra m s , own illus t r a t ion

56

Module Front-C 59 m2 inside area 159 m3 volume

Module Front-D 59 m2 inside area 159 m3 volume

Frontside

Fig. III. 4.15

Materi al i ty

Fig. III. 4.16

Fig. III. 4.17

Fig. III. 4.18 Fi g.

Fi g.

Fi g.

Fi g.

III .

III .

III .

III .

4. 16 4. 17 4. 18 4. 19

Fig. III. 4.19 M e tal r oof ing , im a g e t a k e n f r om ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/ D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion W o o de n f a c a d e , im a g e t a k e n fro m ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/ B ri c k f a c a d e , im a g e t a k e n f r om ht t p s:/ / ma p s.go o gle.c o m/

57

B u i l di n g gro u p "Egebakken " S iz e of th e b uildi ng grou p: 29 hou seh o l ds The Egebakken complex for senior citizens was initiated around 2000 by 5 elderly couples. Their homes didn't fit their needs anymore so they decided to form a building group of likeminded people.

All the members of the building group are empty nesters over 50 years old and therefore there are no children living within the project.

Demands

De Hoofden

Large living area

+

Large windows

+

High ceilings

Conclusion

Key +

present in the design

+

o

optional in the design

Space for private time

-

Outside space

+

-

missing in the design

Storage space

0

Utility space

0

Options for different layout

+

58

Table III. 4

The table of "Eggebakken" shows that the project meets most of the demands of the people. The only missing point in this case is the space for private time which is not presented in the layout of the project.

The storage space and the utility space can be provided by adding modules to the main volume of the dwelling.

E3 b y K a d e n K ling b e i l

Exterior

Fig. III. 5. 1

Interior

Fig. III. 5. 2

Section

Fig. III. 5. 3

Fi g. III . 5. 1 Im age f r om t he s t r e e t , s ou r c e : h t t p :/ / w w w .st imu leringsfo nds.nl/ nl/ t o ek enningen/s mal l _ur bani s m Fi g. III . 5. 2 Im age t o t he p a s s a g e , s ou r c e : h t t p :/ / w iew eit erw o hnen.de/ 1 1 / k a rt e/ p ro jec t / 3 0 Fi g. III . 5. 3 Im age of t he int e r ior , s our c e : htt p :/ / w w w .p ro ho lz .a t / z u sc hnit t / 3 3 / lu ec k enfu eller- mi t-d i s tanz/

59

Location Fig. III. 5. 5

E3

Berlin city centre

E3

Fig. III. 5. 4

Fi g. III . 5. 4 L o c ati o n of t he p r oj e c t wit hin B erlin, o w n illu st ra t io n b a sed o n v iew t a k en fro m h ttps ://maps .googl e.com/ Fi g. III . 5. 5 L o c ati o n of t he p r oj e c t in t he neighb o u rho o d, so u rc e: ht t p :/ / eu ro p a c o nc o rsi.c o m/pr ojects /239891-E 3Fi g. III . 5. 6 B i rde y e v ie w, own illus t r a t ion own illu st ra t io n b a sed o n v iew t a k en fro m ht t p :/ / w ww.bi ng.com/maps /

60

Fig. III. 5. 6

Arch i tectu ral pro gram

E3 d w e lling s s ta irc a s e of f ic e c ou rty ard s tora g e

Fi g. III . 5. 7 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

Fig. III. 5. 7

61

pu b lic

sh ar ed

Fi g. III . 5. 8 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion

62

c ol l ect i ve

semi - pri vat e

pri vate

Tran si ti o n f ro m pu bl i c to pri vate space

Fig. III. 5. 8

element

Arch i tectu ral el em en ts wh i ch co n n ect di f f eren t zo n es

s pa ce

Fig. III. 5. 9

Fig. III. 5. 10

Fig. III. 5. 11

Fi g. III . 5. 9 D i agram , own illus t r a t ion Fi g. III . 5. 10 Im age p a r t e r , s ou r c e : ht t p : / / w w w .st imu leringsfo nds.nl/ nl/ t o ek enningen/ sma ll_u rbani s m Fi g. III . 5. 11 Im age f r om t he log g ia , s ou r c e: ht t p :/ / w w w .ic eb .nl/ p ro fessio neel/ v o o rb eeldp ro jecten/pr oject.as p? cod e_pr jc= 8315

63

Ro u ti n g

6 t h f loor

5 t h f loor

Key p u b lic

4 t h f loor

c olle c tive p riva te

3 t h f loor

2 n d f loor

1 st f loor

g r o u nd floor

Fi g. III . 5. 12 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

64

Fig. III. 5.12

Di agram f i xed/ o pti o n al

Key f ix e d op tiona l

Fi g. III . 5. 13 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

Fig. III. 5. 13

65

Dwel l i n g typo l o gi es

Type 1 with loggia 133 m 2 inside area 28 m 2 loggia outside area 7,4 m 2 balcony outside area 399 m 3 volume

Type 2 with loggia 133 m 2 inside area 28 m 2 loggia outside area 7,4 m 2 balcony outside area 399 m 3 volume

Type 3 with loggia 153 m 2 inside area 6 m 2 loggia outside area 7,4 m 2 balcony outside area 459 m 3 volume

Type 1 Type 6

Type 5

Type 4 Type 5 without loggia without loggia 45,5 m 2 inside area 118 m 2 inside area 5,4 m 2 balcony 7 m 2 balcony outside area outside area 136,5 m 3 volume 354 m 3 volume Fi g. III . 5. 14 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion

66

T ype 6 without loggia 161 m 2 inside area 7,4 m 2 balcony outside area 483 m 3 volume

Type 2

Type 4 Type 3

Fig. III. 5. 14

Materi al i ty

Fig. III. 5. 15 Fig. III. 5. 18

Fig. III. 5. 16

Fig. III. 5. 17

Fi g. III . 5. 15 Im age int e r ior , s ou r c e : ht t p : / / w w w .p ro ho lz .a t / z u sc hnit t / 3 3 / lu ec k enfu eller-mit -d i s tanz/ Fi g. III . 5. 16 Im age s t a ir c a s e , s ou r c e : ht t p : / / w iew eit erw o hnen.de/ 1 1 / k a rt e/ p ro jec t / 3 0 Exposed concrete Fi g. III . 5. 17 D i agra m , own illus t r a t ion Fi g. III . 5. 18 Im age f a c a d e , s ou r c e : ht t p : / / w w w .st imu leringsfo nds.nl/ nl/ t o ek enningen/ sma ll_ ur bani s m Fi g. III . 5. 19 Im age log g ia , s ou r c e : ht t p : / / e u ro p a c o nc o rsi.c o m/ p ro jec t s/ 2 3 9 8 9 1 -E3 -

Fig. III. 5. 19

Decking

67

B u i l di n g gro u p "E3" S iz e of th e b uildi ng grou p: 7 hou seh o l ds

The initiative arose after all seven households were looking for affordable homes in Berlin which would meet their needs. The groundfloor is the office of the architects of the building- Kaden Klingbeil.

6 families

Age of the building group:

1 single

All the members are young people under 35 years.

Kaden Klingbeil office

Demands Large living area

De Hoofden +/-

Large windows

+

High ceilings

-

Space for private time

+/-

Outside space

+

Storage space

+

Utility space Options for different layout 68

Conclusion

Key +

present in the design

o

optional in the design

-

missing in the design

+/-

Table III. 5

In the case of "E3" the architects designed each apartment according to the individual wishes of the users. In that sence the layout of the appartments is fixed. That is why the living area, the utility space and the private space are marked with +/-. In some appartments these elements are present, but in others they aren't.

The height of the floors is equal in the entire building and does not provide extra height anywhere.

I V. Co n c l us i o n s

A . C o n c er n in g th e a n aliz ed data

a r e o t h e r spe ci a l qu a l i t i e s o f t h e

s p a c e s : p riva te b a lc onie s , c olle c tive

de si gn . F o r e x a m pl e , i n t h e ca s e o f

log g ias a nd a c ou rty ard . He nc e , e ac h

In th e tabl e bel ow (Tabl e I V.1)

V r i j bu r ch t t h e l a yo u t i s fi x e d a n d

of the a na liz e d c as e s tu d ie s is not only

is s h own t h e compari son between

t h e h e i gh t s o f t h e s pa ce s a r e n o t

inve s tig a te d f rom the p oint of vie w of

t h e d em an d s a nd the anal i zed c ase

h i gh e r t h a n i n o r di n a r y dwe l l i n gs b u t

the d e m a nd s b u t a ls o f rom the p oint

s t ud i es. F rom the presented data i s

t h e co m pl e x pr o v i de s i t s i n h a bi t a n ts

of vie w of the a rc hite c tu ra l q u a litie s

cle a r th at m ost of the demands are

wi t h a l a r ge v a r i e t y o f fu n ct i o n s (s e e

w hic h the y p re s e nt. A s arc hite c ts , w e

im plem en ted in the projec ts and i n

F i g. I I I .3 .7 ) a n d o u t s i de spa ce s, s u c h

s hou ld s a tis f y not only the ne e d s a nd

t h e cases wh ere the demands are

a s a co u r t ya r d, co l l e ct i v e t e r r a ce s ,

the w is he s of the u s e rs , b u t s trive to

m i s s in g th ere is an opti on for i t to

ga l e r i e s , ba l co n i e s a n d r o o f t e r a c e s s .

g o b e y ond that and p rovid e an e ve n

b e i n clud ed . In some c ases part of

I n a di ffe r e n t wa y E3 a l s o pr o v i de s the

hig he r le ve l of q u a lity .

t h e d em an d s a re mi ssi ng bu t there

i n h a bi t a n t s wi t h di v e r si t y o f o u t si d e

Demands

De Hoofden

Wallisblock

Vrijburcht

Key

Eggebakken E3

Large living area

0

0

+/-

+

+/-

Large windows

+

+

+

+

+

High ceilings

+

-

-

+

Space for private time

0

0

+/-

Outside space

+

+

Storage space

+

Utility space Options for different layout

+

present in the design

-

o

optional in the design

-

+/-

-

missing in the design

+

+

+

0

+

0

+

0

0

-

0

+/-

+

+

-

+

Table IV.1

69

I V. Co n c l us i o n s

B. C o n cerni ng the desi gn

i n wh i ch we wi l l t r y t o fu r t h e r de v e lop

a nd inte re s ting . P as s ing throu g h

t h e a bo v e m e n t i o n e d ch a r a ct e r i st ic s

s p a c e s w ith a d if f e re nt atm os p he re ,

a n d t o e l a bo r a t e s u ch a t ypo l o gy

s iz e , illu m ina tion or u s a g e , c a n ad d

a n d th e d em ands of the peopl e,

wh i ch wo u l d m e e t t h e e x pe ct a t i ons of

va lu e to the p roj e c t. B y arra ng ing

w e a lread y gai ned k nowl edge and

t h e 2 1 s t ce n t u r y. T h i s ca n be a ch i e ve d

s p a c e s in c e rta in ord e r w e c an

id e a s f or th e f utu re desi gn whi c h

by co m bi n i n g spa ce s wi t h di ffe r e nt

p rovoke d if f e re nt e m otions in the

w e dev elo p n e xt to the researc h.

h e i gh t s , cr e a t i n g v i s u a l co n n e ct i ons

inha b itants , w e c an ad d q u a lity to the

T o p ro ceed f urther w i th ou r desi gn

be t we e n t h e i n t e r i o r spa ce s o r / a n d

b u ild ing and to m a ke the d e s ig n vita l.

w e wo uld n o t onl y i nc orporate the

be t we e n o u t s i de a n d i n s i de , de s i g ning

e le m en ts wh ich the peopl e menti o n e d

" dyn a m i c" fl o o r pl a n s wh i ch ch a n g e

f u ll of p ote ntial is the tim e f ra m e

a n d wh ich we fou nd i n the anal i zed

du r i n g t h e l i fe t i m e o f t h e bu i l di n g or

of u s a g e of the s p a c e s . The s p a c e s

ca s e stud ies in the projec t, bu t we wi l l

pr o v i di n g e x t r a spa ce wh i ch ca n b e

c an b e u s e d in one w a y d u ring the

t r y t o d ev elo p some of the desc ri be d

e x ch a n ge d be t we e n t h e i n h a bi t a nts ,

d a y , b u t in a c om p le te ly d if f e re nt

f e a t u res an d add extra qu al i ti es to

de pe n di n g o n t h e i r cu r r e n t n e e ds .

w a y in the e ve ning or d u ring s p e c ial

s o m e of th ese el ements. For i nstanc e ,

d a y s w he n the s a m e s p a c e s c a n

a s w e alread y u nderl i ned i n the fi rs t

a n d t h e e x a m pl e s o f t h e t r a n s i t i o ns

b e c hang e d a nd u s e d b y othe r

p a r t o f th e researc h as w el l as i n

fr o m t h e ca s e s t u dy a n a l ysi s i s t h e

inha b itants . Te rra c c e s or c olle c tive

t h e case st ud y anal ysi s, one of the

n e x t po i n t wh i ch ca n be u se d a s

inte rior s p a c e s c a n b e u s e d b y

ch a r act eristics of the Col l ec ti ve

a n i n s pi r a t i o n a n d ca n be fu r t h e r

c hild e rn d u ring the d ay f or g am e s ,

P r i v ate C om m i si oni ng i s the di versi ty i n

de v e l o pe d i n t h e de si gn o f i sl a n d 7.

a rts , or j u s t f or s p e nd ing tim e tog e the r

t h e d wellin g typol ogi es.

Ea ch o f u s s h o u l d fi n d h i s o wn wa y

a nd in the e ve ning to b e u s e d b y

B y usin g th e d emands of the people

t o i n t r o du ce co l l e ct i v e o r /a n d se mi

y ou ng p e op le f rom the b u ild ing s to

a s a p o in t of departu re (open l ay o u t s ,

pr i v a t e spa ce s bu t po s si bl e di r e ctions

m e e t.

f le x i b le sp ace, hi g h c ei l i ng s, bi g

a r e t e r r r a ce s, ga r de n s , a t r i u m s o r

w in d ows, etc. ) eac h of u s wi l l desi gn a

o t h e r i n t e r i o r a n d e x t e r i o r spa ce s

s e t of d wellin g typol ogi es for I sl and 7

wh i ch wo u l d m a k e t h e pr o j e ct r i ch

70

B y in v esti gati ng both- the CP C

T h e n e e d fo r o u t s i de spa ce s

A nothe r d ire c tion w hic h is a ls o

A l l ab o v e m en ti oned possi bi l i ti es ca n

t h e l i t e r a t u r e t o t h e fo l l o wi n g de s ig n

a d d v alue t o the desi gn that wou l d

pr o ce ss a r e t h e s t a r t i n g po i n t s wh i c h

n o t hav e b een possi bl e i n a tradi ti o n a l

sh o u l d be fu r t h e r de v e l o pe d i n t h e

la r g escale h ou si ng bl oc k or i n a

n e x t s t e ps o f t h e de si gn pr o ce s s.

p r iv at e custo m desi gned dwel l i ng.

***

D e pen d in g o n an i ndi vi du al approach , s o m e of th ese possi bi l i ti es w i l l be in co rp orat ed ei ther i n the desi g n o f t h e d wellin gs or i n the c ol l ec ti ve a n d p ub lic sp aces.

C h oo sin g one or another

a p p ro ach is a dec i si on whi c h eac h o f us sh o uld t ake ac c ordi ng to the s i t e , th e p rogra m and the ai m of the d e s ign . T h e key rol e of the researc h is t h a t it already provi ded u s w i th e x a mp les an d k nowl edge whi c h in s pired us an d w hi c h arou se g reat in t e rest f or th e desi gn. I n that sence t h e research bec ame part of the e n t i r e p ro cess of desi g ni ng and ser v e s a s a b ase f or maki ng dec i si ons and t a k i n g d irections i nstead of bei ng a s e p arate study on CPC or the d e man d s o f th e 21 s t c entu ry . The l i n k s b e t ween th e e xami ned projec ts and

71

L iter a t ur e l i s t • A lexan d ra Ti sma, Li k e Bi jl sma, E d D am m ers, Pri vate i ni ti ati ves in h o usin g devel opments i n The N e t h erlan d s and the rol e of d i rected urban desi g n (N L I nsti tut e f o r S p atial Researc h, 43rd I SOCARP C o n gress 2 007) • B osm a, Ko o s, et. al . Hou si ng for t h e Millio n s: J ohn Harbrak en and the S AR ( 1 9 6 0 -2 000), Rotterdam, N A i P u b lish er, 2 000 • D ick v an G ameren, Di fferenti ati on a n d C o h en si on, DASH: Bu i l di ng T o geth er, 2 013 • F r a n cin e F ort, et. al , New Forms o f C o llectiv e Hou si ng i n Eu rope ( Birkh auser, Basel Berl i n Boston, 2009) • H e in d e Haan, Li dew i j Tu mmers, C o llectiv ely Commi ssi oned Hou s i n g: T h e Ad d ed Q u al i ty of Bu i l di ng i n S elf -Man age ment (TU Del ft, Ju ne 2007) • H u lsh o f , In eke. Urban Renewal a n d A ff ord ab le Hou si ng i n Rotterdam t he Wallisb lok . Del ft: TU Del ft, 201 1 .

• H u lsh o f , In eke. "Poeti c Freedom."

72

De l ft : T U De l ft , 2 0 0 8 .

• H u r e n k a m p, M e n n o , a n d Ev e l i e n T o n k e n s . De On be h o l pe n Sa m e n l e v i n g. A m st e r da m : A m st e r da m U n i v e r si t y P r e ss , 2 0 11 • St e ph e n F i n l a y, I s a be l l a P e r e i r a , El l a F r ye r - Sm i t h , A n n e C h a r l t o n , Re be cca Ro be r t s - H u gh e s, T h e w ay we l i v e n o w: wh a t pe o pl e n e e d a nd e x pe ct o f t h e i r h o m e s (I pso s M O R I & RI BA , L o n do n 2 0 1 3 )

2 0 1 3 /2 0 1 4