UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO EFL TRANSLATION
2020
A GUIDE FOR INTERPRETERS
PREPARED AND PRESENTED BY
CHAMORRO ESTEBAN YAZÁN MISHEL
TRANSLATION VS. INTERPRETATION
Both translation and interpretation enable communication across languages from source to target. Translation deciphers meaning of the written word from one language to another. Interpretation conveys meaning of the spoken word from one language to another. Interpretation is a service that happens in the moment. It is delivered live--either in unison with (simultaneous) or immediately after (consecutive) the original speech--with no help from scripts, dictionaries, or other reference materials. Perhaps the biggest difference between interpreters and translators, then, is that most professional translators use computer-aided tools in their work. This involves converting the source content into a file type that's easy to work with (typically RTF), applying a translation memory (TM) to the text to automatically translate anything the tool has translated before, and filling in the gaps from scratch.
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WHAT DOES A TRANSLATOR NEEDS?
T r a n s l a t o r s m u s t c a p t u r e t h e c o n te n t, s ty l e a n d fo r m o f t h e o r i g i n a l t e x t a c c u r a t e l y a n d p r e c i s e l y a n d th e n r e n d e r i t i n to th e t a r g et l a n g u a g e . T h e p r o c e s s t a k e s ti m e a n d ty p i c a l l y r e q u i r e s s ever a l e d i t i o n s . T h e t r a n s l a t o r m u s t r e a d th e te x t i n th e s o u r ce l a n g u a g e, d e c i p h e r i t s m e a n i n g , t h e n w r i te , r e w r i te a n d p r o o fr e a d t h e co n t en t i n t h e t a r g e t l a n g u a g e t o e n s u r e th e o r i g i n a l m e a n i n g , s t y l e a n d f o r m a r e m a i n t a i n e d . D e p e n d i n g o n th e c o n te x t, th e tr a n s l a t o r m a y n e e d t o a p p l y t h o r o u g h r e s e a r c h a n d c o n s u l ta ti o n te c h n i q u es t o t h e w o r k a t h a n d i n o r d e r t o w i d e n h i s o r h e r u n d e r s ta n d i n g o f t h e s u b j e c t . T h e f i n a l p r o d u c t s h o u l d b e p o l i s h e d , e l o q u e n t l y w r i t t en and completely free of error. The key skills of the translator are: The ability to understad the source language. T h e a b i l i t y t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e c u l tu r e o f th e c o u n tr y w h er e t h e t ex t originated. U s i n g a g o o d l i b r a r y o f d i c t i o n a r i e s a n d r e fe r e n c e m a ter i a l s , t o r e n d e r t h a t m a t e r i a l c l e a r l y a n d a c c u r a te l y i n to th e ta r g et l a n g u a g e. T h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t m a r k o f a g o o d tr a n s l a to r i s th e a b i l i t y t o w r i t e well in the taget language.
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WHAT DOES An interpretor NEEDS?
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n i s a m u c h m o r e i m m e d i a te p r o c e s s w i th n o t i m e fo r s e c o n d g u e s s i n g o r w o r d s m i th i n g . T h e m e a n i n g m u s t b e r en d er ed o n t h e s p o t f o r b o t h s i m u l t a n e o u s a n d c o n s e c u ti v e i n te r p r et i n g m o d e s . W i t h s i m u l t a n e o u s in te r p r e ti n g , th e i n te r p r e te r m u s t i n t e r p r e t a t t h e p a c e o f t h e s p e a k e r , m e a n i n g th a t th e i n t er p r et er m u s t l i s t e n t o t h e s o u r c e l a n g u a g e a n d s p e a k th e ta r g et l a n g u a g e a t t h e s a m e t i m e . W i t h c o n s e c u ti v e i n te r p r e ti n g , th e i n te r p r et er m u s t w a i t f o r t h e s p e a k e r t o f i n i s h s p e a k i n g a n d th e n i n te r p r et w h a t w a s s a i d . T h e i n t e r p r e t e r m u s t l i s te n to th e ta r g e t l a n g u a g e, t a k e m en t a l o r w r i t t e n n o t e s , a n d t h e n r e n d e r th e i n fo r m a ti o n i n to t h e t a r g et language. The key skills are: B e a b l e t o t r a n s l a t e i n b o t h d i r e c ti o n s . N o u s i n g d i c t i o n a r i e s o r o t h e r r e fe r e n c e m a te r i a l s . E x t r a o r d i n a r y l i s t e n i n g a b i l iti e s . P r o c e s s a n d m e m o r i z e t h e w o r d s th a t th e s o u r c e - l a n g u a g e s p ea k er says. Excelent public speaking skills. Excelent note-taking techniques.
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HISTORY OF INTERPRETATION THERE IS NO HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INTERPRETERS AS THEY ARE RARELY MENTIONED IN HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS, MOST OF THE TIMES THE INTERPRETER WAS A LINGUIST OR A DIPLOMAT.
A The fact that interpreting has existed for a long time cannot be denied. Different situations lead to a need of interpreting and the most important is communication, these could be meetings of people from different countries, so that the people that can carry out this job are the people that have lived in a bilingual environment or the ones that have been learning a certain language. Interpreting was first needed when Europeans move outside their country and they had no knowledge of other languages, and the communication was necessary. There is an important fact about interpreting which is that it comes from the times of Christopher Columbus as he took six native Indians to learn Spanish and they work as interpreters od the Indian and Spanish languages.
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Some other countries as France, China, etc., did the same when colonizing but the Missionary priests were the ones that spread the language through dictionaries of native languages. Interpretation has been important since it was required to attend to important conferences at the United Nations, at this time, French and English were the required languages to communicate. As a result, Universities decided to offer courses to be an interpreter, universities such as The University of Geneva School was founded in 1940 with this purpose.
TYPES OF INTERPRETING WE HAVE A LARGE VARIETY OF INTERPRETING TECHNIQUES, SOME OF THEM ARE VERY USEFUL AND OTHER HAVE BEEN DISAPPEARING.. Conference Interpreting It is very common when international organizations are carried out, in this case, simultaneous interpreting is the suitable one. Simultaneous interpreting consists of interpreting at the same time the speaker talks. Having the advantage of wearing headphones and microphones make interpreting a little bit easy for interpreters. As this is not an easy job, as interpreter can burn out when interpreting for long periods of time, there is necessary another interpreter. In addition, electronic devices have some buttons as the interpreter may need to mute his microphone for a while or to turn up or down the volume. Another important button is the Rely button that is used when the interpreter listens to an interpretation from another booth that interprets in a different language to the required one. Consecutive Interpreting This consists of interpreting by taking notes, it means that at the end of a speech the interpreter stands up and delivers the whole speech, currently, the delivery must be done in 15 minutes whereas in the past was 30 minutes but it was time consuming and too much work for interpreters. This type of interpreting is carried out when Simultaneous interpreting can’t be done due to the lack of the electronic devices. Some important skills for an interpreter to develop are good memory, knowledge of the language, concentration. How to take notes is very important in this type of interpreting because it is required to remember everything as this is not a summary. Every interpreter has its own way to take notes but these are the most common features to take into account. Whispered Interpreting This interpreting technique consist of interpreting what the speaker says to his/her ear like whispering to him/her. It is not a recommended way to interpret as it can damage the interpreter vocal cords and sometimes it is not very accurate for the speaker. In this case, no equipment is required as they are close one to each other. Sign language interpreting It is now a common way of interpreting provided for deaf people, as they cannot listen, they can see what a person is interpreting by watching the interpreter using sign language.
Sight Translation Interpreters are asked to read documents aloud T elephone Interpreting
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RECOMMEDATIONS FOR INTERPRETERS - Interpreters must site aside their speakers while conveying his/her ideas, not in the middle of both speakers. - Talking in first person is one important thing to keep in mind because it delivers the message in an accurate way. - Even if the information is irrelevant, it is the role of the interpreter to convey everything that was said. - Interpreters must involve speakers in the conversation by telling everything that is being said. HANNAH PERKINS DIRECTOR
PRESIDT
VICE PRESIDENT
- It is important to make a pause whenever the speaker gives the chance to not mislead the conversation and most important, the message.
- Replicate the register, tone and style of the speaker is very important to be understood and prevent confusion.
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REFERENCES - •Retrieved from: https://www.languagescientific.com/the-differencebetween-translation-and-interpreting/ • •Dollerup, C., & Loddegaard, A. (Eds.). (1992). Teaching translation and interpreting: training, talent, and experience (Vol. 5). John Benjamins Publishing. • HANNAH PERKINS •Özgür, DIRECTOR B. (2001). Mary Phelan - The PRESIDT Interpreters Resource. VICE PRESIDENT academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/7364929/Mary_Phelan__The_Interpreters_Resource
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