Community Capacity Building Project, Lathrottu, Mijar JULY 2015 EDIFICE CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.
01. Introduction
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The Mangalore Region
Mangalore is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located about 350 kilometres west of the state capital, Bengaluru. Mangalore lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghat mountain ranges, and is the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district in south western Karnataka. Mangalore is demographically diverse with several languages, including Tulu, Konkani, Kannada, and Beary bashe commonly spoken, and is the largest city of Tulu Nadu region. The city’s landscape is characterised by rolling hills, coconut palms, freshwater streams, and hard red-clay tiled-roof buildings.
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Lathrottu
Mijar is a small town in the Dkashin Kannada district of Karnataka. The town lies on NH13 between Mangalore and Sholapur. The city closest to Mijar is Moodbidri (5 km away). The site falls within the coastal region between the Western Ghats and the Udipi Coast. The site itself (about 2 acres) makes up the bulk of built structures in the village. There are about twenty homes on this site. The entire area is densely forested with evergreen trees and the land features a highly undulating terrain. The soil is comprised of rocky laterite (red soil) and black-stone.
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People of Lathrottu General Information
The village of Lathrottu is home to some 125 people. The site itself has about fifteen buildings which house up to seventy-five residents. All thirteen families residing on the site are related to each other. The elder-most member of the community is a seventy-five year old woman and the youngest member is a three-month old child. There are fifteen or so children between the ages of 5 and 15. The largest household houses twelve members and the smallest houses a young couple. On average, up to five members share one household. Families are patriarchal in nature. Families have domesticated dogs for security from intruders & snakes and for companionship. Although there is no leader for the community as such, 50 y.o. Nallayyah is generally considered to be the spokesperson. Upon rehabilitation to Lathrottu, the men-folk of the community have sought occupation as daily wage labourers in local small & medium scale industries. The community worships the local village deities. A small shrine to the gods is located centrally under two large trees.
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People of Lathrottu Daily Activities
A typical day at Lothrattu begins at 5:00 AM with the men stepping out to bathe and prepare fire-wood to heat water. In the meanwhile, women prepare for day’s food needs in the kitchen which is in some cases located in an external shed. At around 7:00 AM the men head out to their jobs. Children leave soon after for their schools which begin at 9:30 AM. The day’s activity for women involve cleaning, cooking, beedi rolling, washing clothes, etc. Children return from schools by 4:30 after which they all play together for two or three hours. Children typically play games like lagoi, kabaddi, luda and cricket. After playing, the children typically study indoors for an hour. Men return from work at 19:00 and dinner is served and eaten in families between 20:30 and 22:00.
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People of Lathrottu Occupation
Traditionally the members of this community had been engaged in manual scavenging activities. Upon rehabilitation to Lathrottu, the men-folk of the community have sought occupation as daily wage labourers in local small & medium scale industries. The men of Lathrottu work in temporary / seasonal shifts at beedi factories, at the engineering colleges at Moodbidri & Mijar, in local construction activities and in the cashew factory. On average the men earn Rs. 400 to Rs. 500 per day. Women are employed by the local beedi factories for rolling activities. This is essentially a household arrangement. On average, the women earn Rs. 60 to Rs. 100 per day. There is no direct link to agricultural or pastoral activities whatsoever. Senior citizens stay at home to look after the land, home and families and there is no evidence of child labour. Salaries are paid on a weekly basis every Saturday.
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People of Lathrottu Others
FOOD: Families consume fish curry and rice on a regular basis. Most families rear chicken for eggs and meat. Kitchens are located adjacent to the houses in a separate back-room or in a shed. This largely depends on the size of the family and the number of people who cook together. Families dine together in their dining rooms while squatting on the floor. RELIGION: The community worships the local village deities. A small shrine to the gods is located centrally under two large trees. All villagers are Hindus but their beliefs are non-mainstream and their celebrations are not of a communal nature. Each house has a small pooja shelf. EDUCATION: Formal education in the community is evident only in the current generation of children. The most qualified person as of now is a young woman who is ‘seventh-pass’. This has an effect on the community’s employability. The some-what isolated nature of the village coupled with poor frequency of public transport to local schools means that children walk to school every day. Small children are sent to the Thippulabettu Govt. Primary School and eldre children study at the Bolecha Govt. School. Two elder girls currently pursuing higher education reside at hostels in the Kalabettu Govt. School in Moodbidri.
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02. Site Study
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Site Study Macro Context
The hamlet can be accessed from the Mijar Bus Stop which is at an intersection on the NH 13 connecting Mangalore and Sholapur. This intersection is about 1.5 km away from Lathrottu. A single bus (07:15/07:30) connects the village to the Mijar Bus Stop. The recently established ALVA’s Institute of Engineering and Technology is a major landmark and is located to the West of the site on NH 13.
TO MOODBIDRI
SITE ALVA’S INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
MIJAR BUS STOP
TO MANGALORE
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Site Study Meso Context
The 2 acre site is on the Northern edge of the 9 m wide link road. Site surroundings are densely vegetated with evergreen trees on a highly undulating terrain. To the West of the site is a large Daamar factory which prepares aggregates from the laterite rock for local construction works.
LOCAL DAAMAR FACTORY
SITE
TO MIJAR BUS STOP
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Site Study Access
The 2 Acre site is accessed from the 9 m wide link road at 2 points. Houses on this site are organized in two pockets based on the access. The larger pocket has 17 houses and the smaller pocket has 4.
TO MIJAR BUS STOP
4.5 M WIDE INTERNAL RD.
9 M WIDE EXTERNAL RD.
SITE BOUNDARY IS TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT. INDIVIDUAL PLOT BOUNDARIES ARE TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT.
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Site Study Building Location
The site is home to thirteen families living in fifteen households. These houses have been marked in plan. In addition to these families, the site also has 5 more families which may be considered within the perview of the larger development. Each of these families have been allotted between 3 and 5 cents of land on which they have built their houses. All houses are accessed from the central road.
TO MIJAR BUS STOP
SITE BOUNDARY IS TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT. INDIVIDUAL PLOT BOUNDARIES ARE TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT.
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Site Study Water Supply
Water to the site is supplied from a water tank placed on the highest point on site. Water is fed to three communal taps distributed on the site. There is no water supply to individual homes. Residents boil this water for domestic and cooking purposes in their own homes in special hearths located in kitchens and toilets/ sheds.
TO MIJAR BUS STOP
SITE BOUNDARY IS TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT. INDIVIDUAL PLOT BOUNDARIES ARE TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT.
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Site Study Electric Supply
Electricity is supplied to the community from the local grid. A small transformer is located on the Southern edge of the abutting 9 m wide road. Electric poles set up by the government carry elctricity to individual homes. Two houses have added solar panels for lamps.
TO MIJAR BUS STOP
SITE BOUNDARY IS TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT. INDIVIDUAL PLOT BOUNDARIES ARE TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT.
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Site Study Shared Facilities
The local village deity temple is located centrally. An open space near the temple serves as a square for the village and as a small playground for children. The Govt. has provided a shared community toilet block which is frequently used by residents who do not have an attached toilet in their homes.
TOILET
TEMPLE
TO MIJAR BUS STOP
SITE BOUNDARY IS TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT. INDIVIDUAL PLOT BOUNDARIES ARE TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT.
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Site Study Vegetation
Densely vegetated with evergreen trees.
TO MIJAR BUS STOP
SITE BOUNDARY IS TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT. INDIVIDUAL PLOT BOUNDARIES ARE TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT.
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Geography Terrain
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Geography Soil
The soil in this region predominantly consists of Laterite rocks or Red Soil. The hard strata is often cut to create archiectural levels in settlements. Laterite is a porous rock and where the soil is loose, grass ans shrubs take root. In densly vegetated parts, the top soil has a high humus content and can be fertile.
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Geography Vegetation
BANANA & PLANTAINS
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PAPAYA
COCONUT
RAMPHAL
CASHEW
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03. Local Architecture
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Local Architecture Building Materials
RED OR LATERITE SOIL
LOCALLY AVAILABLE SOFT-WOODS
LATERITE BLOCKS
MANGALORE TILES
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Local Architecture Entrances & Compound Walls
STONE BRIDGES OVER DRAINS
STONE STRIPS
A TRADITIONAL GATE
MUD WALL AROUND FRONT-YARD
CUT-EARTH LEVELS
BROKEN GLASS ON WALLS
SIMPLE DEMARCATION
LOW HINGED WOODEN GATES
The village typically has kuchcha compound walls and simple gates. The belief in the need for compound wall for security does not seem like a priority.Compound walls are not necessarily used for security. The compound wall in these homes simply serves the purpose of marking a boundary. Some compounds are lined with colourful shrubs or just low mud walls.
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Local Architecture Front Yards
A PLANT OR TREE
THE TULSI
GRIND-STONE
WASHING STONE
CHILDREN’S PLAY-POLE
CHICKEN COOPS
AN OUTDOOR BED
CLOTHESLINES
The front yards of all homes typically have four main things; a tree, the tulsi plant, a grind-stone and a washing stone. In addition, the front yard serves as a private gathering space, a play area for children or a place to leave clothes to dry. Chicken and their coops are placed in front yards.
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Local Architecture Verandah / Porch
RESIDENCE NAMES
FAMILY & GATHERING SPACE
CONTEMPLATIVE SPACE
EXTENDED PORCH
AN OUTDOOR ROOM
OUTDOOR POOJA-ROOM
PET-SPACE
The verandah or porch is an architectural feature not present in every home. However, the activities that happen in the verandah are replicated in other homes in the open. All families can benefit from the addition of a verandah to their homes.
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Local Architecture Habitable Rooms
WOODEN DOORS
GROOVES FOR CEILING RAFTERS
SOFT-WOOD ROOFING FRAME
LARGE SQUARE WINDOWS
NO LINTELS OVER DOOR FRAME
POOJA SHELVES
ARCHED DOORWAYS BETWEEN ROOMS
Habitable spaces are simple cubicles which are interconnected by a dining space or small corridor. Generally, the rooms are no bigger that 8’ x 8’ with the hall extending length-wise and the bedrooms in a square. Habitable spaces do not directly connect to the toilets. Kitchen is adjacent to the dining space.
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Local Architecture Kitchens
REAR OR SIDE LOCATION
SIMPLE LOW OTA
TRADITIONAL CHULHA ARRANGEMENT
CHARRED WALLS
LOFTS
Kitchens are usually located on the rear side of the homes and primarily used by the women-folk. The main mode of cooking is the wood-stove and there is no gas connection. Kitchens typically have a loft and a shelf-recess for storage and a window acts as the only ventilator. Smoke fills the rooms and darkens the walls.
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Local Architecture Toilets
DUG-OUT PIT FOR TOILETS OUTSIDE HOMES
OUTER ACCESS TO TOILETS
SMALL SQUARE VENTILATORS
ORISSAN PAN
EXTERNAL FURNACE
WATER BOILING APPARATUS
The toilet, when attached to a home, is built over a large pit. The W/C is of the Orissan Pan style and there are no taps or flowing water inside. There is a furnace-like apparatus for boiling large quantities of water with fire-wood. People who do not have access to attached toilets use the shared toilet provided by the Government.
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Local Architecture Sheds
ATTACHED SHED WITH TOILET
COVERED KUCHCHA SHED
SEMI-COVERED KUCHCHA SHED
KITCHEN STORAGE
KUCHCHA VERANDAH SHED
SEMI-PUCCA OUTEHOUSE
OUTER KITCHEN
VERANDAH SHED
All inhabited homes have a shed. The shed is essentially a kuchcha structure. It primarily acts as a spill-over space for domestic activities and as an outdoor storage unit. Social or group activities do not take place in these sheds.
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Local Architecture Backyards
ROADSIDE BACKYARD
NATURAL UNDERGROWTH
VEGETABLE GARDEN
PLAY AREA
WOOD AND STONE STORAGE
SECONDARY SHED OR OUTHOUSE
UNKEMPT SLOPES
CLOTHESLINE
Every home has a backyard. Depending on the size of the plot allotted to the family, the size of the backyard varies. Generally, the backyard is the most densely vegetated and least artificially maintained part. Some homes have a second shed in their backyards while others use it as kitchen gardens.
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04. Cluster & Community
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Clustering Macro Principles
Houses are organized in a grid manner along the South-West to North-East direction. The frontyards of houses are alinged with the dominant valleys on the site leading from the top to the 9 m wide access road.
TO MIJAR BUS STOP
SITE BOUNDARY IS TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT. INDIVIDUAL PLOT BOUNDARIES ARE TENTATIVE UNTIL ACCURATE DATA IS SUPPLIED BY THE CLIENT.
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Clustering Micro Principles
FRONT YARDS IN A ROW, POSSIBLY ALONG THE VALLEY LINE
HOUSE EXTENSIONS TEND TO BE DISTINCTLY DIFFERENT
HOUSES ON A FRONT-REAR ARRANGEMENT FOR PRIVACY
GAPS BETWEEN NEW AND EXTENDED BUILDINGS
Homes do not face each other. Rather, rows of houses are flanked by open spaces on either side which create a series of private and semi-private front and backyards. Sometimes, the backside of one house can be used to support a shed. Extensions of houses happen adjacently but often without joining. This is due to the strip foundation and construction of separate plinth.
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Community Features Shared Facilities
COMMON ACCESS ROAD
SHRINE TO THE VILLAGE DEITY
COMMUNITY WATER TAPS
ELECTRIC METERS FOR EACH HOUSEHOLD
WATER TANK
COMMUNITY WATER TANKS
GOVT. COMMON TOILET FACILITY
Essential services such as access, water and electricity are shared by the whole community. Additionally, the settlement has its own village deity to which a small shrine has been built.
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Community Features Pioneering Moves
ORGANIC VEBEGATABL GARDEN
SOLAR PANELS
CLEANLINESS AND DECORATION
SATELLITE TV CONNECTION
Some families are more enterprising than others. Important pioneering moves in the community include solar harvesting for lamps, digital cable connection for TV viewing, kitchen garden for vegetables & spices and investment in horticulture & cleanliness.
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05. Case Studies
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Macro Level- Architecture & Local Context Belapu, Udipi Belapu is located just inland from the Udipi coast and is a mid-sized village of about five hundred families. Access to the site is from the NH-17 just South of Udipi. The mildly undulating landscape is used for paddy farming among other things.
TO BELAPU PANCHAYAT
Houses are organized in a N-S orientation in a grid-iron pattern.The residents have access to various facilities on site as well as access to public transport to travel between the village and highway.
Terrain
Laterite or Red Soil is the dominant soilt type. Black Rock is also present in abundance. The terrain on this land is undulating but the height differences are not drastic. The vegetation here is less dense with a predominance of shrubs and grass. Trees grow in distinct patches.
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Shared Facilities
BUS STOP
CRECHE
CREMATORIUM
WATER TANK
MOSQUE
ROAD SIDE SHOP
In addition to homes, the development takes into account a variety of shared facilities for the community including bus stops, creches, water tank, crematorium, mosques and gathering spaces. Houses with street front have opened shops.
Architecture LAYOUT
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
BEDROOM
BEDROOM
LIVING / DINING
TOILET
KITCHEN
PLINTH
EXCAVATION & BOREDER PIT
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
LOAD-BREAING WALLS
PLINTH
DAAMAR FILLING
FINISHED QUALITY
CEMENT PLASTER
WOODEN ROOF FRAMES
Walls are finished in cement plaster and painted in bright colours. Wood is coated with opaque varnish or brown oil paint on the inside. Houses have vitrefied floor tiles and windows are protected with MS grillwork. Faux-pillar made of hollow concrete form individual porces for every home. Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
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Macro Level Ralegan Siddhi
Key points: Ahmadnagar
MAHARASHTRA
Ralegan siddhi village in Maharashtra, located in the Parner taluka of Ahmednagar district, with a population of 2000 inhabitants. The village covers an area of 982.31ha. It falls in the rain shadow region of the Sahyadri mountains. It receives extremely low and erratic rain fall, approx. 400-500mm annually, from July to September.Hence making it a drought prone area. Of the total village area of over 980 ha, over 300 ha is not available for cultivation (about 194 ha is under forest cover). Poor soil quality and depth, prevents water from percolating during the rains. the maximum depth is only 45cm.
Prevailing Conditions All of the rainwater use to run off and get wasted. Whatever rainwater used to get collected was sufficient to barely cultivate one crop in a year.By the year 1975, it was a poverty stricken village, in extreme drought conditions and unhygienic conditions and people finding it difficult to find drinking water and two square meals. More than 50% of households had an average family size of eight or nine members. Around 60% of the households borrowed grains or money and defaulted paying back. Local liquor shops and bars started cropping up as a business and ruined the social scenario, especially for women.It had also led to a lot of migration to the nearby cities like Pune and Mumbai in search of livelihood.
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Drought Prone region Migration, unemployment, deterioration of social life Trap water- Percolate water 2 crops a year Milk and milk products Self sustaining-bio gas, schools, healh care, grain banks Increased employment opportunities Improved social scenario Model Indian Village
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Improvement and Enhancement Measures In 1975 the revival of this village was instigated by Anna Hazare a local, and an ex armyman. The water shed related issues were taken up on priority given the conditions of the village.Trap water – percolate water was the motto applied in different ways in order to utilise the rain water to its optimum and increase water table. Simple schemes like Nalla bunds,Contour bunding,Percolation tank,Community wells,Check dams,Gully plugs and contour trenches. Shurbs and plants were planted on the hillside which recharged aquifers and made more water available for irrigation. Irrigation systems such as drip irrigation and lift irrigation was also implemented. Along with the watershed management other problems related to cattle and society were solved with a five point scheme: Nashabandi (Ban on alcohol, tobacco, etc.) Nasbandi (Family planning) Khurdbandi (Free cattle grazing) Compulsory community service. Equality to all. Other programs for the welfare of the village and for it to be self sustaining were undertaken post the critical watershed program. Some of these schemes were solar energy system development and installation, biogas plants, gobar gas plants, co-ed schools, health care facilities, community toilets, low cost housing, grain banks.
Statistical Data Today this prosperous village profits from growing 2 crops a year. Cattle management and care has led to 3000ltrs of milk being produced a day going out into the market from here earning the village 60,000 rupees /day. The per capita income of the villagers has increased from Rs. 225 to Rs. 2500. Major banks have opened branches here now and the private savings are over 30 million rupees. It has hence become known as a model Indian village which is considered a prototype all over the region.
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Macro Level- Economics Anand Anand is the administrative centre of Anand District in the state of Gujarat, India. It is known as the Milk Capital of India. It became famous for Amul dairy and its milk revolution. This city hosts the Head Office of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd (AMUL). Anand has seen rapid economic growth along the Anand-Vallabh Vidya Nagar and Karamsad road belt. It is well on track to becoming a Municipal Corporation with the inclusion of various peripheral villages like Karamsad, Chikhodra, Lambhvel, V. V Nagar, Bakrol, Mogri and 20 others. Economy of Anand is very vibrant which ranges from farming to big scale industries. Major crops includes Tobacco and Banana apart from the Amul Milk Factory.
Key points: Large number of unorganised milk producers Introduction of an economic organisation pattern Elimination of middle men Educating and enabling small farmers with business acumen Self sustaining village grows to a city
Anand Pattern
Milk Capital of India - Amul
The Anand Pattern is essentially an economic organizational pattern to benefit small producers who join hands forming an integrated approach in order to economy of a large scale business. The whole operation is professionally managed so that the individual producers have the freedom to decide their own policies. The adoption of modern production and marketing techniques helps in providing those services that small producers individually can neither afford nor manage. Under Operation Flood the entire institutional infrastructure set up at the village level, the district level and the state level is owned and operated by the farmers themselves. The Anand Model cooperatives have progressively eliminated middlemen, bringing the producers in direct contact with consumers. The Anand Pattern succeeded because it gave a fair price to the farmer and high - quality milk and milk products to the consumer. The Three Tier Structure The First Tier - Primary village Co-operative Society: This body conducts quality checks for each member and decides the profit share at the end of each year based on quality and quantity of milk. This acts as a vital link for various productivity enhancement and development programmes of farmers programmes.
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The 2nd Tier – District Union: District Union: It is a Union of primary village co-operative societies within a district. The Union buys all the societies’ milk, then processes and markets fluid milk and products. Union also provides a range of inputs and services to village co-operative societies and their members. The Union staff train and provide consulting services to support village co-operative society leaders and staff. The 3rd Tier The State Federation: The cooperative milk producers’ unions in a state form a State Federation which is an apex marketing body responsible for marketing of milk and milk products of member unions. The Federation also plays a role in the overall development of the district unions federated to it.
Social Impact This three tier structure has also brought about social changes in the area. The democratic election process for the office bearers at the village level has enabled more participation and equality in the manner of governance. Education in a non-school sense is also spreading. Veterinary care, the supply of balanced cattle feed, and artificial insemination centers are contributing to health education, nutrition education and sex education. There is a change in the status of women, the income from milk is considered to be earned by them and men have conceded that those women should have a say in how this money is to be spent. Migration to cities from villages of the jobless has reduced due to the employment generation enabled by this initiative.
Statistical Data
Sales Turnover
Rs (Million)
US $ (in million)
2004-05
6000
138
Number of Producer Members
6,80,962
Number of Village Dairy Cooperative Societies
1206
2005-06
7090
160
2006-07
8220
202
Total Milk Handling Capacity
4.5 Million liters per day
2007-08
10770
272
Milk Collection (Daily Average)
1.8 Million liters
2008-09
13780
310
Milk Drying Capacity
100 Mts per day
2009-10
16950
360
Whey Drying Capacity
60 Mts per day
2010-11
21110
469
2011-12
24660
528
2012-13
28500
528
2013-14
34410
574
Cattle Feed Manufacturing Capacity 1200 Mts per day Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
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Architecture Post Tsunami Housing, Srilanka- Shigeru ban Location : Kirinda, Sri Lanka (Asia) Architect : Shigeru Ban Architects, Tokyo, Japan Client : Philip Bay Completed : 2007 Design : 2005 Site size : 71 m2 for each house Total site area : 3'195 m²
This project provides 100 houses in a Muslim fishing village, in the region of Tissamaharama, on the southeast coast of Sri Lanka, following the destruction caused by the 2004 tsunami. Shigeru Ban’s aim was to adapt the houses to their climate, to use local labour and materials to bring profit to the region, and to respond to the villagers’ own requirements through direct consultation. Local rubber-tree wood was used for partitions and fittings, and compressed earth blocks for walls.
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By gathering the villagers and having discussions with them, Ban realised the importance of the following needs 1. To separate spaces for men and women as per the Muslim lifestyle. 2. To secure space for tools and compressors for divers and fishermen. 3. To make a plan where the wet spaces (toilet, kitchen, shower) are contained in the main building. This discussion with a 100 villagers was the key to the success of this project.
Since this was a rehabilitation project, importance lay in reducing the cost and shortening construction times. Shigeru Ban devised a design with minimal components, locally produced materials and above all simplified construction. The principal material was compressed earth blocks or CEB, a compressed mixture of clay and cement available in Sri Lanka at a very low cost which does not require skilled labor. This material allowed villagers to get directly involved in the workforce to construct the houses and also imparted valuable skills for them. Between the foundation wall and core, were placed furniture units that were made from rubber trees, also a locally sourced natural material. As a result of overcoming these three challenges above, this activity was highly esteemed by the villagers. Accordingly, Ban was requested to propose a design for the mosque which was damaged by the Tsunami and gave a presentation to the villagers.
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Technology Solar water heating and Rain water tower- LABee - UFSC
A solar water heating and rainwater tower provides a sustainable solution to domestic water storage and heating needs. This integrated unit that can be installed within new or existing dwellings, and thus delivers a substantial improvement in the daily living conditions of residents. Due to the lack of public infrastructure, residents do not have ready access to drinking water, sewage systems and energy supply. The most serious shortcoming is potable and hot water, basic needs that are covered by the sustainable tower. The tower itself is composed of prefabricated rings made of ferrocement. The modular system, adaptable to different needs and local situations. The smart combination of existing and proven technologies has a great potential for industrial production and realizing the associated economies of scale to reduce costs of production per unit.
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Composting Toilets
A Urine Diverting Dry Toilet (UDDT) is a toilet that operates without water and has a divider so that the user, with little effort can divert the urine away from the faeces. Design considerations: It is important that the two sections of the toilet are well separated to ensure that: a) faeces do not fall into and clog the urine collection area in the front, and that b) urine does not splash down into the dry area of the toilet. There are also 3-hole separating toilets that allow anal cleansing water to go into a third, dedicated basin separate from the urine drain and faeces collection. Both a pedestal and a squat slab can be used to separate urine from faeces depending on user preference Advantages
Disadvantages
Does not require a constant source of water
Prefabricated models not available everywhere
No real problems with odours and vectors (flies) if used and maintained correctly (i.e. kept dry)
Requires training and acceptance to be used correctly
Can be built and repaired with locally available materials
Is prone to misuse and clogging with faeces
Low capital and operating costs
The excreta pile is visible
Good for areas where pit latrines don’t work (high water table, collapsing/rocky soils).
More expensive that low-cost latrine options
Large scale nutrient recovery is a realistic possibility.
Men usually require a separate Urinal for optimum collection of urine
Suitable for all types of users (sitters, squatters, washers, wipers)
Special child seats have to be provided to keep their urine and faeces separate.
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06. Our Vision
Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
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WHAT:
Creating a self-sustaining community which becomes a prototype within the region
HOW:
By understanding through direct consultation, the habits & practices of the community, and responding to their aspirations with local sensitivity and modern sensibility.
Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
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Concept
SELF-SUSTAINING COMMUNITY
ENERGY
PROTOTYPE
RESOURCES ECONOMY
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Festivals
Children playing
INDIVIDUAL
SOCIAL
Occupation
Elderly villagers
AGE
Birthdays
GROUP Funerals
Adults
ECONOMIC
Worship
Drinking alcohol
COMMUNITY DRIVEN
Children
Sheds Rooms
Playground
Backyard
INDIVIDUAL
SPATIAL
GROUP
Frontyard
Toilet Kitchen
Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
Temple
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Productive Landscapes
The idea is to generate a community that is not only self-sustainable but also productive.
Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL) proposes a coherent strategy for the introduction of interlinked productive landscapes into cities thereby creating a new sustainable urban infrastructure and supporting a re-definition of open urban space usages.
Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
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Program
ENERGY
ENVIRONMENT
BIOGAS
GOSHALA
SOLAR
PANELS & STREET LIGHTS
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
COMMON GREENS KITCHEN GARDENS (VEG. GARDENS, FRUIT ORCHARDS, HERBS AND SPICES , LEGUMINOUS PLANTS)
LOCAL MATERIALS ARCHITECTURE
Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
RESPONSE TO LOCAL CULTURE AND CLIMATE
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY ORIENTATION
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Program
VEGETABLE GARDEN & FRUIT ORCHARDS ECONOMY
MILK & PRODUCTS
GOSHALA, SHOPS
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
GOSHALA, SHOPS
NETWORKS
SOCIETY
Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
GARDENS, TREES, SHOPS
EDUCATION
COMMUNITY OFFICE & COMMUNICATION CENTER ANGAN WADI CLASSROOMS FOR ADULTS PLAYGROUNDS
BELIEFS
CREMATORIUM TEMPLE
COLLECTIVE ACTIVITIES
COMMON ROOM
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07. Proposed Design
Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
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Master Plan: Vision for Lathrottu Village
Temple Common Room & Angawadi
Biogas plant
Community Chowk
Goshala Community Office
Existing Playground
Stepped Frontage as a Public Space Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
Entry to Village Commercial Centre
Crematorium 55
Master Plan: Proposed Access Routes
Pedestrian Routes Pedestrian & Vehicular Routes
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Master Plan: Proposed Zoning
Community Amenities Community Open Space Commercial Centre Utility Areas
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Master Plan: Proposed Buildings
01
05 04 03
06
02
Legend 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Existing Water Tank Biogas Plant Goshala Community Office and Anganwadi Community Toilets Temple Commercial Centre Crematorium
Community Amenities
07
Community Open Space Commercial Centre Utility Areas
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Master Plan: Proposed Residential Plots 1B BOUNDARY HEDGE
1B ACCESS PATH
3
VEGETABLE GARDEN
HOUSE
1B
4 1A
FRONT YARD
1A
1A
Typical Residential Plot Layout
1A
1B
2
1B 1A
2 1A
1B
4
1A 1A 3
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Area Statement
Master Plan Illustration: Ground Floor Plan
03 04
05
06
02
01
S. No.
Building Use
Built Area (sqm)
Remark
1
Biogas Plant
63.0
Processing Capacity- 250 KG/day Water required - 300 l/ day Biogas generated - 15 cu m LPG - 7.5 kg/day Manure generated - 30 KG/day
2
Goshala (15.9 x 7.3 m)
116.40
Space provision for 20 cows
3
Common Toilets (5.9 x 2.6 m)
18.70
4
Anganwadi & Common Room (7 x 6 m)
33.20
Includes space for adult literacy classes, reading, watching TV
5
Temple (2.8 x 2.8 m)
7.8
Rebuilding existing temple
6
Existing Playground
7
Commercial Centre (8x5.5m)
23.20
Includes space for sale of milk and milk products, vegetable and fruit produce etc
8
Crematorium
260
Exact built space for this to be allocated
Existing playground is retained
07
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Master Plan Illustration and Model
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Architecture: Plot Layout for Residences BOUNDARY HEDGE BOUNDARY HEDGE
HOUSE FRONT YARD
Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
VEGETABLE GARDEN
ACCESS PATH
HOUSE
ACCESS PATH
VEGETABLE GARDEN
FRONT YARD
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Architecture: Unit Design Concept
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Architecture: Unit Design Concept
BACK YARD
Shed
Family Space
Court yard Kitchen
Bedroom
Living-cumdining
Toilet
Bedroom
Bedroom
FRONT YARD
Ground Floor Plan
Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
First Floor Plan
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Architecture: Unit Design Type 1A: North Entry | 81 sqm
B SHED 3 X 2.43 M BATH 1.57 X 1.2 M
A
DINING
OTLA
KITCHEN 3 X 1.82 M
TOILET 1.2 X 1.2 M
BEDROOM 01 3X3M
A
LIVING ROOM 3X5M
BEDROOM 03 3 X 1.87 M
Plan
BEDROOM 02 3X3M
B N
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Architecture: Unit Design Type 1A
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Architecture: Unit Design Type 1A
BUILT-IN FURNITURE MANGALORE TILE ROOFING LATERITE BLOCKS MASONRY 230 MM THK
RUBBLE PACKING 230 MM THK
COURTYARD
Section AA
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Architecture: Unit Design Type 1A
MANGALORE TILE ROOFING LATERITE BLOCKS MASONRY 230 MM THK
COURTYARD
Section BB
Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
RUBBLE PACKING 230 MM THK
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Architecture: Unit Design Type 1B: East Entry | 82.28 sq m
SHED 3 X 2.43 M
OTLA
BATH 1.57 X 1.2 M
KITCHEN 3 X 1.82 M
TOILET 1.2 X 1.2 M
DINING BEDROOM 01 3X3M
LIVING ROOM 3X5M
BEDROOM 03 3 X 1.87 M
BEDROOM 02 3X3M
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Architecture: Unit Design Type 2: North Entry | 77.75 sqm
SHED 2 X 2.43 M BATH 1.57 X 1.2 M
KITCHEN 3 X 1.82 M
TOILET 1.2 X 1.2 M
DINING BEDROOM 01 3X3M
LIVING ROOM 3X5M
COURTYARD 2X5M
BEDROOM 02 3X3M
OTLA
Plan Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
N 70
Architecture: Unit Design Type 3: East Entry | 55.90 sqm This typology is specially designed for a small plot size
SHED 2.83 X 2.43 M TOILET BATH 1.57 X 1.2 M 1.2 X 1.2 M
KITCHEN 2 X 1.8 M
LIVING ROOM 2 X 2.1 M
BEDROOM 01 3X3M
BEDROOM 02 3X3M
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Architecture: Unit Design Type 4: East Entry | 89.99 sqm This typology is specially designed for highly contoured plots.
BEDROOM 02 3X3M LIVING ROOM 3 X 6.23 M FILLING
BEDROOM 01 3X3M
SHED 3 X 2.03 M
KITCHEN 3 X 1.8 M BATH 1.57 X 1.2 M
Upper Level Plan Community Capacity Building Project, Latthrotu, Mijar
TOILET 1.2 X 1.2 M
Lower Level Plan
SHED 3 X 2.03 M
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EDIFICE PROJECT TEAM: Mr Manoj Choudhury, Design Director Ms Mishkat Ahmed, Urban Designer Mr Jayesh Ganesh, Urban Designer Ms Akhila Suri, Urban Designer Ms Gauri Gore, Architect CONSULTANTS: Biogas Plant Design and Vermiculture: Sampurn(e)arth Environment Solutions Pvt Ltd, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai MEP: Design Bureau, Mumbai Solar Power Design: Cygnus Solar, Mumbai