Remedial ingles

 Wh - questions 

We can use questions words with the verb be to form wh- questions.

Where are you from ?

What is your name? 

We do not use the contracted form of are with a questions word.

NOT where you from?

 Have got 

We use have got to express possession.

Affirmative Full form I have got You have got He has got She has got It has got We have got You have got They have got

Contracted form I´ve got You´ve got He´s got She´s got It´s got We´ve got You´ve got They´ve got

Negative Full form I have not got You have not got He has not got She has not got It has not got We have not got You have not got They have not got

Contracted form I haven´t got You haven´t got He hasn´t got She hasn´t got It hasn´t got We haven´t got You haven´t got They haven´t got

 There is/there are Affirmative There´s + alan + singular countable noun There´s + some + uncountable noun There are + some + plural countable noun 



We can use there is and there are to describe a scene.

There´s a cupboard near the door.

There´s some sugar on the table.

There are some clothes on the bed.

We can´t use the contracted form of are in the phrase There are.

NOT There´re some books.

Negative There isn´t + alan + singular countable noun There isn´t + any + uncountable noun There isn´t aren´t + any + plural countable noun

 Present continuous Affirmative Full form I am listening.

You are listening.

He is listening.

She is listening.

It is listening.

We are listening.

You are listening.

They are listening.

Contracted form I´m listening.

You´re listening.

He´s listening.

She´s listening.

It´s listening.

We´re listening.

You´re listening.

They´re listening.

Negative Full form I am not dreaming.

You are not dreaming.

He is not dreaming.

She is not dreaming.

It is not dreaming.

We are not dreaming.

You are not dreaming.

They are not dreaming.

Contracted form I´m not dreaming.

You aren´t dreaming.

He isn´t dreaming.

She isn´t dreaming.

It isn´t dreaming.

We aren´t dreaming.

You aren´t dreaming.

They aren´t dreaming.

Questions Am I sleeping?

Are you sleeping?

Is he sleeping?

Is she sleeping?

Is it sleeping?

Are we sleeping?

Are you sleeping?

Are they sleeping?

Short answers Affirmative Yes, I am.

Yes, you are.

Yes, he is.

Yes, she is.

Yes, it is.

Yes, we are.

Yes, you are.

Yes, they are.

Negative No, I´m not.

No, you aren´t.

No, he isn´t.

No, she isn´t.

No, it isn´t.

No, we aren´t No, you aren´t No, they aren´t

 Object pronouns 

We use object pronouns to say who or what is the object of the verb.

Subject pronoun I You He She It We You They

Object pronoun me you him her it us you them

 Comparatives   

We use comparative adjectives to compare people, animals or things.

We always follow the comparative adjective with than, not that.

Generally, we form comparatives by adding –er to the adjective, but there are exceptions (See table).

Spelling rules

Short adjective Adjective ending in -e Short adjective ending in vowel + consonant, except –w Adjective ending in consonant + -y Adjective of two or more syllables Irregular adjective

Adjective Tall Blue Fat

+ -er + -r Double the consonant + -er

Comparative Taller than bluer than Fatter than

Early

Change –y to –I + -er

earlier than

defficult

More + adjective

More difficult than

good bad far

Better than Worse than Farther /further than

 Superlatives  

We use superlative adjectives to compare three or more people, animals or things.

Generally, we form superlatives by adding –est to the adjective and putting the before it, but there are exceptions (see table).

Spelling rules

Short adjective Adjective ending in –e Short adjective ending in vowel + consonant, except –w Adjective ending in consonant + -y Adjective of two or more syllables Irregular adjective

Adjective Small large big

+ -er + -r Double the consonant + -er

Comparative the smallest the largest the biggest

early

Change –y to –I + -er

the earliest

modern

More + adjective

the most modern

good bad far

the best the worst the farthest / furthest

 Was /were Affirmative I was You were He was She was It was We were You were They were

Questions Was i…?

Was you…?

Was he…?

Was she…?

Was it…?

Were we…?

Were you…?

Were they…?

Short answer Affirmative Yes, I was.

Yes, you were.

Yes, he was.

Yes, she was.

Yes it was.

Yes, we were.

Yes, you were.

Yes, they were.

Negative No, I wasn´t.

No, you weren´t.

No, he wasn´t.

No, she wasn´t.

No, it wasn´t.

No, we weren´t No, you weren´t.

No, they weren´t.

 Could    

Could is the past form of can. We use could to talk about ability in the past.

Like can it is followed by infinitive and has the same conjugation for all pronouns.

We don’t use the auxiliary do/ does to form the negative or the Interrogative.

We use the past simple to talk about actions and situations en the past.

With regular verbs, we generally form the past simple by adding –ed to the infinitive, but there are exceptions (see table).

Spelling Rules Most Verbs

Verbs ending –e Verbs ending consonant + -y Verbs ending consonant + vowel + consonant

work play visit like arrive try study chat shop travel

+ -ed

+ -d -y + -ied double consonant + -ed

worked played visited liked arrived tried studied chatted shopped travelled

 There was / there were Affirmative There was + alan + singular noun There was + some + uncountable noun There were + some + plural countable noun  

We can use there was/there were to describe scenes in the past.

Instead of some, we can use a lot of with uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns.

Negative There wasn´t + alan + singular noun There wasn´t + any + uncountable noun There weren´t + any + plural countable noun

Questions Was there alan + singular noun Was there + any + uncountable noun Were there any + plural countable noun

Short answers Affirmative Yes, there was.

Yes, there were.

Negative No, there wasn´t.

No, there weren´t.

 Past continuous Affirmative I was waiting.

You were waiting.

He was waiting.

She was waiting.

It was waiting.

We were waiting.

You were waiting.

They were waiting.

Negative Full form I was not reading.

You were not reading.

He was not reading.

She was not reading.

It was not reading.

We were not reading.

You were not reading.

They were not reading.



Contracted form I wasn´t reading.

You weren´t reading.

He wasn´t reading.

She wasn´t reading.

It wasn´t reading.

We weren´t reading.

You weren´t reading.

Ther weren´t reading.

We use the past continuous as follows:  To talk about something that was happening at a particular point in the past.  To talk about an action that was happening in the background when another event happened.  To talk about two actions that were happening at the same time. In the case, we use while or when + past continuous.

 Past continuous: questions Questions Was I sleeping?

Were you sleeping?

Was he sleeping?

Was she sleeping?

Was it sleeping?

Were we sleeping?

Were you sleeping?

Were they sleeping?

Short answer Affirmative Yes, I was.

Yes, you were.

Yes, he was.

Yes, she was.

Yes it was.

Yes, we were.

Yes, you were.

Yes, they were.  

Negative No, I wasn´t.

No, you weren´t.

No, he wasn´t.

No, she wasn´t.

No, it wasn´t.

No, we weren´t No, you weren´t.

No, they weren´t.

In short answer, we don´t repeat the –ing form.

We can also use wh –question with the present continuous.