Updating Shanghai: Life from the ground up
Bart Kuijpers 1176420
ExploreLab XIV TU Delft & Tongji University
Mentor: Dr. G. Bracken 2012-06-21
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24
6
22
5.5
20
5
18
4.5
16
4
14
3.5
12
3
10
2.5
8
2
6
1.5
4
1
2
0.5
FSI
PEOPLE IN MILLIONS
POPULATION VS BUILDING FSI
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
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POPULATION IN MILLIONS:
SHANGHAI
CHINA
FLOATING
28
1,400
26
1,300
24
1,200
22
1,100
20
1,000
18
900
16
800
14
700
12
600
10
500
8
400
6
300
4
200
2
100
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
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石库门 shí stone
kù storehouse
mén gate
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里弄
li neighborhood
lòng alley
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弄堂 lòng alley
táng hall
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SHIKUMEN EVOLUTION
THREE-UP-THREE-DOWN EARLY SHIKUMEN TWO STORIES
TWO-UP-TWO-DOWN LATER SHIKUMEN TWO-THREE STORIES
ONE-UP-ONE-DOWN NEW STYLE LILONG THREE-FIVE STORIES 25
BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS ROOF TERRACE DORMER WINDOWS
COURTYARD SKYWELL
DECORATED STONE DOORFRAME. BLACK WOODEN DOOR
GREY & RED BRICKS
BALCONIES & BAY WINDOWS
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SIDE ALLEY JOINT LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE SOUTH FACING ORIENTATION
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MAIN ALLEY
FRONT FACES BACK PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ALONG MAIN ALLEY 28
NEIGHBORHOOD
ENCLOSED BY SHOPHOUSES
29
30
31
32
33
34
HIGH RISE EVOLUTION
BUTTERFLY MULTI ORIENTATIONAL MANY SMALL APARTMENTS, FEW ELEVATORS
SLAB SOUTH FACING BIGGER APARTMENTS, MORE ELEVATORS 35
HIGH RISE TOWER
STACK FLOOR 20-40 STOREYS ANY PUBLIC FUNCTIONS IN THE BOTTOM FLOORS PARKING GARAGE UNDERNEATH
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HIGH RISE COMPOUND
MULTIPLY TOWERS BY X ENCLOSED BY WALL SECUTITY BOOTH AT ENTRANCE GREEN SPACES ACCORDING TO BUILDING REGULATIONS
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DISTANCE IN MAN 0-0.15 INTIMATE CLOSE 0.15-0.45 INTIMATE FAR
0.45-0.75 PERSONAL CLOSE 0.75-1.2 PERSONAL FAR
1.2-2.1 SOCIAL CLOSE 2.1-3.6 SOCIAL FAR
3.6-7.2 PUBLIC CLOSE 7.2 PUBLIC FAR
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SOCIAL ZONES SHIKUMEN
HIGH RISE
SCALE
PEOPLE
SCALE
PEOPLE
AREA
8.000
Area
7.000
CITY BLOCK
2.000
COMPOUND
1.000
LONGTANG
800
TOWER
500
SIDE ALLEY
100
ELEVATOR
250
NEIGHBORS
50
FLOOR
10
HOUSE
15
HOUSE
3
ROOM
3
ROOM
1
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OUTSIDE MAIN ALLEY SIDE ALLEY HOUSE STAIRS ROOM
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DISTANCE IIN WHICH ENCOUNTERED
AMOUNT OF PEOPLE ENCOUNTERED
AREA 8,000
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NEIGHBORHOOD 2,000
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ALLEY 750
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SIDE ALLEY 100
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NEIGHBORS 50
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HOUSE 15
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ROOM 3
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DISTANCE IIN WHICH ENCOUNTERED
AMOUNT OF PEOPLE ENCOUNTERED OUTSIDE/ COMPOUND
LOBBY/ WAITING AREA
ELEVATOR
HALLWAY
APARTMENT/ ROOM 48
AREA 7,000
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COMPOUND 1,000
50
TOWER 500
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ELEVATOR 250
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FLOOR 10
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APPARTMENT 3
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ROOM 1
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SURVEY 5 QUESTIONS: HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN LIVING HERE? 0-1 YEARS 1-3 YEARS 3-10 YEARS
10-25 YEARS
HOW MANY PEOPLE DO YOU KNOW? 0-3 PEOPLE 3-10 PEOPLE 10-25 PEOPLE
25+ PEOPLE
DO YOU LIKE LIVING HERE? VERY LIKE LIKE
DON’T LIKE
SO-SO
WHY ARE YOUR REASONS FOR LIVING HERE? LOCATION SOCIAL FINANCIAL
FAMILY
HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT THE SOCIAL INTERACTION? VERY GOOD GOOD SO-SO
BAD
25+ YEARS
OTHER
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SURVEY 2 TYPOLOGIES - 5 QUESTIONS - 65 PEOPLE
GENDER
SHIKUMEN 16
29
AGE 14 11
17
10 8
35
HIGH RISE 4 13
MALE
HIGH RISE SHIKUMEN
FEMALE
18
3
0-20
4
4
21-35
36-50
51-65
3 3
66+
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RATING SOCIAL CONTACT
OD BA
D
SO-
SO
GO
VER
YG
OO
D
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0-20
21-35
36-50
51-65
66+ SHIKUMEN HIGH RISE 58
RATING LIVING LIKELINESS
E DO
N’T
LIK
E
SO-
SO
LIK
VER
YL
IKE
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0-20
21-35
36-50
51-65
66+ SHIKUMEN HIGH RISE 59
LIVING & SOCIAL CONTACT SHIKUMEN
HIGH RISE
9
11
0
10
4
8
3
2
0 1 2 3
6
10
4
8
4
4
2
2
LIVIN
G LIK
ELIN
ESS
BAD
BAD
A SOCI
N L CO
1
3
6
4
GOOD TACT
2
2
4
GOOD
3
GOOD LIVIN
G LIK
ELIN
ESS
BAD
BAD
AL
SOCI
GOOD CT A T N CO
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LIVING PERIOD VS NUMBER OF ACQUAINTANCES SHIKUMEN
25+ 10-25 ACQUAINTANCES 3-10 0-3
HIGH RISE
25+ 10-25 3-10 1-3 0-1 YEARS 0-1 1-3 3-10 10-25 25+
25+ 10-25 ACQUAINTANCES 3-10 0-3
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家 jia house, home, family
宀 豕 shi roof
mián pig
CHINESE FAMILY: - A GROUP OF PEOPLE EATING OUT OF ONE POT - AN ECONOMICAL UNIT
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FUNCTIONS COMPOUND IS SELF SUFFICIENT, FACITILITIES WITHIN THE BORDERS
NEIGHBORHOOD IS SELF SUFFICIENT, FACILITIES ARE PUBLIC AND ENCLOSE THE NEIGHBORHOOD
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PUBLIC FUNCTIONS CLOSED OFF FROM THE URBAN FABRIC ONLY ACCESSIBLE FOR RESIDENTS
POROUS ENTITY ACCESSIBLE FOR EVERYBODY
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COLLABORATION ENGLISH (TUDOR) FRENCH (CITE) SHANGHAI VERNACULAR FENG SHUI CHINESE SOCIETY
ACTORS
RENTAL HOUSING MARKETS PUBLIC FACILITIES SMALL INDUSTRY MAIN ALLEY
FUNCTIONS
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CULTURAL IDENTITY
“SHANGHAI IS LIFE ITSELF. NOTHING MORE INTENSELY LIVING CAN BE IMAGINED... SO MUCH LIFE, SO CAREFULLY CANALIZED, SO RAPIDLY AND STRONGLY FLOWING, THE SPECTACLE OF IT INSPIRES SOMETHING LIKE TERROR.” ~ ALDOUS HUXLEY
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70
24
1.2
22
1.1
20
1.0
18
0.9
16
0.8
14
0.7
12
0.6
10
0.5
8
0.4
6
0.3
4
0.2
2
0.1
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
CARS IN MILLIONS
PEOPLE IN MILLIONS
CARS IN SHANGHAI
2010
71
PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION
=
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
GREEN MACRO
NORMAL
MICRO
87
88
SHIKUMEN VS HIGH RISE UPGRADE FROM OLD LIVING SITUATION HOUSING OF THE (INTENDED) SOJOURNERS INITIALLY PROVIDES HOUSING FOR SHANGHAINESE LATER PROVIDES HOUSING FOR IMMIGRANTS DESIGN IS PRAGMATIC AND ECONOMICALLY DRIVEN
SHIKUMEN HAVE HORIZONTAL SOCIAL SPACES, HIGH RISE DOES NOT HIGH RISE IS COMFORTABLE AND MODERN, SHIKUMEN ARE NOT 89
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370,000 $ MILLIONAIRES
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1830
1850
1870
1890
1910
1930
1950
1970
1990
2010 96
97
98
99
100
101
102
DUNBAR’S NUMBER 150
75
75
103
SOUTH
NORTH
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105
ELEVATORS SEPARATE ZONES HORIZONTAL SEMIPRIVATE ZONE
SEMI-PUBLIC COMMERCIAL ZONE
SCALE
PEOPLE
AREA
8,000
NEIGHBORHOOD
2,000
TOWER
1,500
TOWER VERT. ZONE 500 (3X) ZONES SEPARATED ON A VERTICAL LEVEL
FLOOR
75
NEIGHBORS
25
PUBLIC COMMERCIAL ZONE
APARTMENT
3
ROOM
1
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105
MAKE THE MOST OF IT ARCHITECTURE NOVELTY MONUMENTALITY BIGNESS SWIFTNESS CHEAPNESS
106
THE END QUESTIONS?