Green Schemes: Sustainable Urbanism for Garfield Park by MIT DUSP

Sustainable Urbanism for Garﬁeld Park

THE RICHARD H. DRIEHAUS FOUNDATION

GREEN SCHEMES Sustainable Urbanism for Garﬁeld Park

Edited by Brent D. Ryan and Susanne C. Schnell, City Design Center, UIC Penelope Dean, College of Architecture and the Arts, School of Architecture, UIC Designed by Marcela Lopez and Deidre Colgan

Contents

City Design Center: Foreword

Landscape Architecture: PARK-CENTRIC DESIGN

Urban Planning: NEIGHBORHOOD GREEN

Architecture: EXTREME GREEN

Postscript

Credits

Contributors

SITE

City Design Center: Foreword The first years of the 21st Century have shown that environmental issues like climate change and energy conservation are among our most pressing concerns. Cities have an especially important role to play in moving society toward a more sustainable future. For the past several years, the City of Chicago has established a high standard for creating visible environmental programs that have set important goals for improving environmental performance in both the downtown business district and in city neighborhoods.

The faculty and students of the Green Neighborhood Design Studios share the hope that this work will not only inform future sustainable planning and design approaches undertaken by the City, but will spur public dialogue about the actions City government, community groups and individual residents can take to make Chicago a more environmentally sustainable place to live and work. Green Schemes provides a number of inspired ideas for residents and public officials alike to become better green stewards of the urban landscape that we all inhabit.

At the invitation of the City of Chicago Department of Environment, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) through its City Design Center, (CDC) organized a series of Green Neighborhood Design Studios during the 20062007 academic year to address the challenge of sustainable urbanism. Three University of Illinois academic departments offered Green Studios: the Urban Planning and Policy Program; the School of Architecture at UIC; and the Department of Landscape Architecture at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). Faculty from each of these departments instructed a total of five studios between September 2006 and May 2007: two each in urban planning (Professors Brent Ryan and Dave Walker) and landscape architecture (Professors Doug Johnston and Jim Wescoat), and one in architecture (Professor Penelope Dean).

The Green Neighborhood Design Studios could not have been completed without the able assistance and contributions of many partners both inside and outside the academy. The CDC wishes to recognize the commitment shown throughout 2006-07 academic year by the Green Studio Steering Team, which included staff from the City’s Departments of Environment, Planning and Development, Housing, and Transportation, and later, the Chicago Park District. This group played a key partnership role in providing guidance to the Green Neighborhood Design Studio program.

All five studios examined a common area of the Garfield Park neighborhood (see map pages 2-3). This area, which covered over two square miles, had a mix of industrial and business districts, older residential housing stock, and the park- an open space amenity that draws many visitors from other parts of the City and region. The City’s particular priorities for this area included formulating recommendations for “green design” policies; visualizing concepts for green buildings and green public ways; enhancing the environmental, financial and social benefits of green neighborhoods; and developing best practices for green neighborhood design.

We would also like to recognize the many University of Illinois faculty who dedicated their time, energy, and input, without which the studio program would never have occurred. Lastly, the Center would like recognize The Richard H. Driehaus Foundation and Shaw Environmental and Infrastructure Inc., for their generous support of the Green Neighborhood Design Studio program and for the value they place on improving Chicago’s neighborhoods through green innovation. Brent D. Ryan and Susanne C. Schnell Principal Investigators, Green Neighborhood Design Studio October 2007

Students enrolled in the studios were asked to prepare “green neighborhood visions” at the scale of building, street, neighborhood, and community. The resulting proposals published in Green Schemes demonstrate how green neighborhood design can include propositions for many interrelated urban elements, including transportation, building technology, urban agriculture, manufacturing, and green public ways. All of the design concepts generated by the studios show a particular sensitivity to the existing neighborhood context and community priorities expressed by residents.

Garfield Park

Landscape Architecture

PARK-CENTRIC DESIGN

Instructor: James Wescoat Visiting Practitioner: Daniel Purciarello University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Department of Landscape Architecture Course: LA 336/436, Spring 2007

A PARK-CENTRIC APPROACH The spring semester landscape architecture studio took a Park-Centric Approach to Green Neighborhood Design in Garfield Park. We followed the fall studio led by Professor Doug Johnston, which focused on urban ecological design in West Garfield Park up to the park boundary. By comparison this studio developed models of ecological design that emanate from Garfield Park, one of the city’s great ecological assets, out into surrounding streets, blocks, and neighborhoods. Garfield Park is one of the places in Chicago where landscape architect Jens Jensen got his start, culminating in a prairie-inspired haystack-shaped Conservatory greenhouse, filled with plants from biomes around the world. The park also has a rich heritage of community engagement, ranging from education programs in the Gold Dome to fishing and boating in the lagoons, music at the Bandstand, and sporting events. These diverse “urban ecologies” connect city and park in fascinating, challenging ways that have unrealized potential. To explore the potential for green neighborhood design linked with a world class urban park, this studio pursued four related design projects (figure 1): 1. Green Neighborhood Design: Conceptual Mapping Project Sustainable design is one of the fastest growing subfields of landscape architecture. But what do the terms “green design,” “ecological design,” “sustainable design,” and “green building” mean? Each student prepared a “conceptual map” of ecological design concepts and visions. Garfield Park inspired the conceptual maps, but they drew upon a wide range of ecological design concerns and exemplars. The conceptual maps helped connect students’ overarching design visions with on-the-ground design development. A selection of conceptual maps is presented on the next page. 2. Designing the Park-City Interface Garfield Park is one of the true jewels of west Chicago, but it faces significant ecological design challenges. Students drew upon recent Framework Plans, which identify problems and priorities in the park. They surveyed the immediate surroundings of the park in order to identify green design issues and opportunities at the park-city interface, e.g., vegetation, street crossings, paths, the elevated train line (El line), pools, lagoons, and parcels of land facing the park.

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3. From Park to Path: Streetscape and Transit Design Garfield Park is part of the historic West Parks system, which linked Garfield, Humboldt and Douglas Park with a green boulevard system. However, those boulevards no longer fulfill their original vision; and the streets that extend the park out into the neighborhood no longer exemplify “best practices” of green streetscape design. “An El Line Runs Through It,” but presently that line divides the northern and southern sections of the park where it could and should enhance access and connectivity. Students developed design proposals for the boulevards connecting Garfield Park and the Chicago Center for Green Technology, and for the full array of street types that abut and pass through the park. These “ecological streetscape design” proposals encompassed environmental as well as circulation functions for bicycles, pedestrians, and cars. 4. From Path to Place: Blockscape Design As streets pass through the park and intersect with one another, they form blocks that include buildings and interior spaces (e.g., yards, alleys, service areas, vacant lots, and smaller open spaces). What types of land use, land cover, livelihoods, and lifestyles do these blocks support? What community ecologies currently exist, and what is the range of creative possibilities? How might programs in Garfield Park, the Conservancy, and Chicago’s green building programs for lots and streets be “scaled-up” to the block scale in Garfield Park? By the time this final design project was undertaken, students had gained confidence both in the field of green design and in their knowledge of Garfield Park. Thus, most of the student design images that follow include their Blockscape designs. These images provide a sample of the student design proposals. Many more ideas were generated than could be reproduced here. The full team of contributors is listed in the credits, and their proposals will help inform and inspire future studios.

Synthesis and Next Steps

Acknowledgments

With a topic as challenging as Green Neighborhood Design and a place as complex and dynamic as Garfield Park, this landscape architecture studio was able to explore only a small sample of creative issues and opportunities.

We are very grateful to the following people for their significant contributions to this studio: Professor Brent Ryan of the UIC City Design Center, who generously invited us to join the Green Neighborhood Design project; Susanne Schnell, Penelope Dean, Dan Wheeler, Dave Walker and Doug Johnston of UIC; David O’Donnell, Sam Assefa, Michael Berkshire and the entire City of Chicago Steering Team; Eunita Rushing and Mike Tomas of the Garfield Park Conservatory Alliance; Gia Biagi, Mary Eysenbach, Julia Bachrach, Brook Collins, John Raffetto, Joan Colon and Chris Gent of the Chicago Park District; and Ms. Lynnto Craig, the staff and students of Willa Cather Elementary School who were all very generous with their time and ideas. We very much look forward to future collaborative design studios with UIC architects and planners.

At the same time, we believe the studio demonstrated the value of a Park-Centric approach to Green Neighborhood Design in Garfield Park and other many areas of the City of Chicago that have major existing or potential open space resources. Interestingly, this studio team chose to define Green Neighborhood Design as much in terms of human ecology as ecosystem processes. This conclusion hearkens back to some of the unfulfilled promise of early 20th century ideas of urban ecology that linked design with social and natural sciences in Chicago. Studio members reported that sharing ideas with the Willa Cather Elementary School students was especially meaningful. Thus, in fall 2007 our Community and Open Space Landscape Architecture Studio will focus more closely on community-based design with a special emphasis on youth and urban garden programs.

Green Neighborhood Design Conceptual Mapping Project

City-Park Interface Design

Finally, we deeply appreciate financial support from the UIUC Visiting Practitioner Fund, which was established by leaders in landscape architecture and allied professions to help make professional studios like this possible. James Wescoat and Dan Purciarello

UIUC Landscape Architecture Jim Wescoat and Dan Purciarello

Streetscape Design Project

Blockscape Design Project

Synthesis Figure 1

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CONCEPTUAL MAPPING: Studio Selection

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

SMART USE OF LAND

•HOLD MEETINGS/ TAKE SURVEYS •PROMOTE URBAN AGRICULTURE •HOST VOLUNTEER PROJECTS •TALK TO ORGANIZATIONS/ INDIVIDUALS •KEEP ENGAGED THROUGHOUT ENTIRE DESIGN PROCESS •HIRE LOCAL COMPANIES FOR CONSTRUCTION

PARKS

VACANT LOTS •PROPER INFILL •DESIGN OPEN SPACE WITH HIGH VISIBILITY •PROMOTE URBAN AGRICULTURE •DESIGN LOCAL PARKS FOR ALL AGE GROUPS

•DESIGN INVITING PARKS •DESIGN STRONG CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PARKS AND COMMUNITY •MAKE LOCAL PARKS WALKABLE •DESIGN TO APPROPRIATE SCALES IN NEIGHBORHOOD •LOOK TO FILL VACANT LOTS •DESIGN PARKS TO FIT COMMUNITIES NEEDS •MAKE ACCESSIBLE •DESIGN TO ENCOURAGE GATHERING •PROMOTE URBAN AGRICULTURE •DESIGN PARKS CLEARLY VISABLE TO THE NEIGHBORHOOD

WALKABLE COMMUNITIES •TIE IN PARKS WITH COMMERICAL CENTERS WITH WALKABLE TRAILS •USE TRAILS TO CONNECT TO INDUSTRY CENTERS, PARKS, EDUCATIONAL AND COMMUNITY CENTERS

GREEN DESIGN •STORMWATER COLLECTION/ RECYCLING •ON-SITE INFLITRATION (BASINS, BIOSWALES) •NATIVE PLANTS/ PLANTS ACCUSTOMED TO CLIMATE •PROMOTE WILDLIFE •LOW ENERGY CONSUMING MATERIALS •RECYCLE MATERIALS •LITTLE TO NO IRRIGATION

INDUSTRY

•DESIGN SHOPPING CENTERS •DESIGN MARKET CENTERS •PROMOTE LOCAL BUSINESS GROWTH •HOLD WEEKEND PROMOTIONAL EVENTS •TIE IN WITH COMMUNITY CENTER JOB TRAINING AND SCHOOL PROGRAMS

STREETS •CLEAN •SAFE WALKWAYS/ CROSSWAYS •NARROW ROADS WHERE SAFTEY IS A TOP CONCERN •DESIGN COMMON BOULEVARDS FOR UNITY

GREEN COMMUNITY DESIGN EDUCATION

EMPLOYMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS

SOCIAL CONCERNS

•BUILD/ ADD AND INDOOR/ OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION BUILDING •USE EXISITING ORGANIZATIONS/ LOCAL GROUPS TO HELP TO ESTABLISH THIS IDEA • HOLD SEMINARS/CLASSES TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS •HOLD CLASSES THAT AIM TOWARDS ALL AGE GROUPS •MAKE EASILY ACCESSIBLE THROUGH A TRAIL SYSTEM

•HOLD DAYCARE PROGRAMS •HOLD CHILDREN/TEEN PROGRAMS/CLUBS •PROVIDE A HEALTH INFORMATION/CARE CENTER

LEGEND MAIN CONCEPT PRIMARY PRIORITY LEVEL SECONDARY PRIORITY LEVEL

•HOLD G.E.D. PROGRAMS •HOLD ALL YEAR SCHOOL OPPORTUNITIES •HOLD TECHNICAL SCHOOL PROGRAM

•CREATE COMMUNITY CENTER FOR SOCIAL CONCERNS AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES •USE EXISITING ORGANIZATIONS/ LOCAL GROUPS TO HELP TO ESTABLISH THIS IDEA •MAKE EASILY ACCESSIBLE THROUGH TRAIL SYSTEM

DESIGN VISION •BUILD COMMUNITY THROUGH DESIGN; MAKE FEEDBACK AND INVOLVEMENT IN PROCESS TOP PRIORITY •DESIGN WITH AN ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS;MAKE COMMUNITY WALKABLE, MORE SUSTAINABLE, GREENER •BUILD INDUSTRY, EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION THROUGH MARKET/SHOPPING CENTERS AND A COMMUNITY CENTER.

GREEN COMMUNITY DESIGN-USING DESIGN TO ENHANCE A COMMUNITY’S ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND INCREASE THE NEIGHBORHOOD’S PRIDE IN THIER COMMUNITY.

VISION MAP

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PAGE 2 OF 2

LA 438

JAY LECHIEN

1/30/07

Clockwise from Top Left: Jay Lechien, Scott Lucchetti, Sarah Marrs, and Stephanie Zawada

Conceptual Mapping Boards explore the issues, opportunities, guiding concepts and principles for Green Neighborhood Design .

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CONCEPTUAL MAPPING Julie Sajtar

Top left: Julie Sajtar with students from Willa Cather Elementary School

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Photograph by Brook Collins/Chicago Park District

indeterminacy

C I T Y A S

PROCESS IN TIME SHRINKING CITIES

ecological aspects of human communities that integrates economics, sociopolitical organization, psychology, and physical factors related to the environment

DIFFUSION INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS

E C O human ecosystems S Y S T E M

ECOLOGY/NATURAL SYSTEMS MOBILITY & RESPONSIVENESS SLOW GROWTH STRATEGY NEW IMAGES// NEW TYPOLOGIES SURFACE – NOT FORM

vague terrain

L A N D S C A P E U R B A N I S M

H Y B R I D

FRESH KILLS

P A R K // C I T Y

CHARLES WALDHEIM JAMES CORNER PARC LA VILLETTE

IGUALADA

ENRIC MIRALLES

[[CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK – julie sajtar – la 336 – spring 2007]]

access

ECOLOGICAL RENEWAL urban SPECTACLE

organization

P A R K // C I T Y

anchoring

articulation integration

REGION

CENTER EDGE AXIS POINTS

intervention mapping

strategy

URBAN ECOLOGIES URBAN MORPHOLOGY EMERGENT typologies

PLANES

design

NATION

LINES

CITY

ADJACENT AREAS

PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS POINTS OF TRANSITION

VACANT LOTS

LAND / FORM

ACCESS ROADS

MOBILITY SPACES INFRASTRUCTURE

openness articulation character

LOCAL ORDER re-appropriation// re-interpretation identity

PARK

LAGOON EDGES

EVERY DAY

VEGETATIVE LAYERS BUILT STRUCTURES

[[ park=city – julie sajtar – la 336 – spring 2007]]

Conceptual Mapping of the Park:City:Ecosystem relationships inspired proposals for redesigning Franklin Boulevard

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POROSITY+INFILTRATION Mary Kemmerer

SYMBIOTIC DESIGN | POROSITY 2

Social Spaces with dry prairie vegetation

Pedestrian Gateways

113

West Warren Drive

Existing Parking

West Madison Street

Existing Buildings New Development (hypothetical)

11 10

50’

vegetation

3 4

9 10’ 25‘

Mary Kemmerer | March 2007 | UIUC LA 346

GREEN DESIGN is symbiotic. It promotes mutually supportive relationships. Part of symbiosis is porosity, the openness to flow, movement and exchange. Porosity creates infiltration: water into the ground, people into the park, park into neighborhood, awareness of Garfield Park as park and as“green neighborhood” into the city... 1 South Homan Infiltration Garden Field House with wet prairie Avenue

Lagoon

section

park|city interface

water | people | plants | neighborhood

Garfield Park | Green Park Design

Park space not designated for infiltration

West Madison Street Native trees

Water flow

Pedestrian circulation (approximate)

15 Water Monitoring Station and Outlet Dry channel for water overflow Overflow pipe

South St Louis Avenue

section | porosity

9 - Pedestrian Gateways at South Central Park and South St Louis offer social space, bus shelters and orientation kiosks as well as framed views into the park. 10 - Picnic area with tables and barbeque pits for multiple small groups. 11 - Existing playground 12 - Social/picnic space offering playground proximity. 13 - New ‘T’ interesection from West Warren. Access east and westbound at the Washington gateway. 14 - Green pavement changes alert drivers that they are entering/leaving park zone. The pavement variation also links the lines of trees in the park and the infiltration garden. 15 - Urban watershed outflow and monitoring stations. If outflow is expected to be cleaned sufficiently by the infiltration gardens, water can be directed to the lagoons to help maintain water level.

scale: 1”=400’

1 - Lagoon Overlook (extends north) 2 - Pavilion for large gatherings (reunions, community events, etc) 3 - Fishing Piers 4 - Picnic shelter with barbeque pits 5 - Smaller group social areas 6 - Ephemeral wetland for water overflow from infiltration gardens. 7 - New ‘T’ intersection for the park’s internal vehicular circulation. Access to West Madison moved to align with South Woodward Dr. 8 - Park internal drives are changed to two-line parkways with parallel parking bays and bump-outs at major pedestrian crossings.

concept | porosity

notes

Infiltration gardens in the park and neighborhood support neighborhood development by cleaning and reducing the amount of storm runoff Several scales of social nodes dot the park, accommodating a range of activities from large reunions to family barbeques Double rows of mixed native trees define the park boundary and extend into the neighborhood, creating a visual identity for the green neighborhood. Infiltration gardens increase botanic diversity. Neighborhood | Traffic calming, streetscape changes, views into the park and increased density of activity near park boundaries slows motorists, giving them time to observe the park and increasing their awareness of its amenities.

scale: 1”=800’

Water | People| Plants |

South Homan Avenue

concept | infiltration

South Central Park Drive

Top left: Mary Kemmerer and Jay Lechien with students from Willa Cather Elementary School Photograph by Brook Collins/Chicago Park District

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SYMBIOTIC DESIGN | layering

20’ 50’

Homan Ave

N Kedzie Ave

Mary Kemmerer | March 2007 | UIUC LA 346 S Sacramento Blvd

N Albany Ave

Retail Commercial

W Fulton Blvd

Residential

Insitutional

W Walnut St

Vacant

W Lake St 1

B 2

W Randolph St

legend

lake street context

perceived space | land use | circulation vegetation | wind | shade

Garfield Park | Street, Transit, Movement

E A4 C A C A C B 3 5

Parking

Park Existing Trees

Shadows

Streets

100’

Elevated Tracks

W Washington Blvd

Station Lake Street - Focus Area Visible Boundaries

types of street section

on both sides of the street A open intersections, vacant lots

5’

10’

on south side of the street B buildings vacant commercial/community

on north side of street on both sides of the street C buildings D buildings commercial/residential vacant/parking commercial/residential

station above, intersection and E train vacant lots below

commercial/community 20’ 50’

100’

20’

Lake Street east of Garfield Park has two layers of movement. On ground level, there are 4 lanes of traffic and two parking lanes, with sidewalks on either side. There is no parkway. The second layer is the Green Line, an elevated train (the El) about 15 feet above ground, which includes a station at the North Kedzie Avenue intersection. Many of the lots on either side of the street are vacant, possibly due to the noise of the El. The combination of vacancies and nearby parking lots creates a much wider percieved space and a greater transparency between blocks than is common in the neighborhood. The openness of the spaces south of the street also allows an interplay of structure, light and shadow under the El, especially from late fall to early spring, when the sun is low in the sky. The shadows create the only significant variation on the largely undifferentiated ground plane of the road. From beneath, the El is an infrastructural arcade of riveted steel, painted honey yellow. However, neither pedestrians nor drivers are often in a position to appreciate it, as the vehicular traffic is fast, hectic and threatening. The El’s supports fall in the middle of each pair of traffic lanes, making lane changes difficult.

Intersection of Homan and Lake

Typical view of El with buildings to north, vacant land to south

Typical view of El from the stairs to the station

Typical view of El at intersection under station (north)

Typical view of El at intersection under station (south)

Multiple layers of movement on Lake St.

Interplay of structure, light and shade under the El.

Two lanes of traffic in each direction, plus two parking lanes.

At the stations, the overhead structure becomes wider and denser.

In February, the sun reaches even under the extended station platform.

Noise from the El has contributed to vacancies on either side of the street.

Undifferentiated ground plane.

The boarding platform is supported by columns of a different type than those holding up the tracks.

No parkway.

SYMBIOTIC DESIGN | layering

elevated bikeway

Garfield Park | Street, Transit, Movement Homan Ave

Mary Kemmerer | March 2007 | UIUC LA 346 S Sacramento Blvd

legend

W Walnut St

land use | transportation

50’ 100’

N Albany Ave

N Kedzie Ave

W Lake St 1 A

Commercial

Ground level greenway

Mixed Use

Elevated Tracks

Institutional

Preserved Open Space

Residential

Park

W Randolph St N Kedzie Ave

200’

Emergency stopping areas located halfway between stations (approx every 1/4 mile). Possible link to secondary routes on Homan Ave or into Garfield Park.

Bikeway access from nearby buildings encouraces another layer of living in the city.

Station

Additional nodes and spur lines can accommodate important community centers suchas schools, hospitals and civic buildings.

Vacant lots on the south side of Lake Street can be developed to expand the greenway or used for integrated parking and stormwater treatment and infiltration.

Keeping open space on the south side of Lake Street preserves the access to sunlight under the El and the new bikeway.

Elevated Bikeway Bike Elevator

Possible Secondary Bikeway Emergency Stop &/or Intersection Parking and Water Infiltration/Remediation

The bikeway relates dynamically to its context, based on building types and street widths.

The addition of an elevated express bikeway to Lake Street will complement the existing layers of movement on Lake Street. The El already accomodates efficient mass-transit. The bikeway will encourage human-powered transportation by reducing the number of street intersections cyclists need to navigate, enabling them to travel between Oak Park to the Loop quickly and safely. It will also create a new experience of the city through its unique combination of viewpoint and pace and through its flexible relationship to its architectural and infrastructural context. The bikeway can take advantage of the El stations for its ground-level interface, and the El’s structure can be used to support the bikeway in narrow street segments. Cyclists may also access the bikeway from roofs and mid-level floors of neighboring buildings, and multistorey buildings can house portions of the bikeway. Access to the bikeway will foster a new layer of living on the roofs of the neighborhood. Finally, the bikeway can be freestanding, offering experiences independent of building and train. On ground level, the elemination of on-street parking on Lake Street makes it possible to position east-bound and west-bound traffic in separate bays relative to the El’s structure. This also creates opportunity for a greenway for pedestrian and local bike traffic on the south side of the street.

A commercial

B station

C residential

Opposing traffic separated by the El’s supports.

Wider setback for multi-use commercial and residential building.

Configuration 1 for the greenway.

Expanded greenway.

Bikeway accomodated within multistorey building.

Resident bike parking and bikeway access.

Bikeway access and employee bicycle parking from roof.

Freestanding segment of bikeway provides a new perspective on the open space.

Bikeway attached to El, support styled after El station structure. Configuration 2 for greenway. Bikeway access from two and three storey buildings.

Bikeway station -- access from ground level by elevator.

Green roof on singlestorey building controls runoff, reduces energy use and creates a point of recognition for cycilsts and El users.

Houses of different heights respond to the bikeway in distinct ways. Threestoreys and more add a door at the new street level. Two-storeys can add access and living space on the roof. Singlestoreys are too short for access, but can make more use of their roof spaces in the company of their neighbors.

This design project extends the concepts of environmental porosity and symbiosis from community stormwater management to a regional bikeway alongside the elevated Green Line train.

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PARK:NEIGHBORHOOD INTERFACE Marco Romani

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Bottom right: Marco Romani with students from Willa Cather Elementary School Photograph by Brook Collins/Chicago Park District

This proposal enhances the northwest entrance to the Garfield Park lagoons, and links it with green streetscape design and neighborhood parks along West End Drive in West Garfield Park.

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URBAN FOREST EXPLOSION Douglas Fair Jr.

Douglas Fair with students from Willa Cather Elementary School Photograph by Brook Collins/Chicago Park District

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This design concept radically expands the urban forestry legacy, tree cover, and habitat- both within Garfield Park and along adjacent streets and blockscapes.

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STORMWATER

Anthony Morelli

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Reduction of road width and introduction of native vegetation S.U.D.S

Step #1 Rooftop gardens collect rain water S.U.D.S

Step #2 Excess roof water flows down and drains into a bioswale S.U.D.S

Anthony Morelli with students from Willa Cather Elementary School Photograph by Brook Collins/Chicago Park District

This proposal treats stormwater runoff from Madison Street in Garfield Park; and it prototypes rainwater harvesting, porous paving with structural soils, and bioswale/rain gardens at the neighborhood scale on Monroe Street.

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WALKING,STROLLING+RAMBLING Isaiah Ross

Isaiah Ross with students from Willa Cather Elementary School Photograph by Brook Collins/Chicago Park District

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This project expands upon the green design goal of “walkability” by choreographing different experiences and spaces for walking along Fulton Boulevard.

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VIBRANT SPACES Molly Walters

Molly Walters with students from Willa Cather Elementary School Photograph by Brook Collins/Chicago Park District

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This green neighborhood proposal links mixed-use development along Madison Street and a four-block neighborhood park with community gardens that connect the community along St. Louis and Fifth Ave. Streetscape plantings are increased in part by removing underutilized traffic lanes, augmented by living walls where parkway space is limited.

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BLOCKSCAPE DESIGN Studio Selection

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The green blockscape designs connect proposed plantings, drainage, and semi-private neighborhood spaces in the interior of blocks with the design of surrounding public streets and neighborhood parks .

Clockwise from top left: Marco Romani, Julie Sajtar, Isaiah Ross, Molly Walters, and David Dodson.

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SYNTHESIS AND NEXT STEPS: Neighborhood-Based Design As noted in the introduction, studio members were particularly inspired by the Willa Cather Elementary School students, the Garﬁeld Park Conservatory Alliance, the Chicago Center for Green Technology, and UIC architects and planners - as evidenced on this page. Students stressed the human dimensions of ecological design from the outset. Far more is needed to develop neighborhood-based urban ecological design processes that are empowering and sustainable, and to develop studio design methods that are guided by the dynamics of local knowledge at the neighborhood as well as urban scale.

Willa Cather Elementary School design session. Photographs by Brook Collins/ Chicago Park District

Design students working in the Chicago Center for Green Technology

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Orientation by UIUC alumni at Douglas Hoerr Landscape Architecture

Presentation at Jens Jensen Room in Garfield Park Conservatory

Sketches presented at the Willa Cather Elementary School. Photorgraphs by Brook Collins

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SYNTHESIS AND NEXT STEPS: The Seasonality of Green Neighborhood The Park-Centric Design Approach also proved fruitful, though many questions remain. One obvious example is that the “Center” of the park changes with the seasons – from the lagoons and bandstand in summer, to the Conservatory in winter. The images on these pages illustrate these seasonal phenomena, and pose exciting ecological design challenges for the neighborhood and city: • Green Neighborhood Design in Spring, for example, involves rainwater infiltration, revegetation, cooling, and extensive community use of Garfield Park lagoons, playgrounds, and picnic areas. • Green Neighborhood Design in Winter, by comparison, involves freeze-thaw cycles, snowmelt runoff, heating, indoor recreation, efficient transit, an icy beauty – and a world-class tropical paradise set within a prairie-haystack-inspired Conservatory!

Garfield Park Lagoon and the Gold Dome Chicago Park District building in spring (above) and winter (below)

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Streetscapes in spring (above) and winter (below)

Field visit in winter. Dan Purciarello (center) and landscape

Tropical Conservatory Interior

architecture students.

Native and contemporary planting design at the Chicago

Bandstand in spring (above) and winter (below)

Center for Green Technology (above) and Garfield Park Conservatory (below)

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Urban Planning

NEIGHBORHOOD GREEN

Instructors: Brent D. Ryan Dave L. Walker University of Illinois at Chicago College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs Course: UPP 552 Physical Planning III, Fall 2006 and Spring 2007

NEIGHBORHOOD GREEN:Fall 2006 Sustainability has emerged as an increasingly important topic across a range of disciplines ranging from environmental science, to urban politics, to design and engineering. Urban planners, charged with creating innovative physical visions for future communities, have a particular responsibility to understand and incorporate sustainable concerns into their practice. Chicago, with its long-standing executive commitment to sustainable design, presents a particularly appropriate and exciting location to investigate this topic. The Fall 2006 Green Neighborhood Design Studio questioned whether all of the city has benefited equally from Chicago’s environmental improvements. Many lowincome neighborhoods have historical concentrations of heavy industry, some of which survives and continues to pollute its vicinity. The lower-quality housing stock of poor neighborhoods is often energy-inefficient, placing an additional fiscal burden on those least able to bear it. Many low-income communities are awash in illegal dumping and vacant lots strewn with trash. All of these conditions mean that sustainability in low-income neighborhoods is both a challenge and a mandate for designers concerned with urban design, environmental improvement, and social equity. This studio addressed the above issues by creating sustainable planning and design strategies in the low-income Chicago community of Garfield Park. The studio centered around the question, “What is green urbanism?” Students investigated and examined a range of physical planning/urban design measures that applied green urbanism concepts at the area and neighborhood scale. Students considered a broad range of measures ranging from site plans and designs, to urban design guidelines, to regulatory measures and plans, to incentive programs. Students began the semester by identifying, with little to no prior research, an environmental problem in the City of Chicago. The problem was spatial in nature: i.e., something that affected physical space. Students identified problems that were visible and that had an impact at the district or neighborhood scale. Students selected “problems” based on their own judgments, conceiving of the term broadly. This exercise was undertaken with the understanding that many environmental problems, though not all, were also likely to be present in the subject neighborhood of Garfield Park.

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Students initiated their investigation of sustainable design and planning by examining three best practices being carried out in one or more locales around the world. Participants subsequently isolated a “critical issue” within the study area linked to sustainability, before identifying planning principles that they felt were the highest-priority items for physical planners to address in Garfield Park. The preceding work occupied the first half of the semester. By mid-term, students began their development of specific proposals based on their identification of critical issues and planning principles. The resulting work, selections of which are seen in the following pages, addressed a diverse range of problems in Garfield Park, both topical and geographic. Students examined the surviving industrial areas, with successful but also polluting industries; the historic residential neighborhoods, with differing levels of market activity and interest; and the open space, mostly resulting from past demolition, that dotted the entire study area. Student proposals generally shed away from emphasizing complex and costly “big idea” principles to be carried out by a single agency, in favor of decentralized solutions whose implementation could be enacted either by community residents or on an incremental, immediate scale. Examples included community-created open spaces; gradual building redevelopment; and incentives to alter existing behavior toward a more sustainable practice. This approach to planning and design practice enabled the consideration of the proposals within multiple implementation contexts, enhancing the viability of the ideas. The Fall 2006 Green Neighborhood Design Studio placed an especial emphasis on graphic modes of presentation. Students enrolled in an additional two credit hours per week, much of which was spent on additional graphic work. Many students also enrolled in an intensive week-long training workshop in graphic software. Throughout the semester, all studio participants presented their ideas on one or more 30x36 inch mounted display boards. The studio work attracted substantial interest from members of the Green Studio Steering Team. Studio projects also went on to win UIC-level graduate research awards. Throughout the semester, and during the preparation of this report, Research Assistant Zahra Kadkani-Schmitt’s dedication and design skills were invaluable contributions. Brent D. Ryan

NEIGHBORHOOD GREEN:Spring 2007 The Spring 2007 physical planning studio followed the Fall 2006 studio in addressing the question of “What is green urbanism?” Students examined a range of ideas from site planning and design guidelines, sustainability policies, to the reform of existing transportation or zoning standards. Each student’s project was organized to communicate a “big idea” that graphically displayed the meaning of a complex planning and urban design concept, while also demonstrating its potential implementation. Students were encouraged to develop recommendations that reflected their personal interests and skill sets as well as community and city needs. Studio participants presented their ideas to the instructor in class presentations (pinups) and in “public” presentations throughout the semester. The goal of the studio was to create very plausible ideas that could be articulated through a case study of individual design and implementation. It was particularly important for students to identify graphically how their ideas could be implemented and what scenarios, or vignettes best portrayed their design solutions. Green Urbanism as beautification and community development

In addition, many of the green sustainable solutions offered by the students included job creation. This concept is an ongoing yet extremely critical issue as we move from a manufacturing-based society to a more service-based economy. Can “Green Urbanism” be utilized to spur economic development and ultimately generate jobs for the community? Sustainable agriculture alternatives including urban farms using the vacant land in addition to food processing plants which use both sustainable input and output solutions for their processing are two good examples of the impact for future community/economic development. In general, all of the solutions promoted a strong pedestrian environment, which ultimately defines good community. The quality of the walk, the quality of the bicycle ride, and the quality of those things viewed at the pedestrian level, all gave way to the concept of healthy community. Of course, the studio recognized that the vehicle was a necessary evil amongst us all, but the fact that students concentrated on physical environmental solutions, quality of life, job creation, and a strong pedestrian realm made the studio a complete success. Dave L. Walker

Students presented ideas for the implementation of green and sustainable ideas, while also providing options for community beautification and neighborhood improvement. Because of the training and the interest of many of the students, a social twist was consistently present in many solutions. The students believed that Green Urbanism was not only an opportunity to implement green ideas and solutions, but more importantly, it represented an opportunity to provide neighborhood improvements with community development initiatives close behind. Based on this attitude, it seems clear that Green Urbanism can be used as a catalyst to provide community development initiatives in declining or stagnant neighborhoods. Sustainable solutions that attempt to beautify streets, create open space, generate economic development, coordinate the recycling of trash with its eventual removal, encourage sustainable affordable housing, and provide a comfortable safe pedestrian environment are all key elements to the successful growth of a neighborhood. Policy-makers should use these tools in combination with those of the sustainable environment world to influence the dialogue and implementation of sustainable community development.

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NATURE AS RESOURCE Phil Kramer

AREA OF STUDY

PROPOSAL

Create space that facilitates the management of natural resources while being specifically defined and recognizable Enrich the natural landscape such that it enables energy conservation and sustainable energy consumption Provide spaces for community activity specifically for environmental education

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CRITICAL ISSUES

IMPLEMENTATION Implementation

YEAR

e av

YEAR

ADOPT ENERGY EFFICIENT LANDSCAPE DESIGN FOR PUBLICLY OWNED SPACE INCORPORATE URBAN GARDEN CONCEPT INITIALIZE THE CREATION OF A GARDEN SUPPORTING AGENCY GAIN CAPITAL THROUGH GRANTS GOVERNMENT CHARITY ACQUIRE ACCESS TO VACANT LAND FOR THE NURSERY HARD PERMEABLE madison st PUBLIC SPACE GREEN HOUSE COLLABORATE WITH EXISTING GREEN HOUSE FARMERS AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS FOR GARDEN SUPPORT VOLUNTEER SERVICE AND BUSINESS CONSULTATION BEGIN PROVIDING PLANTS TO PRIVATE RESIDENCES PUBLICLY Tall dense Foliage Street tree Med height foliage Arable land OWNED SPACE AND FOR GARDEN MATERIALS PROVIDE LANDSCAPING GUIDANCE AND GARDEN SUPPORT

dz ke

YEAR

GREEN HOUSE

Swale Dense shallow foliage Permeable brick

BEGIN NURSERY AND OR GREEN HOUSE IN OTHER LOCATIONS UTILIZING THE TEST SPACE AS A KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT BASE THE MATURE AGRICULTURE SYSTEM CAN BE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL VOLUNTEERING ENTREPRENEURIALISM PROMOTING 'ARFIELD 0ARK AS A FORWARD THINKING URBAN PLACE RESULTING IN A SELF SUPPORTING SYSTEM OF NURSERIES AND GREEN HOUSES WHICH PROVIDE PLANTS AND RESOURCES FOR AN ENERGY EFFICIENT LIVING INFRASTRUCTURE A PROFITABLE FOOD PRODUCTION FIRM A NETWORK OF URBAN FARMING AND LANDSCAPING KNOWLEDGE AND A COMMUNITY BETTER EQUIPPED Phil Kramer. UPP552 Physical Planning Studio TO LIVE SUSTAINABLE LIVES December 5th, 2006

Despite the abundance of open spaces around many existing Garﬁeld Park houses, these spaces are often adversaries rather than resources. Too many open spaces fail to enhance sustainability. Instead they waste energy and leave vacant land that could be used productively. This study proposed reusing this land to reduce heating and cooling losses, water runoff and to grow valuable natural food sources. The process of reusing this land could also become a source for additional community knowledge that could be applied to other growth areas in the community. Best of all, the work is low cost and could begin immediately, with little ongoing expense. 

Eco-PMD: Ecologically Planned Manufacturing District Matt Panfil

AREA OF STUDY Former site of Branch’s Confections

Illegal Open Dump

Brumund Foundry

Chicago Anodizing Co.

PROPOSAL Transit Oriented, Non-Residential (Special Case)

Transit Oriented, Non-Residential



Non-Transit Oriented, Non-Residential

Non-Transit Oriented, Residential

Transit Oriented, Residential

Waste Reduction/Sharing

Green Neighborhood

Green Buildings

Green Production

CRITICAL ISSUES

IMPLEMENTATION •Buildings in Subdistricts with NonResidential Status required to achieve a minimum of LEED-EB Certiﬁcations

Project Timeline:

•Buildings with footprints over 50,000 square feet must demonstrate achievement of Stormwater Reduction and Heat Island Reduction LEED-EB credits

•Completion of virtual industrial symbiosis network

•Conduct Envoronmental Impact Study as a baseline for comparison as project progresses

•In year 10 and every 10 years thereafter conduct and evaluation to determine effectiveness and potential expansion

•Buildings in Subdistricts with Residential status required to achieve a minimum of LEED-EB Certiﬁcation

•Conduct Neighborhood Impact Study to evaluate overall contribution to the community

•Buildings in Subdistricts with Residential status required to achieve a minimum of LEED-EB Silver status

•Increase permitted F.A.R. in TransitOriented Subdistricts •Establish “LEED Point Trading System”

IMPACT Improved Quality of Life for Residents of Garﬁeld Park

Enhancement of Chicago’s Image as a Leading “Green City”

More Efﬁcient and Proﬁtable Industrial Production

•An overall healthier physical envoronment

•Synthesizing Chicago’s historical reputation as a center for industry with its commitment to a more sustainable city, the Eco-PMD will enable Chicago to capitalize on the growing demand for green products and make it the “green industrial hub” of the Midwest.

•With an extensive, accurate, and up to date, virtual industrial symbiosis network, businesses will be able to reduce some of the costs associated with disposing of waste. •Businesses will spend less on new input material and reduce their overall level of resource consumption.

•Increase employment opportunities close to home •Potential to help spur development in West Garﬁeld Park as employees may look for housing closer to work and retailers may locate to accomodate growing population.

Chicago’s industrial corridors are essential for maintaining a globally competitive economy. By analyzing Garﬁeld Park’s industrial areas, this project suggests a more subtle approach to dealing with the challenging contrast between sustainability and industry. Since manufacturing and industrial jobs are indispensable economic factors, this project proposes an Ecological Planned Manufacturing District (Eco-PMD) to provide a new set of considerations in the production process. At a greater scale, the Garﬁeld Park Eco-PMD proposal increases the level of sustainability around four critical themes: waste reduction, green neighborhood, green architecture, and green production.

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VACANT SPACE OPPORTUNITIES Seth Parker

AREA OF STUDY CRITICAL ISSUES  discouraged investment  underutilized employment sites

East Garfield Park West Garfield Park 1930

 illegal dumping ground 63,353

50,014

1960

66,871

 weakened retail corridors

 potential physical hazards  rodent/pest infestations  sites of prostitution

 lost property tax revenue

 sites of drug use

 unusable open space

45,611

1990

24,030 24,095

2000

20,881 23,019

PROPOSAL

Play space



Natural space

Garden space

Vacant Residential Vacant Commercial Vacant Industrial Existing Open Space Existing Churches

EXISTING CONDITIONS

Existing Schools

IMPLEMENTATION

1. IDENTIFY

2. FOSTER

3. SPONSOR

4. PROTECT

Vacant Space Local Groups Non-Local Partners

Education Group Formation Site Selection

Provide Resources Promote Partnerships Coordinate Efforts

Listen to Concerns Establish Watches Improve Police Beats

A Garfield Park Scenario for Applying the Process: Site Selection SMALL VACANT LOT

Site Transformation

Transformed Vacant Space

MEDIUM VACANT LOT

NEW PLAYLOT

LOCAL INITIATIVES SUPPORT PROGRAM (LISC)

SUPPORT TEAM LED BY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND INCLUDING LISC, OPENLANDS PROJECT, CHURCH OF CHRIST AND MARCONI COMMUNITY ACADEMY

Support Framework

Education, Funding & Guidance

Support Framework

SUPPORT TEAM LED BY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND INCLUDING LISC, OPENLANDS PROJECT, CHURCH OF CHRIST AND MARCONI COMMUNITY ACADEMY

OPENLANDS PROJECT

Technical Assistance

CITY OF CHICAGO DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT

Formation

Non-Local Partners

Other Partners

Block Group Partners

CENTER FOR GREEN TECHNOLOGY

TECHNICAL AND LANDSCAPE RESOURCES PROVIDED BY CENTER FOR GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND CHRISTINE WEBER LANDSCAPES

CHRISTINE WEBBER LANDSCAPES CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT

Maintenance & Usage

Support Framework

SUPPORT TEAM LED BY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND INCLUDING LISC, OPENLANDS PROJECT, CHURCH OF CHRIST AND MARCONI COMMUNITY ACADEMY

Neighborhood Watch

4400 BLOCK OF WEST FULTON BLOCK GROUP

CHURCH OF CHRIST MARCONI COMMUNITY ACADEMY

The Block Group

4400 BLOCK OF WEST FULTON BLOCK GROUP

Support

The Block Group

Guidance

4400 BLOCK OF WEST FULTON BLOCK GROUP

Renovation

The Block Group

BLOCK RESIDENTS

Phyiscal Improvement

Local Groups

Selection

MEDIUM VACANT LOT

Regular Police Patrols

4400 BLOCK OF WEST FULTON

Enhanced Communication

Example Site

Police Support CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT

As a result of population decline and economic shifts, a substantial number of vacant lots and underused properties are present throughout the Garﬁeld Park community. This disinvested landscape has consequently reduced the quality of urban space. However, there are many possible options for the productive reuse of these vacant residential parcels. This study envisions the creation of a continuity between local residents, adjacent urban spaces, and the support of outside institutions. Ultimately, the interlinkage of these forces will result in the regrowth of a socially and environmentally productive neighborhood. 

RESIDENTIAL DEMOLITION AND EMBODIED ENERGY LOSS Kristin Raman

AREA OF STUDY

PROPOSAL POLICY 1 POLICY 2.1 POLICY 3.1 POLICY 2.0 POLICY 2.1 POLICY 2.2 POLICY 3.0 POLICY 3.2



Preserve endangered buildings that are found to be structurally stable Levee a fee against developers who demolish in community hot spots without rebuilding Require developers who demolish in community hot spots without rebuilding, to donate up to 80% of reusable building materials to the local salvage non-proﬁt Create an embodied energy plan Create an embodied energy plan Developers who rebuild in the community will be given embodied energy credits Create a deconstruction and salvage non-proﬁt Developers who demolish and rebuild in community hot spots are required to either reuse and/or donate up to 50% of reusable building materials

%-/,)4)/.

,%'%.$ $EMOLITION 0ERMIT .EW #ONSTRUCTION 0ERMIT $EMOLITION 0ERMITS 0ULLED $EMOLITION 0ERMITS 0ULLED $EMOLITION 0ERMITS 0ULLED $EMOLITION 0ERMITS 0ULLED #ENSUS 4RACT "OUNDARY

By analyzing the energy loss created by contemporary demolitions in Garﬁeld Park, this project critiques the environmental damage caused by residential “teardowns.” Engaging both public- and private-sector actors, a series of alternative environmental strategies were developed to discourage demolition. These emphasize the importance of preserving and reusing the neighborhood’s old yet stable buildings, thereby encouraging a reconsideration of these structures’ environmental and esthetic value. In addition to outright preservation, strategies include demolition fees, a materials reuse nonproﬁt, and transferable embodied energy credits. 

A NEW CAMPUS Emily Tapia Lopez Building Size Comparison

Other Chicago Area High Schools

AREA OF STUDY

Campus Districts and Organization

IMPLEMENTATION



Spatial Usage of Complex

PROPOSAL New Campus

Educational Complex

Organic Grocery Store

Health Clinic & Daycare Campus Bookstore

Integration rather than demolition is the principle motivating this project’s green vision. Promoting a diverse mix of spatial perceptions and uses, this concept develops a strategy to convert the existing vacant Brach’s factory into a vibrant urban node. By breaking down the Brach’s complex into different usage areas, the project proposes a combination of education, health and culinary activities within the existing structure. In addition to housing a high school, a technical community college, a bookstore, an organic grocery shop, and a community health clinic, the green spaces surrounding the building generate several gathering nodes that contribute to the urbanity of the community.

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ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TRANSITIONAL PARKS Nimrod Warda

AREA OF STUDY

PROPOSAL

Landscape Nature Park



Artistic Expression Park

Sports Action Park

1 Urban Forest Park

In this park, natural processes such as bioremediation can take place, using plants to return the environment altered by contaminants to its original condition.

Urban Forest Park 2 Landscaped Nature Park

Functioning essentially like a community garden, these parks would work as urban oases.

Landscaped Nature Park 3 Artistic Expression Park

As an artistic outlet for local residents, this park should be designed solely by Garﬁeld Park residents.

Artistic Expression Park 4 Sports Action Park

From permeable basketball and tennis courts to movable skateboarding ramps, these parks should emphasize physical recreation.

Sports Action Park

Why wait for outsiders to help? Convinced by the importance of citizen participation, this question spurred this study’s promotion of the role of local residents in shaping their common open space in Garfield Park. Local residents would be the initiators, maintainers, and users of the spaces created by this decentralized design process. The resulting open spaces would be flexible and multi-purpose environments that would change in concert with the surrounding neighborhoods. These spaces challenge the conventional park model, which is too often costly, inflexible, exclusionary, and inaccessible. 

SEEING GREEN:Managing Energy and Housing in East Garfield Park Sarah Ciampi sights on…

an environmental and economically sustainable solution:

East Garfield Park. “Located directly in the path of gentrification heading westward from the loop, East Garfield Park has been named one of America's most "up and coming neighborhoods" in the March 2007 issue of Newsweek.”

Waste to energy facility, green materials warehouse and recycling 90% volume waste reduction

-Wikipedia Reference Online

2,816 megawatts/hr

some residents will stay, some will go, new will move in and East Garfield Park will change – for the better.

ash reuse steam sold to utility co./electricity to grid job creation

success depends on integrating sustainable development practices.

centralized location for building materials, exchange, recycling promotes sustainable construction practices job creation

waste to energy

affordability +accountability = living right in East Garfield Park

building to save $ + 3

energy rehab and new contruction

new construction; mixed use highdensity

1 waste-to-energy; green materials warehouse



•proximity to all transportation modes – blue and green line, bus, expressway •corridor ripe for commercial development, blend with random commercial uses •infrastructure can handle higher density, because currently so vacant, higher structures do not harm neighborhood character or skyline site lines

Sealing the housing stock – energy efficient rehab

Ruth saves… $350/month if energy rehab completed

Use Energy Service Company to complete audits, testing, work, maintenance and monitoring -performance contracting

Residential education program – HUD and EnergyStar rehab guidelines

 infill housing, new apartment complexes small scale mixed-use “local store approach”

Sealing the housing stock – energy efficient rehab

Main opportunities: air sealing, insulation, HVAC systems

housing rehab program: a. THREE level program Homes classified in three levels based on air seal conditions – results of bypass pressure tests, openings (doors and windows), ventilation Different rehab grants available for each level

b. FOUR level program levels 1-3 same as three level program homes deemed level 4 are slated for demolition; open new sites for infill housing •considerations: displacement, embodied energy loss – reuse, recycle waste

Sealing the housing stock – energy efficient rehab

Key results of base study: Walnut street most level three homes – 10 slated as level four Residents: have done rehab, not educated therefore do not see any major savings, some worse than before

 3 our of 4 residents would rehab homes if educated and given financial assistance Ideal number of homes for ESC program

Sustainability in this rapidly growing neighborhood will depend on incorporating best practices into new development. Three possibilities would have particular impact. Recycling waste into energy would return capital, materials, and employment to the neighborhood economy. Enhanced green guidelines for new development would increase density around transit corridors while reducing the incremental impact of such construction. Finally, reducing energy waste in the existing housing stock will save money for residents, but cost little to implement. 

A SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBORHOOD: Transportation Network Grant Davis

Visions for East Garfield Park

Existing Bikeways and 10 Minute Walks

1. Streets that anyone can walk or bicycle on. 2. Zero preventable crash fatalities. 3. An urban design that encourages sustainable modes of transportation while supporting the community.

Environmental Benefits: Improved Air Quality

Pedestrian Crashes

• Automobile Emissions – 31% of CO2; 81% of CO; 49% Nitrogen Oxides • A bike that replaces an automobile for all travel is equal to the planting of 170 trees • 40% of trips are less than 2 miles when autos have the highest rate of pollution • 4 mile bike trip keeps 15 pounds of pollutants out of the air

Barriers to Walking and Biking

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Proposed bikeways

Needed Design Changes

• Pedestrians – Traffic Calming – Safe Crossings – Inviting Streets • Bikes – Bike Lanes – Paths – Bike Boulevards

Designing A Commercial Street • Maximize on-street parking • Encourage traffic, but calm traffic • Make easy for pedestrians and bicyclists to cross • Pleasant pedestrian environment

Designing a Neighborhood Street

• Discourage through traffic, but allow local traffic • 20 mph speeds • Street where everyone feels safe and comfortable on N

Garfield Park roads are designed only for the automobile. Adding traffic calming and bike-oriented design measures on major streets will increase transit use, reduce auto-generated pollution, and enhance safety. Both commercial streets and neighborhood residential streets can be transformed into integrated pathways that permit easy, safe, and predictable paths for pedestrians, cyclists, and automobiles. The measures are low-cost, easy to construct, and proven effective. They could be constructed today. 

GREEN INFILL DEVELOPMENT Luis Monterrubio

HEAT ISLAND EFFECT ELEVATED SURFACES TEMPERATURES

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

TREE CANOPY RATIO DRAINAGE SWALES

RAIN BARRELS

RAIN GARDENS

EXISTING CONDITIONS

Bioswales

Rain barrels and Rain Garden



Landscaping with native plants

FILTER STRIP

LANDSCAPE ALONG MAIN ARTERIALS

GREEN ALLEYS PROGRAM

PERVIOUS SYSTEMS

2ND BLOCK EXISTING CONDITIONS

BEST PRACTICES

1ST BLOCK EXISTING CONDITIONS

PROPOSED GREEN INFILL DEVELOPMENT AND BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Garﬁeld Park needs green landscaping as much as it needs green development. Parking lots, roadways, and alleys generate excess heat, stress the stormwater system, and exhaust the eye with acres of pavement and concrete. Why not landscape abandoned lots, return swales and retention ponds to the neighborhood, and soften the harsh edges of the streets and sidewalks? It would not be long before Garﬁeld Park truly began to resemble its namesake park, greening the way to sustainability instead of paving it. 

SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBORHOOD DESIGN Yochai Eisenberg

Framework

Principles Build of assets such as schools, hospitals and churches by locally producing green services and products for them.

NCP Plan 2005

Vision

Principles

East Garfield Park will be a vibrant Urban Village that is strengthened by the internal and external connections of sustainable practices, which will in turn help reduce its ecological footprint.

Design Concepts

Capitalize on the interaction effects of shelter, waste, food and mobility, through strategic locations and re-using of existing facilities.

Principles

Connect Urban to Rural, through Biodiesel and composting, to stop sprawl and revitalize urban neighborhoods



Al Raby School

Kedzie T.O.D.

Franklin Green Infrastructure

Sac e ram

Franklin Kedzie

nto

Center for Green Technology Metra

Kedzie T.O.D.

Franklin Green Infrastructure Healthy Food Agriculture

Eco-Park

Light Manufacturing for schools Eco-Park

Healthy Food Biodiesel

Kedzie T.O.D.

Permeable Pavement New housing

Biodiesel

Light Manufacturing for schools

Agriculture

New housing and Mixed use

Franklin Green Infrastructure

Fr an kli

n Ke

e dzi

Sustainability is not only high-profile design and engineering. Sustainability also means the intelligent use and disposition of shelter, food, mobility, and waste, all of which are dominant concerns in Garfield Park. This study sites these practices in three currently underused neighborhood nodes: the elevated railroad, the industrial boulevard corridor, and the interior residential boulevard. Each of these nodes could undergo a rich transformation, sustaining a healthier cycle of energy flow in a small area. 

URBAN DESIGN PLAN TO ADDRESS VACANT LOTS Josh Potter

Madison Neighborhood Retail

Vacant Lots

b Æ

Union Pacific West Line

1 • Approx. 83.8 acres vacant land

FULTON BLVD

Á Æ !

! ! CTA Green!Line

Á Æ

Á Æ !

CALIFORNIA AVE

KEDZIE AVE

SACRAMENTO BLVD

CTA Blue Line

AVE

I-290 Eisenhower Exressway

Á Æ !

• Approx. 15% of East Garfield Park is Vacant

• Approx. 1,750 Vacant Lots in East Garfield Park according to Garfield Park Conservatory Alliance

MADISON AVE

5TH

1 40,000 square feet neighborhood retail – 16,000 square feet anchor/specialty grocer/drug store/small hardware store

2 3 4 5 6

Building oriented towards main street (Madison); Parking in the rear; Outdoor Eating Area Pedestrian Plaza/Open Space/Park BMPs – Bioswale; Parking Lot Landscaping; Porous Pavement; Natural Detention Streetscape Elements

VacantLots

Percent of Block Vacant

California and Madison Mid-Rise 2 2

4 5

3 1 5

4 6

1 2 3 4 5

Mid-Rise, Mixed-Income Housing; Higher Density - 30-50 units per acre Gateway/Entry Feature; Improve Intersection Streetscape Elements; Landscaped Medians Native Landscape Detention Other BMPs – Green Roof; Parking Lot Landscaping; Porous Pavement

6 Streetscape

5th Avenue Townhomes

5 6

4 3

7 1



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Townhomes oriented toward street; secondary, garage access in rear Utilize and align existing alleys for access and Green Alley design Increase common open space Streetscape; Landscaped Medians Community Garden BMPs – Porous Pavement; Bioswale; Native Landscape Detention Gateway Entry Feature/Pedestrian Plaza

Property south of Marshall High at Southwest corner of 5th Ave. and Kedzie Ave.

Southwest corner of 5th Ave. and Whipple Street

Open Space Design Elements

Pocket Park

Community Garden

Property at northeast corner of 5th Ave. and Kedzie Ave.

Green Alley Design Elements

Diagram

Plan

Porous Pavement Rain Garden Landscape Medians

French Drain Rain Barrel

Green Alley

Infill Residential Design Elements

Final Design

Oriented Towards Street Rear Load Garage

Vacant property damages the economy, urbanity, and environment of Garfield Park. It is the one landscape feature that can be found everywhere, yet the community is deficient in local parks. Starting with the blocks with the highest deficiency and vacancy, this study proposes new retail, mid-rises and townhomes contextual with the historic environment. This renewed urban fabric is complemented by open space, landscaping, and streetscaping designed into the integral fabric of the new structures. 

Architecture

EXTREME GREEN Instructor: Penelope Dean University of Illinois at Chicago School of Architecture Course: ARCH 519, Spring 2007

EXTREME GREEN

Make no little plans; they have no magic to stir men’s blood and probably will not themselves be realized. Daniel H. Burnham

From the first moment the city was viewed as a “problem” capable of rational solution in the midnineteenth century, divergent urban trajectories of the city have generally bifurcated along two lines of critical reaction: the future (modern) city as model versus the past (traditional) city as model. Within this history, the city was variously formulated as a problem of the “hygienic,” “technical,” “social” and so on, resulting in urban paradigms ranging from the City Beautiful to Garden City to urban modernism to New Urbanism. Importantly, these disciplinary archetypes have contained both an ideology and a design agenda: the City Beautiful dedicated to formal beautifications of the city image as a prerequisite for harmonious social order; the modernist city, founded on calculation and zoning as a reaction to congestion, ranging from metropolitan visions of Le Corbusier to the decentralization of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City. More recently, New Urbanism has paradoxically recuperated the modernist agenda, with a new aesthetic and the principle organizing unit of the “neighborhood,” strictly codified with zoning parameters and pattern books. It is within this historical canon that the City of Chicago’s current call for a “Green City” can be perversely re-conceptualized as a more recent formulation of the “city as problem,” this time under a rubric of the “sustainable.” Yet, within the discipline of architecture, while the terms “green” and “sustainable” might constitute an ideology - a lifestyle choice - they have yet to be associated with a coherent and explicit design agenda. Largely driven by the application of design technologies motivated by the natural sciences, architectural ideas have too often been reduced to ad hoc bits and pieces - either as off-the-shelf products (e.g., solar panels, rainwater tanks, etc.) or as landscape elements (e.g., plantings and other natural amenities) - to the extent that “green” and “sustainable” have almost become euphemisms, alibis even, for not doing any design at all. For this reason “green” and “sustainable” have remained peripheral to discursive disciplinary debate. 

To address this concern, this speculative design studio asked the following question: what can a term like green do for architecture? By conflating the topics of “landscape” and “city” into the hybrid of Landscape Urbanism, the studio opportunistically exploited green as both a problem of discipline and a problem of city. To this end, students were each asked to design an extreme landscape/urban proposal for the scale of Chicago. By first extending the “unconscious” green endeavors of earlier urban paradigms into ten extreme definitions of green for the contemporary city (e.g green is zoning, green is control, green is maceration etc.), the students developed large-scale ideas as arguments for the city. By focusing on the site of Garfield Park, aspects of these extreme proposals were refined and tested locally. Finally, by zooming back out to the scale of the city, the local conceits developed in Garfield Park could be returned, as both architectural and urban lessons, to Chicago. As a collective work, the studio’s large scale models and Burham-esque graphics demonstratively exploit “green” as a possibility for big design ideas rather than small policies. Penelope Dean

Perspective: Christine Scully, Recombinant City

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CITY OF GREEN INTERIORS: Green is Erasure Katarzyna Kopacz

Timeline 1670-1970: Chicago’s shrinking Green

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Looking at Chicago’s current city outline from 1670 to the present, one can notice how much the understanding of “green” has changed over 300 years. As the amount of green was shrinking decade by decade, the perception of what green meant, was also different each time. While in 1670 green began as “nature,” it later became understood as “land” during the mid 1850s, “urbs in hortus” in the late 1800s, and ﬁnally, from 1913 onwards, as “preservation.” In more recent years, from the 1980s until the present, green began to be equated with the “economy” and “recreation.”

Perspective: Katarzyna Kopacz, City of Green Interiors

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Timeline 1980-2050: Chicago’s re-emerging Green through Architecture

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With the City of Chicago’s Green Roof Initiative launched in 2006, green became associated with “building,” perhaps for the ﬁrst time. This led to the idea that from now on, Chicago’s lost green could be returned to the city in an altered state: as green interiors achieved through architecture. To control this process, a Green Volume Zoning Ordinance would be implemented to assign each of the three broad zoning categories – residential, manufacturing/business and commercial – a minimum volume of green understood as a percentage of the overall building volume. Decade by decade, green interiors would reﬁll Chicago’s erased nature.

Plan zoom: Katarzyna Kopacz, City of Green Interiors 2050

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MIX[C]ITY: Green is Lifestyle Joost Wouters

In this project, green is understood as an issue of lifestyle. Chicago’s three primary regional lifestyles - rural, suburban and city - are completely reorganized such that the city’s existing concentric, segregated diagram transformed into a diverse, integrated diagram. The core concept of MIX[c]ITY is to “mix” lifestyles within the City of Chicago to improve the quality of urban life in those areas with decreasing population. It is anticipated that the mix of lifestyles will both increase population density and expand the city’s green palette.

Existing lifestyle organization

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Proposed lifestyle organization

Existing arrangement of vacant lots in Garﬁeld Park

Reorganization of vacant lots into three lifestyle types

Garfield Park proposal showing mix of lifestyles based on vacant lots in areas where population is decreasing

Lifestyle mixes applied to city areas where population is decreasing

Perspective: Joost Wouters, Mix[c]ity

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Garfield Park plan zoom showing mixed lifestyles

Photographs: Joost Wouters, Garfield Park Mix[c]ity model

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TECHNO CITY: Brown is the New Green Flore Rimbault

Chicago’s industrial corridors have become “holes” in the city as industries evacuate. Technocity re-defines these holes as green poles for modern technological industries by first densifying an adjacent buffer zone and second by re-developing the corridors into clean work and live zones. New building typologies derive from site-specific toxic ground conditions and work as tools, not only for remediation but to help renew the city’s “mentality.” Redeveloped, the corridors offer new modes of urban life: brown becomes the new green.

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Existing Industrial corridors

Holes in the city

Contaminated buffer zones around existing industrial corridors

Proposed zone for reclamation and new development

Increased density around industrial corridors

Perspective: Flore Raimbault, Techno City

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AIR EMISSIONS

Building typologies derived from contaminated ground conditions

Cross section through Garﬁeld Park showing building typologies

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TOXIC RELEASES

HAZARDOUS WASTE

Photograph: Flore Raimbault, Techno City model

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SUPERBLOCK CITY:Green is Density Luis Palacio

This project is a reﬂection on how Chicago can grow into truly becoming the “Green City.” Rather than applying green technologies to architecture, the project understands green as a function of high density to be implemented in city zones with economic incentives: empowerment zones, industrial corridors and Tax Increment Financing zones (TIFs).Various “superblocks” - each consisting of 8 Chicago blocks - combine architecture with park through linear bars and sloping surfaces, to create a continuous green landscape across the city. This project was awarded the 2007 Schiff Design Fellowship.

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Empowerment Zones About 9% of Chicago’s area is an Empowerment Zone

TIFs (Tax Increment Financing) About 27% of Chicago’s area is a TIF Zone

Industrial Corridors About 16% of Chicago’s area is an Industrial Corridor

Map showing the superimposition of Empowerment Zones, TIFs and Industrial Corridors, with directly overlapping areas highlighted in red.

Perspective: Luis Palacio, Superblock City

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Proposed zone for Superblocks in Chicago

Superblock types according to location

Default block

Industrial block

High density block

Linear block (around existing parks)

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Cross section through typical Garﬁeld Park Superblock

Distribution of program

Housing

Vertical Cores

Services

Manufacturing

Commercial Typical Superblock plan

Photograph: Luis Palacio, Superblock model

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CITY OF NEIGHBORHOODS:Green is Control Matt Beaton

Chicago Metropolis 2020 “Access to green space is a basic human need”

Using the city’s half-mile network, major intersections in underserved areas of the city are extrapolated vertically from vacant/misappropriated land and connected to rail transit. Each intersection becomes the “control center” for a neighborhood: the urban form determined by a fiveminute access rule and site-specific program.Vacancies along major axes become in-filled, the existing city parks are connected and areas furthest from the hyperintersections are returned to the city as a “green web” for recreation and urban agriculture.

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Distributed Green

Identify Intact Neighborhoods

Substract Intact Neighborhoods

Chicago Metropolis 2020 Walkability Strategy Park as Center

Photo collage: Matt Beaton, City of Neighborhoods

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Five Minutes

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Form Generation

Cross section through Garﬁeld Park Neighborhood

Program Generation

Footprint

Photo: Matt Beaton, City of Neighborhoods model

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Recombinant City: Green is zoning. Christine Scully

City of Neighborhoods: Green is Control. Matt Beaton

Loop City: Green is Integration. Matt Christie

Mix[c]ity: Green is Lifestyle. Joost Wouters

Techno City: Brown is the New Green. Flore Raimbault

Pile City: Green is Maceration. Deirdre Colgan

Superblock City: Green is Density. Luis Palacio

City of Green Interiors: Green is Erasure. Katarzyna Kopacz

Cities in the Garden: Green is Circulation. Tracy MacMurchy

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Garfield Park, Chicago

POSTSCRIPT

POSTSCRIPT: Greener Neighborhood Pastures Since 2004, the City’s Center for Green Technology has been a showpiece of environmental responsibility in Garfield Park. The Center, located in a reused industrial building, has grounds planted with native prairie grasses, and its unpaved parking lot optimistically reserves space for electricpowered vehicles.Yet only a short distance up the street, thousands of abandoned vehicles rust into oblivion in the City of Chicago’s Impound Lot #3, awaiting an eventual fate as scrap metal, or simply as junk. Environmental celebration and desecration adjoin each other all over Garfield Park. Broad planted boulevards are lined by some of the city’s most polluting industries. Historic mansions abut piles of rubble, the remnants of other mansions abandoned and then demolished. Even the neighborhood’s namesake park has been so invaded and divided by roadways and parking lots that it is now comprised of over fifteen separate sections, many of them divided by four lanes of traffic. Garfield Park would seem a peculiar, even ironic, location to investigate the future of green urbanism in Chicago. Few of the city’s neighborhoods began with such a wealth of natural assets, and few have had those assets so abused since.Yet as the Green Neighborhood Design Studio proposals published in this book show, Garfield Park’s environmental challenges are not hopeless. Instead, they provide fertile grounds for innovative and provocative propositions for the built and natural environment that define new spaces and scales for what could be called “greenness.” In the eyes of the planners, landscape architecture, and architecture students who studied and designed for Garfield Park in 2006-07, the potential for greenness was everywhere. No space within the built or natural environment escaped students’ attention, from the existing park/way system to the variegated fabric of residential structures throughout the community. What is perhaps most reassuring is that Green Neighborhood Design Studio students saw the germ of entirely new notions of green design in many of what are conventionally considered to be Garfield Park’s least desirable landscapes. Studio projects injected green schemes into Garfield Park’s industrial land, vacant lots, and underused buildings, transforming holes at the center of the neighborhood into new hearts of sustainable neighborhood growth and development. Studio proposals also demonstrated that Garfield Park’s greenness could be found at all scales of neighborhood design. At the smallest scale, individual lots and streetscapes

could become the site for new agricultural activities, while at the largest, Garfield Park’s green schemes could act as rhizomes to transform the city, and beyond, into new networks of green spaces and structures. The Green Neighborhood Design studio represents not only a series of promising design and planning proposals for an important area of Chicago, but a novel means of integrating disciplinary perspectives toward solutions for the urban environment. After a lengthy period in which the city was seen variously as a social, historical, or conceptual project, the still-growing concept of greenness indicates that new approaches to urbanism remain to be explored by the design and planning professions, with the promise of rejuvenating these professions and their subject, the city, in its turn. This is a refreshing possibility after decades of divergence. Ultimately, green neighborhoods will only truly exist in Garfield Park if these designs are implemented. Leadership in this area will have to come from the City of Chicago, and this leadership will have to transcend narrow notions of departmental responsibility and territory in order to bring any of these green schemes to life. This will prove to be a very difficult, but hopefully not insurmountable task. Yet against the well-known obstacles to innovative green design and planning solutions for the city, stand some very meaningful trends. At the largest scale, environmental issues are a global priority, with climate change and energy issues finally attracting the attention of the federal government. Cities are at the front line of confronting these issues, making the importance of solutions at the urban scale obvious to every public official. Greenness is not an option, it is an obligation, and all neighborhoods will have to become green in the near future. It is in this light that Garfield Park, seemingly trapped in its unsustainable past, actually holds especial importance as a testing ground for a more sustainable urban future. This is true both for Chicago and for disinvested, de-industrialized neighborhoods across the developed world. Each studio proposal acknowledges this past while opening a door to the future. In the years to come, we hope that the City of Chicago will venture through many of the doors that were so carefully and thoughtfully opened by students in the Green Neighborhood Design Studios. Brent D. Ryan October 2007

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CREDITS Investigators

Landscape Architecture

University of Illinois at Chicago Brent D. Ryan (Principal Investigator) Assistant Professor and Co-Director Urban Planning and Policy Program, City Design Center

Course: LA 336/436, Spring 2007 Studio Title: Green Neighborhood Design Studio Garfield Park Instructor: Jim Wescoat, Professor Visiting Practitioner: Daniel Purciarello Students: Jamie Cizma Anthony Morelli David Dodson Brandon Peters Douglas Fair Jr. Marco Romani Joseph Henrichs Isaiah Ross Mary Kemmerer Julie Sajtar Nicholas Kinsella Eric Wittmer Jay Lechien Molly Walters Scott Lucchetti Stephanie Zawada Sarah Marrs

Susanne Schnell (Co-principal Investigator) Research Assistant Professor City Design Center Daniel Wheeler (Co-principal Investigator) Associate Professor and Interim Director School of Architecture, College of Architecture and the Arts

Steering Team 2006-2007

City of Chicago Samuel Assefa Deputy Commissioner Department of Planning and Development Michael Berkshire Green Program Administrator Department of Planning and Development David Leopold Urban Planner Department of Transportation David O’Donnell Intergovernmental Affairs Department of Environment Stephen Maduli-Williams First Deputy Commissioner Department of Housing Chicago Park District Chris Gent Deputy Director of Planning and Development University of Illinois at Chicago Penelope Dean Assistant Professor School of Architecture, College of Architecture and the Arts Daniel Wheeler Associate Professor and Interim Director School of Architecture, College of Architecture and the Arts University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign James L. Wescoat Professor and Head Department of Landscape Architecture 

Partners: Chicago Park District Garfield Park Conservatory Alliance UIC City Design Center Willa Cather Elementary School Course: LA 335 Community and Open Space Semester: Fall 2006 Studio Title: Green Neighborhood Design Studio Instructors: Doug Johnston, Professor Vincent J. Bellafiore, Professor Students: Nicholas Kinsella Daniel Archibald Jay Lechien Jason Berner Meghan McDonald Esther Choy Ann Merritt Lucy Cross Melissa Mitchell Matthew Hannon Julie Sajtar Ellen Hartman Barbara Schleicher Jihyung Jung Mary Kemmerer

Urban Planning Course: UPP 552 and UPP 594 Physical Planning III: Studio and Urban Design Studio, Fall 2006 Studio Title: Green Neighborhood Design Studio Instructor: Brent D. Ryan, Assistant Professor Students: Christopher Choi Matthew McCain Nicolas Crite Matthew Panfil Ana Margarita Irizarry Seth Parker Jonah Katz Rebecca Raines Kristen Kepnick Kristin Raman Philip Kramer Nimrod Warda Emily Tapia Lopez Research Assistant: Zahra Kadkani-Schmitt

Course: UPP 552 Physical Planning III: Studio, Spring 2007 Studio Title: Green Neighborhood Design Studio: A Sustainable Plan for Garfield Park Instructor: Dave L. Walker, Adjunct Professor Students: Monique Lehman Brian Burns Sarah Ciampi Kyle Condon Luis Monterrubio Grant Davis Joshua Potter Yochai Eisenberg Susie Thomas

Architecture

Invited Reviewers City of Chicago Department of Environment David O’Donnell City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development Sam Assefa Benet Haller City of Chicago Department of Transportation David Leopold

Course: ARCH 519 Landscape Urbanism Semester: Spring 2007 Studio Title: EXTREME Green Instructor: Penelope Dean, Assistant Professor Students: Bob Quellos Matt Beaton Flore Raimbault Matt J. Christie Christine Scully Dierdre Colgan Joost Wouters Kasia Kopacz Tracy MacMurchy Luis Palacio

Garfield Park Conservatory Alliance Mike Tomas

Guest Presenters

Shaw Environmental and Infrastructure Inc. Bill Abolt

City of Chicago Department of Environment David O’Donnell City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development Mike Berkshire Mary Bonome Benet Haller Marty McCarty Mark Muenzer City of Chicago Department of Transportation Janet Attarian David Leopold Conservation Design Forum Jim Patchet UIC City Design Center T. Abraham Lentner UIC Department of Architecture David Brown

LaSalle Bank Lydia Morken Ohio State University and Princeton School of Architecture Robert Somol RTKL Associates Dave L. Walker

UIC City Design Center Brent D. Ryan Susanne Schnell UIC School of Architecture David Brown Penelope Dean Sarah Dunn Ellen Grimes Clare Lyster Bob McAnulty Annie Pedret Xavier Vendrell Dan Wheeler UIC Urban Planning and Policy Program Kheir Al-Kodmany Charlie Hoch Marty Jaffe Rich Kordesh Brent D. Ryan UIUC Department of Landscape Architecture David Kovacic Laura Lawson D. Fairchild Ruggles Jerry Soesbe 

CONTRIBUTORS Penelope Dean Penelope Dean is assistant professor of architecture at the University of Illinois at Chicago. She has served as an editor for the Berlage Institute’s hunch magazine and as editorial consultant for Content, Crib Sheets, and KM3. Her writings have appeared in Log,Trans, Archis, Architectural Record, and Praxis and she has taught design and theory at The Ohio State University, the Bauhaus Dessau, and the Rietveld Academy, Amsterdam. Dean is completing a PhD in Critical Studies of Architectural Culture at UCLA which asserts that a generalized design production has assumed the obligations of the more traditional discipline of architecture.

Douglas M. Johnston Doug Johnston is Professor and Chair of the Departments of Landscape Architecture and Community and Regional Planning at Iowa State University. Previously, he held multiple appointments as Professor of Landscape Architecture, Senior Research Scientist for the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, and Adjunct Professor of Geography at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, where he directed the Geographic Modeling Systems Lab. His research is in land resource planning, geographic information systems, environmental systems analysis, decision analysis, water resources management, and computer applications.

Dan Purciarello Dan Purciarello was Visiting Practitioner in the Department of Landscape Architecture in Spring 2007. He is an alumnus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dan worked for thirty years as a landscape architect for the Chicago Park District, where he served in various capacities, including Director of Conservatories, Senior Project Manager and Deputy Director of Planning and Development. Dan has managed many Chicago Park District design projects, including the Alfred Caldwell Lily Pool renovation and the development of Ping Tom Memorial Park. Dan is now an independent landscape architectural consultant, who also serves on the board of the Lincoln Park Conservancy.

Brent D. Ryan Brent D. Ryan is Assistant Professor of Urban Planning at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design. Previously, Brent served as an Assistant Professor of Urban Planning and Policy at UIC and as Co-director of the UIC

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City Design Center in the College of Architecture and the Arts. He is a certified urban planner who has worked at the New York City Department of City Planning and in the Boston metropolitan area. He is completing a book entitled “The Suburbanization of the Inner City: Urban Housing and the Rural Ideal.”

Susanne Schnell Susanne Schnell is a research assistant professor of urban planning and design with the UIC City Design Center. Susanne is also a management consultant specializing in cultural and historic heritage initiatives. She served as senior manager of economic development for the Civic Committee where she launched several public-private initiatives in the areas of community-based planning, housing preservation, inner-city business development, and workforce development. She was also a senior consultant with the Civic Consulting Alliance. Previously in Washington DC, Susanne was assistant director of a national coalition of financial institutions that promotes reinvestment in underserved urban markets.

Dave L. Walker As an Urban Designer and Associate Architect, Dave works on architectural design, master plans, urban design plans, conceptual design and design guidelines both nationally and internationally. He is currently directing the Urban Design Studio for RTKL Assoc. in Chicago, Illinois. His experience also includes economic / community development, and volunteer efforts which expose kids to the design professions. Along with his professional career as an Associate Architect and Urban Designer, Dave also serves as an adjunct professor with UIC and runs various studios geared around urban design and architecture.

Jim Wescoat Jim Wescoat is Professor and Head of the Department of Landscape Architecture at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. As a former resident of the Hyde Park neighborhood, he has a longstanding interest in Chicago. His research focuses on water in environmental design, both in historic gardens of South Asia and modern cities in the U.S. He is a member of the National Research Council’s Water Science and Technology Board, and a winner of the Rome Prize Fellowship in Landscape Architecture.

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