Daniel Bennett Portfolio

Daniel Bennett - Academic Portfolio Stage Three Weaving in Wallsend B8014418

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Contents Page

Red hexagon symbolises work completed post-synthesis review

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Illustrated Reflective Diary

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Cultural Biography

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Framing

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Atlas of Commons

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Rituals of Civic Life

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Introducing the Site

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Thematic Case Study

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Wallsend Forum Study

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Site Intentions

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Thinking Through Making

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Ethical Declaration

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Testing

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Testing Introduction

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Initial Ideas

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Retrofit

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Synthesis

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Master planning

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General Arangement Drawings

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1:20 Detail Section

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Glazing System Introduction

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Building Technical Performance

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Final Drawings and Renders

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Figures Listed

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Appendix

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Illustrated Reflective Diary Fron the outset this year has been very different from previous years, working remotely has not only been challenging but has also presented opportunities to learn new ways to design and to represent those design decisions.

Presenting using softwares such as Miro forced new types of representation, that while often very different to previous years, were no less fulfilling. While working at home has been frustrating at times, I feel as though the year as a whole has prepared me well for the future.

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From the outset of framing there was a real emphasis on studio culture, for example as a result of regular meetings and feedback sessions over zoom, I felt as though both myself and the studio developed a rich base of case study drawings from which we were able to take inspiration into further parts of the project.

One of my main concerns coming into this year was that working remotely may reduce the amount of different media and methods used in design but the consistent reviewing of other students work allowed me to still learn from others in a similar way that I would have done pre-covid. As many of the design decisions I would be making were based on adapting the existing infrastructure it was important for me to get a really good understanding of how the building is used in its current form so that I could ensure the new spaces I was looking to create would be of use to the community.

The testing phase of the project was a bit of a learning curve for me, in previous years I had felt as though often my design projects were a bit ‘safe’ and hence wanted to try and be slightly bolder however I felt as though this lead me down a rabbit hole and meant I lost sight of some of the studio specific criteria. While I think this has helped me a lot in terms of arriving at my final design, at the time it felt as though it was big setback.

However once again a big part of me being able to learn from this was the ability to view other students work and learn from how others had interpreted the brief to form my own specific brief which in turn helped me to use the work I had already done as well as some new ideas. This meant I felt as though I came into Synthesis with a strong base of work.

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Lots of my design decisions were very much informed by the ARC3013 module, with my project having a particular emphasis on retrofit and internal restructuring, the technology side of design was obviously very important. In setting parameters within the existing structure, I was able to make strategic design decisions that would not only be feasible within the existing infrastructure but also hopefully would improve the space as well.

Thinking though making was one area that I would have done differently, at the time my design program was centered around a cultural Centre and using creative methods to illustrated famous cultural exports from Wallsend seemed as though it was a good idea. However, I feel as though I learnt a lot from the project it didn’t directly slot into my synthesis drawings the way I might have liked.

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In the Synthesis part of the project, I felt as though it was important to reflect my design decisions in a way that would justify my choice to retrofit this building, this would not only help me justify the choice to change this building, but would also help me justify the decision to not knock the building down and start again. To do this I used the 1:20 detail in particular to show how I had designed in a way that would allow for me make the most of the concrete frame that is in place while also changing the façade and adding new entrances and void spaces. In previous years a big part of my representation was often done in the form of models, particularly at the start of Stage Two I would often make new models weekly to demonstrate my ideas in a 3D form. While this level of model making has not been possible this year I have still been able to use some of the workshop services, including in first semester while making my site model, as well as access for my thinking through making piece. The change in ways of working has, however, encouraged me to pick up new ways of working such as Photoshop, Revit and Vray, skills which otherwise I may not have learnt in such depth.

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Cultural Bibliography

One of the events I attended this year was the “RIBA Future Architects - Conversations with Practice” event 18-02-21, this event was set up as an informal conversation between local architects, in particular about their experience of working through covid. It was interesting to hear how those working in practice were using software's such as Microsoft teams and Miro to continue operating in a ‘Studio environment’. Almost all of the professionals involved had also produced their own ways of being able to quickly and visually communicate their ideas remotely, including scanned sketches, zoom plug-in software's and even sketches shared over the zoom camera. I have tried to take some of these methods into the design project at university.

Another event I took a lot from was the ID architecture talk on Barrow House 03-03-21, in this talk the architects of barrow house talked through how their design process as well as speaking about how they delivered the project and some of the issues they faced. It was very interesting to hear specifically about how they dealt with issues around the planning permission as the development was on a protected site.

Similarly to the future architects talk, it was also very interesting to hear how they had managed to carry on working through covid.

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Figure 1 - Barrow house photo

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Figure 2 - Atlas of Commons

Figure 3 - Atlas of Commons

Figure 4 - Atlas of Commons

Figure 5 - Atlas of Commons

Figure 6 - Atlas of Commons

Figure 7 - Atlas of Commons

Figure 8 - Atlas of Commons

Figure 9 - Atlas of Commons

Figure 10 - Atlas of Commons

Framing Atlas of Commons Studio Groupwork As a Studio we all had different takes on what it means to design and use an Urban Commons, to show these different takes on the subject we all designed a celebration piece to demonstrate the key characteristics of our individually chosen Common. Each take was slightly different and each one draws on a slightly different quality of these spaces. Some, for example, focus more on the way in which users inhabit spaces on a much smaller scale, others focus on how large groups of people could simultaneously use the space.

A few of the pieces opposite were of particular use during the synthesis part of the project, an example of this is the Urban Village Project which demonstrated how affordability could be achieved while also improving the quality of certain spaces. Another example of how the Atlas of commons helped in my design is the Story Pod, which quite clearly shows how by using natural materials and lots of green space you can attract users in an urban environment.

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Fig. 11

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LocHal Tilburg Library Fig. 13

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In order to help with my own design plans I studied LocHal Library, a large flexible library designed within an old workshop. The building clearly uses circulation as a focal point within its programming, by using large staircases as both means for circulation as well as inhabitation the building forces users to travel up the building. This encourages the public to make use of the buildings facilities, as well as allowing for large spaces that can be used differently depending on the users needs and time of day.

Figure 11 - Lochal Interior Photo Figure 12 - Lochal Exterior Photo Figure 13 - Lochal Entrance Photo Figure 14 - Lochal Stairwell Photo Figure 15 - Lochal Exterior hidden catilever Photo Figure 16 - Lochal Rear Stairwell Photo Fig. 15

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In these images I have aimed to show the vertical circulation and how the architects have designed with circulation as a key concept. Not only is Lochal a project that has very similar program to that of the one I would be taking on in Wallsend but it also used much of the same materiality. As such producing these drawings was a very useful task in informing my own design decisions.

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Figure 17 - Rituals of Civic Life

Figure 18 - Rituals of Civic Life

Figure 19 - Rituals of Civic Life

Figure 20 - Rituals of Civic Life

Figure 21 - Rituals of Civic Life

Figure 22 - Rituals of Civic Life

Figure 23 - Rituals of Civic Life

Figure 24 - Rituals of Civic Life

Figure 25 - Rituals of Civic Life

Rituals of Civic Life

As part of the framing phases our studio was asked to look at different scenarios within which an urban common could be established, some of the studio responses (on the facing page) included pubs, parks and supermarkets, with each of the responses focusing on a slightly different aspect of how the space is used by the community.

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Rituals of Civic Life Sweden GP design program

To help with my programming I studied a scheme in Sweden whereby the local GP centres would be adapted to include all sorts of other services to do with mental health and wellbeing. While never put into practice the schemes approach was adopted in other countries. Many of the ideas around appropriate material use and plan layouts are also used in Sweden currently.

This helped me in terms of thinking about my own program and how adaptablility can be used to not only prolong a buildings lifespan but also help the users in the short term. It was also useful to visualise the schemes choice of materials, as these had been specifically chosen to provide the building with a soft finish accessble to all.

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Wallsend - A Town in Transition Wider Site Context Fig. 29

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From the early stages of site analysis it was clear that the town of Wallsend is a very proud one, the town’s heritage in the shipbuilding industry was always something that had to remain as part of the thinking when designing for the area. While the proposal site is located towards the town centre and a distance away from the Tyne, the importance of providing a subtle yet effective style of architecture that suits its surroundings is no less required.

Much of the Architecture in this area is two-storey residential infrastructure with there being only a few buildings rule, they are often at the heart of the community that they serve, such as the Wallsend Community First Centre and the Wallsend Town Hall.

Figure 27 - Wallsend Street Photo Figure 28 - Wallsend Dock Photo Figure 29 - Wallsend Dock Worker Photo Figure 30 - Wallsend Dock Photo Figure 31 - Wallsend crane Dock Photo Figure 32 - Wallsend Dock Photo Fig. 31

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Figure 33 - Wallsend Boat photo

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Public External space Private ownership

Parking + public space

Wallsend Forum Internal

Wallsend Forum External

Residential

Figure 37 - Forum Sun study

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Figure 38 - Forum wind study

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Figure 39 - Forum Infrastructure study

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At this stage of the project our studio split into groups so that we could study Wallsend in more detail, with groups focusing on one of the following, Ecology, Social and Economic, Urban and Physical, Historic and Material. This meant as we moved into the testing and synthesis parts of the project, we had a really broad base of knowledge about the site and its context. On the following pages I have coded the drawings with letters as to make it easy to follow.

A – Despite Wallsend being a relatively urban environment one of its key green spaces is Richardson Dees Park, being relatively close by to the site means there is opportunity of some sort of link and to possibly expand on the greenery of the area B – Drawing B shows the park in section, showing some of the existing amenities

Richardson Dees Park 1:1000 Nature

C – In this diagram there is more of a focus upon the specific site, with this drawing showing the sun paths over the top of the Wallsend forum, this study made it clear that during the design process it would be important to avoid blocking the light onto the residential buildings to the north as much as possible.

Leisure

Figure 35 - Richardson Dees Park Site plan

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D – This diagram shows the wind study of the area, similarly to C it would be important later down the line specifically during the testing phase whereby it could be used to help make and justify design decisions.

E – E shows the surrounding infrastructure in Wallsend, one of the most important factors to consider in this diagram is the proximity of residential buildings to the forum. At present the forum offers little to soften the transition between commercial and residential, this was something I particularly wanted to address.

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Figure 36of- Selected Richardson Dees Park Site Section Close-up Section (Richardson Dees Park) *not to scale

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Figure 40 - Forum Transport study

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F – Wallsend is very close to Newcastle city centre and though link such as the metro system and local bus services is well connected. On this diagram it is clear to see how the forum site acts as almost the centre of the community. Being the only shopping centre in the area and surrounded by housing it seems important that this building has a good connection to the community it serves.

G – G shows some of the nearby community serving buildings.

H – H shows some key moments throughout the history of Wallsend, it is clear to anyone who visits that this is a very proud town that has a strong connection to its ship building past.

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Figure 41 - Wallsend Attractions

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Figure 42 - Historic building survey

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I – This image is a view taken from the site model J – Taken from the same model as I, these sections show some key points along the site.

K – This diagram was particularly useful in determining possible material finishes, from the outset removing the white render finish from the site was important, but equally as important was replacing it with something much more considerate of its surroundings and these materials provided a good start point for that process.

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Figure 43 - Site Model

North Site Section

East Site Section

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West Site Section Figure 44 - Site sections

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Figure 45 - Wallsend Historic building survey

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Thematic Case Study FRAC - Lacaton Vassal A Building of a similar scale to that of the one I would be carrying out, FRAC is a building with retrofit at its heart. Lacaton and Vassal used an existing engine shed to create a large gallery space, and mirrored the form to create a new extension within which is housed some smaller gallery spaces.

The spaces created here were such a big inspiration for my project as they managed to create contemporary spaces while also celebrating the existing infrastructure.

Figure 46 - FRAC night photo

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Fig. 46

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Figure 47 - FRAC massing study

Group Work Analysis FRAC - Lacaton Vassal

As part of the group work in this section we analysed the technological choices the Architects made to improve the spaces within. One in particular was the deployment of ETFE, a material which, as a group we tried to analyse in the following diagrams.

FRAC Satellite photo

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Figure 48 - FRAC Programing diagram

Figure 50 - FRAC Photo

Figure 51 - FRAC Photo

Figure 52 - FRAC Photo

Figure 53 - FRAC Photo

Figure 54 - FRAC Photo

Figure 55 - FRAC Photo

Figure 56 - FRAC Photo

Figure 57 - FRAC Photo

Figure 49 - FRAC Programing diagram

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ETFE - Section Location 34

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Figure 62 - FRAC massing

Figure 58 - FRAC Photo

Outer steel finish Cap Seal ETFE Membrane (Outer)

Figure 61 - FRAC inhabitation diagram

Figure 63 - FRAC massing

ETFE Membrane (Inner) Base Seal Steel frame

ETFE - Ethylene tetrafluoroethyle

Figure 59 - ETFE Diagram

Weighing around one percent of the equivalent glazing ETFE it is clear why the material is currently so popular especially due to its high re-cyclable potential, with some projects being able to include 100% recycled ETFE although this comes at significant cost. Usually fitted to a lightweight steel frame the plastic coating can last at least 40 years. While in many cases EFTE is an innovative replacement for glass, in the case of FRAC it also holds its own in terms if its insulative properties. While it would seem as though the EFTE bubbles are made up of only 2 sheets (one either side) they are in fact made up of many layers all of which add more heat retention. Pockets of air trapped between these sheets prevent a fast transfer of heat through the building. Generally the primary factor holding back EFTE from more wider mass production is the manufacturing process and more specifically the installation cost.

Figure 60 - FRAC Photo

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The Wallsend Forum

Alongside the proposal site, there is a large existing shopping centre known as the Wallsend Forum. Housing smaller shops along with some larger chain retail units, this building is connected to the Community First Centre however the connection at present is very small and requires users to travel around the back of the main reception. It is clear that the buildings could be much more closely connected.

The building currently serves the community well, allowing for local people to shop for the majority of amenities without leaving Wallsend. It also has a number of smaller retail units that can be let out by smaller local businesses.

One area of the Forum that I think could use some intervention is in the connection to the market place, by relocating one retail unit there could be a larger entrance way which would encourage a larger flow of people into that area of the Forum.

FILM ROUTE THROUGH WALLSEND

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Figure 64 - Film Route

QR code 1

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Figure 65 - Forum Photo

Forum North/East facade

Figure 66 - Forum Photo

Forum North/West facade

Figure 67 - Forum Photo

Forum North/East facade

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Wallsend Community First Centre

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Reasons for site intervention Having had the option of numerous sites coming into the project, I settled upon the community first centre, this was for a number of reasons. The primary reason was that the building felt as though it was under used and the spaces within lacked in spacial quality. The image below shows the interior of the existing building. With the building effectively being a 71m x 42m white box, lots of the spaces towards the centre of the building are very dark and gloomy. And even towards the edges of the building footprint the tiny windows offer little in the way of natural light and ventilation. For such a large building it felt as though it was a wasted opportunity. Another reason for this choice was that having analysed the building I worked out that it already had in place a reinforced concrete frame capable of supporting a retrofit program. This meant I could adapt the existing infrastructure to create better spaces while reducing my impact on the site and the environment.

In terms of planning for a new type of program, Wallsend has lost 3 cinemas in the previous 25 years and as such it seemed as though this was an area in which I could add back to the community. I didnt, however want to add in a way that would be underused, as such I have made the cinema space multi-purpose so that it can be used for other purposes such as book signings and academic talks. The cinema also has a flexible bar/cafe nearby which can be used pre and post screenings.

46Figure 68 - Forum Internal Photo

Initial Programing Diagram

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Gif screenshot showing intial massing

Initial Plan

Broader Site Intentions

As part of my original site response I thought it was important to do something about the stark contrast between the community first centre and the surrounding residential buildings. At present the community first is clad in a bright white render and given its height over nearby buildings feels very much as though it has been dropped into its surroundings with little regard for the context it finds itself in, the drawings opposite show this and show how by changing some of the buildings characteristics I felt as though I could soften this impact.

Firstly by removing the existing facde and then by expanding onto the car park site, the plan was to make the most out of the existing infrastructure whilst also transforming the site into, hopefully, a much more modest yet habitable building.

QR Code 2

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Thinking Through Making The Faces of Wallsend

At the time that I carried out the thinking through making project, my program was based upon a cultural centre, as such the plan was to clad some walls with the faces of famous cultural exports from Wallsend.

The one I focused on was Sting, and decided to use a method of nail art to express this. While the program has since drastically changed I felt as though there was certain aspects I could take from thinking through making, namely with some of the images looking through the nails being used as prototype images for some of the later renders.

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Ethical Project Declaration From the outset of this project I wanted to make sure that I was designing in a way that would have as little impact on the environment as possible while also improving the existing space. Given the existing building has a concrete frame that is more than suitable to support future projects it seemed inevitable that I would end up retrofitting the building as opposed to demolition and rebuild. Given the building has been retrofit previously it viable. It was clear to me that a project whereby I removed all of the existing infrastructure and started over again could've lead to an easier design process however this always felt as though it would be an inappropriate move for not only the site itself but also for the wider context of architectural design profession.

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Project Testing Initial Site Response

In terms of my initial site response it was clear to me from the outset that a retrofit approach could be a adopted, the existing building already has a large concrete frame in place so it seemed important to make use of that as much as possible. My initial approach was to strip back all but the concrete columns leaving a frame to insert pods of varying scales, however after looking into the feasability it became clear that a much less radical standpoint could improve the spaces while also not being too imposing on the local landscape.

Below is a scan-able QR code link to show the GIF i made with some of my initial ideas.

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View from West Elevation - Concrete columns

Plan showing columns only

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Wallsend Culture Centre Section AA

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Perspective view from North Elevation

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Perspective view from South Elevation

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Concrete retrofit changes

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Retrofit Process 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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Exising Community First Centre East Forum Entrance Reinforced Concrete frame New Forum North Entrance Skylights Groundfloor toilets and Cinema plant North Protected stairwell East (Forum exit) Protected Stairwell West Protected Stairwell Exposed Upper Cinema entrance

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Central Void Double height bookcase bridge Structural glass external space Central Void Cinema Central Street East Library Entrance on First Floor Central Street Glazed roof Cinema Roof

Stage 1 - Building closed to the public and existing building cleared internally, all interior tertiary structure elements removed.

9 Stage 5 - Retail units A and B remain as is and Retail unit C is relocated to the underside of the Car park to the West, 1st floor floorplate remains as existing.

Stage 6 - 2nd Floor floorplate is chopped through in numerous locations in order to accomodate space for 2 storey void spaces.

Stage 2 - Facade removed exposing interior frame and floorpads.

Stage 7 - Roof is chopped in a similar fashion to allow light and ventialtion on the first and second floor in the centre of the building.

Stage 3 - Floorpads chopped to open up ‘central street’ as well as removing concrete to make way for cinema and void spaces within the library to the East.

Stage 8 - Phase two begins and cinema sits on top of remaining concrete structure, the cinema is made up of a steel frame.

Stage 4 - In-situ concrete poured to house new protected escape shafts.

Stage 9 - Space above central street is glazed, and building is wrapped in curtain facade and lightweight frosted glass system.

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Program Iteration Throughout the design process there have been many changes made to the program and subsequently the Floor plans.

To start with my intention was to strip back to the original structure and add smaller pods suspended, however after some changes I moved to a strategy of subtraction rather than full removal and then addition. The first set of plans show my first iteration and then moving right I have shown some of my newer plans.

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Proposed site circulation routes

Retail addition and subtraction (relocation)

Site Retail Unit opportunities

Proposal verticle circulation points

Proposed site congregation points (new and old)

Site intervention points

Axonometric primary structure

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Project Synthesis

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Masterplan

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Retail Unit A (Home Bargains) Retail Unit B (Poundland) Protected Circulation core A Forum Retail Unit Removal to open up market route Cinema entrance Community led box office Forum Toilets Relocated Retail Unit C (Iceland) Entrance to Winter Garden/Deck Stairway Winter Garden elevator Protected Circulation Core B Forum East Entrance Forum new North Entrance Forum Retail Unit Relocation Car Park Existing forum retail Units The Ritz Weatherspoons Pub/Grill Residential semi-detached Residential Terrace Trinity Methodist church Market Hall

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Retail Unit A (Home Bargains) Retail Unit B (Poundland) Protected Circulation core A Forum Retail Unit Removal to open up market route Cinema entrance Community led box office Forum Toilets Relocated Retail Unit C (Iceland) Entrance to Winter Garden/Deck Stairway Winter Garden elevator Protected Circulation Core B Forum East Entrance Forum new North Entrance Forum Retail Unit Relocation Car Park

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North External Entrance/Fire escape East External Entrance/Fire escape New entrance for Retail Unit B Pub/Grill

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Plant Room Water Filtration Space Open plan Cafe Open staircase Cinema First floor entrance North Entrance/Wind reducing lobby Sub-divided quiet working spaces Groupwork area Spiral Staircase A Spiral Staircase B Reception Protected Circulation Core A Protected Circulation Core B Bookcases Central Void

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Cinema Access Elevator IT Suite Bar/lunch space East entrance/Deck Winter Garden Deck Garden North Deck Staircase

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Plant Toilets Central Void Bar Area/Overflow cinema seating Exposed Staircase Citizens advice Quiet work space bridge to circulation cores Structural Glass Cantilever workspace Library Void space Protected Circulation Core A Protected Circulation Core B Roof access Bookcases lining windows Cinmea Access Elevator

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North Entrance Bookable desk spaces

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Fire Strategy 74

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1:20 Detail Drawing Given the scheme is heavily reliant on being able to retrofit the existing building, it was important to me that the 1:20 detail could help iron out some of the potential complexities surrounding the addition of new infrastructure. The use of some thermal bridge technology is required as parts of the concrete floor plate will be both within and on the exterior of the buildings thermal line. The use of Schock technology allows these to remain in place as opposed to some of the exterior floor infrastructure having to be replaced. This also allows for the buildings cantilever. Different iterations of this design are on the facing page.

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Section BB

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Section showing secondary steel structure

Frosted Glazing system In order to provide the interior with soft natural light, ideal for reading spaces, it was important to find a façade system that would provide these qualities. The Kunsthaus Bregenz (Peter Zumthor) uses a façade system that uses a lightweight steel frame to suspend frosted glass shingles, these shingles overlap in places. This allows for some spaces to host circulation without having to be fully thermally regulated, allowing some concealed entrance ways.

Model Photograph

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3D model line drawing

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Section showing steel frame

Figure showinf Zumthor Gallery Photo - https://divisare.com/projects/344940-peter-

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Model line drawing overlay

Model Plan

Initial Sketches

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Future Proofing

Before the building was most recently retrofitted it was clad in concrete panels (image below) that during the retrofit process had to be stripped and re clad. Having analysed the previous iterations of this building it was clear to me that in order for this building to be as sustainable as possible for as long as possible, I needed to think of the building further down the line. To avoid this façade system, I have chosen to implement has been designed in a way that can be adapted in the future. At present the façade is made up of frosted glass panels to allow soft light within the library, however as these panels weather they can be easily replaced. This also means, should the buildings program change over time, the panels can be replaced with fully glazed shingles or even opaque panels of varying size to accommodate the buildings new requirements. On the right I have shown how some of these new iterations may look.

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Figure 69 - Community First Centre Historic Photo

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On of the main objectives of the scheme involved the creation of void spaces, at present the building is dark and gloomy with only small openings towards the outside of the building.

In creating these voids the hope is the requirement for artificial lighting will be significantly reduced. The hope is also that while adding a translucent façade the shadow effect of the building on the surrounding buildings will be reduced.

1:200 Section - Proposal without Light and ventilation Intervention

Section AA

Section EE

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1:200 Section - Proposal

Sunlight 3pm January

Sunlight 3pm June

Sunlight 3pm September

Section AA

By opening up a lot of the spaces towards the middle of what was a 45m by 70m block it is possible to significantly reduce the need for mechanical ventilation. While the removal of some floor space could lead to a higher cost per sqaure meter it will also reduce cost as the only spaces that will require significant mechanical ventilation will be the east space of the library and the cinema. Especially above the central street there is a particular emphasis on providing mechanically opening windows that would open in tandem with the central thermostat as well as opening in the case of a fire to increase ventilation.

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Thermal Performance As part of the plan to clad parts of the scheme with frosted glazing panels I have had to take the decision to pull the thermal line of the building back to allow for a solid insulation line, this allows for some entrance ways to be naturally lit while also providing thermally insulated areas closer to the centre of the building that are to be naturally lit by one of the many central voids. On this detail I have shown how the building will make as much use of the current insulation as possible, by inserting Schock thermal breaks in the concrete plates to prevent any thermal bridges, this allows for a consistent thermal line, while also reusing as much of the current infrastructure as possible.

Detail Section BB from 1:20

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Detail Section BB from 1:20

Water Collection As the building has a relatively large footprint 42m x 71m, it was important to me that we could make use of the large roof for rainwater harvesting. As such I have mapped out how the gullies in the roof filter water down into 1 of 2 collection points, both of which drain into a water filter unit housed in the plant room.

Detail Section BB

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Detail Section BB

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Cinema and Bar

As the area of Wallsend has recently lost numerous Cinemas and screening halls it was important to me that while I am reformatting the library, I also had to think about how I could incorporate a shared cinema space.

While the cinema capacity is relatively small at 104 seats, it was important to me that as the cinema would be community lead there was space for people to meet before and after the screenings. As such there is a mezzanine floor with a stocked bar with space for people to congregate, as well as providing as potential overflow during the screening as the balcony looks over the cinema itself. The box office is capable of functioning as a commercial cinema box office, but its primary function is for community lead schemes such as renting out to scout groups, local care homes and homeless shelters, allowing for the community group to make use of the facilities as well as being given the choice of what to screen. As the screening hall has a makeshift stage at the front the plan is also for the area to be used for talks and book signings.

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Section GG

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Community Inhabitation

The next drawings are aimed to demonstrate how the space can be inhabited, it is hoped that the central street will quickly become the main entrance to both the library and the forum from the north. The Library itself will hopefully be a more attractive space then it is at current with lots of spaces next to either a window or at least a planted void space. The two existing retail units will keep all of their existing entrances with retail unit B gaining an entrance off the central street as well as being able to open up a new entrance to the north thanks to the relocation of the buildings plant rooms to within the building envelope. The relocated retail unit C will gain size as well as having a much more accessible entrance from the car park to the West.

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Section FF

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Winter Garden and Deck Garden The winter garden entrance way serves its main purpose as a circulation point from the forum up to the garden deck, however given the infrastructure around uses the same frosted glazing system as the community first centre, it can also be home to some plant life. The stairwell cover, while not heat or weatherproof provides cover and protection from the wind for some of the more delicate plants.

During the day this space will hold some warmth due to its wind protection, and in the evening, it will be lit from the interior providing the exterior view with hints as to what is within. Section DD shows how the steel glazing structure will surround the existing car park, as well as showing the new trench foundations, intended to provide root space for the plants kept within.

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Materiality Study

45 degree perspective taken from North

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Figure 70 - Community First Centre Internal Photo

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Central Street/North Entrance Opening up void spaces and increasing natural light and ventilation in this building has always been a top priority, nowhere is that more evident than here in the ‘central street’.

As the current Forum North entrance is being replaced, this new space not only allows for some tables and chairs for use of those in the forum and the library. In the Evening these spaces can be used as overflow from the cinema and Bar, as well as being used as a waiting area for the cinema.

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Section FF

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Figures Listed All Figures that are not Labled are Authors own

Figure 28 - Wallsend Photo -

https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/history/memories-old-photos-wallsend-inspired-8244353

Figure 29 - Wallsend Photo -

https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/shipbuilding-tyne-gallery-images-tyne-6479979

Figure 30 - Wallsend Photo -

https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/history/memories-old-photos-wallsend-inspired-8244353

Figure 31 - Wallsend Photo -

https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/shipbuilding-tyne-gallery-images-tyne-6479979

Figure 32 - Wallsend Photo -

https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/204773114291110591/

Figure 33 - Wallsend Photo -

https://www.culturematters.org.uk/index.php/arts/visual-art/item/2975-the-last-ships

Figure 34 - Wallsend photo collage - Photos taken by Luca Philo and arranged by author Figure 35 - Richardson Dees Park Site Plan - Weaving in Wallsend Studio

Framing

Figure 36 - Richardson Dees Park Site Section - Weaving in Wallsend Studio

Figure 1 - Barrow House Photo, ID Architects - http://idarchitecture.co.uk/project/barrow-house/ Figure 2 - Atlas of Commons drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Zoe Ingram Figure 3 - Atlas of Commons drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Eloise Litter Figure 4 - Atlas of Commons drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Lorand Nagy Figure 5 - Atlas of Commons drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Luca Philo Figure 6 - Atlas of Commons drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Ben Franklin Figure 7 - Atlas of Commons drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Stella Chuckwu Figure 8 - Atlas of Commons drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Janeen Seah Figure 9 - Atlas of Commons drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Charlie Kay Figure 10 - Atlas of Commons drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Ameerah Pg-Kasmirhan Figure 11 -Lochal Photo 1 - https://www.archdaily.com/909540/lochal-library-mecanoo-plus-civic-architects-plus-braaksma-and-roos-architectenbureau Figure 12 - Lochal Photo - https://www.google.com/search?q=lochal&rlz=1C1CHBF_en-GBGB920GB920&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKhY2Qs9jwAhWaVhUIHdehCAcQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1664&bih=967&dpr=1.5#imgrc=1eHfBC5DdjVTkM

Figure 13 - Locgal Photo - https://www.dezeen.com/awards/2019/winners/lochal-library/ Figure 14 - Lochal Photo - https://www.google.com/search?q=lochal&rlz=1C1CHBF_en-GBGB920GB920&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKhY2Qs9jwAhWaVhUIHdehCAcQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1664&bih=967&dpr=1.5#imgrc=GqymopscTk1oXM

Figure 15 - Lochal Photo - https://www.google.com/search?q=lochal&rlz=1C1CHBF_en-GBGB920GB920&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKhY2Qs9jwAhWaVhUIHdehCAcQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1664&bih=967&dpr=1.5#imgrc=hl3LuVgVH4ALcM

Figure 16 - Lochal Photo - https://www.google.com/search?q=lochal&rlz=1C1CHBF_en-GBGB920GB920&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKhY2Qs9jwAh-

Figure 37 - Wallsend Town Centre Sunlight Study - Weaving in Wallsend Studio Figure 38 - Wallsend Town Centre Wind Study - Weaving in Wallsend Studio Figure 39 - Wallsend Town Centre Infrastrcuture Study - Weaving in Wallsend Studio Figure 40 - Wallsend Town Centre Transport link Study - Weaving in Wallsend Studio Figure 41 - Wallsend Town Centre Attractions Study - Weaving in Wallsend Studio Figure 42 - Wallsend Historic Survey - Weaving in Wallsend Studio Figure 43 - Site Model - Weaving in Wallsend Studio Figure 44 - Site Sections - Weaving in Wallsend Studio Figure 45 - Wallsend Historic building survey - Weaving in Wallsend Studio Figure 46 - FRAC night Photo - https://www.architectural-review.com/today/frac-nord-pas-de-calais-dunkirk-france-lacaton-vassal Figure 47 - FRAC Massing Study - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Jehyun Lee Figure 48 - FRAC Program Diagram - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Jehyun Lee Figure 49 - FRAC Program Diagram - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Jehyun Lee Figure 50 FRAC Photo - https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=61 Figure 51 FRAC Photo - https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=61 Figure 52 FRAC Photo - https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=61 Figure 53 FRAC Photo - https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=61 Figure 54 FRAC Photo - https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=61 Figure 55 FRAC Photo - https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=61

WaVhUIHdehCAcQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1664&bih=967&dpr=1.5#imgrc=1eHfBC5DdjVTkM

Figure 56 FRAC Photo - https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=61

Figure 17 - Rituals of Civic Life drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Chris Hegg

Figure 57 FRAC Photo - https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=61

Figure 18 - Rituals of Civic Life drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Eloise Litter

Figure 58 FRAC Photo - https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=61

Figure 19 - Rituals of Civic Life drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Max Blyth

Figure 59 - ETFE Diagram - https://www.flontex.de/en/etfe-technology

Figure 20 - Rituals of Civic Life drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Milly London

Figure 60 - FRAC Photo - https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=61

Figure 21 - Rituals of Civic Life drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Ameerah Pg-Kasmirhan

Figure 61 - FRAC diagram - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Ben Franklin

Figure 22 - Rituals of Civic Life drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Lorand Nagy

Figure 62 - FRAC Massing diagram - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Jehyun Lee

Figure 23 - Rituals of Civic Life drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Rachel

Figure 63 - FRAC Massing diagram - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Jehyun Lee

Figure 24 - Rituals of Civic Life drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Luca Philo

Figure 64 - Film Route - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Chris Hegg + Max Blyth

Figure 25 - Rituals of Civic Life drawing - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Zoe Ingram

Figure 65 - Forum Photo - https://www.google.com/maps/@54.9918481,-1.5344055,3a,75y,195.82h,85.32t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sukKRVcAjlg_2uQWi05FXA!2e0!7i16384!8i8192

Figure 27 - Wallsend Photo -

Figure 66 - Forum Photo - https://www.google.com/maps/@54.9918481,-1.5344055,3a,75y,195.82h,85.32t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sukKRVcAjlg_2uQWi05FvA!2e0!7i16384!8i8193

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https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/204773114291110591/

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Figure 67 - Forum Photo - https://www.google.com/maps/@54.9918481,-1.5344055,3a,75y,195.82h,85.32t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sukKRVcAjlg_2uQWi05XvA!2e0!7i16384!8i8192 Figure 68 - Forum Internal Photo - https://completelyretail.co.uk/scheme/4834

Testing Figure 69 - Community First Centre historic Photo - https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/whats-on/shopping/gallery/wallsend-forum-shopping-centre-celebrates-12246821

Synthesis Figure 70 - Forum Internal Photo - https://completelyretail.co.uk/scheme/4834

QR Code References QR Code 1 - Wallsend Film - Weaving in Wallsend Studio, Max Blyth + Chris Hegg QR Code 2 - Massing Gif (Authors own) QR Code 3 - Program annimation (Authors Own)

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APPENDIX Sections Located

Unused Photos and Sketches

BB GG

CC

EE AA

FF DD

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