Ella Ashworth Portfolio

ARTHUR’S LODGE

ELLA ASHWORTH STAGE 3 ACADEMIC PORTFOLIO | 180155512 | HOUSE OF MEMORIES BA (Hons) Architecture | Newcastle University | 2020-2021

= NEW WORK

CONTENTS

5

12

49

62

Illustrated Reflective Diary and Cultural Bibliography

Project Framing

Project Testing

Thinking Through Making

67

116

142

148

Project Synthesis

Thematic Case Study Report

Bibliography and Illustration List

Appendix

ILLUSTRATED REFLECTIVE DIARY AND CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

For this project the PCSP will work alongside the client throughout to carry out a new build and refurbishment of an existing building. They will provide the client with pre-approved supply chains and manage multiple contractors using an efficient contract management system (Procure22.nhs.uk, 2021). At the initial stage the PSCP and the client will examine the aims of the scheme and propose activities to educate and train the NHS clients, supply chain staff and advisors. In this project a thorough understanding of the specific needs of dementia is important. Advisors will be necessary, including a Project Director, Project Manager and Cost Consultant (Ostime, 2013, Handbook). They will collaborate with the design team to ensure the project advances alongside the budget and schedule (Chappell and Dunn, 2016).

ILLUSTRATED REFLECTIVE DIARY

User-Centricity as a Theme for Intergenerational Design

The House of Memories studio has challenged me to design with the specific needs of dementia patients in mind and has altered the way I now view the built envrionment around me.

A new empathy has emerged in me as a designer after thorough research into how people with dementia experience spaces. I am now able to subconsiously critique spaces I enter as the requirements for dementia patients are at the forefront of my thoughts. I believe that this will benefit me in the future, as a designer, as I hope to maintain user-centric design principles when participating in architectural projects.

I have enjoyed the relevance of this project with the site being developed in real time, and the current demand for dementia centres across the world. Statistics show that an increasing amount of people are being diagnosed with dementia every year. Hence we should now be incorporating dementia-specific design requirements into more built environments to allow people living dementia to maintain their independence as much as possible. In order to do so we need to utilize envrionmental simulations as design tools throughout projects to enhance the experiences of the users who are very sensitive to environmental qualities, such as light.

These simulations have influenced my design throughout rather than being an after thought (Figures 6 and 8).

The availability of natural light has been of significance throughout the project and has allowed me to develop iterations of designs. I have used Velux Daylight simulations (Figure 8) to determine the suitability of spaces, roofscapes and massings. Enivmet wind speed simulations (Figure 6) have similarly influenced the building, in particular the exterior spaces on the complex, such as, the central courtyard.

Before this year I had struggled with the reasoning behind my design decisions, particularly the architectural languages and styles. This project has allowed me to root every decision within the dementia design principles which has suited the way I like to work. An example of this is how I designed vertical, perforated louvres for the building facade (in Thinking Through Making, Figure 5). As dementia patients are sensitive to harsh light and shadows I decided to design the louvres to introduce dappled light into the building. Furthermore the louvres respond to the studio specific criteria of approaches sustainability and combatting climate change by providing solar shading which reduces heat gain, energy consumption and glare.

This addresses the criteria and therefore I had a clear reasoning and also provided an architectural language which I used throughout the building.

Other modules have kept me on track with the narrative of my building and reminded me of my key aims. In particular, Theory into Pracitice enabled me to really engage with the theme of user-centricity and question whether my building actually encapsulated this for dementia patients (Figure 9). The research I did for this essay indicated to me the value of user-centricity outside the realms of designing for the elderly which I can take with me in the future of design.

Figure 3: Procurement Strategy (Author’s own diagram)

Figure 10: Professional Practice Procurement Strategy

Figure 1: Visiting the site (Robinson, 2020)

Figure 2 (Department of Health, 2015)

Figure 3 (Fleming, Zeisel and Bennett, 2020)

Figure 9: Theory into Practice Title Page

Other consultants Structural Engineer: A structural engineer will be necessary in order to tackle the “structure, support and design stability” from the foundations to the roof (Chappell and Dunn, 2016, p.12). They will need to be present early on in the project to resolve the positioning of timber structural columns which will determine the floor plan arrangement.

Illustrated Reflective Diary and Cultural Bibliography

comparison to traditional procurement methods, it has less potential risks and more value for money (Department of Health, 2017).

The Technology module had a huge impact on the design of my building. From this I realised that the building was not satisfying a number of regulations (Figure 13 and 14). Therefore changes had to be made. Most significantly, the fire strategy (Figure 15) led me to alter my plans and spatial organisation to adhere to escape distances, routes and fire stair regulations.

This module also evolved my envrionmental concepts. The chimneys (Figure 11) I designed in the studio specific section developed a striking architectural language for my building whilst accomodating apects such as, ventilation, drainage, structure and storage. Similarly the 1:20 section (Figure 12) allowed me to progress with structure, services and materiality and reflect on the integrity of environmental aspects such as, the rainwater strategy.

I found this module challenging in terms of resolving the structure due to the varying geometries of my building and my aim to provide open spaces. I had to close off some of the more open spaces to ensure safety measures. These challenges were all heightened by the fact that it is a healthcare building which introduces a number of regulations that I had never had to think of before (Figure 13).

Figure 4: Design narrative

Chimney Occupant circulation space

Occupant circulation space

Figure 5: Thinking Through Making

Figure 6: Envimet Wind Simulation

Storage space

Storage space

Figure 11: Chimneys from ARC3013

Figure 12: 1:20 Section from ARC3013

Professional Practice allowed me to consider the wider implications of my building on the surrounding community. It highlighted the importance of connecting to the context. In addition, working out the logistics of the project, including the roles needed in the procurement strategy (Figure 10), made the project feel more of a reality and therefore more engaging. I realised the duties of architects have major implications on the daily lives of us all as individuals. These duties include creating social interactions and sustainable spaces to combat climate change.

Getting a feel for the site was really important to me and I visited it a number of times (Figure 1). I believe this really helped when designing the landscaping in response to the level changes on the site. I was also able to grasp a sense of what was missing in the area. This led me to decide on a yoga and dance studio for my intergenerational space as an active space appeared to be lacking within the context of the site.

With the site being situated next to the Campus of Ageing and Vitality there was an institutional feel in such proximity to the site. Therefore due to our studio aim of creating a social model of care rather than an institutionalised model, I decided my key narrative would be a “Home away from Home” (Figures 4).

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Figure 7: 3D view inside bedroom pod

Figure 8: Daylight simulation for bedroom pod

Figure 13: (Department of Health, 2015)

Figure 14: (HM Government, 2010)

Figure 15: Fire Strategy from ARC3013

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This year despite Covid I have been able to engage in extra curricular activities which have inspired and informed my design work this year. I have attended a number of lectures specific to designing for dementia. These have included Dr John Richardson who spoke of spatial arrangements in Castleside Impatient Unit (Figure 17). This helped me to consider some of the placements of facilities in my building and certain proximities. I was able to visit Castleside Day Unit (Figure 16) however I could only enter the reception area and external environment. Despite this I was able to get a feel for the building which was very institutionalised. Although this is what I am trying to avoid with my deisgn I could appreciate the services it was providing and the arrangements.

I also attended a lecture by Damian Utton (Figure 19) who provided useful insights into buildings which respond well to dementia and possible challenges that can arise from conflicting requirements. For example, dementia patients need high levels of lighting (300-600 lux) however, this lighting cannot be harsh or create harsh shadows as this disturbs the patients.

My building incorporates an integenerational yoga and dance studio. Yoga has many benefits for all generations, improving wellbeing and mental health. Therefore I thought it would be useful to engage with my theme and try yoga for myself with my father (Figures 21 and 22). I experienced the benefits first hand and I definitely felt calmer afterwards. Physical activity is very important for all and particularly dementia patients who are prone to wandering syndrome. The yoga and dance studio and wandering paths within my building provides an outlet for this need to move.

Figure 16: Castleside Day Unit

Figure 17 (Richardson, 2021) Figure 21: Yoga

Figure 22: Yoga

Lesley Palmer had a similar approach to Damian Utton in her lecture (Figure 20). Palmer went into more detail on the sensory perceptions of the patients and how we could optimise this. This lecture was particularly helpful when designing the bedroom pod as Palmer went into the smaller details within individual rooms.

Illustrated Reflective Diary and Cultural Bibliography

CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Similarly, engagement with the outdoors is necessary for dementia patients.

I have enjoyed spending time outdoors this year. For example, I have been to the beach a number of times (Figure 24) and I have also enjoyed visiting the site in Arthur’s Hill with friends from the studio (Figure 23). Here we took a number of photographs to use for our site analysis. The walk there provided useful insights into the surrounding context and we got to know the area quite well after a few visits. Whenever I am walking around Newcastle I always look out for building construction works as it gives me more of an understanding of the technology of buildings and construction sequences (Figure 25).

For my dissertation I visited the Royal Pavilion in Brighton (Figure 26). This was an enjoyable break from design and was completely different to what I had been working on so far this year. The Pavilion is an example of colonial architecture in Britain and I explored the implications it has in society now. I enjoyed taking lots of photographs and experiencing the building first hand.

Our tutors recommended we watch “Still Alice” (Figure 18) which really opened my eyes to how dementia progresses as a disease and can affect simple day-to-day activities and tasks. It emphasised the stimgas associated with the disease which we, as a studio, are aiming to reduce by avoiding institutionalised models of care.

Figure 23: Visiting the site and taking photos

Figure 24: Visits to the beach

Figure 25: Construction Work

Figure 26: The Royal Pavilion, Brighton

Figure 19 (Utton, 2021)

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Figure 18 (Westmoreland and Glatzer, 2014)

Figure 20 (Palmer, 2021)

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Figure 35

Figure 28

Figure 36

5. St Peter’s Seminary Similarly to my building, St Peter’s Seminary creates a path within its courtyard. The courtyard also provides a view from within the building and there is clearly attention paid to the connection to nature. Likewise my project aims to create views to the outdoors and wandering paths through the courtyard. This is vital for dementia patients in order to give them a sense of independence and freedom.

Wohnheim Sargfabrik BKK-2 Architects Co-Housing Vienna, Austria

Illustrated Reflective Diary and Cultural Bibliography

1. Wohnhelm Sargfabrik This precedent revolves around community activity and promotes interactions between the residents within shared spaces. It is is also made up of public facilities which benefit and engage the surrounding community. This housing therefore draws parallels with my project which promotes intergenerational engagement within the area it is situated.

Figure 27

ST. PETER’S SEMINARY GILLESPIE, KIDD & COIA 5

2. Dawson Heights This case study is similar to Wohnhelm Sargfabrik in the sense that it promotes neighbourly relations with shared spaces. I like how Dawson Heights links to its surroundings with the Ziggurat style having a connection with the Edwardian housing in South London. I tried to do this with my own project in terms of footprints and materiality.

Figure 29

Figure 37

Figure 30 FORM RELATIONS

Relationships within the form of Dawson’s Heights and to other buildings in the local and wider context .

TYPE - AYA MORDAS

Figure 38

CASE STUDY

UNIT

HOUSING IN MULHOUSE

BY LACATON &VASSAL

The architects consideration for the context of the social housing building type is revealed through the large amount of control that is provided to the resident. Often social housing is inflexible in its personal adaptation due to the residents lack of ownership, the architect responds to this by creating the opportunity for this through the buildings structure. The decision to maximise apartment space in a wide, open plan manner gives the resident the power to adapt their space and express their individuality. The creation of identity celebrates the communal aspect of dense neighbourhoods.

figure 7 Diagram showing the performance of ventilation features within a unit.

This desire for control is further exerted through the resident’s ability to control the climate of their aparment through the winter garden and mobile screens. This flexibility provides the opportunity to either ventilate the apartment in warmer conditions or retain heat when colder while also providing the choice for additional interior/exterior space. The design respects its environment in a flexible manner that provides control to the resident and offers them further flexibility in designing the aesthetic of their space. figure 7

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6. Housing in Mulhouse I like how this housing allows for personalisation unlike many other buildings of its type (social housing). It appears this principle was important to the architects from the beginning of the design process as it is the actual sturcture of the building which creates an open and adaptable space. Therefore it was clearly not an after-thought. I have tried to achieve this in my own design by creating a basic bedroom layout for the dementia patients so that there is an opportunity for them to add their identity to it.

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Thematic Case Study Kate Macintosh East Dulwich London

figure 9

3. Terrassenhaus This case study has an interesting approach to the infiltration of daylight into the building. There is a polyethylene curtain on the facade which disperses light evenly into the building. The material is reflective which means that light can reach a wider area of spaces. Evenly lit spaces are very important in my design as dementia patients are very sensitive to light. This precedent could therefore provide some inspiration for a natural lighting strategy in my building.

Figure 31

Figures 8, 9 & 10: Images showing how furniture is used to define thresholds within each unique apartment.

STAGE 3 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN | 9

8 | CASE STUDY | Joungho

Figure 39

Figure 32

Terrassenhaus

Figure 40

7. Frac Dunkirk This project has user-centric design which is a key aim in my studio. This approach to user-centricity includes the building fabric which is made up of transparent and translucent materials. It allows for the users to enagage with the space and also the surroundings which are visible from the building.

USER

USER-CENTRIC DESIGN

LIGHT ANALYSIS The front facade of the Terrassenhaus is south facing enabling light to enter throughout the building at all times during the day. With windows only on the south and north sides of the buildings, this directs the light smoothly throughout the building.

INTRODUCTION The project repaired and extended an industrail space to contain an art gallery. It creates an ambitious public resource, of flexible capacity, which allows work at several scales from everyday exhibitions to large-scale artistic events The new building was constructed by translucent and transparent

FRAC DUNKIRK LACATON AND VASSAL DUNKIRK, FRANCE GROUP 1 SHUJAAT AFZAL EMILY DUCKER ADA DING NATALIA STASIK JACOB BOWELL

Since there are no west and east facing windows, the floor to ceiling windows south facing facade creates maximum access for light to effectively fill the interior space. This creates a much more inviting and pleasant environment to be in when visiting the building.

1 View 1

materials, linking visitors to the harbor outside. The transparency of the skin also allows to see the background vision of the opaque volume of the artwork’s reserves. The intersecting layers and openings encourage people to interpret with space.

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USER AND THE FABRIC The whole building is open and bright. When visitors stand closed to the fabric, they can feel the outside temperature immediately.

Alongside this, the polyethylene curtain dresses the building creates a reflective material for the light to bounce off. This not only will filtrate light from being too harsh on the south side but will also reflect the light in order for it to reach spaces within the building that would not have had much access to light prior.

View 2

"Under a light and bioclimatic envelope, a prefabricated and efficient structure determines free, flexible and evolutionary platforms, with few constraints, fit to the needs of the program," said the architects. "The transparency of the skin allows to see the background vision of the opaque volume of the artworks reserves."

View 3

Brandlhuber+ Edme, Burlon and Muck Petzet Architekten Berlin 2018

City Ruins ARC 3001 2020-21

Figure 33

Figure 41

Figure 34 Sergison Bates Case Study Urban Housing Vienna, Austria 2013

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Bethany Rungay

Translucency and Transparency Diagram

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Figure 42

SITE

Neighbourhood Scale

Oak Shutter Detail Another detail that allows the building to express itself as a piece of furniture was the solid oak shutters which cover the doors along the facade and can be opened and closed like the draws of a cupboard. Each room inside the apartment has doors which open onto the facade, providing a view of the garden when the oak shutters are open.

Benoit Rawlings

Facade elevation 1:200 with shutters open

Site Appartment Blocks Offices Hotel Education

Figure 3 : Neighbourhood Plan

Studio 1 A Manifesto for Housing Thomas Adams Alexander McCall Samuel Hare Eleanor Jarah Dawei Zhao

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The site is situated in a high density area surrounded by other apartment blocks and offices. Although the neighbourhood may be seen as dense, the spaces between the building allows for comfortable movement.

The building is positioned near other apartment blocks and green spaces are intergrated between the different appartment blocks and streets to provide spaces for the local community to use. There is also a park located very close to the site which allows for residents to have access to green spaces and especially allows families to make use of this space when entertaining their children. This is particularly important as the apartments only have a small balcony area, so being close to a large green space allows for plenty of opportunities for children to play.

11 Hebelstrasse Apartment Along A Party Wall Herzog & de Meuron Thematic Housing Typology

Facade elevation 1:200 with shutters closed

Isobel Prosser, Benoit Rawlings, Jiwoo Kim Philip Russell, Hana Baraka

Figure 8

Figure 7

Studio Specific Criteria

4. Sergison Bates Urban Housing I enjoy how this building sits within its context, surrounded by green spaces which promotes outdoor activity. This compensates for the small balconies the apartments have. The building also appears to reflect the urban grid. I am trying to achieve this accessibility to green areas within my own project with a central courtyard that penetrates my building.

Q2: How does the case study relate to the Studio Specific Criteria .02?

- Detailed resolution and communication of tectonic language

8. Frac Dunkirk I enjoy the solar shading shutters of this building. For Thinking Through Making I looked into external shading therefore this example is interesting to compare my own shading to. I like how the shutters are kinetic and can respond to the needs of the user and the environment. They also provide views of the garden. This is what I aimed to achieve with the louvres I designed as dementia patients can be very sensitive to these building elements. Therfore the fact that shading can move is very important. Also a key principle for dementia design is being able to see and be seen. Therefore these shutters could be suitable for a dementia centre.

Figure 4: Green spaces close to site

CONTEXT - Sam Hare 5

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Project Framing

UNDERSTANDING DEMENTIA

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Impairment of Reasoning

Impairment of Memory

- Challenging to remember new information given to them - Not always able to recognise family and friends - Forgetting simple things (eg. object names)

The Framing stage allowed us to gain knowledge about dementia which, previously, I did not know much about. We read a number of publications and attended lectures based around designing for dementia. This was a key starting point for us to develop narratives and declarations to incorporate into our designs. My personal narrative is a “Home Away From Home”. Dance and yoga arose as beneficial activities, for dementia patients, during the research stage. Following initial in depth research we went on to design at a micro scale with residential bedroom pods for the patients with mid to severe symptoms of dementia. This was an unusual starting point for me as in the past I had always begun the design process with the macro site context. Nonetheless, the pod design revolved around my narrative of a “Home” and followed key design principles discovered at the research stage. We focused on light, shadow and materiality and started to use Velux Daylight Simulations to help with this and we went on to use this software throughout the project to guide iterations of our designs. This was my favourite phase in the design process as I enjoyed the detail we went into with the bedroom pods which had clear links to the dementia design principles. Towards the end of Framing we began site analysis and I was able to visit the site which was very helpful in order to gage how the bedroom pod could link the urban context.

To end Framing we produced initial programming and massing ideas for our building. We also solidified our project declarations; mine being a “Home Away From Home” with an intergenerational yoga and dance studio.

Increased Stress Levels

- Unfamiliar environments can cause distress - Not recognising people can cause anxiety - Unable to determine or adapt to what is going on around them

- Challenges with working things out

- Unable to use new designs of existing objects - Difficulties with money handling

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Symptoms of Dementia

Impairment of Learning

- Unable to learn or remember names or objects - Frequent questioning due to forgetfulness - Difficulties learning how to use new objects

Reduced capacity to deal with age-related changes

- Forgetting to use prosthetics - Forgetting to eat and drink - Disregarding keeping their house warm

PROJECT FRAMING (Dementia Services Development Centre, 2012)

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

DEMENTIA STATISTICS

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

NEWCASTLE 540 per 100,000 population in New-

castle had dementia in 2012 (Public Health England, 2013)

STUDIO THEMES

DEMENTIA

13.7% in number of recorded cases

with a diagnosis of dementia between 2006/07 and 2011/12 in Newcastle (Public Health England, 2013)

Newcastle upon Tyne

UK

80+ age group: 1 in 6

with dementia <65: 42,000+ with dementia (Alzheimer’s Society, 2020)

(Alzheimer’s Association, 2021)

WORLDWIDE

(Alzheimer’s Society, 2020)

In 2018 1.56% of the total population in the UK had dementia and predicted to to

2.67% by 2050 (Alzheimer’s Europe, 2020)

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Dementia is the umbrella term that covers 4 types of diseases where Alzheimer’s is the most common type

User-Centric Design:

Understanding design from a patient’s point of view

Slowing Down of Symptoms with Architectural Design

Architectural Programmes promoting intergenerational engagement: a

social model of care versus a medical model of care

Designing for People Sensitive to Environmental Changes

7.7 million people

diagnosed with dementia each year

46.8 million people

affected by dementia

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

DESIGN FRAMEWORK

Project Framing

Project Framing

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Unobtrusively reduce risks Design in response to vision for way of life

Provide a human scale

Allow people to see and be seen

Link to the community

USER CENTRIC Provide opportunities to be alone or with others

Reduce unhelpful stimulation

Create a familiar place

Optimise helpful stimulation

Support movement and engagement

Fleming-Bennet Design Principles (Fleming, Zeisel and Bennet, 2020)

Exit controls

Independence support

Figure 43: (Department of Health, 2015)

Research - World Alzheimer Report - Scientific Studies - Designing for Dementia

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Government Regulations - Approved Documents B, K, M - Health Building Notes - Health Technical Memorandums

Environmental Simulations - Envimet - Velux Daylight Visualizer

Precedent Studies - De Hogeweyk, Weesp, Netherlands - Roker and Mowbray, Sunderland, UK

Walking paths

(Figure 44: Fleming, Zeisel and Bennett, 2020)

The Department of Health Report has provided guidance for creating a built environment which satisfies the needs of dementia patients. It includes information on suitable colours, textures and building layouts which has influenced my design.

The World Alzheimer Report highlights the specific needs of a dementia sufferer in terms of architectural design. This has been a guide for me throughout the design process. Specifically, the principles shown on the right influenced the majority of my design decisions. They also led my case study report.

Sensory comprehension

USER CENTRIC

Homelikeness

Common spaces

Unit privacy

Outdoor areas

John Zeisel Design Elements (Fleming, Zeisel and Bennet, 2020)

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Project Framing

PROJECT DECLARATION Function

Home Away From Home Avoiding any institutionalised feelings with a manageable scale for the patients This encourages relationships to form, a better wellbeing and more engagement

Dementia Centre for those with mid to severe dementia symptoms Dementia Village (massing of bungalows) for higher functioning dementia patients 16 residents (8 men and 8 women with bedroom pods segregated) Carers support the patients whilst giving them as much independence as possible

Facilities

Intergenerational dance and yoga studio

Location

Arthur’s Hill, Newcastle upon Tyne Next to Newcastle University’s Campus for Ageing and Vitality

Residential bedrooms and communal areas Internal wandering path Outdoor space with a wandering path

Connection to the Outdoors

Intergenerational Engagement

Visual access to the outdoors for the patients as much as possible

Interaction with other generations encourages participation in activities and therefore improves patient wellbeing and mental health

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Accessible and engaging outdoor area to support health and wellbeing

PERSONAL DESIGN THEME

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

PROJECT DECLARATION

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Line of Enquiry and Central Themes Following extensive research into dementia and related behavioural tendencies I was able to determine specific themes to implement in the project. These include:

1. Enhancing and adapting environmental qualities to create a comfortable environment for the dementia patients

There is a clear connection between dementia and how patients perceive the environments they are surrounded by. Therefore

I will be considering environmental aspects in depth with the use of simulations and shading studies. This will enable me to create optimum living conditions for the patients. Furthermore sustainable strategies including renewable energy generation and material reduction will be adopted in an aim to set an example for combatting climate change.

(The Women’s Alzheimer’s Movement, 2021)

2. A link between the internal and external environments This is important in terms of the Fleming-Bennet principle to “allow people to see and be seen” (Fleming, Zeisel and Bennett, 2020). It is important the patients have visual and physical access to the outdoors in order to engage with their environment,

others and improve their wellbeing. It also will give the patients a sense of freedom and independence without feeling trapped indoors. Often institutionalised environments disregard this key theme.

(The Minded Institute, 2021)

3. Intergenerational engagement within a yoga and dance studio and a cafe This aims to reduce any stigmas associated with the disease which can often make the patients very isolated. By incorporating

accessible spaces for the public, there are opportunities for the patients to engage with other generations and connect with the rest of the community.

4. Avoiding any sense of institutionalisation with a social model of care (for example: the intergenerational space and central outdoor area create a engaging atmosphere)

As these patients with dementia are moving from their homes into the centre, it is essential to keep a sense of home within the centre to make the process smoother. It is important to maintain an individual’s sense of identity and familiarity by deisgning a homely environment.

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(The Minded Institute, 2021)

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

FRAMING DECLARATION - THE BEDROOM POD

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Amenities User

A bedroom with an ensuite

The dementia patients with mid to severe symptoms are the primary user

A sofa bed for visitors

Family members are able to stay over if they wish

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Quantity 16 bedroom pods - 8 male and 8 female

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Although each pod has the same design I will incorporate personal features specific to the user to create a home away from home

As part of the Project Framing we began by designing at a micro scale with the bedroom pod which would be incorporated into the macro scale at a later stage.

My bedroom pods will be accessible for wheelchair users and more mobile users. I also want to design a space which allows family members to stay over.

The patients reside in these pods for around 10 weeks therefore the pods are designed the same but their interiors have the potential to be personalised.

I am also aiming to have access to the outdoors from each pod. With all this in mind I will be linking it back to my theme of a “Home Away from Home”.

INITIAL IDEAS

I began with standard bedroom and ensuite dimensions for wheelchair users and then sketched out ideas for the placement of different elements within the room. This included a hospital bed, bedside tables, a sofa bed for visitors, storage, a TV, a table, a window seat, an en-suite and a memory box at the entrance to enable the patient to distinguish their room.

I decided to include a TV in the room as in the World Alzheimer Report it is stated that televisions are often the most valued item for dementia patients as they remind them of home (Fleming, Zeisel and Bennett, 2020).

I decided to have a window seat in my bedroom pod to provide a private, comfortable alcove for a dementia patient with views to the outdoors which is important in terms of the Fleming-Bennet principle of allowing people to see and be seen (Fleming, Zeisel and Bennett, 2020).

I also designed with key lines of sight in mind. It is essential for patients to see the toilet, entrance, outdoors and TV from the bedhead as they provide cues, for example, seeing the toilet reminds them to go. Therefore I had to carefully consider these arrangements in the room. In order to view the entrance with ease I made on of the walls of the en-suite angled.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

INITIAL IDEAS

These drawings show the iterations of my pod design. I tried out different arrangements and ultimately decided on the plan which introduced the most daylight into the pod which I determined with the Velux Daylight simulations. With each iteration I was most concerned with maintaining lines of vision and avoiding any glare over the TV.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

1. Footprint taken from an existing building within the immediate context

4. Adding features as the design progresses

FORM DEVELOPMENT

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2. Footprint is protruded to create a three-dimensional form with standard floor to ceiling dimensions

5. Internal walls added as the room is divided into the living / bedroom area and the ensuite

3. Walls are pushed in to create required dimensions for the bedroom pod

6. Wall adapted to suit the needs of dementia patients. Internal wall is angled to create line of vision to the door

SENSORY WALL

Sensory perceptions can create positive stimulations for dementia patients. Therefore I incorporated a sensory wall into the pod to remind them of their identities and engage their cognitive functions. The sketch shows my initial placement of the sensory wall on the angled wall.

However, there is no space to sit and properly engage with this activity. Therefore I ended up moving it to the exterior of the pod. In addition, having the sensory wall in the middle of the pod could be a distraction and an unhelpful stimulation at times. Particularly if it distracted the patient from going to the toilet.

The sensory wall itself includes textures that would be familiar specifically to the patient. For example, if the patient lived most of their life by the sea it would include shells which could remind them of past and fond memories. I also included sensory bags which would also be significant and liked by the particular patient. This would be advised by the patient’s family and friends. There is also a game on the wall to entertain the patient whilst also stimulating the brain. Although it looks simple to a healthy person, it could positively challenge a dementia patient.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Pod Iteration 1 (South Facing)

North Facing Pod

Pod Iteration 3 (South Facing)

21st June, 12PM

21st June, 12PM

21st December, 12PM

21st December, 12PM

DAYLIGHT SIMULATIONS

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Pod Iteration 2 (South Facing)

In order to determine which bedroom pod iteration would be most suitable I did some Velux Daylight simulations. I was aiming to create an even distribution of natural light and high lux levels, between 300 and 600 lux. Dementia patients require these high lux levels. For living areas 500-600 lux is recommended as ageing eyes need high daylight levels to distinguish contrasts better. The sleeping pod should be a bit lower than this. However, there can be too much sunlight. This is because harsh light and shadows can be scary, confusing and overstimulating for the patients. Shadows can appear as holes which can be frightening for people with dementia.

From these iterations we can see that the third iteration is the most successful at achieving my aims therefore I decided on this design for the pod. However, there does need to be some engineering of the facade to provide external shading as the bed requires slightly lower illuminance levels. I go on to design external shading which dapples light later on in the portfolio.

East Facing Pod

South Facing Pod

West Facing Pod

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

After deciding on the design of the pod I went on to do more daylight simulations to figure out which direction I should orientate the pod. It appears as though each simulation came out the same, however, on closer inspection there are slight differences. I decided that a south orientation would be the most suitable as it recieves the most daylight, which, as previously mentioned, is incredibly important for dementia patients.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

WC STORAGE

21st June, 12PM

SOFA BED

WINDOW SEAT

TV

DESK

BED

21st December, 12PM

0m 0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1:50

SOUTH FACING BEDROOM POD 30

This is the final plan of the bedroom pod highlighting the lines of vision to the entrance, outdoors, TV and toilet. There is a sofa bed to allow a visitor to stay over. The daylight simulations show high levels of light which are required however I have incorporated shading screens to dapple the light into the pod to control it. Also there is a roof overhang which I go on to design which stops too much light reaching the bed. There are low levels of lighting at the entrance to the room and next to the storage which has the effect of welcoming the patient into the pod as light levels increase.

0m 0.5

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1.5

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BEDROOM POD WITH MATERIALITY

The materiality of the pod is important in terms of contrasts. Dementia patients find it difficult to distinguish objects visually therefore contrasts need to be strong. The materials of the floor change as you move from different spaces to highlight the differing functions. For example, the surface of the en-suite is different to the floor surface in the bedroom. The sections indicate the contrasts in the colours of the walls to also differentiate the functions and elements in the room. The skirting board is important to show where the floor ends and wall begins.

The objects and furnishings in the room contrast to their surroundings to enable the patients to identify them. Most importantly the toilet seat is black to highlight its location.

The sections also indicate the opportunity to personalise the bedroom pods, for example abstract art can be hung on the walls. The art needs to be abstract to prevent the patient trying to grab something they think is real.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

3D VIEW OF BEDROOM POD 32

This highlights my aim to have access to an outdoor area, however, this is resolved slightly differently later on in the portfolio. These views highlight the contrasts in materiality and colours. I chose predominantly red furniture as red is the complimentary colour of green (the wall colour) therefore the furnishings stand out and are easy to identify. These images also show the shading screens which stop any harsh light from entering by creating a dappled effect.

This view shows how the bedroom pods can be personalised. In this case the pod is designed for a patient with interests in horticulture and retro comic books.

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Project Framing

SITE CONTEXT

The site is in Arthur’s Hill in Newcastle upon Tyne. It is situated next to Newcastle University’s Campus for Ageing and Vitality. The site is empty apart from one existing building at the north of the site, which I will use in my design, and a number of trees dotted around.

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

A

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

B

Section A

A

B

Section B

The site has a 2 metre level change at the North which is shown in these sections. This meant that I had to design a ramp for suitable access to the site.

Figure 45: (Google Earth, 2020)

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35

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

0m

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75

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A roads (high levels of noise B roads (moderate levels of noise 0m

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Figure 46: (Google Earth, 2020)

As I began the site analysis what became clear to me is that there is a lack of public activity spaces in the area therefore the intergenerational space in my building will be important for the surrounding community. The surrounding buildings are mainly residential and the Campus for Ageing and Vitality is a large healthcare complex. There are a number of commercial buildings on the other side of the A road from the site. The image at the bottom left shows the A Road just outside the site. This is a busy road and produces a lot of noise that transfers onto the site. The other roads are B roads which are less busy and produce less noise. The site is well connected to public transport with a number of bus stops dotted around the area.

The South of the site gets the most sunlight and the prevailing wind comes predominantly from the South West.

0m

0m

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100

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The bottom right image shows the existing trees on the site. I am aiming to keep as many as possible and the trees I deem necessary to cut down will be replanted elsewhere on the site.

400 1:5000

1:5000 37

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

This site plan shows the materiality around and on the site and the buildings which were demolished recently.

Most of the surrounding buildings are made up of limestone or red brick.

Most of the trees on the site are protected. They are predominantly on the outer edges of the site.

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VIEWS ONTO THE SITE 39

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

MATERIALITY ON THE SITE

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VIEWS AROUND THE SITE

41

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Wellbeing

15m2 Bike Storage

VEHICULAR ACCESS

INITIAL PROGRAMMING IDEAS I decided to group the pods (residential clusters) at the North of the site to provide the opportunity for connections to the existing building. I included the courtyards between the interior areas in order to allow easy access to outdoor areas from many parts of the building.

42

The grocery forms part of the shop front at the North of the site. I placed the family meeting rooms near the entrance to make them accessible to visitors. Storage is near the car park for ease with deliveries. Two staff areas look over the courtyards for surveillance. The consultation rooms and quiet room are central around the courtyard and easy to access from the residential clusters. I placed the activity space by the intergenerational courtyard to create a link between the outdoor and indoor areas.

Car Park

Family meeting rooms Entrance/ Reception

Car Park

Deliveries Car Park

VEHICULAR ACCESS

Developing on the previous massing, the existing building will be a shop front with a library and a cafe. I included two large courtyard spaces as outdoor areas are important. I decided to have one of the staff areas on the first floor in order to allow for passive observation over the courtyard. The family meeting and wellbeing rooms are near the entrance and therefore very accessible for visitors. The entrance protrudes from the buildings to make it a clear entry point.

ly m

eeti

ng area s Ent r a Rec nce ept / ion

Staf f tion obser area va-

e spa

ac

ivity

ces

sp

Act

ity

g F ami

cery

tiv

ein

Gro

Ac

Cou rtya rd

e

We llb

Res i Clu dential ster

rag

Staff Area

Storage

cafe

,

Activity spaces

rary ,

Sto

VEHICULAR ACCESS

Courtyard

Courtyard playground, allotments

. lib

nd

VEHICULAR ACCESS

20m2 Utility/Laundry

20m2 Conferance Room for Staff

Residential Cluster

Res i Clu dential ster

- eg

gr ou

Residential Cluster

15m2 Bike Storage

Grocery

ms

Deliveries car park / overflow

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

re a

Staff Area

yr oo

50m2 entrance/ reception/ waiting room

15m2 per meeting room

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

ilit

15m2 per meeting room

100m2 Storage

Sta ff A

150m2 at 1:500 Staff areas

200m2 Car Park

15m2 per meeting room

p fr ont

Cs

5m2 medication room

20m2 Wellbeing

Sho

Shop front - eg. library, cafe

W

150m2 at 1:500 Staff areas

15m2 Quiet/ Meditation Room

30m2 Public Toilets

Ut

100m2 Storage

15m2 Quiet/ Meditation Room

5m2 medication room

15m2 per consultation/treatment room

Reception for activity spaces

15m2 consultation/treatment room

20m2 Conferance Room for Staff

15m2 per family consultation

200m2 at 1:500 Activity/ function spaces

Co all urty ot me ard nt - pl s ay

50m2 entrance/ reception/ waiting room

30m2 Public Toilets

15m2 family consultation room

300m2 at 1:500 Main courtyard

20m2 Utility/ Laundry

WCs

15m2 per meeting room

20m2 Wellbeing

90m2 Grocery

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

Co tio nsu lta n -Q u ro iet om

200m2 Car Park

15m2 per meeting room

90m2 Grocery

270m2 at 1:500 Residential Cluster

ConsulQuiet room tation

15m2 per meeting room

270m2 at 1:500 Residential Cluster

Staff Area

270m2 at 1:500 Residential Cluster

300m2 at 1:500 Main courtyard

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

Courtyard - for allotments, playground

270m2 at 1:500 Residential Cluster

200m2 at 1:500 Activity/ function spaces

SHOP FRONT - cafe, library etc.

Car Park

The Car Park is towards the South of the site and cars would enter from the A Road and B Road surrounding the site.

From these initial massings I realised that I should have the two storey parts of the complex adjacent to eachother to reduce the number of vertical circulation spaces.

At the North of the site there is public, pedestrian access to the intergenerational activity space (which will be a dance and yoga studio), the courtyard with a playground and allotments and also the shop front. By doing this I am emphasising the importance of the intergenerational link.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Project Framing

INITIAL DESIGN FEATURES SHOP FRONT - Library, cafe etc.

90m2 Grocery

Residential Cluster

Residential Cluster

Pod

Courtyard

Medication room

Food storage

Residential Cluster

Consultation/Treatment room

Quiet Room

Staff conference room

Family meeting room

Connection to public - intergenerational activity space

Staff passive observation on first floor

Pods at north of site - connection to existing buildings (which will be a shop front)

Equipment Storage

150m2 at 1:200 Courtyard

Family meeting room

Family consultation room

Disabled toilet

10m2 Food storage

290m2 at 1:200 Residential Cluster

15m2 consultation/treatment room

Common space?

105m2 at 1:200 Staff areas

50m2 staff conference room

80m2 entrance/ reception/ waiting room 1:200

Car Park

These diagrams indicate my reasons for certain design decisions. The precedents on the left inspired me to insert courtyards between the buildings to create loosely enclosed areas with a sense of security. In addition, they allow more daylight into the interiors. The courtyards will have different activities occuring in them, therefore patients are able to choose which exterior space to spend time in. Below are sketches of ideas for public, intergenerational areas. These include a market space, playground and gardening area.

Staff Area

6m2 medication room

15m2 family consultation room

20m2 Equipment Storage

10m2 Utility/ laundry

10m2 Public Toilets

Wellbeing

Entrance/ Reception/ Waiting Room

Central courtyard - village square feel, easy passive observation and enclosed to provide security and protection from wind

Staff Area

Utility/ laundry

10m2 Quiet Room

290m2 at 1:200 Residential Cluster

Ward manager room

Staff areas

150m2 at 1:200 Activity/ function spaces - yoga/ dance studio

Activity/ function spaces

Public Toilets

Residential Cluster

290m2 at 1:200 Residential Cluster

Courtyard - with playground and allotment

Courtyard

Pod

290m2 at 1:200 Residential Cluster

Grocery

6m2 ward manager room

15m2 family meeting room

15m2 family meeting room

5m2 disabled toilet

20m2 Wellbeing

300m2 Car Park

PRIVATE SPACES

SEMI-PRIVATE SPACES

PUBLIC SPACES

Figure 47

De Hogeweyk Dementia Village MBVDA Architects Completed 2009

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Figure 48

Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen COWI A/S Architects Project year: 2016

PUBLIC VS PRIVATE

I distinguished which spaces were public, which were semi-private and which were public. I then grouped the spaces depending on this so that they were in the vicinity of eachother to make the space easy to comprehend.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Framing

Project Framing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

SHOP FRONT - cafe, library etc.

SHO

P FR

Resid en Clus tial ter

ONT

- libr ary,

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

cafe

Residential Cluster

Resid en Clus tial ter

Resid en Clus tial ter Cou rt

yard

Resid en Clus tial ter

Staff area Food

stora

ge

Cou allot rtyard me play nts and grou nd

Quie t roo m Con sult treat ation/ men t Med icatio room n WCs

Com mo room n

Staff co feran nce Entr a rece nce/ wait ption/ ing ro om

Fam ily confe rance

Staff area

Utilit y/ laun dry

Fam ily ing ro meetoms WC

Residential Cluster

Groc

ery Residential Cluster

Courtyard

Medication room

Ward manager office

Well be

Activity space - yoga/ dance studio

Consultation / treatment

Staff area

Residential Cluster

Quiet Room

Courtyard with playground and allotments

Public toilets

Equip stora ge

RAMPED PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

Grocery

Quiet room

Activ it spac y e yoga danc / e stud io

Food storage

Common room

Staff area

Family Utility/ consulta- laundry tion

Staff conferance room

Entrance / reception / waiting room

Family meeting rooms

Wellbeing

Consultation Medication WCs

Common area

Equipment storage

SCHEDULE OF ACCOMODATION AND MASSING At this stage I had a clearer idea of the specific dimensions for each area. I realised I needed to add in more pods than I previously thought. Therefore I moved the spaces around slightly. However, since I did this massing I realised that the residential clusters cannot be grouped in that manner as there are double loaded corridors which are confusing for dementia patients. I have since changed this massing.

Utility/ laundry

Staff Area

Storage

Staff Area

Storage

WC

Deliveries

AMBULANCE ACCESS

Disabled toilet

ENTRY

Car Park

Deliveries

rk

Family consultation

Car Park

ing

Car Pa

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PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

RAMPED PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

AMBULANCE ACCESS

VEHICULAR ACCESS VEHICULAR ACCESS

Dementia Village 0m

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These plans indicate how I altered the positioning of the residential clusters and moved the common spaces (kitchen, lounge and dining), which were previously within the clusters, to be adjacent to the courtyard areas. I also decided to group four pods together, spread on two floors as I was not able to group all the pods on the ground floor with sufficient amounts of light entering them. All the glazing in the pods is south facing in order to receive as much natural light as possible. The common area is on two floors between the clusters of pods. Therefore it is easily accessible for the patients who will spend most of their time in here.

47

Testing enabled me to try out different iterations of the Dementia Centre and Village. I did this with the use of shading studies and Envimet wind simulations. Due to the conflicting requirements of dementia patients, this was a difficult stage and required numerous iterations. Particularly difficult was maintaining a social model rather than an institutional model which is my key narrative. I primarily did this by avoiding orthogonal layouts and double loaded corridors and instead incorporated curved spaces which allowed for softer finishes. The building programme and adjacencies became very important and we spent a significant amount of time on our floor plans. We started to incorporate the residential bedroom pods at a micro scale into the wider macro scale. In addition, we designed wandering paths and differentiations between public and private spaces to create a space wholly suited to our user. Towards the end of this phase we began on sections, elevations and initial ideas for materiality. This arose challenges due to the varying geometries of my building and the roof was particularly difficult to resolve. Despite this, environmental simulations grounded my ideas within the user-centric theme and I became much more confident utilizing them to develop my design in synthesis.

PROJECT TESTING

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Cafe

Library

Storage Laundry Living Area kitchen, lounge, dining

Plant Grocery room Storage

Pedestrian Access WC

Grocery Shop

Storage

WC

Outdoor areas for pods

Waiting Room WC

WC

Plant Room

Vehicular Access

Quiet room

Bathing Staff rooms room

Wellbeing room

Outdoor areas for pods

Entrance lobby

Reception

Family meeting room

Public access Family meeting/ conferance rooms

Wellbeing Grocery

Family conferance room

Circulation

Circultation Storage

Staff conferance room

WC Staff WC conferance room

Central courtyard

WC Quiet room

Family meeting room

Staff Areas - kitchen, offices, lounge

Bathing room

Private Treatment room

Storage

Disabled parking

Seating areas

Central courtyard

Quiet room

Deliveries

Storage

Private

WC

Vehicular access

Circulation

Activity space (yoga/ dance studio)

WC

Seating areas

Living Area kitchen, lounge, dining

Plant room

Public Access

Living area - kitchen, lounge, dining

Staff area

Reception

Waiting Area Living area - kitchen, lounge, dining

Pedestrian access

Activity space - yoga/ dance studio

Entrance

Treatment room

Ambulance access to treatment room

Bathing rooms

Staff changing / WCs

Quiet Room

Quiet Room

Quiet Room

Car Park

Market Place

Laundry

Pedestrian Access

Storage

Project Testing

Shop front - cafe, library

Project Testing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Outdoor areas for pods

Ambulance Access to treatment room

Car Park Vehicular Access

Deliveries Vehicular access

Vehicular Access

Vehicular access

Activity space

Dementia Village

Staff area

Roof terrace

Quiet room

Storage

Double height entrance area

Roof terrace Living area

Treatment room

Quiet room Bathing rooms

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

DEVELOPING PLANS

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At this point my plans changed quite significantly as I moved the entrance from the south of the site to the west. This was because I wanted to keep the public and private spaces more seperate. Having the entrance just next to the pods did not seem suitable. I did maintain some of my previous design features, including the central courtyard and staff areas on the first floor for surveillance. In addition, I placed the public spaces, which include the intergenerational space and grocery shop, at the north to create a connection to the existing building. I realised that these plans were fairly institutional due to the fact that they are orthogonal, therefore I went on to add more curved spaces.

After considering the sunpaths over the site I decided it would be more suitable to situate the bedroom pods at the south to take advantage of the high levels of light which are needed in the pods. The pods are angled in to mirror the sunpath. I kept the public spaces at the north and the medical treatment room is situated at the east so that ambulances can easily access it from the vehicular area. I placed the living areas around the courtyard for visual access, however, I realised that as they are north facing the light levels would not be sufficient. I moved these spaces in the next iteration. The pods on the ground floor are for female patients whilst the first floor pods are for the male patients. The staff areas are placed in spaces which allow them to surveil the

courtyard area and easily access the bedroom pods. The pods on the first floor are stepped back to create a balcony space for each without overshadowing the pods below. However, this made the circulation space much narrower on the first floor and I went on to change this. The roof terraces allow sunlight into the central courtyard. However, I realised the courtyard was too small and therefore was often overshadowed by the two storey part of the building.

The Dementia Village is located at the south of the site. The outdoor area here mirrors that of the Dementia Centre to create a continuity.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Staff and Deliveries vehicular access

Cafe Laundry

Ambulance vehicular access

Deliveries

Staff/ deliveries parking

Wellbeing

Family WC meeting/ conferWC ance WC rooms

Grocery

Staff entrance

Staff area

Staff conferance room

Activity space - yoga/ dance studio

Pedestrian access up ramp

Stairs

Pedestrian access up ramp

Plant Room

Lobby

Storage

Reception

Project Testing

21st June - 9AM, 12PM, 3PM

Ambulance vehicular access

Project Testing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Public entrance

Waiting Area

Central courtyard

Living area - kitchen, lounge, dining

Treatment room Bathing room

Ambulance access to treatment room

Bathing room

Quiet Room

Public Vehicular access

21st December 9AM, 12PM, 3PM WC

Car Park

Disabled parking spaces

Residents entry to pods

WC WC

Activity space - yoga/ dance studio

Dementia Village Staff area

Double height entry area

Storage

Living area - kitchen, lounge, dining

Treatment room Bathing room

Bathing room

Quiet Room

DEVELOPING PLANS AND MASSING At this point I enlarged the courtyard area to allow more light to enter it. The pods on the first floor are still stepped back. However, it is clear that the circulation behind some of the pods is too narrow, particularly for wheelchair users. I moved the living area to the west in an aim to recieve more natural light. I also made a clearer distinction between the public spaces at the north and the private spaces below. It is clear in these plans that the public and private spaces are divided fairly equally. This led me to reduce the public areas to give more private space to the dementia patients as they are the main users and the whole aim of this project is user-centricity.

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To address the 2 metre level change on the site I designed ramped pedestrian and vehicular access for emergency services. To determine the suitablity of the massing I did some shading studies. I made the majority of the north of the building one storey to prevent the building overshadowing the neighbouring residential buildings and maintain their privacy. However, I did made the intergenerational activity space two storeys as it is an important space for the community. I also started to think about the roofscape. To form a link to the residential buildings at the north, I gave the north part of my building a pitched roof. This was also to allow light to reach the alley behind. For the circulation space I wanted to include high level lighting to ensure high lux levels.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Testing

Project Testing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

TESTING REVIEW

These are the plans I presented at the testing view. I changed the positioning of the first floor pods to make them directly above the ground floor pods. This means that the balcony on the first floor overhangs the ground floor pods. I did some daylight simulations later on in the portfolio which determine if the balcony blocks natural light entering the pods. As the pods are south facing they need some solar shading therefore the balcony did not seem to be an issue for natural light entering the pods.

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To break up the public and private spaces even more and give the patients more space to move around independently, I created a wandering path around the central courtyard.

I added a service kitchen to the ground floor which is required in the building and I did not previously have in my plans. This kitchen is connected to the living area as this is where the patients eat their meals.

On the right is the initial elevation and section. I went on to develop the roofscape but the pitched roof at the north stayed the same to mirror the adjacent existing buildings. The section shows the clear division of spaces with circulation around the courtyard, the pods facing south and the public areas at the north.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Testing

Project Testing

21st June - 9AM, 12PM, 3PM

21st December 9AM, 12PM, 3PM

SHADING STUDIES

These images show that the central courtyard is very overshadowed in winter. This is to be expected but I go on to enlarge the courtyard again and angle the roof into it. The sketch at the bottom left shows ideas for a faceted roof and a pitched roof at the north. I found the roofscape very difficult to resolve due to the varying geometries of my building. This roof seemed to merge altogether without creating any distinctions between spaces. Therefore I went on to significantly change this.

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WANDERING PATHS

As wandering paths are a major necessity in the building, with dementia patients being prone to wandering syndrome, I had to create clear and safe routes with no obstacles. These drawings indicate the paths of the different users. The main internal wandering path for the patients is around the courtyard. Externally there will be a mirrored wandering path in the central courtyard. These paths also show the division between public and private spaces of the building.

The public spaces are at the north east and the patient areas are in the large area of the building at the south. They are also able to use the public areas. There are also clear staff areas and the staff are able to move throughout the building.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Testing

Project Testing

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

TIMBER

BRICK

Figure 49

Maggie’s Centre Oldham - dRMM Architects

ENVIMET SIMULATIONS Alterations due to wind findings B

A

C

A - The entrance is positioned at the East of the site and is sheltered from strong winds by the curved part of the building. It is also slightly pushed back in the facade to avoid stronger winds affecting the approach to the building.

Figure 50

De Hogeweyk Dementia Village MBVDA Architects Completed 2009

B - Staff entrance has comfortable wind levels C - Courtyard is enclosed and sheltered from strong winds D - Outdoor space in front of bedroom pods has comfortable wind levels

D

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INITIAL MATERIALITY IDEAS

In terms of materiality I took inspiration from the surrounding buildings. There are a few buildings with timber cladding around the site and I wanted to incorporate timber into my building as it is a sustainable material. In addition, the Maggie’s Centre in Oldham inspired me to use timber cladding as it appears to create a warm and welcoming environment. I also chose red brick due to the number of buildings in the context that are made up of this material.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Testing

TESTING MIRO BOARD

Figure 51

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Thinking Through Making Figure 52

Figure 53

INITIAL IDEAS AND PRECEDENT THINKING THROUGH MAKING

For Thinking Through Making I decided to explore an external shading device as lighting qualities are extremely important in the dementia centre. Also important are the sustainability strategies for my building. The louvres aim to stop the building from overheating and therefore reduce energy consumption. I explored external vertical louvres which are able to move and provide solar shading. They are perforated to create a dappled light effect in the interior, avoiding any harsh shadows and light. The precedent I looked at was the DLR Robotics and Mechatronics Center designed by Birk Heilmeyer und Frenzel Architekten. I like how the louvres here can move and are semi-transparent. This means that there are no harsh shadows which is important when designing for dementia patients.

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Thinking Through Making

Thinking Through Making

1:20

0m

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This is the model I made for Thinking Through Making. I designed vertical, perforated louvres that are able to move according to the user’s preference. I made the louvres perforated to create a dappled light effect which is shown in the photographs. The louvres provide solar shading on the east and west facades and are present throught my building, forming part of the architectural language. The drawings show how the louvres can sit on the building facade and the shading qualities created by them.

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The Synthesis phase led to a resolved, assisted-living Dementia Centre and a massing for the Dementia Village. The final design arose from research carried out during the project, a developed understanding of the specific needs of dementia patients and environmental and sustainability strategies. My narrative of a “Home Away From Home”and intergenerational engagement (in a yoga and dance studio) have been continued through the project from Staging. Dementia design principles and environmental simulations, including daylight, wind and shading have been crucial for the development of my design and have routed every key decision.

This process allowed me to form a clear architectural style and language with the chimney fins which came about due to the wind simulations which informed my natural ventilation strategy. Most importantly, a “Day in the Life’’ conveyed the home-likeness of Arthur’s Lodge with visual and physical access to the outdoors, intergenerational engagement and familiarity in the bedroom pods. A “Home Away From Home” has been maintained from the exterior form to the interior details. Therefore I have clearly maintained my design declaration and narrative from the beginning of my project.

PROJECT SYNTHESIS

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Synthesis

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CHANGES TO PLANS

Following the Testing Review I decided to break up the urban grid by angling the private part of the building. This created more of a contrast between the public and private areas for the patients. The programme stayed fairly similar to the previous plans with the pods at the south of the building, living areas around the central courtyard and public areas with the intergenerational space (which is a yoga and dance studio) at the north of the site.

Due to the angling of the pods, triangular spaces were formed between the pods. I decided to use these void spaces to create multiuse chimneys, which accomodate storage, drainage and ventilation.

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12

26

1 - Entrance / Lobby 2 - Reception / Waiting Area (double height) 3 - Cafe 4 - Dance and Yoga Studio 5 - WCs 6 - Changing Rooms 7 - Family Meeting Rooms 8 - Family Consultation Room 9 - Wellbeing Room 10 - Laundry / Utility Room 11 - Plant Room 12 - Storage 13 - Circulation 14 - Medical Assessment Room 15 - Bathing Room 16 - Residential Bedroom Pods 17 - Quiet Room 18 - Residential Lounge, Kichenette and Dining 19 - Service Kitchen 20 - Food Storage / Preparation Rooms 21 - Assessment Kitchen 22 - Staff Areas 23 - Staff Conference Room 24 - Central Courtyard 25 - Intergenerational Lounge Area 26 - Balcony

Project Synthesis

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

1:200 East Facade

1:200 Section

I developed the roofscape with the roof around the courtyard angling into it. The pitched roofs at the north stayed the same, mirroring the context. I also made the roofs of the pod angled to distinguish them and to create an opportunity to integrate photovoltaics as the roofs are orientated to recieve optimum sunlight levels. The rest of the roof is flat to accomodate a green roof as part of the environmental strategy. These views also show the chimneys which penetrate through the building to allow for natural stack ventilation. I like how they create an architectural language for my building. To continue this language throughout the building I added dormers at the north of the building which mirror the shape of the chimneys.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME

Project Synthesis

Project Synthesis

HOME AWAY FROM HOME

The Core at The Eden Project in Cornwall Figure 54

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MARCH INTERSEASON - 9am, 12pm and 3pm

SHADING STUDIES

SUMMER EQUINOX - 9am, 12pm and 3pm

I did some shading studies to determine whether the central courtyard would be overshadowed by the two storey parts of my building. The March and September interseasons indicate some overshadowing. Therefore I went on to enlarge the courtyard area again and adjust the roofscape.

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ROOFSCAPE

I was inspired by the roofscape and central courtyard of the Core at the Eden Project. More specifically, the Core inspired my use of vertical fins and roof lights poking out of the roof surface. I also likes how the photovoltaics are integrated into the roof which I go on to explore later.

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DEVELOPING PLANS FOR ARC3013 Due to the demands of building regulations for healthcare buildings, I had to change my plans fairly significantly. I made the courtyard slightly bigger to reduce escape distances from the interior to the exterior of the building. I also decided to make some of the public spaces smaller as the building had been sitting very tightly on the site and I had designed too much space which I did not have a use for. I also changed the geometries of some of the external walls in order to resolve the timber grid structure efficiently.

building and placed the quiet room where the stairs had been.

I designed a formal landscape in the central courtyard which follows a narrative of setting up a readable path for the dementia patients which is easy to figure out.

Some significant additions to the building were the fire stairs and a number of fire-safe lifts. As the building occupies a large area, a number of staircases were needed. Originally one of the staircases was at the south of the building. However, I felt as though I was not taking advantage of the southern sun therefore I added two more staircases at the east and west sides of the 72

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Figure 66

Simplified Massing

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Dementia Centre Dementia Village

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3D view with glazing highlighted Figure 64 Figure 62

3D VIEW AND SECTION 74

The drawings above indicate responses to the adjacent buildings. I pitched the roofs at the north to create a continuity with the existing residential buildings. I also tried to limit the amount of glazing on the North facade to maintain the privacy of the residential houses. This facade clearly contrasts to the other facades in terms of surface areas of glazing. In addition most of the North part of my building is one storey to prevent any overshadowing onto the adjacent buildings.

PROGRAMME AND MASSING 75

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME Summer Equinox (June) 9AM, 12PM, 3PM

September Interseason 9AM, 12PM, 3PM

Winter Equinox (December) 9AM, 12PM, 3PM

Solar Energy Generation with PVs A = Photovoltaics B = Plant Room C = Inverter and meter D = Electrical power and appliances

Figure 69 Timber rafter and purlin roof

Timber rafter and purlin roof

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STRUCTURE

This is my 1:20 section from ARC3013. The proposal represents an earlier iteration but the structure and most of the material build up stayed the same. The section cuts through the quiet rooms and circulation space. I designed a roof overhang to control the amount of southern, summer sunlight entering the building. For the rainwater strategy and to allow sunlight to enter the courtyard, I angled the roof. There is high level lighting to create optimum lux levels in the circulation space.

Integrated PV a = Roof build up with timber rafters and purlins (DPM on top) b = Brackets attached to purlins c = Channel rails between brackets d = Photovoltaic modules Figure 77

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Figure 70

The primary structure of my building is a timber frame and CLT wall panels, which form the chimneys. I chose a frame structure to allow for open and adaptable spaces.

Large spans of glazing create links to outdoor spaces and patients are able to see and be seen which is one of the key design principles when designing for dementia.

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(GSE Integration, 2020) (Dabija, 2020)

Timber rafter and purlin roof CLT roof

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SHADING STUDIES AND PHOTOVOLTAICS The roof incorporates integrated photovoltaics to promote material reduction. When PVs are not integrated there is a needless use of roofing materials. I did shading studies to work out which areas of the roof would be most suitable for PVs. The areas that receive the most sunlight are highlighted. This is where I chose to position the PVs.

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HOME AWAY FROM HOME (Soligo, 1998)

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Lawson Wind Comfort Criteria: Leisurely Walking 4-6 m/s

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A - The entrance is positioned at the East of the site as the wind speed is very strong at the West.

Although the wind levels are comfortable on the North and South parts of the site, access to these areas are difficult for vehicles due to the Dementia Village at the South and the very narrow road at the North. The entrance is sheltered by a protruding part of the building to create optimum comfort levels.

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The image above shows my building’s massing superimposed onto the envimet wind simulation.

This gives a clearer ides of the wind movements and speeds around my building. On the right are drawings showing how my design responds to wind speeds. The top right image indicates how the entrance to my building is sheltered by a protruding part of the building. I also set part of the building back to create a clear pathway to the entrance and added a canopy which also shelters the entrance from the strong wind coming predominantly from the south west.

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B - The staff entrance has comfortable wind levels D - The courtyard is enclosed and sheltered from strong winds

Lawson Wind Comfort Criteria: Sitting for a significant period of time 0-2.5 m/s

E - There are low wind speeds in front of the bedroom pods therefore I added an outdoor space here, accessible from the quiet room and ground floor bedroom pods D

F - Large outdoor area with comfortable levels of wind

WIND SPEED SIMULATIONS

These wind speed siulations are very similar to the previous ones I did for a different iteration. The alterations I made due to the previous results stayed the same for this massing. The only significant difference is the outdoor space at the north of the building which was made bigger due to how I angled the south part of the building. This created a larger, comfortable outdoor area which I had not inhabited previously.

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The bottom right drawing shows how the placement of trees was chosen due to the high wind speeds coming from the south west. The trees are able to protect the outdoor space in front of the pods to allow for a comfortable seating area.

The Lawson Wind Comfort Criteria helped me to decide where to put specific spaces. The outdoor courtyards are in areas of 0-2.41 m/s therefore they satisfy the comfort criteria for sitting for a significant period of time. This is necessary for the courtyards. The walk to the entrance also suits the comfort criteria for slow pace walking with an average speed of 3.37 m/s shown in the simulation. I have avoided putting any significant spaces on the west facade due to the high levels of wind there.

Lawson Wind Comfort Criteria: Fast Pace Walking 6-8 m/s

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Air travels through air vents

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SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES This 3D view shows the roofscape. Green roofing is implemented for the rainwater harvesting strategy as it reduces surface run-off volumes to prevent any flooding around the building.

Green roofing also cools down the roof which improves the efficiency of the photovoltaics.

However, I realised at this stage I needed a parapet for the green roof which I later included. In addition, I did not take full advantage of the roof areas suitable for PV integration. Therefore I went on to add more PV cells to the roofscape. Chimneys and dormers extrude from the roofscape to allow natural ventilation and natural light to enter the building.

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Single sided ventillation

Roof overhangs are very important to prevent my building from overheating and allowing very intense light into the building. Dementia patients are very sensitive to harsh light. Therefore the roof overhang aims to allow a limited amount of strong summer sunlight into the building whilst allowing as much winter sunlight in as possible.

Although the section indicating the rainwater harvesting strategy changed, the harvesting strategy stayed the same.

DESIGNING THE CHIMNEYS

Due to the angling of the bedroom pods, triangular spaces were formed between them. I decided I could create multi-use chimneys here which incorporated ventilation, structure, storage and drainage for the bedroom pods, whilst also creating an architectural language. I decided the most suitable primary structure of these chimneys would be CLT.

To continue the architectural language of the chimneys throughout the building, I designed dormers which mirror the shape of the chimneys and allow daylight to enter the intergenerational dance and yoga studios. However, I did go on to change these dormers. I also added more chimneys around the building.

The drawings above highlight the location of the chimneys and the directions of air movement due to natural ventilation.

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VENTILATION AND DRAINAGE

The drawing on the right shows the incorporation of drainage within the chimney. A water storage tank facilitates drainage for the toilets in the bedroom pods. Used water is highlighted in red and clean water is highlighted in blue.

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1 - Entrance / Lobby 2 - Reception / Waiting Area 3 - Cafe 4 - Dance and Yoga Studio 5 - WCs 6 - Changing Rooms 7 - Family Meeting Rooms 8 - Family Consultation Room 9 - Wellbeing Room 10 - Laundry / Utility Room 11 - Plant Room 12 - Storage 13 - Lounge for Residents 14 - Circulation 15 - Medical Assessment Room 16 - Bathing Room 17 - Residential Bedroom Pods 18 - Quiet Room 19 - Residential Lounge, Kichenette and Dining 20 - Service Kitchen 21 - Food Storage / Preparation Rooms 22 - Assessment Kitchen 23 - Staff Areas 24 - Staff Conference Room

DEVELOPING ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE At this stage my plans were the same as the ones I submitted for ARC3013 but I also added more landscaping to them. I started to develop my sections and elevations. Vertical louvres form part of the architectural language throughout the building and provide solar shading.

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SYNTHESIS REVIEW MIRO BOARD

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1 - Entrance / Lobby 2 - Reception / Waiting Area 3 - Cafe 4 - Dance and Yoga Studio 5 - WCs 6 - Changing Rooms 7 - Family Meeting Rooms 8 - Family Consultation Room 9 - Wellbeing Room 10 - Laundry / Utility Room 11 - Plant Room 12 - Storage 13 - Lounge for Residents 14 - Circulation 15 - Medical Assessment Room 16 - Bathing Room 17 - Residential Bedroom Pods 18 - Quiet Room 19 - Residential Lounge, Kichenette and Dining 20 - Service Kitchen 21 - Food Storage / Preparation Rooms 22 - Assessment Kitchen 23 - Staff Areas 24 - Staff Conference Room 25 - Car Park

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FLOOR PLANS FOR SYNTHESIS REVIEW 86

The plans differ to the previous ones in terms of the quiet room which now has a planar glass facade to create a view through the building to the formal courtyard. This creates a clear path which is easily to understand for the dementia patients. In addition I changed the location of the doors to the central courtyard to be parallel to the quiet room to maintain the view through to the courtyard.

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WANDERING PATHS AND PUBLIC/PRIVATE 88

These plans indicate the division of public and private spaces. It is an obvious and clear distinction which is necessary for the patients who can panic if they see a number of unknown people. Therefore the patients have to be supervised and accompanied by staff in the public areas. The main wandering paths are highlighted in yellow and the doors in this area are held open and only close in a fire emergency. The internal an external wandering paths are mirrored.

The red arrow indicates the clear path and line of vision between both outdoor areas. This is facilitated by the planar glazing of the quiet room. A formal path is formed and relates to the formal design of the central courtyard. It is an understandable path for the patients.

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SYNTHESIS REVIEW PRESENTATION

These drawings were presented in the Synthesis Review. I was advised to make the glazing clearer and increase the contrast of the shadows on the building. I also needed to add foundations to the 1:50 perspective sections and more context to the elevation. There were some errors with my perspective section, including the cut through the external doors of the pods. I went on to fix these mistakes.

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This Part-Elevation of the southern elevation shows the planar qualities of the quiet room’s facade which has horizontal solar shading screens. It also shows the view through to the central courtyard. Either side of the quiet rooms are the bedroom pods. The first floor pods have fairly small balcony spaces and high level lighting in order to create high lux levels within the pods. Whilst the ground floor pods do not have this, they have easy access to the outdoor courtyard in front of the pods.

Therefore both floors have equal benefits although they are different. In the review the tutors made it clear to me that that balcony could overshadow the ground floor pods. Also the balcony needed to be divided up so that only one or two patients could access each balcony rather than 8 patients on a larger balcony. This is for the sake of the staff who need to surpervise the patients. Therefore I broke up the balcony and by doing this I allowed more natural light to reach the ground floor pods.

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Summer Equinox 12PM

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Ground floor pods

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First floor pods

DAYLIGHT SIMULATIONS OF BEDROOM PODS

These are daylight simulations of the ground floor bedroom pods and the first floor bedroom pods. Thy are orientated in the same direction as they are in my final plans. The first floor pods have high level lighting which is why the lux levels are much higher and more dispersed. This high level lighting was created by the roofscape therefore I was not able to add this to the ground floor pods. Nonetheless the ground floor pods have high levels of lighting but it is not as dispersed as I would have liked.

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Artificial lighting will balance out this uneven distribution of light. Dementia patients require lighting levels between 300 and 600 lux. These simulations show that my pods achieve this.

I added horizontal solar shading screens to the windows of the pod, as shown previously in framing, to control some of the high lux, created by southern summer sunlight, and to dapple the light. These screens are also visible on the previous page.

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MASSING PROGRESSION

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This shows the site boundary within context. 2/3rds of the site will be used for the Dementia Centre and 1/3 will be used for the Dementia Village which is made up of bungalow massings. These bungalows are for people with mild dementia who are high functioning.

Whereas the centre is for patients with mid to severe symptoms.

This drawing shows the initial volume created by extruding a space within the site boundary.

I decided to angle the private part of the building to further provide a differentiation. I also decided to do this in order to break up the urban grid. I reduced the size of the massing at the north to make sure the building was not too tightly squeezed into the site. I also had too much space with not enough uses for it all. By doing this I created an area for deliveries and a staff car park.

This image shows how my building responds to the sunpaths. The placement of the angled bedroom pods at the south of the building mirror the path of the sun. Therefore they recieve as much light as possible. At this stage I also curved parts of the building to create a less orthogonal and institutionalised building, linking to my narrative of “Home Away From Home”.

A courtyard area is created within the volume which is sheltered from prevailing winds. The massing for the Dementia Village has been added. It is made up of 8 bungalows.

Here, I have indicated the formal link between the two main outdoor areas, creating a continuity.

I have also highlighted the chimneys which add to the architectural language of my building. The roofs at the North are pitched to mirror the adjacent buildings. I also pushed in part of the building to create a differentiation between spaces on the facade.

The massing is divided into public and private, creating a clear distinction which is understandable for the users. The private area is the “home” part of the building for the dementia patients. An area is substracted from the volume to create a clear entrance. The landscape has been designed to create ramped access to the entrance due to the 2 metre level change at the north.

I changed the design of the balcony in front of the pods to allow more light into the ground floor pods. I did this by breaking it up into smaller balconies with space between each to allow natural light to reach the pods below. This change is also benefitial to staff who will find the surveillance easier to manage.

This drawing shows how the massing has been reduced to create a one storey part of the building at the north.

This prevents the residential buildings behind from being overshadowed. The entry point to the site is further developed to create a clear ramped access for pedestrians and emergency services vehicles in close proximity to the entrance. There is also a set of stairs for access. There is a wind rose to show the strength of wind from different directions.

I decided to place trees in relation to the wind directions and speeds. For example, trees shelter the outdoor space in front of the bedroom pods.

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Sky Lights

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Copper Standing Seam

This 1:100 roof plan indicates the materiality which is made up of copper standing seam roofing, integrated photovoltaics and green roofing. Chimneys punctuate the building and sky lights allow more light into the intergenerational space.

1 - Entrance / Lobby 2 - Reception / Waiting Area 3 - Cafe 4 - Dance and Yoga Studio 5 - WCs 6 - Changing Rooms 7 - Family Meeting Rooms 8 - Family Consultation Room 9 - Wellbeing Room 10 - Laundry / Utility Room 11 - Plant Room 12 - Storage 13 - Lounge for Residents 14 - Circulation 15 - Medical Assessment Room 16 - Bathing Room 17 - Residential Bedroom Pods 18 - Quiet Room 19 - Residential Lounge, Kichenette and Dining 20 - Service Kitchen 21 - Food Storage / Preparation Rooms 22 - Assessment Kitchen 23 - Staff Changing / Lockers 24- Staff Offices 25 - Staff Lounge / Kitchen 26 - Staff Conference Room 27 - Central Courtyard 28 - Public Car Park 29 - Staff and Deliveries Car Park 30 - Car Park for Dementia Village 31 - Dementia Village

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This is my final ground floor plan. Since the review I protruded the southern staircases to create a recognition of the circulation space in the elevation. I also flipped some of the pods so that some of the services match up with eachother. I added more furnishings to give a sense of scale.

This is my final first flor plan. I changed the balcony by dividing it up into smaller balconys to allow more natural light to reach the ground floor pods. This is also more manageable for staff who would find it difficult to surveil 8 patients on a larger balcony.

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WANDERING PATHS AND ROUTES

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NOISE - trees buffer noise and provide privacy from the A roads.

There are quiet areas in on the ground floor for the patients to prevent sensory overloads.

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RESPONDING TO CONTEXT

VIEWS OUT OF THE GROUND FLOOR

VIEWS OUT OF THE FIRST FLOOR - staff are able to passively observe from the first floor

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MATERIALITY

Most of the materials were chosen for sustainability purposes. The brick was chosen to mirror the surrounding residential buildings and give a sense of home.

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Iteration without roof lighting

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INTERGENERATIONAL DANCE AND YOGA STUDIO

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These images show the process of designing the intergenerational dance and yoga studio.

The top left image shows the initial iteration. It is clear that the light and shadows are too harsh.

Therefore I decided to add external vertical louvres to provide some solar shading. However, again the contrast between the light and shadows is too strong and the patients could view these shadows as holes. I went on to make the louvres perforated in order to dapple the light and make it less intense, whilst maintaining high lux levels. This is shown in the final iteration on the right.

I did some daylight simulations in order to determine the suitability of the natural light. I initially did simulations of the room without any roof lighting. It is clear from this iteration that the daylight is not distributed evenly enough. Therefore I added some roof lighting which increased the lux levels in the room more evenly. This is what I was aiming to achieve. The addition of the roof lighting is shown in the 3D view of the yoga studio I created. In this image I also added the context visible through the glazing which I had not previously included.

I chose blue tones as this colour is known to have calming effects. Likewise I chose wood to warm up the space and provide a contrast to the walls. The yoga matts themselves contrast to the floor so that the patients can identify them.

The shadows are much more sutble in this iteration as the roof light disperses the light evenly and the louvres are perforated, creating dappled light which you can see if you look closely.

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The choices of furnishings and colours in this room come from the need to create contrasts so that patients can identify objects and differentiate the floor from the walls.

The skirting boards help to do this as well.

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Large spans of glazing allow patients to see and be seen which is a key principle from the World Alzheimer Report. There is also a homely feel in this room with the furnishings and warm materiality. This supports my narrative of a “Home Away From Home”.

I did some daylight simulations for this room and found that the daylight was fairly well distributed. The plan is not entirely correct due to not being able to create curved walls in Velux Daylight Visualizer. However, the dimensions and placement of glazing is correct. The glazing on the right is part of an internal wall that faces the glazing around the courtyard. This was a late addition to the room and brings in some much needed daylight.

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PERSPECTIVE SECTION

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This 1:50 perspective section shows the bedroom pods, circulation, central courtyard, vertical circulation and family meeting room. It also shows the natural stack and single sided ventilation within the building. The chimneys are the primary form of ventilation. The bedroom pods are distinct at the south of the building and aim to create a homely feel. The narrative for the whole building is a “Home Away From Home” therefore all key design decisions link to this. For example, the actual doors to the pods emulate the patient’s doors to their previous homes. The materiality of the building aims to create a comfortable and enjoyable environment.

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CENTRAL COURTYARD

In the central courtyard patients are able to sit and engage with nature, do some gardening and wander around. Staff are able to passively observe the courtyard from the staff areas on the first floor.

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SOUTH FACADE

Patients are able to access a courtyard in front of the pods. As this courtyard is slightly more open compared to the central courtyard, staff have to accompany patients and control access.

The first floor pods can access small balconies which have a slightly higher balustrade than standard dimensions to prevent any risk of falling. This view shows horizontal screens which provide solar shading for the south facing bedroom pods and quiet room. The chimneys punctuate the building and create an architectural language here.

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DAY IN THE LIFE

8AM: Lesley wakes up in her pod and a member of staff helps her get up and ready for the day

Lesley spends a large amount of the day in the living area. This is where she eats all her meals, with 7 other female residents, and relaxes in the lounge area. Lesley also has the opportunity to cook with supervision from staff and play games with the other residents.

In the afternoon Lesley is able to go to the intergenerational space to engage with yoga and dance activities. This promotes better wellbeing and mental health.

For the rest of the day Lesley can wander around the central courtyard, tending to plants. This is passively supervised by staff. After this she eats dinner in the living area and then returns to her bedroom pod to sleep.

LESLEY JONES Age: 85 Diagnosis: Mid symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease Previous Job: Lawyer Home: Tynemouth Family: Husband aged 80, 2 daughters and 3 grandchildren Hobbies: Gardening, reading and playing bridge

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EAST ELEVATION

This elevation shows my building in relation to the neighbouring commercial and residential buildings and also the massings of the Dementia Village. I chose brick cladding to mirror the neighbouring buidlings and timber to provide a warm and homely feel as the narrative of my building is a “Home Away From Home”. I aimed to create a suitable scale for the building in order to not overshadow surrounding buildings and to place it comfortably in the context. Also a larger building would be too overwhelming and create unhelpful stimulations for a dementia patient. Hence why it is two storeys.

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Thematic Case Study Report

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16 people with dementia per 1000 population (all ages) in the Netherlands 2017 (Financial Times, 2019) 1.49% of total population of the Netherlands with dementia 2018 (Alzheimer Europe, 2020)

THEMATIC CASE STUDY REPORT

De Hogeweyk, Weesp MBVDA Architects Completed 2009

3.15% of total population of the Netherlands with dementia by 2050 (Alzheimer Europe, 2020) 1.94% of total population of Europe with dementia 2018 (Alzheimer Europe, 2020)

Ella Ashworth

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Table of Contents

Interior views in De Hogeweyk

Contrast in colours between the walls, curtains and furniture.

Ella Ashworth 1. How does the case study relate to the Studio Specific Criteria .01? (Ella Ashworth) 2. How does the case study relate to the Studio Specific Criteria .02? (Samer Alayan)

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3. How does the case study relate to it’s 13 environmental / climate crisis context? (Emily Chow) 4. How does the case study relate to the Architect’s theoretical position / how does it explore their ideas / preoccupations? (Lewis Baylin)

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5. How does the case study relate to other buildings of it’s type? (Rea Chalastani)

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Unobtrusively reduce risks Design in response to vision for way of life

Provide a human scale

Furniture creating a homely feel and familiar place - may be used for wayfinding.

Contrast in colours showing the distinction between the wall and floor with the use of the skirting board.

Allow people to see and be seen

Link to the community

USER CENTRIC Provide opportunities to be alone or with others

Reduce unhelpful stimulation

Create a familiar place

edited Fig. 1

Optimise helpful stimulation

Support movement and engagement

Fleming-Bennet Design Principles (Fleming, Zeisel and Bennet, 2020)

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Independence support

Large glazing creates a link between indoor and outdoor areas.

Art needs to be abstract and not mimicking reality.

This portrait is too life-like.

Homely seating area with television providing opportunities to spend time with others and interact.

Walking paths

edited Fig. 2

Sensory comprehension

USER CENTRIC

Homelikeness

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Large glazing providing natural light which is important for dementia patients as darkness can create anxiety.

Important use of colours to create contrasts which aid dementia patients to recognise boundaries.

Clear contrast between wooden floor and wallpaper.

The dark area is potentially frightening for a dementia patient as it can be viewed as a hole.

Unit privacy

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DE HOGEWEYK Studio Specific Criteria .01 - Understanding the dementia disease and specific requirements

edited Fig. 3

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DE HOGEWEYK Studio Specific Criteria .01 - Understanding the dementia disease and specific requirements

Ella Ashworth

Courtyard Areas

Ella Ashworth

- Accessible from wandering path

Outdoor areas

- Common spaces which provide opportunities to be alone or with others

Covered space

All the bedrooms in the household have at least one window providing the rooms with natural light which is important for dementia patients with downing syndrome. In addition natural light aids ageing eyes see contrasts more clearly.

Plan of a Goois (upper-class) household

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Patients are able to view a sink from the bedhead but it is important for dementia patients to see a toilet from their bedhead, to remind them to go to the toilet, which is not present here.

- Supports engagement and movement - Allows people to see or be seen

Private areas

Staff areas

Thematic Case Study Report

Thematic Case Study Report

DE HOGEWEYK Studio Specific Criteria .01 - Understanding the dementia disease and specific requirements

A B C D E F

Clear seperation between ommon areas and private bedrooms.

Doors providing accesibility to outdoor courtyard.

Theatre

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- The only way in and out of the dementia village - doors lock for security. This means that the internal courtyards are not secured therefore patients can move around wherever they wish.

Restaurant Supermarket Cafe Shops along Boulevard

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- Members of the public can enter to use facilities, such as the restaurant - link to the community

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- Unobtrusively reduces risks

Ground Floor Roofs Wandering Path Outdoor access points

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This sharp corner is potentially hazardous for dementia patients. It also blocks the view of a door to one of the bedrooms for those walking along the corridor.

Disparity between the bedrooms as only one bedroom in the household has access to the outdoors.

This double sided corridor could be confusing for dementia patients.

They should be able to have a view to outside areas on one side of the corridor. This makes them more visible to staff.

Large common area providing opportunities for engagement.

The wandering path plans indicate the numerous ways of accessing the outdoor areas from the complex.

In addition, the wandering paths have clear destinations, such as the courtyards and shops, which is important for dementia patients.

This 1:500 ground floor plan above highlights the different households (each implements a different lifestyle, for example, Goois) and the facilities accessible for the residents. The complex seems to be very concerned with design in response to vision for way of life, which is a Fleming-Bennet design principle. The plan layout encourages a village feel with courtyards surrounded by buildings creating a sense of a village green. The facilities, such as the supermarket and the restaurant, are grouped together at the north-east of the site which seems to create a coherence which is easy to understand. The placement of different facilities is logical and intuitive which is key for dementia patients.

The village is a homely place with no hint of an institutionalised feel.

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- Optimising helpful stimulation - This sign, for example, indicates the direction a patient would go with their shopping - Improves orientation

1:500 First Floor Massing Plan

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DE HOGEWEYK Studio Specific Criteria .01 - Understanding the dementia disease and specific requirements Ella Ashworth

Thematic Case Study Report

Thematic Case Study Report

Samer

Below is a modelled courtyard including the elevated walkways on the first floor. Half of the development is outside and to access facilities the dementia patients have to walk outdoors, a means of this being the elevated walkways. The walkways allow patients to view the complex from above which creates a familiar environment for them to move around. Therefore they enable patients to see and be seen and easy access to outdoor areas.

Fig. 7 The photograph on the right shows a floor to ceiling window and other large and frequent windows on the facades.

Large windows are important in order to allow as much controlled natural light inside as possible. Dementia patients feel most relaxed with 600 lux of light. However, the light needs to be controlled to prevent harsh shadows in the interior. Therefore the engineering of the facade and shading is important. It is clear that the architects have considered this with some windows extruded, some flush with the facade and others inverted.

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This section indicates a human scale as the complex is made up of one and two storey areas. It also shows the large and frequent windows on the facade which are of huge importance to dementia patients which I have outlined above. The section also has the elevated walkway in it which is a means of accessing different parts of the village.

2. How does the case study relate to the Studio Specific Criteria?

Approaches to sustainability and combat climate change that improves indoor and outdoor environments of a dementia sufferer supported by building and urban simulation 7

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This work I is meant to test how one of de Hogeweyk’s rooms positioning, and openings interact with sunlight over different times of the day during different seasons.

Using the Velux software, I found that they were able to maximize sunlight successfully over wintertime during midday but not so much before and after. Summertime on the other hand seems to have presented an abundance of sunlight all throughout the main working hours of the day. Another factor this room has successfully approached is the positioning of the sunlight that seems to have avoided the bed’s position such that there is not direct sunlight hitting the headboard. This is important as the dementia patients have a tendency to get aggravated due to sudden changes in sunlight levels especially if it is directed towards their faces in bed when going to sleep or waking up. To that end, sunlight level changes need to be regulated. I think what I’ll be taking away from this case study’s natural light study of this pod is how to position openings such that sunlight can be positioned in the activity spaces of the room that requires a lot of sunlight such as a sensory wall or a work desk and so on, while avoiding the bed head and such.

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Samer

VELUX INDOOR POD STUDY

Alayan

Thematic Case Study Report

Thematic Case Study Report

Samer Alayan

Also, in terms of lux levels, a dementia patient needs more sunlight in their rooms than the fully abled persons such that lux levels must rise between 500-600 lux to be able to satisfy their needs. Finally, it is also important to mention the use of the window positioning, which can be learned from, as it not only plays the part of directing sunlight efficiently, but also creates a view for the dementia patient into the external controlled shared space between other patients; such a view is necessary, I believe, to keep the patient connected visually to those around them as well as to not create a pod that feels entrapping like a usual hospital wards tend to do.

January 9:30

January 12:00

January 15:00

January 18:00

June 9:30

June 12:00

June 15:00

June 18:00

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Alayan

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Thematic Case Study Report

Samer Alayan Interestingly, the wind speed and wind direction do not have any significant differences between January and June. Any change in direction of winds seem to be attributed to the built environment altering wind paths around them, but not any further. Moreover, the four wind direction maps proved that the predominant wind originates from the South-West while indicating that the micro-wind direction alterations being created around De Hogeweyk and its surroundings. Furthermore, the massing of De Hogeweyk has clearly demonstrated the avoidance of the entering of the SW prevailing winds reducing the wind speed to its sheltered designated outdoor area. Notably, the entrance of De Hogeweyk village is on the East side (the white arrow in the first image).

The wind speed ranges at the entrance between the lowest 0.3m/s in June to the highest 1.9m/s in January; thus, it shows the building entrance was situated appropriately.

Evidently, the contour wind maps show a reasonable difference in terms of the wind speeds between January and June. The wind speed maps demonstrate the areas surrounding De Hogeweyk vary between the blue and green categories thus ranging between 0.3m/s to 2.6m/s throughout the seasons. The massing of De Hogeweyk has controlled the wind speed that which enters the building to about 0.3m/s-0.6m/s. The building form and results are a success, especially for a dementia village as external stimulation could be highly beneficial for dementia patients, yet too much may be counter productive; therefore, De Hogeweyk has minimised the potential harmful stimulation through space designation and the protection from the external environmental factors.

ENVIMET OUTDOOR STUDY

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Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) is the accumulation of the air temperature and the temperature of the surfaces neing added, thus creating greater heat levels in a specific space; this accumulated temperature is then divided thus creating an average which become the MRT. Therefore, in terms of assessing comfort, mean radiant temperature is better than air temperature because MRT takes into account temperatures of all surfaces and spaces creating a better understanding of visitor’s experience. Looking at the January and June MRT maps, De Hogeweyk, regarding its controlled external spaces, seems to have failed at retaining its heat during January and at keeping cool during June, in terms of overall heat retention and transferal. The failure of retaining its heat budget internally is, however, met by the massing’s ability to use its geography advantageuosly thus the east and south walls benefiting off the surrounding to maintain a better heat budget than the rest of the building was to able to do.

Above text by Samer and Emily

The Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) is considerably inversely proportional to the Percent Mean Vote’s (PMV) neutral level of 0. The closer the people’s PMV is to 0 the less the area’s occupants are predicted to be dissatisfied thus a lower PPD. An acceptable level of PMV is around +/-1, and any Mean Vote higher or lower than that margin of error becomes highly unnacceptable to most people thus reaching around 100% dissatisfaction all throughout. Looking at the simulated maps above, throughout January, the PMV does not reach above -4.02% at any point in time throughout the day thus the PPD is at a 100% percent meaning everyone is dissatisfied. Inversely, however, June demonstrates much lower rates of PMV. At a lowest rate of -0.79% and a highest of 1.57% PMV, the dissatisfaction is consdiderably lower ranging 54.6% to 5% dissatisfaction.

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Climate - Chow hon Ying, emilY

isometric site analysis

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS climate tyPe

climate cHange graPH

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QUESTION 3: How does tHe case study related to its environmental / climate crisis context?

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INTRODUCTION

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Our group has chosen De Hogeweyk as our case study, thus this specific section attempts to explore how does De Hogeweyk respond to its environmental and climate aspects. Particularly focusing on the aspects of transportation to the site; greenery surrounded and within the design; utilising natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation plants in the building; as well as exploring the natural light penetrate into the building; which all attempted to see is De Hogeweyk saving energy or request artificial energy in order to meet the users’ demands.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Images: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/10/climate-change-environment-earth-temperature-global-warming-heat/ Information: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/lilongwe_malawi_927967 Information: https://weatherspark.com/y/52659/Average-Weather-in-Weesp-Netherlands-Year-Round Information: https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/sunpath2d.html

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Page 2 - greenery analysis:

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Abhijith et al. (2017) Air Pollution Abatement Performances of Green Infrastructure in Open Road and Built-up Street Canyon Environments - A review, Elsevier BV Images: https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2018/02/09/el-pueblo-de-los-pacientes-de-alzheimer-un-experimento-holandes-aclamado-en-el-mundo/ Images: https://www.detail-online.com/article/dementia-village-de-hogeweyk-in-weesp-16433/

Page 3 - ventilation analysis:

Oliver Heckmann (n.d.) “De Hogeweyk” Dementia Village, Building Types Online Krautheim et al (2014) City and wind: climate as an architectural instrument, DOM publisher

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Brendan Crosby et al. (2008) Office Building, Northeastern University School of Architecture

- Insufficient choice of public transportation - Nearest bus stop, ~12mins walk - Prefer drive to the site - Not environmentally sustainable

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Page 4 - natural ligHt analysis:

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GREENERY ANALYSIS

VENTILATION ANALYSIS An almost enclosed courtyard space has been chosen for the zoom-in detail analysis due to its ‘closureness’. The courtyard is a really popular public space as it offers not only greenery but also a pond park.

Thematic Case Study Report

Thematic Case Study Report

Climate - Chow hon Ying, emilY

Isloated Roughness Flow A width-height aspect ratio of >2.4 results in full flushing of courtyards or street canyons

Skimming Flow

These two In-scaled images demonstrated how the wind is being ‘trapped’ within the enclosed public space. As the air is being ‘trapped’, it requires a great amount of time to exchange the air in such location. Hence, the massing form utilised natural ventilation method to maintain the fresh air and resulted in the air stays in the outdoor courtyard for a longer period of time.

There is countless greenery both outside and inside the De Hogeweyk,especially most outside one are adjacent to a vehicle road.

In below image, we can see how the vegetation nearby the road helps to increase the urban air quality level, which leads to not only the pedestrian’s health but also their mental well-being. Greenery provides not merely visual pleasure, it also helping on the global climatic issue on the carbon dioxide emission.

A width-height aspect ratio of <1.4 reduces the air exchange in courtyards or street canyons to a minimum state

aerodynamic flow effects

section of tHe enclosed courtyard area Wind direction

road witH & witHout vegetation barrier

Cross Ventilation - natural method of cooling down space. The system relies on wind to force cool exterior air into the building through an opening while outlet forces warm interior air outside.

Wind direction

However, this natural ventilation method only occurs in certain spaces in De Hogeweyk such as the public pond park building. As numerous spaces in De Hogeweyk do not have opposite openings (e.g. window, door), or even consist of internal wall act as a barrier in ventilation. Thus, I assume that De Hogeweyk utilises machinal ventilation plants more than natural ventilation. Hence, the energy consumption in this aspect would be enormous.

Wind direction

Plan of tHe enclosed courtyard area

Climate change and when the room is overheated, more mechanical ventilation would be needed to cool down the space. Hence, even more energy would required in order to run this process.

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- one side is a public outdoor activity space - the other side buildings are most communal use, such as club space - some ground floor level buildings which are covered by an integrated shading, caused by the upper-level cantilever (blue) - the adjacent space does not consist of an integrated shading of the upper floor (green) - Interesting to see the daylight of this kind of two types of spaces

NATURAL LIGHT ANALYSIS blue area 10m 6m

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Q4: How Does This Case Study Relate To The Architects Theoretical Position/ How Does It Explore There Ideas? Lewis Baylin

Seasonal Shading in Summer

“Debatable in theory true to life in practice”

Thematic Case Study Report

Thematic Case Study Report

Climate - Chow hon Ying, emilY

Depth of Daylight Penetration & Use of Artificial Lighting Seasonal Shading in Winter

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his project has been labelled “Debatable in theory – true to life in practice”1, the architects’ Molenaar&Bol&VanDillen began to form the idea of a dementia village in 1992, a design vision for dementia care which challenges all existing care homes in creating a microcosm of the outside world. The patients live in an artificial environment which houses the normality of the outside world, and in doing so maintains a memorable lifestyle for the users.

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Depth of Daylight Penetration Depth & Use of Daylight of Artificial Penetration & Lighting Use of Artificial Lighting Seasonal Shading in Winter

The most important and easily quantified factor affecting the depth of daylight penetration into a space is the positioning of space’s windows.

The dimension from the finished floor to the top of the window (h) is the most important factor in determining the distance that daylight from that window will penetrate into the building (d). A good rule of thumb to use when trying to determine the depth of daylight penetration is that d=2.5h.

Thus, the above two diagrams suggested the depth of daylight penetration and the amount/ use of artificial lighting in the selected area in De Hogeweyk. This also suggested that De Hogeweyk required a large amount of artificial lighting to lighten up space, especially people with dementia requires 500-600 lux, which demand is higher than the usual design project.

Climate Change & Overheat

1 Feddersen, Eckhard, and Insa Lüdtke. Lost in Space : Architecture and Dementia. 2014. Print.

Climate Change & Overheat

Through observation, De Hogeweyk would consume/ use a large amount of energy and artificial elements in order to meet the users’ demand. Moreover, the building would not be overheated as the layout of the rooms, most whether having a great in-depth and lead to the daylight could not enter to the ‘deep’ part of the space, or there is a wall disturbs the original depth that daylight could have achieve. However, if the climate change and lead to the temperature rises, there is a high possibility on most of the rooms in De Hogeweyk being overheated as they have a large glazing in the room.

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Thematic Case Study Report

The Architects Theory: Non-Institutuionalised Setting

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he architects focused on a design which made it unrecognisable as a care home and instead reflected a language and materiality which spoke to the surrounding urban fabric. This non-institutionalised feel takes the dementia care at De Hogeweyk to another level of environmental control.

The Architects Theory: Community and Normality

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n order to bring the outside world in to the dementia village, De Hogeweyk implemented a range of functioning facilities such as restaurants, a surgery and a supermarket alongside many other facilities which bring the village to life.

These facilities also invite the wider community to use them and increases stimulation for the patients which is key for slowing the development of Alzheimer’s disease. This is an important features which I will implement in my now design.

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The Architects Theory: Culture and Connection

“normalized small scale living for people with dementia”

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he architects programmed the spaces depending on the surrounding cultural demographic, grouping the patients on background and lifestyle rather than level of illness which is the case within the UK. The Internal courtyard are defined by the buildings and creates external spaces which afford both freedom and safety.

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FIGURES:

Alzheimer Europe. (2020). Dementia in Europe Yearbook 2019: Estimating the prevalence of dementia in Europe. [online] Alzheimer Europe. Available at: <https://www.alzheimer-europe. org/content/download/195515/1457520/file/FINAL%2005707%20Alzheimer%20Europe%20yearbook%202019.pdf> [Accessed 10 Dec. 2020].

Figure 1 (edited): Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2014). Hogeweyk. [online] Available at: <https://hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/en/> [Accessed 20 Nov. 2020].

Cocco, F. (2019). How the world deals with Alzheimer’s and dementia. [online] London: Financial Times. Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/d5121522-7e36-11e9-8b5c-33d0560f039c>[AcClimate - Chow hon Ying, emilY cessed 10 Dec. 2020].

Fleming, R., Zeisel, J. and Bennet, K. (2020). World Alzheimer Report 2020: Design Dignity Dementia: Dementia-Related Design And The Built Environment Volume 1. [online] London: Alzheimer’s Disease International, pp.25-34. Available at: <https://www.alzint.org/u/WorldAlzheimerReport2020Vol1.pdf> [Accessed 10 Dec. 2020].

References QUESTION 3: H

ow does tHe case study related to its environmental

Figure 2 (edited): Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2014). Hogeweyk. [online] Available at: <https://hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/en/> [Accessed 20 Nov. 2020].

Thematic Case Study Report

Thematic Case Study Report

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Figure 3 (edited): Housing Our Mature Elders. (2018). Tour: De Hogeweyk. [online] Available at: <https://housingourmatureelders.wordpress.com/2018/10/26/tour-de-hogeweyk/> [Accessed 10 Dec. 2020].

Figure 4 (edited): Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2014). Hogeweyk. [online] Available at: <https://hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/en/> [Accessed 10 Dec. 2020].

Figure 5: Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2014). Hogeweyk. [online] Available at: <https://hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/en/> [Accessed 10 Dec. 2020].

/ climate crisis context? Figure 6: Detail. (2012). Dementia Village ‘De Hogeweyk’ in Weesp. [online] Available at: <https://

Carrington Court Assisted Living | Utah Assisted Living, specializing in senior care and dementia care in its Assisted Living www.detail-online.com/article/dementia-village-de-hogeweyk-in-weesp-16433/> Community and Memory Care Community of South Jordan, Utah. Retrieved 14 December 2020, from INTRODUCTION Dec. 2020]. https://www.carringtoncourtal.com/ Our group has chosen De Hogeweyk as our case study, thus this specific section attempts to explore how does De Hogeweyk respond to its environmental and

[Accessed 10

climate aspects. Particularly focusing on the aspects of transportation to the site; greenery surrounded and within the design; utilising natural ventilation or mechanRaak ICT BV,plants w. Hogeweyk.

Retrieved 15asDecember 2020, fromlight https://hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/en/ Figureor 7: Urban Edge. (2012). Learning to innovate – Part 2: Hogeweyk. [online] Available at: ical ventilation in the building; as well exploring the natural penetrate into the building; which all attempted to see is De Hogeweyk saving energy request artificial energy in order to meet the users’ demands. <https://www.urbanedgearchitecture.co.uk/all/senior-living-hogeweyk-part-2/> [Accessed 10 Dec.

Retrieved 17 December 2020, from https://www.nordarchitects.dk/alzheimer-dax

2020].

BIBLIOGRAPHY Page 1 - environmental analysis:

Images: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/10/climate-change-environment-earth-temperature-global-warming-heat/ Information: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/lilongwe_malawi_927967 Information: https://weatherspark.com/y/52659/Average-Weather-in-Weesp-Netherlands-Year-Round Information: https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/sunpath2d.html

Page 2 - greenery analysis: Abhijith et al. (2017) Air Pollution Abatement Performances of Green Infrastructure in Open Road and Built-up Street Canyon Environments - A review, Elsevier BV Images: https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2018/02/09/el-pueblo-de-los-pacientes-de-alzheimer-un-experimento-holandes-aclamado-en-el-mundo/ Images: https://www.detail-online.com/article/dementia-village-de-hogeweyk-in-weesp-16433/

Page 3 - ventilation analysis:

Oliver Heckmann (n.d.) “De Hogeweyk” Dementia Village, Building Types Online Krautheim et al (2014) City and wind: climate as an architectural instrument, DOM publisher

Page 4 - natural ligHt analysis:

Brendan Crosby et al. (2008) Office Building, Northeastern University School of Architecture

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Alzheimer’s Association. (2021) Facts and Figures. [online] Available at: (https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/facts-figures) [Accessed: 17.05.21].

Bibliography and Illustration List

BIBLIOGRAPHY Alzheimer Europe. (2020) Dementia in Europe Yearbook 2019: Estimating the prevalence of dementia in Europe. [online]. Available at: <https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/content/ download/195515/1457520/file/FINAL%2005707%20Alzheimer%20Europe%20yearbook%202019.pdf> [Accessed: 10.12.20].

Alzheimer’s Society. (2020) Facts For The Media. [online]. Available at: (https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-us/news-and-media/facts-media) [Accessed: 25.04.21].

Dabija, A. (2020) Energy Efficient Building Design. [online]. Available at: (https://libsearch.ncl.ac.uk/permalink/f/15e3e4n/TN_cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks_9783030406714) [Accessed: 20.04.21].

Dementia Services Development Centre. (2012) Dementia: Finding Housing Solutions. [online]. Available at: (https://www.housinglin.org.uk/_assets/Resources/Housing/OtherOrganisation/Dementia_-_Finding_housing_solutions.pdf) [Accessed: 25.04.21].

Department of Health. (2015) Health Building Note 08-02 Dementia-friendly Health and Social Care Environments. [online]. Available at: (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/416780/HBN_08-02.pdf) [Accessed: 26.05.21].

Department of Health. (2015) Health Building Note 08-02: Firecode Guidance in support of functional provisions (Fire safety in the design of healthcare premises). [online]. Available at: (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/473012/HTM_05-02_2015.pdf) [Accessed: 21.04.21].

Department of Health. (2015) Health Technical Memorandum 05-02: Firecode Guidance in support of functional provisions (Fire safety in the design of healthcare premises). [online].

Available at: (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/473012/HTM_05-02_2015.pdf) [Accessed: 21.04.21].

Fleming, R., Zeisel, J. and Bennet, K. (2020) World Alzheimer Report 2020: Design Dignity Dementia: Dementia-Related Design And The Built Environment Volume 1. [online] London: Alzheimer’s Disease International, pp.25-34. Available at: <https://www.alzint.org/u/WorldAlzheimerReport2020Vol1.pdf> [Accessed 10.12.20].

GSE Integration. (2020) GSE IN-ROOF INTEGRATION SYSTEM. [online]. Available at: (https://www.gseintegration.com/en/Inroof.html) [Accessed: 23.04.21].

HM Government. (2010) The Building Regulations 2010 - Fire Safety Approved Document B - Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings. [online]. Available at: (https://assets.publishing. service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/937932/ADB_Vol2_Buildings_other_than_dwellings_2019_edition_inc_2020_amendments.pdf) [Accessed: 25.04.21].

Institute on Aging. (2018) Yoga for Alzheimer’s Patients: Mindfulness and Movement. [online]. Available at: (https://blog.ioaging.org/medical-concerns/yoga-alzheimers-patients-mindfulness-movement/#:~:text=The%20Benefits%20of%20Mindfulness%20and,a%20tool%20for%20stress%20reduction.) [Accessed: 23.05.21].

Lechner, N. (2014) Heating, cooling, lighting. [online]. Available at: (https://libsearch.ncl.ac.uk/permalink/f/15e3e4n/TN_cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks_9781118849453) [Accessed: 25.04.21].

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATIONS

Moosavi, L., Zandi, M., Bidi, M., Behroozizade, E., and Kazemi, I. (2020) ‘New design for solar chimney with integrated windcatcher for space cooling and ventilation’, Building and environment, 181(106785). [online]. Available at: (https://libsearch.ncl.ac.uk/permalink/f/15e3e4n/TN_cdi_gale_infotracacademiconefile_A640359893) [Accessed: 18.04.21].

Public Health England. (2013) Improving the dementia diagnosis rate in North East England 2013: An update on prevalence rates; diagnosis rates;crisis related hospital admissions. [online] Public Health England. Available at: < https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/547246/Improving_the_Dementia_Diagnosis_Rate_in_North_East_England_2013__1_.pdf> [Accessed 15.12.20].

Soligo, M.J., Irwin, P.A., Williams, C.J and Schuyler, G.D. (1998) ‘A comprehensive assessment of pedestrian comfort including thermal effects’, Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics. 77, pp. 753–766. [online]. Available at: (https://libsearch.ncl.ac.uk/permalink/f/15e3e4n/TN_cdi_gale_infotracacademiconefile_A640359893) [Accessed: 18.04.21].

143

The Minded Institute. (2021) Yoga In Healthcare: The Effect Of Yoga On Alzheimer’s. [online]. Available at: (https://themindedinstitute.com/yoga-in-healthcare-the-effect-of-yoga-onalzheimers/) [Accessed: 18.04.21].

The Women’s Alzheimer’s Movement. (2021) Dancing through Dementia: The Benefits of Dance Therapy for People Living with Alzheimer’s. [online]. Available at: (https://thewomensalzheimersmovement.org/dancing-through-dementia/#:~:text=In%20regard%20to%20individuals%20living,%2Dawareness%20and%20self%2Dexpression.) [Accessed: 18.04.21].

Yang, T., and Clements-Croome, D.J. (2017) Natural Ventilation in Built Environment. [online]. Available at: (https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007% 2F978-1-4939-2493-6_488-3) [Accessed: 20.04.21].

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1: Robinson, M. (2020). Photograph taken during site visit. [Photograph].

Figure 19: Utton, D. (2020). Designing for People Living with Dementia. 26th October 2020.

Figure 2: Department of Health. (2015). Health Building Note 08-02 Dementia-friendly Health and Social Care Environments. [online]. Available at: (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/416780/HBN_08-02.pdf) [Accessed: 26.05.21].

Figure 20: Palmer, L. (2020). ‘House of Memories’ Sensory Architecture. 26th October 2020.

Figure 3: Fleming, R., Zeisel, J. and Bennet, K. (2020). World Alzheimer Report 2020: Design Dignity Dementia: Dementia-Related Design And The Built Environment Volume 1. [online] London: Alzheimer’s Disease International, pp.25-34. Available at: <https://www.alzint.org/u/WorldAlzheimerReport2020Vol1.pdf> [Accessed 10.12.20].

Figure 22: Author’s own photograph.

Figure 23: Author’s own photograph.

Figure 24: Author’s own photograph.

Figure 25: Author’s own photograph.

Figure 5: Author’s own photograph.

Figure 26: Author’s own photograph.

Figure 6: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 27: Studio 1: A Manifesto for Housing. (2020). Wohnheim Sargfabrik, BKK-2 Architects Co-Housing Vienna, Austria. [Report].

Figure 8: Author’s own image.

Figure 28: Studio 1: A Manifesto for Housing. (2020). Wohnheim Sargfabrik, BKK-2 Architects Co-Housing Vienna, Austria. [Report].

Figure 9: Author’s own image, used in ARC3015.

Figure 29: Studio 1: A Manifesto for Housing. (2020). Dawson’s Heights. [Report].

Figure 10: Author’s own image, used in ARC3014.

Figure 30: Studio 1: A Manifesto for Housing. (2020). Dawson’s Heights. [Report].

Figure 11: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 31: Studio 2: City Ruins. (2020). Terrasenhaus. [Report].

Figure 12: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 32: Studio 2: City Ruins. (2020). Terrasenhaus. [Report].

Figure 13: Department of Health. (2015). Health Technical Memorandum 05-02: Firecode Guidance in support of functional provisions (Fire safety in the design of healthcare premises). [online]. Available at: (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/473012/HTM_05-02_2015.pdf) [Accessed: 21.04.21].

Figure 33: Studio 1: A Manifesto for Housing. (2020). Sergison Bates Case Study Urban Housing Vienna, Austria 2013. [Report].

Figure 14: HM Government. (2010). The Building Regulations 2010 - Fire Safety Approved Document B - Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings. [online]. Available at: (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/937932/ ADB_Vol2_Buildings_other_than_dwellings_2019_edition_inc_2020_amendments.pdf) [Accessed: 25.04.21].

Figure 15: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 16: Author’s own photograph.

Figure 17: Richardson, J. (2020). Castleside Inpatient Unit. 19th October 2020.

Figure 18: Still Alice. 2014. [Film]. Wash Westmoreland and Richard Glatzer. New York: Killer Films.

144

Figure 21: Author’s own photograph.

Figure 4: Author’s own image.

Figure 7: Author’s own image.

Bibliography and Illustration List

Bibliography and Illustration List

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Figure 34: Studio 1: A Manifesto for Housing. (2020). Sergison Bates Case Study Urban Housing Vienna, Austria 2013. [Report].

Figure 35: Studio 3: Ghost in the Machine. (2020). St. Peter’s Seminary Gillespie, Kidd and Coia. [Report].

Figure 36: Studio 3: Ghost in the Machine. (2020). St. Peter’s Seminary Gillespie, Kidd and Coia.

[Report].

Figure 37: Studio 1: A Manifesto for Housing. (2020). Housing in Mulhouse by Lacaton and Vassal. [Report].

Figure 38: Studio 1: A Manifesto for Housing. (2020). Housing in Mulhouse by Lacaton and Vassal. [Report].

145

Figure 39: Studio 3: Ghost in the Machine. (2020). Frac Dunkirk, Lacaton and Vassal, Dunkirk, France. [Report].

Figure 40: Studio 3: Ghost in the Machine. (2020). Frac Dunkirk, Lacaton and Vassal, Dunkirk, France. [Report].

Figure 41: Studio 2: City Ruins. (2020). 11 Hebelstrasse, Apartment Along A Party Wall. Herzog & de Meuron, Thematic Housing Typology. [Report].

Figure 42: Studio 2: City Ruins. (2020). 11 Hebelstrasse, Apartment Along A Party Wall. Herzog & de Meuron, Thematic Housing Typology. [Report].

Figure 43: Department of Health. (2015). Health Building Note 08-02 Dementia-friendly Health and Social Care Environments. [online]. Available at: (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/416780/HBN_08-02.pdf) [Accessed: 26.05.21].

Figure 44: Fleming, R., Zeisel, J. and Bennet, K. (2020). World Alzheimer Report 2020: Design Dignity Dementia: Dementia-Related Design And The Built Environment Volume 1. [online] London: Alzheimer’s Disease International, pp.25-34. Available at: <https://www.alzint.org/u/WorldAlzheimerReport2020Vol1.pdf> [Accessed 10.12.20].

Figure 45: (edited) Google Earth. (2020). Google Earth. [online] Available at: < https://earth. google.com/web/search/> [Accessed 24.05.21].

Figure 46: (edited) Google Earth. (2020). Google Earth. [online] Available at: < https://earth. google.com/web/search/> [Accessed 01.05.21].

Figure 47: Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2014). Hogeweyk. [online] Available at: <https:// hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/en/> [Accessed 20 Nov. 2020].

Figure 48: Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects. (2017). This Copenhagen Diabetes Center Connects Patients to Nature. [online] Available at: < https://www.archdaily.com/803283/this-copenhagen-diabetes-center-connects-patients-to-nature> [Accessed 16 Dec. 2020].

Figure 49: de Rijke, A. (2017). dRMM builds Oldham Maggie’s Centre around a courtyard with rippling glass walls. [online] Dezeen. Available at: < https://www.dezeen.com/2017/06/21/ drmm-maggies-centre-centre-care-architecture-courtyard-oldham-manchester-uk/> [Accessed 15 Nov. 2020].

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 53: Koepke, H. (2015). DLR Robotics and Mechatronics Center / Birk Heilmeyer und Frenzel Architekten. Available at: (https://www.archdaily.com/771279/dlr-robotics-and-mechatronics-center-birk-heilmeyer-und-frenzel-architekten) [Accessed: 16.05.2021].

Figure 76: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 54: Eden Project, (2021). Architecture at Eden. Available at: (https://www.edenproject. com/eden-story/behind-the-scenes/architecture-at-eden) [Accessed: 20.04.21].

Figure 78: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 55: Eden Project, (2021). Architecture at Eden. Available at: (https://www.edenproject. com/eden-story/behind-the-scenes/architecture-at-eden) [Accessed: 20.04.21].

Figure 77: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 79: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 80: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 56: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 81: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 57: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 82: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 58: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 83: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 59: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 84: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 60: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 85: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 61: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 86: Author’s own image, taken from my Synthesis Review Miro Board.

Figure 62: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 63: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Bibliography and Illustration List

Bibliography and Illustration List

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

All other illustrations are author’s own.

Figure 64: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 65: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 66: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 67: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 68: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 69: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 70: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 50: Urban Edge. (2012). Learning to innovate – Part 2: Hogeweyk. [online] Available at: <https://www.urbanedgearchitecture.co.uk/all/senior-living-hogeweyk-part-2/> [Accessed 10.12.20].

Figure 71: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 51: Author’s own image, taken from my Testing Review Miro Board.

Figure 73: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 52: Koepke, H. (2015). DLR Robotics and Mechatronics Center / Birk Heilmeyer und Frenzel Architekten. Available at: (https://www.archdaily.com/771279/dlr-robotics-and-mechatronics-center-birk-heilmeyer-und-frenzel-architekten) [Accessed: 16.05.2021].

Figure 74: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 72: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

Figure 75: Author’s own image, used in ARC3013.

147

Appendix

PROCESS WORK

APPENDIX 149

PROCESS WORK FOR ARC3013

Appendix

Appendix

PROCESS WORK

1:20 Section and Elevation A - GROUND FLOOR

Concrete strip foundations 200mm concrete floor slab Damp proof membrane 100mm rigid floor insulation Vapour control layer 65mm screed with underfloor heating 10mm silver-fir floor panels

E

1:20 Environmental strategy section

F

B - FIRST FLOOR

(Glulam beam in elevation) 20mm plasterboard 100mm insulation 200mm timber joists 15mm hush mat 65mm screed with underfloor heating 10mm silver-fir floor panels

D

C - EXTERNAL WALL

20mm timber cladding 40x40mm battens 120mm insulation 120mm CLT wall panel (Glulam column in elevation)

C

B

D - WINDOW

Perforated, timber external louvres 44mm triple glazing

E - ROOF

10mm standing seam copper cladding Fixing clips within seam 20mm wooden deck Waterproof membrane 120mm rigid insulation Vapour control layer Suspended plasterboard ceiling with mechanical ventillation within (Glulam beam in elevation)

F - SKY LIGHT

Extruded aluminium cap frame with flashing Double glazing 40mm vertical isulation Vapour control layer Roofing rafter / backing

150

A 0m

0m

0.5

1

1.5

0.5

1

1.5

2

2

Facade experimentation - as part of the intergenerational space in my building is a dance studio I wanted to create a kinetic facade which links to this activity. I modelled some timber cubes which will move in the wind.

151

152

SUMMER EQUINOX GROUND FLOOR POD PLANS Iso-Contours and Renders showing lux levels

SUMMER EQUINOX FIRST FLOOR POD PLANS WINTER EQUINOX GROUND FLOOR POD PLANS

WINTER EQUINOX FIRST FLOOR POD PLANS

Appendix

Appendix

DAYLIGHT SIMULATION ITERATIONS

153

POD ITERATION 2 (SOUTH FACING)

POD ITERATION 3 (SOUTH FACING)

Appendix

Appendix

POD ITERATION 1 (SOUTH FACING)

SUMMER EQUINOX Iso-Contours and Renders showing lux levels

WINTER EQUINOX Iso-Contours and Renders showing lux levels

154

155

EAST FACING POD

WEST FACING POD

Appendix

Appendix

NORTH FACING POD

SUMMER EQUINOX Iso-Contours and Renders showing lux levels

WINTER EQUINOX Iso-Contours and Renders showing lux levels

156

157

INTERGENERATIONAL SPACE ITERATION 2 (WITH SKYLIGHTS)

Appendix

Appendix

INTERGENERATIONAL SPACE ITERATION 1

SUMMER EQUINOX Iso-Contours and Renders showing lux levels

WINTER EQUINOX Iso-Contours and Renders showing lux levels

158

159

Appendix

LIVING AREA VELUX DAYLIGHT SIMULATIONS

SUMMER EQUINOX Iso-Contours and Renders showing lux levels

WINTER EQUINOX Iso-Contours and Renders showing lux levels

160