Lewis Baylin Portfolio

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

dementia & architecture house of memories

20 21

180365661

Lewis Baylin Newcastle University Academic Portfolio 2020/21

LEWIS BAYLIN

1

Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Lewis Baylin Newcastle University Studio 4 House of Memories Academic Portfolio 2020/21 180365661

2 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Contents Reflective Report

4

Framing

6

Testing

34

Synthesis

68

Cultural Bibliography

100

Bibliography

104

List of Figures

105

Appendix

106

3 Framing

01 // Framing 01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4 HoM // Studio 4

Reflective Report

By Lewis Baylin Newcastle University Studio Tutors: Neveen Hamza & Stuart Franklin House of Memories

This last year of my degree has proved highly rewarding and has helped develop my skills with regards to both digital software and critical thinking. The house of memories studio offers an unmatched design brief, providing new and innovative approaches to therapeutic design.

When reflecting on my learning experience through COVID-19, I have found that my dedication to the course has largely improved. I was able to work longer hours with less distraction. Despite this, the year has also proved complex and difficult at times however I feel the extra time that I have invested has helped me achieve a high degree of resolution in my design project and other modules this year.

The site used for this project is Located along Westgate Road on the campus of ageing and vitality and is currently a live site. The site had one existing building which ran across the northern border of the site and provided an opportunity to preserve and retrofit the building. I had always been fascinated with preservation projects, so I saw this piece of historical fabric as a great opportunity to preserve and repurpose the structure. ARC3014 helped gave insight into the process of delivering and retrofitting a preserved building alongside the regulations and safety tests which need to be taken place to ensure structural safety and reduced exposure to dangerous pollutants such as asbestos. The site also has a 2m change in level running 40 meters down the North-eastern boarder of the site. I initially recognised this change in level as a site constraint, however through precedent research and the study of buildings such as the Sill, I began to recognise this change in level as an opportunity. This installation of an accessible green roof allowed me to integrate within

the site grain and embed the design within the context. This was a very challenging design process however it resulted in design which communicates with the surrounding landscape.

Designing a dementia care facility has helped me understand the scale of which modern day care home facilities fail to support the needs of a patient living with dementia. In the framing phase, I learnt from errors of today’s modern day care home setting and used that information to inform the production of space. I believe that in order to design space, you first must perceive the environments through the lens of the intended user. I used psychological theory learnt in ARC3015 such as I James’s Gibson’s theory of affordances to provide an analytical framework which helps identify what aspects of an environments help the user to complete every-day tasks, and which act as a barrier.

I used this theory to inform both the dementia pod and the wider form of the design in order to create an environment which listens to the needs of a patient living with dementia. Designing from the micro to the macro I felt played a crucial role in underpinning the fundamental qualities of a therapeutic environment, and largely informed the wider project programme.

My own personal exploration of dementia care followed research into an ecological model of care which aimed to respond to the natural environment through both form and function. An exploration into this field was informed through my dissertation research where I had studied the benefits which derive from a connection with the natural environment. I took this a step further and researched the benefits of agricultural therapy in relation to dementia care and found that this was already beginning to take place through “day care” farms in Norway. This research helped me form a strong narrative, one which if feel passionate about.

ARC3013 informed the integration of the ecological approach which I had taken, with re-

4 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

search into the technicalities of integrated PVS and the different types of inhabitable green roof.

Now understanding the needs of a dementia patient, the testing phase allowed me to manipulate environmental conditions through the use of design simulation. Environmental simulations provide quantifiable data which can result in design efficiency, safety and an improved quality of life for people of all ages. Evidence based design has helped me to understand how environmental conditions directly impact upon quality of life, especially to those who are highly sensitive to the environment. So, through using software such as Envi-Met and Velux Lighting, I was able to design in response to the climatic conditions and adapt the design to provide optimum conditions for those living with dementia.

This made the project feel truer to life, as many students including me can often fall victim to design with ignorance to the climatic conditions.

Section Detail 0 2 1:20

4

6

8

10M

This year I attempted to create a strong bond between my dissertation topic, my design project and other related modules in order to satisfy my strong interest in environmental psychology. I have been able to use knowledge from theorists’ such as Jay Appleton and James Gibson to inform my design, in order to create a therapeutic healing environment, which listen to the psychological needs of the users within the space. This year has also development my skills in a medical field of architecture and propelled my interest in pursuing a career in this field in the future.

5 Framing

01 01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

01

I

• Framing Reflection •

n the Framing phase we researched the intimate needs of a dementia patient and critically reflected on modern day examples to understand contemporary issues in the current care systems. We began designing from the cushion of the bed, with a focus on visual cues and reminders to maintain dignity and quality of life for the patient. My personal exploration utilises James Gibson’s theory of affordances to analyse how an environment furnishes the user with either comfort and safety or danger and agitation.

Learning, remembering and feeling space

0

1 // Framing

House of Memories

Dementia and architecture 6 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

7 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Agitation

Living with Dementia You wake up. You walk to the bathroom and look to see your own reflection, but instead an unrecognisable face stare’s back. You are filled with fright and begin to shout in panic. The reflection is in fact yourself, but your only memories of yourself are from many years ago. Dementia currently affects 850,000 people in the UK, with a projection to rise to 1 million by 20251 . Alzheimer’s is a degenerative dis¬ease which is irreversible and has no cure. It distorts perception and cognitive function meaning simple everyday task become much more chal¬lenging. The main symptoms of the dementia are impaired memory, impaired learning, agitation, a struggle to cope with age related challenges and impaired reasoning. This means that simple everyday tasks can be highly challenging, especially in environments which do not easily describe the use of the space.

It is important to maintain self-worth, dignity and happiness of the patient through the production of space.2

Impaired Memory

Symptoms of Dementia

Impaired Learning

Age Related Issues

Impaired Reasoning

8 Framing

01 // Framing

Dementia Age Groups

90-94

95+

85-89

This shows the current age distribution of people living with dementia in the UK, with the majority ranging in the 90-95+ range.

Newcastle Upon Tyne has significantly higher rates than other areas of the UK with recorded average age approximately 65.

75-79

1m

812.5k 750k

2020

People with Dementia in the UK The current number of people living with dementia in the UK is 875,000, projected to rise to 1 million by 2025. Due the diseases uncurable nature, there is greater importance on how space is designed and manipulated to creates environments which help to reduce the progression of Alzheimer’s.

875.5k

2015

Dementia in the UK

70-74 80-84

2010

HoM // Studio 4

2025

Where People Live with Dementia

Care Homes Community

A current issue in today’s society is the quantity of undiagnosed people living with dementia.

Without diagnosis this means they do not receive the support needed and are still a large part of the community.

Men vs Women with Dementia

350,000 Men

The data shows that women are at a much high risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, with 500,000 women compared to 350,000 women in the UK. Women over 60 are also two times as likely to develop dementia than breast cancer. This shows that women are highly susceptible to dementia and it is important to have a framework which focuses fairly on both genders.3

500,000 Women

9 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Project Declaration The Importance of Natural Light & Ventilation Natural light and ventilation are key aspects of the care home environment determine particular behaviours. Natural lighting is important for the dementia patient as it can maintain a natural circadian rhythm and promote a healthy sleeping routine. Natural Ventilation can improve air quality and reduce overall building energy consumption. Stale environments can lead to thermal anaesthesia which can increases agitation levels in patients.

Breaking Down the Institutional Setting Many care homes of today offer very poor environments which are not tuned to the needs of a dementia patient. Long corridors, artificial lighting and a poor connection to the natural environment.

These are common attributes of the institutional care home setting. It is important to challenge the errors in today’s care home industry in order to understand how to improve for the future.

Healing Spaces with User-centric Design A person living with dementia may struggle to take on simple everyday tasks, so it is important to design around the needs of the user. Understanding how the patient will perceive the environment will help the designer better understand how to design for the user. It could be suggested that therapeutic environments are underpinned by their connection to natural environment, maintaining this throughout the facility is a key consideration when designing.

Integration of the Wider Community Intergenerational activities play an important role in slowing the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Integrating the community and local schools will provide the patients with positive distractions and the opportunity for social interaction. The proposed urban farm provides the perfect opportunity to participate with the younger generations through agricultural therapy.

10 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Animal Therapy & Agricultural Activity My personal exploration led me into researching the benefits associated with the human animal-interaction. Animals and agricultural activity offer positive distractions for the dementia patients and help them connect with the natural environment resulting in feelings of self-worth and reduced agitation. The experience does not need to be conscious in order to reap the benefits associated with connecting to the natural environment. The Norwegian model of day “care farms”4 currently highlights the need for the connection between agriculture and dementia care, however through the weaving of an urban farm into the facility takes the approach to another level of lived experience.

11 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

City Scape The site is located on Westgate Road in Newcastle Upon Tyne, on the Campus of Aging & Vitality.

Currently the site is occupied by a 74-meter building which runs across the northern boarder of the site. The site previously situated the Newcastle General hospital however the site has now been cleared for the delivery of the new Dementia Research facility.

12 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

13 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

An Ecological Approach to Dementia Care An ecological approach to dementia care embodies a response to the natural environment through both form and function. The form utilises the site topography, providing an accessible green roof which restores the land from which it takes up. The function of the site was inspired by research into the benefits of human-animal interaction in relation to dementia care, leading to the integration of an urban farm within the site. This function holds a marriage between agriculture and animal-therapy, affording a multisensory experience which transpires in feelings of happiness and improved mood whilst slowing the development of Alzheimer’s.

I aim to connect with neighbouring farms, following in the same vein as Ouseburn city farm located 3.23km away.

14 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

15 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Climatic Conditions Sun Path The sun path will help to inform the programmatic decisions made, prioritising the residential clusters and reducing concern for less sensitive spaces such as locker rooms and staff areas. This means that the residential areas will be located furthest to the south of the site.

Prevailing Wind The wind rose shows the predominant wind speeds moving from South West to North East and will require vegetive protection and building form to reduce the wind speeds around the residential blocks.

Places of Historical Significance The site has just recently been cleared with the only building left on the site located along the northern border of the site. Retrofitting and preserving this building is a key part of my site master plan, with aims to integrate the building as a core part of the design, preserving the site history. The site will provide views out to the neighbouring church.

Exisitng Site Building

Campus for Ageing & Vitality

Site Newcastle Apostolic Church

16 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Immediate Site Fabric These images show the key materials and views of the immediate context and around the site. The neighbouring area is relatively deprived and cut off from the site.

An important aspect of the site master plan would be integrating the community into the facility and landscape.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

17 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Site Integration & Preservation

New Community Routes to Site Site Road Access to Site Demolished Site Buildings 0

20

40

60

80M

Existing Spatial Arrangements The site currently has a building running across the north of the site which I have previously mentioned the importance of maintain the site fabric. The recently demolished buildings are shown by the grey dashed line. There is also a preservation order on the site for the existing trees, maintaining as many existing trees as possible aligns with my vision of the site.

The site currently has a 2m change in level running 40 meters down the North Eastern area of the site. The provides opportunity to integrate the building within the existing site context.

18 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Stage 1 Stage one of the construction process will include the identification of the existing trees on the site and removing a layer of topsoil before the construction process takes place.

Stage 2 The preserved building will be retrofit with a steel frame structural support and used a shell.

The ground will be excavated as plans to use the existing site topography.

Stage 3 The foundations will be dug out beneath the load bearing walls and the ground source will be ready for installation in the intended courtyard space.

2M

0

10

20

40M

40M

Site Section North - South

19 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Oppertunities to Integrate the Wider Community The local community held a host of interactive opportunities to involve within the dementia care facility. Intergenerational activities can play a vital role in slowing the development of Alzheimer’s, so utilising the six local school’s in the urban farm within the site offers benefits for both parties. The local context is also highly diverse, with a range of ethnicities and religions within the neighbourhood. This includes Newcastle Mosque and Newcastle Apostolic Church within close proximity of the site, providing religious services for the residents.

20 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

21 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Tackling Contemporary Issues Institutional Environment

Poor Connection to Nature

Lack of Natural Light and Ventilation

Poor Circulation/ Lack of Wandering Path

Issues in Carehomes Today

Lost Sense of Home

Feelings of Disorientation / Confinement

Lack of ownership

Isolation from Wider Community

Contemporary issues in the standard institutional care home setting start from the individual dementia pods.

There is lack of natural light and ventilation, a poor connection to the natural environment, isolation from neighbouring pods and a lost sense of home. I used contemporary issues to inform my personal pod design. Creating a two-pod module opened up a central space which can then be utilised for a different purpose.

22 Framing

01 // Framing

Designing from the Bed

HoM // Studio 4

The core aspects of the design were: - Built in storage and furniture.

- Views out to the natural environment, utilising a window seat.

- Views to the toilet seat from the bed.

- A sensory wall which provides stimulation to the patient.

- Personalisation through a space to place a familiar piece of furniture.

- A desk space to write, read or perform arts and crafts.

23 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

The Application of Affordances

“Design must be a barrier against irritation instead of the incitement to it” - Richard Neutra

Psychologist James Gibson5 provides an analytical framework which helps the designer to begin to read the world in the same way as the user of the space.

Understanding what spaces afford the user visual cues to the lavatory to maintain integrity and independence. Which spaces offer an intimate yet controlled connection with the natural environment? This psychological theory helps to underpin the key affordances that enable a person living with dementia to live an independent, rich life.

24 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

The 6 Affordances of the Pod

An adaptable room is a key aspect of the environment. It affords users at varied levels of illness or disability to access the external environment even if confined to the bed. The bed can be wheeled out into the outdoor space, maintaining a connection with the natural environment.

The bi-folding doors offer an expense of natural light and stimulation to the external environment and provide controlled access for users at varied levels of illness. The patio area affords a sheltered space for bed-ridden patients to access.

The Tactile sensory wall will provide a multisensory experience through a collaboration with local artist Fiona grey, incorporating tactile tiles which have been created using prints from flowers gathered in the Northumberland countryside.

The central social space between the pods affords the opportunity for protected social interaction, combatting the loneliness epidemic in the ageing population.

Personalisation plays an important role in the patient having familiarity and ownership over their own personal space. This allows them to create a home away from home and inhabit the space with an understanding that it is theirs and not a hotel etc.

Natural light is a highly important aspect of design within the dementia pod, however there is great importance in manipulating the light so that the patient does not interpret the strong shadow as void space in the ground. Solar shading affords the breakup of light intensity whilst providing high levels of natural light.

25 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Pod Module Developement

Volume

Recessed Area

Roof Light

Modular Cluster

L-Shaped Modular Cluster

L-Shaped Modular Cluster wit Curve

26 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Block Cluster The block cluster created a section of the building, which was private and controlled, whilst encouraging social interaction between the residents in an open plan living space. The social space however did not provide views sufficient views into the natural environment.

L-Shaped Cluster

Nord Architects Alzheimers Village

The L-shaped cluster provided external views from both the induvial pod and the external open plan living space. The living space also provided a wandering path within the individual cluster and thereby encouraging a more natural freedom to circulate the space.

27 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Initial Massing & Programme

Volume

Central Courtuard

Residential Pods in Repose to Sun Path

Wandering Path & Community Integration

28 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Early Massing Study Iterations

For my initial iteration I aimed to use the sun path to inform the location of the residential blocks and created a courtyard which had both passive surveillance and a wandering path. This iteration however did not provide substantial accommodation to meet the brief.

This iteration is designed with the correct brief requirements and works functionally in terms of spatial organisation, however the design attempts to detach itself from the 2-meter change in level by moving 40 meters south where the change in level dissipates. This also leaves the preserved building in isolation and detached from the design.-

29 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Spatial Hierarchy Natural Light & Ventilation

Privacy

Connection with Nature

High Significance Courtyards/ Gardens Residential Pod

Residential Pod

Entrance/ Reception Treatment/ Consultation Rooms

Family/ Shared Area Staff Rooms

Function Space

Residential Pod

Staff Rooms

Function Space Courtyards/ Gardens

Meeting Rooms Storage/ Plant Rooms Storage/ Plant Rooms

Treatment/ Consultation Rooms

Family/ Shared Area

Entrance/ Reception

Bathrooms

Wandering Path Function Space

Wandering Path

Staff Rooms

Family/ Shared Area

Meeting Rooms

Wandering Path Treatment/ Consultation Rooms

Courtyards/ Gardens

Bathrooms

Meeting Rooms Bathrooms

Entrance/ Reception

Storage/ Plant Rooms

Low Significance

Programmatic Concept

30 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Programmatic Strategy Campus for Ageing & Vitality Play Area

Residential Modules

Residential Modules

Family Area

Consultation and Staff Rooms

Consultation and Staff Rooms

Proposed Public Route

Staff Area and Offices

Preserved Site Building

Dementia Village

Residential Modules

Residential Modules

Brighton Grove Residential Area

Family Area

Urban Farm Community Cafe

Winter Garden

Play Area

The Gardens Carehome, Sweden The Gardens care home situates a courtyard and shared living space at the heart of the facility. Creating a sense of community at the heart of the facility is a notion I wish to take forward in my own personal design and one that is present in other therapeutic environments such as the Maggie’s Centre’s with the symbolic dining table at the centre of the facility.

31 Framing

site visit

Maggies, Leeds

creating a therapeutic environment

01 // Framing HoM // Studio 4

32 Framing

01 // Framing

HoM // Studio 4

Welcoming entrance

The Maggies Philosphy Maggie Jenks was a landscape architect and wife to architectural theorists Charles Jenks and was inspired to form the Maggie’s centres through her own negative experiences in the institutional setting . The Maggie’s Centre in Leeds in particular captures the philosophy of a therapeutic environment and enforces an ecological approach through its form and function, utilising an intensive green roof.

The brief for a Maggie’s Centre: - Welcoming entrance.

- A space to pause beyond the door.

- Garden - A dining table at the heart of the building - A Focus on artwork - A sustainable approach to design Taking these principles into my own design where possible I feel is key to producing a therapeutic environment.

A space to pause beyond the door

Garden

Art work throughout

A table at the heart of the building

33 Framing

02 HoM // Studio 4

02

D

• Testing •

uring the testing phase we used knowledge acquired from framing along side new knowledge on the importance of climatic conditions in relation to dementia care. People with dementia are highly sensitive environmental conditions such as wind speeds, daylight levels and ventilation.

We began learning how to use software such as Envi-Met and Velux to inform our design iterations. This method of evidence-based design provides a way of quantifying environment data and using real life simulation to manipulates environments so that they improve well-being and quality of life for the patients. Throughout this phase I focus on responding to the sun path, light studies, shadows and prevailing winds in order to produce a therapeutic environment which listens to the psychological needs of the user.

Rediscovering space

0

2 // Staging House of Memories

Dementia & Architecture

34 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

35 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Material Strategy Cross-Laminated Timber -CLT will be used in the primary and secondary structural elements.

-CLT has a low embodied energy.

-High degree of prefabrication can be achieved.

-Timber produces a warm tactile sensation when touched.

-Visual benefits to health and well-being.

Anodised Aluminium Bronze Cladding -Connects with the rustic farm material palette.

-Provides a cold tactile sensation when touched.

-Anodized aluminium will not fade and is easier to repair compared to powder coated aluminum.

Cedar Shingle Cladding -Connects with traditional barn style typology.

-Brings detail and texture to the façade design.

-Highly durable and stable.

-Follows the environmental friendly approach and can be locally sourced.

Preserved Limestone -Utilising preserved shell structure from existing site building -Connecting with materiality of the surrounding Campus for Aging & Vitality -Free preserved material

36 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Structure & Design Language precedent studies

Milan Expo 2015 The Milan Expo uses a series of portal frames to provide structural support throughout the design with a glazed roof system. This design language is rhythmic provides an open-air environment inside. I plan to use a glulam portal frame structure in my building design.

Opole Rural Museum The Opole Rural Museum uses two types of stained shingle cladding an adaptable façade as well which acts as a solar shading system. This design palette resonates with my personal narrative and utilises sustainably sourced materials.

37 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Pod Module Iteration The pod module is a key space which requires a detail level of development in order to afford a space which the user can easily read. In the testing stage it was important to understand how different iterations of the pod module introduced light into the space in the most controlled yet efficient form.

Target Illumnance:200 LUX All Images created from 12pm Overcast

38 Testing

02 // Testing

01

HoM // Studio 4

Pod with Solid Roof East

Iteration 01 utilised a curved glazed screen, however this led to intense levels of sunlight within the pods for each orientation. The curved screen provided a strong connection to the natural environment however the sunlight would create shadows which could be perceived as void spaces by the patient.

South

West

02

Pod with Solid Roof East

This iteration shows a more functional angular shape which is slightly more recessed than the previous iteration. This provides an accessible space out on the patio for the dementia patient however intensities of sunlight were still measured at over 700 lux in large areas of the pod.

South

West

03

Pod with Solid Roof East

The third iteration shows a halfrecessed area and the utilisation of solar shading to reduce light intensities. This proved effective and reduce light intensities however there was need for a more even distribution of natural light. The next iteration will require indirect natural light using the roof scape.

South

West

39 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Residential Pod Design spatial duality

40 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Design Features 1- This double function space provides a social seating area outside of each pod to provide points of rest and interaction around the wandering path. The seating spaces provide guided views into the courtyard space.

2- This is a space for a memory box and provides recognisable photographs or ornaments to help the user identify their own territory.

3- The sensory wall will utilise tactile art worked that I created in the thinking through making stage and integrate a token of the Northumberland countryside within the pods.

4- The desk space provides a space to read, write or other hobbies which can be taken on their own initiative.

5- Bed side cabinet provide space to personalise with ornaments and memorable photographs, but also acts as an element of privacy.

6- The en-suite provides disabled access for patients at different levels of illness.

7- A personalised chair can be brought in from their own homes if necessary, maintaining a coherent sense of home throughout the dementia pod.

8- The window seat provides a comfort space which allows the patient to connect with the natural environment on a more intimate level.

9- Shared bathroom created from the pod module organisation.

10- Shared seating area provides opportunity for social interaction; combatting the loneliness pandemic that the ageing population currently suffers with.

Light Simulation with imported light study showing even distribution of light throughout the pod 41 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Pod Daylight Analysis

East Orientation

South Orientation

West Orientation

21st June

21st March

The ideal distribution of daylight within the pods is 200 LUX, this is achieved through the current design orientation, with the sky light providing additional light deeper into the pods.

21st December

42 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Providing Natural Ventilation The pod is designed to provide two types of natural ventilation., this includes stack ventilation using the Velux sky light and cross-ventilation.

Natural ventilation reduces mechanical ventilation costs and also reduces the patients chance of developing thermal anaesthesia in stale environments.

Overhang Shading

The overhang provides a sheltered patio area which protects the patient from intense levels of natural light. This helps to reduce strong contrast in shadows within the pod, meaning that the patient does not mistake the shadows for a void space.

43 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

An Intimate Threshold integrating small scale sustainable measures

Grey Water Harvesting through Facade (a) When attempting to integrate both sustainability and intimacy with nature into the dementia pod, I collaborated ideas of grey water harvesting, and light control using technical qualities within the façade. The grey water harvesting system as shown uses the patio area to harvest and collect grey water. Within my personal exploration in the render shown on the right, I had integrated a self-sufficient grey water harvesting system which channels water into a small planting system, with excess water released into the ground.

Kintic Facade and Daylight Regulator (b) The kinetic façade system in the ‘Petting Farm’ shows the adaptable design of space through a rhythmic movement of the façade. I have taken qualities from this design and applied them to instead the control of light.

I have proposed a motorised system which will allow the patient to adjust the lighting levels as desired.

44 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

• A Integrated Connection with Nature •

Prospect & Refuge “ to see without being seen”

45 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Tactile Art Installation thinking through making - working with local artist

For thinking through making, I wanted to create a tactile installation for the sensory wall would integrate a token of the Northumberland countryside. I was inspired by local artist Fiona Grey and decided to create my own tactile tiles.

Art work throughout

Materials & Cultivation I foraged for wildflowers in a similar fashion to artist Fiona grey, collecting them from the Northumberland countryside. I used clay and a small frame to cast the tiles into a square shape.

Flower Press I then pressed the flower into the lay in order to create an inverse cast of the flowers and left them under pressure for several minutes.

Inverse Cast Next, removing the flowers from the clay print and use plaster to create a cast of the inverse flower detail. I let the cast site for 30 minutes before removing the clay and frame.

46 Testing

northumberland countryside

Tacatile Art Tile

creating a therapeutic environment

02 // Testing HoM // Studio 4

47 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Application of Installation

Mouser Care Furnishing Systems When creating the sensory wall wanted to create a multisensory experience through tactile natural art like the Mouser Care Furnishing Systems. This allows the patient to engage in environment which simulates the natural and lead to reduced agitation and improved mood through positive distractions for the patients..

Sensory Wall & Tactile Art This render shows the response to both the Mouser Care Furnishing precedent study and the thinking through making piece. The application of the tactile tiles will provide an intimate yet safe connection with the natural environment.

Shadow Study The light studies on the right show how the kinetic façade system can them be perforated with the same design language and connection to the natural environment. Plant shadows can sometimes be mistaken for disturbing visions or void spaces, so by making the shadow geometric and abstract, this can be avoided.

48 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

• Application of Art to Perforated Kinetic Facde •

• Abstract Shadow Pattern Derived from Foraged Flower •

49 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

• Massing in Response to Environmentsl Conditions •

50 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Key Massing Study Iterations

Creating a Functional Space

09:00

12:00

18:00

My original design failed to acknowledge the site topography and the reserved building on the site. The building worked programmatically but I did not respond to the context of the site. The courtyard space was largely overshadowed as show on the studies above.

Integration of Preserved Building

09:00

12:00

18:00

This iteration began to incorporate the existing preserved site building and the 2-meter change in level through the introduction of an accessible green roof.

The courtyard was still largely shaded by the southern residential block.

Utilising the Site Topography

09:00

12:00

18:00

This iteration shows a more resolved accessible green roof, through digging down 1 meter it provided a 3-meter space to integrate a floor underneath the existing site topography.

I Then orientated the Eastern residential block to maximise sunlight exposure.

51 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Creating an Entrance

52 Testing

02// Testing 02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Welcoming entrance

“the roof garden, restoring, the area of the ground covered by the house.”

-

Le Corbusier

The Sill Creating a first impression is key to any therapeutic environment, so making an entrance which is safe yet engaging was key to my design process. Through utilising the existing site topography, I was able to integrate an accessible green roof whilst recessing the entrance point to create a safe sheltered environment. The Sill forms a similar relationship with the site typography and inspired the design of the green roof. Moreover, I created a dementia friendly chicken coup which is symbolic of my general building form.

53 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Entrance Development

I spent a long time trying to create an entrance space which utilised the existing site topography.

This is an early concept sketch however the level change has been misunderstood. I instead had to dig down into the site fabric in order to produce a 3-meter-high space beneath the green roof.

For the intergenerational space, I wanted to create a space which was adaptable ad interchangeable depending upon its required need.

This elevation study shows the adaptable space when the kinetic façade is closed. This kinetic façade provides a continuity of language connecting to the individual pod façade systems. This timber cladding also provides solar shading however it may be read as a closed environment due to the nature and spacing of the cladding.

54 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

• Integrating Adaptable Space •

Creating Adaptable Spaces Creating an adaptable space for the community which is both inviting and functional was key to this design idea. This area of the building is called the agricultural research area and provides a space for the neighbouring schools and the local community to come and spend time researching, studying, and interacting with different farm animals. This opens as a functional space for bringing livestock into the courtyard space when necessary.

55 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Massing Study Iterations maintaining an intimate and equal connection the natural environment

This massing shows the two-story residential blocks which have been orientated in order to increase natural sunlight.

The first story residential blocks would be able to utilise roof lights to increase indirect natural light however there we be restricted access to the natural environment. The two-story residential blocks would also increase shading over the courtyard space at varied times of the years and day.

The next iteration was focused on providing equal access the natural environments and equal access to natural daylight. Through creating an 8-person pod module it meant that every resident could have an equal share of the environmental benefits. Furthermore, this would also reduce overshadowing in the courtyard space.

56 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Testing Iterations

These lighting studies show the distribution of light at 12:00 on the 21st of June, although there are high levels of natural light, there is an uneven distribution of light within the induvial pods for patients living on the ground floor compared to those living on the first floor. Similarly, the pods on the ground floor have easier access to the external environment compared to their first-floor counterparts.

East

South

West

East

The ground floor 8 pod module utilises a sky light for each induvial pod and provides an even distribution of lighting throughout the room. The studies were taken at the same time and date as the simulation above. These benefits follow into the open plan shared areas, with all patients having equal access to the natural environment and daylight.

04

05

South

West

57 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Pod Structural System

06 1 – Bi-folding doors offering visual and physical access to the outdoors.

2 – Perforated timber partition providing privacy but also the opportunity for social interaction.

East

South

3 – Kinetic façade window seat with integrated grey water harvesting system.

4 – Integrated Photovoltaics into the curved roof profile.

West

5 – Sky light providing natural lighting and ventilation 6 – Bauder extensive green roof

58 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

8 Pod Module The exploded structural axonometric shows the integrated sustainability measures, structural components and the relationship to the open plan living space.

07 1 - Kinetic façade window seat with integrated grey water harvesting system.

2 – 8 Pod Module 3 – Primary CLT structural frame for open plan living space.

4 – Primary CLT Frame for 8 pod module structure.

5 – Secondary structural timber joists 6 – Bauder extensive green roof.

7 - Integrated Photovoltaics into the curved roof profile.

8 – Velux roof light to increase 59 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Plan Design Issues

Seperating Public & Private

Making A Clear Wondering Path

One issues that was identified was the lack separation between public and private spaces.

People could potentially wander into patient consultation rooms or other private areas.

This could prove dangerous for either patients or staff if an unwanted member of the public infiltrated the facility.

It was then important to compartment the external garden space and create a wandering path internally and externally. The wider site wandering path may lead to disorientation for the patient, so it is important to continue design language around the courtyard space.

60 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Plan Adjustments

Resolving First Floor Plans

Continuation of Design Language

I adjusted the wider patient wandering path through a redirected channel which provides visual access to the central courtyard and physical access to the onsite shop and barbers. This reduces and controls movement in more private areas of the facility.

The northwest region off the design failed to speak the same language as the more organic eastern area of the facility.

Through continuing the design language it provided a space which can then be used as the winder site wandering path, and controlling views into the courtyard space.

61 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Final Massing Shadow Study

09:00

12:00

18:00

21st June

21st March

21st December

62 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Natural Ventilation

Natural Ventilation and Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery Natural Ventilation Strategies: - Crossflow Ventilation - Stack Effect - Top-down ventilation - Single Side ventilation Mechanical ventilation also be used throughout the facility and within the individual pods, the use of negative pressure in the en suites of the pods will help to ventilate the individual rooms.

The heat recovery system maintains heat energy from warm stail air as it passes through a heated metal plate and reheats incoming fresh air5.

Grey Water Harvesting

Run Off Clothes Washing

FIlter Unit

Underground Water Storage

Toilet Flushing

OverFlow Ground

Pump Garden Water

63 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Structural System & Integrated Sustainability

1) Primary - Foundations and Concrete Floor Slab 2) Primary - Glulam Portal Frames and Supporting Frames 3) Primary - Concrete Cores 4) Secondary - CLT Wall, Floor and Roof Panels

8

5) Secondary - Timber Support Joists 6) Tertiary - Glazing 7) Tertiary - External Cladding 8) Tertiary - Roof Finish, Integrated Pv and Green Roof

4

6

3

2

1

7 5

Integrated Photovoltaics

64 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Stage 4 Stage 4 shows the primary structural elements that are positioned onsite, this includes the glulam portal frame, concrete floor slabs and concrete cores

Stage 5 Stage 5 shows the the secondary structural elements that are constructed, elements such as the timber joists and CLT roof and wall panels are positioned in place.

Stage 6 Lastly the landscaping connecting the dementia village to the south of the site will be created and the semi-intensive green roof will be laid on the appropriate areas of the site.

0

4

8

12

16

20M

Site Section 1:200

65 Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Environmental Simulation manipulating wind speeds around the site

Site Observation & Aims When using the environmental simulator, it was key to assure that wind speeds were regulated at the entrance points around the building as well as the external spaces that the patients had access to. The prevailing winds were directed from the 235 degrees meaning that a protective layer was necessary to allow patients to use their patio spaces.It was important to reduce wind speeds, but not completely stop the wind as that would reduce the natural ventilation that the winds provide.

The wind simulations on the right are shown for a previous iteration however some of the results are incorrect.

66 Testing

02 // Testing

HoM // Studio 4

Adjustments to Combat Prevailing Wind

In response to the Envi-Met simulation it was clear that additional vegetive barriers were necessary to reduce the prevailing winds and noise pollution from the surrounding roads. This also provides views out into nature for the patients.

Recessing the entrance point provides a sheltered space which is free from wind.

This reduced wind speeds and assured the entrance point was safe and located in the opposite direction to the prevailing winds.

The protected courtyard space allows the patients, public and staff to safely access the external environment whilst being protected from the prevailing winds. The building has been designed to shelter the in internal courtyard however if the environment becomes too stale this can lead to thermal anaesthesia.

67 Testing

03 HoM // Studio 4

03

D

•Synthesis •

uring the synthesis phase I worked closely in developing spaces experienced by both the public and the patient. I aimed to convey the ecological narrative as strongly as possible in this section whilst still paying homage the urban grain and preservation of the site.

I created atmospherics of key thresholds around the site, further showing the relationship between the building and the immediate context.

An optimistic space

0

3 // Synthesis House of Memories

Dementia & Architecture

68 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

69 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Process Diagrams

Overshadowing Courtyard

Wind Channel

Subtraction

70 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

Following Sun Orientation

Two Story Pod Structure

Curved Green Roof

HoM // Studio 4

Single Story Module

Continuation of Design Language

Resolved Design

71 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Final Iteration Site Plan

Wind Rose

Winter Sun Path

Summer Sun Path

72 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

73 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Integrating within the Site Fabric

This isometric image shows the relationship between surrounding context and my design. I aimed to show the intimate scale of the building and how it seamlessly sinks into the surrounding context. The design is considerate of the surrounding building heights and instead spreads the full expanse of the site. I overlayed an environmental simulation over the isometric model to show the protected courtyard space and entrances points, highlighting how the vegetative barrier provides relief from the prevailing winds.

74 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

75 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

76 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Preservation & Retrofit of Existing Site Fabric Preservation is a key aspect when maintaining an honest connection to the urban grain. This building was once used as part of the Newcastle General Infirmary but will now live on beyond the lives of its demolished counterparts. I was inspired to reuse part of the space as a winter garden, affording a connection to the natural environment even in winter for the dementia patients and the public. Due to the orientation of the building, it was important to introduce a glazed roof system to maximise north light. I also reinforced the structure with a steel frame in order to maintain structural integrity of the space. I wanted to maintain the original limestone brick, but also add timber shingles and cladding with anodized bronze in connection with traditional farm materials.

Componants 1 - Anodized aluminium bronze window cladding 2 - Stained larch cladding 3 - Stained timber shingle cladding 4 - Integrated photovoltaics into roof profile 5 - Glazed roof system 6 - Steel structural frame 7 - Anodized aluminium bronze window cladding and mullions 8 - Triple glazed glass

77 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

A Welcoming Entrance New & Old prospect & refuge This perspective shows a street view of the building and the relationship between new and old, form and function.

This follows Jay Appleton’s theory of prospect and refuge providing a protected recessed entrance or accessible green roof which breaths views over the courtyard space. This shows how the sheep are free to graze the green roof space and maintain the landscape in a controlled and safe way.

78 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

The Public Journey

79 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Agricultural Research Area intergenerational space

80 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4 The Public Journey

81 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Section Detail 0 2 1:20

4

6

8

10M

82 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4 The Public Journey

Agricultural Research Area technical study

The agricultural research area is an intergenerational space which provides opportunity for patients, neighbouring schools, and the wider community to interact and take part in agricultural therapy. This detail shows the relationship between the atmosphere and the technical qualities of the space.

This window space will provide natural daylight and ventilation in both winter and summer. The small trickle vents will provide natural ventilation in the winter and the larger window opening will provide natural ventilation through summer.

83 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

84 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Resolved Ground Floor Plan A table at the heart of the building

• 2 Minuite Timed Concept Drawing •

Wandering Path with Passive Surveillance

Wider Site Wandering Path - Restricted Times

85 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

86 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Resolved First Floor Plan

• 30 Second Timed Concept Drawing •

87 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Section Through Central Courtyard public vs private

88 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

89 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

East Elevation

90 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

91 Synthesis

“all really inhabited space bears the essence of the notion of home” - Gaston Bachelard

HoM // Studio 4

A Home Away From Home

PERSONALISATION & POSITIVE DISTRACTIONS

DAYLIGHT AND NATURE

CONTRASTING COLOURS

92 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

The Patient Journey

93 Synthesis

creating positive distractions

A Focus on Nature creating a therapeutic environment

HoM // Studio 4

94 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4 The Patient Journey

95 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Prospect & Refuge prospect & refuge

96 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

The Patient Journey

97 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Healing Garden

The Patient Journey

external wandering path

98 Synthesis

03// Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

99 Synthesis

HoM // Studio 4

Cultural Bibliography

Lock Down Design Business When I first moved into my new university home at the start of the year, I was in the process of making my bedroom a homely environment. I thought to myself it would be nice to have some football related artwork on the wall. So, I looked on Etsy to find something which I liked before realising maybe I could just make something myself? This was the start of my small lockdown business venture. 9 months and 400 sales later I have created a small and somewhat successful print design business which feels just like a hobby or something creative to do aside from architecture. This has proved quite challenging at times balancing print orders and university work however it has been a great project that will hopefully continue to grow in conjunction with my career in architecture.

100

HoM // Studio 4

Architects for Health Student Design Awards Competition 2021 This year I was nominated to submit my building into the Architects for Health Student Design Awards Competition 2021.

The AfH is a healthcare orientated architect association and hosts health care webinars and a host of other health related design education services. The field of healthcare design is one that is deeply rooted in my interests through both personal experience and through designing a dementia care facility this year.

An Ecological Approach to Dementia Care

By Lewis Baylin Newcastle University Studio Tutors: Neveen Hamza & Stuart Franklin lewisbaylin20@gmail.com

You wake up. You walk to the bathroom and look to see your own reflection, but instead an unrecognisable face stare’s back. You are filled with freight and begin to shout in panic. The reflection is yourself, but your only memories of yourself are from many years ago. Dementia currently affects 850,000 people in the UK, with projection to rise to 1.6 million by 2040. This project aims to challenge the modern-day institutional care home setting and create a framework which acknowledges the needs of people living with dementia whilst integrating the wider community.

Does the space afford visual cues to the lavatory to maintain independence and integrity of the patient? And does the space offer an intimate yet controlled connection with the natural environment? Richard Neutra reminds us that “design must be the barrier against irritation instead of the incitement to it”. This is ever more important when designing for vulnerable and frail. The use of evidence-based design offers an informative design process which uses environmental simulation and daylight studies to create optimum living conditions for those living with dementia, reducing agitation and sensory overload for the patients.

The current site for this project is located on Westgate Road in Newcastle Upon Tyne, on the Campus of Ageing & Vitality. The deprived residential area of Arthurs Hill neighbours the Eastern region of the site. My project preserves the only non-demolished building on the site, integrating the historical fabric into the project.

Next, I focused on designing a modular L-shaped pod cluster, designed without corridors. The open plan living space provides privacy for each individual pod whilst offering positive distractions through controlled views outwards into the courtyard space. An internal and external wandering path offers the patient feelings of freedom and empowerment, allowing them to move naturally without reaching a corridor end and becoming agitated.

An ecological approach to dementia care embodies a response to the natural environment through both form and function. The form utilises the site topography, providing an accessible green roof which restores the land from which it takes up. The function of the site was inspired by research into the benefits of human-animal interaction in relation to dementia care, leading to the integration of an urban farm within the site. This function holds a marriage between agriculture and animal-therapy, affording a multisensory experience which transpires in feelings of self-worth and improved mood whilst slowing the development of Alzheimer’s.

The overall form of the building has a focus on maintaining a consistent connection to the natural environment, to benefit both the wider community, the patients and the staff. Benefits which arise from such connection are somewhat deterministic to one’s health on both a physical and mental level at all stages of the human condition. They should not be ignored.

I began this project designing from the small scale, the individual dementia pods.

The fundamental qualities of this spaces relied on understanding how a person living with dementia will perceive the environment.

House of Memories

• Design Competition Submission •

101

HoM // Studio 4

Recreating Studio Culture

COVID-19 home learning has been a very challenging experience for many people across the world. I was lucky enough to live with 5 other architecture students and together we attempted to reform the studio environment. This reconnected our home with the studio atmosphere and helped us to maintain high spirits in such a challenging time.

102

HoM // Studio 4

Influential Readings

Thematic Case Studies

Terrassenhaus

These chosen thematic case studies helped to inform some of my design language studies and gave structural insight in to producing spaces at different levels of scale. Due to the nature of dementia care it was hard to use the precedents through programmatic design.

11 Hebelstrasse Apartment Along A Party Wall Herzog & de Meuron Thematic Housing Typology Isobel Prosser, Benoit Rawlings, Jiwoo Kim Philip Russell, Hana Baraka

Brandlhuber+ Edme, Burlon and Muck Petzet Architekten Berlin 2018

City Ruins ARC 3001 2020-21 Sergison Bates Case Study Urban Housing Vienna, Austria 2013

Wohnheim Sargfabrik BKK-2 Architects Co-Housing Vienna, Austria

Studio 1 A Manifesto for Housing Thomas Adams Alexander McCall Samuel Hare Eleanor Jarah Dawei Zhao

103

HoM // Studio 4

Bibliography Bibliography 1 Alzheimer’s Society. 2021. Facts for the media. [online] Available at: <https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-us/ news-and-media/facts-media> [Accessed 11 February 2021].

2 Baylin, L., 2021. Rediscovering Space ARC3015.

Undergraduate. Newcastle University.

3 Alzheimer’s Research UK. n.d. Women and Dementia: A Marginalised Majority | Alzheimer’s Research UK. [online] Available at: <https://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/about-us/ our-influence/policy-work/reports/women-dementia/> [Accessed 9 February 2021].

4 de Bruin, S., Pedersen, I. and Eriksen, S., 2018.

Care Farming for People with Dementia; What Can Healthcare Leaders Learn from This Innovative Care Concept?. [online] Available at: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC7071884/> [Accessed 9 February 2021].

5 James J. Gibson, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1986), pp.127-43

104

HoM // Studio 4

List of Figures List of Figures -

Any other Figure has been produced by myself.

Page Number: 27 Nordarchitects.dk. n.d. [online] Available at: <https://www.nordarchitects.dk/alzheimer-dax> [Accessed 11 January 2021].

Page Number: 31 Archello. n.d. The Gardens, Carehome for elderly | Marge Arkitekter AB | Archello. [online] Available at: <https://archello.com/project/the-gardens-carehome-for-elderly> [Accessed 10 March 2021].

Page Number: 33 Floornature.com. n.d. Heatherwick Studio has completed the new Maggie’s Centre in Leeds | Floornature. [online] Available at: <https://www.floornature.com/heatherwick-studio-has-completed-new-maggieas-centre-leeds-15674/> [Accessed 15 February 2021].

Page Number: 36 Nes-solutions.co.uk. n.d. Anodised Cladding Fabricator UK | Anodised Aluminium Cladding – NES Solutions. [online] Available at: <https://www.nes-solutions.co.uk/cladding/anodised-aluminium-cladding> [Accessed 10 February 2021].t Page Number:37 Etherington, R., 2019. Admin building for Opole Rural Museum by db2 Architekci | Dezeen. [online] Dezeen. Available at: <https://www.dezeen.com/2009/10/06/admin-buildingfor-opole-rural-museum-by-db2-architekci/> [Accessed 7 April 2021].

Page Number:37 LUSIARDI, F., n.d. Milan | EXPO 2015 | Pavilion of Spain | Inexhibit. [online] Inexhibit. Available at: <https://www.inexhibit. com/case-studies/milan-expo-2015-pavilion-spain/> [Accessed 3 February 2021].

Page Number 44: Unknown Figure (a) Page Number 44: Figure (b) ArchDaily. 2020. Petting Farm / 70F Architecture. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/29965/petting-farm-70f-architecture> [Accessed 11 January 2021].

Page Number:48 Feddersen, E., Lüdtke, I. and Reisenberger, J., n.d. Lost in space.

Page Number 53: The Sill. n.d. The Sill • The UK’s National Landscape Discovery Centre. [online] Available at: <https://www.thesill.org.uk/> [Accessed 12 March 2021].

Page Number 54 Journal. 2018. Open Up: 8 Dynamic Wood Façades Built With Kinetic Cladding - Architizer Journal. [online] Available at: <https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/collections/kinetic-wood-cladding/> [Accessed 7 February 2021].

105

HoM // Studio 4

Appendix my thematic section

106

HoM // Studio 4

107

HoM // Studio 4

Nightime Render

108

HoM // Studio 4

Material Floor Plan

109