Lorand Nagy Portfolio by PDF Uploads

ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO

LORAND NAGY 180098596 STAGE 3 2020-2021

Acknowledgements I have to start by thanking Luke Rigg, Kieran Connolly and Sophie Baldwin, who have guided me through Stage 3 with their expert advice and encouragement.

CONTENTS Illustrative Reflective Report Framing Testing Case Study Thinking Through Making Synthesis List of Figures Bibliography & References Cultural Bibliography Appendix

6-7 8-38 38-63 40-43 54-55 64-113 114 115 116-120 121-147

NEW Work After Review AMENDED Work After Review

The Professional Practice and Management module made me understand how the industry works and what approaches would be taken into consideration if my project would be built. The key element I took away from the module was how my practice and design sit in the construction industry and society, what are the steps of designing a large-scale project, and what people would be involved in even from the early design phases.

Illustrative Reflective Report Stage 3 has pushed me outside of my academic and personal comfort zone. This year has taught me to question every aspect and detail of architecture. I have also realised that architecture can change society, and mindsets, and not being only something that provides shelter. At the start of the year, I identified several areas in which I wanted to improve, which were focused on digital skills and representation. Throughout the three parts of the project, Framing, Testing, and Synthesis, I have produced several important drawings “celebratory pieces” that made me practice and learn vital 3D modeling and 2D post-production skills which helped me visually expressing my ideas. Looking back to this year, I feel like my skills improved significantly. Our studio, “Weaving in Wallsend” has focused on the regeneration of the Forum shopping center in Wallsend, Newcastle upon Tyne. Initially, I chose this studio because I was fascinated by the idea of designing and redeveloping an existing site, which I consider is a very important topic for us as architects, because spaces will always change and will always need redevelopment.

The Theory Into Practice module made me set up the research theory behind my project. Researching about urban commons and common spaces made me realise what a great impact can such an idea have on the wide society and how it can change the way space is used. My design project focused on providing a functional community center for the existing community of the area. This module made me understand more deeply the idea of commoning, what are the qualities, and what opportunities they bring to people who use the space. The second researched topic was sustainability. I found out that this is not only about the choice of materials used in the construction industry, but it also has to do with ecological thinking, the way we choose to think, and the actions we take towards protecting the environment. These two topics are the foundation my project is based upon.

3D Visualisation - Synthesis

The Technology module informed my design significantly. As it developed into a more refined proposal, resolving technical issues became vitally important. The process of exploring the design in detail improved the architecture of my project significantly. Through it, I was able to develop complex structures that represented key elements of my design proposal. Wooden-based joinery structures that connect to the existing concrete structure of the site and holds up the roof of the building.

Sectional Axonometry

But on the other hand, the module made me research new methods of representation which turned out to be useful skills in representing my ideas. Sketches in the way of transposing my thoughts quickly and directly on paper through simple lines. Sectioned axonometries that manage to show the spatial qualities of a place and the activity carried out inside it, engaging the viewer to understand the 3d qualities of a space, that perhaps a 2D type of representation would not be able to accomplish. But also axonometric diagrams, which help successfully show the spatial configuration of my programme.

On the other hand, this module introduced us key environmental design principles as fire strategy, rainwater drainage, sustainability, and ventilation which played an important role in making decisions for my movement strategy, the shape of my building, and positioning of openings to avoid overheating and maximise natural light and ventilation. Environmental Strategy

Sketches

Structure

Axonometric Diagram

Framing involved the initial explorations of the site, The Forum Shopping Centre, Wallsend, Newcastle upon Tyne, and the key themes that I wanted to focus my project around. It was also an opportunity to learn vital new digital skills, something that I was keen to evolve throughout Stage 3.

Framing

The first decision that I made for this project was the scenario. I was particularly interested in how local communities were using the existing site despite its poor and underdeveloped quality of space. There is a lack of sustainability, poor quality of internal and external appearance which affects the long-term vitality and viability of the center. One key theme is redesigning and reconnecting the existing site with the surrounding communities.

Urban Commons Context Working with this site of consumption, as well as the wider contexts of Wallsend, this studio asks that you reimagine The Forum Shopping Centre as an ‘urban commons’ – a networked site of community, culture and exchange.

Background The term ‘urban commons’ has become fashionable in recent years to describe new community-oriented and communityled strategies that aim to preserve or create new public spaces and resources inclusive to all. In a relentlessly neoliberal climate, the commons seem to offer an alternative to the battle between public and private. Set against the backdrop of the increased privatisation of public space, they are carrying out unconventional activities while collectively using and managing common resources, experimenting with new housing in the form of community land trust, and testing alternative production through peer-to-peer methods. They aim to create sites of collective ownership in diverse forms and areas such as community organisations and civic facilities. while promoting “commoning”, the practices of sharing tangible and intangible resources.

Commons should be open-minded and encourage newcomers to express themselves and share their habits, views, and dreams, instead of attempting to diminish their otherness. It is a place where mistakes are seen as learning opportunities. But most importantly, honesty and open-minded communication is what a common needs to bring people together and create a community where people trust each other, making one feel like it is part of a family without feeling left out.

The Idea of Commoning Aims The current Forum in Wallsend faces many threats to its future, from the decline of the high street in competition with online retailers to the ongoing difficulties caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. However, The Forum represents an important civic site, a place of everyday ritual and routine. Our studio encourages us to explore ideas of civic space through the construction of ‘urban commons’ while reconsidering how a shopping centre can be sustainably and resourcefully adapted into a common site of civic exchange.

Urban commons are a non-profit oriented resource in a city run by people in a social way to establish a common world that supports and expresses the community they participate in. Their focus is the practical, everyday value of a resource instead of an income-based profit. Common spaces are different from public spaces, which are spaces created by an authority, implementing a set of rules which people follow, and private spaces, controlled by individuals who impose conditions to their liking for others to use. “Common space can be considered as a relation between a social group and its effort to define a world that is shared between its members.”1 Urban commons are “a social regime for managing shared resources and forging a community of shared values and purpose” In commons, the community is just as important, if not even more important, than the resource itself.”2

“People are more important than structure, so instead of making people adjust to your organization, create your organization around people.”4

Engaging with the public, urban commons rely on solidarity and cooperation, their purpose being the creation of values for the community. Two very important qualities of commoning practices are a tremendous rise of information circulating among those present, constantly informing those who participate, and the social relations, human collaborations and interactions, which bind people together. Urban commons bring many opportunities and benefits for participants to learn and develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes through a ‘learning by doing’ method, by taking part in common activities and projects where people share their knowledge. “Collaboration is always better than competition. If the people around you are good, don’t compete with them, cooperate with them. There is always space or more good projects.”3

ARC3015 EXTRACT

Climate Crisis The climate emergency is the biggest challenge facing our planet and sustainability should be at the forefront of our design, material and technical considerations. The world we live in is limited when it comes to space and resources. Environmental protection is one of the responsibilities of every inhabitant of this planet. By protecting the environment we protect ourselves and at the same time ensure a better future for the next generations. The transition from a linear to a circular economy and most importantly, the question of “Is it necessary to build?” are sustainable approaches to this problem. The construction industry is now one of the only industries whee there is more waste being produced in the present moment than at the start of the century. Our studio encourages three specific approaches.

Retrofirst

Adaptability & Flexibility

Ecological Advocacy

While the composition of demolition wastes is highly variable depending on the project and the construction technique utilized. Much of the building waste is made up of high carbon materials such as bricks and concrete with these two together contributing on average to 40 - 80% of the composition of construction and demolition waste.

Many contemporary buildings are often not adequately adaptable or flexible that use cheap, standardised materials that cannot be easily adapted without wasteful strip-out and require significant redesign for changing uses. Our studio encourages to think about how our proposals can be adapted for potential future uses or accommodate different uses throughout the day.

“Ecology isn’t just about global warming, recycling, and solar power – and also not just to do with everyday relationships between humans and non-humans. It has to do with love, loss, despair, and compassion.”5

Speaking about building retrofit in Europe, the attention is often focused on the residential buildings, which represent 75% of the total number of existing buildings. Construction in the UK produces 35-40% of the country’s total emissions and is based on a wasteful economic model of demolition, disposal, new build. Our site contains a number of existing structures that we should consider for reuse as part of your proposals.

“Ecological thinking is to do with art, philosophy, literature, music, and culture. Ecology is always about coexistence. Human beings need each other as much as they need an environment. Thinking ecologically isn’t simply about nonhuman things. Ecology has to do with you and me.”6 We shouldn’t think that ecology is about location, it is something more than that. We have to act here and now. A collective is always more powerful than a single person. We have to act together. “we can’t solve global warming because I changed light bulbs in my house. It’s because of something collective”.7 We are encouraged to think beyond spatial and physical responses to the climate crisis but also to consider the complex ecology that makes up our towns and how our proposals will provide space for civic debate and participation that is crucial to democratic civic change and addressing our ecological crisis.

ARC3015 EXTRACT

Fig.1

Atlas of Commons Starting this year we were asked to research and map an exemplar “urban commons”. Individually, we sought to understand and represent the urban, spatial, material and theoretical themes that embody the essence of our commons in relation to the rituals of civic life. I undertook a close critical reading by means of intensively inhabited 3D drawing to understand the key civic qualities that define our chosen commons and how it is used and inhabited by the community that collectively owns it.

Livability A livable environment neeeds to suit our unique needs, adapt to the pulse of daily life and offer us support systems and social life we seek. The temporary pavilion aims to do that by offering flexibility and cultivating a sense of belonging which forms a tightknit community.The response from locals and visitors was “overwhelmingly positive”.

Erith Lighthouse A successful urban common is Erith Lighthouse, a temporary, demountable pavilion located near the River Thames in London, which hosted a series of community events to bring local people together. During the day it is used as a cafe, where residents can relax or attend events and workshops, including cookery workshops, arts and crafts activities, a wide variety of community-facing cultural events including community oral history sessions, concerts and orchestras, local beer tastings, and live radio broadcasting.

Community As humans, we long for emaningful relationships with those around us. The quality of our relationships defines how happy we are, and shared living is found to boost oth heath and happiness. This is what Erith Lighthouse’s goal is. It offers shared spaces that enable people to be part of a vibrant community and enjoy a social lifestyle where they live. It successfully fulfills the function of urban common, bringing people together and creating a community where people spend their leisure time, where within different organized events, the locals can learn and practice their skills while having fun.

Rituals Of Civic Life

We were asked to research and map rituals of civic life. We sought to understand and represent social places where paople interact and form a community.

Pubs Pubs play an important role at the heart of their local communities. Pubs are a place for social interaction where the drink and the socialising go hand in hand. After a few alcoholic drinks, the often random social encounters that occur in pubs become much easier as people shed their inhibitions. They provide meeting places, supporting formal and informal social networks, and a focal point for community events. They also play a key role in supporting local economies, and in providing residents and visitors with access to information and services. Through my drawing, I managed to represent an inhabited space. A sectioned axonometry manages to show both the spatial qualities of a place and the activity carried out inside it.

Fig. 5: Pub Activities

Site Reading

Wallsend Our studio had researched the history and current situation of the area which would help us understand the social and cultural background of the area by the time we start exploring during our visit and carry on with our site analysis. Wallsend is beautifully full of history and personality which is imprinted in the city’s architecture. It is a vibrant place with a wealth of history and industry to explore. Much of Wallend’s past and its present are expressed in these exceptional history pieces such as The Hadrian’s Wall Path, being in Unesco World Heritage, The Segedunum Roman Fort & Museum which exhibits the surviving foundation of the ancient building, and St. Peter’s Church.

The Forum

Site

The location near River Tyne forms an important part of Wallsend’s development.

The Forum

Metro Routes

- Groupwork -

Scale 1:2500

History Wallsend has a vast history. Famed as a shipbuilding town in the nineteenth century has ancient origins. It is of course named from its location at the eastern end of Hadrian’s Wall and was the site of a Roman fort. The broad river to the east of Segedunum provided sufficient defenses that made the further extension of the wall unnecessary. From around the mid-18th century, Wallsend’s cultural history was shaped by industrial development. Because of its proximity to the River Tyne, Wallsend grew rapidly during the first Industrial Revolution. First coal mining, then shipbuilding became key industries in Wallsend, expanding the local population and densifying the urban area. Shipbuilding became part of the identity of Wallsend, helping the industry, culture, and politics. Recently, Wallsend has undergone a process of ‘de-industrialisation,’. The shipyards have long since closed, and Wallsend is now a ‘satellite town’. The rich history of the place settled in and its influence is noticeable even in our days.

- Groupwork -

- Groupwork 22

- Groupwork -

- Groupwork 23

Life In Wallsend

Voices of Wallsend

Types of People Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

“I like playing with my friends here. I like drawing and making beautiful colored pieces. It’s so fun! I made this for mommy!”

- Groupwork -

“I do work here. It’s fun, everyone is so nice to eachother. [...] It gets a bit crowded during the day cuz everyone does their shopping.”

“Yeah 40 odd years I’ve been here. Everyone comes to socialise and enjoy the beautiful moments together. [...] This place feels like a big family...”

Vehicle Density Study

Public / Private

Sunpath Study

Pedestrian Density Study

Green Space Study

Site Axonometry

The Forum People, Activities, Routines and Rituals

Materiality Public External Space

Private Ownership

Parking + Public Space

Wallsend Forum Internal

Wallsend Forum External

Residential

To understand the area and people living in it, I have looked at the activities pursued around the site for routines and activities specific to the area. The how used local some

photographic analysis shows some parts of the site are by people for socializing, gatherings, and shopping. But parts seem rather abandoned.

The site suffers from a poor quality internal and external appearance which affects the long-term vitality and viability of the centre. The Forum is a place for the community, a place for social interaction. Seeing locals interacting with each other creating a community inside the Forum, made me understand the importance of the shopping centre for the local community and the need of providing a space to encourage people’s engagement in the area. Materiality shifts from brick, stone, concrete, to metal and plastics.

360 Video - Forum 28

- Groupwork 29

Secion Though Walkway

Secion Though Carpark & Shopping Centre

Carpark

Carpark 30

Carpark

Walkway

Shopping Centre 31

North Elevation

East Elevation

South Elevation

West Elevation

Visual Brief

Site Strategy Axonometry

Masterplan with a close focus on the Multidisciplinary Space and Market Area

The moment Restore and Improve Expanding, restoring the walkway and improving it with green space, a large ceiling window, sitting spaces and open shops represents a sustainable feature of design, avoiding construction waste and connecting locals to their community while preserving the site key spaces.

Fig 7:Grandby Winter Garden - Precedent

Existing Walkway

New Walkway

Walkway Proposal

The second part of the project includes further site readings, picking the site, and setting up the brief. It allowed me to fully contemplate my programme and the intensions of the scheme before visualising the project. This encouraged me to prioritise the program and functions of the building before entering the design stage.

TESTING

I became particularly interested in the idea of a place for community. I carried out further site analysis regarding the users of the forum and their everyday activities to understand their needs in Wallsend. I explored the possibilities to create spaces that reuse the existing site. I analysed the relationships between spaces and what specific elements are important each one of them. I started to define the massing and facades of the project I believe testing was an incredibly important part for my design work as I was able to shift my initial ideas into the begginings of a community oriented facility which were the foundations of the architecture realised in Synthesis.

Thematic Case Study The following pages show the work I produces for the case study booklet. I have analysed the client for the project, the development of the brief and the role of the architect and community. TEATRO OFICINA

Brazil was going through a crisis, with an absence of any cultural activities. The main idea this new project was to bring people together and reestablish their cultural development by counterculturing the tropicalismo movement of the 1960s and 70s, “attepting to create something truely Brazilian”1. Theatro Oficina was an old abandoned factory which was turned into a cultural space for local events. The key aspects of the proposed design are a gallery of seats built out of scaffolding, removed ceiling and an unobstructed view from the theatre. Property developer Silvio Santos bought the place wanting to demolish it to build a tower of flats in its space. Bacause it was one of the city’s bestloved theatres, São Paulo’s artistic community rallied round. An online petition for the “cultural assassination”2 responding to demolition was also signed by locals. Also to protect it from demolishing, a pianist and the secretary of culture made it a historical heritage. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/nov/29/ teatro-oficina-theatre-sao-paulo-counterculture-silvio-santos?fbclid=IwAR1G8ak278044sb3FU6nDUZgjISw7rseYRGXlA6_tARGRBEMYxSskQCqZ9o 2 https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/nov/29/ teatro-oficina-theatre-sao-paulo-counterculture-silvio-santos?fbclid=IwAR1G8ak278044sb3FU6nDUZgjISw7rseYRGXlA6_tARGRBEMYxSskQCqZ9o 1

Clearly what made this building successful is the site preservation. It has never been so important to develop social spaces that are designed specifically for local communities while preserving the existing site’s characteristics. I believe this represents a really important idea that represents my approach towards my design. 41

Thematic Case Study

ACTIVITIES

CONCLUSIONS

Theatro Oficina is filled with local people which promote a democratic theater by the nature of the activities and programmatic structure.

The project provides services and activities to locals through self-financing, which comes with the functions of the building - a theatre.

The architects came up with the idea of turning the Oficina into a street running place where public meetings and events are held. The theatre promotes community engagement with its many different number of cultural activities.

The idea of a building programme which is led by people, is I believe an excellent way of reintegrating a place in an existing context, making local people actively participating in the life on the community.

1. Plays

Activities run by locals: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Plays Group Activities Local Product Selling Meetings Shows Concerts

Comments by locals “Aaaah, I miss my friends and our roles.”

2. Group Activities

“Lina is the best!!! A great big. I love everything about her!” “We were with Nielsen a couple of years ago and we saw a play, we went everywhere, it’s a living space where you look at it, it was a happiness!” “What a beauty. One of the most amazing experiences!”

https://www.facebook.com/pages/Teatro%20Oficina/1030265357029122/

3. Local Product Selling

4. Meetings

5. Shows

6. Concerts

The Activities of Traders in the Marketspace

Food & Kitchen Space

The visitors are able to buy food produced locally by people through growing and fishing. The market provides kitchen spaces which gives visitors the option for their food to be cooked, preparedand served on the spot after buying it. 44

Market Stalls

The market stalls within the existing shopping centre will be relocated in the proposed market space which provides services for users and allows locals to sell their product.

Barber

Locals are able to perform their job in the market.

Fig 8: Activities in the Market

The Activities of Visitors in the Market

Different Shops (Toys, Electronics, Jewelry)

Clothing

Food

Foodspace / Cafe

A successfull market has eating and drinking spaces that provides places for spending free time and relaxation that encourages social interaction. After picking up their food from the market, people can head to the foodspace. 46

Fig 9: Activities in the Market

The Ritual of Workshop Activities

Sculpting

A sculpting workshop dedicated to adults and the elderly to create works of art and practice crafting skills while interacting with each other. 48

Arts

An arts workshop dedicated to any users regardless of age for practicing drawing and painting.

Crafting

Exhibition

A crafting workshop dedicated to children where they can learn to create models, toys and art pieces with their own hand, improving their practical thinking.

An exhibition space where all the pieces created within the wokshop are exhibited for visitors.

Fig 10: Activities in the Workshop

Declaring Building Function Marketspace & Activity Centre As observed, the site suffers from poor quality of internal and external appearance which affects the long-term vitality and viability of the centre. This feels extremely notable when arriving at both the shopping centre and the carpark. This issue is addressed by my proposal of bringing local people together through redesigning the shopping mall as a market space and creating an activity centre used for spending free time with learning and practicing hobbies. The intention is to create a space for the community, for social interaction by bringing local people together.

Project Aims Markets were important places that offer opportunities for local economic development and employment, as well as opportunities for social interaction and connection for all groups in a community where different cultures interact with each other. Traders create a vibrant atmosphere, forging social bonds in the community. Furthermore, affordability and community development can bring new residents into a neighbourhood. However, just because someone is part of a society where everyone shares their beliefs and habits with others, does not mean that he is forming a strong connection with others. 50

USER REQUIREMENTS Based on Rituals and Activities Active participation and opening up to others are what sustains a bond between people. This is what I intend to accomplish through my brief and the activities I propose in the community. A healthy activity that we need every day (sport) or activities which lead to personal development (workshops), which strengthen the connections between people by learning together in a fun way, and food, one of our primordial needs, without which we could not live. ”Food really connects communities – it’s inclusive”.

Positive Social Impact Wallsend lacks an important visitor attraction, but also a community hub which can engage people of all ages to meer, socialise and work together. The project wants to address the unemployability and lack of training between people, the building becoming a place where people of all ages practice their skills and would be taught various crafting, art, sculpting techniques, and skills, encouraged to use their hands, gastronomic education and promoting a healthy lifestyle throughout sport, engaging in the process and collaborating.

Sustainability, Environmental Intensions to Adress Climate Crisis & Design Intensions My take towards creating sustainable architecture is avoiding demolishing as much as possible while restoring the walkway and improving the quality of life by bringing nature in. A large ceiling window maximizing the lighting, adding sitting spaces and shops run by locals. All these things are connecting locals to their community while preserving the site’s key features. But creating a sustainable architecture doesn’t only mean implementing a “green wall” as an attempt to make up for the fact that it took a lot of polluting elements that were used in the building’s construction. Because of this, apart from reusing and repurposing some parts of the site, I aim to develop the building’s sustainability by using sustainable materials, maximizing the glazing for natural lighting, which at the same time will solve the problems of natural ventilation and passive heating, and promoting a sustainable attitude of using a circular economy by people. “One of the things that modern society has damaged, along with ecosystems and species and the global climate, is thinking.”12 Because of this, through my brief I support activities that have a role in the harmonious development of thinking and culture enrichment, at the same time forming a friendly community.

CHILDREN

ADULTS & ELDERS

FOOD / MARKET TRADERS & CHEFS

LEARNING CENTRE

SCULPTURE WORKSHOP

STALLS

STORAGE FOR MATERIALS SEATING + TABLES + BOOKSHELVES

WOODCUTTING MACHINERY WOOD & STONE CARVING TOOLS CLAY MODELLING TOOLS STORAGE

SEATING SHELVES

Improving Local Economy

Engaging Local People In a Community

CRAFTING WORKSHOP STORAGE FOR MATERIALS

Tackling Unemployment

Focus on Human Scale

KITCHEN CUTTING AND PREPARING STORAGE OVEN + GAS COOKER + FRIDGE

OUTDOOR PLAYING AREA GREEN SPACE PLAYGROUND EXHIBITION SPACE ART WORKSHOP

Enhancing of Under-Developed Area Sustainable Approach

Reusing & Redesigning The Existing Site

STORAGE FOR MATERIALS SPORT CENTRE RECEPTION STORAGE WAITING ROOM CHANGING ROOM + TOILETS + SHOWERS LOCKER + CHANGING ROOM MARKET & FOOD STALLS FOOD SPACE

Bringing Nature In

SEATING + TABLES CAFE 51

Shopping Centre Key Issues - The existing forum shopping centre is in poor condition. - The signage is dated and unclear. - The main entrance is weak and understated. - The concrete cladding has weathered badly and is in poor state of repair. - The existing mall has a poor Western entrance stifling the East/West through route. - The existing public realm is cluttered and in a poor state of repair. - The connection between the shopping centre and the rest of the forum is poor - Lack of natural light - Lack of greenary

Proposal - Creation of a vibrant and contemporary environment - Flexible and attractive retail space - Bringing natural light in - Increase height for the space - Logical highway and pedestrian solutions - Use of quality materials - Consideration of impact on the surrounding uses - Integration of green spaces - Connectivity to adjoining uses and areas - Visual appearance and legibility

Carpark

Shopping Centre

Key Issues - The existing carpark is in poor condition. - The concrete cladding has weathered badly and is in poor state of repair. - Poor connection with the forum - Lack of natural light - Lack of greenary - Associated carpark has enough parking places

Carpark

Proposal - Creation of a vibrant and contemporary environment - Attractive space to make people use the site - Bringing natural light in - Logical highway and pedestrian solutions - Use of quality materials - Consideration of impact on the surrounding uses - Integration of green spaces - Connectivity to adjoining uses and areas - Visual appearance and legibility

Thinking Thourgh Making Piece

Junctions between Old and New - Structure -

Wooden Structure Connection to Existing Concrete Column

To bring more light inside the Marketspace and create a more spatious interior, I am proposing a slanted roof which is raised one more level from the existing structure. Because of its height, the distance between the existing columns, and for sustainability reasons, wooden structure based joineries are necessary for carrying the loads of the roof. Steel Frame Connection to Gluelam Beam

Steel Frame Connection to Gluelam Beam

Wooden Structure Connection to Gluelam Beam

For this reason, I explored the connection between the existing concrete columns and the proposed wooden structure in a more detailed 1:10 model.

Fig 11: Wooden Structure Connection to Existing Concrete Column

Existing Column

Proposed Structure

Steel Connections

Fig 13: Wooden Structure Precedent

Fig 12: Wooden Structure Precedent 54

Fig 14: Connection Detail

Wooden Structure Connection to Existing Concrete Column

Wooden Structure Connection to Existing Concrete Column Connection to Concrete Column

Thinking About Spatial Qualities

Initial Idea

My intital building programme was aiming to facilitate both a market and an activity centre under the same footprint of the existing shopping mall. However, the complexity of these spaces is far too large to be accommodated on this site. This ultimately led to a disconnection between the spaces and a lack of an overriding sense of unity creating a series of cramped ‘in-between spaces without precise boundaries and delimitations. The functions were mixing up chaotically, trying to fit workshop spaces and sports halls under the same roof without thinking about privacy and their particular needs.

I began visualizing my in 3D, exploring the qualities of the building’s

Front Elevation

It was important to create a space that did’t feel overly enclosed and allowed natural light in.

Market

Cross Section

spaces spatial design. Sport Hall

Workshop

Cafe / Eating Area

Kitchen

The visualisations frame the idea of exposing the structure of the building which represents a key design feature. Long Section

Market

Workshop

However, some spaces were either too exposed to the sun which would overheat the space, either not have enough natural light. This problem made me rethink the positioning of my windows and what specific characteristics each space would require.

Exhibition Area Workshop Walkway

Cafe / Eating Area

Exhibition Area

Quiet Area

Food Stalls

Kitchen

Market Stalls 56

Changing rooms + WC Ground Floor

First Floor

Market Stalls

Kitchen Eating Area

Iterations Iteration 1 After the site analysis, deciding my brief and what spaces will go along with my proposal, I have put my ideas into the first massing iteration.

First Floor

Second Floor

First Floor

Second Floor

Third Floor

First Floor

Second Floor

Third Floor

Iteration 2 Because the complexity of the market and activity centre were simply too large to accommodate on the existing shopping centre, I have decided to split my building’s facilities on the two parts of the site, moving the activity centre on the existing carpark space. In this way the separation would not create cramped and overused spaces.

Third Floor

Iteration 3 The lack of connectivity and overshading due to the shape of the building has driven my design in rethinking and rearraging the internal spaces of the activity centre. The shape needed more connection to the wide site and that is why the roof shape needded more attention.

Analysing the Context

Massing Development

All the surrounding buildings have an angled roof. This is an important feature that acts as a motif.

After the context analysis, I realised the shape of my building needed more development, as if felt disconnected from surrounding buildings. Being an element constantly present in the area, the pitched roof was intergated again on the site.

The precedent images inspired me to play around with the different heights of the roof angle. Applying this principle into my project, the market roof has a pitched form as it provides more vertical space and allows natural light to enter the space on one side.

Roof Shape - Commercial Fig.15: Roof Shape - Precedent Image

Roof Shape - Residential Previous Iteration

Market

Fig.16: Roof Shape - Precedent Image

Roof Shape - Site

Final Iteration

Market Design Features Study This section explores in detail the integration of design elements into the interiors of the market. It is an important concept that connects the

Feature

Objective

Exposed Timber Structure

Structural element that supports the roof and design representing an important visual element that connects the building with nature, the structure resembling tree branches. This breaks up the aesthetic.

Increased height of the space

user to their environment. This section includes an investigation of furniture design, and study of surface finishes. The selected design features aim to improve the quality of space in the market.

Photo

Feature Fixed Wall Light

Creates a foodspace separated from the market space and serves as a viewing platform.

Polycarbonate cladding

Allows the passage of natural light maximizing the light inside the building.

Photo

Pointing upwards, light is diffused away creating a soft lighting solution to highlight the structural elements of the building and to create a pleasant ambient atmosphere.

Stalls Partition wall material - pine

The wall partition aims to separate the market stalls which integrate the them into the user friendly market’s architecture.

Roof Windows

North facing roof windows bringing natural light in, essential for the design of a market ensuring a natural look of the interior promoting a sense of calm. Can be opened for natural ventilation.

Trees

Bringing nature in, connects people to nature and makes up for the lack of greenary in the area. Provides fresh air and inner peace, charging you with positive energy.

2 types of concrete floor tiles

The floor tiles are a continuation of the exterior pavement ensuring continuity and harmony in design.

A high ceiling assures that people will not feel claustrophobic and helps boost our sense of exploration and contribute to a feeling of freedom.

Mezannine

Objective

ARC3013 EXTRACT

SYNTHESIS

Synthesis transforms Framing and Testing research into a design that responds to the needs of the local community. It allowed me to refine my project and delve into the architectural details of the proposal. An important stage of my design development was the integrated technology module we had to complete during this stage, which helped me develop my structural strategy which became a key feature of my design. The connections between the old concrete and the new wooden structure allowed the spaces to represent something unique. Looking back on this phase of the project, I think that synthesis brings my project together and harmonises all of the ideas I have been developing from the beginning of the project combining my early design work and exploration. My celebration drawings illustrate the architectural qualities of the space and the building used by people, fundamentally demonstrating that is a community-oriented design.

Old Massing

Demolishing

New Massing

Programme The project aims to create community-oriented facilities. The proposed building will be a part newbuilt (the activity centre) and a part refurbishment of the existing site (the market). The new-build design will involve the demolition of a part of the existing site. The main challenge is designing the new extensions on the existing structure. The activity center will have three buildings, with varied numbers of floors, up to three. It will contain a learning space for children, an arts and craft workshop with an exhibition area, a small sports center, and a cafe. The workshops allow its users to exhibit their work. The market space will have two floors. The existing shops on the site are repurposed in the proposed market space, where an eating space and a cafe are added, where the food will also be supplied and produced by the locals.

Cafe Market

Sport Facility Children Learning Centre

Programme

Workshop

Vegetation New Old

Old / New Parking People Cars

Movement

Market Stalls Relocation & Adaptability

Delivery Route for Shops & Market Stalls

Relocation

Delivery for Market Stalls

The existing market stalls will be replaced in different locatios in the proposal to preserve the existing jobs and community on the site.

Market Stalls

Delivery Route

New stalls will be added which will bring new jobs along with them Small Size Stall

Flexibiliy The retail spaces will be flexible, easily adaptable to the shop sizes and requirements.

Old Market Plan

Existing Shops on Ground Floor Old Stalls Shops New Stalls

Medium Size Stall

Delivery for existing shops is made on the top of the building Delivery Route

Storage

Proposal Market Plan

Big Size Stall

Structural Strategy

Construction Sequencing

A requirement for the ARC3013 submission was to produce a series of construction sequencing diagrams. I found this process useful in terms of further refining the final proposal. The integration of the technology module was vital in realising the building. The design was greatly improved by the process of designing in detail. The construction sequencing presented shows how the community centre develops, from the demolition of the existing heath centre, to the completed building in a landscaped context.

Primary Structure

Secondary Structure

The primary structure of the building will made up of the existing concrete structure, a wooden structure based on joineries, clt walls, gluelam beans and steel frames. This will ensure that the structure is stable enough to carry the loads of the roof, and at the same time be a part of the building’s design. As the existing concrete columns have a bigger span (8 meters) between them, specially designed wooden structure is necessary. Apart from the prefabricated CLT panels, the structure will be constructed in-situ and will be aided by a birdcage scaffolding system. The concrete, wooden joineries, glulam and steel structures will all be exposed in the interior of the building.

CLT roof will be placed on the top of the primary structure. Wall panels for the exterior will be made of wooden sandwich panles that will support the exterior polycarbonate glazing. The interior partitions for the market stalls will be made by CLT and wooden structures.

ARC3013 EXTRACT

1. Existing Concrete Structure

2. Demolition - The initial stage of the project will see the demolition of an existing Shopping Centre.

3. Wooden Structure - The construction of the complex primary structure of the tree like wooden beam joineries begins.

4. Beans - The gluelam and steel beamns will be placed on top ot the wooden structure to further assure the roof’s stability

6. Landscaping - Trees will be planted in the interior

7. Cladding and Glazing - The polycarbonate facade is fixed to the wooden sandwitch panels and roof windows are fixed. The building is now weathertight, interior features can be concluded.

Tertiary Structure

The tertiary structure is made up of the polycarbonate glazing system that will be fixed to the secondary structure (wooden sandwich panels). Also the roof glazing will be fixed in the gluelam beans and steel frame.

5. Roof Placement - Clt roof will be fixed to the steel & gluelam structure

ARC3013 EXTRACT

1 11 12

4 2 2 4 11

6 6

Ground Floor

10 6 6

6 9

4 4

10 10

1- Sport Hall 2- Changing Rooms 3- Children Learning Space 4- Toilets 5- Cafe 6- Kitchen + Bar 7- Exhibition Area 8 - Workshops 9 -Food Space 10- Market Stalls 11 - Storage 12 - Reception 13 - Viewing Area 14 - Crafting Workshop 15 -Sculpture Workshop 16 - Art Workshop Existing New

11 11

4 4

11 11

4 4

1 11

4 2 2 4

First Floor

Second Floor

The Journey of the Market Users Children

Description: Needs: -

9-11 years old going to school a place to learn & do homework a place to practice extra-curricular activities & socialise

2. Children Crafting Workshop

1. Entering the Workshop

3. Chrildren Crafting Workshop

4. Playing in the Courtyard

Routes of the Market Users - Children 80

2. Leaving the children in the Learning Center

1. Approaching the Activity Center with children

3. Learning & Doing Homework 81

The Journey of the Market Users Adults & Elders

Description: Needs:

38 years old office job in Newcastle a take his children to spend his free time a place to practice his hobbies & socialise a place to do his groceries and shopping

1. Parking

72 years old retired a take his children to spend his free time a place take his grandchildren to spend their freetime a place to do his groceries, shopping & socialise

2. Approaching the site

3. Changing

4. Sport

5. Passing by the Outdoor Exhibition Space

1. Approaching the site

2. Ascending into the Workshop

3. Sculpting Workshop

9. Shopping

1. Approaching the Activity Center with children

2. Leaving children in the Learning Center

3. Attending the Exhibition Space

7. Buying food

4. Art Workshop

Routes of the Market Users - Adults & Elders

6. Passing though the Walkway

8. Eating

4. Grabbing a coffee 83

The Journey of the Market Sellers

Description: Needs:

- 40-60 years old - farmers & traders - a place sell their products to the local community & socialise

1. Approaching the site

2. Entering the Market

1. Approaching the site

2. Entering the Market

3. Opening the Stalls

4. Setting up the Shop

5. Selling

Routes of the Market Sellers 84

3. Selling Food

4. Cooking 85

1 - Food Stalls 2 - Kitchen 3 - Food Court 4 - Cafe 5 - Shops 6 - Walkway 7 - Storage for delivery 8 - Lift 9 - Reception 10 - Lobby 11 - Sport Hall 12 - Outdoor Walkway 13 - Exhibition Area 14 - Crafting Workshop 15 - Sculpture Workshop 86

11 12

Existing New

10 8

1 - Food Stalls 2 - Cafe 3 - Food Court 4 - Upstair Cafe Place 5 - Toilets 6 - Market Stalls 7 - Viewing Area 8 - Shops 9 - Walkway 10 - Storage for delivery 88

4 1

7 6

Existing New

1 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 90

Sport Hall Cafe Playing + Outdoor Exhibition Area Walkway Shops Forum shops Library

Existing New 91

Technical Section

Location of Technical Section 94

Corresponding Elevation 95

3 11

5 6

4 5 5

2 7 6 5

1 - Market Stalls 2 - Food Stalls 3 - Kitchen 4 - Cafe 5 - Toilets 6 - Storage 7 - Food Court 8 - Stairs 9 - Lift 10 - Disabled Toilets 11 - Fire Escape Routes

5 6

10 9 9 10

8 5

5 8

2 1

Existing New

Market - Ground Floor 96

Market - Stalls

4 2

5 1 2 3 4 5 6

Market Stalls Stairs Fire Escape Toilets Disabled Toilets Lift

Existing

New

2 1

Market - Foodspace

5 3

Foodspace shifts to Cookery workshop three times per week 1 - Market Stalls 2 - Food Stalls 3 - Kitchen 4 - Cafe 5 - Toilets 6 - Storage 7 - Food Court 8 - Stairs 9 - Lift 10 - Disabled Toilets 11 - Fire Escape Routes 12 -Changing Rooms

5 12

5 8 12

2 7 12

2 2

5 12

Existing New

Market - Ground Floor

100

101

Market - First Floor - Cafe

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Cafe Space Cafe / Kitchen Toilets Changing Room Viewing Area Stairs Lift Fire Escape

7 1

6 1

4 3

102

4 3

103

Activity Centre Elevation

104

105

8 4

4 4

2 6

10 Activity Center - Ground Floor

3 2

4 5

7 6

1 - Sport Hall 2 - Changing Rooms 3 - Reception 4 - Toilets 5 - Showers 6 - Storage 7 - Children Learning Space 8 - Exhibition Area 9 - Cafe + Eating Space 10 - Bar 11 - Kitchen 12 - Playing + Outdoor Exhibition Area Existing New

106

107

Activity Centre - Outside View

108

Activity Centre - Outside Courtyard View

109

Workshop

6 5

4 9 8

7 Second Floor

6 5

2 9

2 9 8

Crafting Workshop

Art Workshop

Sculpture Workshop

First Floor The work produced in the workshop gets exhibited in the exhibition space

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Exhibition Area Crafting Workshop Sculpture Workshop Art Workshop Toilets Storage Lift Stairs Entrance Lobby

Ground Floor 110

Exhibition Space

111

Activity Center - First Floor - Children Learning Space & Sport Hall

1 - Sport Hall 2 - Children Learning Space 3 - Changing Room 4 - Toilets 5 - Showers 6 - Storage 7 - Lobby 8 - Stairs 9 - Lift 10 - Fire Escape 11 - Outdoor Viewing Area

1 11

5 3

8 9

7 3 8

5 4

First Floor

112

2 8

Children Learning Space

Sport Hall

113

List of Figures

Bibliography

Fig. 1: https://www.google.com/search?q=there+is+no+planet+b&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiHn-KwvP3wAhUB8uAKHYzXCbEQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=there+is+n&gs_ lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIIxAnMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABBDULMPWKkxYO45aAJwAHgAgAFriAHUCJIBAzYuNZgBAKABAaoBC2d3c y13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=Y9i5YMfhL4HkgweMr6eICw&bih=969&biw=1920

1.Allen, S., 2009. Practice. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

Fig. 2-4: https://www.ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk/projects/display/id/7791

3.Harvey, D., 2012. Rebel Cities. New York: Verso Books.

Fig. 5: https://www.gettyimages.com/search/2/image?family=creative&phrase=pub

4.Le Corbusier, Gresleri, G., Munson, M. and Shore, M., 1988. Voyage d’Orient. Milano: Electa.

Fig. 7: Grandby Winter Garden https://assemblestudio.co.uk/projects/granby-winter-gardens

5.Losse, M., Zimmermann, N. and de Vries, N., 2021. The Urban Commons Cookbook: Strategies and Insights for

Fig. 8: Activities in the Market https://www.archdaily.com/928393/old-spitalfields-market-holdings-foster-plus-partners?ad_medium=gallery

6.Creating and Maintaining Urban Commons.

Fig. 9: Activities in the Market https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/market?family=creative&license=rf&phrase=market&sort=best

7.Morton, T., 2010. The ecological thought. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Fig. 10: Activities in the Workshop https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/workshop?family=creative&license=rf&phrase=workshop&sort=best

8.Morton, T., 2014. How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Term Anthropocene. Cambridge University Press.

Fig. 11: Wooden Structure Connection to Existing Concrete Column https://ro.pinterest.com/pin/492651646724339425/

9.Petrescu, D., 2007. Altering practices. Taylor & Francis Group.

Fig. 12: Wooden Structure Precedent https://www.archdaily.com/925353/congress-and-exhibition-center-studio-botter-plus-studio-bressan

10.Stavrides, S., 2016. Common space. London: Zed Books.

Fig. 13: Wooden Structure Precedent https://www.hess-timber.com/fileadmin/_processed_/csm_DL-Vitsoe-Phase001-5252-online_c_DirkLindner_831b51d354.jpg

11.Thomas, K., 2007. BUILDING WHILE BEING IN IT: notes on drawing ‘otherhow’. Taylor & Francis Group.,

Fig. 14: Connection Detail https://www.hess-timber.com/fileadmin/_processed_/csm_DL-Vitsoe-Phase001-5252-online_c_DirkLindner_831b51d354.jpg

2.Borch, C. and Kornberger, M., 2015. Urban commons. Routledge.

References

Fig. 15-16: Roof Shape: https://archio.co.uk/project/dolphins-community-centre/ 1 Losse, M., Zimmermann, N. and de Vries, N., 2021. The Urban Commons Cookbook: Strategies 2 Losse, M., Zimmermann, N. and de Vries, N., 2021. The Urban Commons Cookbook: Strategies 3 Losse, M., Zimmermann, N. and de Vries, N., 2021. The Urban Commons Cookbook: Strategies Creating and Maintaining Urban Commons. p.35. 4 Losse, M., Zimmermann, N. and de Vries, N., 2021. The Urban Commons Cookbook: Strategies Creating and Maintaining Urban Commons. p.35. 5 Losse, M., Zimmermann, N. and de Vries, N., 2021. The Urban Commons Cookbook: Strategies Creating and Maintaining Urban Commons. p.65. 6. Morton, T., 2010. The ecological thought. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, p.2. 7. Morton, T., 2010. The ecological thought. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, p.32.

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and Insights for Creating and Maintaining Urban Commons. p.8. and Insights for Creating and Maintaining Urban Commons. p.8. and Insights for and Insights for and Insights for

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Cultural Bibliography

This chapter briefly describes the extra-curricular activities I took part in throughout the year.

Residential Design - Houses

Residential Design - Block of Flats Since July I have taken part in a medium-sized construction/architecture office, where together with a team of engineers we design various projects for clients. Depending on the project, my job was either producing the complete design for projects, drawing up 2d drawings, and producing 3d visualizations, either only producing renders for existing projects to be sold. During this time I have gained a lot of experience. Working with engineers have taught me the process that goes behind designing the structure of a building

I had the opportunity of designing on various scales and types of buildings. Mostly I was designing smaller residential houses for local clients, but I have worked on two proposals for bigger blocks of flats. To my surprise, I have discovered that working on smallscale projects is not as simple as it seems. I have also learned to not only create beautiful buildings but to deliver value to the people who use them. This position leads me to an understanding of what’s important to both client and community.

I think this experience improved my design thinking, process, and speed significantly and taught me how is it like working in an office and what are the skills required to excel in the construction industry. On the other hand, I have observed my mistakes and realised how much I need to learn and improve my skills to produce good quality architecture.

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Cultural Bibliography

Site Visits

Interior Design

Even if mostly I was working in the office on design, sometimes my work consisted of visiting the sites my practice was building at that moment. I had the opportunity of watching people work and practically learn what is the process of construction on the site.

Apart from working in the practice, I had the opportunity to design the interior space of 2 small size appartments.

What I have learned:

One of the most important things I gained experience in is balancing the client needs and budget, and ways of approaching the interior design in real life projcets.

1. Communication is key When you’re manoeuvring machinery around constantly, everyone needs to talking to each other to ensure they are all on the same page. If people fail to communicate for even a second, the potential for an accident increases. 2. Technique and tools There are a lot of different machines and tools you can use in construction, which can be all dangerous and difficult to master. 3. Hard work Working on construction sites is harder than it looks. I have learned to appreciate the time and effort people put in when working on site. 4. Teamwork The team is vitally important in construction. A strong team, can deliver the job quicker and more efficiently. However, if you have one person on your team who is slacking, it can slow you all down.

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Cultural Bibliography

THEMATIC CASE STUDY

THE PAUL MARSHALL BUILDING

Thematic Case Studies

GRAFTON ARCHITECTS

Each studio was asked to analyse case studies that are appropriate to their studio themes and interests. Think Corner was a project based on the connection between the academy and community, bringing researchers and design projects from the university towards the street level making them accessible for the public. This methodology has influenced my design by engaging the public to the activities happening inside my market and the activity centre proposal which aims to exhibit the work produced in the workshops to locals.

THE HILL HOUSE

Think Corner

VISUALITY GROUP | CURATING THE CITY

GERRIT RIETVELD ACADEMY AND SANDBERG INSTITUTE Studio Paulien Bremmer + Hootsmans Architects

BY SAM FARD, ELEANOR METTHAM, MICHELLE MOK, CATHERINE MCCONNACHE, HANNAH BATHO AND REECE MINOTT

Aleema Aziz Ollie Buckland Ming Chi Leung Jessica Male

Fondaco dei Tedeschi Venice

PORT HOUSE ANTWERP ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS

2009- 2016

The project Agrocite’s aim was to provide a community driven housing estate within a socially excluded site in Colombes, Paris. Tackling unemployment in the area. This case study analysis influenced my project’s brief for dealing with the same problem.

APPENDIX

“Change is the only constant in life”

Sophie Henderson Benjamin Galvin Guoyi Huang

Granby Four Streets Project By Assemble

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