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ARC3001 ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN PORTFOLIO BRIGHTON GROVE Dementia Care + Community Centre Studio: House of Memories Tutors: Stuart Franklin + Neveen Hamza Owen Thomas 180321047

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Additional work post review

FRAMING

TESTING

SYNTHESIS

APPENDIX

Section 1 Understanding Dementia 1.1 Dementia Facts + Figures 1.2 Characteristics of Dementia 1.3 Critical Research 1.4 Project Brief + Requirements Section 2 Designing the Pod 2.1 The Purpose of the Pod 2.2 Pod Materiality and User Experience 2.3 Memory Connections + Pod Light Section 3 Site Analysis

02 02 03 04 05 06 06 08 10 12

3.1 Locating the Site 3.2 Macro Analysis 3.3 Micro Analysis

12 14 16

Section 4 Initial Programming + Massing

4.1 Creating a Dementia Friendly Environment 4.2 Dementia Friendly Village 4.3 Programming + Massing

Section 5 Thinking Through Making

5.1 Concept 5.2 Sketch Modelling 5.3 Implementation Into Building

34 35 36

Section 6 Further Programming + Massing

6.1 Detailed Programming 6.2 Programming + Massing 6.3 Final Programming + Massing 6.4 Creating Green Views

38 42 46 48

Section 7 Responding To Site Context 7.1 Environmental Response 7. 2 Daylighting 7.3 Construction + Sequencing

Section 8 Final Building Form 8.1 Building Context 8.2 Building Plans 8.3 Building Sections Section 9 A Day In The Life 9.1 Introduction 9.2 A Residents Morning 9.3 Integrating The Community 9.4 Afternoon Activities

Work from previous submission

Section 10 Illustrated Bibliography

60 63 66

Section 11 Illustrated Cultural Bibliography

Section 12 Group Case Study

Section 13 Bibliography

116

72 74 78 82

Section 14 List of Figures

117

50 50 54 56

22 24 26

Section FRAMING 1 Understanding Section 1 Understanding Dementia Dementia

Section 1 Understanding Dementia

1.1 Dementia - Facts and Figures

1.2 Characteristics of Dementia

Dementia is a multifaceted syndrome causing a deterioration of the brain, affecting its capability to function normally. Dementia can take affect in many ways, the majority of cases being Alzheimer’s disease and Vascular Dementia (NHS, 2017), although there are approximately seven different types of dementia, each affecting people differently, and with different levels of severity. This cognitive degeneration generally transpires through problems with; memory loss, thinking Current Numbers speed, mood and movement (NHS, 2017).The issues of Global key importance are centred around more severe conditions that cause need for permanent care, such as; problems with processing new information, inability to register the spatial environment, and managing co morbid mental health Global Annual Growth issues prevalent in those suffering with dementia.

50,000,000

Increased Level of Stress

+10,000,000

Although dementia is most prevalent in people over the age of 65, it can affect those of a younger age, and it is not a normal part of ageing. The Alzheimer’s Society recognises that Cost approximately Global Annual 850,000 people in the UK live with a form of dementia, with predictions that by 2021 the numbers will reach over 1 million. The average annual cost of dementia in the UK is around £26.3 million, being split over health care and social care. Therefore with the number of cases set to increase, the cost is set to rise with it (Alzheimer’s Society, 2014). . This fact makes facilities and infrastructure for those people living with dementia a vital aspect of life. Care facilities are available at different levels of intensity of care, supposedly relative to the necessity of the condition. In general this ranges from; patients living at home with care from family members or visiting carers, part time care facilities where workers are present at day-time hours, and the type of facility we will be designing, a full time care and nursing facility with staff available 24 hours a day.

Reduced Capacity to Deal With Change

Distressed in unfamiliar environments

818,000,000,000

Forgetting to eat and drink

Anxiety from not recognising people/objects

UK current numbers

Forgetting to take medication

850,000

UK 2021 end projection

+1,000,000 UK annual cost

Inability to Register the Spatial Environment

£26,300,000

Global current numbers

Impaired Reasoning Unable to use new design features that they may not have seen before

Cannot differentiate similar colours

50,000,000

Difficulty working new things out

Some textures may be perceived as holes, gaps, or things to pick up

Global annual growth

+10,000,000 Global annual cost

£818,000,000,000

60-70% Alzheimers Disease

10-20% Vascular Dementia

10%

Frontotemporal Dementia with Dementia Lewy Bodies

1-5% Younger Onset

<1%

Memory Impairment

Hindered Movement

Difficulty remembering recent information

Inability to perceive common design elements

Difficulty remembering friends and family, names, or uses of things

General movement issues

Other

Section 1 Understanding Dementia

1.3 Critical Research

In order to create a scheme that successfully brings in dementia friendly design ideas and ties them to a residential facility, as well as a community building, rigorous research needed to be done in order to understand dementia in all aspects.

1.4 Project Brief + Requirements 1

The Studio House of Memories main aim is to design a successful residential and care facility for people living with the disease dementia. It also aims to integrate this with a community space where residents, guests and members of the public can meet together for activities.

This includes the various affects it has on different people, from the perspective of medical research, as well as understanding the existing parameters for design that are in place currently. For this information the NHS and Mayo Clinic were great resources, as well as some government documentation, and the World Alzheimers Report and various resources provided by the DSDC at Stirling University.

Based on this initial and ongoing research into what dementia is, the studio uses a few key design themes as objects for the project.

Another important aspect of research is to understand dementia from the point of view of someone living with the disease. Still Alice is a film that depicts someone who is beginning to live life with dementia. This bring a more real feeling to the research, and allows for us to understand more intimately the struggles that our scheme will aim to deal with. Listed below are 10 rules to summaries dementia friendly design.

Because of the complexity of dementia high levels of specialist care are often needed to look after those living with it. However these care centres are usually very clinical, which is detrimental to the health of the patients. Creating a homely, domestic and familiar environment is key.

1. 2. 3.

Unobtrusively Reduce Risk

Provide a Human Scale

Reduce Unhelpful Stimultation

Create a Familiar place

Optimise Helpful Stimulation

Allow people to See + Be Seen

10.

Design for Quality of Life

1. Minimise Institutionalisation

Residential Pods to be part of a living cluster, providing all social and communal needs for a group of residents

2. Respond Correctly to the Environment The outdoor environment should be comfortable to use with adequate shelter.The indoor spaces should also respond correctly to the environment, appropriately controlling light levels and natural views. Simulation technology will be key for this development.

Provide opportunity to be Alone or With Others

Support Movement + Engagement

Residential Pods kept private with good access to nature and sunlight

Living clusters to be on a circuit-like path that runs throughout the facility with no dead ends

3. Community Engagement

Link to the Community

Dementia is not a single disease; it’s an overall term... that covers a wide range of specific medical conditions... caused by abnormal brain changes - (Alzheimer’s Association, 2020)

Engagement between the community and the residents needs to be a key feature. Residents who can interact with the public feel more freedom and sense of place within the community. Intergenerational activity is also beneficial, therefore a space for families to interact is key.

4. Outdoor Access Residents need plenty of free access to the outdoors, therefore measures should be taken to allow private and communal outdoors spaces to be safely and discreetly controlled.

Community space accessible but not part of circuit. Important for community integration and breaking stigma of disease

A good care home will follow the principles of person-centred care... aim to see the person with dementia as an individual...[and] takes into account each individual’s unique qualities, abilities, interests, preferences and needs - (Alzheimer’s Society, 2020)

Section 2 Designing the Pod

2.1 The Purpose of the Pod

The first design challenge for this project involved implementing our new found research into a ‘Pod’ design. This Pod is the main living area for the residents of our proposed scheme. In this space the residents need; space to sleep, their own en suite, room for guests to visit or sleep over, and outdoor access. The previous research allowed for some precise areas to be focused on when creating parameters and necessities for the pod. For example, most residents will have decreased mobility, and therefore the bed will be an often occupied space. It is key that everything they would need to use is visible from this point; the toilet, TV, doors, and the outdoors. Visible access triggers the memory and reminds the residents of what they may want or need at certain times. Allowing space for the bed to move throughout the pod also means that residents can be moved throughout the facility, whether its to the outdoors or the treatment rooms, from the comfort of the bed.

2.1 The Purpose of the Pod 1

Wheelchair Accessibility

Light + Circadian Rhythm

Entrance

En suite

Living Space

Storage

Outdoor Space

Natural Light

Designing Outward from the Bed

3 1

Entrance

Colour Contrast

Memory Box Personalised Door Porch area to connect with neighbour 1 1/2 leaf door enables bed to be moved in and out

Living Space Hospital bed on wheels Easy access bed side lighting Carpet of single colour Picture rail Shelving to display personal items TV visible to whole room Sofa-bed below window

En suite Toilet visible from bed Slip proof, single colour vinyl floor Toilet and handrails contrast wall colour Automatic lights change luminance level throughout the day

Storage

Ventilation

Outdoor Space Veranda for ground floor, balcony on first floor Safe and vibrant plants for gardening and tending Seating and table for guests Flooring once again needs to match in colour that of the inside Space enough for wheelchair/ bed to be situated

Draws and Cupboards should be open with all contents visible, making for easier use Optional mirror

Section 2 Designing the Pod

2.2 Pod Materiality and User Experience

2.2 Pod Materiality and User Experience 1

Dark Wood Vinyl

Non-Slip Vinyl Do: Floor tone consistency - floor to wall contrast

Don’t: Floor tone contrast - visible threshold strip

Figure 1 Material Contrast Do’s + Don’ts (Forbo Flooring Systems, 2020)

Carpet

Light Wood

Balcony Garden

Dark Wood

5 6 Material consistency and contrast is another important area of exploration. This helps with recognition for residents and correct material choices also reduces light reflection and glare. Throughout the building the floor surfaces should have a level of consistency wherever it is possible. Any sudden changes in colour may be perceived by the residents as a step or whole, and any small flecked textures could be confused as things to pick up. Therefore flooring LRV (Light Reflectance Value) should be within 8 degrees between surfaces. Less is better, and no more than 10. Using vinyl in the en suites is good for non-slip and waterproofing, and for areas with heavier foot traffic it can dampen unnecessary sound stimulation. However when considering wall to floor or wall/floor to door connections their needs to be a strong contrast in order that the door can be seen as an object separate to the wall. This works similarly for furniture within the room. Therefore for these surfaces the LRV should be at a difference of 30 degrees (Forbo, 2020).

Section 2 Designing the Pod

Another key part of dementia friendly design is the memory cues. Situated throughout the building there needs to be consistent visual reminders for the residents about the uses of each space they enter. This can range from colour coded doors, simple graphical sign-age and text. Here is an example of how it would work in a communal living space. This ‘cluster’ below is an example of how the pods might connect to each other, and a social space. Cluster recognition may be something placed at the entrance to each particular cluster of pods that unifies the residents and builds a subconscious connection towards that space as being their own. For example it could be

a mural, or a simple textured wall. Familiar doors and memory boxes are placed at an individuals pod entrance. These are much more personal and intend to connect the resident to their individual room. If the residents can build a connection to their own space it becomes another area of life which they can manage without staff assistance. Independence and personalisation are clearly key areas to tackle in this scheme.

Using the light simulation technology Velux means that the pod could also be tested for appropriate light levels. A lux level around 200 is ideal to maintain in the room. Notably the simulation below shows a distorted range, however it does display that the room is in general exposed to a similar level of light, except at the window the light levels become too extreme. This immediately highlights an adaptation for the full scheme, showing that appropriate shading is necessary, particularly in areas of high use. Similarly the simulations show a potential for adding more areas for light to access the room.

2.3 Memory Connections and Pod Light

2.3 Memory Connections + Pod Light

2.3 Memory Connections and Pod Light

9am

Noon

Pre-sunset

9 6

1 11

1. Cluster Recognition 2. Familiar Doors 3. Memory Boxes 4. Pod 5. Private Outdoor Space 6. Living Space 7. Dining Room 8. Kitchenette 9. Access to Courtyard Garden 10. Accessible WC 11. Communal Areas 12. Staff Zones

Cluster Recognition

Familiar Doors

8pm

5pm

Summer Solstice - additional glass doors, no shading

Summer Solstice - additional shading above window

Scale: Luminance cd/m2

Memory Boxes

Figure 3 Familiar Door (Find Memory Care, 2019)

Figure 2 Cluster Recognition (marchesepartners, 2021)

Winter Solstice

Summer Solstice

Equinox

3pm

These internal views show an updated simulation, simulated at June 21st. First of all the addition of glass door allows more light in, meaning the room is closer to 200 lux. The second simulation is done with the addition of a small brise soliel above the window. Although small this does show a change the lux level surrounding the window and door areas. This would make these spaces easier to use for reading and relaxing.

Figure 4 Memory Box (Alzheimers Society,2019)

Section 3 Site Analysis

3.1 Locating the Site

Located in West Newcastle, to the very south west of the Arthurs Hill electoral ward lies the site. Covering an approximate area of 12,000m2 the site rests almost entirely flattened after recent demolition of the old hospital buildings, with one structure still standing to the north, and a wall running along Brighton Grove to the east and Westgate Road to the south. The site itself is within the boundaries of the Campus for Ageing and Vitality, a multi-use hospital complex dating back to the late 1830’s, and still in use to this day. The idea of this new development scheme is that it will tie-in with the already existing facilities on site. However another important consideration is how to break down the existing barriers and allow for the public to have better access through this currently inaccessible site. This means creating a space that appreciates the scale of the surrounding residencies, yet can simultaneously act as a community beacon.

Existing Building

Current Car Park

Existing Green

Arthurs Hill

Newcastle Upon Tyne

2 The Site

100m

The Campus for Ageing and Vitality (54.976, -1.644) 13

Section 3 Site Analysis

Zooming out gives a wider scale of surrounding activities. Residents that will move to this new care facility will in general come from a home that is nearby to the facility. Considering this it is important to understand what local attractions and activities the future residents may have engaged in. Specific areas of general attraction include the wide green spaces of the moors, or the quayside, both great area for walks, picnics, cafes and beautiful views. The city centre is also close by, and St James park holds a level of importance for most geordies.These are features to consider simulating in some way throughout the new scheme, as well as creating spaces for visitors from local community groups, such as the Newcastle United football team.

Looking at the more local community helps with understanding the demographic of people living in the surrounding area, a swell as what amenities and activities are locally available. The area has a student population and high amount of low-income households, a multitude of religious buildings, and plenty of schools. Westgate Road also provides the main area for shops of all kinds, as well as easy access directly into the City Centre.

3.2 Macro Analysis

Town Moore

Campus for Ageing and Vitality

2 3

St. James Park

4 4

City Centre

5 Quayside

5 15

Section 3 Site Analysis

3.3 Micro Analysis

Here is a further study of the local amenities and the movement patterns around the site. In terms of public accessibility to the site it is very easy to locate and access. The site itself lies just to the north of Westgate Road, a main road for shops and general amenities running through the entire west of Newcastle. To the sites east is Brighton Grove, which acts as an extension of Westgate Road heading northward. Once again it is populated with restaurants and small shops, however it quickly leads into the residential section of Arthurs Hill. An issue with the site in its current state is that is acts as a barrier to the pedestrian movement flow. A physical barrier block pedestrians from walking through the current site, and therefore forces them to walk parallel to what are some relatively high traffic roads. This does not create the best pedestrian experience.

500m

Wingrove Primay School

Moorside Community Primary School

The Campus for Ageing + Vitality

Existing Building

Campus for Ageing + Vitality Care Home

200m

Food Store

However this does mean that responsible levels of transport stops and parking are located nearby to the site, and therefore if residents of the new scheme want to take a trip, or visitors from further out want to come in there is reasonable provision for this.

Wingrove Chippy

100m

NECTAR Amulance

Westgate Hill Primary Academy

Site Newcastle Apostolic Church

Alzheimers Society Local Office St John Nursary Ambulance Red Cross

Existing Barrier + Pedestrian Entrance

Restaurants

Green Space

Westgate Road Baptist Church

Westwood Lodge Carehome

Traffic Density

Sunpath 0

250

500m

Section 3 Site Analysis

3.3 Micro Analysis

Residential

Examining the site itself begins to highlight some more important features that will affect the eventual design scheme.The combined wind rose and sun path diagram below highlight the initial environmental research, notably showing the high wind speeds prevailing from the south west. The sectional studies analyse the existing building towards the north of the site. Along the east side road, Brighton Grove, the pavement slopes down whilst the site remains level, causing a 2 meter drop behind the north of the site. Working around this slope is part of planning for how to deal with the existing building.

The Site

Westgate Rd

South Elevation

West Section NW

N N

Section A-A

East Elevation

North Elevation

W W

E E SE

Plan SW

Wind Direction

Campus SW Boundary SW

Summer Solstice

Site Boundary

Winter Solstice

SE SE SE

S S S

Section West - East 18

Section 3 Site Analysis

Section 3 Site Analysis Hospital Facility

I created a 3D model of the site using Sketchup in order to give a different visual of the site context.This also allows for quick massing models to be put into site context to explore different ideas and iterations effectively.

Campus Green

Car Park

5 E

Prevailing Wind

3 2

0 3 6 10 13 16 20 23 27 30

City Centre 20 minute walk

The existing green space is also shown. This could become part of a more uniform green front that creates more interesting an pedestrian friendly routes through the site. We also use the Envimet simulation engine to create environmental simulations of the site. This software enabled us to test the development of the project at each stage, giving accurate environmental data that could inform the next design iteration.

Residents affected by new development

Using this model highlights the scale of the surrounding residential buildings, and their proximity to the site. Furthermore, existing car park space used for the Campus is shown, and is something that can potentially be utilised by guests or staff using the new scheme, meaning little to no new parking spaces need to be incorporated into the site.

Nuns Moor 20 minute walk

350m

3.3 Micro Analysis 350m

3.3 Micro Analysis

250m

This envimet simulation displays the wind speeds at the site and the surrounding areas. Where the wind speeds reach the higher areas on the chart the persons level of comfort decreases. As we can see here the general wind speed, which is taken from June 21st, is not too high. The general flatness on site allows for wind to flow unobstructed. The vegetation creates a minor barrier without trapping or harshly redirecting the wind.

250m

The mean radiant temperature on site lies around the lower end of the spectrum, with certain areas nearer to the buildings seeing spikes in thermal range. This is less of an issue than high spikes in wind speed as thermal comfort can be managed by wrapping up warm. In terms of temperature, when the new development is being planned I will simply have to make sure outdoor areas have appropriate shelter, and get as much sun exposure as possible.

Section 4 Massing + Programming

4.1 Creating a Dementia Friendly Environment

One of the most effective preventions of dementia or its progression is to stay active and have frequent social interaction with other people. Therefore a physically active lifestyles and social integration are key. Most people with dementia try to avoid socially exigent situations, and often feel intimidated in formal places. Therefore mixed use, compact local neighbourhoods with welcoming open spaces are what needs to be implemented throughout the design.

People with Dementia tend to cope better with its affects when they are in a familiar environment. This sense of belonging to a place helps to maintain an identity and well-being.Therefore a reliance on familiarity in; layout, structure, sign-age and general architectural typology is important. A smallscale, legible, non-institutional layout with domestic-style furnishings and fittings can help to reduce the level of disorientation, confusion and distress in residents. (L. Mitchell, 2006)

Connecting To The Community

Creating A Sense Of Place

1 Stay Active

2 Frequent Social Interaction

3 Cross-generational

Design from the Bedroom

Non-institutional

Friendly Entrances

When considering how to integrate the residents into the community it is important to create a space within the project where the residents and the community can be involved in activities together. For this project there are 3 main activity spaces that will make this a possibility:

1. Cafe A cafe is an obvious choice. Is an easy space to draw in the public at all times of day. Locals can grab breakfast or a drink before work, parents can meet up after a school run, an most importantly visitors to the community centre can interact with the residents in a completely public, yet safe and monitored space.

2. Library 28

Reading is an activity for all to enjoy, and is also relaxing and stress free. Therefore this can be a space where residents can sit and read with grand kids and other family members. Furthermore, this is a space the residents can use in their own time as well.

BRIGHTON GROVE DEMENTIA CARE + COMMUNITY CENTRE Public Allotments Book in now for free activities at our allotment plots Open to the public all week 8:30am - 6pm

3. Allotments 4 Mixed Use Area

5 Open + Informal Spaces

6 Variety of Distinctive Features

10 Familiar Features

11 Easy to Navigate

12 Clearly Identifiable

Green spaces are not only extremely important for people living with dementia, but for all people in general. Its widely recognised that simply ‘having trees in the view is important to being at peace’ (R. Kaplan, 2001), and that ‘exposure to urban green space [is] associated with reduced incidence of dementia’ (A. Laurne et al, 2020). Therefore creating green views throughout the project is a key feature. However simply seeing nature isn’t enough. Creating an outdoor activity space such as an allotment patch is the idea. Interacting with nature through activities ‘has been shown to be restorative and relaxing and beneficial to cognition’ (N. Mmako, et al, 2020). Gardening, or observing the process and learning encourages ‘decision-making, self-control...confidence, self-esteem, and hope’ (T. Graham-Cochrane, 2010). These are important characteristics for anyone to feel freedom in any given environment.

Section 4 Initial Programming + Massing

Section 4 Initial Programming + Massing 4.2 Dementia Friendly Village

Considering the size of the site, and its previous state, being such that it was populated with buildings only up until recently, an initial massing exercise was proposed that meant replacing these buildings with a small ‘dementia village’. This was to take up approximately a third of the site, towards the southern side, and should compliment the eventual development situated to the north. This dementia village would be used by residents who can live more independently than those in the main facility, however still gives them access to all the features of the main scheme.

350m

4.2 Dementia Friendly Village

1 2

I further wanted to make a space that could be utilised by the community, creating routes and pathways more interesting and convenient than currently exist to help with engagement through the site, and flow for the locals, as well as breaking down the visual barrier.

Break down the Westgate Road + Brighton Grove barrier

Create connections through the site, activating the existing green

Main Site

Brighton Grove Entrance

Westgate Road Entrance

Home Entrances

Private Gardens

Dementia Village Massing Plan

1 5 1

Main Site

Dementia Village

Clusters of shared living buildings connected to the new care facility 24

Gardens for dementia village residents, and new greenery planted for additional privacy

250m

Using the Envimet simulation shows the green trees and hedges keep the wind speed levels towards the lower, more appropriate ends. There are pockets of higher wind turbulence around the new buildings in the village. However the speeds are not high enough to be of concern, and certain areas clearly experience much lower wind speeds due to the protective vegetation.

Dementia Village Massing Isometric 25

Section 4 Initial Programming + Massing

4.3 Programming + Massing

The site for the main development has now been set, and the initial routes towards it are forming from the dementia village modelling. Before the massing study properly begins it is key that an understanding of the facilities programme is established. As the brief has stated this development is to home 16 residents living with dementia. As these people need full time supervision, it is important that the building itself is designed in a safe and secure way as to allow them as much freedom as is possible within the parameters of dementia friendly design A secondary feature of major importance is creating spaces that both the residents and the public can freely use, without encroaching on the ward or clinical spaces.

Required Spaces

Area (in square meters)

Extra Info

Main Public Space Reception

Waiting Area

Protected space between public + private

Waiting Area

Cafe

100

Open to public throughout whole day

Community Space

150

An activity zone for intergenerational learning

Controlled Access For Residents + Visitors Games Room

100

Activities that all can participate in

Cinema

100

Open to public throughout the whole day

Library

200

Quite zones for guests and resident to relax

Kitchenette

Small kitchen for residents to make drinks/snacks

Dining Room

Connected to circulation, separated by screens

Open Living Room

Access to natural light

TV room

Closed space for

Living Pod - Ensuite - Bedroom Space - Balcony/Veranda

Private space for residents to live in with access to the outdoors and space for a guest to stay the night

Accessible WC

Storage

Creating a bubble diagram makes it clear how the spaces need to connect to each other. Within the context of this building its is important to factor in a circuit that the residents can walk around, unobstructed and without dead ends.Wandering syndrome affects approximately six out of ten people living with dementia (Alzheimer’s Association, 2020). It can occur for reasons such as; stress in an environment, searching for an unknown thing and spatial issues causing them to get lost. Creating a wandering paths allows for a looped circuit to keep the residents from ever feeling lost or stuck in one place. Furthermore, placing areas of entertainment at consistent intervals along this circuit stops it from becoming one long corridor. This forms the basis of the design principle for the building programme. Natural Light

Privacy

Proximity to Outdoors

High Importance

Residents Living Area Allotments

Resident Pods

A washroom for residents who need assistance

Staff + Residents Area 15

Waiting Room

Medical Assessment Room

Treatment Room

Quiet Room

Storage

Main Site Dementia Village

Break Room

Space for staff to relax

Staff Kitchen

Small space for lunch breaks

Meeting Room

Staff planning and consultation space

Laundry/Utilities

Cleaning + disposal of residents laundry items

Storage

Main Kitchen

Food prepared for residents daily

Food Storage

Fresh food storage

Waste/Deliveries

Connected to storage and outdoor delvery area

• x8 Pods •Kitchenette •Living Space •Assisted WC

Communal Living Space

Entrance/ Reception

Library

Pod Garden

Cinema

Games Room

Pod Garden

Staff Rooms

Resident Gardens

Access WC Reception Public Allotments

Car Park Ambulance Cafe/Public Space

Bathrooms Activity Spaces

Vehicular Access

Disabled Parking

Meeting/ Consultation

Allotments Storage

Cluster

Communal Areas

Circulation

Bathrooms

Cluster

Activity Space

Communal Areas

Meeting/ Consultation

Nursing Station Private Courtyard

Resident Pods

Staff Area

Circulation

Services + Storage

Main Kitchen

Nursing Station

Resident Gardens

Utilities

Public Space

Low Importance

Meeting/ Consultation

Activity Spaces

Staff Only Areas

Waiting Room

Resident Pods

Communal Areas

Offices

Allotments

Bathrooms Resident Gardens

Staff Staff Staff Entrance/ Changing - Changing Female Male Break Room

Public Toilet

Storage Pedestrian Access

Section 4 Initial Programming + Massing

4.3 Programming + Massing 7

4.3 Programming + Massing

13 3

13 13

13 6

11 10

2 1

Ground Floor

First Floor

1. Car Park/Ambulance 2. Entrance 3. Public Activity Space 4. Public Allotment 5. Communal Living/Activity Space

6. Pod Cluster 7. Nursing/Treatment/Offices 8. Courtyard 9. Staff Area + Services

7 10

12 16

8 9 4

12 16

8 9

Points for Development

Ground Floor

First Floor 0

More of a buffer between building and the main/service roads

Courtyard too vast

Need south facing garden spaces

Wandering circuit would be too long

West cluster does not receive enough daylight

Better security between public and private spaces

1. Car Park 2. Ambulance 3. Reception 4. Cafe 5. Intergenerational Space 6. Allotment 7. Communal Room 8. Library 9. Circulation 10. Kitchenette 11. Dining

12. Living Room 13. Pods 14. Accessible WC 15. Clinic 16. Office 17. Main Kitchen 18. Utilities 19. Staff Room 20. Staff Changing 21. Plants/Bins 22. Courtyard

1. Car Park 2. Ambulance 3. Reception 4. Cafe 5. Intergenerational Space 6. Allotment 7. Communal Room 8. Library Mezzanine 9. Circulation 10. Kitchenette 11. Dining

20m

12. Living Room 13. Pods 14. Accessible WC 15. Clinic 16. Office 17. Main Kitchen 18. Utilities 19. Staff Room 20. Staff Changing 21. Plants/Bins 22. Courtyard

Section 4 Initial Programming + Massing

4.3 Programming + Massing

4.3 Programming + Massing N

9 6

8 5

Staff Entrance

4 3 1

Staff Zone

Utilities + Kitchen

Communal Activity

Small Shops

Delivery

8 2

Ground Floor

First Floor

1. Car Park/Ambulance 2. Entrance 3. Public Activity Space 4. Public Allotment 5. Communal Living/Activity Space

6. Pod Cluster 7. Nursing/Treatment/Offices 8. Cluster Garden 9. Main Courtyard 10. Staff Area + Services

Nursing Area

Pod Cluster

Protected Courtyard

Pod Cluster

Cluster Garden

Communal Activity

Reception

Circulation

Points for Development 1

Allotment now not getting enough daylight West cluster garden too small

West cluster still too dark East elevation too harsh for main road

Need to explore creating a first floor circuit Potentially remove second nursing/treatment area

Outdoor Space Double Height Physical Connection Visual Connection

Cluster Garden

Cafe Intergenerational Space

Public Entrance

Section 4 Initial Programming + Massing

4.3 Programming + Massing 10

4.3 Programming + Massing N

5 9

6 8

4 8 1

3 2

Ground Floor

First Floor

1. Car Park/Ambulance 2. Entrance 3. Public Activity Space 4. Public Allotment 5. Communal Living/Activity Space

6. Pod Cluster 7. Nursing/Treatment/Offices 8. Cluster Garden 9. Main Courtyard 10. Staff Area + Services

Points for Development

Begin to think more about public approach and entrance

Main living spaces now exposed to enough daylight

How to create better drop-off + ambulance flow

Create staff access to services, hidden from residents

Make sure deliveries do not block main public routes/roads

TESTING Section 1 Understanding Section 5 Thinking Dementia Through Making

Section 5 Thinking Through Making

5.1 Concept

5.2 Sketch Modelling

Thinking Through Making was an opportunity to specifically look at one area of the building and dive into resolving it through model making and other methods of testing. For this project there is a focus on safe outdoor accessibility and the availability of appropriate natural light. Therefore one area that would make sense to test would be the pod veranda/balcony. These spaces are connected to the living pods and allow for each resident to have a private outdoor space of their own. It is key that they are big enough to allow for wheelchair access, as well as the beds to fit to accommodate for the less mobile residents. They should also be sizeable enough to host a family visit. As residents will likely spend a lot of time in these spaces, along with their guests, it is important that they are comfortable and easy to use. A further consideration is how to make these areas more usable year-round. Is there a possible way to create a sheltered space that still feels outdoors, retaining that connection between the residents and nature? The following page shows an initial sketch model and drawing study to illustrate the initial principles stated below.

Location of Veranda/Balcony + Proposed Testing 1 1

Add shading above windows to dapple harsh sun light

Add shading elements to the balcony structure itself to reduce glare and harsh sun light when outdoors

Allow enough natural light into the first floor pod, without the balcony overshadowing

Creating a solid structure that has an interesting architectural language and consistent material palette

Section 5 Thinking Through Making

By creating a model using cardboard and wood I was able to highlight the different aspects of the model and create a visualisation of the how the veranda and balcony space could look.

This overhead canopy is a feature than can be fully usable by the residents. A simple remote or wall mounted control would allow for it to be opened or closed at the residents will. As has already been discussed allowing for an easily accessible outdoors space is key, and making it as functional as possible all year round is the aim.

5.3 Implementation Into Building

Cutting out the triangular section from the balcony allows for light to enter in to the ground floor. There is still space for the first floor balcony to have enough room for seating, plants, and the wheel-out bed. After creating the model it became evident that the slim, vertical timber shading would not be necessary. First of all it blocked the light more than dappled it, and hindered the amount of light to the ground floor, which is not necessary.

5.3 Implementation Into Building

Canopy open when weather is suitable

Canopy closed when weather is bad

Particularly in the temperate climate of the UK the elements can be difficult to face for the elderly, and particularly those living with dementia. They can be more sensitive to heat or cold without necessarily realising it themselves (SCIE, 2020). Therefore having these forms of shade and shelter are important as features throughout the whole scheme.

Adding in these large timber frames allows for them to be used as structural support for the balcony, as well as the support for the canopy mechanism. Adding in the canopy for the first floor was a useful solution to shading. It also allows for the outdoor space to be used when the weather is rainy.

Section 6 Further Programming + Massing

6.1 Detailed Programming

Cluster

Stair access to mezzanine

Seating

Family Area Cluster

6.1 Detailed Programming

Visual 4 connection between family Family Area area and public space

Stair access to mezzanine

Visual connection between family area and public space

Storage

Cluster

Development of Community Space 2

Elevator

Elevator Intergenerational Space Learning

3 Waiting Room

Waiting Room

Intergenerational Space

The main entrance should welcome visitors into an open, publicly usable space.A cafe would draw foot-traffic from residents on their way to work, local families or students and visitors to the residents of the dementia care facility

The allotments + intergenerational space are areas for learning new skills, and are open to all ages and abilities. Having some for of visual connection between this space and the more protected family area is intended to give the residents a stronger sense of connection to the community, and less isolation

However considering the nature of dementia it is also important that the residents are as secure as possible. Having a reception and waiting room pushed back from the main entrance allows for the public space to remain open, whilst giving staff the ability to protect residents from wandering straight out of the building

The family area is a communal space connecting the living clusters, providing an area for the residents and guests to relax in a south facing, naturally lit, open space. Potentially a games room and library, spanning over two floors with a mezzanine view of the public space

Access to allotments

Stations

Learning Stations

Access to allotments

Reception

Allotments

1 Allotments Public Toilet

Public Toilet

Cafe and Community Space

Cafe Entrance

Cafe

The Allotments + Healing Gardens

Public Cafe

Entrance

Community Space Plan 38

Section 6 Further Programming + Massing

6.1 Detailed Programming

2 Development of Cluster Space

Each cluster is made up of four living pods, alongside communal spaces enough for the four residents as well as any visitors they may choose to have with them

Each cluster will have its own access to treatment rooms, and should be easily accessible and visible to members of staff

Outdoor access is key and therefore circulation leads immediately to the outdoors allow residents on the first floor to have easy access to garden spaces

Pod Veranda

Dining + Communal Space

Cluster Plan 40

Section 6 Further Programming + Massing

6.2 Programming + Massing 12

6.2 Programming + Massing

6 9

7 8

7 8 1

Ground Floor 1. Car Park 2. Drop-off 3. Entrance 4. Public Activity Space 5. Public Allotments

6 4 5

3 2

First Floor 6. Communal Activity/Living Space 7. Pod Cluster 8. Cluster Garden 9. Main Courtyard 10. Nursing/Treatment/Offices

11. Ambulance Entrance/Drop-off 12. Staff Break Space 13. Utilities 14. Services/Deliveries

Points for Development 1

Begin to think more about public approach and entrance

Main living spaces now exposed to enough daylight

How to create better drop-off + ambulance flow

Create staff access to services, hidden from residents

Make sure deliveries do not block main public routes/roads

Model Isometric 42

Section 6 Further Programming + Massing

6.2 Programming + Massing 12

6 11

6.2 Programming + Massing

8 7 8

Ground Floor 1. Car Park 2. Drop-off 3. Entrance 4. Public Activity Space 5. Public Allotments

4 5

First Floor 6. Communal Activity/Living Space 7. Pod Cluster 8. Cluster Garden 9. Main Courtyard 10. Nursing/Treatment/Offices

11. Ambulance Entrance/Drop-off 12. Staff Break Space 13. Utilities 14. Services/Deliveries

Points for Development 1

Begin to think more about public aproach and entrance

Main living spaces now exposed to enuogh daylight

How to create better drop-off + ambulance flow

Create staff access to services, hidden from residents

Make sure deliveries do not block main public routes/roads

Model Isometric 44

Section 6 Further Programming + Massing

6.3 Final Programming + Massing

23 12

20 15

13 12

8 3

Community Space (170m2)

Residential Activity Space (710m2) Library 400m2, Well-being 50m2 (x2), Activity105m2 (x2)

Residential Cluster (435m2 x 4)

Staff Area (280m2)

Toilets (144m2)

Private Green Space (816m2)

Plant Rooms (80m2)

Public Allotment (680m2)

10 9

9 9

5 7

14 13

9 10

Consultation Rooms (100m2)

11 32

20 12

Cafe (160m2)

6.3 Final Programming + Massing

3 9

4 2

33 4

Ground Floor

First Floor 0

1. Entrance 2. Cafe 3. Bar/kitchen 4. Community Learning Space 5. Public WC 6. Reception 7. Waiting Room 8. Library 9. Kitchenette 10. Living Space 11. TV Room

12. Protected Circulation 13. Living Pod 14. Staff Office/Storage 15. Accessible WC 16. Clinical Waiting Room 17. Clinic 18. Treatment 19. Quiet Room 20. Ambulance Entrance 21. WC 22. Social Space

23. Kiosk 24. Plant Room 25. Unprotected Circulation 26. Staff Changing 27. Staff Kitchen 28. Staff Break Room 29. Utilities 30. Main Kitchen 31. Parking + Bins 32. Courtyard 33. Private Garden

1. Library 2. WC 3. Staff Watch 4. Green Roof 5. Kitchenette 6. Living Space 7. TV Room 8. Protected Circulation 9. Living Pod 10. Staff Office/Storage 11. Accessible WC

20m

12. Clinical Waiting Room 13. Clinic 14. Treatment 15. Quiet Room 16. WC 17. Social Space 18. Balcony 19. Plant 20. Unprotected Circulation 21. Staff Breakout Space 22. Staff Meeting Room

S Section 6 Further Programming + Massing

Section 6 Further Programming + Massing

6 Creating Green Views 6.4

The internal green wall and green roof alike both exhibit a small part of what this scheme as a whole aims to convey, in terms of connecting its residents and visitors to nature. Research suggests that this connection is innate in humans, and that simply ‘viewing nature through a window can promote positive health benefits, stimulate mental stress recovery’ (P. Uwajeh, et al, 2019), and increase general well-being. This positive impact applies both to the residents living with dementia and the visitors.

2 3

5 6 Green Wall

Green Roof

However there is a level of care needed when incorporating plants into a care centre, specifically internally. The green wall and roof are both visible but out of reach of the residents, which is key as the residents may attempt to eat the plants, which negatively affects health and hygiene. The green wall is located in the waiting room, spanning the height of the building making it visible from the ground floor and the library mezzanine above. It creates an interesting feature in the waiting room, an otherwise dull environment, and a relaxing space for those above socialising in the library.

6.4 Creating Green Views

Figure 6 Green Roof: From Case Study on Maggies Centre in Newcastle (Maggies, 2021)

5 6 3 8

Figure 7 Surrounding the building with green views (Maggies, 2021)

Support System

Light Vegetation

Waterproof Backing

Growing Medium

Rear Drainage

Filter Fleece

Aluminium Rails

Drainage Element

Capillary Breaks

Root Barrier

Growing Medium

Retention Trim

Panel Box

Waterproof Membrane

Plants

Roof Build-up

The green roof is above the main entrance, therefore visible from the library and Brighton Grove. 48

Figure 5 Green Wall Constrution (Biotecture, 2021)

Section 7 Responding To Site Context

7.1 Environmental Response

In terms of an environmental response it was important to use as much of the software available to create a successful building form. Understanding the path of the sun and how it will cast shadows has been key for the massing development. The main considerations were allowing light in to the garden space, the living pods and communal areas, and not overshadowing the residents directly behind the site.

Staff areas to the back lowered to allow more light to resident

Majority of outdoor space facing the south for maximum sunlight

Central courtyard for activities + healing

Sketchup light simulations showed that the cluster gardens and the allotments to the south all received almost full sun coverage throughout the year. The central courtyard has good access to light, except for the months closer to the winter equinox. If more iterations were to be done then changes to the south of the building would need to be made in order to allow more light into this area. The addition of the courtyard balcony means the courtyard does have a space with year-round access to sun.

Veranda + balcony allow for private garden spaces

Staff + Residents can use the balcony during the day

58.5

Summer Solstice 9am

Summer Solstice 12pm

Summer Solstice 7pm Central Courtyard

Internal circuit gives multiple access points to courtyard

Cluster Garden

Allotments

Summer solstice 58.5 11 4 1

Equinox 35

Equinox 9am

Equinox 12pm

Equinox 5pm

1. Residential 2. Service Back Road 3. Building Services 4. Activity Space

5. Balcony 6. Courtyard 7. Living Space 8. Mezzanine Living Space

Winter Solstice 9am

Winter Solstice 12pm

Winter Solstice 3pm

1. Car Park 2. Campus Service Road 3. Ambulance Entrance 4. Circulation

5. Courtyard 6. Balcony 7. Living Space 8. Mezzanine Living Space

9. Pod 10. Private Garden 11. East Cluster 12. Public Space

Winter solstice 12 4

12 8

13. Allotments

9. Pod 10. Private Garden 11. Brighton Grove 12. Residential

Section 7 Responding To Site Context S

Section 7 Responding To Site Context

Further considerations for the building are its sustainability in regards to powering the facility.

The central courtyard is where the ground source heat pump is located. This transports the heat stored in the ground to the plant rooms before it is distributed to power the facility. The ground is heated throughout the day, and just 2 meters down the it can remain at 10deg throughout the year. In this case the vertical exchange loop brings in this energy to heat the building through underfloor heating, and provide hot water (GSHPA, 2021).

7.1 Environmental Response Solar Panel Technical Data

The site has great access to sunlight with no high-rise buildings or natural features impeding it. Using a grid connected system allows for use of solar energy in the day and grid energy at night, as well as excess energy being sent back to the grid (Greenmatch, 2021).

Roof slope: <45deg Building Height: <20m Wind Speed: <88m/s Material: Anodized aluminum 6005 T5 stainless steel 304

PV Panels Hot water

These solar panels can easily be fitted to the roof of the building.The proposed solar panels areas are all approximately within 30deg of south facing, and within the required roof slope parameters.

1 Standing Seam

3 Bracket

Fuse Box

Electricity Company

External Meter

Power to Building Horizontal Ground Loop

Evaporator + Compressor

Concrete Core Plant Room Ground Source Heat Pump

6 3

2 Clamp

Inverter

Heating

Figure 8 Solar Panel Connection (G-Solar, 2021)

In terms of rain water collection, the large courtyard space can be where water is filtered too. From here the underground storage can feed to gardens around the scheme, irrigating the allotments and cluster gardens.

1. Downspout Filter 2. Underground Storage 3. Recirculating Filter 4. Toilet Supply 5. Permeable Surface 6. Allotment Irrigation

350m

77.1 Environmental Response

250m

The final massing envimet simulation shows that the dementia village is a success, with wind speeds at a lower level than the general surroundings. Even more successfully, the main project’s courtyard has extremely low wind speeds, as well as the majority of the surrounding garden spaces and all entrances. The only issue is a spike towards the south east point, however this clearly happens with all buildings in the area, and is a common issue.

Section 7 Responding To Site Context

7. 2 Daylighting

Using the Velux programme was important when it came to understanding how to create a better experience for the users. By testing the building in its current form areas where too much or too little light reach can be highlighted for change. Section AA cuts through the cafe on the ground floor and the library above. The daylight simulation looks as if the lighting is appropriate. The left of the section is where the toilets are located. Its okay that they are darker, as they need to be more private, so interior lighting can be added. However looking at the ground floor towards the right the lux levels reach 500.This becomes an uncomfortable level for any visitors, especially those with dementia.To counteract this eaves need to be added at the wall to roof junction. Or if this junction is to stay smooth then potentially window frames that protrude from the wall could add shading. Section BB takes a section through the whole building. Once again the lighting looks appropriate on the whole.The storage + utility rooms to the far left receive little direct sunlight, which is okay, and the main communal areas receive a lot. Once again there are areas where the lux levels exceed what is comfortable. This is because of large areas of glazing. To fix this problem the same ideas as above can be used. For larger areas of glazing mullions can be added, and also screens can be added in order to dapple the light into the communal areas. B

A B

A Scale: Luminance cd/m2 Section AA - Light Study

Section BB - Light Study 55

Section 7 Responding To Site Context 7.3 Construction + Sequencing

This section has been taken through the entrance module of the building, highlighting the primary entrance in elevation, alongside the public cafe and the residents library space in section. The section displays the scale of the building as friendly and accessible, whilst also being full of activity and quiet spaces. This is vital in order to make every area, that is appropriate for the residents to access, complicit with dementia friendly design guidelines. The single storey entrance welcomes residents and visitors alike with a more domestic scale, allowing for an intimate and cosy space inside the cafe, filled with light through tall glazing and sky lights. It also provides space for a green roof which is visible from the library space. It is of key importance to create these green views wherever possible as they prove extremely beneficial for people living with dementia. The glulam beams and CLT panelling also allows for a tactile and natural materiality throughout the building, creating a warm and visually pleasing aesthetic. The ground and first floor are connected via a mezzanine level which allows light into the ground floor, as well a visual and audible connection between guests and residents, allowing for an informal and safe connection to the public, which is essential for the residents living with dementia. Incorporating the mezzanine in the section would have lost other necessary information needed for the drawing.

7 3b

6 5

6b 6c

Foundation to Floor 1a Underpinned concrete foundations Waterproof membrane Insulation 120mm Breather membrane 1b Silver-fir floor panel 10mm Screed with underfloor heating 65mm Vapour control layer Rigid floor insulation 100mm Damp proof membrane Concrete floor slab 200m

Outdoor Path Textured paving 32mm Drainage aggregate Permeable base aggregate

Windows 3a Laminated safety glass 12mm Cavity 12mm Laminated safety glass 12mm Cavity 12mm Laminated safety glass 12mm 3b Laminated safety glass 12mm Cavity 12mm Laminated safety glass 12mm Cavity 12mm Laminated safety glass 12mm

Wall Larch timber cladding 20mmx120mm Horizontal battens 38mmx38mm Vertical battens 38mmx38mm + cavity Breather membrane Rigid foam-board insulation 120mm Breather membrane CLT panel 120mm

Intermediate Floor Three layer spruce floating floor panel 20mm Grooved insulation with underfloor heating 25mm Fermacell 50mm Resilient acoustic layer 10mm CLT structural floor 120mm Service cavity 60mm Acoustic mineral wool insulation 60mm Timber floor joist 120x40mm Fire protection plasterboard 12mm

Green Roof 6a Light vegetation Growing medium 80mm Filter fleece Drainage element, water reservoir and root barrier 40mm Retention trim Waterproof membrane 6b Smooth gravel channel

Roof

Damp Proof Membrane

Zinc standing seam Structured separated membrane Structural underlay 15mm Damp proof membrane Insulation 120mm Vapour control layer CLT roof panel Service cavity 60mm Insulation 60mm Timber joist 120x40mm Fire protection plasterboard 12mm

Breather Membrane

Vapour Control Layer

6b Black anodised aluminium coping Waterproof membrane Insulation 50mm

Section 7 Responding To Site Context

7.3 Construction + Sequencing

This section outlines the construction sequencing for the project, displaying the order of progression and the effects of the site and locality on the delivery and building process.

7.1 Construction + Sequencing 1

As the site is currently clear to the south, deliveries and storage can be placed there. This is important as blocking off Brighton Grove for long periods of time would be a traffic issue, and attempts should be made to limit disturbance to the Campus access road, although other routes through the Campus are available. Construction on site should be limited to the hours of 9am - 5:30pm in order to minimise the disruption to neighbouring residents. 1

Primary Structure

Secondary Structure

Tertiary Structure 1. of existing building to sites north, and barrier to east and south. Bricks reused as cladding in certain areas.

2. Excavation: Excavation of approximately 2m ready for concrete foundations to be poured

6. Remaining Timber Frame: Other timber portals are erected, alongside roof and first floor timber bracing

7. CLT Walls and Floor: CLT wall panels are installed to the timber frame, and floor panels to the timber bracing

8. CLT Roof Panels: CLT roof panels are also installed following the walls, between the timber frames.

3. Cabling: Excavation of approximately 2m in central courtyard to house the horizontal ground source heat pump. Other necessary cabling is laid

4. Concrete: Concrete foundations are laid and concrete cores are cast in situ.

5. Glulam Frames: The bigger glulam frames are first to go up. Brighton grove or the service roads can be used for delivery.

9. Glazing + Cladding: Roof lights, windows and the glazing curtain wall are fitted, alongside timber cladding and standing seam roof

11. Final Landscaping: Conclusion of landscaping to gardens, allotment and public front. The building now sits in context showing the new routes through the Campus and towards this community hub as well as the dementia village massing to the south

Sectig SYNTHESIS Dementia Section 8 Final Building Form 8.1 Building In Context

The Synthesis section of the project involves situating the building in its most up to date form in the surrounding context, through orthographic drawings, and more artistic renderings and 3D visuals.

Section 8 Final Building Form 8.1 Building In Context

The following section explores the building through a more technical aspect. The plans and sections give a sense of space in the orthogonal, architectural style, highlighting the scale of the project in comparison to the surrounding residential buildings, as well as the dementia village massing proposal to the south.

The later ‘Day In The Life’ section takes the reader on a more visual journey through the building, exploring a more personal scale, as well as the tactility and materiality of the project.

6 4 5 1

New Public Route

Dementia Village

New Park

Drop-off

Allotments

Car Park

Ambulance Drop-off

Deliveries/Extra Parking

Campus for Ageing + Vitality

100m

Section 8 Final Building Form

8.1 Building In Context

8.2 Building Plans

The purpose of the scheme as a whole was to create an inviting place for the public to engage with, in order that the residents of the new building could have some community involvement. Here you can see the entrance to the new building opening up to Brighton Grove, and the residential areas beyond, inviting the public in. The allotments and dementia village create routes through the site that are more inviting and domestic in scale, all leading to the new green space that continues the pedestrian friendly route down Westgate Road. The building itself does not seem out of place as it matches the surrounding hight and scale of the surrounding buildings. However the wealth of trees and green space, and the large glazed areas create an interesting place that people will want to access and explore.

Cluster Garden

1.Veranda/Balcony 2. Entrance 3. Wandering Path 4. Grass Patch 5. Garden Feature 6. Protected Boundary

Main Courtyard

Figure 9 Sun path diagram (Gaisma, 2021)

7. Cluster Dining + Social Area 8. Gardening Patch 9. Sensory Garden 10. Activity Green 11. Outdoor Seating 12. Balcony

Figure 10 Windrose (Meteoblue, 2021))

Delivery Area

13. Entrance 14. Bin Storage 15. Small Parking 416 Ramp/Stairs

1 7

B 9 7

4 2

3 6

1 4

Roofscape 62

20m

Section 8 Final Building Form

8.2 Building Plans v

8.2 Building Plans Community Area

35 33

36 37

31 24

28 25

29 17

20 19

10 13

15 10

2 1

Ground Floor 64

22 11

20m

Nursing Area

12. Clinic Waiting Room 13. Clinic 14. Treatment 15. Quiet Room 16. Circulation

9 16

14 13

7 12

Activity Area

17. WC 18. Multi-use activity space 19. Storage 20. Balcony 21. Circulation 22. Sensory/Visual Garden

6 4

10 9

Staff Area

23. Plant 24. Circulation 25. Workspace 26. Meeting Room

9 4

3 2

30. Plant 31. Circulation 32. Changing/WC 33. Staff Kitchen 34. Breakout Space 35. Utilities Laundry + Storage 36. Main Kitchen 37. Food Storage 38. Deliveries

20 17

Staff Area

C 6

24. WC 25. Multi-use activity space 26. Storage 27. Local shop 28. Circulation 29. Sensory/Visual Garden

3 15

Activity Area

18. Clinic Waiting Room 19. Clinic 20. Treatment 21. Quiet Room 22. Ambulance Drop-off 23. Circulation

11 14

4. Circulation 5. Kitchenette 6. Dining 7. Living Space 8. TV Room 9. Living Pod 10. Storage 11. Accessibe WC

Nursing Area

Residential Area

10. Circulation 11. Kitchenette 12. Dining 13. Living Space 14. TV Room 15. Living Pod 16. Storage 17. Accessibe WC

1. Library 2. WC 3. Green Roof

Residential Area

Community Area

1. Entrance 2. Cafe 3. Cafe Kitchen 4. WC 5. Community Learning Space 6. Stroage + Plant Room 7. Recption 8. Waiting Room 9. Games room

First Floor

20m

Section 8 Final Building Form 8.3 Building Section AA

Service Road

Playground

Allotments

Main Entrance

Pod Cluster

Community Space

Drop-off

Brighton Grove Rd

25m

Section 8 Final Building Form 8.3 Building Section BB

Ambulance drop-off

Treatment Room

Quiet Room

Sensory Garden

Activity Green

Balcony

Living Space

Pods

Cluster Garden

Brighton Grove Rd

25m

Section 8 Final Building Form 8.3 Building Section CC C

Utility

Shop

Activity Spaces

Balcony

Courtyard

Living Spaces

Pods

Pod Balcony

Section 9 A Day In The Life 9.1 Introduction

A Day In The Life Timeline Representing the Experience of the Residents and Guests At the Brighton Grove Dementia Care + Community Centre This Day In The Life section is set to take the reader on a visual journey through the building, following a timeline of what might be a typical day at the Brighton Grove Dementia Care + Community Centre. Plans with a material overlay are provided as a visual aid for movement across the buildings main functional areas. They display where a user might be at a certain time of day, and how they may use each section of the building. Perspective drawings are included in order to display the projects atmosphere, showing the building at much more personal scale.Taking views from the users eye level and using photoshop to create renders helps to explore a level of the tactility and materiality throughout the different areas of the scheme.

Section 9 A Day In The Life

9.2 A Residents Morning

9.2 A Residents Morning The Morning Routine 7:00 am Residents sleep in private, south facing pods allowing for natural light to fill the rooms in the mornings. En suites and storage are visible from the beds, triggering memory cues needed to use the toilet and get dressed, unassisted by staff 7:30 am Residents have access to a private veranda or balcony. These are great spaces to sit outdoors, with shelter if needs be. Flower beds ans access to the south facing garden allow for interaction with nature 8:00 am Residents begin to wander through to the communal space. An open plan social are connects to the corridor for easy circulation. Each space is separated by screens to allow for visual access to staff, but a level of privacy for residents 9:00 am Breakfast is served by staff on certain days, however a small kitchenette is available to residents. This allows for certain foods and drinks to be prepared by residents.This space is contained however a glass panel allows for it to be connected visually to the dining space 10:00 am A TV room is provided which is closed off from the open plan communal space. However some residents may prefer to take to the outdoors and join in with any number of activities being put on by staff or guests

Open Communal Space 74

Section 9 A Day In The Life

9.2 A Residents Morning

9.2 A Residents Morning Connecting To Nature 10:00 am

There are plenty of spaces for the resident to engage with nature. This can be individually, or socially. After breakfast together one may sit in the sensory garden for a while, to take in the sights and smells of the various plants and green walls.

10:30 am

After a while another resident may walk by. A little group might form and they all take a walk around the garden circuit 2

11:00 am After a short walk a game organised by the staff starts on the activity green. Some residents may choose to sit and watch, which is just as beneficial for social engagement

11:30 am

Residents are reminded of guests visiting and begin to sake their way to the community space

Balcony

Games Green

Green Wall

Sensory Garden

Gardening Plot

Outdoor Cluster Space

Central Courtyard

Section 9 A Day In The Life 9.3 Integrating The Community

Interacting With The Community 11:00 am By 11:00 am the cafe begins to fill for lunch. Some guests may have stopped by for a drink before work, but now we begin to see the lunch break rush. 12:00 pm As this is an accessible place to the residents too, if they have family or friends visiting they may take a joint excursion to the cafe. This is great for residents as it is an informal, safe space, yet interaction with the public gives freedom and independence. 13:00 pm If family are visiting for the day they may then make their way towards the library. Accessible through the reception this space spreads over two floors. It has a pool table, book shelves and plenty of seating spaces. It is important to remember that these spaces are built for families of all ages, as well as the long term residents. 14:00 pm A local school may have decided to visit for the afternoon. They have come to use the available community learning space. Here they’re taught by local experts on gardening skills and how to maintain an allotment 15:00 pm After a lesson inside they are let loose into the enclosed allotment space. Kids may be gardening alongside residents here as lesson are available to all who choose to use them

Community Learning Space leading out to the Allotments

Section 9 A Day In The Life 9.3 Integrating The Community

The Allotments in use 80

Section 9 A Day In The Life 9.3 Integrating The Community

Community Library 81

Section 9 A Day In The Life

9.4 Afternoon Activities

9.4 Afternoon Activities Evening Activities 16:00 pm Once the days main activities are done some residents may wander north to the small shops. Here they can collect milk or snacks for the following days lunch. Or they may travel there in the morning to pick up the paper 17:00 pm Most guest will have left the cafe by now, and activities in the allotments will be slowing down. However family and friends may have been invited to stay for dinner. 18:00 pm On a sunny evening the social balcony may be where some residents have a drink and play games with their guests 19:00 pm However the day is far from over. Just downstairs a film might be about to start, or maybe the weekly bingo tournament. The open community space can hold a number of activities for the residents and their guests to participate in 20:30 pm The excitement is over for today and residents make their way back to the cluster for some downtime. TV in the lounge or straight to bed, the choice is their own. Each resident also has space for a guest to stay the night.

Activities towards the north of the site 82

APPENDIX Section Dementia Section 10 Illustrated Bibliography

The Illustrated Bibliography is an opportunity to visually explore the practices and processes I have used throughout the progression of this years work. By re-looking at what I have done this year I can critically review my work flow and process. House of Memories was a brilliant studio to be a part of. Being set the challenge of designing for people living with the disease dementia our studio needed to research a lot in order to understand how to incorporate dementia friendly design into the scheme. This was an interesting task as it meant starting on the back foot. The design we have been used to is boundless. Designing for those without this disease often means limited restrictions, however with this project the restrictions are its essence. And as I personally do not know what it is like to live with dementia it became important to first understand life from the perspective of someone who does. Therefore if I have learnt any valuable skills, one would certainly be research. As the design process began I found myself using digital methods over analogue. I sketched much more often in Sketchup and Illustrator than I did on paper because it looked cleaner. Also because without a scanner I was reluctant to do work that might not hold up in the portfolio. Only later did I force myself out of that habit and begin sketching more regularly. The work to the right is the process from the initial programme idea, a simple massing experiment, and a more detailed plan sketch on trace. This process is something I then followed for each iteration of design. Alongside the sketchup models and digital drawings that accompanied these sketches, this process allowed for each iteration to be explored at various scales and with good detail, informing clearly what changes needed to be made Left: Initial Programming + Massing Sketches Right: First Plan Drawings 84

Section 10 Illustrated Bibliography

Exploring the building form and function through sections gave another dimension to the iterative process. It was a particularly important for the building not to outgrow the existing surroundings, and by taking the programming and massing from the previous page into a sectional view I could compare the building to its surroundings. In terms of designing for someone with dementia our research showed that keeping a familiar, domestic scale was key, and this helped to picture that scale. Sectional drawings also helped with seeing how the building interacted with its surrounding environment. Simple sections allowed for sun angles to be drawn and help inform the position of solar panels, and also allowed me to consider how the building would overshadow and affect the surrounding residential buildings.

The visualisation of a scheme is a key part of tying together all of the ideas throughout the project into a set of drawings that capture the readers attention, and give a sense of the building in reality. Throughout the design process I very much focussed on an orthographic, line style of drawing, and had to push myself to do anything that was artistic. However I found it was a really enjoyable process creating the sketches, and the Day In The Life section. This is definitely something I wish I had more time to work on. My initial drawings from Section 2 Designing The Pod were very line focused, and although they were clean, they did not show enough character of the space. As the project progressed the style became more of a collage, and although it was messier, it gave more of a sense of place to the image.

Staff areas to the back lowered to allow more light to resident

Veranda + balcony allow for private garden spaces

Staff + Residents can use the balcony during the day

The final rendering style was simple a texture overlay onto a Sketchup model. Although not the most realistic rendering style, it was a very much make -do-and-mend which I believe with some more refining is a decent way to visually represent the scheme, its materiality, and the interactions between people and their surroundings.

Majority of outdoor space facing the south for maximum sunlight

Central courtyard for activities + healing 58.5

Internal circuit gives multiple access points to courtyard

Central Courtyard

Cluster Garden

Allotments

Top: Initial Parti Section Middle: Developed Parti Section + Use Diagram Bottom: Final Perspective Section 86

Left: Pod Perspectie Plan Top: Early Stage Sketches of Public Spaces Bottom: Final Perspective of Public Allotments 87

Section 11 Illustrated Cultural Bibliography

Section 11 Illustrated Bibliography

Due to the restrictions which have been brought upon us due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been forced into a new kind of learning. This has involved a lot of new technology, as well as a heavier reliance on digital methods of working, as previously mentioned. We spent approximately 5 hours 5 minutes and 12 seconds on zoom lessons with professionals from multiple fields in order to have research from a high level of expertise to inform our project. We also spent 7 hours 4 minutes and 47 seconds on zoom learning how to use environmental simulation technology. Envimet is a technology used to simulate the environment based on real world results, against a 3D model. Velux tests how 3D models interact with light. Using the power of these simulations has allowed or our studio’s projects to follow a logical iterative process. I believe working as a studio online has detracted from the social aspect of the course, but realistically sharing and showing work to other students, and having quick tutorials at a moments notice has aided with productivity and collaboration in a sense. It seems easier to get a hold of guest lecturers when the element of long distance travel is eliminated. And personally for me, if ever I needed to move home I would not be missing any tech or collaboration.

Envimet

Velux

Left: Zoom Learning Collage Right: Semester 1 Framing Review Board 88

Miro Left: Semester 2 Technical Review Board Right: Semester 2 Synthesis Review Board 89

Section 12 Group Case Study

INT 1

THE MAGGIE'S CENTRES NEWCASTLE

Section 4: Background and Theorectical position p.26-29 Owen Thomas

Section 5: How does it relate to Dementia Facilities p.32-35 Megan Raw

Bil 90

Section 2: Testing through simulations p. 14-17 Nigel Wong Tsz Fung

Section 3: Climate p. 20-23 Molly Robinson

4 Max | Nigel | Molly | Owen | Megan

Introduction p. 4-5

Section 1: Link between the case study and Studio Specific Criteria p. 8-11 Max Wu

THEMATIC CASE STUDY

Content Page

Bibliography + List of Figures p.38-40

Introductions: Owen Thomas

Maggie’s Centre Newcastle

Introductions: Owen Thomas

Introduction

Location

Building Profile

Building Brief

Disclaimer

Freeman Hospital Melville Grov Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7NU

Area: 300 m² Year: 2013 Architects: Cullinan Studio Landscape Architect: Sarah Price Landscapes Lighting: Speirs + Major

The Maggie’s trust contacted Cullinan Studio to work on their 12th cancer care centre, located in Newcastle. The centres are always located in proximity with a hospital facility and aim to provide a learning and community space separate from the hospital.

It is important to remember that for our studio we are designing a dementia facility. Maggie’s Centres are not for dementia, they are specifically for cancer care. They also do not include accommodation and are primarily places for community and learning.

The aim of each centre is to produce an environment that utilises materials, light and nature to bring people together and improve their quality of life. They are built to challenge the pre-conceived ideas of care facilities and hospitals and incorporate beautiful and unique architectural features.

However what we learn from the Maggie’s Centres is important and relevant. They rely on designing around natural light, natural materials, green views and accessible gardens, whilst also challenging the institutional nature of care centre facilities. All are important aspects to consider when understanding dementia friendly design. 93

Section 1: Max Wu

Section 1: Link between the case study and Studio Specific Criteria. Design Concept

Location C an cer P atien ts

H o m e ly S o cia l S p a ce A tm o sp h e re

N u rtu rin g

The maggie's Centres

There are 19 centres currently in the UK, all built in the grounds of NHS cancer hospitals, as well as one in Hong Kong, with seven new facilities in the process of construction. All provide free practical, social and emotional support to patients with cancer, as well as to their family and friends.

Homely

D em en tia P atien ts

H ope

Figure 1

The organisation Maggie's Centres is named after Maggie Keswick Jencks. Jencks was a writer, artist and garden designer who lived with advanced cancer for two years, during which she used her experience to create a blueprint for a new type of care. The result is Maggie's Centres which are built around her belief that “people should not lose the joy of living in the fear of dying.” She believed buildings have the ability to uplift people, and co-founded the project before she died in 1995. (Wikipedia)

C are C o m fo rt D aylig h t W elco m e N atu re W arm

Maggie’s cancer care centres offer social, emotional and practical support to people with cancer, their friends and families.

Figure 5

The requirements between patients Figure 3 Figure 4 Maggie's Newcastle, Freeman Hospital, Melville Grove, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7NU

Although cancer patients and dementia patients are two different groups of people, the design concepts based on these two different diseases are partly similar. For sick patients, there is nothing more important than hope and comfort. Therefore, it is very important to design a friendly community for patients, rather than stressful and rigid traditional medical facilities.

Healthy The centre is set amidst banked wild flower gardens at ground level, with two additional roof gardens on top.

Services provided

Figure 6

C a n ce r S u p p o rt

Get free one-to-one help and information from our professional team or join groups and activities that are right for you.

Figure 2 The maggie's Centres Newcastle

A ca lm in g sp a ce

Come in for a cup of tea, meet people who understand what you're going through or just take a moment to gather your thoughts.

H o sp ita l a u xilia ry se rvice s

We're the ones with an unusual roof opposite the Northen Centre for Cancer Care.

According to Dr Ellen Fisher, vice president of academic affairs and dean of the New York School of Interior Design, who was quoted in an article on cancer.net: ”an environment designed using the principles of evidence-based design can improve the patient experience and enable patients to heal faster, and better."

Eco-Friendly

"Design elements such as a comfortable place for the family in the patient’s room, a sink in the room, control over lighting, temperature, and air flow, all assist in healing," she added. "The design of the physical environment also has a substantial impact on the caregivers through creating more efficient and productive work areas, better support in the patient rooms, and the proper design of settings to mitigate medical error.”

C le a n En e rg y

Maggie’s Newcastle creates a south facing courtyard which maximises passive solar heating,The roof is formed to collect sunlight and transform it into energy.

Figure 7

MAX WU

Section 1: Max Wu

Social space

Daylight

Garden P u b lic K itch en

Section 1: Max Wu

Eco friendly N

N M e e tin g Room

Roof Garden

S o lar p an e l

Lib rary

En tran ce

M e e tin g Room

M eetin g Room

Maggie's Newcastle designed all public spaces in a southfacing direction, and they are well connected with the outdoor garden.

Material

Seasonally Garden Planted banks

Planted banks

Figure 11 The scheme is built on the premise that a relationship with the natural environment is crucial. Grassy banks planted with flowering perennials transform the difficult car park site and slope around the centre on all sides. These banks provide shelter to the south-facing courtyard, creating a warm haven.

S u n p ath

Figure 16 The roof not only accommodates two open-air garden spaces, but also a number of photovoltaic panels, which generate a proportion of the centre’s power and make the building very low-energy. Low energy design informed the very first moves of this Maggie’s centre.

The plan shape was designed like L-shaped with square column located at the corner of the L shape. The entrance of the house is in the centered column and the first will be notice is the oval angled roof covered with solar panels. These angled roof allows more neutral light to get inside the building. The interior of the centre is designed to feel welcoming. "It is unlike a clinical environment, " says David Wallace. "It feels very domestic"

Figure 8. Wood

Figure 9. Clay tiles Figure 10 The building radically transforms the hospital site. Materials are chosen to be warm and tactile (timber and clay tiles), and calm (concrete), relaxing and at the same time its eco-friendly.

Figure 12. Roof Garden

Figure 13. Seasonally Garden

Figure 17 & 18 Maggie’s Newcastle creates a south facing courtyard which maximises passive solar heating, with heavily insulated north walls and roof, and an exposed structural frame that stores heat-energy put into the building. The roof is formed to collect sunlight and transform it into energy. At first the architect didn’t want to use these panels, but then he use it to integral with architecture and make the building genuinely eco-friendly .

The roof garden is furnished with a bowling green and fixed exercise equipment for those feeling energetic. It is surrounded by an elegant clipped beech hedge which provides some privacy and changes colour with the seasons from green in summer, to golden brown in winter, chiming with the corten steel cladding around the roof perimeter. Figure 14 &15 Interior light

Section 2: Nigel Wong Tsz Fung

Section 2: Testing through Simulation

Section 2: Nigel Wong Tsz Fung

Canopy and shading The roof provides shading to prevent excessive glare. The height difference in glazing for different spaces ensure a different atmosphere and informs a different use. *Large glazing brings in excessive amount of lighting, the dramatic experience might agitate dementia patients

Time and Sun The building’s arrangement toward the south means the Sun’s path across the sky during the day clearly leaves its mark on the spaces and users inside. Each glazed surface receive direct sunlight during a different time of the day. *The use of sun to indicate time and function on the building connects it back to its fundamental context

Sun path - Massing - Function - Daylight Wind - Vegetation - Shelter

Spatial Sequence On plan, the intended spatial sequence of the architect is clear. The Sun direcs users across the building throuhgout the day, and reconnects the inside and outside through amplifying the changes of daylight through out the day *Ability to overlook courtyard and peer into a different space is benefitial for staff spaces where they can keep an eye without being intrusive.

Light and vision: Atmospheric sketch expressing the effect of dramatic lighting on dementia patients

Section 2: Nigel Wong Tsz Fung

Section 2: Nigel Wong Tsz Fung/ Simulation completed by Molly Robinson

Environmental analysis

June: Sunny 9am - 12pm - 16pm - 18pm

Jan 9am windspeed

Jan 9am Radiant temperature

Case study site vs Design site

December: Sunny 9am - 12pm - 14pm

Velux Daylight simulation

The generous common room space is a delight and clearly forms the central core of the building mass. However this level of glazing from one side of the building could have unintended effects on dementia patient. 1. Excess amount of sun light could agitate dementia patients 2. Dramatic shadow casted on floors and wall may confuse dementia patients 3. Sudden change in daylight level due to light coming in from one side of the building may exacebrate ‘sundowning’ effect

Jan 12pm windspeed

100

Jan 12pm Radiant temperature

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Section 3: Molly Robinson

Section 3: Climate

1 Wind Stepping Effect Continuously rising objects/building heights divert wind over the top of the courtyard, meaning that it is more sheltered.

Section 3: Molly Robinson

2 Shading

5 Shape and Orientation The building responds to the forces of sun and time. Its L shape orientation and angled roof ensures daylight can enter the building.

The building sites within landscaped banks under a planted roof which helps to shelter the entrances and courtyard from windy conditions as well as maximises passive solar heating.

The roof incorporates solar panels and its angle ensures that maximum sunlight will hit the panels and transform it into energy.

1 2

3 6

3 Natural Ventilation Cross ventilation occurs when there is pressure differences from one side of the building and other, in this case the wind comes in from the south west and brought out on the lower pressured sides. Is is effective for this building as it is narrow.

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4 Evaporation on Green Plants regulate their temperature by controlling the amount of water evaporating from their leaves. The effects cool down the ambient air.

6 Thermal Massing The building has concrete walls, roof and floor. Concrete is a good material for high thermal mass as it absorb unwanted heat during the day and then release it at night with the help of ventilation from night air. This means that the there is little fluctuations in temperature.

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Section 3: Molly Robinson

Green Roof and Thermal Insulation

Section 3: Molly Robinson

What more can be done?

Climate change

Diagram demonstrating the global rising temperature between 1850-2019

Benefits of a Green Roof Convection heat transfer with ambient air

Mass heat transfer (evaporation)

Climate Change in the UK RAINIER WINTERS

Green roofs are a system that greatly improves the function of conventional insulation material, reducing demands for heating whilst maintaining a constant and comfortable temperature throughout the seasons. The vegetation layer creates a passive layer of air immediately above the roof surface. Without a green roof, wind (hot or cold)blows across the roof surface to either heat or chill it through the process of convection.

Rain falls onto roof, any falling on the slanted roof falls onto flat roof.

Rainwater is filtered as it leaves the roof and is distributed to tanks in bathrooms.

When harvested rainwater is used up, the tank reverts back to mains water.

Solar radiation heat addition

L CO ER

AR W

Reflected solar radiation

The vegetation means that 1) heating or cooling equipment does not have to respond to the ‘peak’ loads at mid-day or mid-night, and 2) the overall heat transferred through the roof is reduced.

Long-wave radiation heat transfer to sky/ atmosphere

Head absorbed or released by high mass layers

Heat generated indoors by bodies, lights etc.

Conduction heat transfer through roof system

LD CO

RM WA

The benefits associated with shading, reduction in wind-related losses, and are the most important. For this reason, it is impossible to regard green roofs as equivalent to conventional insulation materials. It is much more useful to think of green roofs as systems that greatly improve the function of conventional insulation materials.

The rainwater is used to flush toilets.

Maggie Centres and Climate change

HOTTER SUMMERS

Maggie Centres such as Ted Cullinan’s in Newcastle, are generally environmentally conscious buildings which fit into their surrounding areas but there are many other things which could be implemented into their designs to make the buildings more environmentally friendly. Dementia care facilities can learn lots from Maggie centres and the environmentally conscious decisions they make with their designs, yet it can be acknowledged that unlike Maggie Centres which have a lot of funding Dementia Facilities are generally NHS buildings with smaller budgets so it would be difficult, but even aspects like green roofs and water systems into roofing.

Similar to the rest of the UK, climate change will affect Newcastle’s weather, by making it warmer and wetter. But it will be affected more prominently by the increase of rain and certain areas will be more prone to flooding.

Section Three: Environment

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Section 4: Owen Thomas

Section 4: Background and Theoretical Position

Maggie and Charles Jenks

Section 4: Owen Thomas

Multiple Entrances

A Get-away In a Car Park

When visiting a Maggie’s centre the idea is that people are able to easily connect with nature. Therefore as many rooms as possible should have the ability to access the outdoors.

Maggie’s Centres aim to be buildings that inspire support between users, and provide uplifting and comfortable environments.

Cullinan Studio

Maggie and Charles Jenks were the founding couple of the Maggie’s Centre initiative. The pair were writers, designers and landscape architects.

Edward Horder Cullinan was an English architect, who set up his practice in 1965 in Islington. His practice has always aimed to incorporate sustainability into the buildings they design, and as a result they tend to be “long life, low energy”.

When Maggie was diagnosed with cancer in 1988 the two spent time reflecting upon the hospital environment they were in. The facility was dark and institutional, with long windowless corridors and dull materials, the type of environment one would associate with hospital and care facilities. They decided they needed to use their skills and experience to create a more positive and helpful environment for people in their position.

They believe our cities are undergoing rapid changes. More than three-quarters of the world’s population now live in urban areas and our relationship with the natural world is becoming increasingly out of balance. They believe this impact on public health, human creativity and social equality is overwhelming. At Cullinan Studio, they believe the natural world has the capacity to meet our needs and enrich our lives. And by restoring the connection between people and nature both will thrive.

What are Maggie’s Centres? The idea for Maggie’s Centres was born out of the Jenk’s personal struggle with cancer. Every Maggie’s is thoughtfully designed to be calming and welcoming. They are places free from the institutional nature we associate with health care, and offer individual and unique interpretations of what these environments could look like. Each architect who is invited to work on a centre is given the same brief, with the freedom to create the space in the way they best see fit, resulting in fascinating differences in architectural style and flair, yet always a welcoming home-away-from-home. The first Maggie’s Centre for cancer care was finished in 1996, located in Edinburgh. Today there are currently 30 world wide, with the majority in the UK. The aim is to have a Maggie’s connected to every major hospital in the country.

Heart of the Home? Maggie’s usually aim to have the kitchen as the first point of contact upon entry. This particular building opens into a common library area, however there is a visual connection to the kitchen, which may make the space feel safer.

Practice Ethos 1. Health giving buildings - Use natural materials, daylight, fresh air and access to nature to make us all healthier, happier and more productive 2. Design for circular economy - Do not throw away what we have built as though it is rubbish, and design new buildings for the long term that will not become tomorrow’s rubbish 3. Promote ‘mixed-up’ cities - Bring the natural world to everyone’s doorstep to foster engaged, socially diverse communities. Design cities that can help feed themselves 4. Re-imagine our streets - The changes promised by a mobility revolution create an opportunity for us to design streets that include nature, weaving a natural grid for the city

“We work with some of the best architects in the world to design our centres because we know that light, colour and a connection to nature can help people to feel better”

Un-institutional

Remove Stigma Welcoming

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Learning

Connect to Nature Open

Healing Companionship

Joyful

Homely

Private and Social Spaces Finding the balance between social and private spaces is key when aiming to accommodate all types of people.

“Natural materials, daylight, fresh air and access to nature to make us all healthier, happier and more productive” A View of Green From Every Room

Positive

The challenge for this particular design was to create such a space in the middle of a hospital car park.

Continuing the theme of connection to nature, every room should have a visual point of access to some green. In this building only the office area does not, instead overlooking the car park. This may be necessary, however if possible connection from every point should be attempted.

Maggie’s. (2020). Accessed 16 Dec 2020. Available at: https://www.maggies.org/

Different Green Uses

Low Energy

Community

Keep Up With Change Daylight

Natural Materials

Urban Architecture No Waste Balance

Cullinan Studio. (2020). About Us. https://www.cullinanstudio.com/about-us

Health

Insulating Hill

Vegetation

Grass

Fresh Air Connect to Nature

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Healing Gardens

Section 4: Owen Thomas

Healing gardens are of key importance to the Maggie’s Centre design, and can be carried over to dementia friendly design as well. Upon entering this centre visitors are welcomed into a central, double height library space (libraries are a feature of all Maggie’s Centres). From there the building splits into an L shape, on way leading to the kitchen, the other to communal activity area. From any of these room visual and physical access to a central courtyard, therapeutic garden is available. The south facing courtyard is enveloped by a grassy bank providing seating and shade. Carefully chosen plants change with the season and match the materiality of the building. A rooftop garden also provides an activity area with a bowling green and a small, fixed equipment exercise space.

Inclusive Materials The materiality of this building was chosen to be conducive of a calming and homely environment. This is another key feature in dementia friendly design.

Section 4: Owen Thomas

Reflecting and Harnessing Nature

Material Insulation

Cullinan Studio practices with the particular intent of connecting people with nature through architecture. With this in mind, the architecture itself should be meshed with nature and reflect it wherever possible. The buildings orientation, specific vegetation, and structural materials are all considered in order to reflect and harness the natural environment.

The walls facing north are heavily insulated, and an exposed concrete structural frame stored heat energy collected by the building.

Maggie’s Newcastle creates a south facing courtyard which maximises passive solar heating. The roof is angled to maximise expose to sunlight, and the photovoltaic panels covering this circular area of the roof provide natural energy to the building.

Warm and tactile materials such as timber and clay give a sense of nature trough the design, and the exposed concrete structure is cool and calming. This is a cohesive palette, however for dementia friendly design consideration of contrast between materials would need to be more carefully considered to avoid visual strain and to aid spatial perception.

Roof Insulation The green roof allows for a thick layer of grass and soil to act as a natural insulation directly above the ground floor rooms.

Natural Light When entering the building the visibility created by its open plan nature is striking. The double height library space allows for full height windows, and smaller pocket lights flood light in from the mezzanine level. The visual connection between spaces also allows for a sense of safety and connection between rooms, and improves the flow of movement. However for a dementia specific design more consideration would have to be done on how to regulate the amount and intensity of natural light able to enter the building.

Green Insulation The green hill envelopes the exterior of the northern perimeter of the building, also creating natural insulation, whilst also providing seating and shade around the perimeter of the courtyard.

A Safe and Enjoyable Environment Finally a safe and enjoyable environment is created by having visual connection between rooms, open and light spaces, and a green buffer between the building and the road. For a public building with both open and private rooms, retaining views to nature from each space allows for a sense of security in each room and avoids creating dark or claustrophobic rooms. Visual connection and exposure to natural light also helps with general good mood and well-being. The green buffer cuts the building off from the noise of the road/car park and creates a hub of tranquillity enveloped by nature.

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ArchDaily. (14 Aug 2013). Maggie’s Newcastle / Cullinan Studio. Accessed 16 Dec 2020. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinan-studio

North

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Section 5: How does it relate to dementia facilities? Environmental strategy : Maggie Centre Newcastle

The use of timber by both buildings is very envionmentally efficient: - regulates tempertature making it good for all weather - lots of insulation in North side - stores the heat from cold Nothern wind - more pleasant to be in - some dementia patients struggle to regulate body temperature

Section 5: Megan Raw

Maggie Centre Newcastle

Section 5: Megan Raw

Courtyards

Maggie Centre Newcastle

Green roof:

Newcastle’s Maggie centre has used a large south facing courtyard to maximise sunlight into the building, allowing passive solar heating making the building more environmentally friendly. The North facades are built into the landscape and have heavily insulated walls, meaning the building isn’t as affected by the southwest winds.

Figure 1 & 2: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

Meadow View specialist dementia residential care centre Matlock, Enlgand Figure 3: Meadow View Figure 8: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

The green roof used on the Maggie centre in Newcastle is not only aesthetically beeneficial but also is great for the environment, further making this making sustainable with its use of renewables.

Both use very natural materials: Timber and concrete, and timber and sandstone - designed to be calm and tactile

Figure 4: Diagram showing envionmental analysis

Other dementia care homes do not have the same attention to their envionmental stratergies, with many precedents based in Newcastle having this brick cladding.

Orchard Mews - Newcastle

Sutherland Court - Newcastle

Figure 5: Orchard Mews, Newcastle

Figure 6: Sutherland Court, Newcastle

A simplier choice of materials has been used, with brick or brick cladding having a less envionmentally friendly strategy to that used in the Newcastle Maggie Centre. The use of brick however may benefit dementia patients as it may remind them of their homes, helping them to feel more comfortable. Overall, it seems this focus of using envionmetally friendly materials does not seem as important in current dementia facilties.

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Solar panels:

- The green roof reduces enery costs by absorbing heat and stopping it from escaping - It removes air particulates, absorbs carbon and produces oxygen, creating a naturally sutainable roof. - It also folds new plants and flowers that change through out the year and can be visited from the first floor, meaning it creates a space for the public to go and benefit from.

Figure 10: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

Figure 11: Floor plan showing courtyard and site

Although this design is good both for the evironment and for the patients who will experience a very light space, the lack of shading from the direct sunlight could possibly be an issue for dementia patients.Also, although the courtyard provides a nice area to sit and walk around, a more structured wandering pathway might be needed if it were a dementia facility.

De Hogeweyk De Hogeweyk uses a similar idea of the courtyard spaces, however it uses multiple spaces that allow the patients to have seperate ‘households’. The use of wandering spaces outside is very important for dementia patients, with a continous path very very beneficial. These courtyards offer some shading, which may be better for dementia patients as it will help the patients to to regulate their temperature better.

This idea is both practical and aesthetically beneficial, which could also help dementia patients to get outside more, aslong as there was a clear route to walk around it.

Figure 7: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

The Maggie centre uses these solar panels to tranform the suns energy into electricity, helping to make the building even more sustainable. The roof is slanted to maximise the amount of sun that it gets, facing the south side. This further shows their importance of creating a sustainable building for a maggie centre.

Figure 12: De Hogeweyk, Netherlands

Figure 13: Floor plan showing courtyard spaces

Figure 9: Diagram showing green roof structure

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Materiality Maggie Centre - Newcastle

Section 5: Megan Raw

Light Orchard Mews - Newcastle

Section 5: Megan Raw

Spatial Design Maggie Centre Newcastle

Maggie Centre Newcastle The importance of light in the Maggie Centre is clear, helping to create a calm and relaxing space. The architects have said that there is a huge importance of linking the indoors with the natural envionment, which these windows help to do. For a dementia home however, these windows may create too intense shadows, which could cofnuse the patients into thinking it is hole or something to walk over.

Andanchi Residence - Japan Private/public: The layout of the private and public spaces are quite mixed, providing a nice, community feel to the Maggie Centre. However, in a dementia facility this would casue issues, as the dementia patients may try to enter the private, staff spaces. Therefore, dementia facilities tend to seperate their pivate and public spaces and also hide and camauflage staff doors so dementia patients are less likely to try and enter them.

Figure 22: Andanchi Residence, Japan

Pathways:

Figure 18: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

Meadow View - Matlock

Figure 14 & 15: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

Internal Materiality: Very neautral colours are used which the architect has said was done to create a calming space. However, there is very little contrast between the different facades such as the floor and the wall, making it difficult to distinguish between the two. As Maggie Centres are places for cancer patients rather than dementia patients, the same importance to interior materials and colours is not as present. Dementia patients can often find it difficult to distingush between different colours and surfaces, which gives the materaility this importance. Despite this, cancer patients can also suffer from impared vision, so this design is not really suitable for this purpose either. It is clear in the materiality indoors, the aesthetics have been put above practicality and safety.

In the Maggie Centre, the public pathways were anyone can go in and around the building lead to some dead ends. Where this is okay for cancer patients, dementia patients however may get stuck at dead-ends and not know how to get back from there. This is also seen outside, with a large open space creating a nice space to wander whereever which is nice for the purpose of this builing, however dementia patients need structured spaces with pathways to help guide them along.

This design of the corridors in this dementia home creates a very negative space. The fact there are doors on both sides creates a double loaded corridor, which can make the space more confusing for dementia patients as they might get lost as to where they’re going and where they’re coming from. The dead end at the bottom of the corridor could also lead to patients being stuck, and so a better design of a more interactive and bending corridor would have been much more benefitical.

Figure 16 & 17: Orchard Mews, Newcastle

In this dementia centre in Newcastle, the importance of differing colours and materials are shown. The carpets and the walls are different colours, with a white skirting board which seperates the two surfaces making it easier for dementia patients to understand the space. Although this look is not as aesthetically pleasing, the benefits to the wellbeing and health of the patients is much greater, making this precedent a good example of showing how practicality over aesthetics is important in dementia care facilities.

This dementia facility further shows the importance of lighting for the patients, with the sky light adding light to what could be a dark space. The glass folding doors allow a lot of light to come in, whislt also making it easier for dementia patients to access the outdoors which is very beneficial for them. However, the sky lights may also create the same issue of intense, harsh shadowing. Figure 19 & 20, Meadow View, Matlock

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Bad design of corridors:

GROUND FLOOR

The Roker and Mowbray Dementia Care Unit - Sunderland

FIRST FLOOR Figure 21: Floor plans of Maggie Centre showing layout of spaces

This dementia facility shows a much better use of corridor design. It makes the corridors more interactive by having drawings and plants, and the doors being on only one side makes it much easier for dementia patients to find their way through the building. There is also a large map drawn on the walls, helping patients to find their way to their rooms through their old home locations. The corridors go in different directions, making them less intense and meaning there are no dead-ends for patients to get stuck at. Figure 23: The Eoker and Mowbray Dementia Unit, Sunderland

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Bibliography Bibliography Bibliography

Hanford, N. and Figueiro, M., 2013. Light Therapy and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 33(4), pp.913-922. Scie.org.uk. 2020. Lighting - Dementia-Friendly Environments - SCIE. [online] Available at: <https://www. scie.org.uk/dementia/supporting-people-with-dementia/dementia-friendly-environments/lighting.asp> [Accessed 17 December 2020].

[Max Wu]

[Molly Robinson]

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List of Figures

Figure 2,5,6,8,9,10,13,14,15.16,17,18 ArchDaily. 2020. Newcastle / CullinanStudio. Davis, C, (2015). Reasons Green Roofs Do A Building Good, NC Maggie’S State University. Accessed 8 December List 4of of Figures List Figures [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinan2020 <https://sustainability.ncsu.edu/blog/changeyourstate/4-reasonsstudio>[Accessed 17 December 2020]. [Max Wu] green-roofs-do-a-building-good/#:~:text=%20%20%201%20Unlike%20traditional%20black%20 [Max Wu] tar,slow%20stormwater%20runoff%20in%20urban%20environments.%20 [Max Wu] Figure 3. 1 2020. Maggie's Centres. [online]at:Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Google map [online] Available <https://www.google.com/maps/@55.0033041,More%20 Figure Figure 1 2020. Maggie's Centres. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Maggie%27s_Centres> [Accessed 17 December 2020]. 1.5892902,18.71z>[Accessed 17 December 2020]. Figure 1 2020. Maggie's Centres. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Maggie%27s_Centres> [Accessed [Accessed 17 17 December December 2020]. 2020]. Maggie%27s_Centres> Figure 4. 2,5,6,8,9,10,13,14,15.16,17,18 ArchDaily. 2020. Maggie’S Newcastle / CullinanStudio. Figure Digimap [online] Available at: <https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/roam/map/os>[Accessed 17 Figure 2,5,6,8,9,10,13,14,15.16,17,18 ArchDaily. 2020. Maggie’S Newcastle / CullinanStudio. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinanDecember 2020]. Figure 2,5,6,8,9,10,13,14,15.16,17,18 ArchDaily. 2020. Maggie’S Newcastle / CullinanStudio. [online] Available at: at: <https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinanstudio>[Accessed 17<https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinanDecember 2020]. [online] Available studio>[Accessed 17 December 2020]. Figure 7. lolwaalkuwari's Blog. 2020. Critical Analysis 2: Maggie’S Centre. [online] Available at: studio>[Accessed 17 December 2020]. Figure 3. Google map [online] Available at: <https://www.google.com/maps/@55.0033041,<https://lolwaalkuwariblog.wordpress.com/2015/05/28/critical-analysis-2-maggies-centre/> Figure 3. Google Google map [online]17 Available at: <https://www.google.com/maps/@55.0033041,<https://www.google.com/maps/@55.0033041,1.5892902,18.71z>[Accessed December 2020]. [Accessed 28 Maymap 2020]. Figure 3. [online] Available at: 1.5892902,18.71z>[Accessed 17 December 2020]. 1.5892902,18.71z>[Accessed 17 December 2020]. Figure 11,12 4. Digimap [online] Available at: centres: <https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/roam/map/os>[Accessed Figure Kallway, K. (2011).Maggie’s how one woman’s vision is changing cancer 17 Figure 4. Digimap [online] Available at: <https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/roam/map/os>[Accessed 17 December 2020]. treatment. Available: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/feb/20/maggie-keswick-jencksFigure 4. Digimap [online] Available at: <https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/roam/map/os>[Accessed 17 December 2020]. 2020]. centres-cancer-design. Last accessed 24th May 2015. December Figure 7. lolwaalkuwari's Blog. 2020. Critical Analysis 2: Maggie’S Centre. [online] Available at: Figure 7. lolwaalkuwari's lolwaalkuwari's Blog. Blog. 2020. 2020. Critical Critical Analysis Analysis 2: 2: Maggie’S Maggie’S Centre. Centre. [online] [online] Available Available at: at: <https://lolwaalkuwariblog.wordpress.com/2015/05/28/critical-analysis-2-maggies-centre/> Figure 7. [Nigel Wong] <https://lolwaalkuwariblog.wordpress.com/2015/05/28/critical-analysis-2-maggies-centre/> [Accessed 28 May 2020]. <https://lolwaalkuwariblog.wordpress.com/2015/05/28/critical-analysis-2-maggies-centre/> [Accessed 28 May May 2020]. 2020]. [Accessed 28 Figure 1. Composite image of satellite map, sun path and wind rose. Satellite map available at: [https:// Figure 11,12 Kallway, K. (2011).Maggie’s centres: how one woman’s vision is changing cancer www.google.co.uk/maps/@55.0020995,-1.5897016,16.09z] Accessed 8/12/2020. Sun path available at: Figure 11,12 Kallway, K. (2011).Maggie’s centres: how one woman’s vision is changing cancer treatment. Available: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/feb/20/maggie-keswick-jencksFigure 11,12 Kallway, K. (2011).Maggie’s centres: how one woman’sAccessed vision is changing cancer [http://archive.discoverdesign.org/discover/math/sun-path.html] 8/12/2020. Windrose available treatment. Available: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/feb/20/maggie-keswick-jenckshttp://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/feb/20/maggie-keswick-jenckscentres-cancer-design. Last accessed 24th May 2015. treatment. Available: at: [https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/newcastle-upon-tyne_ centres-cancer-design. Last Last accessed 24th 24th May May 2015. 2015. centres-cancer-design. united-kingdom_2641673] accessed Accessed 8/12/2020.

[Nigel Wong] [Nigel Wong] Figure 2.Wong] Plan overlayed with sun path. Plan available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s[Nigel

Figure 1. Composite imageAccessed of satellite9/12/2020. map, sun path and wind rose. Satellite map available at: [https:// newcastle-cullinan-studio] Figure 1. Composite image of satellite map, sun path path and and wind wind rose. Satellite Satellite mapSun available at: [https:// [https:// www.google.co.uk/maps/@55.0020995,-1.5897016,16.09z] Accessed 8/12/2020. path available at: Figure 1. Composite image of satellite map, sun rose. map available at: www.google.co.uk/maps/@55.0020995,-1.5897016,16.09z] Accessed 8/12/2020. Sun path path available at: [http://archive.discoverdesign.org/discover/math/sun-path.html] Accessed 8/12/2020. Windrose available Figure 3. View of southern courtyard. Available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-swww.google.co.uk/maps/@55.0020995,-1.5897016,16.09z] Accessed 8/12/2020. Sun available at: [http://archive.discoverdesign.org/discover/math/sun-path.html] Accessed 8/12/2020. Windrose available at: [https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/newcastle-upon-tyne_ newcastle-cullinan-studio] Accessed 9/12/2020. [http://archive.discoverdesign.org/discover/math/sun-path.html] Accessed 8/12/2020. Windrose available at: [https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/newcastle-upon-tyne_ united-kingdom_2641673] Accessed 8/12/2020. at: [https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/newcastle-upon-tyne_ united-kingdom_2641673] Accessed 8/12/2020. 8/12/2020. Figure 4. Aerial of southern Accessed courtyard. Available at: [https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@55.0020995,united-kingdom_2641673] Figure 2. Plan overlayed with sun path. 1.5897016,16.09z] Accessed 8/12/2020. Plan available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-sFigure 2. Plan Plan overlayed overlayed with with sun path. path. Plan available available at: at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s[https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-snewcastle-cullinan-studio] Accessed 9/12/2020. Figure 2. sun Plan newcastle-cullinan-studio] Accessed 9/12/2020. Figure 5. Ground floor planAccessed with own9/12/2020. sketch. Plan available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggienewcastle-cullinan-studio] Figure 3. View of southern courtyard. at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-ss-newcastle-cullinan-studio] AccessedAvailable 9/12/2020. Figure 3. View of southern courtyard. Available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-snewcastle-cullinan-studio] Accessed Available 9/12/2020. Figure 3. View of southern courtyard. at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-snewcastle-cullinan-studio] Accessed 9/12/2020. Figure 6. Light and vision. Own Sketch newcastle-cullinan-studio] Accessed 9/12/2020. Figure 4. Aerial of southern courtyard. Available at: [https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@55.0020995,Figure 4. Aerial of southern southern courtyard. Available at: at: [https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@55.0020995,[https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@55.0020995,1.5897016,16.09z] Accessed 8/12/2020. 7-13. Velux daylight simulation Figure 4. Aerial of courtyard. Available 1.5897016,16.09z] Accessed Accessed 8/12/2020. 8/12/2020. 1.5897016,16.09z] Figure 14. 5. Ground with ownarea. sketch. Plan available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggieFigure Internalfloor viewplan of common Available at [https://www.e-architect.com/images/jpgs/ Figure 5. Ground floor plan with own sketch. Plan available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggies-newcastle-cullinan-studio] Accessed 9/12/2020. Figure 5. Ground floor plan with own sketch. Plan available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggies-newcastle-cullinan-studio] Accessed Accessed 9/12/2020. 9/12/2020. s-newcastle-cullinan-studio] Figure 6. Light and vision. Own Sketch Figure 6. Light Light and and vision. vision. Own Own Sketch Sketch Figure 6. Figure 7-13. Velux daylight simulation Figure 7-13.Velux Velux daylight daylight simulation simulation Figure 7-13. Figure 14. Internal view of common area. Available at [https://www.e-architect.com/images/jpgs/ Figure 14. Internal Internal view view of of common common area. area. Available Available at at [https://www.e-architect.com/images/jpgs/ [https://www.e-architect.com/images/jpgs/ Figure 14.

Figure 5. Ground floor plan with own sketch. Plan available at: [https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggienewcastle/maggies-newcastle-s181113-j4.jpg] Accessed 9/12/2020 s-newcastle-cullinan-studio] Accessed 9/12/2020. Figure 6. 15-18. simulation Figure LightEnvimet and vision. Own Sketch Figure 7-13. 20-21.Velux Comparison case study site and project site. Map available at [https://www.google.co.uk/ Figure daylight of simulation maps/@55.0020995,-1.5897016,16.09z]. Accessed 10/12/2020 Figure 14. Internal view of common area. Available at [https://www.e-architect.com/images/jpgs/ newcastle/maggies-newcastle-s181113-j4.jpg] Accessed 9/12/2020 newcastle/maggies-newcastle-s181113-j4.jpg] Accessed 9/12/2020 9/12/2020 newcastle/maggies-newcastle-s181113-j4.jpg] Accessed Figure 15-18. Envimet simulation [Molly Robinson] Figure 15-18. 15-18. Envimet Envimet simulation simulation Figure Figure 20-21. Comparison of case study site and project [https://www.google.co.uk/ Hawkins, E. and &rarr;, V., 2020. Warming Stripes| Climatesite. Lab Map Book.available [online] at Climate-lab-book. Figure 20-21. Comparison of case study site and project site. Map available at [https://www.google.co.uk/ maps/@55.0020995,-1.5897016,16.09z]. Accessed 10/12/2020 ac.uk. Available at: <https://www.climate-lab-book.ac.uk/2018/warming-stripes/> [Accessed Figure 20-21. Comparison of case study site and project site. Map available at [https://www.google.co.uk/ maps/@55.0020995,-1.5897016,16.09z]. Accessed 10/12/2020 17December2020]. maps/@55.0020995,-1.5897016,16.09z]. Accessed 10/12/2020

[Owen Thomas] [Molly Robinson] [Molly Robinson] Robinson] [Molly Paul Raftery. ArchDaily. (142020. Aug Warming 2013). Maggie’s / Cullinan Studio. Climate-lab-book. Accessed 16 Dec Hawkins, E. and &rarr;, V., Stripes|Newcastle Climate Lab Book. [online]

2020. Hawkins, E. and and at: &rarr;, V., 2020. 2020.Warming Warming Stripes| Stripes| Climate Climate Lab Lab Book. Book. [online] [online] Climate-lab-book. Climate-lab-book. ac.uk.Available Available at:https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinan-studio <https://www.climate-lab-book.ac.uk/2018/warming-stripes/> [Accessed Hawkins, E. &rarr;, V., ac.uk. Available at: <https://www.climate-lab-book.ac.uk/2018/warming-stripes/> [Accessed 17December2020]. ac.uk. Available at: <https://www.climate-lab-book.ac.uk/2018/warming-stripes/> [Accessed Cullinan Studio. (2013). Maggies NewcastleAccessed on 16 Dec 2020. Availabe at: https://www. 17December2020]. 17December2020]. cullinanstudio.com/projectmaggies-newcastle

[Owen Thomas] [Owen Thomas] [Owen Thomas] [Megan Raw] Paul Raftery. ArchDaily. (14 Aug 2013). Maggie’s Newcastle / Cullinan Studio. Accessed 16 Dec

Paul Raftery. ArchDaily. (14 Aug Aug 2013). 2013). Maggie’s Maggie’s Newcastle Newcastle // Cullinan Cullinan Studio. Studio. Accessed Accessed 16 16 Dec Dec 2020. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinan-studio Paul Raftery. ArchDaily. (14 Figure 1, 2, 10, 14, 15, 18: Cullinan Studio, (2013). Maggie’s Centre, Newcastle, AJ Buildings 2020. Available Available at: at: https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinan-studio https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinan-studio 2020. Library Cullinan Studio. (2013). Maggies NewcastleAccessed on 16 Dec 2020. Availabe at: https://www. Cullinan Studio. (2013). (2013). Maggies NewcastleAccessed NewcastleAccessed on 16 16 Dec Dec 2020. 2020. Availabe at: at: https://www. https://www. cullinanstudio.com/projectmaggies-newcastle Cullinan Figure 4,Studio. 11, 21: AuthorsMaggies annotation over plans from:on Cullinan Studio, Availabe (2013). Maggie’s Centre, cullinanstudio.com/projectmaggies-newcastle cullinanstudio.com/projectmaggies-newcastle Newcastle, AJ Buildings Library

[Megan Raw]

Figure 5. 16,Raw] 17: Carehome.co.uk. (2020) Orchard Mews. [online] Available at: <https://www. [Megan [Megan Figure 1, 2,Raw] 10, 14, 15, 18: Cullinan Studio, (2013). Maggie’s Centre, Newcastle, AJ Buildings carehome.co.uk/carehome.cfm/searchazref/10004502ORCA> [Accessed 8 December Figure 1, 2, 10, 14, 15, 18: Cullinan Studio, (2013). Maggie’s Centre, Newcastle, AJ Buildings Library1, 2, 10, 14, 15, 18: Cullinan Studio, (2013). Maggie’s Centre, Newcastle, AJ Buildings 2020]. Figure Library Library Figure 6: 4, Carehome.co.uk. 11, 21: Authors annotation over plans from: Cullinan Studio, at: (2013). Maggie’s Centre, Figure (2020) Sutherland Court. [online] Available <https://www.carehome. Figure 4, 11, 21: Authors annotation over plans from: Cullinan Studio, (2013). Maggie’s Centre, Newcastle, Library co.uk/carehome.cfm/searchazref/71288> [Accessed December 2020]. Figure 4, 11,AJ 21:Buildings Authors annotation over plans from: 8Cullinan Studio, (2013). Maggie’s Centre, Newcastle, AJ AJ Buildings Buildings Library Library Newcastle, Figure 75.&16, 17: Carehome.co.uk. (2020)Google Orchard Mews. [online] Available <https://www. Figure 8: Earth.google.com. (2020). Earth. [online] Available at: at: <https://earth.google. Figure 5. 16, 17: Carehome.co.uk. (2020) Orchard Mews. [online] Available at: <https://www. carehome.co.uk/carehome.cfm/searchazref/10004502ORCA> [Accessed 8 December com/web/@54.97563599,-1.64298045,109.88839379a,849.99293571d,35y,10. Figure 5. 16, 17: Carehome.co.uk. (2020) Orchard Mews. [online] Available at: <https://www. carehome.co.uk/carehome.cfm/searchazref/10004502ORCA> [Accessed 88 December December 2020]. 96539979h,0t,0r> [Accessed 5 December 2020]. carehome.co.uk/carehome.cfm/searchazref/10004502ORCA> [Accessed 2020]. 2020]. Figure 9: 6: Authors Carehome.co.uk. (2020) Sutherland Court. [online] Available at: <https://www.carehome. Figure own Figure 6: Carehome.co.uk. (2020) Sutherland Court. [online] [online] Available at: <https://www.carehome. <https://www.carehome. co.uk/carehome.cfm/searchazref/71288> [Accessed 8 December 2020]. Figure 6: Carehome.co.uk. (2020) Sutherland Court. Available at: co.uk/carehome.cfm/searchazref/71288> [Accessed December 2020].Available at: <https://hogeweyk. Figure 12: Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2020). Hogeweyk. [online] co.uk/carehome.cfm/searchazref/71288> [Accessed 88 December 2020]. Figure 7 & 8: Earth.google.com. (2020). Google Earth. [online] Available at: <https://earth.google. Figure 8: Earth.google.com. Earth.google.com. (2020). (2020). Google Google Earth. Earth. [online] [online] Available Available at: at: <https://earth.google. <https://earth.google. com/web/@54.97563599,-1.64298045,109.88839379a,849.99293571d,35y,10. Figure 77 && 8: com/web/@54.97563599,-1.64298045,109.88839379a,849.99293571d,35y,10. 96539979h,0t,0r> [Accessed 5 December 2020]. com/web/@54.97563599,-1.64298045,109.88839379a,849.99293571d,35y,10. 96539979h,0t,0r> [Accessed 55 December December 2020]. 2020]. 96539979h,0t,0r> [Accessed Figure 9: Authors own Figure 9: 9: Authors Authors own own Figure Figure 12: Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2020). Hogeweyk. [online] Available at: <https://hogeweyk. Figure 12: Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2020). (2020). Hogeweyk. Hogeweyk. [online] [online] Available Available at: at: <https://hogeweyk. <https://hogeweyk. Figure 12:

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Section 13 Bibliography

Section 14 List Of Figures

All listed figures are from sources other than the authors original work

Alzheimer’s Association. (2020). Wandering. Available online at: [https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/stages-behaviors/wandering#:~:text=Six%20in%2010%20people%20 with,services%20to%20help%20prevent%20it.] Accessed January 2021

Green Match. (2021). Available online at: [https://www. greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2014/08/what-are-pv-panels] Accessed April 2021

R. Kaplan. (2001). The Nature of the View from Home: Psychological Benefits. (Environment and Behavior, 33[4]: pp.507542). Available online at: [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247933141_The_Nature_of_the_View_from_Home] Accessed on 12th October 2020

Figure 1 Material Contrast Do’s + Don’ts (Forbo Flooring Systems, 2020)

A. Lauren, et al. (2020). Urban green space and the risks of dementia and stroke. (Environmental Research,Volume 186, July 2020, 109520). Available at: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935120304138] Accessed October 2020 Alzheimer’s Society. (2014). Dementia UK Report. Available online at: [https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-us/policy-and-influencing/dementia-uk-report] Accessed on January 2021 Alzheimer’s Society. (2020). Recognising high quality-care. Available online at: [https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/help-dementia-care/recognising-high-quality-care#content-start] Accessed on January 2021 C C. Greasley-Adams, et al. (2012). Good practice in the designs of homes and living spaces for those living with dementia and sight loss. University of Stirling. [https://dementia.stir.ac.uk/ system/files/filedepot/12/good_practice_in_the_design_of_ homes_and_living_spaces_for_people_living_with_dementia_ and_sight_loss_final.pdf]. Accessed November 2020 F Forbo Flooring Systems. (2020). Dementia-Inclusive Do’s and Don’ts: A Helpful Guide for Designing Dementia-Inclusive Interiors DSDC Blog Series. Available online at: [https://www. forbo.com/flooring/en-uk/inspiration-references/making-spaces-into-places-blog/do-s-and-don-ts-a-helpful-guide-for-designing-dementia-inclusive-interiors/p0e7xj] Accessed January 2021

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GSHPA. (2021). Available online at: [https://www.gshp.org.uk/ ground_source_heat_pumps_Domestic.html] Accessed April 2021 G-Solar. (2021). Roof systems. Available online at: [https://gsolar.eu/roof-systems/] Accessed April 2021 L L. Mitchell and E. Burton. (2006). Neighbourhoods for life: Designing dementia friendly outdoor environmnets. Available online at: [file:///C:/Users/Owen/Documents/ARCH%20 Stage%203/Theory%20Into%20Practice/NeighbourhoodsforLifedesigningdementiafriendlyoutdoorenvironments.pdf] Accessed November 2020 N NHS, National Health Service. (2017). About Dementia. Available online at: [https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/ about/] Accessed October 2020 N. Mmako, et al. (2020). Green spaces, dementia and a meaningful life in the community: A mixed studies review. (Health & Place Volume 63, May 2020, 102344) Available online at: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S1353829220300617] Accessed May 2020

S Social Care Institute for Excellence. (2020). Dementia Friendly Environments: Gardens. Available online at [https:// www.scie.org.uk/dementia/supporting-people-with-dementia/ dementia-friendly-environments/gardens.asp] Accessed on October 2020

Forbo Flooring Systems. (2020). Dementia-Inclusive Do’s and Don’ts: A Helpful Guide for Designing Dementia-Inclusive Interiors DSDC Blog Series. Available online at: [https://www. forbo.com/flooring/en-uk/inspiration-references/making-spaces-into-places-blog/do-s-and-donts-a-helpful-guide-for-designing-dementia-inclusive-interiors/p0e7xj] Accessed January 2021

Figure 7 Surrounding the building with green views (Maggies, 2021) Maggies. (2021). Architecture and Design - Newcastle. Available online at: [https:// www.maggies.org/our-centres/maggies-newcastle/architecture-and-design/] Accessed April 2021

Figure 2 Cluster Recognition (marchesepartners, 2021) Figure 8 Solar Panel Connection (G-Solar, 2021) marchesepartners. (2021). Gaynes Parl Manor. Available online at: [https://www. marchesepartners.com/project/life-care-gaynes-park-manor/] Accessed Novemebr 2020

T T. Graham-Cochrane. (2010). Gardens that Care: Planning Outdoor Environments for People with Dementia. (p1-32). Available online at: [http://www.enablingenvironments.com.au/ uploads/5/0/4/5/50459523/gardens_that_care.planning_outdoor_environments_for_people_with_dementia.pdf] Accessed October 2020

Figure 3 Familiar Door (Find Memory Care, 2019)

Figure 4 Memory Box (Alzheimers Society, 2021)

WAR, World Alzheimer Report. (2020). Design, Dignity, Dementia: Dementia-related design and the built environment, Volume I. Available online at : [World Alzheimers Report [file:///C:/Users/Owen/Documents/ARCH%20Stage%203/ ARC3060%20Dissertation/Journals/World%20Alzheimers%20 Report/WorldAlzheimerReport2020Vol1.pdf] Accessed October 2020

Figure 6 Green Roof: From Case Study on Maggies Centre in Newcastle (Maggies, 2021)

G-Solar. (2021). Roof systems. Available online at: [https://g-solar.eu/roof-systems/] Accessed April 2021

Figure 9 Sun path diagram (Gaisma, 2021) Find Memory Care. (2019). Available online at: [https://findmemorycare.co.uk/dementia-friendly-hallways-and-entrances/] Accessed April 2021

Alzheimers Society. (2021). Available online at: [https://shop.alzheimers.org.uk/helpful-products/memory-box] Accessed April 2021

Gaisma. (2021). Sun path diagram. Available online at: [https://www.gaisma.com/en/ location/newcastle-upon-tyne.html] Accessed May 2021

Figure 10 Windrose (Meteoblue, 2021) Meteoblue. (2021). Windrose. Available online at: [https://www.meteoblue.com/ en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/newcastle-upon-tyne_united-kingdom_2641673] Accessed May 2021

Figure 5 Green Wall Constrution (Biotecture, 2021) Biotecture. (2021). Biotecture Living Green Wall Specification. Available online at: [https://www.biotecture.uk.com/design-and-specify/specifications-and-compliance/specifications-and-drawings/] Accessed April 2021

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