Z3P6

Front Cover

Philippa Smith - 140224186 Longton Interchange - Stoke On Trent A

G h o s t

i n

t h e

M a c h i n e

Tutors: Cara Lund and Matthew Margetts ARC3001 - Architectural Design A c a d e m i c Po r t f o l i o

Name Philippa Smith Student Number 14224186 Stage 3rd Year Year 2019/2020 Academic portfolio submitted in partial fulfilment of the BA Hons Architecture Degree.

For Jenny 1993-2018

Cover Image ‘Read Me’ by Philippa Smith

Contents Primer

6

Field Trip

16

Staging

26

Thinking Through Making

34

Realisation

38

Detailed Technology Study

52

refinement

58

Bibliography

70

Study Suspension Statement

74

P r i m e r

S t u d i o

I n t r o d u c t i o n

Infra s t r u ct u re In C o nt ex t When the Potteries Thinkbelt studio project was launched in 2016 it was centred on several key tenets of design used by architects such as Cedric Price and Bernard Tsumi.

This developed into a study of community improvement and how theis can be affected by the four key types of infrastructure often referenced by Price; Transport Interchange, Accommodation, Business Incubation and Education. for our final year my peers and I were tasked with combining two of these infrastructure types to counteract a specific issue within the area of our focus, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire.The resulting buildings designed would be imagined as part of the 2018 City of culture bid.

In our studio primer we worked alongside Students from the 5th year studio to investigate the history society and structural buildup of each of the six cities forming Stoke-on-Trent in order to understand the significamce fo the existing infrastructures and develop a personal manifesto on how we intend our designs to effect the city’s future.

A Study of the existing infrastructure in Longton Centre

Later the studi project was renamed Culture and legacies to include a focus on the intangible infrastructure created n the wake of material infrastructure Later still the project was refined and refocused on Coventry as A Ghost in the Machine.

Figure 1 - Brainstorm wall following initial session planning primer exhibition piece

Key; Red: Transport interchange Grey: Business incubation

- -

Green: Commerical cente - Black: Key high street frontages Pink: Education locations

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Blue: residential

Figure 2 - Discussion session, on the right wall is the completed infrastructure map created as a joint effort by us all.

Photo taken by Cara Lund, 2016.

8 Primer

Primer 9

Photo By Cara Lund, 2016

Photo By Cara Lund, 2016

Figures 4 & 5 - Photos by Cara Lund, 2016.

Figure 6 - Dissasemble final photo Figure 7 - (Opposing page) Disassemble video project

10 Primer

Primer 11

For my part in the final group project I designed and manufactured an archimedes screw to display the varying levels of edudaction across Stoke-onTrent, which when paired witht a lack of emphasis on skilled workeds caused a brain drain. To interactively demonstrate this the metal marbles would be lost through several holes in the underside of the barrrel, with the ‘ lowest educated’ possibly falling out of the system and while ‘highest educated’ marbles possibly being taken out of the city entirely

Photo by Cara Lund, 2016

Figure 8 - Photo by Cara Lund, 2016 Figure 9 - Export of sketchup resolved plan Figures 10 & 11 - Photos By Cara Lund, 2016

12 Primer

Figure 12 - Diagram by Elle May Simmons, Potteries Thinkbelt Studio Group, 2017

Primer 13

The Potteries Laboratory

As a final output for the primer exhibition was the Potteries Laboratory, an interactive model which demonstrated the physical and metaphysical infrastructures affecting Stoke-On-Trent and the problems inherent in those systems. The main elements modelled were, transport, education, environment and identity.

Figure 13 - Elle-May Simmonds, et al (2017) Primer Final Video - Potteries Laboratory [online video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=l-VclrlNE1g [Accessed 08/02/20]

14 Primer

Primer 15

F ield Trip Nottingham - Leicester - Walsall - Birmingham - Stoke On Trent

Nottingham Contemporary - Caruso St John

18 Field Trip

Leicester Engineering Building

Field Trip 19

Walsawll Art Gallery

20 Field Trip

Birmingham Library

Field Trip 21

Stoke-on-Trent

22 Field Trip

Longton

Field Trip 23

Longton Station

Group activities and final presentations

Photo by Cara Lund, 2016

Photo taken by Cara Lund, 2016

Photo by Cara Lund, 2016

Figures 15-60 - My own photographs Figures 61-63 - Photos by Cara Lund, 2016. igure 7 - (Opposing page) Disassemble video project

24 Field Trip

Field Trip 25

S t a g i n g

Protagonists

Timeline

As part of the narrative centred brief design of my project I selected five key users for my proposed project. These would form my protagonists, who could be used to investigate and critique my design. mttt

Karina

Harry

Andre

Peter

Jenna

Occupation: Business Marketing Student Favourite book: The Picture of Dorian Gray Oscar Wilde Most common journey: Longton to Stoke-On-Trent by Train

Occupation: Retired Valuation Officer Favourite book: The Innocent Man John Grisham Most common journey: Longton to Blurton by Bus

Occupation: Solicitor Favourite book: The Kite Runner Khaled Hosseini Most common journey: Longton to Alsager by Train

Occupation: 5 Year Old Child Favourite book: Where the Wild Things Are Maurice Sendak Most common journey: Bentilee to Longton by Bus

Occupation: Librarian Favourite book: Plum Hollie McNish Most common journey: Longton to Derby by Train

Karina is a post-graduate student at Staffordshire University but lives in Longton.

She often goes to a public library to study as she doesnt have much space in her shared flat. She also loves travelling and modern dance.

Harry lives in sheltered housing but likes to be out of the flat most of the day. He always buys his morning paper and sits in a public place to alternate between reading and people watching.

Andre is father to two little girls. He uses recipe books to ensure his family always eats interesting and varied things to eat. He wants to improve his computer and interpersonal skills so he can become an associate at his firm,

Peter is a Year 1 student at Eaton Park Academy. He is trying to learn to read but his dyslexia makes it difficult.

His mum often needs to work remotely on the weekend so looks for places where she can take him and set up her laptop.

Jenna loves literature and runs a local book group. She has had several of her poems published in anthologies and is working on her own dedicated poetry book. She often travels to Derby to visit friends and loves to catch up over coffee.

28 Staging

A comparative timeline discussing the key dates in the history of longton, library design and educational thinking and the popularity of different information technologires.

Staging 29

Planning Internal Spaces

Site Survey

Above; An initial site survey Below: A Study of the desirabe and undesirable surroundings. I want to create a building that frames Longton in a posiitive light, so controlling and bringing out the best views is really important,.

From reserach into the function of libraries as community hubs it has become clear that the digital age has drastically changed the way people read. To counteract this i decided to form a building which would encourage commuters to fill their wasted time waiting from trains or buses instead with reading. In order to accomplish this the books would have to draw people in and encourage them to spend their time on them, much like the traditional market held in the Longton Town Hall.

30 Staging

Staging 31

524

Existing elevations

530

Existing Plans

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Lower Ground Floor 1:200

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First Floor 1:200 2

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32 Staging

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Longton Station

Staging 33

T h i n k i n g T h r o u g h M a k i n g 27th - 31st of February marks TTM week, a specialist week where students explore an aspect, concept or material quality of their proposal in a 500 x 500 x 500mm model.

Planning the device to alert distracted passengers to oncoming trains by fluctuating light levels using the train vibration to move curtains

Testing the materials - ensuring pivot points work to create the desired effect

Manufacturing - mdf drums with holes to ensure vaccum isnt created by balloon movement

36 Thinking Through Making

Top: final Thinking through making week model Bottom: model in motion - photo taken by Matthew Margetts, 2020

Thinking Through Making 37

“This (building) is just a stop on the way, but it’s a fabulous stop” Matthew Margetts Tutorial

- 6th Jan

Realisation

Initial concept

Delevoped concept In the early staging of massing my proposed library I wanted to build on the southern facade of the building, creating a double height space between the original barrel vaults and a new row of bus arrival/departure bays.

Part of this idea was to use the existing elevated rail line as a datum splitting the elevation, with heavty construction below and a light steel gridshell roof with paths over the roof. This curved roof would play off the existing arched bridge to the east of the site.

However I decided the form didnt have enough connection to the area and though it would create the visual gateway to longton I intended, it would be grating within the surrounding area. However I liked the idea of the rail line acting as a datum and carried it forward.

An initial building layout; the first floor was to only contain enclosed platforms while purposeful rooms were all on the ground floor below.

early section perpendicular to the rail line

Again studying the site I focused on the rhythm of the site, angling the compact zigzag bus bays to face the barrel vault openings, which reminded me of the spines of books lined at an angle on a shelf. This developed into the idea of both a sawtooth roof and sawtooth facade with double height spaces on either side of the line in order to form matching statement staircases up to either platform.

40 Realisation

early section parallel to the rail line

Realisation 41

Chosen Design

530 A

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Fire exit only

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D cafe rooftop seating

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Fire refuge Void

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Staff room

internal entrance to shop promenade

IT Lab

Kids area

Quiet Reading

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plant room

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local history CH ~2200 01

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Dance lab

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Basement

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10 Metres

10 Metres

Again studying the site I focused on the rhythm of the site, angling the compact zigzag bus bays to face the barrel vault openings, which reminded me of the spines of books lined at an angle on a shelf. This developed into the idea of both a sawtooth roof and sawtooth ppolcarbonate facade with double height spaces on either side of the line in order to form matching statement staircases up to either platform.

42 Realisation

Realisation 43

530 B

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44 Realisation

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Realisation 45

South Elevation

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section C

46 Realisation

Realisation 47

48 Realisation

Realisation 49

50 Realisation

Realisation 51

D e t a i l e d Technology S t u d y

Technical Section and Part Elevation Study Figure 17 - Diagrammatic section of cut spaces Figure 18 - Technical section A-A taken through sawtooth roof structure

Section A-A Legend (1:20) 1. Irregular triangular truss with 200mm Ă˜

cylindrical chords and 25mm Ă˜ diagonal rods 2. 165mm x 75mm I beams at 1200 c/c 3. 150mm x 120mm Z purlin at 900mm c/c 4. 30mm Profiled metal sheeting mechanically fixed 5. 50mm Mineral wool insulation 6. Vapour control layer 7. 200mm Mineral wool insulation between

250mm resin bonded mineral wool purlins

at 900mm c/c . All to achieve 0.13 W/m2/k 8. Breather membrane 9. 30mm Profiled metal sheeting mechanically fixed 10. Evacuated tubes fixed to roof

54 Detailed Technology Study

Detailed Technology Study 55

Passive Solar Gain and Ventilation

Figure 28 - Summer/ Winter, Day/Night

56 Detailed Technology Study

Figure 29 - Mechanical solar gain, ventilation and lighting diagrams

Detailed Technology Study 57

S y n t h e s i s

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Proposed Floor Plans

530 B

North wall East wall South wall

6 6 6

West wall

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Floor

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Ceiling

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North wall East wall South wall

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West wall

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Accessible WC 3.3m2

Refridgerated display

Register

FD 60 North wall East wall South wall West wall

North wall

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01 FD 60

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Cleaning cupboard 07

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Pavillion stacks / Event space 285m2 North wall

Pavillion materials and shelf refill storage 31m2

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North wall East wall South wall West wall

North wall

North wall East wall

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5 5 5 1 11

Kids area 60m2

IT Lab 62m2 South wall

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Floor Ceiling

5&7 5

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raised reading hammock with play space below r/ nte r Pri pie co

FD 60

Entry / Bag store North wall

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Dance lab / multi-use space 65m2 North wall

Plant room 91m2 North wall

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East wall

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West wall

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Floor

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Local history permanent exhibition 37m2

Chair Store

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Void

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WC with urinals 16m2

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WC with cubicles 18m2

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Maintenance closet 9.5m2

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Finishes Key

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Polished concrete Polished concrete with UFH Carpet Bush hammered concrete with local pottery aggregate Concrete Raw plaster wall Glazing Polycarbonate Cladding Kingspan Evo Axis SIP Cladding Exposed Beam and Block Beam and block with fireline Suspended plasterboard ceiling Luxury vinyl tiles Perforated metal railing Metal grating Profiled metal cladding

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Lower Ground Floor 1:200 0

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Polished concrete Polished concrete with UFH Carpet Bush hammered concrete with local pottery aggregate Concrete Raw plaster wall Glazing Polycarbonate Cladding Kingspan Evo Axis SIP Cladding Exposed Beam and Block Beam and block with fireline Suspended plasterboard ceiling Luxury vinyl tiles Perforated metal railing Metal grating Profiled metal cladding

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Cafe 55m2

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Community bulletin and local news

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Printer / copier

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Auditorium seating 37m2 North wall

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Void

standing computers / short stay desks 59m2 North wall

Ticket machines / Library self checkout 14m2

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South wall

6 & 16

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2000 x 1400 North wall

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Requested book storage

Reception 13.5m2 Returns

Staff room 15m2 North wall

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East wall

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Floor

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Ceiling

16

North wall

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East wall

14

South wall

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West wall

6 & 16

Floor

2

Ceiling

16

Kitchenette

Internal entrance to shop arcade

Shop arcade and 7 retail units not within scope of design

Quiet Reading 73m2 North wall

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East wall

16

South wall

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West wall

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C

FD 60

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fixed bench seat

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library self checkout 14m2

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7

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30

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FD 60

Audio Garden / Bridge 100m2 North wall

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East wall

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West wall

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14

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Ticket machines 14m2 22

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Finishes Key

Finishes Key Fire exit only

Fire exit only

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Ground Floor 1:200 2

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60 Refinement

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Polished concrete Polished concrete with UFH Carpet Bush hammered concrete with local pottery aggregate Concrete Raw plaster wall Glazing Polycarbonate Cladding Kingspan Evo Axis SIP Cladding Exposed Beam and Block Beam and block with fireline Suspended plasterboard ceiling Luxury vinyl tiles Perforated metal railing Metal grating Profiled metal cladding

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Second Floor 1:200 0

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Fire exit only

Polished concrete Polished concrete with UFH Carpet Bush hammered concrete with local pottery aggregate Concrete Raw plaster wall Glazing Polycarbonate Cladding Kingspan Evo Axis SIP Cladding Exposed Beam and Block Beam and block with fireline Suspended plasterboard ceiling Luxury vinyl tiles Perforated metal railing Metal grating Profiled metal cladding

Refinement 61

Proposed Elevations

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

+16000

0

+16000

-3500

West Elevation 1:200 +11330

+5330 with insu +5000 original +16000

+11330

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-3500

West Elevation 1:200 +5330 with insu +5000 original

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-3500 +16000

East Elevation 1:200

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South Elevation 1:200

+17500

+11300

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South Elevation 1:200

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-3650

North Elevation 1:200

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION +11330

+5350 with insu +5000 original +5330 with insu +5000 original

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East Elevation 1:200

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62 Refinement

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+11330

Refinement 63

Section

64 Refinement

Refinement 65

Function massing

66 Refinement

Material Study

Refinement 67

Diagrammatic Study

Pavillions

The building will have a rotating selection of ptemporary pavillions, each based on a genre of books, in order to keep the act of choosing a book and thus encouraging the user to pick op in T will be complemented by the Audio Garden, a permanent pavillion with a selection of three or four audio books built into the pavillion with headphone jacks available by the seats so users can hear a short chapter of a audiobook before they have to leave

68 Refinement

Refinement 69

Bibliography

Bibliography Books and Publications

List of Ilustrations Unknown (2003)British Srtandard 5395-3: 1985 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 - Stairs, ladders and walkways Part 3: Code of practice for the design of industrial type stairs, permanent ladders and walkways.[PDF] British standards institute. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/24612791/Stairs_ladders_and_walkways_Part_3_Code_of_practice_ for_the_design_of_industrial_type_stairs_permanent_ladders_and_walkways [ accessed 17/07/20] Unknown, (2010) Approved Document B, Volume 2 Buildings other than dwellings, 2019 edition [ PDF] HM Government. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/832633/Approved_Document_B__fire_safety__volume_2_-_2019_edition.pdf [accessed 17/08/20] Unknown, (2010) Approved Document K, 2013 edition [ PDF] HM Government. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/443181/BR_PDF_AD_K_2013.pdf[accessed 17/08/20] Unknown, (2010) Approved Document M, Volume 2 Buildings other than dwellings, 2015 edition [ PDF] HM Government. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/441786/BR_PDF_AD_M2_2015.pdf [accessed 17/08/20] Nagler, F (2006) Factory Hall in Bobingen, In detail; Building skins Coll, P(2016) Box gutters and overflows, (website) Building connection. Available at: https://buildingconnection.com.au/2016/08/01/729/ [accessed 10/07/20] Bua, M & Goldfarb, M (2012) ‘Architectural Inventions; Visionary Drawings’, London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd. Hardingham, S & Rattenbury, K (2007) ‘Supercrit #1; Cedric Price; Potteries Thinkbelt’ Oxon; Routledge.

Price, C et al (2003) ‘The Square Book’ Chichester; Wiley Academy. Tschumi, B (2014) ‘Notations; Diagrams and Sequences’ London: Artifice Books on Architecture.

Tschumi, B (1987) ‘Cinegramme Folie; le parc de la villette’ New Jersey; Princeton Architecture Press.

Terragni, E (2015) ‘The High Line, Forseen Unforseen’London, Phaidon Press Limited.

Pause, M & Clark, R.H. et al. (1979) ‘An Analysis of Precedent’ Raleigh, The student publicationof the school of Design, North Carolina State University.

Lewis et al. (2016) ‘the manual of section’ New Jersey; Princeton Architecture Press.

Betsky, A (2017) Architecture matters’ London, Thames and Hudson Limited.

Articles

Cover image – Author Figure 1 – Author Figure 2 – Photograph by Cara Lund, 2016, shared directly. Page.12 Figure 3 - Author Figures 4 & 5 - Photos by Cara Lund, 2016. Page.14 Figure 6 & 7 - Author Figure 8 - Photo by Cara Lund, 2016 Page. 16 Figure 9 - Author Figures 10 & 11 - Photos By Cara Lund, 2016 Page.16 Figure 12 - Diagram by Elle May Simmons, Potteries Thinkbelt Studio Group, 2017. Page. 17 Figure 13 - Elle-May Simmonds, et al (2017) Primer Final Video - Potteries Laboratory [online video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=l-VclrlNE1g [Accessed 08/02/20] Page. 19 Figures 15-60 - Author Figures 61-63 - Photos by Cara Lund, 2016. Page. 29 Figures 64-80 - Author Figure 81 – Photo by Matthew Margetts, 2020. Page.41 Figures 82-135 - Author

Cantley, B (2013) ‘Two Sides of the Page: the Antifact and the Artefact’ Architectural Design, vol. 83, no. 05, pp.36-43 Clear, N (2013) ‘Drawing Time’ Architectural Design, vol. 83, no. 05, pp. 70-79 Finch, P (2014) ‘Breakfast with Cedric’ Volume, vol 42 no. 04, pp. 113-44 Hobart, S (2005) ‘The Fun Palace: Cedric Price’s experiment in architecture and technology’ Technoetic Arts: A Journal of Speculative Research, vol. 3, No. 02, pp. 73-91 Slavinsky, D (2011) ‘Authorship at risk: The role of the Architect’ Architectural Design, vol. 81 (Protocell Architecture), no. 02, pp. 91-99 Spiller, N (2011) ‘Protocells: The Universal Solvent’ Architectural Design, vol. 81, no. 02, pp. 60-67 Spiller, N (2013) ‘The Poetics of the Island of Vessels’ Architectural Design, vol. 83, no. 05, pp. 14-19 & 112-119

Video

The Architectural Review (2014) ‘Bernard Tschumi interview’ [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dac_llP5Dc0 [Accessed: 16/02/20] AA School of Architecture (2015) ‘Bernard Tschumi - Red is Not a Color’ [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9nVku WarY8&t=36s [Accessed: 19/02/20] SCI-Arc Media Archive (2017) ‘Bernard Tschumi: Concept & Notation (November 10, 2014)’ [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=V49vC8P5nYc&t=675s [Accessed: 16/02/20] Elle-May Simmonds, et al (2017) Primer Final Video - Potteries Laboratory [online video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-VclrlNE1g [Accessed 08/02/20]

Websites

García-Germán, J (UNKNOWN) ‘Cedric Price’ The architectural Association [online] Available at: https://radical-pedagogies.com/search- cases/e18-architectural-association/ [Accessed 16/02/2020] Lecarelli, F (2016) ‘Cedric Price ‘Housing Research’ (1971) and the ‘Steel House’ (1967)’ Socks Studio [online] Available at http://socks-studio. com/2016/04/14/cedric-pricehousing-research-1971-and-the- steel-house-1967/ [accessed 16/02/2020] Murphy,D (2018) ‘Cedric Price (1934-2003)’ The Architectural Review [online] https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/reputations/ cedric-price-1934-2003/10026650. article [accessed 15/02/2020] Price, C (1998) ‘Olympia: The Village Brain’ Canadian Centre for Art [online] Available at: https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/search/details/collection/ object/443878 [accessed: 20/02/2020] Spiller, N (1998) ‘The Object Beside Itself’ [online] Available at: http://www.neilspiller.com/projects/communicating-vessels/the-object- beside-itself/ [accessed: 15/02/2020] Tschumi, B (2019) ‘The Manhattan Transcripts 1976-1981’ Bernard Tschumi Architects [ online] Available at http://www.tschumi.com/ projects/18/ [Accessed: 16/02/20] Unknown (2012) ‘The Manhattan Transcripts Project, New York’ MOMA [online] available at: https://www.moma.org/collection/ works/42?artist_id=7056&locale=it&page=1&sov_ referrer=artist [Accessed: 16/02/2020] Unknown (2015) ‘Concept & notation: Bernard Tschumi’s Retrospective travels to Basel’ Bigmat International Architecture Agenda [online] Available at: https://www. bmiaa. com/concept-notation-bernard-tschumis-retrospective-travels-to-basel/ [Accessed:16/02/20] Woods, L (2011) ‘Spiller’s World ‘ [online] Available at: https://lebbeuswoods. wordpress.com/2011/03/19/spillers-world/ [accessed: 15/02/2020] Vidler, A (2014) ‘After the event : Bernard Tschumi Retrospective at the Pompidou centre’ ’ The Architectural Review [online] Available at: https://www.architectural-review. com/essays/reviews/ exhibitions/after-the-event-bernard-tschumi-retrospective-at-the-pompidou-centre/8668977.article [accessed: 15/02/2020]

72 Bibliography

Bibliography 73

Study Suspension Statement During my study of BA Hons in Architecture my sister was diagnosed in Jan 2017 and passed away in Aug 2018 from terminal cancer. Because of this I have taken some time away from my studies during my undergraduate degree.

First Year 2014/16 Second Year 2015/16 Third Year Semester One only (Sept-Dec) 2016/17 Semester Two only (Jan-May) 2017/18 Suspended Year Semester Two Retake 2019/20