Reece Minott Portfolio

ACADEMIC PORTFOLIO 2020/21 ARC3001 - STUDIO 06 - BUILDING UPON BUILDING

NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY REECE MINOTT 180202458

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thankyou to everybody who has offered support and guidance to me throughout this academic year.

To my studio tutors Tom and Pep for guiding my development and their commitment to helping me get the best out of the course this year.

To my Mum and Dad, family and friends for their continued belief and support throughout my time at Newcastle University.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO STUDIO ILLUSTRATIVE REFLECTIVE DIARY -

8 - 11

PROJECT FRAMING -

12 - 35

PROJECT TESTING -

36 - 67

THINKING THROUGH MAKING -

68 - 75

PROJECT SYNTHESIS -

76 - 95

CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY THEMATIC CASE STUDY -

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6-7

96 - 101 102 - 117

LIST OF FIGURES -

118

BIBLIOGRAPHY -

119

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BUILDING UPON BUILDING INDRODUCTION TO STUDIO - 06 PROJECT NAME Lubetkin’s Penguin Pool, Research centre for ecological change and wildlife.

PROJECT LOCATION Lubetkin’s Penguin Pool, London Zoo, Regents Park, London BRIEF Berthold Lubetkin designed the Penguin Pool in 1934, a modernist expression used to frame the penguins as a spectacle.

Lubetkin showcased his what he believed to be the future of animals in captivity, introducing Architectural trends of the time and moving away from the commonly seen alternative of animals displayed in a cage. Today Lubetkins Penguin pool still stands, despite the removal of penguins in 2004. In this studio we investigate what Lubetkins original design intentions were and why this has led to the Grade 1 listed building preserved today. We will explore how and why the pool may continue to be preserved in the future, and devlop a scheme that reflects out stance on this preservation.

FIGURE 2 - PRESERVATION? Figure The Architects Newspaper

FIGURE 3 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL MODEL Figure Architects Journal

FIGURE 4 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL 1934 Figure The Architects Newspaper

FIGURE 5 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL TODAY Figure Explorabilia

- Create a new building for ecological change and wildlife at the zoological society of London.

- Accomodate ecological research with labs, inhabitation for wildlife and accomodation for two scientists.

- Have a physical connection with Lub-etkins penguin pool - Create a landscape strategy that con-nects with the rest of the zoological society and Regents park.

- Respond to the studio specific criteria through the design and execution of the project.

STUDIO SPECIFIC CRITERIA 1 RELATION TO NEW AND OLD - How the project responds to the existing and thinks long-term about the impact of the design intervention at different scales.

2 REFLECTION ON BERTHOLD LUBETKIN AND THE PENGUIN POOL - How the project responds to Lubetkins ORIGINAL ideas and implements ideas which are sup-ported by a consideration of preservation debates.

FIGURE 1 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL Figure World Architecture

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ILLUSTRATED REFLECTIVE DIARY

TRANSLATING THEORY TO CONCEPT

INTRODUCTION TO KEY THEMES AND IDEAS

At the beginning of the year I chose Studio 06, Building upon building, interested in the idea of experimental preservation, primarily in a theoretical sense, investigating how our rapidly changing society can cause obsolescence in an uncontrollable way, the impacts of this, and how our built spaces can avoid obsoletion, by preserving their character intuitively and ensuring they are meaningful long-term, in a variety of contexts and times.

FIGURE 6 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL 1934 The Architects Newspaper

As a studio, we researched how the pool had changed over time in line with its context in London Zoo, regents park, and also the wider social landscape. We found that societies stance on the morality of keeping animals in captivity has been one of the most significant and influential changes over time (ZSL, n/d), and despite attempts in recent years to replicate the natural environment of animals in London Zoo, we realise the moral implications of our interest in experiencing the natural world. Aided by readings in as part of my theory into practise essay, I was led to my initial concept, thinking about how these changing perceptions may continue to unfold into the future and how we may continue to experience wildlife beyond the life of the ‘Zoo’ as we know it.

The significance of preservation was further highlighted to me while writing my dissertation in semester 1. Looking at St Ann’s in Nottingham, an inner-city area, often stigmatised as unsuccessful because of social and economic challenges primarily caused by large scale redevelopment in the 1960s and ’70s. I reflected on how residents needs and desires were pushed to the side in the pursuit of short-lived Architectural trends and the financial rewards of few, ultimately leading to the loss of a once tight-knit community, who were made to live in new spaces void of the character and personality seen in the ‘old St Ann’s.

I applied this line of thinking to my initial design work from the initial stages, considering how a balance may be found between our need for evolution and change, and the need to identify and preserve the qualities of existing spaces, to avoid irreversible negative social, economic and environmental impact.

The preservation of Lubetkin’s penguin pool has been discussed throughout the years since its construction in 1934, but particularly in recent years since the removal of penguins in 2004 (Block, 2019). In order to form a stance on how I felt it best to approach the preservation of the Grade 1 listed pool, my first priority was identifying the qualities which would be meaningful to preserve, before investigating how this could be achieved.

FIGURE 7 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL TODAY Explorabilia

FIGURE 8 - PRESERVATION? The Architects Newspaper

‘Rewilding’ is a nationwide scheme looking to introduce/reintroduce new species to the UK, increasing the biodiversity of countryside areas with a range of ecological benefits (Rewilding Britain, 2021). I considered how this ongoing project could be reflected in the Zoo and Regents park, a microcosm of the future of ‘wildlife’ in this country being the long-term goal, as the forced captivity of imported animals is phased out.

Regents park would become a conservation for new wildlife and be allowed to grow and evolve itself over time in line with the needs of society, avoiding obsoletion while preserving its historical foundations as ‘the lungs of the city’ (History House, 2021).

By investigating this concept I planned to also address the current climate crisis. Preserving existing buildings while designing new spaces for long-term use to remain relevant and avoid the need for future demolition, responding to Carl Elfante’s idea that “The greenest building is the one that already exists” (Elfante, 2007), that I discussed as part of the thinking through making module. I considered the idea of a landform building that, while accomodating an ecological research centre, could facilitate the introduction and growth of new plant and animal wildlife, increasing bio-diversity and helping the absorption of pollutants from the surrounding city. The moral obligation of Architects to consider the climate through design is also addressed through the amplified growth of green space, allowing the gradual offset the cardon exerted by the building and during its construction. This was something I investigated in depth in the integrated construction module, looking at how I could use concrete construction in a sustainable way, ensuring the building could remain structurally sound into the future, also considering the physical impacts of its natural context ie. Tree roots impact on foundations etc.

‘LUNGS OF THE CITY’ REGENTS PARK AS A CONSERVATION Project Framing, semester 1

REWILDING LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL - CONCEPT IMAGE Project Framing, semester 1

DISSERTATION COVER - DEMOLITION OF A COMMUNITY Authors original work submitted as part of ARC3060 Dissertation in architectural studies.

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DEVELOPING CONCEPT AND PRODUCING OUTPUTS

In the initial massing stages I used a lot of hand drawing to develop and refine ideas.

The form was primarily dictated by the immediate context, but keeping in mind all the themes and ideas explored through framing.

This process saw a number of varying iterations, one of the challenges with my process, especially in the early stages, was representing the artificial landscape and the forms I was exploring to others, especially those less familiar with my project. Looking back I feel the use of sketch models and more refined physical models throughout the project may have helped represent my building as a mass more effectively.

I combated the issues I had with representation by looking at a number of representation precedents, especially those which showcased landscape and cuts through the earth. Having a better understanding of the techniques used by others, I was able to represent the form of my building more effectively in the Synthesis stages. During project synthesis I also aimed to spend the majority of my time working on the key drawings (Plans and Long section), ensuring I was able to showcase the 3-dimensional form of the building in ways I had struggled with earlier in the project.

Stage 3 has been a year full of challenges, and very different experiences to other years with COVID-19. It has been especially enjoyable being able to express my personal interest in Architecture as a tool for social change, and combining that with key themes of my studio and the sustainability-driven ethos of Newcastle university Architecture.

ROOF PLAN SKETCH ITERATIONS Project Testing, semester 2

FIGURE 9 - REPRESENTATION PRECEDENT Dimitris Christidis, Archisearch

KEY DRAWING - LONG SECTION Project Synthesis, Semester 2 P ag e 10 | Academic Po rtfo lio

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PROJECT FRAMING SEMESTER 1

Starting with group research and a presentation of our studio-specific criteria, along with key themes, Project Framing allowed me to develop a stance on experimental preservation, particularly in relation to Lubetloms penguin pool. The historical context was especially important in this studio and much of the work that I produced and submitted for the framing review in December revolved around the thematic exploration of key themes. Research guided me to a narrative centered around how we may experience wildlife in the future, I reinforced this idea with diagrams and collages looking to investigate the idea of transforming London Zoo, as well as Regents Park into a conservation.

Towards the end of project framing, I reworked my initial massing proposal substantially (see. Appendix) primarily as my views and ideas changed quite rapidly as I discovered more about Berthold Lubetkins original design intentions. I was also influenced by my dissertation, having a more profound understanding of how much Architecture can be used to shape the social and political landscape, something Lubetkin had a great interest in also (Diehl, 1999). My final output for project framing was a massing proposal that although still in explorative stages, expressed my research and findings well and allowed me to continue to move forwards maintaining the key qualities.

KEY SUGGESTIONS FROM REVIEW - Create accurate drawings of the site in plan and section to help through the massing stages - Create imagery for the pool zoo and park at different times through history - Locate a clear position on experimental preservation NEW WORK SINCE REVIEW ADDRESSING SUGGESTIONS SITE DRAWINGS: pg. 14-16 - Site Plan - Regents Park Plan -Site Sections POSITION ON EXPERIMENTAL PRESERVATION: p.26 MASSING SKETCHES: pg.33 MASSING PROPOSAL: pg. 34-35 - Mass on site Plan - Diagrams - Programme sketch - Relationship with pool section sketch

NEW WORK INDICATED BY -

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SITE DECLARATION SITE LOCATION, CONTEXT AND PLAN Located in the borough of Westminster, Regents park, the “Lungs of London” (History House, 2021), juxtaposes its urban setting with vast green space, botanical gardens and is home to London Zoo and Lubetkin’s Penguin Pool.

FIGURE 10 - REGIONAL LOCATION Figure. Google Earth

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FIGURE 11 - CITYWIDE LOCATION Figure. Google Earth

REGENTS PARK LOCATION Authors original work

SITE PLAN Authors original work

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SITE DECLARATION SITE ANALYSIS IN LINE WITH BRIEF. By preserving two adjacent trees in his original design, Lubetkin aimed to carefully connect his modernist expression to the leafy park setting, while also providing cool shade for the penguins.

I showcase the pool and its connection with nature in my site drawings.

SHORT SITE SECTION

LONG SITE SECTION

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PENGUIN POOL PLANS AND FORM DIAGRAMS

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HISTORICAL CONTEXT - 1934 SITE ANALYSIS IN LINE WITH BRIEF. With ealy foundations as the hunting grounds of Henry the VIII, Historically regents park was part of a Bourgeoise estate, and since the introduction of the Zoological society in the mid 1800’s (ZSL, n/d), the animals kept in cages were an additional attraction for the rich and wealthy of London.

Moving into the 20th Century as London Zoo and Regents Park began to become more accessible to wider audiences. Lubetkin was a visionary who played a key role in transforming the way we experience wildlife in captivity. Framing the penguins in an enclosure that represented Architectural trends of the time, veering away from cages, and also the increasingly common ‘naturalistic environments’ which dampened the ‘spectacle’ of the animals within (Sambrook, 2013).

Inspired by an egg shape which allowed for panoramic views of the penguins as they circulated playfully around the delicate concrete ramps. The penguins were the spectacle, and the main attraction, with the pool serving to showcase and enhance their character.

FIGURE 13 - THE PICTURESQUE Todd Longstaffe-Gowan

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FIRGURE 12 - THE SPECTACLE Architecture History

FIGURE 14 - CAPTIVITY Vintag.es

FIGURE 15 - 1833 MAP OF REGENTS PARK Wikimedia

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EVOLUTION AND CHANGE THE IMPACTS OF SOCIETIES EVOLUTION ON THE SITE AND CONTEXT. Although regents park remained the “Lungs of London”, the city grew around it, and as needs and desires changed for the people who lived there, the zoo went through big changes also. The mid-20th century saw the commercialisation of the zoo from the institution which once prioritised scientific research. Our views on the morality of keeping animals in captivity transformed also, meaning a turning point in peoples perspectives of enclosures like the penguin pool, which prioritised the human appreciation of the animals over the wellbeing of the animals themselves.

FIGURE 16 - ‘LUNGS OF THE CITY’ TODAY FIgure. Architectural Digest

LONDON GROWTH Original Semester 1 Group Work

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CONTEXT TIMELINE Original Semester 1 Group Work

ZOO TIMELINE Original Semester 1 Group Work

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EVOLUTION AND CHANGE THE IMPACTS OF SOCIETIES EVOLUTION ON THE SITE AND CONTEXT. We compiled our findings into a timeline to showcase the evolution of the pool in conjunction with its context.

We then created a 10 minute group presentation on the historical context of Lubetkins Penguin Pool and regents park.

Summarising our research identified 3 key questions: Was the Penguin Pool flawed because of its design or because of societies changes and subsequently changes to the fabric of the zoo itself?

Should the Pool be eradicated or is there possibility to make use of its qualities for other purposes?

How is our perception of zoo’s going to change in the future? What will be the new way to design habitats in urban environments?

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EVOLUTION, CHANGE AND PRESERVATION - 2004 THE IMPACTS OF WIDER CONTEXT ON THE PENGUIN POOL Was the Penguin Pool flawed because of its design or because of societies changes and subsequently changes to the fabric of the zoo itself?

Penguins were removed from the pool in 2004 due to bacterical infections caused by the abrasive concrete. This was not Lubetkins intention, infact Lubetkin designed a rubber coating for the conrete which was later removed by the Zoo. Despite this, and Lubetkins forward thinking original design, the obsolesence of the zoo as an encolsure for penguins seemed inevitable, society changed rapidly over the 70 years since the pools completion. We now aim to prioritise the wellbeing of the animals over the ‘spectacle’ and modern technology allowed use to continue an experience of the animals while also keeping them in a more ‘natural’ habitat, something Lubetkin could not have anticipated.

2004

The penguin pool is now a listed building, the spectacle has changed, the pool itself is now the main attraction. The pool represents a sense of nostalgia and imagination, something which was one a window into the future is now a glimpse of the past. People have a desire to preserve the pool, not necersarily for what it was but for what it is and represents today.

But as we continue to develop our understanding of the needs of captive animals, does this mean today’s zoo has the same destiny as the pool? I began to visualise through collage how the obsolesence of the zoo, due to an eventual rejection of animals in captivity, may impact the penguin pool, and not only lead to an increased connection with nature, as per Lubetkins original intentions, but reintroduce wildlife, which may occupy the pool out of choice rather than captivity.

2024?

FIGURE 17 - PENGUIN BEACH Figure Zoological Society of London

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PENGUIN POOL 1934 VISUALISATION

2044?

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FUTURE CONTEXT? - 2074 LINE OF ENQUIRY HOW MIGHT HISTORICAL TRENDS CONTINUE LONG TERM AND HOW CAN WE PRESERVE WHAT EXISTS TO COLLABORATE WITH THIS UNCERTAIN FUTURE? Taken to the extreme the park and the zoo may be left to evolve and grow. The idea of regents park as the lungs of the city would be preserved but amplified as it becomes a conservation for wildlife, still a place for human experience but in an alternative setting where both people and wildlife are mutually respected and facilitated.

REGENTS PARK 2074? VISUALISATION

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PENGUIN POOL 2074? VISUALISATION

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2021

2024

DEVELOPING CONCEPT TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO A DESIGN STRATEGY This example of ecological change facilitates the brief to design an ecological research centre. In this scenario the intervention in regents park could serve as a microcosom of ongoing efforts to increase biodiversity across britain with ‘Rewilding’ - an ongoing scheme aiming to introduce and reintroduce new wildlife to the UK as a responce to the climate crisis.

Paths will be removed to increase the possible surface area of conservation spaces. Key paths and routes are maintained. Some of the pre-existing paths included in a 2.5km trail through the conservation spaces - including the former zoo.

Lake/water

Trail

FIGURE 18 - REWILDING UK Rewilding website

Developing this idea into a concept for a massing, I considered creating a building which would be a small part of this large scale regeneration project. Stan Allen talks in his lecture ‘Landform Building’ about his project taiching gateway park.

“There is a level of uncertainty, we dont know exactly how this project is going to develop in the future... We won’t have strict control, this is going to be a long process” (Allen, 2015) This idea resonated with my considerations of how our attitudes towards animals in captivity may change in the future. By designing a landform building, I could create a space which could connect people and wildlife (similarly to Lubetkin) but avoid short term obsolesence by integrating with the landscape and allowing the space to evolve alongside the surrounding natural environment, depending on how it changes in the future.

Some key buildings, features and areas of the park, must be considered and maintained due to cultural, social and economic significance. This helps narrow down the areas that can be part of the transformation.

THE PARK ARE A MICROCOSM OF REWILDING BRITAIN Authors Original Work, Photos from trip to Wollaton park, showcasing conservation alongside public space.

Maintained space

Maintained structure

Largest wooded areas within the park are chosen for conservation. Dictated by paths, existing structures and sports fields, new trees are planted increasing the area ready to grow into conservation and become home to wildlife.

Existing wooded area

Newly planted trees/plants

FIGURE 19 - EXAMPLE OF REWILDING Foodfitnessflora

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INITIAL CONCEPT INDRODUCTION TO STUDIO - 06 My initial concept sketches began to investigate the idea of a landform building. I aimed to preserve existing paths and routes around the penguin pool, preserving it as a spectacle whilst the zoo still functions around it initially.

I explored the idea of providing accomodation beneath the surface of the artificial landform, and creating courtyards to maintain existing trees, preserving Lubetkins intended connection with the surrounding park.

Elevated walkways could give an enhanched human experience of the pool with new views and methods of circulation.

INITIAL CONCEPT SKETCH

INITIAL CONCEPT SKETCH - BURIED ACCOMODATION

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INITIAL CONCEPT SKETCH AXO

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* THINKING THROUGH SKETCHING DEVELOPMENT FROM INITIAL SKETCH

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* * INITIAL MASSING PROPOSAL PROJECT FRAMING INITIAL MASSING My initial massing proposal was a concrete superstructure, which would support an artificial topography, connecting the pool with the surrounding landscape and allowing new experiences of it.

The form was found by offsetting the ellipse of the penguin pool and shaping the structure to frame key site features and preserve existing routes and circulation.

KEY PRECEDENT

GEOMETRY INFORMED BY SITE

INTERNAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL

MASSING PLAN TESTED ON SITE

KAOHSIUNG STATION Mecanoo, Designboom

Kaohsiung station provides a precedent for how the superstructure can immitate landscape but allow for accomodation below.

GROUND FLOOR PROGRAMME SKETCH

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FUNCTION DIAGRAMS

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PROJECT TESTING SEMESTER 2

After receiving feedback in tutorials on my revised massing proposal at the end of Project Framing, I started trying to transform my proposal and think more carefully about how the forms I was creating could manifest themselves into an actual building. I went through a lot of iterations trying to achieve this as best as possible, researching precedents helped visualise my intentions. At the testing review stage, I was yet to have a refined programme of internal spaces so this was my primary focus moving forwards. At this stage, I felt I had a good understanding of how I could transform the landscape in a contextual way, but I needed an effective way to apply this to the internal spaces. Increasing my understanding of ellipses and other buildings which have developed concentric programmes, was a big turning point in project testing, and I was able to start drafting ideas for a programme alongside the continued development of my landscape design, rather than focusing on one as I had been through the earlier stages. The integrated technology module was also very influential, focusing on a key space in detail gave me a good understanding of how the building would work as a whole which I found really significant as I moved into the project Synthesis.

PROVISIONAL GRADE AFTER REVIEW - B KEY SUGGESTIONS FROM REVIEW - Inhabit plans to gain a better understanding of how the spaces are used - Explore precedents to find a style of representing the landform in plan - Put more consideration into the programme of spaces beneath the landform

NEW WORK SINCE REVIEW ADDRESSING SUGGESTIONS ELLIPTICAL PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT pg. 50-53 - Precedent research - Ellipse calculations - Testing Programme in autocad and sketch REFINING AND REPRESENTING PROGRAMME pg. 54-59 - Vertical connection and form sketches - Precedent research - Programme List - Developed Plans MATERIALITY AND TECHNOLOGY pg. 60-67 - Materiality and Technology research and sketches - Integrated Construction (ARC3013)

NEW WORK INDICATED BY -

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DEVLOPING CONCEPT RETHINKING THE IDEAS PRESENTED IN FRAMING MASSING PROPOSAL

After developing my massing proposal from the initial framing submission in december, the proposal still needed further refinement. I aimed to find a way to integrate the superstructure into the surrounding landscape more effectively and realise more rigourously how the spaces beneath the landform would function.

Testing ideas i produced a quick sketch in section which showcase these new ideas. I aimed to combine the superstructure with artificial landscaping around the exterior in order to merge the structure with its surroundings.

REVISED CONCEPT, SECTION SKETCH

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RETHINKING AND REFINING MASSING

KEY PRECEDENTS

USING TOPOGRAPHY TO AND LANDSCAPING TO RELATE THE PENGUIN POOL AND SHEME TO SURROUNDING CONTEXT In this next stage of massing I aimed to more accuretey reflect the concentric geometry of the penguin pool in the landscaping. This would allow panoramic views of the pool from around the building in the same way the pool once did for the penguins. I created a grid by scaling up the ellipse of the penguin pool with the same proportions, and then using it as a guidline for my sketch iterations.

I researched precedents which used concentric geometry in landform building to see how I could integrate the paths I was preserving with this more complex form, TAOPU CENTRAL PARK James Corner, Field Operations

Taopu central park connects humans with the natural environment in a similar way to how I aim to achieve with my intervention. The concentric pathways separate green space which aims to grow into animal habitats and wildlife corridors overtime. Located in one of the most polluted areas of the city, the project also looks to combat the climate crisis. This precedent was particularly useful to see how the strict geometry diverges at the boundary.

SCALING UP THE POOL TO CREATE A CONCENTRIC GRID

REFLECTING THE POOL IN LANDSCAPING

TIANJIN CULTURE PARK SWA

SWA’s strategy with Tianjin culture park was to create an expression of Tianjins industrial past as a new urban expression. The concentric pathways in this precedent serve to create a core of interaction “pockets of rich gathering place”, similarly to how I aim to elevate the significance and importance of the penguin pool with it in the centre of the geometry.

GEOMETRY AND GRIDS PLAN TO SECTION

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GEOMETRY AND SYMMETRY, SECTION SKETCH

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MEREGING THE BOUNDARY CONNECTING THE GEOMETRY WITH CONTEXT Continuing the iterative sketching process, I introduced the existing contours of the site and began to alter the form around the edges to merge with site contours, paths, and features I wished to preserve.

KEY PRECEDENT

TESTING CONTOUR BOUNDARY SKETCHES

MEREGING CONTOURS WITH CONCENTRIC GEOMETRY

MUSEUM OF ALTAMIRA Navarrd Baldeweg

Navarrd Baldeweg shows a great deal of control in the design of the museums boundary with the landscape. Some cuts appear rigid and intentional, highlighting how the building cuts into the topography, whereas access routes and circulation merge seemlessy with the existing. It is important to find the right balance in my scheme and understand where these intentional cuts may be (courtyards?) and the boundary merges (topography and pathways?).

SECTION SKETCH VISUALISATION OF MEREGED BOUNDARY

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CONNECTING LANDSCAPE AND PROGRAMME PREPARATION FOR TESTING REVIEW Building up to the testing review I looked to start refining my landscaping ideas and test how I could achieve a building programme beneath the landform.

I experimented with creating a similar grid system to that I used to form the superstructure but for the internal spaces.

DEVELOPING PROGRAMME SKETCH

TESTING ROOF PLAN WITH CONTOURS

ARTIFICIAL LANDSCAPE CONTOURS WITH BOUNDARY MERGED

TESTING PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SECTION

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CREATING A GRID FOR INTERNAL SPACES IN CONJUNCTION WITH LANDSCAPE

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THINKING THROUGH SKETCHING UNDERSTANDING INTERNAL SPACES

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TESTING REVIEW MIRO BOARD

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RETHINKING AND REFINING MASSING

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KEY PRECEDENTS

TESTING NEW IDEAS FOR PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT

After the testing review it was important to refine the interior spaces of the project. I started by approaching the programme design differently, researching how precedents created concentric programme’s with functional interior space.

The penguin pool ellipse is particularly thin and long so it was important to find perpendicular lines where possible to dictate wall locations, reducing harsh angles especially at the points, and allowing more usable space.

An ellipse has two focal points which can be used to bisect the edge and create a perpendicular line, i calculated these for the penguin pool and other ellipses in the concentric grid I created earlier in testing.

38° 30° CHEESE FACTORY Slash Architects, Figures.

Similarly to my scheme, Slash Architects use an ellipse to frame a key feature, in this instance a courtyard and tree. They make use of lines perpendicular to the exterior ellipse to create functional spaces, these large dividing walls also create inviting openings from the big to small ellipses, which is something I look to consider when developing an entrance sequence in my scheme.

THE CASSON PAVILLION Sir Hugh Casson

The casson pavillion is located just adjacent to Lubetkins Penguin Pool and is another example of a building working around a concentric geometry. By developing the programme in this way with perpendicular lines I can continue to make further reference to the Penguin pools context and surroundings.

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CALCULATING THE FOCAL POINTS OF THE PENGUIN POOL ELLIPSE AT DIFFERENT SCALES ALONG THE CONCENTRIC GRID Authors Original Work

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PRODUCING A PROGRAMME AROUND AN ELLIPSE TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO A DESIGN STRATEGY I tested the use of the focal points and perpendicular lines over my site plan on autocad. I highlighted a series of key walls which worked off points intersecting with the 30° angle s around the ellipse - referencing Lubetkins innovative concrete ramps and their offset to the penguin pool.

I started to arrange spaces around these key ‘walls’ within the ellipses. Each segment was clearly defined by the walls so I used them to create a distinct separation between public and private spaces, but ensuring both were accessible by the two key entrances from the North and South of the Building.

I started to consider the types of spaces that would be needed in the ‘Ecological research centre for Rewilding’, particularly in terms of how light would be accessed from below the landscape, and how the courtyards created to preserve trees could be influential in accessing this natural light.

USING FOCAL POINTS AND CONCENTRIC GRIDS TO FIND PERPENDICULAR LINES TO ARRANGE ARRANGE THE PROGRAMME AROUND Authors Original Work

TESTING A PROGRAMME ARRANGEMENT WITHIN THE LINES PERPENDICULAR TO ELLIPSE Authors Original Work

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DEVELOPING PROGRAMME THROUGH SKETCH Authors Original Work

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DEVELOPING VERTICAL RELATIONSHIPS AND FORM CONNECTING LEVELS AND ACCESSING LIGHT

I visualised the upper level of the building through sketches and looked at forming a connection between the ground floor and the roof level. I looked particularly at the lab space in the programme, where the most people would be and thought about the importance of also maintaining visual connection with the penguin pool throughout the building.

CONNECTING INTERNAL SPACES WITH LANDSCAPING ABOVE Authors Original Work

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DEVELOPING THE CONNECTION THROUGH SKETCH AND SECTION Authors Original Work

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REFINING AND REPRESENTING PROGRAMME

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KEY PRECEDENTS

TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO A DESIGN STRATEGY Understanding from the Testing review that I needed to represent the mass of my building more effectively in the plan drawings. I identified precedents that represented both topography and cuts through the earth clearly.

After further design development I applied these techniques to my plan drawingsa and produced a more refined programme.

The ground floor is separated into 3 key Segments, The public space (7 cafe and gallery), The Labs and communal research spaces (3) and commercial offices (6), separated by recreational space (4) where staff from the labs and offices and meet and collaborate.

THE RIPARIAN HOUSE Architecture Brio

This half submerged house uses black and white to show stark contrast between the hillside and where it is cut. Contours are clear and demonstrare clearly how the landform is without dominating the page or interupting the lines of thinner partition walls. I adapted this further in my representation, fading the lower contour lines, do show more distinction with the more complex forms

DEVELOPING ROOF PLAN AND PATHS ALONGSIDE GROUND FLOOR PROGRAMME

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TESTING GROUND FLOOR PLAN, REPRESENTING CUTS THROUGH EARTH AND LANDSCAPE CONTOURS

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PROGRAMME TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO A DESIGN STRATEGY I used models and precedents to visualise areas of my project which were not yet fully defined to give a better understanding of the space.

UNDERSTANDING THE FORM OF SUPERSTRUCTURE WITH REVIT MODEL Authors Original Work

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PROGRAMME LIST 1- Lubetkins Penguin Pool 2- Residency: 3- Labs (Testing): A- Communal double height work space B- Lab storage C- Testing labs D- Private workspace (booths), with views of courtyard 4- Welcome space/reception/ lunch space 5- Office storage 6- Offices: E-Private commercial office F- Communal office workspace 7- Public Gallery

8- North topography *Shallow gradient for public access* 9- Southern topography 10- Preserved views of the penguin pool for public.

11- Preserved Tree 12- Preserved artificial ‘lake’ 13- Light channels and fire escape routes. *See L23 House below for example* 14- Courtyards

L23 HOUSE Pitagoras group (visual example of how light channels no.13 work)

TESTING FIRST FLOOR PLAN, REPRESENTING CUTS THROUGH EARTH AND LANDSCAPE CONTOURS Authors Original Work

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MATERIALITY AND TECHNOLOGY

KEY PRECEDENTS

TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO A DESIGN STRATEGY As I started to think about the requirements of the technology module I looked to refine the earlier ideas I had for materiality and structure.

My design strategy emphasised the importance of concrete as a structural material, its durability being particularly important in a long-term project. The use of concrete also allows me to create forms which merge with the surrounding landscape, and the embodied carbon of the material is offset by its longevity.

I wanted to emphasise the building as a landform from within by having the structural concrete exposed, aiming to give the feeling that the voids are cut into the landscape. Th heavy use of concrete would be softened by timber details and partition walls, contrasting the concrete with a feeling of temporariness as if the accomodation is built into a pre-existing cave or landform.

I researched precedent which demonstrated this material experience, and analysed their technical detail as I started to consider the junctions I would need to research for my Integrated Construction 1:20 Section.

MATERIALITY PRECEDENTS, INCLUDING BEACHSIDE LIBRARY BY VECTOR ARCHITECTS Pinterest Board (see appendix)

I created a pinterest board to find examples of the materiality I was trying to portray in the scheme. I started to consider how the way the concrete is cast will also have a big impact on the materiality and how further connections can be made between the timber and concrete by casting the concrete in timber to intentionally leave imprints.

KCEV Peter Hajek

KCEV is a project with a lot of similarities to my scheme. A partially buried landform building with similar materiality. Although the use of timber in this precedent is quite bold and drowns out the concrete more than I would intend to, I was able to take influence in creating a structure with exposed concrete internally. KCEV was also a good precedent for a retaining wall detail, connected to a green roof.

UNDERSTANDING TECHNICAL JUNCTIONS THROUGH SKETCH OF KEY SECTION Authors Original Work

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INTEGRATED CONSTRUCTION 1:20 DEVELOPING A 1:20 TECHNICAL SECTION 3

For my 1:20 section I focused on the lab and research spaces.

I aimed to show the visual contact from the back to the front of the building, which would allow for uninterupted views of the penguin pool, with structural walls running parralell to the line of sight.

1

2

The key junctions include: - Retaining wall to roof - Skylight - Intermediate floor - Step down foundation - Partition wall

10

9 11 8

7 6 5

13

14

12

1 - PATH

Recycled glass aggregate, 100mm concrete slab, Gravel,

2 - DRAINAGE CHANNEL

Supported by concrete blockwork

3 - GREEN ROOF

Vegetation, Pre-cultivated turf mat, 160mm Substrate, Anti-slip system, 20mm gravel for drainage, Waterproof membrane (green) 110mm rigid insulation, 400mm Reinforced concrete cast in-situ flat slabs

4 - REINFORCED CONCRETE UPSTAND TO ROOFLIGHT 250mm wide concrete upstand, Rooflight frame with thermal break, 2300mm Rooflight,

5 - REINFORCED CONCRETE RETAINING WALL 250mm wide reinforced concrete, Construction join containing water bar (connecting wall to foundation)

110mm rigid insulation, Waterproof membrane, Geo-textile fabric, Gravel backfill, Drainage,

6 - POWER FLOATED CONCRETE FLOOR

Water services pipes adjacent to wall, Edge insulation, 60mm exposed screed surface finish containing underfloor heating,

200mm Power floated concrete floor slab, Damp proof membrane, 110mm rigid insulation, Damp proof membrane, FOUNDATION, 400mm concrete foundation with 1600mm toe to resist sliding forces, Waterproof membrane, Geo-textile fabric, 100mm gravel substrate,

7 - TIMBER STUD PARTITION WALL Timber panel finish, 12.5mm wallboard, Timber studs, Base plate, Concrete nails,

8- PARTITION WALL GLAZING

connecting to roof to allow for light access and visual connection with roof structure thorought building,

9 - CONCRETE COLUMN

300mm concrete column supported by step down goundation,

10 - CURTAIN WALL GLAZING

250mm Cantilevered concrete slab connecting to exterior walkway with thermal break,

12 - STEP DOWN FOUNDATION

25mm glazing, frame with thermal break,

Connectng differing level floor slabs and supporting columns, 400mm Concrete footing,

11- INTERMEDIATE FLOOR

13 - 1200mm HEIGHT RAILING

14 - TIMBER PANEL FINISH

Raised 100mm with LED strip lights fitted beneath

Timber panel finish, 20mm Acoustic insulation,

1:20 TECHNICAL SECTION Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

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INTEGRATED CONSTRUCTION HEASTING VENTILATION AND LIGHTING STRATEGY Being partially buried by artificial landscape, it was especially important for me to consider how light enters the building and how it can be maximised. It is also important to consider how this changes seasonally, and how the sun may also help aid the heating of the building due to the large thermal mass of the concrete walls and roof.

THERMAL MASS OF CONCRETE WALLS Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

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SUN PATHS Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

SUMMER DAY Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

SUMMER NIGHT Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

PREVAILING WIND Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

WINTER DAY Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

WINTER NIGHT Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

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INTEGRATED CONSTRUCTION Structural diagrams As part of the integrated constrcution module I explored the structure I had designed at a range of different scales. Considering connections, arrangement, and how the elements came together to form the mass of the building.

RETAINING WALL CONNECTION TO FOUNDATION Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

PLAN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURAL WALLS Authors Original Work

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PRIMARY SECONDARY AND TERTIARY STRUCTURAL AXO Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

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PROJECT THINKING THROUGH MAKING SEMESTER 2

Thinking through making project involved the detailed design of a small scale piece, around 1:1-1:10 scale related to the design proposal. Due to COVID-19 there was a broad range of digital as well as physical techniques that could be used to create the piece.

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PRECEDENTS AND INFLUENCES DESIGNING A BALUSTRADE Having designed a Landform building with a roof accessible to people, it is important for me to consider Balustrades, not only as a means of safety but also to test the impact on the exterior views of the roofscape.

I chose to look at Balustrades for my thinking through making project as by thinking them through carefully, I can represent them in an appealing way during the Project Synthesis without impacting on the overall quality of my scheme.

Mecanoo’s TU Delft Library, is another building that allows roof access and subsequently requires balustrades. The light delicate nature of the materials used helps disguise them, making them almost translucent from a distance. I considered how I could also take influence from the thin delicate columns of the Penguin pool, in producing a lightweight Balustrade that avoids dominating the exterior of the building.

Combining this with the ongoing theme of rewilding, I considered how the balustrade may be hidden/camoflauged by climbing plants or ivy. The use of tensioned steel between the delicate columns I looked to produce could facilitate the growth of these plants. I would also need to consider how this might lead to these plants growing over the edge of the roof, and what impact that may have on light, positively or negatively.

FIGURE 20 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL COLUMNS Londonist, Listed Buildings

FIGURE 21 - TU DELFT LIBRARY Mecanoo, Inhabitat

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FIGURE 22 - TENSIONED STEEL s3i Limited

FIGURE 23 - CLIMBING PLANTS LOM Typepad

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SKETCH DEVELOPMENT FORMING A CONCEPT INSPIRED BY THE PENGUIN POOL My first step was to sketch out my thinking. Keeping in mind the previous considerations, I also tried to consider the geometry of the pool while generating an ergonomic shape for the hand-rail.

I explored the idea of tilting the balustrade at a slight angle, reducing the visual direct visual impact on spaces below, but also keeping people further from the edge of the roof. This also maintainined the ability for plants to grow over the edge, which I started to imagine to be an effective way to influence light and create atmosphere in interior spaces. By tilting the top of the balustrade away from where the climbing plants would grow at the base, people treading on the plants whilst they are growing could be avoided, and the balustrade would be harder for an unsuspecting child to climb on.

RETAINING WALL CONNECTION TO FOUNDATION Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

PLAN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURAL WALLS Authors Original Work

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PRIMARY SECONDARY AND TERTIARY STRUCTURAL AXO Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

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REVIT MODEL PROCESS MAKING THINKING THROUGH MAKING PIECE IN REVIT I modelled my sketch ideas in revit. Testing new techniques to represent my ideas around the elliptical form of my building.

THINKING THROUGH MAKING BULSUSTRADE OUTPUT, THINKING THROUGH MAKING SO FAR...

After modelling the balustrade I played with the materials, trying to reflect the influence I took from the penguin pool itself. By painting steel in a weatherproof coating, I could make this connection, while having a material idea for achieving these delicate forms while remaining durable.

I tested how the Balusetrade would look in a technical section, and how it may attach to the concrete upstand of the roof. I also considered the use of a steel mesh grid which would allow the climbing plants to grow through without the risk of being trodden on or damaged by people, animals.

Having developed the design for the balustrade I can take this forwards into my Project synthesis and continue to develop it in later design work.

RETAINING WALL CONNECTION TO FOUNDATION Authors Original Work submitted as part of ARC3013 Integrated Construction

PLAN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURAL WALLS Authors Original Work

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PROJECT SYNTHESIS SEMESTER 2

After receiving feedback in tutorials on my revised massing proposal at the end of Project Framing, I started trying to transform my proposal and think more carefully about how the forms I was creating could manifest themselves into an actual building. I went through a lot of iterations trying to achieve this as best as possible, researching precedents helped visualise my intentions. At the testing review stage, I was yet to have a refined programme of internal spaces so this was my primary focus moving forwards. At this stage, I felt I had a good understanding of how I could transform the landscape in a contextual way, but I needed an effective way to apply this to the internal spaces. Increasing my understanding of ellipses and other buildings which have developed concentric programmes, was a big turning point in project testing, and I was able to start drafting ideas for a programme alongside the continued development of my landscape design, rather than focusing on one as I had been through the earlier stages. The integrated technology module was also very influential, focusing on a key space in detail gave me a good understanding of how the building would work as a whole which I found really significant as I moved into the project Synthesis.

PROVISIONAL GRADE AFTER REVIEW - A KEY SUGGESTIONS FROM REVIEW - Make some internal and external views for the project, including the penguin pool and representing the atmospheric and tectonic qualities of my proposal.

- Develop more sections and details in context - Consider in more detail atmosphere and materiality

NEW WORK SINCE REVIEW ADDRESSING SUGGESTIONS SHORT SECTION - pg.85 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL EXPERIENTIAL VIEWS pg 92-95

NEW WORK INDICATED BY -

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN AND REPRESENTATION FINAL GROUND FLOOR PLAN My final ground floor plan aims to showcase routes and circulation, through and around my building as well as the penguin pool. I created the drawing at a large scale to emphasise how the form of the building and the context inform eachother mutually.

One of the main developments from the testing phase is the entrance sequence on the North side, how it opens up to one of the main routes through London Zoo, and how it connects all users of the building.

The ground floor plan is the host of research and development for Rewilding at the ecological research centre. Scientists carry out research and experiments in labs, while cooporate meetings and schemes for new ‘Rewilding’ projects are planned and developed in offices.

Spaces are inhabited to show how each has a contrasting use, particularly between office spaces, labs, collaborative work spaces and the accomodation for the resident scientists. Furniture in all spaces follows the form of the ellipse and aims to frame the penguin pool or key courtyards which contain preserved trees and green space.

MUSEUM OF EPIDAURUS THESIS PROJECT Dimitris Christidis, Archisearch

Developing from the plan representation style I used in Project Testing, I looked to apply the same technical ideas but in a more atmospheric way. Overlaying trees and existing site features to create a grunge collage effect, relating back to the theme of rewilding I have express in all my synthesis imagery.

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FIRST FLOOR PLAN AND REPRESENTATION FINAL FIRST FLOOR PLAN The first floor is an educational space. Lectures, Seminars and talks are carried out, not only for research students but for members of the public who have an interest in involving themselves in community driven rewilding projects. There is visual connection between the Mezzanine floor and the collaborative work spaces below. Connecting people who make different uses of the building.

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ROOF PLAN AND REPRESENTATION FINAL ROOF PLAN The final roof plan incorporates all the themes and ideas explored during framings and testing phases. All preserved trees are clearly shown as well as routes bleow and over the landform building. The concentric geometry of the pool merges out from the core of the building into the context.

The intervention presents itself as a functional space whilst the zoo is still operating, but connects with surrounding green space in preparation for the uncertain future of the zoo, and as a result, the rewilding of Regents Park.

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* KEY SPACES SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN PLAN AND SECTION DRAWINGS Communal spaces in the plan look to frame the penguin pool not only in their form but through the arrangement of furniture in the spaces. The tree which Lubetkin carefully maintained in his orignal designs is framed by the offices and coorporate meeting spaces. Preserved initially by Lubetkin to enhance the experience of the pool for Penguins and visitors, the tree is preserved now to enhance the experience of clients visiting the ecological research centre.

DOUBLE HEIGHT COMMUNAL WORK SPACE

OFFICE AND MEETING SPACES ARRANGED AROUND ‘LUBETKINS TREE’ Showing also the cut line for section B

SECTION B

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EVOLUTION OF ROOF PLAN

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TESTING REVIEW MIRO BOARD

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TECHNICAL LONG SECTION CELEBRATION PIECE My Long Section develops the technical detail submitted as part of the integrated construction module I aimed to Demonstrate all the key ideas and themes of my project. Most significantly Lubetkins Penguin Pool, and how it is framed as the spectacle, with increasing success as the introduction of wildlife enhances Lubetkins intention to connect the pool with the surrounding natural landscape.

The Landform building reflects and frames the concentric geometry of the pool, and offers panoramic views from deep within the building itself, but gradually blends out into the natural contours of the site.

Key trees and pre-existing site features are maintained and allowed to grow as both people and animals enjoy and make use of the exterior spaces.

The background shows glimpses of the city but predominetely demonstrates the intervention as a central part of Regent Park’s enhanced claim to be the ‘Lungs of the city’.

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INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE LIGHT, MATERIALITY AND ATMOSPHERE

KEY PRECEDENTS

Both the key precedents that I researched prior to the production of my technical detail continued to have influence on my synthesis outputs.

I created an interior perspective to showcase the materiality but also demonstrate the different ways light can crate atmosphere in the partially buried space. As discussed during thinking through making the overgrown ivy from balustrades would have an impact on the light that enters, I demonstrated the effect using a torch and a plant against the wall, I then applied it to the natural light entering into the Interior perspective.

The rooflight also has a big impact and allows direct sunlight to enter at times of the day when it does not shine through the primary glazed wall.

By using hidden led’s in the timber details and partitions, light is shone across the surface of the vast concrete roof. The light reflects down and illuminates the space but also elevates the roof as an imposing feature within the space.

PRESERVATION? Kulabok labok aju han ek kupike le saket ulee ikey

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PRESERVATION? Kulabok labok aju han ek kupike le saket ulee ikey

PENGUIN POOL 2074 COLLAGE Kulabok labok aju han ek kupike le saket ulee ikey

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EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVE CELEBRATION PIECE 2 - VIEW FROM ONTOP OF THE ROOF Referencing back to the initial concept collage I created during project framing, I showcase my final scheme.

Lubetkins Penguin pool is preserved as a spectacle in itself, the ecological research centre not only provides a reflection of its concentric form, but allows people the opportunity to experience the pool in unity with its natural surroundings as Lubetkin initially intended.

The rewilding project has helped tranform the ecological climate of the UK, and the research centre as a microcosm of this has successfully manifested itself as a tool for change, shaping its context and visitors as it continues to grow.

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ILLUSTRATED CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY REFLECTION ON EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON STAGE 3 DESIGN PROJECT

INSPIRING CONCEPTS AND THEMES

AA school of Architecture’s accessible youtube lectures provide inspiration with a diverse series of topics related to the subject. This year my concept was heavily influenced by Stan Allen’s lecture on ‘Landform Building’. Allen’s talk led me to consider a long term approach to my project, seeing it primarily as an urban intervention rather than just a building.

The idea of creating a project without certainty of the role it will play long into the future.

AA SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE LECTURES Stan Allen Landform Building

TAICHUNG GATEWAY PARK Stan Allen

NUAS POSTER PAUL KARAKUSEVIC

DUJARDIN MEWS Paul Karakusevic, Karakusevic Carson Architects Website

I was particularly interested in attending Paul Karakusevic’s lecture with NUAS. Karakusevic’s ideas and attitude towards social housing were particularly interesting to me due to the links with my dissertation, in which I spoke about the effects of rapidly developing council housing in the 60’s and 70’s. The talk contributed to my pursuit of using Architecture as a tool for social and economic change, most significantly in the city my project is based.

While exploring the idea of transforming Regents park into a conservation over time I visited Wollaton park in Nottingham. I tried to look at the boundary between the spaces maintained for human use, and those left to grow and change along with the wildlife living within them.

PHOTOS FROM WOLLATON PARK VISIT

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PROCESS AND DRAWING INFLUENCES

INFLUENCE OF THEMATIC CASE STUDIES (GROUP B)

I regularly watch product designer Spencer Nugent’s ‘sketch a day videos’. Product design representation has had a big influence on my drawing style since school.

Nugent is a designer whose approach to process and putting ideas onto a page has been particularly useful and I find his methods successfully transferable into architectural design and representation.

The Architectural interventions showcased in the thematic case study presentations in semester 1, offered inspiration and guided my thinking around my own project.

Case study 1 - The key idea that stood out in the presentation on Joanneumsviertel was the integration with the ‘landscape’ and surrounding buildings. I also minimised the visual impact on the immediate context in my scheme, keeping the building below the Regents park treeline, desguising it from the outside and preserving a key quality of the park.

PROCESS SKETCHES FROM ‘SKETCH A DAY’ SERIES Spencer Nugent

Case study 2 - The Gerrit Rietveld academy makes uses glazing in internal spaces to create a visual connection and a collaberative environment for students within. This was an inspiration in the labs and collaborative work space of my project, visual relationship between 3 levels as well as views from the back of the building to the penguin pool.

The ‘napkin’ concept sketches of Renzo Piano have had an influence on how I try to approach my earliest ideas. Piano is showcases the concept somewhat diagramatically but successfully translates the character of his idea in an expressive way.

Case study 3 - Much like my scheme, the form of GMIT Furniture college was influenced significantly by the existing topography and site conditions. This was particularly influential during my iterative sketches in the testing phase.

CS1 - JOANNEUMSVIERTEL,GRAZ, AUSTRIA Nieto Sobejano

CS2 - GERRIT RIETVELD ACADEMY Paulienne Bremmer

Case study 4 - The work of Assemble architectes for the Granby four streets project set a great precedent for the representation of nature preservation and conservation. The collage-renders influenced the visuals I produced throughout the project of the penguin pool and my own project.

NAPKIN SKETCHES Renzo Piano

CS3 - GMIT FURNITURE COLLEGE

egents park would become a conservation for new wildlife and be allowed to grow and evolve itself over time in line with the needs of society, avoiding obsoletion while preserving its historical foundations as ‘the lungs of the city’.

COLLAGE OF DOODLES FROM SKETCHBOOK Authors original work P ag e 98 | Academ ic Po rtfo lio

CONCEPT AND PROCESS SKETCHES Authors original work, project framing

CS4 - GRANBY FOUR STREETS PROJECT Assemble

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INFLUENCE OF THEMATIC CASE STUDIES

Case study 5 - The layered preservation visable in the Fondaco dei Tedeschi is reminicent of what I tried to produce with the penguin pool. Preserving the character of the past but making a spectacle out of the new developments and changes over time.

Case study 6 - Sharing a studio with the group researching Port house, meant the presentation had strong links to theme of experimental preservation which was a focal point of my own scheme. Zaha Hadid’s bold intervention set a precedent for how to approach experimental preservation, respecting the original building.

Case study 7 - I have researched Grafton Architects in the past and this themeatic case study presentation enhanced my appreciation of the way their is often a very clear connection between a very simple concept sketch and the bold and often imposting nature of the final building they produce. This is a skill I have tried to demonstrate this year especially and will continue to develop in the year, finding ways to deliver an adventurous project, maintaining the qualities from the initial sketch.

CS5 - FONDACO DEI TEDESCHI DFS

CS6 - PORT HOUSE Zaha Hadid

Case study 8 - Agrocite is a very tactile project, material focused and driven by the technical aspects of the building.

The scheme represents a similar morale stance to the ‘rewilding’ scheme, regenerating an urban area in the same way I invisioned for the future of my project.

The way this was these ideas were represented set a precedent which was particularly useful in the integrated construction module.

Thematic Case Study Board: https:// miro.com/app/board/o9J_lb_FJwc=/ CS7 - THE PAUL MARSHALL BUILDING Grafton Architects

CS8 - Agrocite

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PROJECT THEMATIC CASE STUDY SEMESTER 1

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LIST OF FIGURES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

IMAGE REFERENCES

REFERENCES AND CITATIONS FIGURE 1 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL - World Architecture, 2019, [online], Available at: https://worldarchitecture.org/article-links/epvhc/berthold_lubetkins_poetic_penguin_pool_may_be_demolished_at_london_zoo.html [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 15 - 1833 MAP OF REGENTS PARK, Wikimedia, 2009, [online], https://

FIGURE 2 -PRESERVATION? - The architects newspaper, 2019, [online], Available at: https://www.archpaper.com/2019/01/london-penguin-pool-berthold-lubetkin/ [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 16 - ‘LUNGS OF THE CITY’ TODAY - Architectural digest, 2016, [online], https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/aerial-photographs-of-gardens [Accessed

FIGURE 3 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL MODEL - The Architects Journal, 2014, [online], Available at: https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/winners-of-aj-writingprize-2014-revealed [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 17 - PENGUIN BEACH - Zoological society of London, n/d, [online], Available at: https://www.zsl.org/zsl-london-zoo/venues-at-zsl-london-zoo/penguin-beach [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 4 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL, 1934 - *See figure 2 (architects newspaper)*

FIGURE 18 - REWILDING UK - 2021, Our Manifesto for Rewilding. [online] Available at: https://www.rewildingbritain.org.uk/about-us/manifesto [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 5 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL, TODAY -Explorabilia, n/d, [online], Available at: https://explorabilia.co.uk/spaces/modernism/the-penguin-pool-london-zoo/ [Accessed 30th May 2021] FIGURE 6 - *See figure 2 (architects newspaper)*

commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Regent%27s_Park_London_from_1833_Schmollinger_map.jpg [Accessed 30th May 2021]

30th May 2021]

FIGURE 19 - EXAMPLE OF REWILDING - Food Fitness Flora, 2020, [online], Available at: https://foodfitnessflora.blog/2020/07/27/rewilding-what-whyand-how/ [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 8 - *See figure 2 (architects newspaper)*

FIGURE 20 - LUBETKINS PENGUIN POOL COLUMNS - Listed Buildings and Archirecture at London Zoo, n/d, [online], Available at: https://londonist. com/2015/07/listed-buildings-and-architecture-at-london-zoo [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 9 - REPRESENTATION PRECEDENT - Christidis Dimitridis, 2021, Archisearch, [online], Available at: https://www.archisearch.gr/student-works/ new-archaeological-museum-of-epidaurus-thesis-galetakis-christidis-politis/ [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 21 - TU DELFT LIBRARY - Mecanoo, Mecanoo’s TU Delft Library Crowned With a Massive Green Roof, inhabitat, [online], Available at: https:// inhabitat.com/mecanoos-tu-delft-library-crowned-with-a-massive-greenroof/ [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 10 - REGIONAL LOCATION - Google Earth, n/d, [online], Available at: https://www.google.co.uk/intl/en_uk/earth/ [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 22 - TENSIONED STEEL - S3i Limited, Pinterest [online], Available at: https://www.pinterest.fr/pin/459930180702797862/ [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 11 - CITYWIDE LOCATION - *See figure (google earth)*

FIGURE 23 - CLIMBING PLANTS - LOM Typepad [online], Available at: https:// leaderofmen.typepad.com/leader_of_men/2009/04/now-im-going-to-disneyland.html [Accessed 30th May 2021]

FIGURE 7 - *See figure 5 (explorabilia)*

FIGURE 12 - THE SPECTACLE - Architecture History, 1934, [online], Available at: http://architecture-history.org/architects/architects/LUBETKIN/OBJ/1934,%20London%20

Zoo,%20the%20gorilla%20house%20and%20a%20penguin%20pool,%20London,%20UK.html

[Accessed 30th May 2021]

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