Tessa Lewes Portfolio by PDF Uploads

TESSA ELIZABETH LEWES

Stage 3 Architectural Portfolio Curating the City - 2021

CONTENTS. Acknowledgments I would like to thank my tutors, Neil Burford, Jianfei Zhu and Andrew Ballantyne, who have guided me through Stage 3 with their expert advice and critique. I am very grateful to have been part of the 2020/2021 Curating the City studio. Illustrated Reflective Diary 7 The Sanctuary Tessa Elizabeth Lewes 180278189 Stage 3 Architectural Portfolio Curating The City School of Architecture Planning and Landscape Newcastle University 2020-21

Key for Amended Work:

Regular Portfolio Pages:

Amended Portfolio Pages

Project Framing 11

Project Testing

Synthesis 88

Illustrated Cultural Bibliography 120

Thematic Case Study

List of Illustrations & References 138

Appendix 144

126

C U R AT I N G

THE

CITY

Embodied Reading and Progressive Conservation for the Saltaire Heritage Site

Studio Focus

esearch led design with focus on the past and present, understanding ‘curation’ as a key concept and method to address both history and our modern day perspective. The task of curation can be acknowledged as curating our seeing, reading, knowing, interacting, contributing and promoting values of Saltaire.

“

Studio Brief Develop a way of curating the site by contributing a design intervention with creative ideas and perceptive studies and certain theorized agenda” Programme: Interpretation (visitors) centre and public facility: 1500 sq.m Studio Themes Visuality Memory Eco Assemblage Urban Form

Line of Enquiry Exploring how a 21st Century Architectural Intervention can curate and honour the Intangible Heritage of Saltaire. Proposed Scheme The Sanctuary

(wellness centre)

S A LTA I R E V I L L A G E UNESCO World Heritage Site

Reflective Report.

River Aire

Leeds & Liverpool Canal

Salts Mill

Saltaire Railway Station Saltaire Residential Area

“

Stay At Home

“

Roberts Park

tage 3 has been the most unpredictable journey of my experience at Newcastle University School of Architecture. In the interests of global health, our experience on this creative course has been restricted by conditions out of our hands and it feels strange to acknowledge that I have completed the final year of my degree from the comfort of my own home. Although we have consistently studied the specific design of space for 3 years, I feel I have managed to live, work and rest within the same 4 walls throughout this period of remote working, and I will never again take for granted the design and existence of varied public space. Without the culture of lectures, studios and the workshop I have certainly faced challenges along the way however the learning experience has still been thoroughly fulfilling.

Texts informing ARC3013

‘C

urating The City’ intrigued me as a studio due to its literature and research based approach to analysis which I was correct to think would provide a deeper and more meaningful approach to design. Although difficult in the beginning, it was an enjoyable task to transpose the ideas that sprung from written commentaries into conceptual visual presentation. Critical texts were complex to understand however undergoing this analytical process has improved by critical thinking towards concepts that go unquestioned such as preserving heritage. Framing was a chance to uncover the historic depth of Saltaire and its pioneer Titus Salt. To achieve a rich understanding of this context, site analysis was subdivided into 4 groups of study: visuality, urban form, eco-assemblage and memory & critical heritage.

rchitectural theory was further investigated through the ARC3013 module which came in the early stages of Design Testing. Here I looked into deep ecology and Timothy Morton’s Ecological Thought. Studying these theories and understanding their importance has since underpinned many of my design decisions throughout the testing phase. In a new frame of mind of what sustainable design truly meant I began to view the river on the chosen site differently with an aim to create architecture for a collective ecosystem of people, the river and surrounding wildlife. This new drive for sustainability determined material and landscaping design decisions. I think The Ecological Thought is an idea I will always consider in the design process from now on as truly sustainable architecture of the future will need to adopt this attitude and let go of the Anthropocene.

Group Analysis

tudies in memory and critical heritage was what sparked my interest in determining my programme proposal and subsequent site declaration. Critical reading brought to light in my mind the concept of intangible heritage and how that might be so easily overlooked but potentially preserved through a design proposal.

he ARC3014 Professional Practice Module was an opportunity to consider how this project might sit in the real world of the architectural profession. I found the key characteristic of the site was the river’s capacity to flood and this report opened my eyes to flood risk management and the layers of legislation that are needed to grant planning for such a building design. Acknowledging the need for a suitable drainage system inspired me to consider functional design detail in depth and the ARC3015 Technology Report was the perfect opportunity to carry out this research.

alt’s ambition was to improve the welfare of his workers in pioneering the industrial village of Saltaire. My proposal considers how this 18th Century intangible heritage might be translated into a more cosmopolitan 21st Century manifestation of wellbeing focussed facilities in Saltaire. In an era where the value of maintaining good mental health is understood, a wellness centre grounded my programme proposal. I think if the knowledge had been available in the Victorian period, Salt would have been an advocate for mental as well as physical wellbeing, and this would be at the forefront of facilities in his model village. The critical research which grounded my proposal was a new method of site analysis for me and has opened my mind to the world of analytical theory behind architecture.

Literature & embodied reading

Programme Proposal

nvestigation for this report was an opportunity to scrutinise parts of my design which didn’t ‘work’ and rearrange the design of plans, structure and façade to meet the relevant requirements. For example, the numeric detail of fire escape routes was brought to the forefront of my mind where previously it would have been a vague afterthought. The technical section was an opportunity to synthesise my ideas for design details in a functional proposal. Producing this drawing was an iterative and major learning experience as I had to question the design and placement of every minor detail. I built a technical model from home in order to investigate my proposed drainage system, which was difficult without the facilities and materials of the apl workshop however this became crucial in representing an experiential design decision in the synthesis process.

ARC3015 Technical Model

I S

ynthesis was a chance to focus on the visual presentation of my project after a lengthy process figuring out what was socially, technically and ethically feasible in previous modules. Whilst the testing process had mainly involved sketching, diagramming and modelling, I developed skills to use modelling software to its potential in synthesis. I decided to use outlines from software as a canvas to draw over to produce celebration pieces of work, which I found a very enjoyable process as I felt in more control over a well-considered visual outcome than a computer render may have been. Considering the architectural profession I think hand drawings can still be very effective in portraying a design scheme and I hope I have achieved this in my own celebration drawings.

Celebration hand rendered section

FRAMING.

Pro j e c t

he framing stage was fundamental in building a brief for the entire graduation project. By deeply investigating the World Heritage Site and deriving a concept that rigorously responded to its context, I was able to begin designing tangible ideas in 3 Dimensions and ultimately propose a scheme.

he theme of Memory & Critical Heritage was key to beginning a design narrative as I was encouraged to think critically about both the prosperous and unsuccessful layers of heritage in Saltaire. This outlined a problem which this project has aimed to solve through contribution of architectural intervention. Reading and questioning critical texts discussing the loss of intangible heritage in sites such as Saltaire became the backbone of my line of enquiry which ultimately informed by programme decision. The theme Eco assemblage was similarly important in laying the foundation for choosing the site of interest and curating a sustainable design approach. An aim to bring back characteristics of the utopia discovered in Patrick Geddes Garden City pioneered my choice of a rural site in Saltaire. I have enjoyed the learning curve of using scholarly literature to underpin my line of enquiry and I have noticed a depth in my critical thinking towards every subsequent design decision in this project. Moving forwards I’m sure my approach to architecture will become more deeply grounded in the historic genius of theory based research and site analysis.

ARC3015 Technical Section

S Map

altaire takes its name from its founder, Sir Titus Salt (1803-1876) and the River Aire that runs through the village. A pioneer in manufacturing fine alpaca fabrics, Salt made his fortune in the Bradford textile industry. Determined to escape the polluted and overcrowded city centre for a better way of life, Salt relocated his business and employees to his newly constructed model village.

The Story of Saltaire

hilanthropy P&

a Model Village

Construction began in 1851 and continued until 1876, a masterplan designed by local architects Henry Lockwood and Richard Mawson. Inspired by Italian Renaissance, the village was of high quality classical style from fine works such as the Saltaire United Reformed Church to even residential housing. Salt hoped that these typical workers cottages would provide his workforce with a healthier, happier and more productive quality of life, in conjunction with the breadth of excellent community facilities. Salt’s Victorian philanthropy can also be seen where he donated his wealth to local and national causes. Free Almshouses were provided to the elderly and sick in Saltaire, and he pioneered the concept of a state pension. By the 1980’s the British textile industry had declined and production scaled back, causing Salts Mill to close in 1986. Another opportunist, Jonathan Silver, bought the Mill within months and opened an art gallery exhibiting the work of Bradford-born artist David Hockney. During the 1990’s the Mill was gradually re-filled with small local businesses and shops.

Ill. 1.1: Digimap Historic Roam Saltaire WHS Boundary, Shipley, Bradford 12

Ill. 1.2: Sir Titus Salt

Ill. 1.3: Salt’s Mill

Saltaire was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2001 after recognition for its international influence on town planning and as a pioneer ‘model village’. Extensive investment has been made by Bradford Council to continue restoring, repairing and revitalising the heritage of the buildings and landscape of Saltaire. - Visit Bradford 13

S A L T A I R E 3/12/20

Salt’s Mill

Salts Mill

David Hockney Gallery: Salts Mill

Saltaire School

Victoria Hall

Victoria Road

S A L T A I R E 3/12/20

Roberts Park & The River Aire

Salts Cricket Club &The River Aire

Liverpool Canal Path

Salts Tennis Club

Local Residence

Thematic Site Analysis The Urban Form of Saltaire

Building Development in Saltaire Village 1851- 71

alt’s interest in health and wellbeing of his community can be recognised in the historic building development. The community incentives that Salt provided demonstrate his incentive to create a town that nurtures the health and wellbeing of the people.

Adjusted Group Work Addition

1851-54 - Mill & Dining Hall The Dining Hall was built alongisde the Mill to provide travelling workers with affordable meals.

1854-63 - Victoria Road, Gridiron Housing, Train Station, Congregational Church, Bath House Residential housing was then built on a gridiron layout which was efficient in terms of land-use planning and complied with the latest recommendations on healthy urban design. The overall layout of the urban form is an antithesis to Bradford’s physical and environmental chaos at the time.

III

1868-71 - New Mill, Hospital, The Institute/ Victoria Hall, School, Almshouses, Methodist Chapel Salt then provided his residents with public amenities to improve their quality of life. This would make them healthier, stronger, spiritual, educated and community focussed.

The evolution of Saltaire: a historic timeline of urban development Group Work Addition

Thematic Site Analysis The Urban Form of Saltaire Wider context building development 1850- 1990 The inundation of residential neighbourhoods as the appeal of a rural town/ garden city attracts settlers.

1850’s

1890’s

1900’s

1950’s

1960’s

1980’s

1930’s

1990’s

• • • •

Thematic Site Analysis: Saltaire Saltaire’s Eco-Assemblage

Shipley; the town that surrounds Saltaire. The expanding neighbourhood limits the possibility of an immediate green belt.

Valley section

conurbation City

City

Village

City

(Financial)

(Manufacturing)

(Residential)

(Financial)

Manchester

Bradford

The 74ft Valley Section 346ft a large city known for its system of canals

central location between two large citys

Group Work Addition

Saltaire

Leeds

272ft

108ft

close to bradford with a nice setting

very well connected to london and manchester

Baildon; the neighbouring town which due to appendix 7 and in order to protect the WHS, cannot expand into the backdrop of greenery. This distant land maintains the sense of a garden city.

Six broad main avenues would radiate from this centre. Concentric to this urban core would be a residential area, and then, at the outer edge, industry. Traffic would move along avenues extending along the radii and concentric boulevards. During his lifetime Letchworth, Brentham Garden Suburb and Welwyn Garden City were built in or near London according to Howard’s concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world.

Aims • Improve the quality of urban life, which had become marred by overcrowding and congestion due to uncontrolled growth since the Industrial Revolution. • Address the related problems of rural depopulation and the runaway growth of towns and cities • Capture the primary benefits of a countryside environment and a city environment while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both.

ocial and eco assemblage : A concept that focusses on settlement production using local produce, consumption and production in its natural region.

Like garden city plans, Saltaire contains gardens, residence, industry, agriculture and a surrounding green belt. These were self contained communities in the countryside, an ideal constructed by Patrick Gedes who aimed to house those living in overpopulated cities and suffering from the consequences. The aim of the garden city was to improve quality of urban life by utilising green belts, reduce overcrowding, congestion and uncontrolled growth and to capture the benefits of the countryside Saltaire identity has become defined as a part of Shipley; expansion lies immediately beyond the WHS boundary, and within its historic green belt. A future aim should prevent further expansion of housing so close to the line, and instead look for ways to improve the area for those already living there. The Buffer Zone is a boundary that protects the immediate setting, rural backdrops and important distant views to and from Saltaire. Ill 1.6: Patrick Geddes framework and justification of the Garden City concept.

Ill. 1.4

• Geddes developed Le Playʼs notion of the ʻvalley sectionʼ, into a schematic

representation thatrepresents suggested aa hierarchy of of human settlements - The valley section hierarchyofofforms forms human settlefromfrom croft,croft, to village, to market town totocity. ments to village, to market, town city. - It cuts through a valley to indicate different forms of human produc• It cut a valley to indicate different forms of human production tion andthrough consumption. and consumption - Livlihoods and occupations were adapted to different environmental conditions Livelihoods and occupations wereand adapted to different environmental -• This integration of settlements modes of production and conconditions sumption into the context and conditions of their natural region (roughly decided by the local watershed) formed the conceptual basis • This integration of settlements and modes of production and of bioregionalism. consumption into the context and conditions of their natural region,

Ill. 1.5 : Buffer Zone, Appendix 7

Group Work Addition

roughly delineated by the local watershed, later formed the conceptual

basis of bioregionalism.

Thematic Site Analysis: Saltaire

Visuality: Analysing the City as a gallery

2014

2016

2015

The representation of Saltaire in the Visual

The representation of Saltaire inReview the media - The Saltaire Review media: The Saltaire

2017

2014

Newer issues have a larger focus on culture, arts, craft and music and a

lesser focus on the ‘tourist attractions’ of Saltaire. that people In magazines it can be recognised Tourists would be less inclined to visit Saltaire just to visit the Salts are more and more visiting Saltaire to experiMill, church, Victoria Hall and more to experience events held there. Highlights theculture, start of regeneration and a change the visual ence art and as opposed to invisit the promotions of the city. World Heritage Site as a tourist attraction. There has evidently been a shift in the visual promotion of the city. This can be translated as a shift in thevalues that Saltaire is grounded in and how it wishes to be percieved. Promoting this type of less literal historic context provides a versatile and more interactive attraction.

The Experience of the Tourist Gaze A visual blend of neutral colours throughout a key section of Victoria Road: a protected street in Appendix 7. The original materiality has been well maintained in balance with the surrounding greenery. In order to blend in with this seamless vision of heritage buildings, future may continue 2014 architectural intervention 2016 2015 this muted colour scheme to meet its context of the city as a continuous gallery.

https://www.visitbradford.com/saltaire.aspx

2017

2018

2019

2016

2015

Media plays an important role in controlling and developing tourism. The way Saltaire is promoted visually would influence the expectations of toursists before arrival, and tailor their experience to visit what they ‘should’ be visiting in relation to what the media presents.

2017

https://issuu.com/

Advertisement of facilities in Saltaire: Attractions are available and aimed at local residents as well as tourists: a local facility would be a beneficial scheme.

https://issuu.com/

Ill. 1.7: Saltaire Review

Social Media perspectives

The representation of Saltaire in the mediaSaltaire - TheUnited Saltaire Review Refomed Church

https://issuu.com/

Salts Mill

Newer issues have a larger focus on culture, arts, craft and music and a lesser focus on the ‘tourist attractions’ of Saltaire. Tourists would be less inclined to visit Saltaire just to visit the Salts Mill, church, Victoria Hall and more to experience events held there. Highlights the start of regeneration and a change in the visual promotions of the city. Art work of locals shows different perspectives to other artists and to the perspectives presented in media publications. As a tourist you see what you are ‘supposed’ to see as directed by the media in foreshadowing experctations. Locals look beyond this prescribed view.

https://saltairevillage.info/images.html Clare Caulfield Illustrations

The images documented on social media highlight the perspectives that people view. The Salts Mill is heavily represented through arts and culture, however the church is still represented by tourists exactly how it’s represented in media. Social Media perspectives

https://dare2go.com/saltaire-world-heritage-three-visionary-men/

Saltaire United Refomed Church

https://www.visitbradford.com/saltaire.aspx

2019

https://saltairevillage.info/images_Dan_Bailey.html Dan Bailey - Local Photographer

Social Media perspectives

https://crafternoontreats.com/david-hockney-gallery-salts-mill-saltaire/ David Hockney Art

2018

https://saltairedaily.blogspot.com/ Jenny Freckles - Local Photographer

Vision, Moments, and Gaze at key architecturThemoments representationin of Saltaire in the media - The Saltaire Review al Saltaire Newer issues have a larger focus on culture, arts, craft and music and a

2019

https://crafternoontreats.com/david-hockney-gallery-salts-mill-saltaire/ David Hockney Art

https://saltairevillage.info/images.html Nick Tankard Illustrations

Greenery vegetation up a significant lesser focus onand the ‘tourist attractions’makes of Saltaire. Tourists would be less inclined to visit Saltaire just to visit the Salts part of the site boundary, intervening with most Mill, church, Victoria Hall and more to experience events held there. Highlights the start of regeneration a change per in theday; visual a views. The gardens have 3000andvisitors promotions of the city. key visual attraction. The well preserved heritage buildings are still an attractive focus but their beauty is certainly heightened by their surrounding ecology and green context. In order to celebrate this context, further architectural intervention may blend into its environment as less of a focus but a compliment.

2018

Salts Mill

https://crafternoontreats.com/david-hockney-gallery-salts-mill-saltaire/ David Hockney Art

Saltaire United Refomed Church

https://www.visitbradford.com/saltaire.aspx

Group Work Addition

Signage to key facilities: Everything is localised in the village and accesible on foot. A new building should be accessed using this network of footpaths to fit into its context.

Salts Mill

https://saltairedaily.blogspot.com/ Jenny Freckles - Local Photographer Art work of locals shows different perspectives to other artists and to the perspectives presented in media publications. As a tourist you see what you are ‘supposed’ to see as directed by the media in foreshadowing experctations. Locals look beyond this prescribed view.

https://saltairedaily.blogspot.com/ Jenny Freckles - Local Photographer

https://saltairevillage.info/images.html Nick Tankard Illustrations

https://saltairevillage.info/images.html Clare Caulfield Illustrations

Art work of locals shows different perspectives to other artists and to the perspectives presented in media publications. As a tourist you see what you are ‘supposed’ to see as directed by the media in foreshadowing experctations. Locals look beyond this prescribed view. https://saltairevillage.info/images.html Nick Tankard Illustrations

https://saltairevillage.info/images.html Clare Caulfield Illustrations

https://saltairevillage.info/images_Dan_Bailey.html Dan Bailey - Local Photographer https://saltairevillage.info/images_Dan_Bailey.html Dan Bailey - Local Photographer

https://dare2go.com/saltaire-world-heritage-three-visionary-men/ https://dare2go.com/saltaire-world-heritage-three-visionary-men/

Thematic Site Analysis Memory & Critical Heritage

efining heritage:

- English Heritage Conservation: ‘the process of managing change to a significant place in its setting in ways that will best sustain its heritage values, while recognising opportunities to reveal or reinforce those values for present and future generations’. - Heritage is a cultural asset, as well as a social and political instrument for redefining our cultures. It should be evaluated and critically interpreted by new generations.

rogressive conservation:

Tim Winter proposes the idea that heritage is a series of connections between the human and non-human, past and present. Progressive conservation emphasises that our approach must look towards the future and serves a more pluralist and global society which preserves beyond aesthetics but also theory, research, social, political and cultural meaning.

altaire’s solutions to critical heritage:

Group Work Maps

- Rebirth of the Mill in the 1980s into a museum and gallery. - Protecting the site with a buffer zone - Listing key buildings - Offers some cultural events in Victoria Hall: Day of Dance, Saltaire Live, also an annual festival of activities, exhibition and workshops that celebrates the cultural and industrial history of Saltaire.

ritical heritage:

It should be a positive enabler for the complex challenges that face us today, including cultural and environmental sustainability, economic inequalities, social cohesion and the future of cities. It must be recognised that there are challenges and benefits to the safeguarding and preservation of heritage itself.

Group Work Maps

The Whole Site | Street Life

Salts Mill | Visual Arts

Victoria Hall | Dance and Music

To celebrate Saltaire's heritage, locals organise an annual festival to turn this part of the Bradford district into a tourist attraction. Activities - History Trail 'Shoppers in Saltaire are being urged to turn history detectives to help uncover the stories behind shops in the world heritage site.' Exhibitions - 'An exhibition of fashion inspired by historic Yorkshire clothing and Bradford’s textile heritage has opened at Salts Mill...' Workshops - 'Fern Place BD18 4HB: A History of Gin. A talk of around 45 minutes linking the creation of gin to its popularity today.'

The industrial production purpose of Salt’s mill has been repurposed as a space for cultural consumption through contemporary art. The original layout of the mill was preserved as much as possible as its vast open space suited the spatial quality of an art gallery, which has been exhibiting the works of Bradford-born artist David Hockney since 1987.

Day of Dance - An annual fundraising event for Yorkshire CND. The ever-popular community event features over 30 types of dances over four timeslots throughout the day, with modern crazes paired up with some timeless classics. Saltaire Live - Since its emergence, it has allowed Saltaire to be a major folk music venue. It took place back in 2003, and over the years many of the top folk bands, particularly those of the Celtic variety, have appeared at Victoria Hall, including Bellowhead, Dervish, Show of Hands, and Altan.

altaire’s Threats and Issues:

- Specific buildings and areas threaten the history and atmosphere of the site due to poor physical preservation: river aire, Leeds-Liverpool canal, houses. - Preserving the intangibles of space has been forgotten, such as the spirit, atmosphere, social values and history, as opposed to the tangible architecture. - We are in a crisis of accumulation of memory in a world of heritagisation, our minds are saturated with memories. Saltaire village potentially lacks greater purpose and ambition as it’s management is lazy and without improvement.

Map 1 | Buildings / Spaces that follow the progressive conservation theory

Appendix 7 | Figure 13 'The immediate surroundings of the World Heritage Site contribute significantly to its visual setting, its ambience and character. The immediate setting has been analysed and divided into a series of zones with distinctive land-use types and building forms shown in Figure 13.'

Map 2 | Buildings / Spaces that need more work to achieve the Progressive Conservation theory

Disparity Potential harm of modern development- Appendix 7, out of the 11 surrounding zones of Saltaire, 7 have problems that degrade the site’s setting. Most of this is characterised by modern developments that do not respect the site’s fabric.

Thematic Site Analysis Memory & Critical Heritage Four potential routes for the future of Saltaire’s Heritage

1. Embracing the textile heritage

3. Forget the textile heritage; Saltaire will adapt to the changing world

2. Using the arts to establish a newheritage for Saltaire

4. Harmonisation between the past, present and future

Responding to a world of heritagisation and accumulation of memory. A future intervention might be repatriating materials back to the community, turning the village back into a modernised, working village: it only encompasses our modern values if it serves the purpose for which is was designed. Being used mainly as a tourist destination it is being used instrumentally. Conceptual future intervention for Salts Mill

28 Group Work Addition

New Facility Specification

Analysis Conclusions

Thematic Site Analysis Conclusions

Me m o r y

E co a s s e m b l a g e

Vi s u a l i t y

- Intangible history and social values that the village was built upon have been forgotten. - The heritage of Salts ambition for welfare of his community is overlooked in the 21st Century. - The higher purpose and goal of Saltaire has been lost as a tourist attraction. - A critical heritage approach calls for a harmonisation between the past, present and future.

- The environment of Saltaire, its resemblence to a garden city and its green belt must be preserved. - The bioregionalism approach utilises the assets of the immediate environment for a sustainable community lifestyle. - Planning of Saltaire village is well-considered with little air polution aided by the tall chimney and prevailing wind blowing away exhaust from the mills.

- Visual representation of Saltaire is changing in the media: intangible heritage is more apparently advertised but this focuses on the arts as opposed to the welfare culture. - Saltaire is being recognised more and more as an attraction because of it’s gardens and natural environment, as opposed to the mill museum and galleries.

- Saltaire has been expanding exponentially since its construction. It has become a desireable place for housing developments which have spread into the wider context of the green belt whilst the original village remains untouched. - New developments have called for transportation links and new roads have increased traffic and noise pollution in the area.

- Remembers the intangible heritage of community focussed welfare which was a focus of Titus Salt’s ambition upon building the village. - Respects the social context of the village and avoids using it as an object of instrumental reason. Moves away from the name of a tourist attraction and back towards a facility built in a village made to benefit the local community. - A new forward thinking and exciting facility that aims to bring back the vibrant local community that once occuppied Saltaire.

- Opportunity to embrace Patrick Geddes understanding of the importance of nature amongst communties and its possibilities to heal and provide what we need for a healthy mind and spirit. - Act as modern extension as opposed to hindrance of the garden city. - A community facility that prevents further expansion of residential accomodation and destruction of the green belt. - A programme where energy consumption must reflect and respect the environment.

- Saltaire resembles views of an industrial utopia in its physical heritage. A centre focussed on improving human wellness and social connectivity could provide a civil utopian layer to the village. - The programme should aim to frame and enhance as opposed to hinder existing views of greenery and heritage architecture. It should not present an eye-sore that is visible from all angles of the village which competes and overpowers the 18th Century buildings.

- Must cater for the existing huge domestic population in the immediate and surrounding area. - In order to stand out as a new, innovative facility that doesn’t get lost amongst the many housing developments, it could be beneficially located on a site away from existing buildings, away from noise pollution. - Accessible on foot from the housing developments, on a site connected to local footpaths.

Urban Context

nalysis has revealed the potential for a new public facility focussed on improving community quality of life and representing the social values of Saltaire’s intangible heritage. Existing health and wellbeing community facilities and opportunities include:

Skate-park

Roberts Park Gardens

Riverside trail walk

Football Pitch

Tennis Courts & Boule Green

Canoe & Kayak Club The Old Boathouse pub Fishing

Cricket Club

Saltaire Village WHS Site Boundary, Shipley

Village Site Analysis

Built Environment

Valley Topography

Site of Interest

Access to Saltaire: Areas of traffic and noise

Group Site Model

Key Views to respect in Saltaire

Site of Interest

PROGRAMME PROPOSAL.

W H AT I S M I N D F U L N E S S ?

EANING

e all know physical exercise supports physical health and there is a growing recognition that psychological therapies like cognitive-behavioural and mindfulness-based therapies can support our mental health. They are becoming more and more accessible in health services, schools and workplaces around the world. Mindfulness is a natural capacity we all have to pay attention, without judgment to the present moment. It is rooted in ancient wisdom and practices. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy combines this ancient wisdom with cognitive behavioural methods developed in modern psychological science. When ancient wisdom and modern psychology come together they are no longer a set of ideas or practices but an illumination that guides us to be more present in our lives, with ourselves and with others, with clarity, kindness and ease.

- A place to heal and rehabilitate mental health. - A facility to reconnect the mind and body and combat strains on mental wellbeing such as stress and anxiety. - Introducing and promoting peace and spirituality, mindfulness and meditation to the community. - This unconventional retreat uncovers a depth of wellness beyond spa facilities, it is more of a mind and spirit detox.

F J

OCUS - Working with, not against, the grain of the existing urban fabric. - Reconnecting and understanding the natural world - Feng Shui and Hygge architectural thematic influence.

USTIFICATION

- A modern adaptation of Salt’s health and wellbeing focus, our 21st Century outlook places mental health on par with physical health in terms of importance. - This would help Saltaire blossom and grow into a historic heritage village with modern values, in a world where prioritising mental health is promoted. - In harmony with nature, this won’t be an energy consumptive complex, but a self sufficient one.

THE SANCTUARY SALTAIRE

XPERIENCE

- Begin with healthy body, found in facilities across site 3, then understand methodologies for a healthy mind. The complex will potentially provide a small facility for physical rehabilitation before moving towards emotional rehab throughout the rest of the programme - Sensual experience - Non invasive treatments to heal and benefit the mind and spirit.

mind

body

spirit

Mindfulness can be facilitated through practises such as yoga, martial arts, mindful meditation and zen garden experiences. Aside from meditation, other mindful activities promote living in the now, re-evaluation of the ‘bigger picture’ through methods of revitalisation such as open water swimming, exercise in the fresh air and enjoying social occasions/ catching up with friends over food and drink - Breathe Magazine

Advertisement for both visitors and the local community. Discovered Issues and Solutions provided by The Sanctuary

Initial Programme Plsnning

Localised Site Analysis Sauna 15m2 Reception 20m2 Physiotherapy 20m WC 40m2 Open Water Swimming 50m2 Aromatherapy Workshop 50m2 Psychotherapy 50m2 Herb Garden 50m2 Qigong Studio 60m2 Mindfulness Studio 60m2 Indoor Yoga Studio 60m2 Outdoor Yoga Studio 60m2

Cafe/ Restaurant 100m2

Star Observatory 150m2

Site Amenities River

Opportunities Views, Activities e.g. swimming, water sports,

Constraints Flooding

Wildlife Trees

Accomodation 150m2

Existing Facilities & Buildings

Shading, Wildlife

Keep as many as possible

An additional facility may compliment/provide

Respect their use, perimeters

(tennis court, ball green and

an additional leisure dynamic, there is an existing

and local community needs.

corresponding club houses)

public interest and community users on this site.

Flat valley Topography

Peacefully sheltered from prevailing wind and

Harbours water as a flood plain

road noise

Changing Facility 150m2

Main access on foot

No noise/ light pollution from a road, the existing

Facility experieince will allow

walkway could extend into the site for a peaceful

access on foot, e.g. not require

riverside experience.

visitors to bring large equipment.

S i t e 3 Ju s t i f i c at i o n Local Complimentary Leisure Facilities

Site Section

Site 3 Justification - Site 3 is already peaceful and quiet, away from the road and noise and light pollution. This is ideal for reconnecting with nature via the sky by star-gazing at night. - Architecture with northern exposed windows diffuses even lighting throughout the room without high contrast. (Site 3 lends itself to northern views. ) - A site along a river introduces the theme of water which compliments a mindful experience according to themes of Hygge and Feng Shui. - The journey into mindfulness can be compared to the journey of the river on this site, they flow together. - The sound and sight of water is healing, as is open water swimming. - The journey into mindfulness can be compared to the journey of the river on this site, they flow together. - There is litle air pollution due to the direction of the wind on site 3.

Site 3 Justification

Local User Groups & Accessibility

As well as village residents, local institutions that cater for people who would also benefit from a centre for mindfulness. Many older residents in care homes are unable to exercise in intense ways as offered by the sports facilities in Saltaire. Gentle exercise and stretching such as yoga and qigong is certainly beneficial for those struggling with flexibility at a certain age. A frail body does not constitute a frail mind.

The large number of schools local to site 3 would also benefit from this complex, as the stress of school life can be reduced with regular practise of mindfulness. The mental health of young people is fragile and starting good practise of taking care of the mind at an early age anticipates a future of mental wellness.

- Mental health focus compliments physical health facilities, we mustn’t neglect the mind. In the 21st Century, they come as a pair, equally as important. Concerns in both can be detrimental to human

Ill. 1.8: Images from Google Earth

Salts Tennis Club

Site Model 1:500 Casting Soap from home

Flooding Consideration

Ill 1.9: Changing Weather Patterns sourced in Aquatecture. Future possible climate projections showing the possible change in precipitation (10th, 50th, 90th percentiles left to right) by 2100. If all ice melts then the sea level is projected to rise 70-80m higher than it is today.

Ill 1.10: Mapping the flood boundaries of the River Aire. Defining the site boundary shows its position on a flood plain: riverlevels.com

Oxford Mindfulness Centre

Me d i tati o n H a ll, H i la rc h i te c ts , C a n g z h o u , E a s te rn C h i n a

Through a range of formal and informal mindfulness practices and exercises, this centre offers programmes which facilitate the maintainance of mental balance through life’s ups and downs. Learning outcomes include responding skilfully when difficulties arise, engaging with what is most important to us, and opening up to moments of joy, contentment, and gratitude. Levels of Programme include: - An introduction to mindfulness for life - Mindfulness: Finding Peace in a Frantic World, - Mindfulness for Life. - Mindfulness: Taking it Further.

“T

he architectural strategy here was to diffuse the volume, divide spaces into continuous but circuitous public spaces without retrieving the original structure,” (explained the studio) A series of spatial units containing different activities are scattered within this structure, forming the continuous yet circuitous public area within the passages and water hallway. The architects transform a series of retail spaces into a place to hold Zen meditation, yoga, and other related activities, providing the local residents with a tranquil retreat inside the community, responding to the image of the wetland landscape.

Schematic Precedent Case Studies

Conclusions Drawn This centre is situated within the Oxford department of psychiatry, a medical research facility, yet the building deserves its own typology which reflects the values of the programme within. The building reads as a medical facility hence potential visitors may think there needs to be something profoundly wrong with them to attend the facility. Whilst it is a tool for healing, practising mindfulness is also a preventative tool to help avoid the onset of mental health issues. Moving away from this connective typology will encourage people to use it and practise mindfulness to its full capacity.

Soft natural light is reflected through the horiznotal gaps between wooden louvres, onto the water and into the main hall. Conclusions Drawn In thew public spaces you cannot perceive the original load-bearing structures. This, together with the hidden inner corner of space and the diffused light, leads to the perception that space seems to flow without ends, forming a kind of outdoor experience. Humble, diffused light provides a fitting ambience for a calming meditation space.

This centre suffers a clinical, uninviting aesthetic. Encouraging the practise of meditation is already a modern struggle as the public are generally not aware of its benefits, nor feel they ‘have the time’ to engage in it. An inviting setting and building facade is therefore essential in order to promote this scheme.

The arrangement of spaces encourages an experiential passage of movement through the structure as a whole as well as just the individual spaces. Circulation is an important place to set the tone for the acitivity of meditation. 48

Ill. 1.11

Ill. 1.12

Conceptual Design Response

Tadeo Ando, Meditation Space, Paris

Va rl a a m Mo na stery, Meteo ra , G reece

“B

uildings are receptical for the human spirit... the meditation space in Paris has no concrete function, but it is a refuge for the spirit, a place where you can think about your own existence. The light falling from above with the surrounding water impart the feeling that you are alive. The people who go there live in the 21st century. The architecture was developed to interact with their perceptions. Those who have experienced this building should somehow retain a feeling of it in some corner of their hearts.”

Meteora- “Hovering in the Air” The power of this architecture comes from the tension of utterly exposed but isolated space. Founded in the mid 14th Century, this holy monastery is the second largest in Meteora. Built upon sandstone rock pillars and silhouetted against the Grecian skyline, the monasteries of Meteora have become an ancient symbol of Christianity. The layout of the monastery is typically, courtyard focussed. The yard is inextricably linked to the katholicon serving as its reception hall.

“I

Criticism of cultural heritage: The arrangement of space is now defined by the needs of the visitors rather than the needs of the monastic community, and thus the monastries have become extroverted rather than introverted units, something that is not in accordance with the Orthodox monastic tradition.

wanted to integrate the garden into it... the water creates the connection to Nagucci’s Garden. The light falls into the interior and onto the people who are inside. I had the interplay of light, water and human in mind.”

The building envelope is compartmentalised to surround the outdoor courtyards. This segmentation encourages continual circulation outdoors and the total integration of nature throughout the spatial experience.

Design Theory A simple. solitary cylindrical concrete structure built outside the UNESCO headquarters in Paris. It was comissioned to celebrate 50 years since the UNESCO was brought into force, to offer peace and security to all nations. An intense space of silence, a space full of emptiness. You perceive a certain source of darkness when looking through, which turns into a bright ethereal one as soon as you are inside.

Ill. 1.13

Conclusions Drawn Simplicity and minimalism is an effective design theory in spaces of meditation. Carefully considering the volume of space is important to design a numinous experience. Manipulation of materiality, light and water combine to give the calming ambience to this architecture. Manipulating only natural light encourages a higher connection to the natural environment and integration of water as a stepping stone to reach the building immediately connects the building to its environmental context. Through this space, Ando shows that valuable meditation and contemplation can be done alone or in company.

Conclusions Drawn Soft division between those visiting and residing in the monastery- this style of threshold can be applied to distinguish spaces specifically for those staying in The Sanctuary, whilst maintaining the feel of a united structure of parts.

Conceptual Design Response

The controversial adaptions of the site to cater for visitors makes it less quintissentially monastic. Nevertheless, this is the spirit to adopt in my design. This new balance means it is not such a distinct space of worship, but communal peace. Segmentation creates spaces for both communal and solitary meditation. This provides opportunity for alone quiet alone time but also open, social interaction. Designing the building envelope as a segmented structure with inner circulation encourages continual integration and reconnection with the surrounding natural environment. Ill. 1.14

TESTING.

Pro j e c t

fter a rigorous phase of theory research, switching into design mode took some time and testing quickly became a challenging part of the graduation project. In the early stages of testing, composing the ARC3015 Theory into Practice essay continued my research led approach to design and I became fascinated by the concept of Timothy Morton’s Ecological Thought, which has since rooted my project approach. However, in the design testing phase, I became quickly caught up in my theory based interests and an architectural brief for people was not at the forefront of my design ideas. For example, I was more interested in the negotiating the flow of flood water throughout the building than the flow of people. I found this approach to architecture incredibly interesting as previously I had always thought of ways to keep nature out of a building to perfect a protected internal environment, but I had discovered new school of thought that encouraged other members of ecology to take their toll and exist without restrictions from their environment, just as we do.

finally found a balanced approach which considered the entire collective ecosystem, however developing a successful massing took many iterations. The rural context of the site made a sensitive approach essential and it was a challenge to produce a mass that was large enough to facilitate the proposed programme but didn’t overwhelm the idyllic site. Towards the end of testing, the ARC3013 technical report was a huge learning experience and encouraged me to make technical drawings and models that would become key points of design representation to underpin the synthesis stage.

Initialy Identified Design Themes

Feng Shui

rings the fundamentals of function, form and harmony into the visions of rchitectural ideation. Literally meaning “wind-water” it is the Chinese practice of positioning objects or structures to hamonize with spiritual forces. The belief system is based on the patterns of Yin and Yang and the overall flow of energies.

Characteristics - Square and rectangular spatial geometry. - Natural daylight and ventilation. - Work spaces should be kept seperate from rest areas. - Prevent clutter with adequate storage. - Welcoming and clear entry-ways are extremely important when considering the structure of a building, allowing for positive energy to flow through. - Creating harmony by connecting manmade things with nature by designing with the five natural elements: metal, water, wood, fire and earth.

Hygge

ygge is a scandanavian way of life that values the opportunity to rest and resist the corrosion of dynamic modern lifestyle. Hygge relishes and appreciates balance, self sufficiency and a certain degree of ‘healthy hedonism’. Scandanavia, the pioneer of Hygge, boasts the highest quality of life in the world. Hygge in Scandanavian architecture - Integration with nature - Simplicity in design - Utilisation of natural light - Creative use of natural materials - Functionality and comfort How to Hygge: Johannsen Signe“the art of creating intimacy” and “coziness of the soul” “Fika is a concept that incorporates coffee, cake and convivality. It’s a swedish phrase, and the swedes are adament that having a moment to chat over cake and coffee during the day makes them not only happy, but more active and harmonious as a society.” “It is part meditation, part hedonism, part community spirit, and part mindfulness, but it really helps us get through the many vicissitudes of life.”

Literature led Design Research Considering the River Aire

AQUATECTURE F I N D I N G S U S TA I N A B L E D E S I G N T H R O U G H

THE ECOLOGICAL THOUGHT

Aquatecture by Robert Barker & Richard Coutts. This text highlighted the importance of water conscious architecture in a world where flooding is accellerating with progressive climate change. The authors offered potential opportunities and constraints in design and case studies of successful ‘aquatecture’.

TESSA LEWES 180271890

Additional texts that shaped my theoretical essay for ARC3015. Reading Timothy Morton’s Ecological Thought and gaining an understanding of the anthropocene inspired me to design for people and the ecology they are part of, as a combined force. This initiated a design process which wouldn’t inhibit the river and it’s capacity and decision to expand during a flood.

ARC3015 THEORY INTO PRACTICE

Site Map The Expanding River

CURATING THE CITY Ill. 2.1: Theory Into Practice Essay Cover

SITE FLOOD RISK LOW TRADITIONAL

AQUATECTURE

Architectural Approach to Flooding

ELEVAT ED

WET P RO O F

Water Entry Strategy/ Flood Resilient

DRY P RO O F

Water Exclusion Strategy/ Flood Resistant

MED

HIGH

An elevated building is one in which the floor levels are raised above the predicted floor level. This is typically done using structural columns or posts. Typically, the undercroft should not be used or occuppied as this would reduce flood storage.

A wet-proof building allows water into the buidling to avoid structural damage but is constructed so that the impact of flooding is minimised, and the time to clean-up is minimised.

Testing landscape options to facilitate future flooding of the River Aire

Architectural Approach to Flooding

A building with no specific flood-proofing measures. This may only be considered appropriate in low flood-risk areas, dependent on conditions.

}

Everyday For the majority of the time the river and canal contain the flow of water.

rain gardens collect and store rainwater away from rivers without affecting surrounding buildings. Flood barriers and dry proof strategies are costly, unreliable and remove the inhabitants from the ecology they are truly surrounded by.

A dry proof building is designed to prevent water entering the building using waterproof materials and construction. It is normally used to improve protection to existing buildings and typically limited to areas with low flood depths.

INCREASED RISK OF FLOODING

LIVING WITH WATER

LifE

DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE

FLOATING

AMPHIBIOUS

Ill. 2.2: Theory Into Practice Essay

During a storm (5% probability) Rainwater is held in dedicated rain gardens and ponds; the river expands into local channels, away from vulnerable buildings, in a predetermined way.

MAKING SPACE FOR WATER

ECO DESIGN

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

During a big storm (1% probability)

A floating home is a building that rests on a buoyant base or foundation, designed to rise and fall with the level of water. It can cope with large flood level variations.

An amphibious building is a floating building that is designed to rest on fixed foundations for the most-part. However during an extreme flood it rises between guideposts, buoyed by the floodwater. It can cope with large flood level variations.

Use is appropriate

safe havens some facilities are raised to provide safe gathering spots away from the risks of flooding.

The LifE Design strategy listed in ‘Aquatecture’ aims to incorporate the flow of water into building design, as a method for environmental change. This idea can be brought to light in elevated and wet-proof building design

Investigation Required

Rainwater is held in dedicated rain gardens and ponds, flood water is directed into multi-use recreation areas and gardens designed to cope with flood water.

‘village blue’ ponds designed to expand during a flood. the rest of the time used as inhabitation for fish and wildlife.

canal paths planted pathways are designed to channel flood water away from buidings and towards village blues and greens. ‘village greens’ Large playing fields deisgned to flood when severe flooding occurs.

Use not appropriate Ill. 2.3: Theory into Practice Essay

Initial Massing Arrangements Model Scale: 1:500

Iteration

II. Iteration

Process

To facilitate flooding: direct excess water into ponds, making the building part of the flow.

Interlocking ‘D’ massing encourages flow into the building but is dense and overbearing. Exploding the mass will celebrate the circulation space and evoke a journey. Design must celebrate the flow of people as well as water.

III. T E S T I N G Iteration

REVIEW

Site Plan

North View

South Approach Elevation

East to West Section

Interior Circulation 64

IV. Iteration

Process

The curved geometry of Iteration III was a literatal response to ‘flow’ which resulted in a hostile and overpowering mass, emphasised by ponds which appear like a barrier of water. The building can be subtly surrounded by water but this should be integrated into the building too.

Roof Investigation: inspired by the concept of a paper plane to create the illusion of a weighless sail structure ascending into the sky.

Drawing back upon the previous design concept of Feng Shui, the power of the grid structure is often successful in creating soft, discreet design. Iteration IV provides a more staggered response to the river edge which is consequently less intrusive on the site.

The grid angle has been shifted to determine the roof structure of iteration IV in response to the curve of the river bank.

Considering Approaches from multiple angles of the site to create a more permeable structure.

Thinking Through Making

Investigating the materiality and structure of the proposed roof structure through a conceptual model. This provokes a spatial experience of ambient light as the modelled polycarbonate layer and timber structure filter direct light to avoid contrast in controlled, still environments such as yoga spaces beneath.

Iteration

In order to create the vision and experience of walking on water, the building could be extended out into the river, where circulation is directed on raised pontoons. Re-thinking the shape of the river bank will also facilitate flooding. A smaller middle mass will increase massing permeability and shape views towards the river unlike a barrier.

Reconsidering the theoretical issues of the Anthropocene, the structure now appears too invasive on the river, potentially hindering its ecology and flow, promoting sedimentation and future issues. The shade cast by the roof may further inhibit the river and, and land experienceto the north.

The river boundaries are adjusted more subtly to invite it to surround the building however this is unlikely to assist major flooding.

VI. Iteration

Finding a middle ground: The massing sits comfortably and the roof stucture is re-configured to correspond to the grid of massing beneath.

The vision of a permeable and light roof structure is obtained by an extended timber frame structure which blurs the boundary between interior and exterior space.

A re-evaluation of the disused spaces of the site rendered the opportunity to reprofile it to house flood water without changing the seemingly successful building massing any further. Creating a wetland to surround the building, extending a waterscape up to the boundaries within the site was a method to ease flooding as well as provide ecological and experiential benefits. Movement around the site isn’t inhibited with raised paths extending to each corner and amenity as this final iteration reconsiders the experiential innovation of walking on water.

Modelled Wetland and Path Intervention

Developed Final Iteration

Massing on Site

Level 1 Qigong/ Martial Arts Studio- 135m2 Accomodation apartments x3- 281m2 Yoga Studios 286m2 Cafe- 98m2 Mindfulness Studios 192m2

Level 0 Reception & Welcome 64 m2 Star Gazing Observatory Tower 192m2 Zen/ Herb gardens Aromatherapy Workshop 117m2 Saunas 40m2 Changing Facilities/ WC 220m2 Physiotherapy Rooms 56m2 Psychotherapoy Rooms 113m2 Plant Rooms 38m2 Staff room 37m2 Total: 1869m2

Site Plan

Programme Summary

Developed Final Iteration: Wetland Exploration

Site Section

North

South

Developed Final Iteration

reating a Permeable Structure:

Interconnected routes surround the building and seamlessly extend into the site. Blending into its context, the building is accessible from almost every angle. The riveredge public decking and resting space connects with a path of gentle public movement as an extension of Saltaire’s existing attraction, The Riverside Walk. Through constant public interaction, even in passing, The Sanctuary becomes a familiar and inviting facility for both visitors and locals in Saltaire.

Public Use and Occupancy

Major and minor public routes throughout the building and wider site

Saltaire’s Riverside Walk continuation Public and User routes throughout:

Public Space

Private Space

L1 76

Developed Final Iteration Structural Strategy Primary

Secondary

Polycarbonate sheet roof layer

Tertiary

Developed Final Iteration: Environmental & Sustainable Strategy

Glulam beams in perpendicular directions

Timber structure: Glulam column support Level 1 Wall Glulam timber frame Level 1 timber frame floor reinforced with insulation and cladding. Cieling Level 1 timber frame wall reinforced with insulation and cladding. Level 1,2,3 Glulam timber frame floor beams

Glazing panels, cladding & wall finishes, railings Timber frame wall structure

Level 1,2,3 timber frame floor beams Level 0 Wall glulam timber frame

Concrete Core

Concrete wall upstand and stair core cast in situ.

Raised level 0 beam and block foundation spanned across a cast

Level 1,2,3 timber frame wall reinforced with cast in-situ hempcrete

Timber frame level 0 wall structure

in-situ concrete grid.

Reinforced Concrete PIles drilled 6m deep into rock.

Concrete wall upstand and stair core cast in situ.

Ventilation In a compartmentalised building structure with outdoor connections, the prevailing wind from the south west will provide a natural air flow throughout. Doors open unto sheltered courtyard spaces to allow for cross ventilation, alongside openable windows. Vents and extractor fans are used in facilities with excess moisture such as saunas & changing rooms, and the upper roof layer of polycarbonate is fitted with additional vents, automatically openable when trapped air overheats.

Concrete support foundation

Water & Energy Delivery A water source heat pump will absorb kinetic energy from the moving river water and tranfer this into useable energy for heating for the underfloor heating system and hot water tank. Water harvesting Guttering around the roof will harvest rainwater to be stored in buried tanks and pumped into the building for use in toilets.

Daylight Strategy Glazed curtain walls throughout the building allow the infiltration, lighting and heating of direct sunlight. For a more controlled, atmospheric daylight penetration, curtain walls with frequent timber mullions filter light and shade these spaces, also providing privacy from view. A shading mechanism is implemented on the outside of the glazing of the observatory to prevent overheating. This is manually operated from the inside using a lever so can help provide thermal comfort at the decision of the occupants.

Gluelam Timber structure Trees are recycled from part of the excavated site to be harvested into the gluelam timber structure: biodegradeable, and re-useable. Concrete thermal mass that constitutes the foundation and waterproof wall upstand provides heating and cooling effects to regulate temperature. Wetland The waterscape has 2 functions: to ease flooding of the River Aire, situated on a flood plain, and to act as a wetland for wildlife in exposed parts framed by raised paths.

Hempcrete A renewable bio-composite material surrounds the timber structure. Its porosity and ability to ventilate means it can store a large amount of excess moisture in the air during potential flooding, without damaging its structural integrity, and release moisture when conditions are favourable, almost breathing with the building. It is bio-degradeable, reusable and recyclable, and the overall emission balance is very favourable: hempcrete has a negative carbon footprint and acts as a carbon sink.

Piles

Ill. 2.4: ARC3013 Technical Report

Ill. 2.5: ARC3013 Technical Report

Developed Final Iteration: Technical Section

Ill. 2.6: ARC3013 Technical Report

7 6

8 4

2 1

1: Foundation Exposed Guttering 2: Foundation Screed finish Timber Flooring, waterproof adhesive DPM Concrete Screed: underfloor heating Beam & Block system Vapour Barrier blocks perforated by pipe with non-return valve Insulation leading beneath foundation, draining potential DPM flood water into the waterscape beneath. Concrete Beam & Block system Perpendicular concrete beams spanning 80 across... Reinforced Concrete Piles, 6m deep unto rock (Concrete mixed with water resistant adhesive)

3: Level 0 Wall Cold Water resistant concrete upstand wall Thermal insulation Hempcrete cast in situ upon timber structure (500mm studs & horizontal noggins)

4: Level 1 timber frame floor construction Timber floor finish Sprung suspension panel for shock absorption Vapour Barrier Concrete Screed: underfloor heating Suspended timber joists & insulation DPM Supporting Gluelam beam

Ceiling Construction Acoustic Insulation Vapour barrier Cavity for service distribution Cieling Board (between exposed gluelam beams composing timber structure)

5: Level 1 Timber Frame Wall Timber Cladding finish Cavity Vapour Barrier Service Distribution Cavity Timber stud & noggin frame Thermal Insulation DPM Plaster Board Finish

6: Level 1 Ceiling Thermal & Acoustic insulation DPM Cavity for Service Distribution Cieling Board

7: Roof Construction Polycarbonate Sheet Supporting Gluelam beams Polycarbonate Sheet Perpendicular Gluelam beams

8: Flower Bed Garden Floor Grass Soil Drainage Layer Root Barrier DPM Sloped Drainage Layer

9: Outdoor Deck (& outside level 0 shelter) Timber decking DPM Timber frame floor joists Drainage slope Gluelam supporting Beam Vapour Barrier Acoustic insulation Plaster Board

10: River Bank Rinforced with Concrete Piles Pipes extend through bank to wetland to relieve river flooding

Part Elevation

Carlo Scarpa, Fondazione Querini Stampalia, Venice

arlo Scarpa was an inspiring architect to investigate when I was exploring the experience of journeys and routes throughout The Sanctuary. I wanted to design a feeling of walking above and amongst water, as this sensual experience would reconnect people with the river outside as a reminder of the Ecological Thought. In the Fondazione Querini Stampalia, Carlo Scarpa intricately designs a circulation space raised above the Venice flood waters and flood water is channelled away in the water feature of the garden guttering. I recognised that an internal guttering system could be a sustainable way to redirect water back to the wetland when flooding has eased, and even when the gutters are empty they would remind occupants of the flooding capabilities of the river and their proximity to water.

Technical detail Model Making development Inspired by Scarpa’s design details I decided to model my own approach to internal guttering and drainage. Ill. 2.7

Ill. 2.8: ARC3013 Technical Report 83

Technical Foundation to Wall Model

Making this model allowed me to present the combination of material tactility and the imperfect harmony of their fusion. Exposed structure extends a feel of permeability from the macro scale of the whole grid of the building structure to the micro building tectonics: its rawness is made visible and can be appreciated for its bold strength.

Ill. 2.9: ARC3013 Technical Report

Ill. 2.10: ARC3013 Technical Report

The model made it possible to consider the experiential qualities of the threshold of the doorway, seamlessly integrated into the timber frame construction. Walking across the boundary between external and internal space over the timber grid is like crossing a bridge into a new threshold as one may walk over a stream of water in the gutters. integrating the experiential qualities of the site as on navigates the paths above the wetland.

This small detail of the doorway connects with the experiential qualities of the widder site, navigated the paths raised above the wetland. Creating the design illusion of walking on water is a concept inspired by the architecture of Carlo Scarpa, specifically his renovation of Fondazione Querini Stampalia in Venice.

Redirecting Water: Drainage Experimentation

Proposed atmospheric initiatives

This modelled junction provided a platform to progress in depicting spatial experience through atmoshperic study. It exhibits exposed, imperfect structure and the perspective of walking amongst water, which can be further explored as central design themes. 86

Ill. 2.11: ARC3013 Technical Report

Ill. 2.12: ARC3013 Technical Report

III

SYNTHESIS. T

he Synthesis stage was the culmination of each idea established over the 8 month design period. Artistic representation has never been an aspect I am particularly confident in so it was a daunting prospect to curate my entire design idea into a series of drawings. I began modelling a simplified version of the final design iteration in computer modelling software, Autodesk Revit, and used line projections from here to ground my celebration drawings. Looking at my peer’s work I felt pressured to use computer rendering tools as they seemed to generate highly atmospheric images, however I chose to follow the route of rendering by hand. I hoped this would give me better control over how each tiny design detail and object of the drawing was perceived by the viewer. I used digital hand drawing on an iPad, Procreate, which was a thoroughly enjoyable learning experience of working into every drawing over many hours. This method meant I maintained the feel of a pencil which at a tap could become a paint brush, a marker pen or an eraser. The iPad had previously been a useful tool for diagrammatic drawings and the act of tracing over previous iterations however its potential came to light in the synthesis stage.

was inspired by the representational success of hand drawings in order architects work and I hope this art will continue in the future even as computer rendering becomes more powerful and realistic. In my case, I think the softer touch of a pencil was a more appropriate approach for displaying a sensitive site and programme.

Visual Brief & Responding to Intangible Heritage A 21st Century response to the historic context of leisure to promote social wellbeing in Saltaire: a driving force in Salt’s historic ambition to restore public welfare. The Sanctuary aims to assist the restoration of this intangible heritage as a wellbeing focussed addition to the breadth of existing leisure facilities in the village. 88

Wide Site Plan Masterplan Connection to existing facilities & Curating the City 90

Conceptual Massing & Site Model Modelled at 1:500, this represents the conceptual building language amongst its site context. The aim is to maintain a delicate permeability. The relatively concealedvolumetric massing of the lower level relates to the ground whilst the levels above open up and connect to the sky. Made using the laser cutter, soap casting and 3D printer.

Conceptual Massing & Site Model

Site Section

Localised Site Plan 100

101

Floor Plan LG Representing the material texture of the structure and walls 102

Floor Plan L1

103

Localised Floor Plan: L1 Yoga Studios Orientation results in ambient lighting and resists contrast in a still space. Pile Foundation Plan

104

105

Key Section 106

107

Key Section

108

109

110

South of the River Tranquil The ground plan joins with the ‘Riverside Walk’ and provides public and private contemplative spaces that overlook the river to enjoy the potential healing of the sound and site of flowing water.

111

Blending in: A view from the northern Canal Path Curating the City and drawing a community together. The new site profile frames and celebrates use of the existing facilities. The experience on this site is shared between people enjoying different activities as well as the wildlife amongst the wetland.

An Ecological Thought Sharing space with ecology such as the river and wetland wildlife, architectural intervention can do more than benefit people, embedded in its landscape and context. 112

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Public Aromatherapy Workshop

Karen, 53, Shipley

“A must for a visit to Saltaire!”

“ I visited The Sanctuary for an aromatherapy workshop with a group of friends as part of a hen-do. In Saltaire there isn’t much opportunity for adult group activities so this was great! Also did a party package. We all made our own bespoke bottled essential oils which I’ll be putting in the bath this evening with a bit of Emmerdale on. This way you can be zen after leaving the Sanctuary too. Lovely trendy lady ran the workshop- think her name was Rachel, great to see the facility employs local staff too. Will definitely be coming back to do this again soon!!”

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Is it yoga or Qigong today?

John, 70 Bingley

“A wonderful place with a beautiful ethos”

My wife and I visited the Sanctuary for the first time for one of the qigong classes and good heavens this will definitely be one of our weekly activities from now on. We had never heard of this form of martial arts: it’s very slow and meditative so great for our mobility. The class was in a bright open space and you could feel it circulating everyones energy. We left the class with clear minds and then sat by the river edge with our books for an hour or so watching the world go by. We hadn’t ventured into Saltaire for a while due to lack of interest but this is a great addition to the tennis club which has brought a warm energy and community spirit. We had a lovely morning- I wish we’d found this hidden gem sooner.

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Mindfulness Studio Contemplate - Meditate - Breathe

Annabelle, 17 Saltaire

“A place for healing”

“I visit the sanctuary every week to see my therapist and enjoy the mindfulness classes on offer. This place has been key to keeping my mental health on track after a difficult few years at school. Practising mindfulness is sooo underrated and all the classes they run are great for relieving stress and reminding you that life is beautiful. Shipley College understands the benefits of mindful exercise through acitiviteis like those at The Sanctuary so it’s become an option for after school clubs- I know it helps a lot of people my age. Some of my friends enjoy the assisted open water swimming but I’m not convinved by the river Aire... apparently its invigorating?! Definitely a great place to make part of your weekly routine.

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Claire. 33 Bradford

“Wow- the ultimate retreat”

“We finally enjoyed one of the weekend retreat packages at the Sanctuary after booking almost a year ago..! Definitely worth the wait and the small overnight capacity make’s the experience so much more intimate and personalised. We enjoyed all the physio and mindful therapies which genuinely liberate your mind, but our favourite part was the star gazing at night. We were so lucky to come on a clear weekend so joined in with the local astronomy club who had met in the observatory that night- what an amazing setting! My partner likes bird watching so the wetland was great for that too. We felt totally connected to ourselves and the surrounding ecology at every waking moment which was so refreshing- Saltaire as a place now couldn’t become any more idyllic.”

South Elevation

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North Approach 11am 11pm

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Watching the Tennis Star Gazing

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Cultural Bibliography

David Hockney Gallery, Salts Mill In visiting the site of Saltaire in December 2020, I enjoyed walking through the mill and looking at some modern arts by local artist David Hockney. Investigating the structural qualities and architectural style of the Mill itself and the internal spaces that contained the art was perhaps more beneficial for my contextual understanding of Saltaire as a place but the gallery was still a good opportunity to experience the re-use of heritage space.

Steart Marshes, Bridgwater, Somerset Due to the pandemic restrictions many tourist attractions have been unavailable to visit. Remaining local to where I live, I chose to visit Steart Marshes, a nature reserve walk experience which resembled the wetland I had designed at a much larger scale. I gained an understanding of the wildlife and vegetation on this type of landscape, which I aimed to recreate in renders.

Group Yoga & Meditation Classes When the university gym reopened I took this opportunity to attend some group yoga classes to familiarise myself with the spatial layout of people’s mats, the equipment required, the sprung floor and the movements performed. It also helped me reflect on what was potentially missing from the experience in a sports centre and what my project and scheme might offer as a result. For example, views of the river and being able to hear the birds and experience the wind in an outdoor class would make the yoga experience much more sensual.

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RIBA Future Architects Scheme A conversation with a professional architect was thoroughly beneficial in the synthesis stage of the project and in curating this portfolio. I was advised to consider the fine detail of my celebration pieces to add another layer of depth to the drawings which hold the viewers gaze for longer, and to consider the portfolio as a design exercise where the size and spacing of its content are crucial to how it is read. This advice has been at the forefront of my mind in designing my portfolio.

RIBA Future Architects Lecture This lecture was focussed on life in architectural practice under pandemic restrictions. It was interesting to hear about the methods practices had used to adapt to the remote methods of communication and I enjoyed hearing about the potential of digital drawing techniques on a tablet where working from home didn’t provide the desk space for large pieces of tracing paper. It was hopeful to hear how this was being implemented into some practices as a future way of working as it has become one of my preffered ways of drawing.

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Thematic Case Study

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Authors Contribution: Q3

Ta i Kw u n H e r i t a g e & A r t s C e n t r e Herzog & De Mueron Case Study ARC3001

Studio: Curating the City Newcastle University School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape

The former Central Police Station, the Central Magistracy and the Victoria Prison is a walled compound of heritage buildings at the commercial centre of Hong Kong Island. Following its decommission in 2006, the entire compound was vacated, leaving a set of open grounds and a collection of unique buildings. From an urban perspective, the compound is a rare “courtyard” in the middle of one of the densest cities in the world. What once stood on the hillside as a prominent symbol of law and order with commanding views to the harbour has now inversely become an urban oasis of openness and calm within a forest of commercial and residential high-rises. The compound is defined and structured by two large courtyards: the Parade Ground and the Prison Yard. Our goal is to preserve the openness and distinct character of both and to re-activate them for public use as a new type of urban found space. These spaces will define the site physically and programmatically as places of gathering, cultural exchange, leisure, and respite. - Herzog & De Mueron

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Former Prison boundary and new Tai Kwun Heritage Centre Site

QUESTION 1 How does the case study elaborate on its visual, spatial and interactive relationships to its context, landmarks and landscape?

Question 1

Question 2 Dominic Saliendra

QUESTION 3 How does the case study relate to the Architect’s theoretical position & how does it explore their ideas and preoccupations.

Question 3 Tessa Lewes

Revitalisation & Dialogue Ethos: Cohesive historic compatability, moving away from ‘tabula rasa’. Explored through tangible, structural revival but also the programmatic and intangible, via subtle reversals that convert spaces of a prison yard into a ‘free cultural zone’, or ‘old landmark on a hill’ to a low lying open space.

JC Contemporary

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The new building volumes copy neither of the historical conditions but instead create a new relationship to the site context by hovering just above the wall “Re-inventing and re-using pre-existing ideas and objects, not necessarily of a heroic period of the past, but simply of what we found in front of us- has become an essential element within our vocabulary since those early days and projects...”

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Herzog & De Mueron: Tai Kwun Preoccupations & Theoretical Position

JC Cube

Experiential Exhibitions in the JC Cube & Contemporary

Herzog & De Mueron: Tai Kwun Preoccupations & Theoretical Position

Humanitarianism

Programme: 1. Former Central Police Station 2. Parade Ground 3. Prison Yard 4. Former Central Magistracy 5. Former Prison 6. Old Bailey Gallery/ JC Contemporary 7. Arbuthnot Auditorium/ JC Cube

Ethos: “Architecture is a fundamentally humanitarian profession... building success depends on whether it is full of people”. “If architecture was just about form and pleasure it would be absurd.” Newly reinstated urban courtyards offer spaces for gathering, cultural activities, leisure and respite. These areas still define the site physically and programmatically and embed the long-closed complex into the consciousness into the city. “By raising the volumes, new public and circulation spaces are created below, resulting in generous protected places for gathering and activity.”

An open and inviting oasis in the heart of a bustling, dense city-scape. It invites human exchange, education, engagement and decompression.

Figure 3g: Site Plan

The intangible heritage of bustling human life and movement is reintroduced in the new spatial programme.

1- Footbridge Gate (via central to mid-levels escalator and walkway system

Figure 3f: An oasis in the City

The humannitarian approach can be seen in the designing of a space of welcome rest, hidden from the outside world. This is informed by the concealed means of access to the site and it’s hidden agenda upon approach. The wall that encases the site is only perforated by 4 authentic prison gates, with other access by a ramp that rises over the wall. Without views unto the busy streets only meters away, the courtyards offer space to recuperate and reflect, essential for the human mind.

Figure 3a: Plan & Section

Figure 3h: Gate access photographs

2- Blue Gate, via Old Bailey Street

The gates of access aim to keep the commotion of the city away 3- Bauhing House Gate

Views of the city beyond can be found in the main new gallery which displays a restaurant and public terrace behind a completely transparent curtain window wall, which reconnects the interior to the city.

2 Figure 3c: Exhibition Spaces

4- Old Bailey Gate

The new programme promotes dialogue between visitors which revitalises a sense of public union and the intangible heritage of the community that once occuppied this space in the city.

Figure 3b: Exhibition Space

Tangible, architectural heritage is also artistically referenced and reimagined through exhibitions.

5- Pottinger Gate Figure 3i: Gate access sketches

The JC cube and contemporary exhibit work that speaks in dialogue to the institutional imporisonment heritage of the site. Historic representations of the site and context are also exhibited in these new spaces to inform a public understanding of the rich bed of history underneath the new architecture.

5 Figure 3d: Exhibition Collage

Question 3 Tessa Lewes Question 3 Tessa Lewes

Figure 3e: Sheltered Cinema gathering space

Figure 3j: Bustling Complex sketch of access

Question 3 Tessa Lewes

Herzog & De Mueron: Tai Kwun Preoccupations & Theoretical Position

Enstrangement

“Two new volumes that float tightly above the surrounding granite walls are concieved as distinctive but carefully inserted elements within the fabric of the existing buildings.”

Ethos: Rebellion to traditional vernaculars of architectural conventions and their familiarity, The Architects of Tai Kwun provide contrasting horizontal geometry amongst the souring vertical city of Hong Kong.

AA- Red dotted lines- Horizontality Blue dotted lines- Verticality

Herzog & De Mueron: Tai Kwun Preoccupations & Theoretical Position

Manipulation of Materials

Herzog and de Mueron realise that perfection is impossible and slight imperfection makes architecture even stronger. It adds an aspect of likeness to the historic buildings and craftsmanship.

The exhibition space is big and suprisingly neutral, a cool, column free, top-lit box. Architectural expression is left to the connective tissue and materiality, the winding sculptural stairs, the odd connections and bridges, the tight spaces between blocks, each giving a glimpse of the almost Piranesian perspectives that seem in character with the nature of the former prison.

Cast aluminium modules present a roughness like the historic masonry blocks and bricks. This continues the dramatic material quality but with a lighter tone that blends into the existing urban fabric of the prison buildings and the high rise towers behind.

Figure 3n: Coarse Materiality and corner facade system.

The addition of masonry geometry communicates with the reivived historic heritage but provides a contrast of modernity. There is likewise a continues theme of material coarsity in the combination of granite, sandstone, brick and rough cast aluminium.

BB Figure 3o: Detail aluminium cast corner system

Figure 3k: Site Sections

The task for the Architects was to open up a determinedly defensive structure. The blocks frame the site like book-ends; instead of blocking accessibility to the courtyard, they float over the historic grounds.

Corner system: Presents H&dM’s rigour and stubborness. Corners are an important moment in the facade and here the interlocking aspect is crucial. Knitting the facade round the corner strengthens rather than weakens the structure as the cut of each block reacts to the geometry of the adjacent block, resulting in an irregular cutting line.

Exposed concrete circulation space: visible concrete surfaces of this sculptural carving were treated with a needle gun to achieve the desired texture that speaks to the historic pourous granite blocks. This generates a continuous sensual experience.

“By cantilevering above the walls and keeping a minimum distance to the adjacent structures, the building floor area creates a protective offset from the surrounding historical buildings.”

Figure 3l: Photograph of sheltered, tight space beneath the cantilever.

The cantilever offers space beneath with a scope of potential programmes. These transitional spaces strangely blur the boundaries between interior and exterior. Exteror facades of the historic building forms interior ‘walls’ to outdoor auditorium spaces.

Figure 3p: Facade Section.

Figure 3m: Outdoor sheltered autitorium space, The JC Cube exhibits as opposed to inhibits space. Question 3 Tessa Lewes

Figure 3q: JC Contemporary Concrete Stairwell

Question 3 Tessa Lewes

QUESTION 4 How does Tai Kwun Heritage and Arts Centre relate to buildings of its type?

Question 4 Mary-Anne Murphy

List of Figures Question 1

Cover Photos González, M. F., 2018. ArchDaily: Tai Kwun Centre for Heritage and Art / Herzog & de Meuron. [Online] Available at: https:// www.archdaily.com/898980/tai-kwun-centre-for-heritage-and-art-herzog-and-de-meuron [Accessed December 2020].

Question 2

Question 3

BROWNELL, B., 2019. Architect Magazine. [Online] Available at: https://www.architectmagazine.com/practice/the-importance-of-materiality-for-herzog-de-meurons-tai-kwun-center-for-heritageand-arts_o [Accessed December 2020]. Herzog & de Meuron - Tai Kwun Centre for Heritage and Arts In Hong Kong. 2020. [Film] Directed by Architecture Travel Video. Hong Kong: Architecture Travel Video. Meet the Institutions | Tai Kwun Centre for Heritage and Arts. 2019. [Film] Directed by Art Basel. Hong Kong: Art Basel. Tai Kwun Centre for Heritage and Arts: Redesigning a police station in to a cultural hub - Arup. 2019. [Film] Directed by ARUP. Hong Kong: s.n. Information, T. K. V., 2019. Tai Kwun. [Online] Available at: https://www.taikwun.hk/en/ [Accessed November 2020]. Question 4

Figure 3a Figure 3b Figure 3c Figure 3d Figure 3e Figure 3f Figure 3g Figure 3h Figure 3i Figure 3j Figure 3k Figure 3l Figure 3m Figure 3n Figure 3o Figure 3p Figure 3q

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Authors Own Authors Own Tai Kwun Centre for Heritage and Arts: Redesigning a police station in to a cultural hub - Arup. 2019. [Film] Directed by ARUP. Hong Kong: s.n.

Authors Own Authors Own Authors Own Authors Own Information, T. K. V., 2019. Tai Kwun. [Online] Available at: https://www.taikwun.hk/en/[Accessed November 2020] Authors Own Authors Own Authors Own

Tai Kwun Centre for Heritage and Arts: Redesigning a police station in to a cultural hub - Arup. 2019. [Film] Directed by ARUP. Hong Kong: s.n.

Authors Own

Tai Kwun Centre for Heritage and Arts: Redesigning a police station in to a cultural hub - Arup. 2019. [Film] Directed by ARUP. Hong Kong: s.n.

Authors Own Authors Own Authors Own

List of Illustrations

1.1 Digimap.edina.ac.uk

1.2 Mason & Sons, Worth their salt: The men who made Alpaca [Online] Available at https://masonandsons.com/blogs/style/worthhis-salt-the-man-who-made-alpaca [Accessed June 2021) 1.3 https://masonandsons.com/blogs/style/worth-his-salt-the-man-who-made-alpaca 1.3 ICE.org, n.d. Salts Mill: Build an industrial building that considers the well-being of the people working there. [Online] Available at: https://www.ice.org.uk/what-is-civil-engineering/what-do-civil-engineers-do/salt-s-mill [Accessed 20 May 2021].

1.4 Wahl, D. C., 2017. Design and Planning for People in Place: Sir Patrick Geddes(1854-1932) and the Emergence of Ecological Planning, Ecological Desgin and Bioregionalism. Medium, 8 March. 1.5 Council, Bradford City, 2014. Saltaire World Management Plan 2014 Appendix 7- Setting Survey Evaluation 2012. Evaluation of the setting of the Saltaire World Heritage Site, Bradford: bradford.gov.uk. 1.6 Young, R. F., 2017. “Free Cities and Regions”- Patrick Geddes’s Theory of Planning. Elsevier: Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 166, pp. 27-36. 1.7

The Saltaire review @ issuu.com

1.8

Google Earth https://www.google.co.uk/intl/en_uk/earth/

1.9

Barker, R. & Coutts, R., 2016. Aquatecture. Newcastle Upon Tyne: RIBA Publishing.

1.10 riverlevels.uk, 2021. River Levels. [Online] Available at: https://riverlevels.uk/flood-warning-river-aire-middle-catchment#.YC_nZC2cZQI [Accessed 19 February 2021]. 1.11 Levy, N., 2019. Hilarchitects completes contemplative meditation hall in eastern China. [Online] Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2019/05/08/hall-meditation-spaces-interiors-hilarchitects-china/ [Accessed December 2020]. 1.12 Oxford, U. o., 2020. The University of Oxford Mindfulness Centre. [Online] Available at: https://www.oxfordmindfulness.org [Accessed 10 December 2020].

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1.13 Frearson, A., 2020. Tadao Ando’s Meditation Space captured in new photographs by Simone Bossi. [Online] Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2020/04/27/tadao-ando-meditation-space-photos-simone-bossi/ [Accessed December 2020]. 1.14 Meteroa, V., n.d. Varlaam Monastery. [Online] Available at: https://www.visitmeteora.travel/varlaam-monastery/ [Accessed 11 December 2020]. 2.1 Lewes, T., 2021. ARC3015: Theory into Practice Finding Sustainable Design through the Ecological Thought. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning.

List of References Framing: General Sources of Research - Ballantyne, A., 2012. Key Buildings from PreHistory to the Present. London: Laurence King Publishing. - Visit Bradford., n.d. About Saltaire. [Online] Available at: https://www.visitbradford.com/saltaire-history.asp [Accessed 20 May 2021]. - Council, Bradford City, 2014. Saltaire World Management Plan 2014 Appendix 7- Setting Survey Evaluation 2012. Evaluation of the setting of the Saltaire World Heritage Site, Bradford: bradford.gov.uk.

Eco assemblage - Wahl, D. C., 2017. Design and Planning for People in Place: Sir Patrick Geddes(1854-1932) and the Emergence of Ecological Planning, Ecological Desgin and Bioregionalism. Medium, 8 March. - Young, R. F., 2017. “Free Cities and Regions”- Patrick Geddes’s Theory of Planning. Elsevier: Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 166, pp. 27-36.

- Council, Bradford City, March 2004. Saltaire Conservation Area Assessment, Bradford: City of Bradford Metropolitan City Council.

Testing - Barker, R. & Coutts, R., 2016. Aquatecture. Newcastle Upon Tyne: RIBA Publishing.

2.2 Lewes, T., 2021. ARC3015: Theory into Practice Finding Sustainable Design through the Ecological Thought. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning.

breathemagazine.com, 2019. Breathe and make time for yourself. Breathe, Issue 18.

MDC, City of Bradford, 2014. Saltaire World Heritage Management Plan, Bradford: UNESCO.

- riverlevels.uk, 2021. River Levels. [Online] Available at: https://riverlevels.uk/flood-warning-river-aire-middlecatchment#.YC_nZC2cZQI [Accessed 19 February 2021].

2.3 Lewes, T., 2021. ARC3015: Theory into Practice Finding Sustainable Design through the Ecological Thought. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning.

- Zhu, J. & Burford, N., 2020. Curating the City: Embodies reading and progressive conservation for Saltaire world heritage site, Newcaslte Upon Tyne: s.n.

2.4 Lewes, T., 2021. Architectural Technology: Integrated Construction, The Sanctuary in Saltaire. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning. 2.5 Lewes, T., 2021. Architectural Technology: Integrated Construction, The Sanctuary in Saltaire. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning. 2.6 Lewes, T., 2021. Architectural Technology: Integrated Construction, The Sanctuary in Saltaire. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning. 2.7 Stott, R., 2019. Archdaily. Spotlight: Carlo Scarpa. [Online] Available at: https:// www.archdaily.com/638534/spotlight-carlo-scarpa [Accessed 28 May 2021]. 2.8 Lewes, T., 2021. Architectural Technology: Integrated Construction, The Sanctuary in Saltaire. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning.

Precedents - Frearson, A., 2020. Tadao Ando’s Meditation Space captured in new photographs by Simone Bossi. [Online] Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2020/04/27/tadao-ando-meditation-space-photos-simone-bossi/[Accessed December 2020]. - Levy, N., 2019. Hilarchitects completes contemplative meditation hall in eastern China. [Online] Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2019/05/08/hall-meditation-spaces-interiors-hilarchitects-china/[Accessed December 2020]. - Meteroa, V., n.d. Varlaam Monastery. [Online] Available at: https://www.visitmeteora.travel/varlaam-monastery/[Accessed 11 December 2020]. - Oxford, U. o., 2020. The University of Oxford Mindfulness Centre. [Online] Available at: https://www.oxfordmindfulness.org [Accessed 10 December 2020]. Memory - Chorley, K., 1956. What’s Wrong with Historic Preservation?. Quarterly Journal of New York State Historical Association, XXXVII(2), pp. 141-150.

2.9 Lewes, T., 2021. Architectural Technology: Integrated Construction, The Sanctuary in Saltaire. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning.

Harrison, R., 2012. Heritage: Critical Approaches. s.l.:Taylor & Francis Group. Chapter 1

Harrison, R., 2012. Heritage: Critical Approaches. s.l.:Taylor & Francis Group. Chapter 6

2.10 Lewes, T., 2021. Architectural Technology: Integrated Construction, The Sanctuary in Saltaire. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning.

Harrison, R., 2012. Heritage: Critical Approaches. s.l.:Taylor & Francis Group. Chapter 8

- Construction, S. B., 2021. Feng Shui & Architecture: Incorporating the Concepts. [Online] Available at: https://smithbrothersconstruction.com/feng-shui-architecture-brief-look/ [Accessed May 2021]. -

Johansen, S., 2016. How to Hygge: The secrets of Nordic Living. London: Bluebird Books.

- Lewes, T., 2021. ARC3014 Professional Practice and Management Report. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning. - Lewes, T., 2021. ARC3015: Theory into Practice Finding Sustainable Design through the Ecological Thought. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning. - Lewes, T., 2021. Architectural Technology: Integrated Construction, The Sanctuary in Saltaire. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Newcastle University School of Architecture and Planning. -

Morton, T., 2010. The Ecological Thought. Cambridge(Massachusetts): Harvard University Press.

- Morton, T., 2014. How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Term Anthropocene. Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Enquiry, 27 June, 1(2), pp. 257-264. - Wainwright, E. & Ozga-Lawn, M., 2021. Thinking the Ecological Thought in Space, Newcastle Upon Tyne: Zoom (lecture). - WWT, 2021. Wetland wildlife. [Online] Available at: https://www.wwt.org.uk/discover-wetlands/wetland-wildlife/# [Accessed 20 April 2021]. - Stott, R., 2019. Archdaily. Spotlight: Carlo Scarpa. [Online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/638534/ spotlight-carlo-scarpa [Accessed 28 May 2021].

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FRAMING

‘Memory’ Analysis booklet, Group Site Analysis

APPENDIX.

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FRAMING

Additional Process Work: Previous Illustrations

TESTING

Additional Process Work

Soap Casting from home method

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First thinking through making: wave facade model (revit)

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TESTING

SYNTHESIS

Additional Work presented in the Review

Testing Review: additional drawings

Initial star gazing perspective

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Initial Elevation

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Further Process Work

3D Printing Sketchup 1:500 Model Modelling process - Soap Casting, removing the support structure from the 3D print model.

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