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A MANIFESTO FOR HOUSING - ARC 3001 2020/21 THOMAS ADAMS 180175093

Stage 3

CONTENTS Reflective Diary 4 Framing 13 Thematic Case Study Report 37 Testing 51 Synthesis 76 Bibliography 104 List of Figures 105 Appendix 106

REFLECTIVE DIARY

Reflective Diary This year has been especially tough, I have been stuck 300 miles away from campus and suffered in a big way. Reflecting on what I have designed and the work I have produced I am personally very proud of my outputs when I consider my motivation for the year. Moving away from that in a more critical sense this year has helped me to develop a lot of critical thinking and designing skills from how I represent context to how to use digital software in a more detailed way. At the start of the year after being designated to A MANIFESTO FOR HOUSING we had begun with group contextual work for our site, this helped me to understand the site and develop an artistic style for Photoshop and SketchUp which was also clear and informative. The group work helped to develop a brief as our group focused on the people living there and the issues, they faced Bates it seemed only natural to attempt to fix what was failing in the building currently. ThisSergison led onto solo work which helped me to analyse the wider conPlans SOCIAL RESPONSE text of the site and the site from a more architectural focus. This is where I found the context of the schools and the library within the building. All this research helped me to decide what I wanted to achieve with my structure, an open community space with as much reduced displacement current Sergison Bates have a clear focus onof improving the social aspects of life when designing their residents as possible. building. The apartments in the building are designed around a central stair hall which is lit by natural light, the structure is designed to house multiple different family types by creating many different sized apartments within the building. Apartments are mainly designed with dual aspect and high ceilings to promote a better living. The apartments also generally are laid out in such a way which allows them to be easily modified for wheelchair access.

A large influence on the design of the internals of the building was captured in the Thematic Case Study. This piece of group work was on a group of flats which were very thoughtfully designed on the interior space, creating more space out of very little room. Once I had seen this minimal, highly considered design I decided it would be a principle that led through my design. Perhaps the most obvious way this has been done is in the single occupation flats of the tower, these flats include loggias to draw light into the rooms and help create a split up of rooms. The interior has been designed to be light and one of the ways this is achieved is through This led onto the testing phase of the project, I had researched building presidents, some which my tutors presented and airy, some that,andto ceiling heightsoutside being taller than average wallshelp being lighter in colour. This was made possible by me reach an architectural language that was sympathetic to what I wanted but also the site. In testing I found ideas whichthe legal maximum floor area being favourable to worked well and poorly the max building height. The project did not use such as adding geometric shapes to the tower as wind defence, this was a logical idea which did not work within the architectural language I was probalconies to reduce the buildings invasiveness to the external factors and help keep its architectural language, this led to there being loggias created ducing. in its place. These loggias in the Sergison Bates building are cut into the apartments splitting the living room, kitchen and sitting areas to separate volumes and stretching the use of space, the loggias are glazed on the outside.

KEY - Kitchen - Loggia - Living Area - Bedroom - Sitting Area Each apartment has a different number of rooms to promote a more diverse living area.

Above this text is a plan of the pillar layout in one of the communal rooms. It shows the playful nature that sergison bates tries to achieve with the buidling creating a much warmer feel.

ARCHITECTS - Thomas Adams 10

5 | REFLECTIVE DIARY

Reflective Diary In the final stages of the course, I moved onto the synthesis phase, this allowed me to create my vision, I was able to add onto existing SketchUp models, developing my design critically and keeping within the existing bounds of the site where necessary. This use of an existing model was helpful for fitting within the context but has had a slight mal effect on the final design where less consideration has gone into areas of the site which currently exist on the east and west façade. When I think back to my other modules this year and how they have influenced my project, I feel that the modules have been particularly important in crafting an understanding of my design principles and what direction I want to head with the design. For example, in ARC3015 I considered the idea of quality of space, this allowed me to land on multi space and multi-level community areas which were free to use how the residents wanted. In that same essay I considered the effect of such a large redesign on the environment, this let me suggest using steel beams heavily in the design and to source them from dismantled structures. In ARC3014 I was able to consider the structural makeup of the building and how that would work through construction, this allowed me to move forward with a structural strategy that would be ordered more sensibly, also helping to understand the role of an architect within the construction of a building helping to inform what I needed to design. The Technology module ARC3013 was the most in line with my design module and as it was done during the synthesis stage it was paramount in deciding the materiality of the tower’s façade. The technology module provided many insights into some previously less well considered aspects, importantly it raised my attention to the LETI Climate Emergency Design guide. This helped to shape a 50-year plan for the entire structure. This module helped me to consider modularity in my design and helped to speed up the on-site construction of the podium.

6 | REFLECTIVE DIARY

Cultural Bibliography

This year has been very difficult for me and so during the architectural year I decided to explore photography and importantly film photography in much detail. It helped me to learn and slow down in life. The next few pages are examples of images I have taken throughout the year from my home in Surrey. It has developed my understanding for multiple mediums and helped me to develop as a person. I took the oppourtunity of film photography as a way of meditation from architecture but it ended up having an effect on the way I see architecture and how I design.

7 | REFLECTIVE DIARY

Cultural Bibliography

8 | REFLECTIVE DIARY

Cultural Bibliography The way that I have taken this development of photography skill is the way in which I frame my photos, less considered on capturing every technical aspect in all images but also taking moments to appreciate the experience of an area. In film photography every snap counts, this helped me to be much more considerate with my photos but also experiment with different apertures and iso’s. This more purposeful analysis of space has developed into the images I make for my designs.

9 | REFLECTIVE DIARY

Cultural Bibliography

Whilst at home I have been concious to explore places which I never have before, whilst this forced me to venture far out on foot it allowed me to discover areas which could inform my design principles. I found this underpass which had beautifuly worn concrete that had been covered by paint at eye level. The excersise of finding new areas also allowed me to discover smaller details within structures and pick out what I enjoyed about them.

10 | REFLECTIVE DIARY

Cultural Bibliography

While I was also discovering new places at home I had the oppourtunity to briefly visit stone henge. Whilst at the time not feeling particulary important I have later realised that it has had an effect on my design principles. The way that the rough texture of the stone married with the green ground was particulary impactful to me and this has been taken on board through my design principles for this project.

11 | REFLECTIVE DIARY

Cultural Bibliography

I decided to venture into different mediums during the year and develop an understanding for new ways of working. One example is painting where i combind biro and paints to curate the left image, I learnt a lot about colour theory diring painting and was able to transfer my previous film photography knowledge to concentrate on an experience rather than a specific structure. On the right is a drawing mixing crayon, pencil and watercolour pencil. This was a study of one of my ideas and the context surrounding it, this was particularly useful as it captures a snapshot of my design principles well. I learnt how to add pencil precision onto the bright crayon colours to create a drawiing that incorporates both an experience and some structural information. I have found this year particulary difficult and being able to dedicate my time to quality self improvement was paramount to me having the mental fortitude to continue with my degree whilst working in less than ideal circumstances. I am proud of what I’ve been able to achieve this year on a personal level.

12 | REFLECTIVE DIARY

FRAMING

Reflection For the framing section the focus for me was on the people of the tower and their experience of the space currently. Because this was a very experiential study, I found it beneficial to study the lived space as such but investigate the podium more logically as this space was shops. I noticed that the podium was much emptier than it should have been, and this allowed me to experiment later with its use. This section was incredibly helpful in my understanding of the site whilst giving a basic structural understanding of the site. I feel that I could have explored more the surrounding context of the site experientially to gain a better understanding of the area before moving to testing. Overall the framing was useful in giving an understanding of the people and steering my design towards not only creating new housing but rehousing anyone displaced by the construction that currently reside in the tower. The group work in the Framing was especially useful for gaining insight into the structure as a whole and further parts of the site, it also allowed us to compare our building to a case study, being Trellick tower. It allowed us as a group to summarise the overall economic wealth of the area but also the demographics of the tower allowing us to determine the male dominated, single occupancy, aging residents and giving us all a basis to work on to fixing the issues found in the site. COVID brought to light the importance of open community spaces and quality spaces of living which was helpful to mention.

14 | FRAMING

Introduction to A MANIFEST FOR HOUSING

A MANIFESTO FOR HOUSING is a very community driven group with the main focus on housing. This fell in line with what I was doing in my dissertation around another housing estate so I felt it was a relevent step forward. The group is quite unique in brief as it is based around discovering your own brief through contextual studies of the area, Cruddas Park House. This tower and podium designed structure is situated just west of the centre of Newcastle in Elswick, surrounded by housing estates and above an industrial estate. I chose my brief to be of Newcastle council wanting to redevelop Cruddas Park House to create a more used space than before, that would not however adversly impact the current residents and be as environmentally sustainable as possible, with proposed ways to retrofit more sustainable power by 2050.

15 | FRAMING

Picture of site from 70s

Figure 1 : Cruddas Park House prior to reguvination efforts

An image from Cruddas Park House Podium taken in the 90s, this shows the shops open and being used with quite stylised interior architecture, this would have been the origional design stemming from the 70s

16 | FRAMING

Pictures of site now

Nowadays Cruddas Park House is barron in the podium, shops have closed and the styling has been stripped of any individuality. This ‘new’ look to Cruddas has a very clinical feel to it and clearly has not had a positive effect on the amenities.

Figure 2 : Multiple Images of Cruddas Park House

17 | FRAMING

Group Work - Saftey

18 | FRAMING

hat They ries’ for building

ns like Crudopening

Group Work - Context

PUBLIC

PPRIVATE

PUBLIC

PPRIVATE ELSWICK PARK

PUBLIC

PPRIVATE

CRUDDAS PARK

ELSWICK PARK

CRUDDAS PARK PUBLIC

ELSWICK PARK

PPRIVATE

CRUDDAS PARK PUBLIC

PPRIVATE ELSWICK PARK

19 | FRAMING

CONNECTION TO THE CITY PUBLIC

PPRIVATE

CRUDDAS PARK

PUBLIC

Group Work - Connections PUBLIC

PPRIVATE

CRUDDAS PARK

ELSWICK PARK

PPRIVATE

CRUDDAS PARK ELSWICK PARK PUBLIC

PPRIVATE ELSWICK PARK

PUBLIC

CRUDDAS PARK

PPRIVATE

CRUDDAS PARK

ELSWICK PARK

CONNECTION TO THE CITY

CRUDDAS PARK ELSWICK PARK CONNECTION TO THE CITY

CRUDDAS PARK CONNECTION TO THE CITY COMMUNITY MAPPING OF CRUDDAS PARK CE S

LEGEND: VI IC SE R

AL CI SO

VI SE

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS:

S CE

A. ST MICHAEL’S RC PRIMARY SCHOOL; B. NEWCASTLE COLLEGE; C. RAZZMATAZ THEATRE SCHOOL; D. HAWRON PRIMARY SCHOOL

COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS B

A. CRUDDAS PARK EARLY YEARS CENTRE; B. ASHFIELD NURSERY SCHOOL; C. RYE HILL CASTLE NURSERY

PS OU GR

CU LTU RA L

EDU C

ATIO

PU BL

UTIO

NAL INS TIT

LOCAL INSTITUTIONS

CONNECTION TO THE CITY

SOCIAL SERVICES: ST STEVENS COURT NURSING HOME

CULTURAL: VIVA LAS CRUDDAS A. PAKISTAN ISLAMIC CENTRE; B. POLISH CENTRE

GROUPS: CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE TENANTS GROUP

CHARITIES: A. IPCC CHARITY; B. WEST END WOMEN AND GIRLS CENTRE

LK WA IN 5M

CONNECTION TO THE CITY

CR UD DA S

B PA RK

ENTRE NG C PPI HO DS AN SE OU

CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE TENANTS GROUP A

HEALTH SERVICES:

HEA

LTH

S ICE

PHARMACY CRUDDAS PARK SURGERY

IES RI T

BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIES:

OASIS CAFE IRIANA CONVENIENCE STORE

RECREATION, LEISURE AND SPORTS:

B A

NEWCASTLE EAGLES COMMUNITY ARENA

ELSWICH POOL

CHURCHES

CONNECTION TO THE CITY

V SER

NESS BUSI

DUS ND IN

TRIES

PUBLIC SERVICES: CRUDDAS PARK LIBRARY ELSWICK PARK POST SERVICE

COMMUNITY MAPPING OF CRUDDAS PARK LEGEND: IC SE R

CE S

PU BL

UTIO

NAL INS TIT

20LOCAL | INSTITUTIONS FRAMING

AL CI SO

S CE VI SE

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS:

A. ST MICHAEL’S RC PRIMARY SCHOOL; B. NEWCASTLE COLLEGE; C. RAZZMATAZ THEATRE SCHOOL; D. HAWRON PRIMARY SCHOOL

CULTURAL: VIVA LAS CRUDDAS A. PAKISTAN ISLAMIC CENTRE; B. POLISH CENTRE

RECREATION, LEISURE AND SPORTS

ROYAL SOCIETY OR PROTECTION OF BIRDS

CHURCHES: A. ST MICHAEL’S RC CHURCH; B. NEWCASTLE SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH; C. ST STEVENS AND ST PAULS; D. ELSWICK PARISH CHURCH

In 2015 Audi Newcastle building was built on a near vacant land. The Cruddas Park House Plans were passed in February 2014 to fit replacement aluminium double-glazed windows and fix new external wall insulation and most of this work took place in 2015. [https:// newcastleareas.wordpress.com/ cruddas-park/]

The Cruddas Park House suffered multiple arson attacks and the residents became fearful of the about fire alarms, the lack of sprinkler systems, unfit fire doors and safety in general.

Group Work - Surrounding Area There is a Crudas Park House Tennants Group (CPH) that is promoting and proteting the intrests of the house tennants. They have a facbook page ‘Cruddas Park House The People The Stories’ for community announcments and communication/community building between the residents. The group collectively presents petitions to organisations like Your House Newcastle (YHN) under which menigment is the Cruddas Park House. Recently they have put forth a request for reopening of the Community Room.

CONNECTION TO THE CITY

In 2013 5 out of 10 towerblocks were demolished as part of a £90 mil regeneration project of the area. With private investors pulling out the council was left with no money pull the plan through. The buildings were demolished at a cost of £ 2.98 mil and the site was left to sell to private firms [https:// www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/ north-east-news/cruddas-parkflats-now-demolished-1421916].

Investing in People & Culture (IPCC) is a charity organisation working in the North East that promotes social inclusion of refugees, asylum seekers and other minority communities. One of their centres is located in the Cruddas Park Shopping Centre. [https://i-p-c.org/] At some point there have been asylum seekers housed in the Cruddas Park House.

After Grenfell

CONNECTION TO THE CITY

Community Politics

The Cruddas Park House suffered multiple In 2009 and a revamp of the became fearful arson attacks the residents highrises was underway. Five of the about fire alarms, the lack of sprinkler towerblocks werefire renovated andsafety in general. systems, unfit doors and Cruddas Park wasPark one of the ThereHouse is a Crudas House Tennants Group (CPH) that made 80% more energy efficient. promoting proteting intrests of the house tennants. They objects thatiswas lit up and during thethe campaign The project cost £ 36 mil. have a facbook page ‘Cruddas Park House The People The Stories’ for The revamped tower commemorating 2 years since theand Grenfell community announcments communication/community building blocks were renamed ‘Riverside fire. The messege projected on the side of the between the residents. Dene’. [https://www.chroniThe group collectively presents petitions to organisations like building raised concerns about unfit condiclelive.co.uk/news/north-eastHouse Newcastle (YHN) under which menigment is the Crudtions in caseYour of fire. news/joy-old-cruddas-park-towdas Park House. Recently they have put forth a request for reopening ers-1401206] of the Community Room.

‘Cruddas Park House don’t have seals on the fire doors and gaps under the doors. It’s not acceptable.’’[https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-

CONNECTION TO THE CITY

VI IC SE R

PU BL

AL CI SO

COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS

east-news/newcastles-cruddas-park-lit-up-16426031]

VI SE

S CE

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS:

A. ST MICHAEL’S RC PRIMARY SCHOOL; B. NEWCASTLE COLLEGE; C. RAZZMATAZ THEATRE SCHOOL; D. HAWRON PRIMARY SCHOOL A. CRUDDAS PARK EARLY YEARS CENTRE; B. ASHFIELD NURSERY SCHOOL; C. RYE HILL CASTLE NURSERY

PS OU GR

SOCIAL SERVICES: ST STEVENS COURT NURSING HOME

CULTURAL:

LOCAL INSTITUTIONS C

VIVA LAS CRUDDAS A. PAKISTAN ISLAMIC CENTRE; B. POLISH CENTRE

CE S

NS UTIO

CU LTU RA L

‘Cruddas Park House don’t have seals on the fire doors and gaps under the doors. It’s not acceptable.’’[https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-

COMMUNITY MAPPING OF CRUDDAS PARK LEGEND:

NAL INS TIT

Cruddas Park House was one of the C objects that was lit up during the campaign commemorating 2 years since the Grenfell fire. The messege projected on the side of the building raised concerns about unfit condiD tions in case of fire.

EDU CAT IO

LOCAL INSTITUTIONS

UTIO

COMMUNITY MAPPING OF CRUDDAS PARK

NAL INS TIT

east-news/newcastles-cruddas-park-lit-up-16426031]

EDU CAT IO

Newcastle City Council agreed to provide access to mortgages to promote influx of owener-occupiers to the area. [https://newcastleareas.wordpress.com/cruddas-park/]

GROUPS: CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE TENANTS GROUP

CHARITIES:

COMMUNITY ASSOCIAT

A. IPCC CHARITY; B. WEST END WOMEN AND GIRLS CENTRE

CR UD DA S

B PA RK

HEA

TIE ARI

H ENTRE NG C PPI HO DS AN SE OU

CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE TENANTS GROUP A

HEALTH SERVICES:

LK WA IN 5M

LTH

SER

ES VIC

PHARMACY CRUDDAS PARK SURGERY

BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIES:

CHURCHES:

A. ST MICHAEL’S RC CHURCH; B. NEWCASTLE SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH; C. ST STEVENS AND ST PAULS; D. ELSWICK PARISH CHURCH

OASIS CAFE

RECREATION, LEISURE AND SPORTS:

NEWCASTLE EAGLES COMMUNITY ARENA

ELSWICH POOL

CHURCHES NESS BUSI

AND

S STRIE INDU

PUBLIC SERVICES: CRUDDAS PARK LIBRARY ELSWICK PARK POST SERVICE

RECREATION, LEISURE AND SPORTS

CR UD D

CRUDDAS PAR HOUSE TENANT GROUP

IRIANA CONVENIENCE STORE

21 | FRAMING

ROYAL SOCIETY OR PROTECTION OF BIRDS

22/09/2017

HOUSING OCCUPANCY IN CRUDDAS PARK

After Grenfell

Newcastle City Counagreed to provide access to ortgages to promote influx of ener-occupiers to the area. tps://newcastleareas.wordess.com/cruddas-park/]

‘Cruddas Park House don’t have COMPARRISON seals onCRUDDAS the fire doors andPARK gaps under the doors. It’s not acceptable.’’[https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-

2015 In 2013 5 out of 10 towerblocks were demolished as part of a £90 mil regeneration project of the area. With private investors pulling out the council was left with no money pull the plan through. The buildings were demolished at a cost of £ 2.98 mil and the site was left to sell to private firms [https:// www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/ north-east-news/cruddas-parkflats-now-demolished-1421916].

26/02/2013 25/02/2013

Community Politics

The Cruddas Park House suffered multiple In 2009 and a revamp of the became fearful rson attacks the residents ghrises was underway. Five f the about fire alarms, the lack of sprinkler werblocks werefire renovated andsafety in general. ystems, unfit doors and Cruddas Park wasPark one of the ThereHouse is a Crudas House Tennants Group (CPH) that ade 80% more energy efficient. promoting proteting intrests of the house tennants. They objects thatiswas lit up and during thethe campaign e project cost £ 36 mil. have a facbook page ‘Cruddas Park House The People The Stories’ for The revamped tower commemorating 2 years since theand Grenfell community announcments communication/community building ocks were renamed ‘Riverside fire. The messege projected on the side of the between the residents. ne’. [https://www.chroniThe group collectively presents petitions to organisations like building raised concerns about unfit condilive.co.uk/news/north-eastHouse Newcastle (YHN) under which menigment is the Crudtions in caseYour of fire. ws/joy-old-cruddas-park-towdas Park House. Recently they have put forth a request for reopening -1401206] of the Community Room.

2012

Commun

The Cruddas Park House suffered multiple

HOUSING OCCUPANCY IN THE TRELLICK TOWER

In 2009 and a revamp of the became fearful arson attacks the residents highrises was underway. Five of the about fire alarms, the lack of sprinkler towerblocks werefire renovated andsafety in general. systems, unfit doors and Cruddas Park ThereH made 80% more energy efficient. promoting objects thatiswas lit up The project cost £ 36 mil. have a facboo The revamped tower commemorating 2 yea community blocks were renamed ‘Riverside fire. The messege betweenproj the Dene’. [https://www.chroniThe gr building raised conce clelive.co.uk/news/north-eastYour House tions in casedasofPark fire.Hou news/joy-old-cruddas-park-towers-1401206] of the Comm Newcastle City Council agreed to provide access to mortgages to promote influx of owener-occupiers to the area. [https://www.chr [https://newcastleareas.wordeast-news/newcastles-cru press.com/cruddas-park/]

14/11/2011

‘Cruddas Park H seals on the fire d under the doors. CO able.’’

24/03/2011

east-news/newcastles-cruddas-park-lit-up-16426031]

2009

After Grenfell

23/02/2013

WITH THE TRELLICK TOWER

Invest working in th asylum seeke is located in At some poin Park House.

COMMUNITY MAPPING OF CRUDDAS PARK LOCAL INSTITUTIONS

Cruddas Park House was one of the bjects that was lit up during the campaign ommemorating 2 years since the Grenfell re. The messege projected on the side of the uilding raised concerns about unfit condiions in case of fire.

EDU CAT IO

Cruddas Park House was one of the objects that was lit up during the campaign commemorating 2 years since the Grenfell fire. The messege projected on the side of the building raised concerns about unfit conditions in case of fire.

Cruddas Park House don’t have eals on the fire doors and gaps under the doors. It’s not acceptable.’’[https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-

‘Cruddas Park House don’t have seals on the fire doors and gaps COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS under the doors. It’s not acceptable.’’[https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-

ast-news/newcastles-cruddas-park-lit-up-16426031]

east-news/newcastles-cruddas-park-lit-up-16426031]

CU LTU RA L

Group Work - Surrounding Area

In 2013 5 out of 10 werblocks were demolished as rt of a £90 mil regeneration oject of the area. With private vestors pulling out the council s left with no money pull the an through. The buildings re demolished at a cost of £ 98 mil and the site was left sell to private firms [https:// ww.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/ rth-east-news/cruddas-parkts-now-demolished-1421916].

The Cruddas Park Ho arson attacks and the of the about fire alarm systems, unfit fire doo

There is a Crudas Park House Tennants Group (CPH) that is promoting and proteting the intrests of the house tennants. They have a facbook page ‘Cruddas Park House The People The Stories’ for community announcments and communication/community building between the residents. The group collectively presents petitions to organisations like Your House Newcastle (YHN) under which menigment is the Cruddas Park House. Recently they have put forth a request for reopening of the Community Room.

tle building was built on a near vacant land. The Cruddas Park House Plans were passed in February 2014 to fit replacement aluminium double-glazed windows and fix new external wall insulation and most of this work took place in 2015. [https:// newcastleareas.wordpress.com/ cruddas-park/]

9/10/2017

UTIO

arson attacks and the residents became fearful of the about fire alarms, the lack of sprinkler systems, unfit fire doors and safety in general.

NAL INS TIT

cant land. The Cruddas Park ouse Plans were passed in bruary 2014 to fit replacement uminium double-glazed winws and fix new external wall ulation and most of this work ok place in 2015. [https:// wcastleareas.wordpress.com/ uddas-park/]

CR UD DA S

CYCLE SHOWING THE LACK OF DIVERSITY WITHIN THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE

22 | FRAMING

The demographics show that Cruddas Park House is heavily made up of males who are out of work. With no provisions or community for children it is not suprising no children live in the block. With only 25% of the m residents employed it means the rest of the residents will be spending a lot of time meaning provisions of adequete housing size and community facilities should be a priority.

The map above hughlights the surrounding facilities which encourage women’s participation in society.With a predominately male demographic in Cruddas Park it is important to make women feel welcome safe, with facilities speciﬁcally for them. The Cruddas Early Years Centre will encourage familes to reside in the area. The West End Womens and Girls Centre is a group where women have the opportunity to meet, have fun, learn skills, look at issues relevant their lives and generally build conﬁdence in a safe and supportive environment. The Childrens Services, which is located in Cruddas Park House podium is currently closed, however it is interesting to se that th there was one a service in place to support children. Therefore there is a platform to build upon with regards to diversifying the demographic.

H DS AN SE OU

CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE TENANTS GROUP

PA RK

R50 Co-Housing , Berlin , Germany 2019

Group Work - Demographics

vacant land. The Cruddas Park House Plans were passed in February 2014 to fit replacement aluminium double-glazed windows and fix new external wall insulation and most of this work took place in 2015. [https:// newcastleareas.wordpress.com/ cruddas-park/]

9/10/2017

22/09/2017

HOUSING OCCUPANCY IN CRUDDAS PARK

arson attacks and the residents becam of the about fire alarms, the lack of spr systems, unfit fire doors and safety in g

26/02/2013 25/02/2013 23/02/2013

HOUSING OCCUPANCY IN THE TRELLICK TOWER

The number of residents living on their own becomes even more signiﬁcant due to the lack of social interaction After Grenfell Community Politics spots 2012 within the site. Therefore i propese with Cruddas House Park that each apartment has a balconly which connects with the other residents of that ﬂoor. Not only will the balcony encourage people to spend The Cruddas Park House suffered multipletime outside In 2009 a revamp of the arson attacks and the residents became which is important in these times but also encourages interaction between residents which will fearful help prevent highrises wasthe underway. Five of the about fire alarms, the lack of sprinkler people becoming lonely. towerblocks werefire renovated andsafety in general. systems, unfit doors and

14/11/2011

CRUDDAS PARK COMPARRISON WITH THE TRELLICK TOWER

After Grenfell

This co- housing block in berlin isnpired my proposals for Cruddas House Park. With exterior circulation the way around each ﬂoor of the In 2015all Audi Newcasbuilding wasbetween built on a near The Cruddas Park House suffered mul building this encouarges tle interaction

24/03/2011

2009

made 80% more energy efficient. The project cost £ 36 mil. The revamped tower blocks were renamed ‘Riverside Dene’. [https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-eastnews/joy-old-cruddas-park-towers-1401206] Newcastle City Council agreed to provide access to mortgages to promote influx of owener-occupiers to the area. [https://newcastleareas.wordpress.com/cruddas-park/]

Cruddas Park wasPark one of ThereHouse is a Crudas Hou promoting proteting int objects thatiswas lit up and during thethe camp have a facbook page ‘Cruddas Park commemorating 2 years since the Gre community announcments and co fire. The messege on the side betweenprojected the residents. The group collectively prese building raised concerns about unfit c House Newcastle (YHN) und tions in caseYour of fire. das Park House. Recently they hav

the Community Room. ‘CruddasofPark House don’t ha seals on the fire doors and gap under the doors. It’s not accep able.’’[https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/new

east-news/newcastles-cruddas-park-lit-up-1

Investing in People & Cultu working in the North East that pro asylum seekers and other minority is located in the Cruddas Park Sho At some point there have been asy Park House.

‘Cruddas Park House don’t have seals on the fire doors and gaps under the doors. It’s not acceptable.’’[https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/northeast-news/newcastles-cruddas-park-lit-up-16426031]

POLITICS

13/06/2019

HOUSING TENURE FOR THE TRELLICK TOWER

9/10/2017

22/09/2017

CYCLE SHOWING THE LACK OF DIVERSITY WITHIN THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE

HOUSING OCCUPANCY IN CRUDDAS PARK

26/02/2013

25/02/2013

23/02/2013

HOUSING OCCUPANCY IN THE TRELLICK TOWER

14/11/2011

CRUDDAS PARK COMPARRISON WITH THE TRELLICK TOWER

24/03/2011

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The demographics show that Cruddas Park House is heavily made up of males who are out of work. With no provisions or community for children it is not suprising no children live in the

mes even more signiﬁcant due to the lack of social interaction das House Park that each apartment has a balconly which only will the balcony encourage people to spend time outside ges interaction between the residents which will help prevent

Group Work - History

POLITICS

In 2018/2019 Newcastle Eagles basketball arena was built on the site of the previous tower blocks. the building host important events for the Cruda Park House residents and other commu nity members.

13/06/2019

HOUSING TENURE FOR THE TRELLICK TOWER After Grenfell

2019 In 2015 Audi Newcastle building was built on a near vacant land. The Cruddas Park House Plans were passed in February 2014 to fit replacement aluminium double-glazed windows and fix new external wall insulation and most of this work took place in 2015. [https:// newcastleareas.wordpress.com/ cruddas-park/]

9/10/2017

22/09/2017

HOUSING OCCUPANCY IN CRUDDAS PARK

The Cruddas Park House suffered multiple arson attacks and the residents became fearful of the about fire alarms, the lack of sprinkler systems, unfit fire doors and safety in general.

26/02/2013 25/02/2013 23/02/2013

2012

Community Politics

After Grenfell

Community Politics

The Cruddas Park House suffered multiple

HOUSING OCCUPANCY IN THE TRELLICK TOWER 14/11/2011

24/03/2011

2009

In 2009 and a revamp of the became fearful arson attacks the residents highrises was underway. Five of the about fire alarms, the lack of sprinkler towerblocks werefire renovated andsafety in general. systems, unfit doors and Cruddas Park wasPark one of the ThereHouse is a Crudas House Tennants Group (CPH) that made 80% more energy efficient. promoting proteting intrests of the house tennants. They objects thatiswas lit up and during thethe campaign The project cost £ 36 mil. have a facbook page ‘Cruddas Park House The People The Stories’ for The revamped tower commemorating 2 years since the Grenfell community announcments and communication/community building blocks were renamed ‘Riverside fire. The messege on the side of the betweenprojected the residents. Dene’. [https://www.chroniThe group collectively presents petitions to organisations like building raised concerns about unfit condiclelive.co.uk/news/north-eastHouse Newcastle (YHN) under which menigment is the Crudtions in caseYour of fire. news/joy-old-cruddas-park-towdas Park House. Recently they have put forth a request for reopening ers-1401206] of the Community Room. Newcastle City Council agreed to provide access to mortgages to promote influx of owener-occupiers to the area. [https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north[https://newcastleareas.wordeast-news/newcastles-cruddas-park-lit-up-16426031] press.com/cruddas-park/]

‘Cruddas Park House don’t have seals on the fire doors and gaps under the doors. It’s not acceptable.’’

24 | FRAMING The demographics show that

Housing Cooperative and receives it back when leaves . Housing Cooperative is responsible for the managment of the house.

‘YOUR HOMES NEWCASTLE’ manages the CRUDDAS HOUSE on behalf of city council

Group Work - The People LA BORDA

HOUSING COOPERATIVE

COMMUNITY LIFE Cooperation links are established in domestic settings.

CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE TENANTS GROUP

SUSTAINABILITY

Central courtyard that concentrates all circulation.

COMMUNAL LIVING

Tenants collectively write a petition to the managing body.

Tenants are individually resposible for their flats.

The design maximizes energy efficiency

saves 10% of space with shared storage rooms and laundry rooms

ACCESSIBILITY Affordable Housing.

Using the affordable materials.

Funded by residents and contributors.

BUILDONG COSTS: 850 EUR/M2

CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE

SELF-MANGAGMENT

Has this global pandemic highlighted the epidemic of loniless?

The house is built over time as it is used.

COLLECTIVE PROPERTY & INDIVIDUAL USE

CESSION OF USE

YOUR HOMES NEWCASTLE

New resident pays a fee to the Housing Cooperative and receives it back when leaves .

With the majority of the residents of Cruddas Park living on their own, loniless can be very common especially during COVID-19.

Housing Cooperative is responsible for the managment of the house.

R50 Co-Housing , Berlin , Germany This co- housing block in berlin isnpired my proposals for Cruddas House Park. With exterior circulation all the way around each ﬂoor of the building this encouarges interaction between

‘YOUR HOMES NEWCASTLE’ manages the CRUDDAS HOUSE on behalf of city council

LA BORDA

HOUSING COOPERATIVE

COMMUNITY LIFE Cooperation links are established in domestic settings.

Tenants collectively write a petition to the managing body.

SUSTAINABILITY Central courtyard that concentrates all circulation.

COMMUNAL LIVING

Tenants are individually resposible for their flats.

The design maximizes energy efficiency

saves 10% of space with shared storage rooms and laundry rooms

CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE TENANTS GROUP

ACCESSIBILITY Affordable Housing.

Using the affordable materials.

Funded by residents and contributors.

BUILDONG COSTS: 850 EUR/M2

The number of residents living on their own becomes even more signiﬁcant due to the lack of social interaction spots within the site. Therefore i propese with Cruddas House Park that each apartment has a balconly which connects with the other residents of that ﬂoor. Not only will the balcony encourage people to spend time outside which is important in these times but also encourages interaction between the residents which will help prevent people becoming lonely.

CRUDDAS PARK HOUSE

Has this global pandemic highlighted the epidemic of loniless?

With the majority of the residents of Cruddas Park living on their own, loniless can be very common especially during COVID-19.

POLITICS

In 2018/2019 Newcastle Eagles basketball arena was built on the site of the previous tower blocks. the building host important events for the Cruda Park House residents and other commu nity members.

13/06/2019

HOUSING TENURE FOR THE TRELLICK TOWER

After Grenfell

2019

25 | FRAMING 9/10/2017

22/09/2017

The Cruddas Park House suffered multiple arson attacks and the residents became fearful of the about fire alarms, the lack of sprinkler systems, unfit fire doors and safety in general.

Community Politics

There is a Crudas Park House Tennants Group (CPH) that is promoting and proteting the intrests of the house tennants. They have a facbook page ‘Cruddas Park House The People The Stories’ for

The Site and Immediate Context

26 | FRAMING

Demographics Compared to a Similar Site

These graphs show Cruddas Park House demographics compared to a similar tower podium in london, Trellick Tower. Whilst this tower suffered many similar issues as cruddas there were key differences in its demographics which changed the outlook of the future for the respective sites. With this in mind it felt important to bring in a younger, more diverse community to Cruddas.

27 | FRAMING

The Towers Current State

Cruddas Park House is very closed off in the tower section and barely running in the podium, these points are important to consider when designing something which is to be more succesful than the current design.

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Parti Section of Site

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Massing of Rooms

A massing approach to the room layout and corridor in cruddas reinforcing the closed off nature of the design.

30 | FRAMING

Structure of site in plan

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Structure of Tower in 3D

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Structure of Site in 3D with context

The core structure of the tower and podium leaves a lot of room for extending outwards and carving into the exsiting building, allowing for opening up.

33 | FRAMING

Studio work - Documentries As a core part of testing we looked into multiple documentries that peaked my interest. One of these was a look at trellick tower from the scope of an outsider, an american woman who had spent her life in flats. Her outlook on tower living and what she valued about trellick tower gave valuable insight into what we value about living. Although we have slight cultural differences to America, her outlook on Balconies and quality living spaces is something to consider moving forward. Figure 3 : Building Sights Documentary (1991)

Another documentry style video I had watched was the smithsons talk on housing. These architects insight into housing whilst slightly dated in some cases shows us a key way we should be thinking when it comes to large scale housing, about the individual. Throughout the video the Smithsons talk about how a person would use a space and how for example they could reduce car noise to family flats as they could have children. Figure 4 : The Smithsons on Housing

34 | FRAMING

Material Influences - Cambridge Street

When thinking to materials for my project, not many towers appealed to me. Cambridge Street by Hodder + Partners however was quite interesting and fell in line with my style. This tower is clad in white brick tiles and brushed aluminium whilst inside using paneled ceilings to run services through.

Figure 5 : Cambridge Street Development

35 | FRAMING

LETI Climate Emergency Design Guide

The LETI Climate Emergency Design guide feels rather important to my design theory. This is because it is in line with my environmental principles and maps out a specific way in which we can achieve the feat of net zero carbon by 2050. The design guide will make me have to consider structural material use and how it is sourced.

Figure 6 : LETI Climate Emergency Design Guide

36 | FRAMING

THEMATIC CASE STUDY

Sergison Bates Case Study Urban Housing Vienna, Austria 2013

Studio 1 A Manifesto for Housing Thomas Adams Alexander McCall Samuel Hare Eleanor Jarah Dawei Zhao

38 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY 2

SITE

CONTENTS

The Wider Context

The Site and Context

The Architects: Sergison Bates

Environmental Analysis

Creative Response:

Social Analysis

Modularity

Material Effiency

Building Comparisons

19 20

Located in the city of Vienna, Austria. Sergison Bates Architects designed this Urban Housing block for social housing developers ‘Neues Leben’ along with Werner Neuwirth and von Ballmoos Krucker Architekten. The building is situated 4.5km away from the city centre on a former railway yard surrounded by other high density residential buildings. Figure 1 shows a map of vienna and the circle marks where the site is situated. Figure 2 shows a closer look at the different zones surrounding the site. The building is situated in an area consisting of high density residencies mainly consisting of appartment blocks no taller than 6 stories. The area is also very close to many businesses and shops allowing the site to be in walking distance to these facilities. Figure 1: Map of Vienna, Austria

Site Business + Commercial Low Density Residential Areas River Parks + Recreational Areas High Density Residential Areas Travel + Transport Areas

Figure 2: Different areas surrounding the site

39 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

CONTEXT - Sam Hare 4

SITE

THREE HOUSES

Neighbourhood Scale

When designing the 3 building blocks, a number of design principles were agreed in order to allow all three architects to design independent blocks that all act as a collective. The buildings are arranged so they appear as a compound element despite being a cluster of individual buildings. The defining element is the paved space that lays centrally between the three buildings. This space connects all 3 buildings together and allows them to be seen as collective, despite being designed by three different architects. The entry to the building is through a loggia into the entrance hall on the corner of the building. The entrance is well defined by a change in form to the rest of the building. This allows a clear indication of the entrance to the building. The building consist of a multi-functional room on the ground floor, allowing the space to be used for a childrens playroom or other communal activitities. Helping create a strong sense of community within the block. Figure 5: Inbetween Space

Site Appartment Blocks Offices Hotel Education

Figure 3 : Neighbourhood Plan

The site is situated in a high density area surrounded by other apartment blocks and offices. Although the neighbourhood may be seen as dense, the spaces between the building allows for comfortable movement. The building is positioned near other apartment blocks and green spaces are intergrated between the different appartment blocks and streets to provide spaces for the local community to use. There is also a park located very close to the site which allows for residents to have access to green spaces and especially allows families to make use of this space when entertaining their children. This is particularly important as the apartments only have a small balcony area, so being close to a large green space allows for plenty of opportunities for children to play. Figure 6: Ground Floor Plan of Each Block

Figure 4: Green spaces close to site

CONTEXT - Sam Hare

40 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

CONTEXT - Sam Hare 6

Sergison Bates

UNIT + DETAIL

Principles

RESPONSIBILITY

When looking at the building as a whole, it is apparent that the building is made up of different flat types that are stacked ontop of each other showing the same flat type in the same position on each floor. Each floor has 5 different flat types that all feature a loggia in the central living space.

Focussed on details and creating a better experience for everyone, Sergison Bates Architects are committed to creating playful buildings of very high quality produced in response to social demographics.

The flats on each level are all different sizes to accomodate different size families and allow a diverse and mutually supportive neighbourhood. Each floor consists of between 1 and 3 bedroom flats allowing for a wide range of family sizes. The rooftop also further supports the idea of building community by offering communal allotment areas and an outside eating area. Therefore creating environments for interaction within the building. Figure 7 shows a detail of the window construction also showing the contrast of colour between the window and the exterior render. Bates included a parapet on each of his windows to allow the window to also act as a balcony when opened.

Figure 8: Typical Floor Plan

Studio house, London,

Inner city housing and crèche, Geneva,

Figure 7: Window Detail

Flat Type A Flat Type B Flat Type C

Suburban housing, Zurich,

Multi-functional Space

Welcome centre and offices, Shanghai,

Entrance Figure 9: Section showing units

CONTEXT - Sam Hare

41 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

ARCHITECTS - Thomas Adams 8

Sergison Bates

QUALITY THROUGH MAKING

SOCIAL RESPONSE

Plans

Materiality

Sergison Bates have a clear focus on improving the social aspects of life when designing their building. The apartments in the building are designed around a central stair hall which is lit by natural light, the structure is designed to house multiple different family types by creating many different sized apartments within the building. Apartments are mainly designed with dual aspect and high ceilings to promote a better living. The apartments also generally are laid out in such a way which allows them to be easily modified for wheelchair access.

Looking at the Urban Housing project in Vienna is no exception to the firm’s principles. The architectural form of the building is well considered with harsh geometric patterns to draw the eye up the podium structure. This is followed through with the consideration of materiality and texture in the structure, the buildings use a stucco render mostly for the outer walls. Unlike normal stucco render this one is much thicker and based on a mineral compound which gives it that green hue. The quartz render is paired with small amounts of grey-dyed precast concrete which is used primarily at the base of the podium to give a sense of weight to the bottom and create an almost envelope that the render can tuck underneath, making this detail incredibly clean cut and beautiful.

The interior has been designed to be light and airy, one of the ways this is achieved is through ceiling heights being taller than average and walls being lighter in colour. This was made possible by the legal maximum floor area being favourable to the max building height. The project did not use balconies to reduce the buildings invasiveness to the external factors and help keep its architectural language, this led to there being loggias created in its place. These loggias in the Sergison Bates building are cut into the apartments splitting the living room, kitchen and sitting areas to separate volumes and stretching the use of space, the loggias are glazed on the outside.

KEY The interior materiality is very clean yet experimental and playful in parts, the main stairway flooring is clad with red brick like tiles, they are cut and placed with great care especially on the stairs where the tiles vary in size. The wall renders mimic the outside render making it still feel like an exterior, public space. The thin wooden bannister is a similar language to the wooden window frames. Moving inside one of the apartments we see the interior language become a lot more private, white render walls allow someone to personalise the rooms however they want, and the wooden floor adds a sense of warmth to the building. The kitchen is almost Japanese in minimalism, the large steel sheet allows easy cleaning, and the smart use of the loggia makes the space seem much larger than it is.

- Kitchen - Loggia - Living Area - Bedroom - Sitting Area Each apartment has a different number of rooms to promote a more diverse living area.

Above this text is a plan of the pillar layout in one of the communal rooms. It shows the playful nature that sergison bates tries to achieve with the buidling creating a much warmer feel.

ARCHITECTS - Thomas Adams

42 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

ARCHITECTS - Thomas Adams 10

Sergison Bates

Urban housing and studios, Vienna

FOCUS

URBAN FORM AND CLIMATE ANALYSIS

DETAIL

Sergison Bates architects

The housing complex, which consists of three cubic building volumes, occupies a corner site near the southeastern edge of rudolf bednar Park. Although essentially free-standing, the buildings have been positioned so close together that they appear as one compound element. The rotational figure of the Vienna project’s composition and the precise, off-set positioning of the buildings make the gaps between the three structures one of the ensemble’s defining characteristics, While the project falls outside the traditional housing categories of perimeter block, court or free-standing block , the complex nonetheless embodies certain qualities of each typology. the result is an urban form that feels familiar yet simultaneously possesses an unusually monumental openness.

A key aspect of the design and Sergison Bates principles is the attention to detail. This can be seen in the junction between the concrete and the render on the pillars. The render ‘tucks’ underneath minimally detailed concrete cladding which intersects with the floor. This attention to the small details, making sure that the junctions fit as cleanly as possible epitomises the firms design process and their deep consideration of architecture.

Sunlight around the site

43 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

ARCHITECTS - Thomas Adams

DAWEI ZHAO

Urban housing and studios, Vienna

IMPACT ON SURROUNDINGS

LIGHTING

Sergison Bates architects

Contextual composition/materiality

New route through buildings

Greenery around the site

44 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

The integration of the three blocks in the city is excellent. It is not obtrusive or loses its characteristics. The color of the facade is similar to the surrounding buildings, giving the block a new sense of integration.The three buildings are scattered and created, and a new pedestrian path is created between the buildings, which reasonably connects the blocks and the green space with the park. Give a good experience to those who travel in the city. Another advantage of this It maintains the ecological balance and allows the natural wind from the northwest to enter the block.

DAWEI ZHAO 13

The building has a large number of openings, including doors, windows, and others, using a lot of glass, It is roughly estimated that the external openings account for 30% of the four facades of the building, which makes the entire building use the maximum natural light and reduces the lighting power consumption of the building. It greatly reduces the power consumption. Pressure, and reduce the carbon emissions of the entire building.

DAWEI ZHAO 14

Urban housing and studios, Vienna

Creative Response

VENTIILATION

Housing

Sergison Bates architects

Environmental Responsible

A fully recessed balcony protects from the wind however has less sun exposure. compared to cantilever balcony and semi-recessed balcony . Recessed balcony is a good design move due to Vienna’s climate.

The building has a lot of openings, including doors, windows, and balconies,bring a large amount of natural wind from the northwest, reducing the pressure of mechanical ventilation and reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

The section drawing illustrates big oppening of the flats to enable ventilation which is very important in a multi story building . Locating the roof terrace on the south of the building facing the sun. This communal area is accessible to all resident to experience and enjoy for social events.

South Facing Terrace

DAWEI ZHAO

45 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

Environmental Responsible- Alexander McCall 16

Creative Response

Modularity

Socially Responsible Housing

Modularity also means some of the construction is prefabricated. The building’s ground floor where the loggia is made out of prefabricated concrete panels,beams and posts. There was no construction detail available for the rest but it is assumed that the rest of the building is constructed in precast concrete.

The loggia places a big role in the social aspect of the design of the building. It enables a relationship to form between the three individual buildings to share a common language yet be represented differently. The massing of the three building and its location of the loggia creates an inner open air spaces that isn’t intimidating and inviting for pedestrience to weave through. It provides a sense of protection. The logia themselves are a great communal area for the residence.

The diagram on the right illustrates majority of the flats have different floor heights and changes in levels.

Modularity is using the same module in multiple configurations. Which enables a large variety of designs without using many component types.

L K

The floor plan demonstrate a module that is repeated in all the flats. Where the Kitchen, dining room and the living room are all surrounding and distributed around the tripleglazed person loggia/balcony. In the more wider context of the surrounding building designed by other architect they had that same module to fulfil an open are space in a form of a loggia or small balcony

D L

(Left to right; van Ballmoos Krucker, Sergison Bates and Werner Neuwirth)

D= Dinning Room

Social Responsible - Alexander McCall

46 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

L= Living room

K=Kitchen

MODULARITY - Alexander McCall 18

SIMILAR BUILDING COMPARISONS

Creative Response Material Efficiency

The key themes that this case study will be comparing across similar building types: -

Site Context Architectural Language Spatial Strategy External Space Sustainability

Three projects with which I chose to compare sergison bates Vienna project include two other european social housing projects, aswell as one of the other two ‘Three Houses in Vienna’

The surrounding buildings not only are similar in heights but similar in material and colour palletes. As seen in diagram on the left .

The three buildings that I will be comparing with Sergison Bates housing in Vienna are: Ballmoos Krucker housing in Vienna, 2013 - Figure 12

Stucco is cost-effective,versatile and durable. it is porous and adheres well to concrete and masonry surfaces. It can produce variety of surface textures. Stucco is fire resistant. However Production has extremely high embodied energy compared to other alternatives like lime render and earth render. Although it scores in the high end of the scale in terms of life cycle environmental costs.

EMBT’s Barajas Social Housing in Madrid, 2013 - Figure 13 Tecton and Tact Architects’ collaboration on Zellige Social Housing in Nantes, France, 2020 - Figure 14

Figure 11 - Segison Bates

Figure 12 - Ballmoos Krucker

The exposed prefabricated concrete construction on the lower floor contrast to the floors above it which are covered with stucco is an interestingcomposition. It looks as though the following floors above it are sitting on a pedestal making it look very monumental.

Figure 13 - EMBT

Material Efficiency - Alexander McCall

47 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

Figure 14 - Tectone and Tact

BUILDING COMPARISONS - Eleanor Jarah 20

Figure 15 - Plan drawn by Sergison Bates

Site and Context

Spatial Strategies

Sergison Bates and Ballmoos Krucker are located on the same site in Vienna. Since they were designed as part of the same project for the same client, they have a lot of thematic similarities. The buildings are almost identical in scale, with the same site constraints they were designed to have simmilar external elevations. The Three Houses in Vienna are situated on a small site in a relatively built up urban area of Vienna. The relatively small paved external space between Bates’ and Krucker’s buildings deters public activity. Whereas EMBT’s housing in madrid surounds a courtyard, creating and outside space that residents are encouraged to use collaboratively.

When comparing the spatial arrangement of Sergison Bates’ Housing in Vienna with similar housing types, it quickly became apparent that there are many unique spatial qualities about this building. Similarly to Bates’, Ballmoos Kruckers Vienna building has a central circulation, surrounded by a combination of one two and three bedroom apartments. Aswell as this EMBT’s housing in madrid is also made up of as collective of the same sixed apartments Collectively, the ‘Three Houses in Vienna’ have approximately 100 apartements, with Bates’ and Krucker accomodating a third of these each. EMBT created a much larger scheme in Madrid with their social housing scheme comprising of the same sized apartments, but a larger quanitity. Figure 23 - Sergison Bates Apartment Floor at Scale 1:200

Figure 16 - Plan drawn by Tectone and Tact

Architectural Language Figures 19 and 20 show the volumetric similarities between Bates’ and Krucker’s two Houses in Vienna, however identical rendering and similar facade spans distract from quite significant architectural differences. Sergison Bates chose a simpler facade, using the windows as gentle openings slotted into the facade, and the complimentary private balconies creating a variation in depth. Whereas Ballmoos Krucker chose an offensive pale concrete to extrude from the facade below private balconies and on the ground floor level. Whilst the timber frames that Bates’ chose bring warmth and an organic feel to their building, the exessive use of grey concrete in Krucker’s building, brings a much more cool toned, heavy and dated feel.

Figure Z

Figure 24 - Ballmoos Krucker Plans at Scale 1:400

The scheme in Madrid is also a lot more dispersed than the ‘Houses in Vienna’, with greater horizontal emphasis and fewer storey heights spreading the housing over a much wider site. The scale comparison of the two buildings can be seen between Figure 23 at 1:200 and Figure 26 at 1:800.

Figure 17 - Sergison Bates

Figure 25 - EMBT Housing

Similarly to Bates’, Textone and Tact Architects chose a sophisticated volemtric approach to their housing in Nantes. The indows and balcony spaces give the illusion of being punched into the facade, and the similar use of timber frames again warms the otherwise pale and cool facade cladding. In contrast, Barajas housing by EMBT has a much more playful and abstract language, the predominantly white facades common in spain, allow minimal thermal energy from the sun, keeping the internal spaces as cool as possible. The introduction of muted colours conveys a fun yet stil tasteful environment, whilst Sergison Bates’ housing feels more resreved and mature.

Figure 18 - Tectone and Tact

Figure 26 - EMBT Ground Floor plan at Scale 1:800

Figure 19- Sergison Bates

Figure 20 - Ballmoos Krucker

Figure 21 - EMBT

Figure 22 - Tectone and Tact

BUILDING COMPARISONS - Eleanor Jarah

48 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

Figure 27 - EMBT Courtyard

BUILDING COMPARISONS - Eleanor Jarah 22

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Figure 28 - Segison Bates

Figure 29 - Ballmoos Krucker

Figure 30 - EMBT

Figure 31 - Tectone and Tact

http://www.mirallestagliabue.com/project/barajas-social-housing-blocks/

Whilst the schemes offer a variety of access to external space, all building provide access to balconies. Sergison Bates, Ballmoos Krucker and Tectone and Tact all provide private balconies for each apartment, whereas EMBT have used the open access to individual apartments to provide social and communal balcony spaces, this can be seen in figure 30.

https://www.dezeen.com/2020/10/20/zellige-social-housing-apartment-nantes-tectone-tact-architectes/ https://sergisonbates.com/en/projects/urban-housing-vienna https://divisare.com/projects/343120-sergison-bates-architects-stefan-muller-urban-housing-nordbahnhof https://www.archdaily.com/948730/zellige-housing-complex-tectone-plus-tact-architectes http://www.vbk-arch.ch/preview-detail/items/id-157-nordbahnhof-wien.html https://divisare.com/projects/343120-sergison-bates-architects-stefan-muller-urban-housing-nordbahnhof

Communal Space and Ammenities

https://miesarch.com/work/1624

Tectone and Tacts’ housing has some spaces unique from Sergison Bates and the other comparative buildings. Both Sergison Bates’ and Tecton and Tact’s bulding have multipuropse communal areas for the residents, these can be seen in figures 33 (labelled B and D) and 32 (labelled no.2). In Figure 32, label 3 shows DIY workshops for the residents.

https://sergisonbates.com/de/projects/housing-vienna http://hicarquitectura.com/2013/04/sergison-bates-architects-urban-housing-and-community-space-nordbahnhof-vienna/ https://www.wbw.ch/en/magazine/reports/original-texts/2014-05-ensemble-in-vienna-by-werner-neuwirth-von-ballmooskrucker-and-sergison-bates.html http://karolinemayer.blogspot.com/2018/09/sergison-bates-pan-wohnpark.html https://www.e-flux.com/architecture/positions/280818/vienna-s-red-herring/ https://www.wbw.ch/en/magazine/reports/original-texts/2014-05-ensemble-in-vienna-by-werner-neuwirth-von-ballmooskrucker-and-sergison-bates.html> [Accessed December 2020]. https://www.wien.gv.at/stadtplan/en/grafik.aspx?lang=en&bookmark=4HFgRuvqI0ZVtAJF0BOXRO5Rphnp-c3Pmur3AegQ-b

Figure 32- Tectone and Tact Ground Floor at Scale 1:400

Sustainability and the Climate Crisis As previously discussed, the majority of the sustainable elements of Sergison Bates’ are technical, including great opportunity for naturall ventiallation. Although the building was completed in the last decade, there are already ways in which more recent constructions are making more of an effort to combat the climate crisis. Figure 32 shows external bike storage (labelled D) for residents at the Zellige housing complex, to encourage the use of bicycles and reduce the carbon footprint of users. This additional effort to reduce carbon footprint would be extpected with this recent construction having been completed this year (2020), and would be a good Figure 33- Sergison Bates Ground Floor at Scale 1:200 addition to any of the other building examples..

BUILDING COMPARISONS - Eleanor Jarah

49 | THEMATIC CASE STUDY

TESTING

Reflection In the testing stage it was very much about diving right into the design of the building starting with understanding the sun and wind, the sunlight being particularly important in the design with the tower overshadowing large parts of the tower during the morning and evening. I wanted to use steel in the building as I touched on before and this stage of designing, I had to incorporate it into the building whether that was internal or external. I had decided to keep the majority of the steel exposed; this exposure of structure is inline with the exposure of the concrete stairs in the current tower, and I feel that this was a key choice in my design, this helped to solidify my principles of reuse and make it visible to everyone. In this section I had an opportunity to explore the tower and podium in detail and practice ideas through multiple mediums, some less successful such as the idea of extra geometric patterns. This part of the module allowed me more time to investigate presidents, some such as Alexandra Road being instrumental in iterations of my design later. During this stage I also was able to investigate the experiential qualities of the site, allowing more area for circulation and community spaces these experiential studies led onto the thinking through making segment where I have incorporated steel use into an experiential space and explored how it would connect into the building. This whilst basic has helped me to decide on an architectural and structural strategy for the building.

51 | TESTING

Wind and Sun Paths

52 | TESTING

Reuse Precedent BedZED

BedZED is an incredible build from an environmental standpoint, it uses efficient materials with low carbon emmisions to create a low carbon foorprint housing scheme. A point which had peeked my interest was their use of steel from dismantled industrial buildings. This massively reduced the carbon footprint of the metal as it was sourced with no need for smelting.

Figure 7 : The BedZED Story

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Reuse response

I wanted to respond to BedZED’s design by reusing structural steel for the main design of my tower, this meant incorporating steel into the design in a way that allows it to also be architectural.

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Precedent study Alexandra Road

For the podium I found many precidents for my ideas. I wanted to keep the essence of 1960s community based living and develop it further into a design I could work with. This was starting to be realised with the idea that I would rehome any residents that got displaced by the tower into the podium structure for a more community based life.

Figure 8 : Images and Drawings of Alexandra Road

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Alexandra Road was important to me as it symbolised a time where you could easily talk to your neighbour whilst having privacy in your home

Additional Precedent Studies

Figure 9 : Images of Branch Hill

Figure 10 : Images of Branch Hill

Figure 11 : Images of Halen Estate

More precidents I studied included Branch Hill, Highgate New Town and the Halen Estate. These precidents all had something in common, use of greenery. I found that this was mainly used to blend these large estates into the surrounding atmosphere without completely hiding them. It is a sympathetic way to architecturally express yourself to the context.

Figure 12 : Images of Halen Estate

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Figure 13 : Image of Highgate New Town

Test fit of Alexandra Road Flats in Podium

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Initial Ideas for Stacking Flats

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Development of Shape and Structural Ideas

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Precedent Study Unite d’habitation

Figure 14 : Images and Section of Unite d’habitation

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For the tower thinking about community I had looked towards Le Corbusier’s Unité d’Habitation. This building uses a set of siccor shaped apartments to reduce the amount of space lost to corridors. I was particularly interested in the gain of space achieved with this design and was something I could use for my design to create homes in the tower habitable by families.

Ideas for a Diverse Tower

A colour coded idea of all the different flats, each flat seperated by colour, family spaces spanning 2 levels 61 | TESTING

Developing those Ideas in Section

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More Developed Fitment of the Stacked Podium Flats

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Developing Community Spaces

Basic perspective render of a space created by stacking flats that I have started to explore

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Precedent Study - 110 Rooms, MAIO

Figure 15: Images and Plan of 110 Rooms

Thinking towards interesting community spaces I looked towards 110 Rooms by Maio Architects, this set of flats has a beautiful reception style area which has many different colours and is visually stimulating. I wanted to capture an essence of this through my lower floors creating a more inviting space for residents and non-residents alike.

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Introducing More Ideas

An idea I had less success with was adding some sort of structure to the top of the tower to create a more inviting roof terrace, this I felt really removed from the minimalit approach I had taken up to this point that I had decided against moving forward with it

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Development of Architectural Style for the Site

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Artistic response

These atmospheric studies were in response to my ideas, it was the experience that I wanted to make clear in these images. On the left is a set of paths through the park leading to the tower, this originally had a spray painting wall as a concept but I had decided against it as the fumes could harm children. On the right is a study of the space inside the tower critically, I experimented with tile textures and use of space, the multiple ideas shown in this image will be taken through the rest of the design.

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Functional Response

Some initial renders looking at materiality and experience from a more technical perspective. On the left is ideas for materials and tones. The right depicts views out from loggias in the tower, something which I had picked up from the Thematic Case Study

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Initial Sections through site

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Ideas for Structural Elements and Flat Development

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Thinking through making - The Idea

In thinking through making I wanted to explore the idea of the steel in my building. This I could use more heavily and architecturally as I have decided to sustainable aquire the steel. These views together help show an idea and its realisation in model.

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Thinking through making - Steel Connection

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Thinking through making - Specific Steel Connection Ideas

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SYNTHESIS

Reflection This section depicts the final Ideas for the project and has been highly influenced by the technology module. This is because not only did I want to respond to the experience of the people but also the environmental impact of a new structure as depicted in my Theory into Practice essay. I was able to reduce construction time with modular thinking and create a service system in the tower which requires little heating. I also include in this section a 50-year plan for the future of Cruddas, outlining how I will aim for a net zero carbon output possibly even supplying electricity for the local communities around site. This was helpful for me to place my site and realise it in a more functional form. This technology work also was the way I decided on a restaurant style design for the overshadowed sections of the podiums. Whilst creating my celebration section it allowed me to correct mistakes I made in drawings. This allowed me to add in aspects of the design which did not previously exist such as the light shafts that enter the community spaces and shopping areas. I was able to use my understanding from technology to make improvements to the section as well including adding down stands to the structure to make it function better. I feel that this section is well considered but could have benefited from more consideration of the east and west of the tower, I also feel that my technology section is informative but basic in illustration. Overall, I am extremely proud of what I have been able to achieve in my circumstances even if it may appear slightly basic at times.

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Final Idea Massing Looking at my design from a massing perspective I have designed it to incorporate a high proportion of circulation space and communal areas to interact so that is encouraged greatly. Stacking the podium flats meant that the flats lead towards the park in front and directly to communal areas. I wanted to include a library space as newcaslte college is nearby and previously used the podium as an IT space, this gives them oppourtunity to use the space and interact with many people. Whilst considering sun paths I noticed an area of the podium lacks light in morings and evenings, these spaces are designated to resturants as they can be breakfast and dinner establishments. The reception area is at the base of the tower below the transfer slab, this allows it to also be a key circulation space for anyone to use. The shops are tucked under the secons row of flats and provides ample storage space and now backs onto a key circulation spot of not only residents but non residents wanting to access the library.

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Modular Thinking

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Designing for Faster Assembly

Thnking structurally I have included a large open, suspended walkway which will need much structural support to be held up. This could take a very long time to build on site and in the interest of saving time will be partially pre constructed before being moved to site to reduce construction time on site.

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Designing for Faster Assembly

Once on site the steel will be finalised and atached to the existing concrete transfer slab.

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Designing for Faster Assembly

Keeping with this theme I had researched MetSEC as an idea for the podiums construction. This prefab panel is constructed off site then will slot together, reducing displacement time of many current residents.

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Service Allocation

Showing where the services will go in the tower. Within an MF ceiling that routes any extra services needed.

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Technical Section and Elevation Detail

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Final Structural Steel System

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Ventilation Solution

An MVHR ventilation system will reduce the need for natural ventilation hugely, only really requiring it for ventilating smells that can acumulate in a room. This makes it a perfect addition to the project whilst construction is going on.

85 | SYNTHESIS

Planned Service distribution

Diagrams showing the sytems that will be in place after initial construction has been completed. Sticking with the current biomass heating and creating a water storage and distribution service.

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Service Distribution and Rainwater Solution

Heating and drainage were a concern so I have designed an internal runoff system for the tower. Also designed is water storage tank in line with the 2050 deisgn plan.

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Plan for 2050 - Solar Panels

A future addition to the site when necessary would be solar panels, possibly giving back electricity to the surrounding houses if enough are placed.

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Plan for 2050 - Ground Source Heat Pump

Whilst thermal efficiency will be high in the tower and there will be no need for an immediate exchange of heating systems, the biomass system is outdated and so a potential future change would be installing ground source heat pumps which span around the podium and absord the heat from the sun.

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Isometric View of Proposed Design

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Floorplans of Design Showing all Floors and Combinations

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Plan of Lowest Floor of the tower and Podium Plans

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Section Depicting Distribution of People

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Fire Strategy - Library Floor Main Escape Route

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Fire Strategy - Each Floor of Tower

The fire strategy allows for safe exit of the tower in a quick fashion. at the base of the tower especially there are highly safe escape routes which allowed for a quick exit of the Tower.

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Celebration Piece - Perspective Section of Site

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Perspective renders - Peoples Experience

Looking from the open walkway at the Library level we can see towards the City Centre and the podium housing. This shows how the space fits into its environment well with green roof flats leading down and out to green areas.

This is a more atmospheric drawing of the outer corridor on the west side of the tower. This corridor is natural shafts of light supplmented by small ceiling lights to create a more playful space. The ability for residents to see out onto the ground whilst walking to their apartments is an underapreciated method of travel, helping them feel grounded whilst high up.

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Perspective renders - Architectural Language

Below is a more atmospheric idea oh what the reception space below the transfer slab will be like. The raw concrete mixed with minimal glass serving a great architectural purpose with the high ceiling adding to the grandure of the area. The glass also helps this more overshadowed area absorb as much light as possible. The right image shows this feature in plan.

Above is a more detailed view of the staircase leading to the podium flats. This use of red steel connects the podium to the tower in an unmistakeable way and the red is a reference back to the 70s stylistic approach to the origional build, not being to clinical in design.

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Perspective renders - Key Circulation Points

To the left is an inhabited look as the shopping area at the northern most area of the tower. This area whilst appearing starved from light, beinifits from light wells in the top of the podium as does the community area. This helps to keep these places quality space and appealing to people. This is also a key area of circulaion providing acces to the road, podium and tower. The right shows the light wells in plan.

To the left of this text is a view out from the podium and a more artistic look at the materials and how they combine. The structural steel helps create an airyness to the heavy concrete with the glass facade of the reception area drawing the eye to the large structural podiums below the transfer slab.

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Floor Plans of Three Key Rooms - Annotated

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Floor Plans of Three Key Rooms - Annotated

These three plans show a more logical look at the use of space in the tower It is of note to mention that the single occupancy housing is small so use of space was carfully considered. This space is much higher quality then the previous spaces that the tower residents were living in and allow them to have a higher quality of life, especially considering they have large community rooms in the centre of the tower to look to. In the future these spaces will be used for couples looking for a stepping stone onto the property ladder as they are large enough to house two for a short period of time. The red dotted line on the podium plan signifies where the flat above rests on top.

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Floor Plans of Three Key Rooms - Inhabited

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Floor Plans of Three Key Rooms - Inhabited

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Bibliography

Ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk. n.d. Alexandra Road. [online] Available at: <https://www.ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk/projects/display/id/1834> Ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk. n.d. Cambridge Street. [online] Available at: <https://www.ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk/projects/display/id/7956> BioRegional. [n.d.]. BedZED: The BedZED Story. Available at: <https://www.bioregional.com/resources/bedzed-the-story-of-a-pioneering-eco-village> Brown, Neave. (1967). THE FORM OF HOUSING. Architectural Design, vol. 37, no. 9. The videos Housing in Camden, Architectural Design, March 1972, LETI. 2020. Climate Emergency Design Guide. [online] Available at: <https://www.leti.london/cedg> Macdonald, H., n.d. Estate of the art - Issue 65 - Magazine. [online] Monocle. Available at: <https://monocle.com/magazine/issues/65/estate-of-theart/> MAIO. n.d. MAIO – Architectural office based in Barcelona. [online] Available at: <https://www.maio-architects.com/project/110-rooms/> Metsec. n.d. Metframe Steel Framing | Specification Manual | Metsec. [online] Available at: <https://www.metsec.com/products/metframe/> Municipal Dreams. 2013. The Branch Hill Estate, Camden: ‘the most expensive council housing in the world’. [online] Available at: <https://municipaldreams.wordpress.com/2013/07/02/the-branch-hill-estate-camden-the-most-expensive-council-housing-in-the-world/> Someone Has Built It Before. 2011. MVRDV & Le Corbusier and the ultimate inspiration building, Le Corbusier’s “Unite D’habitation” in Marseille. [online] Available at: <https://archidialog.com/2011/11/28/mvrdv-le-corbusier-and-the-ultimate-inspiration-building-le-corbusiers-unite-dhabitation-in-marseille/>

104 | BIBLIOGRAPHY

List of Figures

Figures Include only Work that was not edited/Created by myself Figure 1 - Image of Cruddas Park Available at: <https://co-curate.ncl.ac.uk/cruddas-park/> Figure 2 - Images Sourced From groupwork of other students as I was unable to attend site Figure 3 - Screenshots from Building Sights - Trellick Tower (1991) Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66z3ppdDElc&t=379s> Figure 4 - Screenshots from The Smithsons on Housing Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH5thwHTYNk&t=801s> Figure 5 - Cambridge Street Hodder + Partners, Manchester, 2016 Available at: <https://www.ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk/projects/display/id/7956> Figure 6 - LETI Climate Emergency Design Guide Screenshots Available at: <https://www.leti.london/cedg> Figure 7 - The BedZED story Available at: <https://www.bioregional.com/resources/bedzed-the-story-of-a-pioneering-eco-village> Figure 8 - Alexandra Road Images and Drawings Available at: <https://www.ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk/projects/display/id/1834> Figures 9,10 - Images of Branch Hill Available at: <https://municipaldreams.wordpress.com/2013/07/02/the-branch-hill-estatecamden-the-most-expensive-council-housing-in-the-world/> Figures 11,12 - Images of The Halen Estate Available at: <https://monocle.com/magazine/issues/65/estate-of-the-art/> Figure 13 - Image of Highgate New Town Available at: <http://modernarchitecturelondon.com/buildings/highgatenewtown.php> Figure 14 - Image and Drawing of Unite d’Habitation, Le Corbusier Available at: <https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/15/le-corbusier-unite-d-habitation-cite-radieuse-marseille-brutalist-architecture/> Figure 15 - Images and Drawing of 110 Rooms, MAIO Architects Available at: <https://www.maio-architects.com/project/110-rooms/>

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APPENDIX

10m

FT LI

LI FT

FT LI

LI FT