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ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO 2020-2021 170665195 Weaving In Wallsend 1

Contents Illustrated Reflective Diary Cultural bibliography

8-12

Project Framing

13-35

Thematic Case Study Report

36-53

Project Testing

55-87

Thinking Through Making

88-90

Project Synthesis Bibliography / References / Illustration List

3-7

92-123 124-127

Illustrated Reflective Diary

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER

Fig. 1 - Forum History Collage

There is an old saying that the way to get started is to quit talking and begin to do. My understanding of this sentence is that on the road of learning, I need to take the initiative to obtain knowledge. As an overseas student, I was a typical Chinese student before I came to study in the UK. In the traditional Chinese education, knowledge is imparted by teachers and students understand what the teachers mean, which is a passive way of learning. During my study in the UK, I have been striving to find a suitable way to study architecture. Because of the COVID-19 epidemic, this year's learning has been different from any other year. I studied architecture this year by remote learning from my home in China, where 5,000 miles away from the UK. During the epidemic, it took me a while to adjust to the new way of working. Although this period is very difficult, the tutor and the school provided us with as much support as possible in our mental health and studies. I am grateful to think that I stepped out of my comfort zone and mastered many new skills in this special semester. This semester, I participated in many online seminars and tutorials, and learned a lot of digital skills. After three years of study, I found that self-study ability and active exercise skills are indispensable. I am glad that I can master the active learning method.

During this year, Weaving in Wallsend Studio provided me with a good perspective on the architecture -- Urban Commons. This concept enriches my values as an architect. The theme of our studio is to explore the concept of civic lives through the construction of "urban Commons". We want to combine public resources and community facilities with the urban ecology to create an inclusive living space for citizens. The most exciting thing about the graduation project is the depth of our research on the architectural aspect. The tutors not only helped us conduct investigation at the architectural design level, but also we learned from the culture of studio that architectural practice is a social behavior influenced by political, social and economic motives. This concept has taught us to look at architecture critically.

Fig. 2 - A collage of the interior of the shopping center

Fig. 3 - A day in the life

What I really appreciate about stage 3 modules is that they are closely connected with other architecture modules. In the ARC 3013 Architectural Technology Report, I mastered the ability to combine Architectural Technology with Architectural design. The technology module allows me to integrate the theory of building sustainability into the building technology in more detail. In my design, the roof space combined with greening design satisfies the landscape function while the existence of plants protects the roof structure to the greatest extent, prolongs the life of the building, and reduces the maintenance cost of the house. This mutually beneficial relationship is key to the popularity of green architecture. In addition, the structural and environmental strategies of construction help me to study and reflect on sustainable architecture in more comprehensive way. In ARC 3014, I understand the process required for a building from conceptual design to completion. At the same time, I reflected on the identity of the architect in this process. In the end of my essay, I also reflected on the benefits that architecture brings to the city in terms of culture, society and economy. This consideration coincides with the theme of my studio. In the Framing phase, I made a detailed and critical reading of the public space through some 3D pictures, collages and hand drawings to understand how citizens use this community space. These architectural expressions aroused my interest. In ARC 3015 - Theory into practice. I did a lot of research on axonometry and collage history. I found the architectural illustration is a vital carrier to express architectural ideas and a useful tool to collect information in architects' creation. I examined the drawing techniques of different architects to understand the expressive characteristics of axonometric drawings and collages. And I figured out how to use this expression to translate the theoretical aspects of my design into a fully realized project.

As Wates & Knevitt (1987:119) argued that as “the built environment is too complex and inter-dependent to be fragmented…it has to be treated as a whole system.”Through the study in WIW Studio, I understand that we should critically view the connection between architecture and society, as well as the political consciousness and civic responsibility of architecture. I hope my project has provided a good community service for the residents of Wallsend, contributed to the economic development of the city and improved the environmental quality of the area.

Fig.4 - Aerial view of my final design

The journey of learning architecture is exciting and challenging. Although I may not pursue a career as an architect in the future, the three-year study of architecture will provide me with a broader and diversified choice in the future.

ILLUSTRATED CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY Architecture software learning Due to the impact of COVID-19, I had to study at home at the beginning of the semester.I used the network resources to find the learning seminar of Rhino. From October to December 2020, I made use of my spare time to complete the study of the modeling software Rhino.

Fig. 5 - photo of online study

Architecture software study camp During the shor t holiday of Easter, I joined the training camp of building software and had a 7-day training. During this period I practiced my architectural rendering skills. This ability helped me to complete the beautiful architectural rendering at the last Synthesis stage.

Fig. 6 - photo of architecture study camp

Book Study

Fig. 7 - photo of Frank Lloyd Wright's E-book

My ARC 3060 dissertation topic was about Frank Lloyd Wright, so I read a lot of his books and works. This book is just one of them. In addition, Wright's concept of organic architecture conforms to the concept of sustainable architecture in modern society. This concept has helped me deepen my critical thinking on the concept of green building.

Fig. 8 - Book of axonometric and oblique drawing

Book Study In ARC 3015 - Theory into practice. Through reading these two books, I realized that no matter three-dimensional axonometric drawing or twodimensional collage, they are the medium between architectural design concept and architectural space. I can express my initial understanding of space through this medium and use this means to turn my spatial imagination into reality. The process from nothing to something is the most crucial part that I was inspired by the architects.

Fig. 9 - Book of Space, time and architecture

Book Study In my spare time, I like to do some architectural hand-drawing. Because the COVID-19 I could not go out, I made some works based on the photos.

Fig. 11 - Photo of Huang He Lou

Fig. 10 - Sketch of Huang He Lou

Fig. 13 - Sketch of Robie House

Fig. 12 - Photo of Robie House

The theme of our studio is to explore the concept of urban space through the construction of "urban Commons". In this stage, we explored and created critical space by looking for different types of space. In addition to the exploration of space at the design level, we also undertook a series of practices to understand the way of contemporary citizens live and the space required for this lifestyle. At this stage, I try to construct such a state of civic life through a series of design practice. The second part of this phase is an exploration of the Wallsend, which is the site of our final design this year. Due to the influence of COVID-19, we were not able to visit the site directly, but had to view the Wallsend remotely via Google Earth on the Internet. The lack of on-site exploration of the site has made it difficult for me to understand the Wallsend. Nevertheless, I have some preliminary understanding and thinking about the site.

Fig. 13 Studio Theme Cover

Project Framing One

Atlas of Commons

Fig. 15 - Seattle library's communication area. Fig. 14 - Seattle library

Case study- Seattle library

In this stage, I will make a detailed and critical reading of the public space through some 3D pictures, collages and hand drawings to understand how citizens use this community space. In Atlas of Commons, My invsetigation study is seattle libeary, which is designed by Rem Koolhaas. According to the explanation of koolhaas, its architecture creation are followed from the new way of abstract concepts to form creation. This is perhaps Rem Koolhaas derivatives of urban studies. For me, Koolhaas’s design method of designing space based on people’s behavior and activity is interesting to me.v 15

Key words: <Community> <Public and private> <Interaction>

Fig. 16 - Seattle library axomatric analysis diagram

I focused on the third floor of the library, they called this space "living room". The core area of this layer is the communication area. I give 3 key words about this space community,private and public, interaction. 16

Fig. 17 - Seattle library third floor plan

Fig. 18 - Communication area activities in Seattle library

Fig. 19 - Seattle library's third floor 3D-axomatric analysis diagram

The communication area is on the east side of the library,which occupies the best vision and light. Next to this area is the reading section and study section. In general, the communication area may be affected people who study here. So the designer installed a very thick sound-absorbing foam on the ceiling of this floor to keep the learning area quiet. This floor is also the main entrance to the library,The reading area and community area can also be a part of the traffic circulation area.The connection and interaction of different function space is very interesting.

Through this investigation, I found that the interactivity of space is one of the core of urban Common.

Reading Wallsend At this stage I began a preliminary study of the Wallsend area. Due to the COVID-19, we were unable to reach the Wallsend area, so this initial study of Wallsend was limited to remote research on the Internet. With the knowledge of digitized work in the Atlas Commons phase, I decided to develop these creative practices to express my initial understanding of the Wallsemd region. In addition, I benefited a lot from the work of the other team members in the studio, whose research work gave me a deeper understanding of the history and culture of Wallsend. Team cooperation has greatly enhanced my ability of communication and teamwork.

Fig. 20 - Picture of the forum shopping mall

Fig. 21 - The forum climate analysis diagram

Reading Wallsend- Ecology On the site map, I was tring find out the effect of climate on site.For example, sun path and sun direction will affect the layout of design. Like the Seattle library, the main Spaces are typically designed in areas with the most sunlight, Secondary Spaces are typically placed in backlit areas, such as bathrooms. The southwest wind is more in this area, so We should consider the position of public space in designing buildings without being affected by the climate. 19

Reading Wallsend- Ecology It is my first attempt to use digital methods to complete climate analysis. Although distance learning has limitations, it allows me to master new design practices through online learning

Fig. 22 - 3DV Climate analysis diagram

Reading Wallsend- Ecology Through the analysis of the ecology of Wallsend area by other members of the group, I found that the whole Wallsend is very short of natural landscape ecology and design.Only the Richardson Dees park to the nor th of the site with the design center has a greening system of any scale. The lack of nature in the cite center is one of the shortcomings of Wallsend.

Fig. 23 - Section of Richardson Dees Park(Shu Han Janeen Seah. (2020) Group photos)

Fig. 24 - Limited greening in Wallsend

Reading Wallsend-History How the Historical Landmarks transformed community rituals and lives in Wallsend (post de-industrialisation): a history of demolition Industrialisation: Shipyards and Colliery Colliery Houses were built close to the many pit shafts, and waggonways were built to transport the coal to the River Tyne, where it could be loaded on to ships, Industry dominated the town as terraced streets were developed to house the expanding workforce.The production of marine supplies remains significant, coal mining has ceased and traditional industries have given way to light manufactures and service activities, making engineering an important activity in Wallsend. De-Industrialisation:declineof manufacturingtownsandsocial disintegration. The dull living conditions that were a product of the hostile economic climate at the time Fig. 25 - Wallsend History Collage(Ameerah Pg Kasmirhan . (2020) Group photos)

Reading Wallsend- Life Wallsend has a number of residential areas, they are around the For um Shopping Mall. The main activity of citizens is to go shopping in Forum Shopping Mall or the surrounding retail stores. Most of the residences in Wallsend are two-bedroom rental apartments. Many people have to choose to live in Wallsend due to the high housing price, but will take the subway to work in Newcastle. In general, finding a job in Wallsend is difficult, and many people do not have a job or the salary is too low. The economic situation in wallsend is terrible. Citizen do not want to stay at wallsend, but prefer to go to the neighbouring big city Newcastle

Fig. 26 -Life in WallsendAmeerah Pg Kasmirhan . (2020) Group photos)

Rituals of Civic Life The use of material I also creatively tried the application of axonometry. By focusing on modeling in Sketch Up software, I simply created a recreation area for children inside Forum shopping mall. Through research, I found that warm color decoration can bring happiness to children.Outfitting of soft and qualitative carpet shop can prevent children from falling. These findings let me understand that different visual, tactile and other sensory factors can create different atmospheres for common space.

Fig. 27 - Exploration of Children's Activities

Project Framing Two

An Ethical Framework Two car park

Wa l l s e n d C u s t o m e r F i r s t Center

Open car park and sunken car park near Elton East St. One of the entrances to the shopping center

Crowd area in Wallsend, the main event area.One of the entrances to the shopping center

Green Space Untended green Spaces.

RoofTop Staff Parking service Fig. 28 - 1:500 Site Strategy Axo

Main Mall Entrance Indoor shopping walkway. The interior of the building is connected to the negative first floor of the sunken parking lot

Fig. 29 - 1:200 Sectional Proposition

The Moment The architectural illustration is a vital carrier to express architectural ideas and a useful tool to collect information in architects' creation. Axonometric drawing has become a widely used technique in the field of design by its excellent expression. It can fully show the design idea's multi-information, convey the real sense of space, present and promote the design concept. In addition, modern architectural collage, which has excellent expressive potential and artistic effect, provides a more substantial visual experience and enriches architectural illustrations' content.

Fig. 30 - Citizens buy Metro tickets to work in Newcastle

SCENES OF COMMUNAL LIFE After completing a preliminary understanding of the site, I began to try to imagine the scene of civic life in Wallsend.I have illustrated my exploration of the functional concept of Wallsend's public community space through a series of drawings. In my ARC3015 Theory Into Practice essay, I studied the painting skills of different architects to understand the expression characteristics of these two painting skills, and how did I use this expression to translate the theoretical aspects of my design into a fully realized project

Fig. 31 - Citizens shopping in markets and retail stores

Fig. 32 - Citizens shopping at the Forum Shopping Mall

Fig. 33 - Citizens shopping at the Forum Shopping Mall

Visual Brief As par t of my Framing Stage review, I experimentally created a piece of montage named "A day in the life" as my work. Although I have not yet defined the exact layout of the different spaces, I have a rough plan for the outdoor square space in my scheme. I combined a series of characters, vegetation, buildings, and Spaces in Adobe Photoshop. The purpose of this montage is to illustrate my imagination of the common space in this area. I think the function of the space should be distinguished by the people who are living in it. This drawing records the daily life of middle-aged and elderly residents in my imagination. This square can be a place to exercise, a place to eat lunch, a place to grow plants, a place to relax. All these places together form the daily life patterns of the inhabitants and articulate the architectural narrative.

Fig. 34 - A day in the life

Climate Crisis Response Progamme Schemes -Retrofit -Low Energy Construction Techniques -Easily Removable Timber Frames -Locally sourced material -Hire local workers

Construction Schemes -Urban Farming -Green Roof -Renewable Energy -Solar shading -Rainwater Collection

Fig. 35 - Climate crisi response

Celebration Piece Wallsend Forum, 1970s

Wallsend Forum, 2000s Wallsend Forum, April 1981

Wallsend Forum, 2016

Wallsend Forum, artist’s impression,1960s Wallsend Forum, October 1996

The For um has been around for 55 years since it opened in 1966. Over the decades, it has been renovated and has become a household name in Wallsend. From the humble streets in 1966 to the dilapidated shopping centers in the 2000s, to the commercial complex providing public services connecting the residential areas and retailers in the surrounding areas in 2016. To some extent, the change in the shopping centre represents a historical shift in Wallsend.I combined photos from different ages of Wallsend Forum through collage. I hope to explore the spatial changes of the outdoor plaza in the shopping center in this way to explore the historical and cultural changes, and also regard it as a continuation of the city's memory.

Fig. 36 - Forum History Collage

Thematic Case Study Report

AgroCité atelier d’architecture autogérée

Agrocité Introduction Agrocité was initiated in 2008 by Constantin Percou and Doina Petrescu from Atelier d’Archiecture Autogéreé (AAA). Originally located in Colombes, the project moved to a new site in 2018 at Gennevilliers to make space for a car park proposed by the local council. The scheme is part of the R-Urban citizen ecological transition strategy, which has been developing a series of local, ecological and civic facilities around urban agriculture, shared use and social solidarity since 2008. The Agrocité consists of a building made from partly recycled materials which is surrounded by plots dedicated to market gardening, individual plots, collective plots for the Agrocité kitchen and educational plots. It is a civic place open to all residents and associations dedicated to enivronmental and collective practices.

Contents

Eloise Littler Question 1: How does the case study relate to the Architect’s theoretical position / how does it explore their ideas / preoccupations?

Peng Yin Question 2: How does the case study demonstrate advocacy?

Charlie Kay Question 3: How does the case study demonstrate critical spatial practice?

Luca Philo Question 4: How does the case study relate to its environmental / climate crisis context?

ACROCITÉ - THE AAA

ELOISE LITTLER

THEORETICAL POSITION 4. How does the case study relate to the Architect’s theoretical position / how does it explore their ideas / preoccupations?

The Atelier D’Architecture Autogérée (aaa) is a collective practice, based in Bagneux, in the South of Paris. It was co-founded in 2001 by Constantin Petcou and Doina Petrescu. The practice is made up of architects, artists, urban planners, landscape designers, sociologists and students - however, most importantly they stress the need for resident participation at every stage of the design process. The aaa aims to promote resilience, through schemes which function through civic participation. Based on citizen’s dynamics and local networks, projects offer local residents new opportunities, providing education and transferable skills. The aaa works through ‘urban tactics’, encouraging local resident participation and the self-management of disused urban space. ‘Micro-political acting’ is enforced, to make the space more accessible, and less dependant on a top-down approach. The methods by the practice contrast to other regeneration proposals, as they are usually run by specialist teams and facilitated by managerial structures. The aaa allows the architects, designers and planners to all take an active role as initiators, facilitators, mediators and work in civic partnership.

KEY WORDS USED TO DESCRIBE THE AAA’S DESIGN AIMS AND INTENTIONS

ACROCITÉ - THE AAA

ELOISE LITTLER

CONSTANTIN PETCOU AND DOINA PETRESCU Constantin Petcou is a Paris based architect, who states that his work stresses the intersection between architecture, urbanism, service design and semiotics. Doina Petrescu is a professor at the University of Sheffield, as well as an architecture and design activist. Both described their role as activators - reinventing urban commons by focusing on political agendas as well as social and economic. Awards: Zumtobel Prize for Sustainability and Humanity 2012, the Curry Stone Design Prize 2011, the European Prize for Urban Public Space 2010, the Prix Grand Public des Architectures contemporaines en Métropole Parisienne 2010, and has been a finalist at the EIB Social Innovation Tournement 2014.

Doina Petrescu’s book Altering Practices was formed after a conference in which architects were talking about the recent production of the diversity and difference of feminism within spatial practices. The book aims to identify the politics and poetics of the relationship between art and architecture, through pieces written by feminist architects.

Petrescu describes her work as ‘collective reconstructions’ - referring to the ways of doing and un-doing, making and re-making space, according to ‘altered’ rules and values. She sees these ways and both poetic and political. She also highlights that the methods of ‘curating’ and ‘care taking’ within architecture can be seen as processes of reconstruction and reproduction. She sees this as bearing ethical and emotional charge, and states that kind of work is always associated with women.

ACROCITÉ - THE AAA

R-URBAN

ELOISE LITTLER

- a framework centred around ‘civic hubs’ which allow communities to enhance their resilience through a range of interconnected initiatives.

NETWORKING R-URBAN NETWORK

• • •

Establishes resilience networks and initiatives in neighbourhoods through a variety of active individuals and local organisations, merged with civic support. Networks increase the value of resourcefulness, produc es a more even power distribution. Each hub is flexibly connected to small local networks as well as the larger R-Urban network - enables an open system.

PARTICIPATION • • R-URBAN PARTICIPATION

•

Allows citizens who choose to be involved to participate fully in the implementation of the strategy. This includes everything from events and training activi ties, to running the hubs. Citizens become the key agents to innovation and change, generating alternative social and economic or ganisations, collaborative projects and shared spaces, producing new forms of commons.

LOCAL ECOSYSTEMS • • • R-URBAN LOCAL ECOSYSTEMS

•

Generates local ecosystems of existing and new servic es. Residents are encourages to buy local products, but also make their own products. The spatial design processes of commons facilitates the hands-on activities of citizens. Long term aim - development of socio-ecosystems at local, regional and international scales.

ACROCITÉ - THE AAA

ELOISE LITTLER

A RESILIENT COMMUNITY In this drawing I have tried to visualise the community aspect of Agrocite. The practice cannot function with out each part - architects, urban planners, residents e.t.c. - all working together harmoniously. Through this shared collaborative process, they are able to create a scheme which revolves around participation and inclusivity. There is no hierarchy, everyone works together to create a resilient city.

Advocacy-Client Agrocite's clients are Columbus's 84,000 residents, but due to space constraints, they can only offer 60 venues for family use. The architects decided that 40 homes were appropriate because more land meant more difficult management. Their project is very popular. According to the director of R-Urban Studios, they said the waiting list for the project is long and rotating. While waiting for land allocation, residents need to regularly participate in collective life.

Catherine is busy baking cakes for the café. “It fills my free time, and you meet a lot of people. We learn from each other.”

Architects said, "It's not just a matter of farming "They hope residents can regard this land as an investment in their lives. And hope they can fully pitch in it.

Benoît is a local resident. He said:“You see, here my daughter and I can grow our own vegetables, and we don’t use any pesticides. Organic fruits and vegetables are really expensive, so getting an allotment here has been nice.”

FIG.2 Residents' Feedback

FIG.1vv About 60 families can participate in the programt

Advocacy-Community Activities

Experimental Micro-farm In the shared garden, people can grow their favorite vegetables here. They can also breed poultry or bees in the backyard of the garden. FIG.3 Gardening

Community Space In community space, they usually hold group activities like market fairs. Residents can trade eggs and vegetables that they harvest at Agrocite. FIG.4 Local Markting

Educational and Cultural Space

Agrocite is an agricultural centre built on a 3,000-square-metre plot in the heart of a social housing complex that includes an experimental micro-farm, community gardens, educational and cultural Spaces.Different areas have different social functions, and here the residents are the masters

In Educational and Cultural Space, they usually Organized workshops on gardening and cooking courses. Architects sometimes organized collective Governance sessions with residents to discuss development of Argrocite.

FIG.5 Project Meeting

Comments for Agrocite Architect's thought

FIG.6 Constantin Petcou, Project Leader

R-urban studio found that the social relationship between residents and the city is gradually disappearing through research on Columbus. They thought As architects, they have the responsibility to restore this connection by rebuilding largescale communities. After investigation, a shared garden was established on the open space in the suburbrns of Columbus. FIG.7 Constantin Petcou, Project Leader

Agrocite Feature Shared gardens have two features., First of all, the public space attributes of shared gardens can strengthen social bonds. Secondly, the unique ecological properties of shared gardens can change people’s lifestyles. For example, poultry farming, plant cultivation requires residents to spend more time in sharing gardens. In a sense, it encourage locals to focus on socializing.

FIG.8

Poultry farming

FIG.9 Plant cultivation

Relationship Between Architects and Agrocite The project has attracted the attention of some people from all trades and professions. Some of them founded workshop to teach useful agriculture skills to locals. Others help agrocite set up its own community committee and realized self-management. As r-urban studio said, they are invisible architects. They created and managed agrocite. Then, they attracted residents to join, and manage with them together. At the end, they pulled out, and let the residents manage agrocite themselves.

FIG.10 Communal cooking session in the “Agrocité” pavilion

FIG.11 workshop

In the last collage, I dislocation the ground and the sky. And arranged Agrocite’s surrounding building irregularly. The aim is to show the relationship between Argocite and the surrounding context.

Demonstrating Critical Spatial Practice Charlie Kay

Political Resilience Aware of the urgency of concerted action, R-Urban’s political ambitions with the Agrocité are to facilitate citizen engagement in order to achieve an ecological transition strategy. The plan is to use emerging practices that will change urban lifestyles in order to combat the ongoing global crises of global warming, air pollution, resource depletion, the collapse of biodiversity and the energy crisis. R-Urban are calling on political, institutional and media decision-makers to support them in their collective endeavour and the site in Gennevillers is often used as an example in presentations delivered by R-Urban of how various solutions such as reversible and organic architecture can be used to preserve a habitable planet and a democratic society. Schools Several universities and schools have made visits to Agrocité in order to learn more about the sustainable city of tomorrow.

Research

481

Agrocité provides a platform for exploration, action and research around urban changes and emerging social and political practices in the contemporary city.

Social Resilience The creation of Agrocité saw the collection of residents from all disciplines project leaders, activists, students and elected officials to discuss and reflect on the city of tomorrow. Residents have been a huge part of every stage of the Agrocité project from the construction and design of the buildings and planting of the gardens to the management of the café and the architecture workshop. R-Urban’s intentions with Agrocité are to initiate and support civic dynamics of urban agriculture and to support cultural and educational activities. Regarding this, all citizens are required to invest in local collective activities that mix conviviality with the resilience of everyday life. This includes composting of organic waste, shared gardens, recycling and soft mobility. As a place for teaching, learning and researching, AAA have set up an architecture workshop on site which helps promote AAA’s ideas of ‘urban tactics’ where they encourage the participation of inhabitants in the self management of abandoned urban spaces and the initiation of intervening practices that explore potentialities in contemporary cities.

Composting of organic waste Part of R-Urban’s approach is to reduce and reuse household organic waste. Residents are therefore encouraged to use the compost bins located on the site.

Shared Gardens Sixty individual plots and six large collective plots are available to all of the inhabitants in the district of Genevilliers to encourage sustainable food growth and social connection.

Recycling Part of the Agrocité scheme is to motivate all residents in the district to recycle in order to fight the ongoing crises of air pollution, resource depletion and global warming.

Reintegration Events and talks are often held at the Agrocité where residents from all walks of life are invited to participate, encouraging the reintegration of the local society.

249

Agrocité

ING

Evironmental and Climate Crisis : Response LUCA PHILO

AGRICULTURE

W GRO

+20%

Agrocité Colombes was the first of three planned constructions within a housing estate in in Colombes, Paris. The East facing dismountable building functions “under the principles of economic and ecological circuits”. The construction, material choice, spatial and technical organisation are designed to fulfil the requirements of sustainable circular processes of production, consumption and reuse. These ‘urban tactics’ within Argocite embody the response of Atelier d’architecture autogérée (AAA) to the environmental and climate crisis’. By fostering an engaged, citizen-led ecological transition as part of circular economies, AAA provide the community the tools and architecture to combat urban pressures.

TON CONSULTA

TOOLS FO O

CIR

CUL AR ECO NOM

IES

ORGANIC ING

L EL

PED

AGO

-20%

ING

EAT TEACH

SIGN

INHG

Fig.1 Another tenet of Agrocité, and all R- Urban projects alike, is to build ‘urban resilience’. Resilient social, economic and ecological networks are enabled by the architecture of Agrocité and the associated 1700m2 cultivated plot, including an “experimental farm, a community-garden and a pedagogical garden”1. Resilient practices fostered within the premises are sustained by a practicing community of engaged stakeholders. Growers, buyers, sellers, users and volunteers commit to “expand[ing] beyond a cursory participatory approach, as they invest their time exhaustively in the long-term trajectory of live projects”2. Promoting new, resilient ways of living within urban communities constitutes AAA’s primary response to the environmental and climate crisis’. Doina Petrescu describes the complexity of the social arrangement in Colombes. In an area of high 1 “AID - R-Urban”, Architectureindevelopment.Org, 2020 <https://www.architectureindevelopment.org/project.php?id=463> [Accessed 11 December 2020]. 2 Hélène Frichot, Catharina Gabrielsson and Helen Runting, Architecture And Feminisms (London: Rout50 ledge, 2018).

COOKING

FUN

FOUND MATERIALS

ILD IN G

DE CO -

DRA

ISIN

G -20%

ORT

SP RAN

Fig.2 unemployment and retirement, volunteers and self-employed workers make-up the majority stakeholders. Where profit comes after participation, 20% of all profits made must be returned to a collective pot. Doina explains, “[in this way] we produced a complex flow that was both ecological and economic, and circulated between the two units that were built, Agrocité and Recyclab”3. 3

Ibid.

Reclaimed Windows and Doors

Material Response

Corrugated Plastic

OSB Screw Piles

Fig.3

Fig.4

Scaffold Boards

REUSED MATERIALS

LOW-IMPACT BUILDING

Roof mounted Solar Panels

AgroCite Fig.5

FAMILIAR CONSTRUCTION

Fig.6 Stone Foundation and Retaining Walls

REDUCED CARBON FOOTPRINT

Straw Bale Insulation

Fig.11 Fig.7

Fig.9

Fig.8

Fig.10

Agrocité is constructed using a simple timber frame. Additional functional elements to enclose the building envelope are primarily recycled materials. Those that are not recycled are locally sourced to reduce economic and environmental costs associated with transport. Key elements of the material response also include low-impact technologies, materials with a reduced carbon footprint and the use of familiar construction techniques. The justification for materials chosen is described in Fig.11.

The timber platform base is elevated above ground level on steel screw piles (See Fig.9) . This elevated construction allows for sustainable services below. Equally, screw piles were chosen due to their low destructive impact in the ground beneath. This was particularly beneficial when the Colombes site was evicted and relocated to Generville. The re-use of architectural salvage reduced building complexitiy, allowing for a civic-led maintenance programme. In addition, a combination of found and upcycled architectural salvage reduced the buildings carbon footprint. The shed-like vernacular, recognisable to many, is a subtle environmental design tactic by AAA. The choice of low-skill construction methods of timber frame and cladding affords a community the ability contribute to civic-led construction, maintenance and retrofit, utilsing the existing competence in the community. Similarly, the outwardly ‘dismountable’ architecture ensures emphasis on processes of building urban resilience, rather than explicit architecture related to locale.4 4

Doina Petrescu, Constantin Petcou and Corelia Bai-

TIMBER FRAME CONSTRUCTION

Fig.12

Agrocité

URBAN AGRICULTURE

Fig.14

“promote innovation within the reach of citizens”

Technical Devices LUCA PHILO

AgroLab, as part of Agrocité, houses key prototype technologies central to R-URBAN’s response to the environmental and climate crisis’. “These micro-devices [are utilised] for power generation and food, water management and organic waste” realised in the use of “local materials and with simple technology”5. This methodology substantiates a key ‘urban tactic’ deployed throughout the R-URBAN scheme, to “promote innovation within the reach of citizens”6. Devices to re-use energy and water and produce rich fertilizers for growing are devised and built alongside to community, to demonstrate simple and accessible methods of sustainable practice. The devices are self-built with professional help, and sophisticated studies were carried out in response to the poor urban soil on site. barac, “Co-Producing Commons-Based Resilience: Lessons From R-Urban”, Building Research & Information, 44.7 (2016), 717-736 <https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2016.1214891>. 5 “AGROCITÉ”, R-Urban English, 2020 <http://r-urban.net/en/projects/agrocite/> [Accessed 11 December 2020]. 6 Hélène Frichot, Catharina Gabrielsson and Helen Runting, Architecture And Feminisms (London: Routledge, 2018).

Recovery of human waste for natural fertilisation

Vent

Solid and liquid seperated to generate two types of fertilizer, and rich compost and leachate - very effective solution. Full of sawdust, low maintenance, long lasting, low-odour

FERTILISER PRODUCTION Fig.13

Solar panels and Solar Water heater supply electricity and heated water during winter

DRY COMPOSTING TOILET

Two- types of highly enriched fertilisers are reintroduced to the allotments by volunteers

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SOLAR

Green roof and Gree runoff water collec below-grade tank via

GREEN

Runoff water collected from Green roof

Runoff reused

Closed - cycle hydroponic system requires no drainage or top-up

Neutral and Inert substrate

for irrigation of crops

Water collection tank

HYDROPONIC GROWING

en wall cted in a ducts

GREY WATER FILTRATION

Additional water from City

Compost water heater recovers and reuses the thermal energy produced by the compost during the biological breakdown process

Grey water recovery, biologically filtered tank Grey water from building

HOT COLD

COMPOST BIOMASS HEATER

Tap for crop irrigation

Runoff to soil

Project Testing

Wallsend Forum

Fig. 37 -Location of The Forum shopping center

Site view

Affected by the COVID-19, my first impression of The For um shopping center came from the Internet. From the photos, the commercial features of this area are very strong, and the entire shopping mall is surrounded by retail shops and restaurants. The residential area is around the commercial center.

The Forum

The Entrance of Forum

Fig. 38 -Site view

The Back of Forum

View Building From Eloton East St

Aerial view form south Car Parking From Elton Street East

High St Street Scape

Fig. 39 -Site view

Open Parking Ground

Plaza in Front of Forum

Aerial view form north

Site view The site lies on the town’s principal thoroughfare in the High Street West, which runs along the Southern boundary, encompassing some retail units within the Forum footprint. Station Road, to the East of the site, has a lower level of retail giving way to residential areas once past Elton Sreet East.

Fig. 40 -Site collage

Site advantage Bus Route

For um Shopping Centre located in Wallsend Centre. There are now three walkways to the shopping center. One way is from High Street West and the other from Station Road to the west facade of the Forum Building, providing access for residents from the west and nor th sides of the site. Vehicles are accessible from Elton Street to the adjacent town center car park. The surrounding area boasts a large number of residential areas and office and leisure facilities, and the bus and railway stations are nearby and easily accessible. Its good accessibility features mean that many people. Have a realistic transport option and a high social inclusion level.

Bus Stop

Pedestrian Route

Vehicular Access to Service Yard Fig.41 - Site analysis

Vehicular Access to Car Park Service Yard

Fig.42 - The location map showing the main road

Retail(shoppong center,store etc) Restaurant Church

Site advantage

Hotel Residential House Green space Carpark

Our site is The Forum Shopping Centre, which is located in The Centre of Wallsend. The mall is located on the axis of two major urban transport routes and is close to bus and train stations,Its good accessibility features mean that civics have convenient transportation options, which is one of its advantage.

Pharmacy

Fig.43 - Site analysis

The former building was a supermarket and has been rebuilt and renovated into four large stores. The new shopping center has brought convenience to civic life. But the area still faces some social problems

Fig. 44 - A collage of the interior of the shopping center

Fig. 45 - Wallsend official Survey

Site problem

Through the investigation of the official website data, I found that the retail stores around Forum Mall are facing the risk of bankruptcy, and Wallsend area is facing the problem of economic recession and rising unemployment. Wallsend is losing its appeal as more and more young people leave the area to work in bigger cities due to the recession.

Fig. 46 - Wallsend official Survey

Site problem In the Wallsend government's official survey, the poll found that local residents thought the local environment needed urgent improvement.

Fig. 47 - A collage of making better community life

The design objective is to create a Public Activity Center for the citizens in the Forum Shopping Center in Wallsend's CBD. The target clients for the project will be the community residents living in the Wallsend area. The town of Wallsend is experiencing economic recession, rising unemployment, and the loss of young people. The local government and residents require specially designed public buildings to promote the local economy and environment. Therefore, the building's primary aim is to improve the cityscape and serve as a public center for the city's citizens. Simultaneously, the building can also create a certain number of job oppor tunities to attract young people and reduce the unemployment rate.

Fig. 48 - A collage of making better community life

Programmatic Summary

This project will provide a fully functional and diverse public activity centre for the residents of Wallsend. This program is located in the core area of the city, which is the concentration of the city's public buildings and the tertiary industry. The activity center can promote the cultural and recreational development of the surrounding area.This has an important effect on the economic development of the city. In addition, an environmentally friendly, eco-first design strategy is the principle of the project, which will fully develop the unused green space around the site and introduce natural elements to the shopping centre. At the same time, the design of the green roof can create a green space with spatial level for the project and increase the sustainability of the building. 68

Fig. 49 - Program summry

Fig. 50 - A collage of making better community life

Fig. 51 - Site use area

Site Declaration

My project is the renovation of an old garage and unused green space next to the shopping center. With the main road in the north and open-air parking lot in the south, This transport advantage allows easy access to the new building from the main entrance at Elton St. The red line indicates the circulation of the site. Reconstruction is one of the important themes of our studio. How to combine the new project and the success of the original building is an important problem that we need to solve! The green part shows the shopping gallery where the car park connects with Forum Shopping Centre. The transformation of this part is one of the difficulties I faced 70

Site Model - 1:200 We made a 1:200 model of the site, and the green areas represent the parts I will reconstruct.

Fig. 52 - Site model

Initial idea

I used some sketche models to try to explore the form of the building. I found that the old parking lot is only one level and the ground level parking lot has a many grey space, I decided to take advantage of this feature and transform it to create a sunken space.

Fig. 53 - Initial idea 3d model.

Precedent-Milan’s Congested Traffic Node Piazzale This project envisions a layered system of architectural objects and public spaces that would foster a wide array of activities while also shaping a new green area for the city. The masterplan reconfigures traffic flows, opening the site to an urban design operating on three levels: a ground floor square, a sunken plaza and a rooftop square. The design proposes three glass and wood buildings housing commercial and retail functions, which define a new boundary for car traffic on the perimeter of the square while also directing pedestrian flow to the core of the urban space. The sur face of the square lowers towards the centre, and together with the surrounding buildings, creates an entirely different experience of the place through its planted areas and amphitheatre staircases. Accessibility is granted to the use of a system of ramps, staircases and elevators. The third layer, the rooftop terrace, features vegetation that shields the activities from the adjacent roads and brings the focus towards the centre of the urban space. Wide staircases connect the different levels of the Square, doubling as seating spaces and fostering open-air activities.

Fig. 54 - Milan’s Congested Traffic Node Piazzale.

A Fig. 55 - The perspective of development design.

Project Development

First of all, in terms of the main entrance, I designed a number of large scale steps and ramps to connect the original ramp entrance on the east side of the old parking lot. The design of accessible ramp is a good solution of the elderly’s inconvenient walking In addition, I also designed some accessible lifts to connect with Forum Center. Citizen can be reached by elevator directly from inside the mall.

Fig. 56 - The site plan of development design

Project Development

As a design with a sunken square, I put the main space on the ground floor. There is another main entrance. on the north side of the building, facing the residential area, Because the north side is the main road, the environment is noisy. So I put some major public Spaces on this side, such as restaurants, pubs, reception

Program of Space

Ground floor 16 17

1 18

14 15

Fig.57 - Ground Floor Plan 1:500

1.Exhibition Gallery 2.Storage Room 3.Restaurant 4.Toliet 5.Chess Room 6.wellbeing support Room 7.Office 8.Open main Entrance 9.Pub 10.Outdoor plaza 11.Activity Room 12.Career guidance center 13.Conference Room 14.Reading Room 15.Cafe 16.Central Sunken Plaza 17.The Fountain 18.Public Stage

First floor-Green roof 1.Restaurant 2.Meeting Room

Project Development

The south side of the building is established by some quiet Spaces. Like Reading rooms, meeting rooms, psychological counseling room. I plan to transform the forgotten green space on the west side into an open-air outdoor plaza with some landscape design. The natural elements of the site will be enriched.

Program of Space 1

First floor-Green roof 1.Restaurant 2.Meeting Room

Fig. 58 - The plan of development design

Project Development

On the second floor of the building, I designed an sustainable green roof. The first reason is that the site itself has little green space. Artificial green space can create more natural elements. The abundant natural elements makes the space more interesting and makes the civics feel more comfortable.

Project Development

The overall shape of the building was designed according to the shape of the site. The outdoor car park on the south side of the design site is sloped, while the Eltong St on the north side is parallel. I think the building should fit into the context.Therefore, the outer contour line of the building is matched with the site. The internal oblique line of the building starts from the origin of the lower right corner, and the internal contours of different oblique degrees are obtained by changing different oblique angles. Fig.59 -The building shape is consistent with the context

I hope to ensure the consistency of the architecture with the urban context.

Fig.60- A-A section 1:200

Fig.61 - The elevation(view from coutyard)

Project Development

The sunken plaza can be accessed from the main entrance. In the center of the plaza, there are some seats for the citizens to rest, and some landscape designs such as a pond and flower terrace. There is also an accessible lift to the second floor platform. This part is the highlight of the design. The community would benefit from more spaces for leisure, and green spaces.

Fig. 62 - The perspective of development design.

Fig. 63 - The perspective in Restaurant

Fig. 64 - The perspective in sunken plaza

Celebratory Piece

My celebratory display is a series of axonometric drawings, which show me a series of imaginations about the function of architectural space. I tried to use the Framing Phase Study method to imagine the citizens's activity in the building. Restaurant is a very social occasion. Especially in Britain, afternoon tea is a traditional ritual of life. This makes the restaurant more of a social place than a simple eating room. Proper design can help the residents build social connections.

Fig. 65 - The Moment-Eating and Chating

Celebratory Piece

Sufficient sunshine is suitable for the citizens' health. The outdoor atrium is an excellent design to solve this problem. Growing plants can produce fresh air. A proper patio design can create a pleasant environment. The design of the atrium is also an vital social place, which will be explained during the Synthesis phase.

Fig. 66 - The Moment-Relaxation

Celebratory Piece

There are some older people who don't use the Internet as much as the younger generation.The reading room can provide some newspapers for the elderly to help them know the current events. At the same time, the reading room can also cooperate with the Forum's internal library to provide a place for citizens to borrow, read and study by themselves.

Fig. 67 - The Moment-Reading

Celebratory Piece

The mental health of the public needs to be concerned, especially during the special period of COVID-19. The boredom of home quarantine and the fear of pandemic can make citizens mentally ill. The proper psychological counseling can help them solve this problem and live a happier life.

Fig. 68 - The Moment-Mental health

Thinking Through Making

Fig. 69 - The Hug Wall

Loneliness is one of the most important issues that everyone faces during COVID-19 isolation. Especially for many young people who work in other places and lonely old people at home. They live alone and are eager to communicate with others. My idea was to create a hug wall. The Hug Wall uses a soft plastic material to help residents hug. The material is soft and transparent and has a thickness that ensures people don't get close to each other when hugging. It can be seen as an invention placed in the middle of the square. Due to remote learning at home, materials were scarce and I built a rough model by hand. For this reason, I had to destroy my mother's shoebox. She was very unhappy about it

Fig. 70 - The Hug Wall

Project Synthesis

Fig.71 - Site plan

My project is the renovation of an old garage and unused green space next to the shopping center. With the main road in the north and open-air parking lot in the south, This transport advantage allows easy access to the new building from the main entrance at Elton St. The renovation of the parking lot takes advantage of its grey space character to create a sunken plaza. The center of the square is a social place for residents to rest and communicate, surrounded by restaurants, cafes, Reading room, reception and other public space. The roof of the old car park was designed as a roof garden. The unused green space on the west side of the parking lot is rebuild into a public activity center. This center provides a space for residents to entertain and exercise. The outdoor landscape design improves the environment of the site and enriches the interest of the space.

Improvement 1 - The Intereaction

After completing the preliminary scheme of the testing stage, I deepened the design of the project in detail from the two aspects of space and structure. In the Synthsis phase, I will focus on the improvement of the solution and the presentation of details. In the frame stage, my investigation study is The Seattle libeary, which is designed by Rem Koolhaas. In his design, the library's main Spaces such as the reading area, the study area and the transport area are connected. This kind of independent and interrelated spatial relationship is very interesting. Through this investigation, I found that the interactivity of space is one of the core of urban Common. Fig. 72- A new CLT(blue part) column net and beam over the existing structure

In terms of structure, the new building makes full use of the original column network and the part of old building structure. I hope integrate the new project with the old building perfectly.

In the structural strategy, I tried to combine my new column gid with the original column net of the building. In the column net grid, blue color represents the original column net of Forum Shopping Mall. And red is the columns of the old parking lot. Green is the newly built column grid. In the exhibition hall area, here is the junction of two sets of column net, I used the wall to hide the columns, trying to adding a sense of logic to the space, without being obtrusive. The dimension of the new column net is consistent with the original column net as far as possible. This can make the whole space become unified, complete. Fig. 73 - The joint of a new and exist construction where the column grid and structure meet

1. Existed old park and green space on the site

2. Remove the floor and wall of the parking lot to leak the concrete grid structure

4. Build a new CLT(blue par t) column net and beam over the existing structure

5. Build roof, floor, ceiling and prepare for the finsihing

7. : Finishing the landscape design and testing all system in the building

3. Removed part of the columns and beams (red part) and retained others

6. Install insulations and cladding. Construct windows.

Fig. 74 - Construction sequence

Improvement 1 - The Intereaction

In terms of space, the interior of the old shopping Centre interconnects with the new project. Citizens could access the atrium plaza directly from the shopping mall. At the same time, the existing commercial space is preserved at the junction, which greatly enhances the relationship between the new architecture and the old shopping mall. On the exterior space, I made full use of the existing ramp on the east side of the car park and transformed it into an accessible ramp to serve as a secondary entrance.. A large staircase was designed to connect the ramp with the sunken plaza. This design approach demonstrates the interaction of the exterior space.

Accessible Ramp Fig.75 - Ground floor plan

Fig.76 - First floor plan

Improvement 2 - The Courtyard

At the top of the inner cour tyard there are 3 connecting corridors which connect the north and south roofs. People on the corridor can see the activities of the sunken courtyard, and the corridor can not only protect the privacy of the roof space, but also have visual interaction and communication with people in the sunken courtyard.

Fig.77 - Aerial View

100

Fig.78 - The Perspective of Central Sunken Square shows visual interaction between people.

101

Fig.79 - Perspective of The steps platform

Improvement 2 - The Coutyard

102

Besides, the function of connecting the space, the big staircase is also an impor tant social occasions. The landing in the staircase can be used as a seat, allowing people to stay, communicate, interact socially. The inner cour tyard landscaping animates the square space and make the whole design appropriate the theme of urban commons in our studio.

Fig.80 - The Perspective of Central Sunken Square shows the interior of the coutyard.`

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Fig.81 - The Perspective of the roof garden

Improvement 3 - The Roof Garden Through the investigation of relevant materials, it is found that the surrounding environment of Forum is less green and lacks natural atmosphere. And residents are eager to improve the local environment. Therefore, on the first floor of the building, I designed a large green roof garden. Roof garden is a very effective approach of optimizing the environment. The roof garden and the green landscape design on the west side play a special role in increasing the urban green coverage and improving the ecological environment in the wallsend area. The roof garden can also provide a beautiful recreation environment for residents. 104

Fig.82 - The Perspective of the roof garden

Green roof has a certain role in energy saving and environmental protection, and the plants and soil on the green roof are the effective media to prevent heat loss.

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Improvement 3 - The Roof Garden

Vegetation selection for roof gardens

The living environment of roof garden is poorer, plant substrate often lacks water and fer tilizer.The plant with strong adaptability should be considered. Sedum lineare Thunb can be adapted to most soils, which saves costs. Fig.83 - Sedum lineare Thunb

In the wallsend area, the temperature is moderate in summer and cold in winter. The roof is suitable for planting the hardy plant Syringa Fig.86 - Plant analysis diagram Grass

Shrub

Arbor

Fig.84 - Syringa

The roof of my building has almost no shelter and strong ultraviolet rays. The length of sunshine on the roof is also significantly longer than that on the ground. (Rosa chinensis jacque is a light-loving plant Fig.85 - Rosa chinensis jacq

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When planting plants, attention should be paid to the collocation of high and low levels of plants from an aesthetic perspective. Medium-height shrubs, herbs should be planted in front of arbors so that the entire roof garden plants appear to be layered and varied.

Selection for roof paving material The pavement of the roof garden has the function of dividing space and guiding circulation. It serves as a bridge between the commercial building and the roof space. I chose to use anti-corrosion wood as the main floor paving material according to the roof load bearing conditions. Antiseptic wood can reduce the load of the roof and highlight the ecological and natural effect of the garden.

Paving material 1.Anticorrosive wood 2.Cement block 3.Cement concrete 4.Asphalt concrete 5.The pebble 6.Clay bricks 7.Concrete brick 8.Sandstone 9.Granite 10.The marble

Density kg/m3 300-900 1600-2400 2400 2000 2600 1600 1700-2100 2000-2500 2500-2700 2300-2800

Fig56. Density of commonly used paving materials in landscape Fig.87- Anticorrosive wood is used as the main floor paving material for the roo f

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Fig. 88 - Water is discharged through the lower drainage layer of the paving material

1-50mm Growing Medium 2-15mm Filter fabric 3-50mm Drainage layer 4-50mm Concrete slab 5-70mm Rigid insulation board 6-15mm Protection course 7-20mm Moisture retention layer 8-Roof deck

Fig58. Anticorrosive wood

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Lighting design I designed lawn lights and road lights for the roof garden, and they all use high-efficiency energy-saving LED light sources. LED lights have the characteristics of sturdiness, vibration resistance, long life, power saving, and environmental protection, which perfectly conform to the environmental protection design concept. They are a green energy product vigorously promoted today

Fig.90 Perspective of roof garden

Fig.89 - Plan show the light layout

Fig.91 Perspective of roof garden

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Access for roof garden

Accessible lift and stairs from the interior to the roof of the second floor are in compliance with building standard.

Fig.94 - Two exits to the roof garden

Fig.92 - Plan and section of accessible lift

1050 900

300 150 1700

Fig.93 - Section of stair

3800

1850

Fig.95 - Table of stair dimension

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Improvement 3 - The ritual life

Fig.96 - The Perspective of the Cafe

This is my exploration of living scenarios of citizens in this project. I combined these perspectives views with THE MOMENT from previous Celebratory Piece.

110

This picture shows the scene of citizens in a cafe, where people communicate and socialize.From here, residents can see performances on the north side of the outdoor stage with large steps. They can also see people Shopping at The Forum Shopping Mall on The south side. The spatial integration of the new building and the old shopping mall is shown here.

17 The Forum Shopping Mall

17.Cafe

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Improvement 3 - The ritual life

Fig.97 - The Perspective of the corridor outside the reading room

This picture shows the corridor next to the citizens' conference room. This corridor is close to the open car park on the south side and serves as a secondary exit to the building. As a transitional traffic space, the tables and chairs in the corridor can allow the passing civics to have a rest. The warm sunlight and the natural atmosphere of the green space make the whole sitting space become comfortable. 112

Second Entrance The Forum Shopping Mall

16.Reading Room

B 113

Improvement 3 - The ritual life

Fig.98 - The Perspective of reading room

The picture shows the scene of reading room, which can cooperate with internal library of The Forum Shopping Mall to provide a place for citizens to borrow, read and study.

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The Forum Shopping Mall

16.Reading Room

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Improvement 4 - Elevation and Section

Fig.99 - North elevation shows material of the building - Brick external wall (Ground floor), Grp cladding (Second floor), Zinc cladding roof

North elevation shows material use of the building - Brick external wall (Ground floor), Grp cladding (Second floor), Zinc cladding roof. The section shows the structure of the building. It also shows how the new building and the old mall are structurally connected. 116

Secondary structure: -CLT roofs -CLT ceiling and floors -Joist -brick wall

Primary structure: -Existed Reinforced concrete foundation -CLT panels and beams -Existing and new reinforced concrete columns

Tertiary structure: -Cladding stuctural system, such as grp cladding, zinc roof cladding. -Windows and windows frame -Handrails

Fig.100 - Axonomatric structure strategy diagram, showing primary, secondary, and tertiary structures

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Improvement 4 - Elevation and Section

Fig.101 - South elevation(View from south carpark)

118

Fig.102 - A-A Section

119

Fig.103 - B-B Section 120

Fig.104 - C-C Section

121

1:20 TECHNICAL DETAIL SECTION

Fig.105 - 1:20

122

TECHNICAL DETAIL SECTION

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Reference List:

Wates, N. and Knevitt, C., 1987. Community architecture. Saleh Uddin, Mohammed. Axonometric And Oblique Drawing: A 3-D Construction, Rendering, And Design Guide. Mcgraw-Hill Companies, 1997. Giedion, S. Space, Time And Architecture. Harvard University Press, 2008. Larkin, D. and Pfeiffer, B., 1997. Frank Lloyd Wright. New York: Universe. Jenkins, P. and Forsyth, L., 2010. Architecture, participation and society. London: Routledge. My.northtyneside.gov.uk. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://my.northtyneside.gov.uk/sites/default/files/web-page-related-files/Ward%20Profile%20-%20 Wallsend_0.pdf> [Accessed 25 May 2021]. My.northtyneside.gov.uk. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://my.northtyneside.gov.uk/sites/default/files/web-page-related-files/State%20of%20the%20 Area%20Report%202019.pdf> [Accessed 25 May 2021].

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Illustrations:

Fig. 1-7 : by author, 2021 Fig. 8: Saleh Uddin, Mohammed. Axonometric And Oblique Drawing: A 3-D Construction, Rendering, And Design Guide. Mcgraw-Hill Companies, 1997. Fig.9: Giedion, S. Space, Time And Architecture. Harvard University Press, 2008. Fig. 10-11 : by author, 2021 Fig.12: Divisare. 2021. Frank Lloyd Wright, Davide Adamo · Robie House. [online] Available at: <https://divisare.com/projects/397206-frank-lloyd-wright-davideadamo-robie-house> [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Fig.13: Ncl.instructure.com. 2021. Newcastle University - Canvas Login. [online] Available at: <https://ncl.instructure.com/courses/23917/ files/3230795?module_item_id=1251720> [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Fig. 14-15: ArchDaily. 2021. Seattle Library/ OMA + LMN. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.cn/cn/601019/seattle-central-library-slash-omaplus-lmn?ad_medium=gallery> [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Fig. 16-19: by author, 2021 Fig. 20: Xindi Cheng, Group photos. (2021) Fig. 21-22: by author, 2021 Fig. 23-24: Janeen and Chui Yip, Group photos, (2021) Fig. 25: Stella and Ameerah, Group photos, (2021) Fig. 26:Elosie, Group photos, (2021)

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Illustrations:

Fig. 27-37: by author, 2021 Fig. 38: Xindi Cheng, Group photos. (2021) Fig. 39: Group photos and google earth. Ear th.google.com. 2021. Google Ear th. [online] Available at: <https://ear th.google.com/web/search/wallsend+forum/@54.9913549,1.53721021,26.86333578a,316.75334725d,35y,140.53178683h,53.11300925t,360r/data=CngaThJICiQweDQ4N2U3MDM1ZDJiNGQ5OG I6MHg4NDM2ZTY4ZWU3MDcyZWUZTeH3JdF-S0Ah-EGnMWuT-L8qDndhbGxzZW5kIGZvcnVtGAIgASImCiQJNmVAMIDcNEARNGVAMIDcNM AZNOS578WrSUAhNOS578WrScA> [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Fig.40-44: by author, 2021 Fig. 45-46: by author, 2021 My.northtyneside.gov.uk. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://my.northtyneside.gov.uk/sites/default/files/web-page-related-files/ Ward%20Profile%20-%20Wallsend_0.pdf> [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Fig.47-51: by author, 2021 Fig. 52: Zoe and Jehyun, Group photos, (2021) Fig.53: by author, 2021 Fig. 54: by author, 2021 ArchDaily. 2021. Milan’s Congested Traffic Node Piazzale Loreto to be Redeveloped Into a Vibrant Green Public Space. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/962001/milans-congested-traffic-node-piazzale-loreto-to-be-redeveloped-into-a-vibrant-green-public-space?ad_ medium=gallery> [Accessed 25 May 2021] Fig.55-82: by author, 2021

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Illustrations:

Fig.83: World of Succulents. 2021. Sedum lineare (Needle Stonecrop) | World of Succulents. [online] Available at: <https://worldofsucculents.com/sedumlineare-needle-stonecrop/> [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Fig.84 - FineGardening. 2021. 'Sensation' lilac - FineGardening. [online] Available at: <https://www.finegardening.com/plant/common-lilac-syringa-vulgarissensation> [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Fig.85- En.wikipedia.org. 2021. Rosa chinensis - Wikipedia. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_chinensis> [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Fig.86-94: by author, 2021 Fig.95- HM Government (2016) Approved Document M: access to and use of buildings [online], Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/ publications/access-to-and-use-of-buildings-approved-document-m[Accessed 25 May 2021]. Fig.96-105: by author, 2021

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