Schools of the Sacred Heart by MKThink

Schools of the Sacred Heart

Siboni Arts & Science Center Evaluation LOCATION

San

Francisco,

DATES

2016

Case Study 2017

SIZE

42,208

Grading a school building on its indoor environmental performance TYPE K-12 SERVICES Study Design Sensor Deployment Assessment Energy Evaluation Indoor Air Quality Evaluation Strategic Guidance

CHALLENGE | Evaluate the indoor environmental quality of a main academic building to inform strategies to improve operations and optimize classroom conditions for learning. CONTEXT | The Schools of the Sacred Heart is a K-12 school with a student body of 3,000. Its urban campus is spread across 11 buildings (272,611 SF) with a total classroom count of 100. The Siboni Arts and Science Center is the second largest building. Built in 2005, the five-story building houses science labs, art and music studios, a 355-seat auditorium, and gymnasium.

ÂŠ 2017 MKThink

Room 5402 Exterior | Lecture | 611 SF

Room 5308 Interior | Lecture | 560 SF

DISCOVERY | The project team designed a 14-week study to research three questions: Classroom Performance Comparison How is the building performing over time, across the building, and compared to established standards?

AMY NAGENGAST

Resource Use Comparison How does performance relate to resource use?

Managing Engineer, MKThink As primary investigator, Amy designed the study, engaged with stakeholders, directed data collection and conducted the analysis that informed recommendations.

Environmental Resource Comparison How well does performance utilize naturally available environmental resources? A total of 65 sensors was deployed in a representative sampling of 9 classrooms to measure energy use, thermal quality, indoor air quality, lighting quality, and acoustics. Historic weather data combined with architectural plans, diagrams of HVAC systems, and building schedules provided analytic context to interpret the sensor data.

GEOFF DE SANTIS

Plant Operations Director, Schools of the Sacred Heart The evaluation had an immediate impact on students, faculty, and building. Classrooms become a calmer space because of the reduction of artificial light and the productivity went up.

Schools of the Sacred Heart: Siboni Arts & Science Center Performance Evaluation

ÂŠ 2017 MKThink

SENSORS DEPLOYED

Temperature & Relative Humidity

Energy Use (kWh)

Illuminance

Radiant Temperature

CO2 Level

Occupancy & Light

Sound Level

Air Speed & Light

AVERAGE SOUND DECIBEL LEVELS* ON SCHOOL DAYS 2-MONTH PERIOD | AT 5-MINUTE INTERVALS

Average Room Sound Level 90

Occupational Safety Issue 80

5210 5305

Sound Level (dB)

Sound Level Ideal

5109 30

5B09

1 10

7:45 AM

0 12 AM

2 AM

4 AM

6 AM

8 AM

3:15 PM 10 AM

12 PM

2 PM

4 PM

6 PM

8 PM

10 PM

12 AM

Time Classroom

Average

5B09 Music

5109 Auditorium

5114 Art

5210 Lecture

5216 Lecture

5218

5305

Lecture

Science

5308 Lecture

5402 Lecture

*Recommended sound levels based on Acoustical Society of American: Acoustical Performance Criteria for Schools, 2015.

Schools of the Sacred Heart: Siboni Arts & Science Center Performance Evaluation

CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE SUMMARY Days: School Days Hours: School Hours Interval: 5 Minute (Average)

Indoor Environmental Quality % of time sound, air, thermal & lighting quality criteria met

Sound Quality

Air Quality

Thermal Quality

Lighting Quality

% of time sound level < 85 dB

% of time C02 < 1100 ppm

% of time -0.5 < mean < 0.5

% of time light levels > 7 ft-c

High Performance

100%

Above Normal (>80%)

5216 5218 5210

Normal (50-80%)

5402

5B09 5109 5114 5210 5216 5218 5305 5308 5402

100%

5B09 5109 5114 5210 5216 5218 5308

100%

5114 5210 5216 5218 5402 5308

5216 5218 5210 5402 5305

5402 5305

5308

Below Normal (<50%)

5109

5305 5114

5305

5B09

5109

5114

5B09

5109

Low Performance

ASSESSMENT | Analysis of the sensor data yielded the following findings: Classroom Performance Comparison • Indoor environmental air quality was adequate 55% of the time. Resource Use Comparison • Air Handling Unit operations had two primary energy use profiles; one used 50% less energy to generate comparable thermal quality and lightning quality. Environmental Resource Comparison • Daylight offers ample lighting 22% of the time. • Exterior weather provides sufficient interior thermal quality 5% of the time. • Outside air quality (C02 concentration) was better that indoor air quality 85% of the time.

Schools of the Sacred Heart: Siboni Arts & Science Center Performance Evaluation

POTENTIAL VALUE SUMMARY: RESOURCE SAVINGS*

Air Handling Unit Optimization Reduce AHU energy use by 50% through changes in Variable Frequency Drive motor control and/or AHU Schedules

Estimated Annual Energy Savings AHU #4 (1,455 SF)

$288

per year

0.3

metric tons C02/yr

Whole Building (42,208 SF)

$8,358

per year

7.7

metric tons C02/yr

Estimated Annual Energy Savings

Lighting Energy Conservation Reduce lighting energy use by 50% through changes in lighting controls or delamping

Estimated Annual GHG Reduction

3 Classrooms (1,712 SF)

$185

per year

0.2

metric tons C02/yr

Whole Building (42,208 SF)

$4,559

per year

4.2

metric tons C02/yr

Estimated Annual Energy Savings

Daylight Opportunity Reduce lighting energy use by 8-26% from turning off electric lights when daylight is adequate to meet light levels

Estimated Annual GHG Reduction

5 Classrooms (3,570 SF)

$125

per year

0.1

metric tons C02/yr

Whole Building (42,208 SF)

$1,479

per year

1.4

metric tons C02/yr

*Estimates are preliminary and conceptual, not a guarantee of actual savings.

RECOMMENDATIONS | The objective of the evaluation was to establish a baseline for indoor environmental quality. Informed by the baseline findings, MKThink did formulate conceptual recommendations for enhancing environmental performance. These included increased occupant control over lighting and temperature and installing a building management system. Thermal Quality

Energy Resource Use

2. 3. 4. 5.

Establish setpoints based on occupancy, room schedules, and outdoor temperature. Establish setpoints specific to each season. Install ceiling fans to increase air flow. Use cooler outdoor air to flush out excess interior heat at night (nightflushing). Install thermostats with digital displays.

2. 3. 4.

Modify central lighting control schedules to better align with use patterns. Replace fluorescent bulbs with LEDs. Install a Building Management System to allow for remote management. Install smart plug load controls that turn off electronics when not in use.

Lighting Quality

Occupant Education

Install automatic daylight controls to adjust electric light based on daylight availability.

Provide occupants with controls to adjust

lighting to fit activity.

Provide primers in daylighting and in use of windows to lower C02 and increase air flow. Install digital dashboard for occupants to monitor individual classroom performance.

Schools of the Sacred Heart: Siboni Arts & Science Center Performance Evaluation

ÂŠ 2017 MKThink

1500 Sansome Street | San Francisco, California 94111 mkthink.com | office@mkthink.com | 415.420.0888