Chao Sun Concise ADR by marieluise jonas

Looking up

Designing the sky by Sun Chao

Exclusive summary

Research Question Abstract

4 5

Introduction

The grey sky in China

Chapter 1

Project Parameter

Garbage Warrior

Research Method

Backyard Testing site

Project review

Research Project Parameter

Precedences

Research Process

Project review

Density test

Quality test

Test review

Quantity of Trees

Soil

Wind

Water

Sunshine

Chapter 2

Conclusion Bibliograohy

77 78

How can landscape inform the sustainable development of cleaner more resilient urban environments in fast growing countries?

Abstract This projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s intention is to seek an alternative and innovative urban development strategy in China that improves its environmental quality by actively cleaning the air. The particular ambition of this approach is to be able to improve the air quality of urban environments in China while at the same time maintaining the rapid speed of development. This project addresses 222.73 acres of undeveloped land in Zhengzhou, China. The air condition is bad in the city. More people are able to buy cars, but still lots of people are using bike and public transport. People always smell gas when they are walking in the street. With the fast speed of urbanization and deforestation, most of the cities in northern China are attacked by sand storms in the spring. Although more families are able to buy their own cars and are living in bigger apartment, but whenever you looking at the grey sky through your window, you will not feel the improvement of quality of life but only depressing. This project explores the potential for creating space for tree nurseries inside the city by changing the existing building structure and infrastructures of the city, while at the same time retaining the overall density. Ideally, this project wants to grow a forest that can interact with existing residential buildings inside the city and at the same time not interrupt the functions and density of the city. The trees in the nursery can not only filter the air, improving the air quality, they can also improve the building values, saving energy for the building from cooling and warming expense. The tree nursery also provides the residence a dynamic landscape view with changeable species of trees nearby their window. This project has designed a system enabling the nursery to work with residential buildings from seeding, through nursing and selling to transporting and planting. In the design of such a system, several problems have been addressed. These include: how to deal with the big wind on high levels of buildings? How to make sure the sunshine is enough for trees? How to transport big trees back to ground level? Where does the soil come from? How to design an irrigation system that interacted with these moveable tree pots? What is the water supply? How to test that if the residence like to always looking through trees or not? â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Looking upâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is a proposition for a new type of dense healthy urban centre that will provide a new mode of living for urban dwellers. It is envisaged that this project will not just change the air condition inside the city. The potential economic value of tree nursery may change the type of development of China from a non-stop factory to a golden park. So that when people look up, they can see a blue sky again.

China...

Where are we?

Introduction

I have been asked that what is my favourite part in landscape as a landscape architect. Although I know that the tutor who asked me that question want us to focus on our interest and design something, but I was been honest that time. Sky is my favourite part in landscape. But how can I design the sky? I want to design the sky because I believe no matter what we design, if there is always a flat grey sky in your project, it will never be fantastic. Especially after I came to Australia, I realised that how bad the sky conditions and air conditions are in China. This whole project has record how I attempted to make the sky blue again in China through researching on what are the factors that cause the grey sky in China, saving the energy from using recycle materials to design landscape, how to develop a system that can cooperate with existing infrastructures of the city and keep the rapid speed of development of the city while at the same time clean the air.

This project wants the blue sky back to China again and to rethink this question with a landscape architect point of view through seeking an alternative urban development strategy in China. I believe todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s architecture design still will not saving China from grey sky because firstly the existing sustainable buildings always come with a huge price, such price of project is impossible for fast growing developing countries for example China, secondly sustainable architecture always function as a body that can live by itself, but for a whole country, in order to change the sky condition one or two extremely expensive buildings will not help. I believe only an inovative urban development strategy that is suitable for fast growing developing countries is the solution for curing the grey sky in China. People always say how fantastic the bird nest is. They came all long way to Beijing to see it. But what they will end up with a vasty flat grey canvas with a pile of steel that is causing it. Forgive my negativism, but as person who grown up in China, I know that kinds of superfantastic buildings is not what we want, because it has nothing to do with improving the quality of life.

Grey sky overcast

pollution

dry climate fire

dense fog

cloud

natural sources wind-blown dust

industrial

residential

commercial

construction

Residential fuel combustion

agricultural

farming operations

fart

power plants utility equipment

air condition

surface coatings

fuel combustion

waste disposal

transportation

waste burning

road dust

miscellaneous processes

What is grey sky and what is causing the grey sky in China? If you have never been to China or any fast-growing countries that depending industry, now you need to listen, because grey sky is not a metaphor for living environment in China. The sky is really dark and grey; you can even not see the sun in a sunny day, the shape of the sun is blurred by all kinds of particle in the sky. On the contrary, I have been to Australia over 2 years and I have never seen grey sky even in the rainy day. Because grey sky does not mean when there is a cloudy day or a rainy day, the sunshine is blocked by clouds and the sky looks grey. Grey sky in China means no matter what weather you have, you will never see the levels of clouds, no sun rise and no sun set. There is no levels on the sky. It is terrible! Who murdered our sky? There are several reasons that can causing the grey sky. In China, the pollution is the main reason that makes our people lost the blue sky. Through the diagram above, I have explored the factors that compose the grey sky. Constructions-as well known, China is a big factory of the world, but it is not just a factory for manufactory industry process, it is also a giant building factory. Construction is on the top list of the pollution in China. The following is electricity, transportation and waste disposal. Statistics have shown that 70% of waste in Los Angeles has been sold to China, after recycling the products is selling to USA.

Chapter

Test one

Reducing Reusing

Grey sky overcast

pollution

dry climate fire

dense fog

cloud

natural sources wind-blown dust

industrial

residential

commercial

construction

Residential fuel combustion

agricultural

farming operations

fart

dust power plants utility equipment

air condition

surface coatings

fuel combustion

waste disposal

transportation

waste burning

road dust

For the first step, I decided to rethink about the methodology we are using today for recycling and the rapid speed of urbanization. Rather than make the waste become to landfill or the whole process of recycling waste and the all spends on transportation. Can we use the wasted material as the aboriginal forests to support the city to continue to grow as a dense healthy urban centre? How to make the new recycling landscape infrastructure integrate with existing city infrastructure to generate a occupiable public space?

miscellaneous processes

I decided to use waste materials to build the urban landscape. Because I believe Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s grey sky is not because there are all these factors in China, they are happening everywhere in the world. The problem is they are too much. As long as the pollution can drop to the developed countriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; level, We can get blue sky again. I think it will be great if all these cans, bottles and boxes etc. can be used in construction work right away. However, the main problem about this idea is that all these materials are not stable enough for most of the city infrastructures. American architect Michael Reynolds has tested how to use these recycle materials to build housing in New Mexico. But most people in China are not able to live in the houses, but apartments inside the city. How to integrate the new garbage infrastructures integrate with city infrastructure? How do I test if people like to live in such kind of environment or not? How can I change the shape of the bottle that can be used in construction work right away?

In China, the most fast growing country in this century, the construction site can be seen every day in everywhere. The real estate is one of the biggest business right now. For instance, in my hometown, Zhengzhou, I can hear the noise from the construction site in my room everyday over 20 years. China has the biggest amount of population in the world, if China wants to keep the pace of development, the urbanization will continuously happen in China, more constructions brings more pollution. The construction will continue to be the biggest problem in China against pollution. The cement, dust, transportation, materials and These qusetions are the forces that drving me to explore the the waste form construction site all result in grey sky in China. strategy that is suitable for fast growing developing countries.

Renegade architect Michael Reynolds and his green disciples have devoted their time to advancing the art of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Earthship Biotectureâ&#x20AC;? - passive, solar, off-the-grid, sustainable housing.

Earthship n. 1. passive solar home made of natural and recycled materials 2. thermal mass construction for temperature stabilization. 3. renewable energy & integrated water systems make the Earthship an off-grid home with little to no utility bills. Biotecture n. 1. the profession of designing buildings and environments with consideration for their sustainability. 2. A combination of biology and architecture. He is my first precedence. Not only because he did what exactly what I want to do, he also said: "Today's architect has nothing to do with the people, it has nothing to do with our planet." But his project in was built in the desert of New Mexico, what I want to do is use more wasted materials than he can and think about how can my new infrastructure integrate with city infrastructure.

Recent research on Dosomething (ABC, 2010) has shown 11 Facts that is causing the pollution, in which mention that Americans generate 30 billion foam cups, 220 million tires, and 1.8 billion disposable diapers every year, over 80% of items in landfills can be recycled, but they are not.

Agricultural

Industrial wasted m

neighbor

d ste

atrials from

l tria

s fr

neighbor

SITE

rom

f ials atr dm

ste wa

Commercial

as te d

at ria ls

fro

Residential

neighbor neighbor

For this part of project what I am trying to do is to find the waste materials as much as possible from the neighbourhood of the site to construct the urban landscape. To create a system that composed with rules that have been tested, so that huge amount of energy can be saved from transportation, construction, recycling and waste disposal.

Anticipation

Anticipation of what will happen after the success of the project

In my point of view that the amount of natural resources has never changed, they just transformed into other forms. Those people who are saying that we are running out of natural resources are because they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know how to use our resource more efficiently. Because with the more efficient usage of natural resources, our natural resources is actually increasing but not decreasing. What scientists has been doing is to research on how to recycle more rubbish form waste as much as possible. So that we can reduce the amount of materials that we keep from the finite natural resources on our planet. But recycling itself will use huge amount of energy too. Recycling is more like treating electricity and oil with raw materials. Recycling is not as good as it sounds. Use the price for instance; a product that is using recycle material is much more expensive than the same produce that is using normal materials. A recycle paper cup is 7 times more expensive than a normal paper cup. The price says that the recycle produces contains more process which means it will use more energy and produce more pollution. If you are alien and this is the first time you come to earth, what will you see those things that we called rubbish? They are a type of human product. Instead of designing those bottle smooth and round, make them easy for transport, why not make them become to an aboriginal forest of the city construction. Instead of recycling, reusing those wasted materials to build our urban landscape. Use our own produces to build our own landscape and home. Nothing is wasted. Isn't that great?

How to test my idea? First, I will get all my materials from the neighbourhood of the site which as the diagram shows above. Then, depending on what kinds of materials can be found from the neighbourhood and the location of the site to determine what programs show be put into the public space.

Preccedence of from

Testing Site 1

4 Ailsa St, Laverton, VIC 3028

ay Railw

4 Ailsa St, Laverton, VIC 3028 Highway

Site location

Materials that found on the site.

Testing:

1. method.

2. reaction of people.

3. materials

My backyard is really a heaven opportunity for me to start with my project. I have found materials that I will never expected if I just seat in the library or doing research on internet for the whole semester. I find that most of the families like to store things that they do not want to through away but they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have any uses either. I asked the owner of the house that why he store these things, His answer is: "Just in case." I think most of the people have already in mind that they can reuse some of the materials that they have store in their backyard. The questions are where and how to use this beautiful things. My mission is to provide a way to reuse these materials and telling people that we can change the world by a little bit. It really gives me a lot fun when I start doing it. However, after a whole days work outdoor, settle down in front of my table at night, trying to diagram what I am doing, the problems come with how can I category my materials? Because I have done some of the research through the internet about what materials that has already been used in constructions, however the materials are nothing about bottles or tyres, they are wood, steel bar, carpet and bed cushion. The problems are that if I want to use the materials to determine the program in the public space, the randomness of the materials will make it hard to category my materials and design my system. In order to create the system, what I need to do is to find a common ground of different site with different situation. But what I want to focus on now is to explore what the materials can do and what is the reaction of people when they see the landscape is constructed with waste materials.

Details of backyard project

Keep testing and changing things on the site.

Everything works great. Weed is covered by the carpet. Housemates are all start to go out to have lunch and smoke. While at the same time, I am changing the location of some of the object on my site, trying to find what is the best usage for the same material. And I am more confidence about recycling these beautiful human products and make a new one is not the best solution, because the old things sometimes are more beautiful than a new one. While I am working realise that I need shade on the site. However, after trying to do it with string and paper, I have found the toughest part for temporary landscape is to make a shed. The wind and rain has destroyed my work for few times over night.

Looking at my backyard project form nearmap.com

In order to release the potential the materials that I have found, I decided to bring concrete to the site. I am trying to build a shade with the steel bar and carpet that I found on the site. I mix the concrete, the soil and the weeds on the site. Although the instruction said that I should mix concrete with sand and gravel, I just use concrete and materials that can be found on the site to make my design. Because the purpose of this task is to explore the potential of the material, not bring too many things that found in the store should be contained in my task. This pole is the first one I did. Unfortunately, it felt down in the end. The reason is hole is too shallow. But the hardness of the concrete is enough. That means use weeds and soil is enough for this kind of construction. However, if I have to use concrete even on my little backyard, how many concrete do I have to use in a much larger scale? And how many concrete is going to use when this system is applied to the whole city? It doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t quite fit the image that in my mind. Another fault when I use the concrete on my site is that I have lost the ability to test. The advantage testing ground is that it allowed me to move, change and test the materials around. Not just build a little garden in my backyard. Once I set the material on the ground, it becomes too hard to move anymore.

What types of materials can I bring to the site from outside? What should I do when I trying to finish one part of design, but there is not enough materials? If the materials come from the location, the materials will be varies, how can I setup a system with random materials?

What I have been doing remind me my beach foli that I have made during week 3 on the camp. What it tells me now is that waste materials is similar to the sand, beautiful but unstable. How to make the unstable thing neat and trim without reshape them? I do not like recycling, because it will just bring more problems. Although I havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t found the way out, I decide to make that shade first, at the same time think about how to create the rule. Only the rules and strategy can make big changes.

“Bottle wall” is not new; people already know how to use bottles to build houses. Why am I still doing this? Because I see doing as way of thinking, I don’t think seat in front of the table all day will make any different than picking up bottles during the night before the recycling truck come while I am thinking. I just know I will find a way out. Weed keeps growing; they start to take over the carpet. Housemate somehow managed to borrow a weeder. Then we get rid of the weeds. At the same time, I found more carpet from neighbours. The picture on the right hand side is what happened after I remove the wooden board that I have been put on the weeds about 1 month ago. Weeds has been killed. The border is so beautiful. Is it possible to make all the bottles and cans into other forms? New forms are not just for the convenience of people for holding and transporting, but also for the convenience of construction. Because I realise rather than classify the whole a lot human produce, it will be better to start to design at the very beginning of the whole process.

The research on materials can be never end. Lots of people now are doing a huge amount of work in reality. For example, “BMRA-Building Materials Reuse Association” is one of the successful company in reuse and deconstruction industry that running in Chicago. They recycle every wood board, every window even every bricks through deconstruction work. They are going far more than I can ever reach, so I decide to step back to seek another way of cleaning the sky.

Chapter

Test two

Treating Curing

Grey sky overcast

pollution

dry climate fire

dense fog

cloud

natural sources wind-blown dust

industrial

residential

commercial

construction

Residential fuel combustion

agricultural

farming operations

fart

dust power plants utility equipment

air condition

surface coatings

fuel combustion

waste disposal

waste burning

transportation

miscellaneous processes

road dust

For the second step, I decide to keep on moving to think about other factors that are causing the grey sky in China. The differences between test one and test two is that instead of reducing and reusing, I decided to actively filter the pollution inside the city. The challenge is how to keep the same pace of development of the city while at the same time treating the air quality. That means project cannot change the amount of the pollution of the city. How can I do that? It will be much easier to reduce the quantity of private cars, to encourage people to use more public transport. But I have lived in China for over 20 years, people fighting all their lives for a nice apartment and a nice car. On the other hand, if reduce the quantity of the private cars inside the city, how many people will lose their jobs. Not only the workers in the car factories, but everyone that related. More important, the government is doing it and it is not working.

How to build a forest inside the city to act as a green lung to clean the sky with standed density of the city?

Testing Site 2

THIS SECOND TESTING GROUND IS 222.73 ACRES OF UNDEVELOPED LAND IN MY

HOMETOWN,

ZHENGZHOU, CHINA. IT IS A MEDIUM TO SMALL CITY IN THE MIDDLE OF

CHINA WITH 7.507 KM2 OF LAND AND 8,626,505 PEOPLE(2010 CENSUS). COMPARE

TO THE SAME TIME OF LAST YEAR THE DEVELOPED LAND HAS INCREASE BY

EQUAL TO

4.1 TIMES OF MELBOURNE CBD AREA.

7 KM2, WHICH

Zhengzhou

Zhengzhou (Postal map spelling: Chengchow), is the capital and largest city of Henan province in north-central China. A prefecture-level city, it also serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational centre of the province, as well as a major transportation hub for Central China. The city centre lies on the southern bank of the Yellow River, and is one of the Eight Great Ancient Capitals of China. With 8,626,505 million inhabitants at the 2010 census and 3,980,250 in its built up area, making the city one of the main built up area of Henan region. Zhengzhou experiences a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate.Zhengzhou has four clearly defined seasons, with cool and dry winters, hot and humid summers, warm and early springs, and mild autumns. Rainfall is primarily produced by the monsoonal low during summer; in winter, when the vast Siberian High dominates due to radiative cooling from further north, Zhengzhou receives little precipitation. During the summer season, the city is also often affected by tropical depressions, which bring additional amounts of rain. Right now, Zhengzhou’s strategy of development is the endless copy and paste buildings in order to accommodate the increasing huge amount of people. Zhengzhou needs more and more buildings to accommodate the keep growing population, however, the boredom same looking buildings are making Zhengzhou’s air quality become worse and worse. Grey sky, this phrase means a lot to me. It is not just about the sky. It is also about the living. If you have ever been to China you would know that we have extreme wide road than normal. It was not like these 15 years ago. When I was little, the foot path on the road was even wider than the road. I remember people was playing and talking and dancing at the side of the road. Today, no one is doing that anymore, because foot path becomes to the car park and more cars make people don’t want to stay there anymore. People still have to ride bike to work. It does not seem to be a problem in Melbourne, in China. Still lots of people have to choose bike as their only choice to go to work.

This site is addressed in the suburb of Zhengzhou with 222.73 acres of undevelop land. Right now, 80% of the existing site is still using for agriculture land. Based on research that most of agriculture plants is susceptible to the pollution. If the city going to grow, people need safer food, so in my point of view that the agriculture land is not appropriate be mixed use with city infrastructures with all kinds of pollutions around. Seek a new type of living that can treating the air quality and have the stranded density of fast growing countries is the project intention.

The site is next to one of the city main highway of 44.28 meters wide. Another road is already step onto the site and it will be connected with the main highway. The project intention is not to interrupt the speed of city development, so I decide to let the road going through the site

The Singapore skyline has been getting greener these days with new developments from some of the world’s most renown architects. The latest design to join the trend is a new futuristic green building from architect Ken Yeang named Fusionopolis. A research and development complex, this structure will adorn Singapore as the island nation’s most ecofriendly skyscraper. Green Grows Singapore

It’s designed by architect Joseph Cory, whose company Geotectura professes to be committed to creating buildings that are environmentally friendly. Cory has designed the SunSail, an energy-efficient building that’s scheduled to go up in Haifa. According to Cory, green building isn’t just the future for altruistic reasons-he believes that an eco-friendly building is more likely to succeed on the market. The SunSail is certainly a wave of the future: it will have its own water purification system for waste water, a ventilation system that takes advantage of the breeze outdoors, maximum exposure to the sun for natural lighting, and a curved surface that is designed to contain photovoltaic cells that will provide 40% of the building’s energy. Since Haifa is on the Carmel Fault, what we want to know without seeming picky-is if this paradise of energy efficiency will also be resistant to earthquakes. Because otherwise, there isn’t much point.

SunSail

The design is for the future of new Los Angeles. That was an incredible proposal that been unveiled last spring from the Michael Maltzan Architecture, Gensler and cityLABUCLA when they had been asked about, what the new Los Angeles will look like in 2030 in their vision. Future city design for Los Angeles

In Competition on Originality there was a new applicant. Peking bureau MAD has offered the skyscraper project on which each floor gardens will blossom. The basic feature of a design is not at height, and on horizontal saturation. The tower represents a heap of the floors, one on another where each layer will shift aside, thus creating open space for a patio and gardens. A 385-metre tower name Urban Forest. By the end of 2009 year architects plan to finish work on the design concept. The tower becomes the third studio in a portfolio. The studio offers new directions for development of city architecture in China. Namely actualisation of ecologically steady Multiplan structures which would return the nature in cities. The city of Chongking became the fourth on size a city of China in 1997.

Urban Forest

Tree as the trigger to filter the pollution in the city, basically the mission is to grow a forest within the city in order to filter the air. But city is full of buildings and the forest is full of trees, how will these two things integrate with each other?

All the precedence I have seen is about architecture, but one or two buildings are not able to change the sky condition in China. However there are not enough grounds for a forest. So the problems now for the project are to rethink about how to create more grounds for trees in the urban centre? While at the same time, it is crucial to keep the development of the city with stranded density. I think stranded density here doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t necessary mean the same density as the old city, because the density of the city is too high at the moment to provide a dense healthy urban centre. The purpose of keep the density of the city is because this project doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to interrupt the development of the city. And that is the challenge of the project which is how to cooperate the air quality and urban development together.

This drawing is trying to explore the potential of how to create space for more trees inside the city. However, I realised that this idea have so many problems when put this idea into practise. You will have to spend a lot just on irrigation system than planting tree on the ground. For developing countries, money is big problem. Fancy idea may be good for developed countries, but in China, if this project wants to clean the sky, money is another crucial aspect need to be taken into account. Other than that, how big trees you want to plant? If they are big trees, it will take long time for the installation. If they are just little trees, like 1.5 m to 2 m, how to take care of these young trees? Although this fancy idea is not going to happen in China, what it does tell me is that maybe the trees can move depending on the seasons or events. It is just like the string we use when we air our clothes.

Trees Make Effective Sound Barriers Trees muffle urban noise almost as effectively as stone walls. Trees, planted at strategic points in a neighborhood or around your house, can abate major noises from freeways and airports.

Trees Produce Oxygen A mature leafy tree produces as much oxygen in a season as 10 people inhale in a year.

Trees Fight Soil Erosion Trees fight soil erosion, conserve rainwater, and reduce water runoff and sediment deposit after storms.

Trees Increase Property Values Real estate values increase when trees beautify a property or neighborhood. Trees can increase the property value of your home by 15% or more.

Trees Become Carbon Sinks To produce its food, a tree absorbs and locks away carbon dioxide, a global warming suspect. An urban forest is a carbon storage area that can lock up as much carbon as it produces.

Trees Act as Windbreaks During windy and cold seasons, trees act as windbreaks. A windbreak can lower home heating bills up to 30%. A reduction in wind can also reduce the drying effect on other vegetation behind the windbreak.

Trees Clean the Air Trees help cleanse the air by intercepting airborne particles, reducing heat, and absorbing such pollutants as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Trees remove this air pollution by lowering air temperature, through respiration, and by retaining particulates.

Trees Shade and Cool Shade from trees reduces the need for air conditioning in summer. In winter, trees break the force of winter winds, lowering heating costs. Studies have shown that parts of cities without cooling shade from trees can literally be "heat islands," with temperatures as much as 12 degrees Fahrenheit higher than surrounding areas.

Growing trees have so many advantages; they cannot just filter the air, but also reduce the pollution in term of saving energy of our daily expense. Even knowing that, there are still not enough grounds for trees in the city; because people are growing buildings instead inside the city. Why donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t grow trees around city instead of inside the city to filter the air? Have you ever walk in the park feeling the fresh air, full of oxygen around you? This project is not just about the dream of making the sky blue again. It is also about how to improve the living quality of people. How to change the grey sky also change the grey environment in China? Is that possible to elevate two or three ground levels of the buildings so that except the footings, we will have extra ground for trees? Green roof is not new, but to grow trees on the building still seems unreal. How about little trees? A tree nursery? Is that possible to use the top level of the building as a tree nursery?

How can I save energy on the construction site? How I design the master plan that is good for tree nursery and the development of this site? How to design the topography that is good for tree nursery in term of water supply, soil resource, sunshine for trees and protecting the trees from the attract of the win? What type of topography is good for planting the trees?

The site is 222.73 acres and most of most of the existing land is used for agriculture. If the city need to develop, agriculture land is better to remove from the inner city, because most of the agriculture plants have low resistance towards pollution. Apartment buildings will still be the main object of on the site. Because I believe, the increasing amount of people in China is the main problems that need to be solved towards development.

RULE 1

Saving energy can start from the construction stage. The first rule for the master plan is existing land use of the site. Based on different functions of the existing site, consider different programs on the site. If the existing is agricultural land or plants, it will be a potential green public space, because the soil there is healthier than the land is used for buildings. That means we need less fresh soil. So energy will be saved on transportation and reconstruct the site. If the existing is commercial and residential buildings, it will be a potential buildings space.

This idea is to add other levels of ground for tree nursery and use the topography and buildings act as the wind breakers for the young trees on the buildings. Problems facing: 1: How to design the nursery that working as a filter for the city? 2: How to design the transportation system to keep the development? 3: How to design the buildings to make sure that there are enough sunshine for the young trees?

Divide and reconnect the existing land use of the site. As a start of the master plan, the benefit of doing this is make the site easier to apply programs based on my rule one, no matter the former land use is agriculture or buildings. The industrial zone on the existing site will be kept as a requirement for a dense city.

RULE 2

In order to keep the rapid speed of development of China, the site should able to provide convenience for the commercial and industrial. The second rule is about the zone division. Basically, the industrial and commercial zones are planed next to the main road, and the residential is planed next to the river and secondary and tertiary road.

Use multi degrees of roof can maximize the dimension of the tree nursery on the top of the buildings. And they will cool the buildings. Problem is on the top of the building, the most windy area, how to protect the young trees if putting the nursery on the top of the buildings.

industrial commercial residential green space Based on the rule 1 and rule 2, I get this basic master plan which has followed the rule 1-use the existing site land use to determine the program and rule 2-provide better transportation locations for the commercial zone.

RULE 3

Trees need two things in order to keep alive, sunshine and soil. Rule 3, use slop to plant trees can maximize the quantity of the trees. Use slop to grow trees can maximum the quantity of the tree that can be grow in the same spot. The left hand diagram has showed that slop provide trees as a multi layers, because they can share more sunshine and soil which are the crucial part for trees to survive.

But what is the maximum tree survival rate and what is the optimal degree of trunk inclination? Based on the report â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tree coexistence on a slope : an adaptive significance of trunk inclinationâ&#x20AC;? by REIICHIRO ISHII & MASAHIKO HIGASHI, in 1997, the maximum degree of the slope is depending on the species of the trees and whether it is healthy or not. So stronger the root, easier the trees can be grown on the slop.

Based on the master plan that I have got in rule 1 and rule 2, add the topography from rule 3 inside the master plan. This sketch is thinking about how to manage the topography of commercial and residential buildings and public green space to provide the better the condition for tree nursery.

RULE 4

The sand storms are another important reason that making the air condition bad inside the city and causing the grey sky. Rule 4 is design topography to protect the residential zones from sand storm to provide better quality of life.

At the main while I am thinking about design a eco system that can make the buildings trees and human work together as a living machine. Buildings at the top level and the grey water from buildings can water the plans, during the same process the plans filter the water, after that the water will be store and treating in the tank.

Add the rule 3 into the previous master plan then reconfigure the design.

RULE 5

The river surround the site is almost dry. Rule 5, add another layer of topography on the site to reinforce the dry river. On this site the river may be cannot use for watering the plants, because this is a very small river, but when this strategy is applied for the whole city development, the water resources can get from the nearby river.

This drawing is the thinking about how to use the water recourse to maintain the healthy trees. Becasue maintaining a healthy tree is as important as grow one more tree. How will a healthy tree coexist within the city? How to plan the city in order to grow a healthy forest in the city? The leaves is where the tree need sunshine, we can trim the tree where they canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t enough sunshine, so that at the other side of the tree where it can get enough sunshine will grow better.

Add rule 5 to the master plan, so that the topography will not only protect the residential area from the sand storms but also reinforce the river. My way of design is keep adding ideas that I think will be good for the site on to the site and test it.

RULE 6

With the rapid speed of urbanization and deforestation, the sand storms have increasingly become one of the most important factor that are causing the grey sky in China. Rule 6, add another layer of topography to break the cold wind during the winter at the north of the site to protect the residential area from sand storm.

The air quality is bad because the air has contained so many polluted particles. If the wind blows the air, the wind breaker break down or redirect the wind, that means I can design a multi-functional wind breaker that not only break the wind, but also redirect the wind to somewhere that has less people outdoor activities and can filter the air more effectively.

wind from north

pollution from the high way

bike path

Add rule 6 to the master plan, use the photography to protect the wind, bike path will connect different levels of topography, so people on different level will be able to go to the industrial, commercial or residential area by bike separately from the traffic.

RULE 7

BU IL

DIN

IN ILD BU

Is it possible to build a 20 floors height of topography to protect the whole site? What is the alternative wind breaker other than topography? Rule 7, design buildings as the topography act as wind breakers. In China, the sunshine come from south, the high buildings that act as wind breaker at the north of the site will not have conflict with the south sunshine when I trying to put tree nursery on the buildings.

Add rule 7 to the master plan, make decisions about where to put buildings as wind breaker. Reconfigure the master plan.

Initial idea of create a elevated bike path that connecting the whole site. Separate the bike path away from the public transport, so that there will be less traffic jam and people do not have to riding bike next to cars. It will clean the sky from:

wider road less traďŹ&#x192;c jam less waiting time in front of the red light less pollution

elevated bike path less infrastructure than elevated high way no need to use extra gas when you drive less pollution

What if I fail to do this? People resist changing their way of living and no one want to use bike path? There is backup plan that at the end and start point of the bike path, set up a free ice-cream shop for the people who are riding bikes and use elevated bike path. There is something about the Chinese culture, Chinese people are cheap. Sometime we will walk hours for free things. The money used for running the ice-cream shop can come from the government, because the wider road brings more traffic, just for that, the income is much more than running a ice-cream shop.

first level bike path second level foot path third level foot path top level plants nurse nursery bottom level plants bottom level transport

The master plan right now is to create 5 levels of ground. All the parking area will be underground. The ground level will only for the public transport. The first layer will be used for bike path. The second layer will be the walking and public space. The third layer will be another layer of walking path for the people who live up floors. The top level will be the tree nursery. Set up the height of the buildings, so that the buildings will break the wind from the tree nursery, one for another.

Because the most of the ground level of the buildings is elevated, so the city has much more space for cars and public transportation. And the pollution from the public transport is from the ground level to the sky, 5 levels of ground are like different layers of filters. The tree nursery wills not only at the top level, depending on the species, all the levels will have opportunity for nursery. After the little trees become to the big tree, they will be transplanted to the green space at the bottom level.

residential commercial industrial public green space

Different zones of divisions that based on the locations and height of the buildings. Different zones is connected with public green space. Inside the residential area will have more green space. These green space will become the temperary storage for the tree nursery.

ROAD NETWORK

The white areas are the buildings that is not been elevated and public green space. They are the entrance of the buildings and underground parks. The black are is the road network. With my design, the more dense area of the city, the better transportation conditions are, because of the wider road.

The model I am making is just the image of my ideas. When I have the idea of different layers of grounds in the city, it is too hard for me to hand drawing that out on to the master plan because of the multi levels. I am trying to think about the details, how the different layers will work together and how the trees can live with dense buildings. Yet there still have problems like how will people go to the different layers in a residential area. Will they have to go into another residential building to do that? If so, the safety issue will be a big challenge in my project. Because I have not design the connection of different layers.

To review the project I have done until now. I have been focus on how to grow more trees in the city. But there are too things I have been missing. 1. What is the standed density of the fast-growing countries? 2. How many trees is enough? What is the aim of my project, like 1 trees per person? And I do not like the form I am creating, I am not taking any time to think about the form, because I do not think the form will make any difference in term of change the sky condition. However, how to design a tree nursery is what I am going to focus on for the next step.

The rendering is not look like what I think that I have changed everything. It does not look much different with the existing conditions. But my design is not focus on the form but the way of living. And what I want to design is not the form of buildings, what I want to design, is the sky. Thy way of living has changed.

How to design the buildings to keep the density of city while at the same time have space for trees nursery?

Quantity test

10000.0mm

15000.0mm 3000.0mm

15000.0mm

8000.0mm 46246.2mm

42611.3mm

46246.2mm 42622.8mm

Quality test-Resident view

Quality test-Resident noise

$? Quality test-Developer

How many trees need to be grow on the site?

How many people is going to accomodate with standard density?

Soil resource for container change

110 50

Transport the pot trees

Irrigation system

VXQ

winter sun

VXQ

3m o

32 30’ 4.8 m

the maximum sun angle in Zhengzhou is 78 82’ the minimum sun angle in Zhengzhou is 32 30’ o

ZLQG

effective wind breaker

Conclusion

Bibliograohy

Timothy Morton. 2009 Ecology Without Nature. 2nd ed. London: Harvard University Press. 34-37. Reiichiro Ishii and Masahiko Higashi (1997). Tree coexistence on a slope. Japan: Kyoto University. 2-4. Bedker, P.J.; O'Brien, J.G.; Mielke, M.E. 1995. How to Prune Trees, NA-FR-01-95. Radnor, PA Bedker, P.J.; O'Brien, J.G.; Mielke, M.E. 1995. How to Grow and Maintain a Healthy Birch Tree, NA-FR-01-95. Radnor, PA Aiba, S. & Kohyama, T. 1996 Tree species stratiďŹ cation in relation to allometry and demography in a warm temperate rain forest. J. Ecol. 84, 207-218. Del Tredici, P. 1992 Natural regeneration of Ginkgo biloba from downward growing cotyledonary buds (Basal Chichi). Am. J. of Bot. 79, 522-530. Huisman, J. & Weissing, F. J. 1994 Light-limited growth and competition for light in well mixed aquatic environments: an elementary model. Ecology 75, 507-520. King, D. 1981 Tree dimensions: Maximizing the rate of height growth in dense stands. Oecologia 51, 351-356. Kohyama, T. 1992 Size-structured multi-species model of rain forest trees. Funct. Ecol. 6, 206-212.