Jing,TIAN MLA RMIT 2011

TANGLED DEVELOPMENT

3266790 JingTian

Exploring the potential of Mixed use Urban Landscape Development in China.

Inspired from follie making -- Tangle 2011

Content

Excusive Summary

04

Research Question + Abstract Introduction

07

Background

09

Precedent

11

Research Methodology

16

Design Theory Force

20

Conflict

22

Harmony

25

Site Introduction TianJin

30

ShuangGang Town

33

Design Project version001

49

version002

73

version003

83

version004

127

Review+Redesign

119

Projection

130

Conclusion

132

Bibliography

134

Reference

136

EXCUSIVE SUMMARY TITLE Tangled Development SUBTITLE Exploring the potential of Mixed use Urban Landscape Development in China.

RESEARCH QUESTION An investigation of cross-programming as a strategy to address the issues arising from the current urban development practice in China.

ABSTRACT Urbanisation in China is occurring at an unprecedented rate and is expected to continue at this fast pace over the next few decades. China in the 1940s had 69 ‘cities’, in 2007 it had 670 ‘cities’, almost ten times as many. The increase in urbanisation is attributed to a number of factors including migration from villages to cities, natural growth, and economic stimulus, leading to the expansion of small towns to the point that they may be reclassified as cities. While China has coped more effectively than many countries with the demands of urbanisation, a number of issues need to be tackled urgently: employment, infrastructure, energy, agricultural production and water management.

The projection to 2025 suggests that, it is likely that another 200 to 250 million people will migrate to China’s cities. Providing jobs and infrastructure for this anticipated inflow of people poses major challenges. Including the fact that urban residents use 3.6 times as much energy as rural residents.

Urban sprawl is also an important issue as it is critical to maintain sufficient arable land for agricultural production. At the same time, China suffers from water scarcity, with just over 2,100 cubic meters of water available per person—one-third of the world average.

The intention of my research is enable agricultural production to be maintained in city by designing a new ‘tangled’ development in the north of ShuangGang Town, in Tianjin, China. The current development practice eradicates this possibility. ShuangGang Town is five kilometers from the city centre. The existing agricultural productive land is being displaced by current urbanization practice.

This has resulted in less of a social interaction for both the existing inhabitants, and those that come to live in the new developments. The farmers effectively lose their livelihoods, although the government pays a single lump-sum payment for property. The local food production is removed resulting in increased food costs. The ecological balance is also suffering. The vegetation condition of site is simple and bald.

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EXCUSIVE SUMMARY

The potentials of mixing programs may provide alternatives that address these issues. Philosopher Heraclitus, suggests that “The unlike is joined together, and from differences results the most beautiful harmony.” In this manner cross-programming, the tan gled development, intends to link different aspects of city fabric together, in order to provide harmonious living spaces for people in the city. What is the harmonious living space? “Harmony” as a word itself originated from the ancient Chinese concept “the harmony between the heaven and the human”, which emphasizes that human cannot soley ask from nature but should respect and compensate nature in return. At this point, I claim that tangled development respects and follows the nature. That is the aim of my research. People should live in line with the pace of natural development, so that life can be harmonious.

My design research explores the site through three scales: city scale, town scale and human scale. The city scale raises the value of the site within the whole city. The town scale distributes the land legitimately. The farmers could maintain the land ownership and provide the local fresh food for people. This maintains employment for the farmers, and at the local scale could provide the multiple function space for new residents. The people who come to live here will experience an environment that mixes agricultural production with open space, which is quite precious value for developers as well. For the water management, the water on the site is under the circle uses in both agriculture and urban life. Also, water as part of infrastructure on the site provides another entertainment function. The energy consumption is reduced by electronic controlling, vehicles controlling and self-sufficient life style. Because of the tangled development provide the opportunities for residential and commercial, people could save steps between work and home.

The ‘tangle’ represents a complicated status of the object, however, from my observation ‘tangle’ may provide opportunities for rethinking urban development. Urban development could be a natural process not to monopolize or manipulate, which is just like the ‘tangle’. I am not saying the natural process is disorder. The universe has already set up a perfect ‘system’ for the world. I would like to stop and see what happened if we just follow that ‘system’. The way I have employed ‘tangle’ is informed by the physics definition that describes it as: the mutual force action between objects enable structural integrity. When the city is expands, the force from urbanization is in conflict with the original forces from the agriculture, the local culture and so on. My theoretical solution is to create productive status of potential benefit to both forces through a ‘tangled’ development model.

In conclusion, my research is the focus on the tangle in conceptual terms. The way I am considering the tangle is both a way of designing, and a way of conceptualising urban growth. Perhaps, it is not only for the design but also for the life. It is a window which I could step into another world.

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INTRODUCTION

What is the meaning of ‘tangle’? In English, there have many definitions about it: to mix together or intertwine in a confused mass; force into some kind of situation, condition, or course of action; twist together or entwine into a confusing mass. Also, as an international student, I am interested the meaning of it in mother language.

In Chinese, the word of ‘tangle’ actually has quite long history. It was started used from 2000 years ago in The Qin Dynasty. Obviously, it could be clearly seen from the picture, it represented the complicated status. What aspects are attractive me? I believe that is potential meaning of the tangle.

Tangled development is a new way to rethink about the city development. When we face the conflicts from the city development, as a designer, what kinds of attitude we should have? What kinds of way of thinking will good for people or the government?

Tangled Development is a new opportunities for designer or developer making decisions.

Tangled development is different with contemporary development mode of China. Tangled development are changable because the needs from people or the government are changing all the time. The function of land use will be changable, which depends on the factors nearby.

Tangled development is trying create a harmony environment for people. The government and locals are all can get benefits from it. In my design process, I spend a lots of time to think about the theory of tangle development. I have three key words to explore: FORCE, CONFLICT AND HARMONY. It is the fact that urbanisation results a series of issues. In the design project, I am testing the theory of tangled development.

At the beginning of the projectA, I was made tangle unpurpose. But it is just coming natually. Tangle making gives me a sense of force. The force as a conceptual idea is not easy to represent. However, force sometimes could be seen in reality way. Because force result conflict. The conflicts are what we are seeing.

The contemporary development mode in China is monopoly and rigid. Urbanisation in China is taking place at an unprecedented pace. I choose a site in Tianjin, China. Exploring the tangle as a theory to design a new development mode called ‘tangled development’. The project is focus on response urbanisation through exploring the theory of ‘tangled development’.

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INTRODUCTION

What kinds of forces causing the urbanisation? The tangled development is not avoided those forces but making them mixing together. As a designer, I would like to see what happened when the different city fabrics mixing together. The expectation outcome of project is creating a harmony living space for people.

How forces changing over time? What are the results from it? Does ‘tangled development’ still can deal with it? What are the differences between contemporary development and tangled development?

The design project is demonstrate that the ‘tangle’ theory provide the opportunities for different city fabrics mixing together and different quality of living space.

CONFLICT

Fig 1-2 : Understanding about conflic and harmony

Fig 1-1: Force from arm-wrestling

BALANCE/HARMONY

What forces are driving them? Are they Governance, Politics, Economics, or Science? This is a quite large topic. Let us just back to the tangle, I found it is the result after being forced. This result is simple and irregular. Simple result means different forces coming together in original direction. It is not necessary to change or add force on it. Therefore, the way of mixing forces is simple. Because of the way of mixing forces there is no rule to make them clearly. So the status of mix forces is irregular. At this point, the status of tangle is harmony within the different forces. The status is stable and changeable. Stable is because different forces are helped to hold together. Changeable is because the forces are changing all the time. The tangle has actually the quality of this theory.

In the project, I analysis what kinds of forces on the site. Those forces like land use, employment, infrastructure and economy are lead to the existing situation. I will design a new system based on effects of those forces. It aimed to provide the harmony status.

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BACKGROUND

Since China adopted its reform and open-door policy in the late 1970s, the pace of urbanisation has continued to accelerate. The number of cities soared from 223 in 1980 to the 1997 statistic of 668 cities and 17,000 towns. Three Chinese cities, Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin, are among the world’s megacities, those with more than 10 million residents. China’s urban population mounted from 191 million (9 per cent of the whole population) in 1980 to 380 million (30 per cent of the whole population) in 1997.

Currently the pace of urbanisation is progressing at 0.5 per cent yearly, one of the highest rates in the world. Not surprisingly, this rapid urbanization process, along with on-going social and economic transitions, has presented great challenges for those leading urbanization in China. A number of issues need to be tackled urgently: employment, infrastructure, energy, agricultural production and water management.

The agricultural land is taking placing by contemporary development practice. Agricultural land is one of the serious issues and it is need to pay more attention by designers or developers. Otherwise, the problems will be getting worse. In 2003, the relative proportion of China’s production outputs from agriculture, industry and services was 14.7 to 53 to 32.3 precents respectively, which indicates that China has not completed the transformation from pre-industrialization to industrialization.

Fig 1-3: Chinese career event

During this period, therefore, it is inappropriate to over-emphasize urbanization. In addition, in 2002, the number of employees working in state-owned enterprises fell from the previous record high of 75 million to 40 million, with nearly 20 million people laid-off. As of June 2004, 8.37 million people in China’s cities and towns were unemployed. That are what is happening on my test site in TianJin of China. Most farmers are unemployed and nobody care about them.

In my project, the infrastructure and agriculture are tangled together. It creates a different streetscape and land use is more effectively. With its rapidly increasing urbanisation China has experienced continuous reform of investment, construction and management systems of urban infrastructure. China’s urban infrastructure has also embarked on a fast growing track and the investment in urban infrastructure has witnessed a continuous expansion. Although the pace of urban infrastructure development continues accelerating, the gap between supply and demand remains substantial.

Fig 1-4: Traffic jam in TianJin

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BACKGROUND

The agricultural land on the test site is almost loss ownership by farmers. In China, the village authorities have right to decide land use. But now the government invest more property on the agricultural land. Only after two or three years, there is no land for agriculture. The opportunity of agriculture is completely lost. There is something is happening but the government is ignoring.

Rapid urbanization transfers more and more land away from agricultural production, threatening China’s capability to feed itself.

Because of rapid industrial development and population growth, the land base for agricultural production has been shrinking steadily. According to paper analyses from International Food Policy Research Institute said that since 1952, more than 13 million hectares of arable land have been lost. Farmers are losing their livelihood. Farmers will go to the city to find jobs lead to city area is getting crew.

Fig 1-5: Farmers life After urbanisation

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Precedent Study

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PRECEDENT STUDY

Reading Precedent At the beginning of this semester, I did some readings about city development. The text readings are useful for theory and methodology. Before I reading the text precedents, I am not sure about methodology and focus. The readings did give me some inspiration.

For example, Dublin city development plan, it got strategy for the future development. This is helping me in next step. Because the master plan of design project is under the strategy, it is quite convinced. And the aim of the Dublin city development plan was remind me the other direction of my project could be.

Because the city grows fast, the aim is sustainability and quality of life. Sustainable development is kinds of what I like because it is the way to negotiate. The other text precedent I reading is called Birmingham Big City Plan. It have three things I have learnt: aimed to have its own distinctive city, in terms of visually, culturally, economically to plan, make a real global impact. The plan process is useful for me. The diagram shows that what I am looking in the reading.

Fig 3-4: Big City Plan

Fig 3-5: Dublin city development plan

Substantial Requirement

Distinctiveness of City

oach ach Apcphr Appro r esea

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Specific priorities n latio popu ry histo ent ronm envi ing exist

at least discouraged not special

PRECEDENT STUDY

Sometimes negative precedents are helpful as well.

The pictures below are negative precedents which I do not like. These are contemporary development in china. You could see the city is full of the buildings. The urbanization is sweeping away all other things.

This is the reason why I want to explore tangle into city development. The negative precedents are quite useful for me, because it is really helps me to make my own position stronger. It could clearly shows that my project should not be like that. At the same time, I could show you how city looks like at this moment.

Fig 3-5/3-6/3-7: Density of urbanisation

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PRECEDE NT STUDY

Sometimes precedents are supporting ideas.

Bernard Tschumi’s “Cross-programming“ Bernard Tschumi’s principles of “cross-programming“, as explained in Architecture & Disjunction (1994: 253-254) will be used to investigate transformation in architecture. In this publication he proposes principles of adaptation and change.

Architecture is the combination of space, events and movement without any hierarchy.’ Tschumi’s concept of cross-programming referrers to two aspects: Activities must be able to overlap and building must be able to adapt to different programmes over time.

Both of these concepts will allow for a flow of dialogue by emphasising transformation, adaptation and change as movement in deisgn.

Overlapping of the programme within a design will allow for users to cross paths and for vibrant urban interchange.

Tangled development has a similar idea with Tschumi. Bernard Tschumi is more focus on architecutre which is smaller scale than tangled development. Tangled development allow for cross city fabrics to create a new development mode.

Fig 3-8: Diagram from Event-cities cross-programming

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PRECEDENT STUDY

The Contemporary Response Argument Beijing’s New Urban Countryside- Designing with Complexity and Strategic Landscape Planning In the journal, the author Stokman, Rabe and Ruff claim the argument that a new management system leading to sustainable development and design of the green belt can only be achieved by designing new ways of interaction between the different actors and the land. At this point of view, I have the same position of understanding of city development mode. Because of the rapid land-use change processes connected to the adaptive and inventive connections between people and the land. It is also interesting in different scenarios for the future development of Beijing’s urban countryside were developed and discussed.

In the aspect of residential planning, it is separated building into different types like old flat house, luxurious micro residential districts and house in the field. I am partly agree with those ideas like the sharing are the characteristic of farmers. It is good for others as well. At the same time, the luxurious residential could increasing negative influence between rich and poor people. It will affect the balance of harmony life.

Also, it is reasonable that different scenarios of agricultural fields discussed in the journal.

Fig3-9: FABRIC - Dynamic Landscapes: Mas terplan

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In research process I was consider through precedents study. However, it is important that my own methodology is useful. My research question was specific and the aim is explore new mode. Therefore, I need to have specific approach.

Keyword I like to use key word to identify what is my position or direction. When I did research to define my question, it is quite hard to think. The information is all coming out of the mind. I was in a dilemma situation because I cannot find the key point. Then, key word I was summarized from tests is quite useful which run through whole process.

Modeling Model is good tool to redefine the understanding about the topic. The benefit of modeling is visible. It is help to understand about the topic deeply. In additional, it also could support the ideas. For example, when I was thinking about the city development force, I made the model.

The model is quite helpful to support my ideas and give me more confidence of my work.

Transformation For my research project, it is quite specific. Also, it is sort of future development, which not quite sure. Therefore, I use transformation as approach to make my work more logical. For example, I design a new development mode through engage the existing site conditions. I transfer the benefits from contemporary condition into the future development. Because the ideas are tested already on the site, it is more reasonable.

Review Review could make sure the direction of my work right or wrong? Sometimes people closely involved cannot see clearly by themselves. Review could find the leak of logical as well. It could find surprise in somehow, for instance, one of my ideas is quite interesting when I review the work. Review could reserve some potential ideas.

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FOLLIES

FOLLIES Define the research question through follies making.

Three follies I made in MLA camping. They are quite useful for me. At that time, I was try to engage the changing within the site. The first one was made on the beach. I was observing the surrounding first. What can I investigate on the site? In the meantime, I was noticed that the materials are limited. I think it is a good thing because specific help to locate the position. The changing was happening when I was there. Many elements could be considered like the tide, the wind, the sun, the shadow and the sand. And I use the straw as the only material. I was still tried to define my research question.

The second one was made on the camping quarter. Also, I was observing first. This time I was more focus on the details. To see what I will get. The environment is abundant than the beach. I was not only found the vegetations and insects, but also the movement of nature. I use the string as the only material to explore the changing. In this process, the tangle was made unconsciously. What force to make it? It is irregular because I did change the direction of string. And I cannot find the way to summary the phenomenon. This is surprise for me because the tangle seems mysterious.

The third one was back to beach as well but the small river. I use stick and string as material to explore changing. I found speed of river tide fast. Therefore, I decide to test the modeling through the river tide. The surprise I get was the new understanding about the city. When the river tide came, the string and stick were conflict with water. At the same time, some attachments were stopped by string. If think about this in terms of city development, it seems like expression of conflicts. When the conflicts were happened between two forces, the attachments will appear.

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FOLLIES

Accident? Specific Order?

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Design Theory Exploring

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DESIGN THEORY

Forces drive the development

My argument is that the development needs to be processed naturally. The tangled making gives an inspiration about what is the naturally status. Although the tangle looks like mass, it is the best for balancing the forces.

From the observation of tangle making, I found the force in the process is interesting. What forces caused urbanisation? Are they Governance, Politics, Economics, or Science? Of course, the population growth is the main force for urbanisation. The urbanisation is happening around fast developing countries. It is already become a strong force in development.

Developer need to design the city under force of urbanisation. What effects are generated under the force? People lost their jobs because of the fierce competition. The infrastructure needs to be enhanced due to vernacular demand. The consumption of energy in the world is a common issue. Especially, the urban residents use 3.6 times as much energy as rural residents. The agricultural land is replacing by contemporary development practicing.

How does contemporary developers response those issues? The sustainable strategy is good one. Designer prefers to design a sustainable system, but it is still replacing the agricultural land. The farmers are losing their livelihood. The city is getting crew because of rural people step into the boundary. Some other designers are design an agricultural area in people’s life. This is wisely one. The value of the agricultural land is rising because of urbanisation. People like rural life and nature. Those ideas are providing a different quality of life for people.

Are those designers inspiring the developers’ mind? Did they rethink about development mode? In China, I admit that the policy is a biggest force for the developer. However, developer did not think about the better solution for both government and vernacular life.

I suppose that the solutions will never coming unless you are trying. As a designer who has life experience in china more than 20 year, I have strong motivation for the better solution.

What is the natural response for the forces? I like to consider the question in a simple way. Of course it is depends on the materials from the forces. Let us think about the city fabrics like agriculture, residential, open space, industry and commercial. It is not hard to see that different fabric have different force supporting. Agriculture is supporting food chain. Residential and commercial are providing the space for living and working. Open space is giving a chance for entertainment. Industry is the basic part of economy in the country. When one of the forces is attacking others, the contemporary response is replacing. The material of the city fabric seems like solid and inelastic. I doubt that assumption because the material of city fabric is actually obeying the sustainable strategy.

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DESIGN THEORY

The forces are changing all the time because of the policy or economy. No matter what kinds of forces, the contemporary development mode cannot face it flexible. There is a simple example about my understanding of forces. Sometimes people struggle about one thing right or wrong. The good way to deal with it is that people adjust the motion by themselves. In this process people find a balance position help to feel better. The material of the force is soft and flexible. Because people have a chance to negotiate, the conflicts are not that strong. When developers design the city, different city fabrics have no chance to negotiate. The developers are too rushing to make all possibilities. This development mode is what happening in China.

The diagram on the left is shows that how the site changing under the force.

Two directions are the highway. On the right side, it is the HaiHe River. The government is developing this area in recent years. The potential of the space where near the river will be obvious. The blue area is the agriculture land. The surrounding villages are already developed. What I mean by that is the urbanization has sweep away agriculture.

In general the red lines represent the direction of the city growth. On the site Fig 2-1: Forces analysis on site

picture, there already have new residential that provide for urban and local people. However, the development is getting close to the boundary of agriculture area. The conflicts are showing. For example, the land used rate is nearly zero. The farmer is find job in near villages to make money. The urban residential is face to bold land every day.

I explore the conflict on the site to understanding about the force. Using paper as a site, imitate the force analysis to see what happened. In this test, I found the force wrinkle the paper. When the conflict happening, the simple way should be like that. When the urbanization meets the agriculture, the natural conflict should be like this. The agriculture area should like the wrinkle. How to do that? I believe this is the opportunity for tangle to achieve the natural development mode.

Meanwhile the model is support the previous one. The agriculture should existing in some formats not just disappeared.

Fig 2-2: modelling forces

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DESIGN THEORY

Conflicts within the forces When I was first time made tangle, I did not notice how I did that. Of course, the force is main reason. However, conflicts are the other reason. Otherwise, it may be a line or network. In the reality world, development of city is already crossed. So I am trying to understand that what is the original status of development?

When two or more forces were met each other in opposite direction, the conflicts are happening in the boundary line. When the forces were pushed the city development, the conflicts are existing between them. About the relationship of force and conflicts is not new topic.

Around 1880, people already understanding about conflicts. Conflict theories are perspectives in social science which emphasize the social, political or material inequality of a social group, which critique the broad socio-political system, or which otherwise detract from structural functionalism and ideological conservatism. As a Landscape Architecture, I can see some conflicts are happening in our daily life. We should take advantages from the understanding to deal with the conflicts.

In China, developer is ignoring the conflicts and creating a better environment still. I supposed that is impossible. The conflicts are not disappearing unless someone to take care of it. The conflicts in China are draw attention to people.

People are getting noticed what is happening. In large scale, there are thousands of conflicts happened in the universe. But why we still have good order for living? I believe that the conflicts are already balanced by the universe itself.

In my point of view, this is a special ability of universe, which is called ‘nature’.

The natural means the balance or the harmony. I am going to explore the ‘harmony’ status on urbanisation area. The design project is trying to create a ‘natural’ development mode through ‘tangled development ’in order to balance the conflicts from urbanisation.

The balance theory could provide a harmony environment. The ‘conflict theories’ are focus on the small scale. Why not try different scale: country, city and individual.

Fig 2-3:Force lead to conflicts

The solution of conflicts is borrowing the chinese TaiChi. The design is not avoid the conflicts but based on it. The model I made is trying to demonstrate that the solution of conflicts is not destroy it. The different colors only change the position in spatial way. It is just like agriculture land which does not have to be replaced. It is just existing in other forms.

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DESIGN THEORY

HOW CITY DEVELOPMENT

city

FOLLIE KEY WORDS

city

URBANIZATION

Fig 2-4: City need to deal with the conflicts

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DESIGN THEORY

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DESIGN THEORY

Harmony of development conflicts

Philosopher Heraclitus, suggests that “The unlike is joined together, and from differences results the most beautiful harmony. Tan-

C

gled development will produce a harmony living environment for both locals and new migrants. Why the harmony is important for Chinese? Actually harmony is quite sensitive word in contemporary society in China, which means the important of that.

H

The harmony itself is not steady but changing. The status of harmony is just like Chinese Tai chi which is changing but harmony.

In the design project, I explore the harmony living environment in small scale and large scale. The conflicts are changing follow

A

the forces changing. Therefore, my understanding about harmony status is not stable but flow. The function of land use is flow.

With the changing of land use, people could experience different life style. This development mode is not forced by human but the force itself. The activities for people are flow. The small scale for

N

people living space will be more interesting. Different activities are holding on different time. Locals have right to decide the topic of activities. Also, the agricultural land will generate different colour production through time line.

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DESIGN THEORY

BEFORE: peaceful

force

The model on the left is the understanding about relationship between urbanisation and tangled development. The process of tangle making is force, conflict and

conflicts

tangle. It is just like city development, the government, policy or the economy could be the force. The urbanisation and agricultural land have conflicts.

However, the contemporary development mode is ig-

tangle

noring that regular. Therefore, it will destroy the natural process. I believe that the tangled development should be the better way for city development.

AFTER: tangle

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DESIGN THEORY

DESIGN THEORY SUMMARY

Testing above understanding for tangled development, I choose a site to explore. Before that, I sum up the design theory as a guide for designing.

Design Principles - Different city fabrics exist at the same time - The forms of different design no limited - All possibilities for the design - Economic interests for government and locals - Making the agricultural land productive as much as possible

Tangled Development Characteristics - Multiple land use through timeline - Cross programming - Harmony life - Eco-friendly - Varies combination surrounding environment - Maintain the majority without laminating minority

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Site Introduction

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SITE INTRODUCTION

Fig 4-1: Google Map of TianJin

CHINA

Fig 4-2: View of TianJin CBD

About TianJin

Tianjin is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People’s Republic of China. Its name means ‘the place where the emperor crossed the river’. Facing the Bohai Sea, Tianjin, the onetime imperial port, serves as Beijing’s vital gateway to the sea. In recent years Tianjin receives more and more attention from tourists due to its illustrious historical heritage and other travel resources.

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SITE INTRODUCTION

In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People’s Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. Tianjin’s urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Although already at 11 million residents, Tianjin is expected to see a surge in population by 2030. TianJin is facing big challenge due to urbanisation. What is happening under such rapid urbanisation pace? The common problems are happening on the site.

TianJin,China

BoHai Fig 4-3: Google Map of TianJin

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SITE INTRODUCTION

2002 HAIHE RIVER

AGRICULTURAL LAND

SITE BOUNDARY

HIGHWAY

2005

CONSTRUCTING AREA

OPEN SAPCE

2009 HIGHWAY

EMPTY AREA/NEGOTIATION

The urbanisation in TianJin could clearly see from the diagrams. According to the CITYFIX, it said although already at eleven million residents, Tianjin is expected to see a surge in population by 2030.

The diagram shows that the urbanisation in TianJin from 2002 to 2009. A recent episode of the CNN series, Future Cities, highlights the challenges Tianjin, China faces as it follows a recognizable urbanization model. Currently the city houses 11 million residents with more on the way. According to Richard Quest, the host of the show, by 2030, one billion people will be living in Chinese cities. This means an additional 350 million people will migrate to Chinese cities, extending the boundaries of urbanization and putting a new pressure on resources.

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SITE INTRODUCTION

Fig 4-4: Location of ShuangGang Town

CITY

About ShuangGang Town

The location of test site is a part of ShuangGang town. ShuangGang Town is five kilometers from the city centre. The existing agricultural productive land is being displacing by current urbanization practice. There are four villages on the site: LiLou, TaoYuanGu, LiuTai and XiaoXinZhuang. The total land area is approximately 1400 Acres. The land ownership is belonging to the local farmers.

About land ownership has a different situation with the other countries.

China’s land-tenure system combines private use rights with public ownership to provide economic incentives for farm households, while stopping short of allowing full land ownership and alienable rights. Nominally, agricultural land is collectively owned by the xiaozu, which are groups of 30-40 households (hereafter called groups); in some cases, the village is the collective owner (there are around 10 groups in each village). Regardless of who owns the land, the village leadership may still influence, or sometimes dictate, land-use and land-allocation decisions. Local farmers are allocated land-use rights so long as they use the land for agricultural production.

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SITE INTRODUCTION

At this moment, the site area is under developing. The government is going to buy the land ownership from the village. The local farmers will receive single lump-sum payment for property from the government. Nevertheless, the locals are losing their livelihood. The productivity agricultural land will replace by the building or the infrastructure. Such development mode is good for city or country. What benefits will get from this process? In my point of view, the government and local farmers are all get short-term profit. Because of the resources in the world are getting less. The agricultural land will be more valuable in the future. The production from the agriculture could self-sufficient for locals. The government will get rid of the food problems.

According to contemporary development mode, there will have not enough food supply for people in the future.

Fig 4-5: Boundary between agricultural land and urban land

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SITE INTRODUCTION Evolution Of ShuangGang Town From 2002-2010 2002 In 2002, the agricultural land on the site is 90 pecents.

Only the local farmers live in the village. The agriculture is the main llivlihood for locals. The infrastructure is old.

vegetablesgreenhouse

2005 In 2005, the agricultural land are mixing uses. The greenhosue and land cultivate are main method. Some new investment are negotiate with village authorities.

Mixing greenhouse and land cultivate

2009 In 2009, the new investment s were built on the south of the site. the agricultural land was dramatically decreased.

Some third industry start moving into the village.

Cotton fields was the main production

2010 In 2002, the agricultural land on the site is 90 pecents.

Only the local farmers live in the village. The agriculture is the main llivlihood for locals. The infrastructure is old.

Agricultral land is not productive any more.

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EXISTING SITE

36

MLA ADR 2011

SITE INTRODUCTION Existing Quality Of Test Site LiuTai Cun

The site is developed by government. The old agricultural land already displaced by urban inLiuTai

frastructure. The old farmers are moving out of the village. Some agricultural land is waiting for developed next stage.

Fig 4-6: Google Map of site

Fig 4-7/8/9: Existing site picture MLA ADR 2011

37

SITE INTRODUCTION

TaoYuanGu Cun Agricultural Land: 179 acres Population: 1079 families

TaoYuanGu

Fig 4-10: Google Map of site

TaoYuanGu Cun is large part of test site. It is connect with HongNi river. The first picture shows the old a water gate.

The design quality has a potential value. Water gate as an infrastructure could design as part of open space. People always chase the water element in the design.

Fig 4-11/12/13/14: Existing site picture

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SITE INTRODUCTION

XiaoXinZhuang Cun Agricultural Land: 91 acres Population: 457 families

XiaoXinZhuang

XiaoXinZhuang Cun is located on the one side of the HaiHe river.

Because of the location the land value is suppose higher than other.

As the pictures shows that it is a good space for open space and agriculure. The price of the property will be rising value.

Fig 4-15: Google Map of site

Fig 4-16~21: Existing site picture MLA ADR 2011

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SITE INTRODUCTION

LiLou Cun Agricultural Land: 93 acres Population: 821 families LiLou

Fig 4-22: Google Map of site

LiLou Cun is close to the city. Because of the highway on its west side, the location of it is quite good as well. Some New migrants have moved into the village. However, the life on the village is mess and boring.

Fig 4-23: Existing site picture

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MLA ADR 2011

SITE INTRODUCTION

Fig 4-24: Collage for urbanisation in TianJin

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SITE INTRODUCTION

Fig 4-25: earthworm in the earth

Fig 4-26: Boys is enjoying the pressure well

Rethink Contemporary Situation

Who will get benefits from such development mode? Many factories are built on the areas since economic benefit was the sole purpose of the urbanisation from the beginning, which will benefit to local economy, which goes to the wealth of government. Then the government find another place to explore.

So far people noticed that the contemporary development mode result in some serious issues. Some developer give some sustainable strategies which are quite helpful. However, shall we step back to rethink about the development mode. Are there any better ideas about tackle the issues?

I was born around 80s in China and I notice the fast changes are happening around my life. At the beginning I feel good about it because the quality of life is getting better. We live in bigger and cleaner apartment. There are convenience infrastructure could make life easy like the market, restaurant and bus stations. Since when the life is no longer continue like the way before. The space is getting crowed everywhere. Especially, I was enjoyed to live in my grandma’s house. The location of it is quite closed to the site of the project. Several years ago, the village is quite natural. When I was a little girl, I enjoy the agricultural life. I remember the old infrastructure like Pressure well (Fig 4-26). I also remember that the smell of the earth and the earthworm from the agriculture land(Fig: 4-25).

People like to talk each on the street. When there have any harvest, people like to share with neighbour and other locals.

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SITE INTRODUCTION

Right now, there is no more old pressure well and agricultural land.

When I get there, full of private cars on the narrow street. The people are losing the characteristic of honest, kind-hearted. Some of the locals have move to new apartment, the locals have no chance to have a conversation.

I can see the serious influence by urbanisation. I claim that there is have other chances could make the development better. The ‘tangled development’ could be a possible to provide the harmony life for both locals and new urban people.

Fig 4-27/32 The Activities About Agriculture

Pressure well

Interesting sculpture

earthworm from the agriculture land

Team work

Education Practice

All fresh production and non-polluted

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SITE ANALYSIS

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SITE ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS

Existing Landownership

LL XZ

TY

LL-LILOU XZ-XINZHUANG TY-TAOYUANGU LT-LIUTAI

LT

Fig4-24:Diagram of landownership

The diagram shows that existing landownership on the site. There are four small villages on the site, which all having different leader groups are manage the land use.

However, the government is negotiating with the village leader about buying the landownership. It often happens in China.

The government will pay the single lump-sum payment for the new property. But the agricultural land will disappeared forever. The farmers will lose landownership forever. The right for land use will be changing. The government will construct different buildings on the site to get interests. Even though the residentials, the farmers cannot afford the price of that.

At mean time, farmers will lose their lives hood. They need to find a new job in the city area. It will make the urban area more crowds.

In terms of ecology, the balance of the ecological system of site will getting worse because of such big part of natural system lost. The good soil will destroyed forever, it is never productive anymore. In addition, the food supply will become a big issue for the locals and others. The site is under the anti-sustainable development mode.

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SITE ANALYSIS

Old House/New Building

The dimension of old house area on the site is around 350,000 square meters. The existing farmer residential is approximately 20,000.

The north of the site is constructing.

Land Old Track

The old track of agricultural land and existing pathway is quite useful for me. I would like consider the way of design based on using old track. Those are the favourite routes pattern of locals. However, it is inconvenience and unclear of road definition in somehow.

Agricultural Land

The green area is existing agricultural land on the site. Since 2009 the cultivation activity was stopped, only the empty land on left.

Government is busy for negotiation between farmers and village leaders.

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SITE ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS Existing Main Road

The existing main road was not good designed. Also, it is only cover the small area of the site. The road system could activate the major agricultural area if it could extend.

Potential Development Area

The potential development area could be the central area because of the direction of the force of urbanisation is city. In addition, the highway and river is surrounding. Of course, the agricultural land is a part of the force as well. So the main development area should inside of the red boundary.

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Design Project Version 001

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 In project A, I was design a strategy for the site - self-sufficient. I purposed that the production of agricultural land on the site could enough for the people who live in there. The agricultural land is keeping effectively product. The farmers are still keeping their livelihood. At the same time, the agricultural is tangled with infrastructure and open space as well.

Five layers and tangled exploration

Fig 5-1: Methodology of Version 001

I am starting to put the ideas into tangled development. The diagram shows that my intension of the design project (Fig 5-1).

The new development mode is keeping the world balance in somehow. I try to study ‘the tangle’ form and the way of thinking to explore the new development. Identifying the qualities that describe ‘tangle’ as a specific operation that is employed through specific criteria, which engage with specific qualities of site. In the research process, I try to locate my position through negative precedents. Because It is easier to say what I do not like. This approach is quite useful as well because it helps to narrow down the boundary and refine the position.

I believe that the tangle idea is working in some way. I will demonstrate my idea of ‘tangled landscape’ Test and describe the benefits, of these outcomes against other appropriate contextual modes of development.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001

Fig 5-2: Elements in urban and rural area

The version001 design project is designed throguh different layer. It is clearly to know relationship between different city fabrics. Also it is a good practice for version002. Basically, this is the begining information in my mind.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 The strategy for 001 master plan is self-sufficient.

Master Plan

The tangled development as a guide principle designs the plan. The opportunity for agricultural land could provide in tangled development. The design principle is crossing different programs as much as LEGEND

possible. The master plan

1:20,000

AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY

is rearranging the land use and reconfigures the different city fabrics. It is also

IRRIGATION ROAD (TANGLE 03) MAIN ROAD INFRUSTRUCTURE

PUBLIC SPACE TANGLE 04

keeping the old house and new buildings for reach

TANGLE 02 TANGLE 05

TANGLE 01

the aim of same density of

IRRIGATION TOWER

urbanisation.

Tangled

development

could maintain all different possibilities. I consider different requirements from urban and rural area based on the previous research.

Five tangled design process are shown below.

Fig 5-8: Urbanisation on the site over time

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Strategy self-suffiency In the future, the population of the site will be 48400 at 2050. However, the agriculture land only 500 units of area. What if the site achieve the goal, it need 1000 units of area more agriculture land to support. This 1000 units of area is the opportunity for tangled development.

Residential Industry Infrastructure Open space

The proportion of the site is 40% urbanization and 60% agriculture land now. I suggest if city fully urbanization by following contemporary Urban

Agriculture

development mode. The poportion will be as followed.

Fig 5-5: Proportion of existing development practice

Fig 5-6: Analysis site population and land use movement

Population Farmers = a% workers = b% c% is the key factor new invest = c%

Land use Agriculture = d% new invest = c%

Tangle opportunities of Site 1500 units of area - 10% (500 units of area) = 1000 units of area

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Residential Development Area

Agriculture Land Area

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Residential Intractructure Public space Industry Public space

Agriculture Agriculture Agricultrue Infrastructure Agriculture

Agricultrue Infrastructure In version001 design project, some good ideas about tangled development are irrigation road which is infrastructure tangled with agriculture. The function of irrgation tower is the core water storage area. The irrgation tower could transfer the water to the main irrgation road, agricultural field, public space or other village.

Firstly, the water is the Fundamental for the agriculture. The water itself is a force which belong to agriculture. It could support agriculture to survive. Therefore, tangled development provide an opportunity for both urban and rural area.

Because of this deisgn theory, I found in terms of landscape design, it could Fig 5-3: Irrigation Road Plan

provide a amazing environment for people. On streetscape, people could ride bike away from the chaos cars. The irrigation tunnel is in the middle of car and bike road. At the same time, different combination of irrgation tunnle, bike path, car road and pestrain could be more interesting and functional.

Bicycle

Automobile

Pedestrian

Irrigation tunnle

Agricultural could be part of infrastrcture

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Public space

Agricultrue Infrastructure

For the detail design intention, I would like to grap the opportunity of urban and agricultural. It could provide a new streetscape to make people’s life more better. At the same time, agriculture could be a part of landscape design. Even though the route will taken 20mins, people could feel vivid experience of the street.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Public space

Agricultrue Infrastructure

Fig: 5-5: Different location of irrigation tunnel in agricultural field

Fig: 5-4: Different combination of irrigation road on street scale

Irrigation tunnel is the foundation of field cultivate.

The idea of irrigation road was designed by tangled development. The water will pass through the site to provide the opportunity for agriculture. At the same time, water is a good element to use in landscape design. As a designer, I quite enjoy manipulating the water.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Industry

Agriculture

Because of the idea of tangled development is not limited the possibilities. In version001, I tangled market and industries.

I design a market strategy in industry zone. In the industry zone, most of them are third industry. Workers could sell their products to local with low prices in order to balanc their sales . At the same time, farmers could sell their agricultural products to other people.

Market Plan

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Industry

Agriculture Agriculture Products Industry Productsv

Fig 5-8: Intention of agricultural market area

Review this idea I found the market could tangled with open space as well. It could be a part of culture. Chinese have a habit that is to go to the market very early, it is called GanJi. It have long history in China. However, because of the way of organisation are oler. There have no chance to go the market like this in the urban area. I preper to design a event open space for the market on weekend. The farmers could sell their products on weekend when the peak population on the open space. At the weekday, the open space just like a rest area or quite area for people. Such a tangled design is what I like. Those ideas will be tested on version002.

Fig 5-7: Market and industry section

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Residential

Agriculture

The master plan in version001, it is following the self-suffi-

exerted the power. Tangled development is focus conflicts

cient strategy. In project A, I was a little confused about my

within different forces, which is not a one single force. I

design. My position of Tangled Development is not focus

need to consider for government as well. The main reason

on form. However, because of the form of tangle is special

for supporting from the government is the profits within

and spatial, I hope I could design for that as well. Actually,

the development. I totally understand this aspects. In ver-

it is not quite what I mean to do with project. In project B, I

sion002, the strategy for the government is quite impor-

realize that I need to make sure my position. Tangled Devel-

tant.

opment is not a form exploration but the way of thinking.

When the developer or designer plans the city, they should

In version001, I did some designs which may works now.

consider like tangle. Tangled development means that the

For example, some of the products from the agriculture

conflicts are not to be avoided or ignored. As a designer, we

could dry on the roof of the farmer house. It could improve

need to deal with conflicts without limits.

the economical profits and another industry chain. It also continues a roof culture of rural area.

The version 001 could reach the aim of self-sufficient. Does

The diagram(Fig5-9) shows that the colour in different sea-

government accept the development mode? To be honest,

son on the site. Different seasons will product different veg-

I do not think it could successful. As a small scale, it is a little

etables or fruits. It could create different colour of house

tangled development which is not too much. It has not yet

roof.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Residential

Agriculture Characteristic: urban people private space high-risk building farmers share zone flat house

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Residential

Agriculture

Idea for high-risk building is operate agriculture on balcony area. Urban people have chance to close to the agriculture as entertainment.

Strategy: people who live in the apartment with agriculture on balcony area will have larger space for living.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Residential

Agriculture

There have high-risk building in green area of site. The idea is making tangle between building and agriculture. The inspiration of this idea is from the model test.

The agriculture should existing but in other form. I start to think about how to achieve that. In the building area, it is hard to make the tangle. Sometimes I was think about the tangle as building. But I want to keep the existing condition. Therefore, I have the idea to put agriculture inside the building. The restrict condition is sun light. The balcony area is quite good for agriculture. Indeed, urban people already use balcony as the way for planting.

It is tangled with building, if you try to imagine that agriculture in the different level above the ground, you will see agriculture exist in different way.

At the same time, as a landscape architecture, the design could provide the different experience for urban people. Especially, in china, people really desire to eat non-polluted food. If people live in this apartment, people will communicate with neighborhoods more often, when the vegetables are harvest.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001

.. ....

........ ....

... .... . . . . ..

.... ....

Agriculture

........ ..

........

...

.............. ....................... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ..

Residential

.... ...... . . . . . .. ...... ......................

. ......

........

Direction of houses

Agriculture land distribution

Plan for tangle 1 How to contribute the products from the local agriculture?

I made my own rule to decide how geometry change. Direction of house are the boundary of agriculture land distribution.

Six directions have six field. People could get the products from their field. And different field will cultivate different kinds of vegetables. Because the living habit for farmers are near the field. It will be easy to look after the field.

Four seasons will produce different vegetables so that different colors of geometry could create amazing view.

In terms of economy, farmers could create a new marketing chain. When the products harvest, some vegetables could sale or convey to other village or city. Some other vegetables which is suit for dry, farmers could dry them and make the produce mode as a market. In china, people do like to eat pickles and it is popular.

The benefits are bring to the farmers. They are back to the farm land and make more money.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Residential

Agriculture

This is the example for the geometry on the roof top in winter. Farmers will get the fresh vegetables from their field and dry them .

In the winter, north of China could produce some fruits and vegetables.Some of them may need vinylhouse. Because the weather in winter is more windy.

persimmon

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cayenne pepper

cabbage

DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Residential

spinach

Agriculture

cucumber MLA ADR 2011

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Residential

Agriculture

Fig 5-9: Change of colour geometry in different seasons spring

summer

autum

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Open Space

Agriculture

Public space is a good opportunity to explore tangled idea between urbanization and agriculture When I did analysis of the site, I found there is only one public space in there. It feels like disappointed, but this area gonna be quite precious. At present, urban people and farmers almost have no chance communicate with each other. I decide this public space need to be a space which provide the opportunities for sharing. The sharing is from the characteristic of farmer life. I really support to bring this aim into the design .

According to the existing site condition, the area around the public space are residential and infrastructure.

Based on specific condition, I start think about how to create tangle. The aim is attract urban people and farmers come together to experience sharing. The irrigation road is across this area, so I decide to design a simplest tangle -- one string but varies height. At the same time, make the irrigation road as a cultivated land as well to provide opportunity for sharing agriculture experience.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Open Space

Agriculture

5

7

35 40

1 28 13 26

19 20

Because the simplest tangle is one string which only have one start point and one end point. Therefore, I connect lines into one curve which is 2D tangle. How to make it 3D? I start to bring mathematics into design--sine curve. Because the public space will not stop the irrigation road, the start point and the end point are as the same as the irrigation road. What I am doing is set up the start and end point is zero level. The height of public irrigation road will like sine curve.

I set up the peak point is 2 meters hight and the height will be changed followed curve. The peak point is 2 meters because I want to make the string could make people sharing the agriculture experience, so it cannot be too high. The right diagram shows that how level change in elevation. I marked 40 segments identify different point in different level. The next diagram is plan for the public space.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Open Space

20

2.0m

25 10

30

7

14

1.5m 1.0m

35 40 5

Agriculture

1

0.5m 0.0m

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 001 Open Space

Agriculture

Those are local vegetables that easy to cultivate. People not only share the experience but also sharing the product from the local area.

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Design Project Version 002

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Water Area

Infrrastructure

Constructing Area

Developing Area

Buildings

Productive Agriculture Land

DESIGN PROJECT

Version 002

In version 002, I design the site in different scale: city scale, town scale and individual scale. I am exploring the theory of tangled development into design further than version001.

site is quite valuable. It is only five kilometres from the city centre. There is a continuing subway in the corner of the site. One of the main highways is on west side of the town as well. It is really need to be design well.

In large scale, the left mapping shows that the existing city fabrics. The urbanisation is expanding along the HaiHe river. The agricultural land is getting less. However, it could be a force to support agriculture as well. As the old saying in china goes, when a thing is scarce it is precious. Tangled development could design the site in difference way, therefore the value of it will be rising. Besides, the location of the

In the large scale, tangled development could reactivate the value of agricultural land. According to the tangle theory, the force of agriculture has conflict with urbanisation, the agriculture need to be keeping in city centre area as well. It will subvert the contemporary development practicing. However, I start to test the ShuangGangTown first.

Fig 6-1: Deisgn the site in large scale

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 002

Potential development quality of site in large scale

These four mappings are shows that the poTraffic Status

tential of the site. In terms of Traffic status, ShuangGang Town is only five kilometres from the city centre area. The contemporary transportation is public buses. I believe the subway will be constructed soon. At that time, the public transportation will be more convinence.

Agriculture Land

TianJin is is a metropolis in northern China.

It is obviously on the mapping that the agriculture fields are facing urbanisation. With the developing, it will be disappear. The site is under the contemporary development practicing. It is emergency for developer to making decision. Tangled development provide opportunities for agriculture by cross programming.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 002

Potential development quality of site in large scale

In urban density mapping, it could be seen Urban Density

that the density is almost reach peak point in city centre are. It is expanding to rural area. The white area has constructed. The site is on the boundary of contemporary development. The site is quite worth to be

Density +

reserved. The tangled development could provide the opportunity for agriculture.

Therefore, the value of the site will be in-

_

creased for the city.

At the same time, TianJin is a busy city and

Open Space

there is not enough open space for people.

Tangled development could mix-use land in order to change the value of the land. The function of land is changing over time. The open space will tangled with agriculture and infrastructure. It is creating an interesting space on the site.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 002

Master Plan

LEGEND

1:10,000 AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION ROAD MAIN ROAD OPEN SPACE

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 002

The second scale is town scale. The strategy of project is divided land reasonable and beneficial for both government and locals. The land value could see from the force analysis.

The high-risk building will built on the site as a residential. It will tangle with agriculture, open space, infrastructure and commercial. All farmers could get their land for agriculutral cultivation. The mapping below shows that the existing land ownership plan. Tangled development will break them up into differen scale.

New Land ownership Plan 1:2000

Fig 6-3: Ten colour zones of land ownership MLA ADR 2011

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 002 From version 001 road system, there are several disadvantages. Firstly, the road system is not improving the social interaction between farmers and urban people. Secondly, The road is not convinence for urban people visit the farmers. Although there have fields in high density area. Thirdly, it is missing focus on river side which is quite valued land.

I n ve r s i o n 0 0 2 , t h e r o a d s y s t e m p r ov i d e s n e w intention (Fig 6-3). Firstly, the road system is circle which is convenience for people interact with each other. Secondly, the road is constructed on historical track which was people used to follow. Thirdly, the agricultural are tangled with living area. It is easy to cultivate. Finally, the riverside area is designed a mixing program area. It could provide a different experience along the river included: different agricultural types, open space and commercial. People who come from neighbourhood village could walk along the riverside street enjoy different style.

There are main road and second

Road Plan + Residential Plan 1:2000

road on the site. The main road is average ten meters width. The second road system exists in different types: pathway, open green space and residential inner pathway.

The second road system is higher density than main road. It is more flexible as well. People could walk to neighbourhood by using inner pathway. It is kinds of open space.

Fig 6-3: Ten colour zones of land ownership

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VERSION001 ROAD SYSTEM

DESIGN PROJECT

Version 002

Irrigation System Plan 1:2000

Fig 6-4: Irrgation system plan

Street scale

The irrigation system plan is support agricultural land productively. It is also a part of infrastructure. At the street scale, the irrigation tunnel cooperates with others. The idea is coming from version001, it is works well.

And it can provide a surprised streetscape. It is also could help to clean the dust in the air. The location of the site is beside the river. The water could provide by river.

There already have three irrigation and drainage pump-

are constructed with main road. Also thirty percents are built with second road on the site. The Fig 6-5 is section of irrgation road.

Fig 6-5: Section of irrgation road in different scenario

ing station. The irrigation tunnel have ninety percents

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Design Project Version 003

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003

MASTER PLAN

Scale 1:20,000 The strategy for version003 master plan is replacing old flat house by high-risk building. It will save 750ACRE agricultural land.

This means 45million RMB in China. The government could get the money, at the same time, farmers could get new house and farm land back.

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Version 003 Basic Landuse Plan The land use plan aim to get enough agricultural land to self-sufficient.

At the same time, tangled development is encouraging multiple land use.

Multiple Landuse Zone The multiple landuse plan shows different land maintain moren functions. The aim of that is maintain the agriculture without liminating the urban life

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003 Farm Machine workingRoute The agricultural field is bigger than 20,000 m2 need to harvest by machine. So that the convenience route design is necessary.

Irrgation System Plan The irrgation system will passing through the whole site. The HaiHe river supply the irrgation on the site. The irrgation tunnle as a part of infrastructure passing the agricultural field.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003 Agriculture Industry The new agriculture by-product indeustry is designed on the site because new plan will have 750acre more land to cultivate. The interests from that will sale to other area.

Irrga on System Plan The new plan encourages people ride the bicycle on the site so that to save energy. The bicycle transition station is designed on different site as well.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003 New Landownership The agricultural field is bigger than 20,000 m2 need to harvest by machine. So that the convenience route design is necessary.

Varies of agriculture types Tangled development provides opportunity for agriculture so that different agriculture types need to be designed on the site. It is part of cross programming.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003

Description: The infrastructure is tangled with Irrigation Road so that different combination of road scenarios. The sections are the road scale I was used in the planning. It could create a different experience in street scale. Also, the irrigation tunnel could supply water for the agriculture field. It maintains landscape design quality as well.

StreetScape

scale 1:800

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003 Vegetable Field Side Walk 1:500

Main Road Section 1:500

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003 Second Road / Residential Main Road 1:500

Agricultural Rest Area 1:500

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003 Farm Machine Road 1:500

Fishing Area Road 1:500

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DESIGN PROJECT Concept

Version 003

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003 Relationship between wall and industry

Section of unclosed wall

1:10,000

1:10,000 1:10,000

Plan 01

Industry / Agriculture

scale 1:800

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1:10,000

DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003

The conflict between industry area and agriculture is strong. The production from the industry is the killer for the crops. So how to make them tangled together? I was exploring the wall structure to understanding how to do that? The strategy is create a market share zone between residential and industry. Therefore, people could get the low price from the industry. I design an unclosed wall between the agriculture and industry. People could see both of them, but the industry will not destroy the agriculture.

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003

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DESIGN PROJECT

Version 003

The tangled making between industry and agriculture is difficulty. In version 001, I design a market between industry and residential. It could promote social interaction, although the tangled is not really started. In version 003, I design a wall between them. The wall is not a boundary between industry and agriculture because it is unclosed.

What I want to do is start to tangled industry and agriculture. The conflict between them is strong; therefore they are not easy to close to each other.

People from two sides can see each other through the wall. Also, the simple agriculture plants are cultivated inside the boundary of the industry.

The contemporary development mode is designed a closed wall as a boundary. The new design could provide a good environment for entertainment or rest beside the wall.

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Version 003 Plan 02

Commercial / Agriculture

scale 1:800

Topography of Commercial area

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Version 003 Description: The commercial area is tangled multiple functions. For example, the restaurant on the site could get the food supply on their surroundings. Also, the topography of restaurant could provide a best view point as much as possible like the river view and agricultural life view. The seat design on the surface of the topography is provide a area for observe the livestock life. It could be a fun experience. The agriculture types are combined as well. It is also a space for education.

On the river side, it is directly connect to the tunnel of the riverside.

Plan 02

Commercial / Agriculture

scale 1:800

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Version 003

The different agriculture field types could provide people different experiences. Also, the agricultural land is an open space as well. People could go to the river side through the small parks. It also provides the bicycle transition.

In addition, the agricultural land is near the commercial, people could also get their fresh vegetables by themselves.

For example, the fresh vegetable event could hold once a month.

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Version 003

The landownership of the agriculture field belongs to the commercial. As the diagram(Fig7-1) shows that different restaurants could get their food material from different area.

Fig7-1: Agriculture Landownership for commercial area

It is a good strategy because Chinese is much more care about the food safety issue. People could see where the food material comes from. Even though, people could take away some fresh food.

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Version 003

Fig7-2: Perspective of commercial area

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Version 003

Fig7-3: Characteristic of commercial area

The site has a special characteristic of rural area. The urban people like to experience the real rural culture. Also, it could be a good space to have special meeting.

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Version 003 Section 1:500

The section of commercial area shows that the different agriculture types work together. Also, the section shows that the building for agricultural use.

Section 1:500

The section shows that the topography of restaurants. The topography could provide different view for restaurants. People who seat in the restaurant could see the agricultural field and river view.

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Version 003 Plan 03

Open Space / Agriculture

scale 1:800

Description: The open space is more tangled with agriculture and event space. The corridor is design for people rest, but it is combine the idea of roof dry. People could dry the products on the top of the corridor roof.

Also, according to the existing site, people like fishing beside the river. I design a landscape vegetation enclosed space for them. Sometimes, the fishing is not suit for disturbed. The green fence is design for them.

For the event, the sunshade umbrella could provide different scenario. When the Sunday market will happening in there, the umbrella will be opened. In the daily life, it could be a single outdoor light.

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Version 003

The open space is designed based on existing site. Furthermore, it also provides opportunity for agriculture. People could have a fun in agricultural field. The fishing area is enhanced by vegetation design. Also, the corridor could provide a rooftop to dry the agriculture products. The agricultural area is productive. Also, the events could hold on the site. I design a shadow light to support that. For example, people could have Sunday market in this area.

Land Use Analysis

Traffic Analysis

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Version 003

Green Fence Sec on

The green fence is designed for fishing. The existing condition is not facility to support fishing. I design a green fence as a unclosed space to provide a space for people. People could fish in small area. At the same time, the audience could stay behind the green fence. It not is disturbing the fishing.

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Version 003

Corridor Sec on

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Version 003

Fig7-4: Multiple function of Corridor

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Version 003

Umbrella Sec on

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Version 003

Fig7-5: Shadow ligh for different events

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Version 003

Section 1:100

The open space sections show the topography of the site. Some space is created for multiple uses. For example the bicycle transition station. People could enjoy the river view.

Section 1:200

On the other side of section is the agricultural garden. The field is divided into 100m2 for the locals.

People could have their own land to cultivate the vegetables for self-sufficient.

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Version 003

Fig7-6: The weekend event.

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Design Review

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REFLECTION

Review+Redesign

Version 003 Residential Area Fig 8-1: Residential distribution analysis

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relationship between agricultural and residential

boundary betweent new building and old house

Version 001 Residential Area

REFLECTION

Review+Redesign Master Plan version003

a a

b

c

800m

400m

e

d f

b

250m 300m

c

650m

C area has highest density

400m

in residential area. I choose this to explore more ap-

d

propriate planning.

560m

320m

e

460m 300m

f 180m 550m Fig 8-2:: Dimension of residential area in version003

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REFLECTION

Review+Redesign Master Plan version 003 High-risk Building Density

+ height of building to 12 floors

+ height of building to 12 floors

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20-30% density of building

=

=

=

Fig 8-3: Zoom in C area to test density for living

+

REFLECTION

Review+Redesign

In area C, I test different density on the site to find out a better solution. Firstly, some of high-risk buildings are decreased to 12 floors. It will give a better view for the back side.

It is still a little high density. Secondly, I delete 20%-30% of high-risk building in c area.

It may create a better density for living.

There are two types of building as well: normal and stilt floor.

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REFLECTION

Review+Redesign

The stilt floor building could save some space and multiple functions. It could combine the restaurant, entertainment area, or the agriculture. It also could provide a different residential environment. It could provide a beautiful memory of childhood. Some small cultivation area in residential could invite people to join the team work or harvest. Also, agriculture could provide different activities.

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REFLECTION

Review+Redesign

20-30% of high risk buildings in C area

change

to

300 family flat house for property

Fig 8-4: Types of flat houses in agricultural field

In C area, the density is decreased by 20%-30%; the flat houses will be the alternate. In version 003, I design the high-risk building on the site to create opportunity for agriculture. However, it is not success because the density of building will not comfortable.

The flat house as a traditional living form is worth to reserve. As the concept idea of tangled development, it maintains the majority without laminating the minority.

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REFLECTION

Review+Redesign Master Plan version003

Multiple Land Uses Fig 8-5: Fabric- Productive Agricultural Land >20,000m2

Flat House for farmer Fig 8-6: Small field 2,500m2 for self-sufficient

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Version 004

MASTER PLAN

scale 1:20,000

High-risk building residential area

grass area

>20,000 m2 Farm machine

2500m2 small agriculture field

Traditional flat house

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Version 004

Fig 8-5: Irrigation system

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Version 004

Fig 8-6: Main development area

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PROJECTION

Cross Programming TANGLED DEVELOPMENT : A REQUIRED PROGRAM WITH MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES

Organic Greenhouse

Sunlight and air condition good good soil water source condition wall: bottom 5-6meters, height 4 meters angle of sunlight: >30 length: 100 meters

Irrigation System

minimum= 70cm *70cm

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Vegetable Farming

water and sunlight condition good the condition of soil is good the topography need to be plane.

Farm machine

Dimension: 200m*200m

Livestock Farm

Green grass sufficient.

Bull ring need to be circle.

Companion planting

Combination of fishing and vegetables

Fishing Farm

Area about 5-10 acres.

Depth of water about 2-3 meters.

The water source is important.

High-risk building

24floors building 5 families 4-5 people Dimention<120m2

PROJECTION

Potential design AND A LARGE POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

CITY FABRICS

Design Possibilities

Open space

Infrastructure

Old/New building

Industry

Open space

Infrastructure

Agriculture

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CONCLUSION

Cross Programming Conclusion

In the project A and B, I was study tangle as a topic. The first challenge is what I could get from tangle. I believe that I am successful because I really seen different design quality from tangle. At the same time, I decide my research topic react the contemporary development mode in china. I have been designed four master plans; there is no perfect one yet. I am still exploring better solution of the plan. This should be the second challenge.

In the research process, I feel that I am lack of testing, which is lost other opportunities for design. At the same time, I feel my design process is getting clearly. Fortunately, I am familiar with the thought as a designer.

The most important thing I have learn is ‘how ‘why ‘and ‘what’. The designer process is making decision. Now I feel that. When I was design, some decisions are really hard to decide. For example, the high-risk building could save space and create money interests. In china, the government need to see the interest or the potential development wealth.

In my point of view, tangled development should going deeper because more and more people noticed that the development cannot be monopoly. It will destroy our life. I will continue the topic to study.

Tangle is not only give me the idea on planning but also in terms of spatial design or transportation design. I am so happy for that I could grab the opportunity for exploring my interest.

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FINAL PRESENTATION

Review+Redesign Photos Review

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BIBLIO GRAPHY

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Johan G, Anja G,& Wiebe O, 1995, Public space : design, layout, and management of public open space in Rotterdam / Buitenruimte. English., Rotterdam.

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Jolly, U. S.,2010, Challenges for a mega city : Delhi, a planned city with unplanned growth, New Delhi : Concept

Pub.Levy, John M, c2011,Contemporary urban planning, Longman,Boston.

McLeod, Virginia, 2008, Detail in contemporary landscape architecture, Laurence King, London .

Molinari, L, Geuze, A. & West 8 Landscape Architects, 2000, West 8, Luca Molinari , New York : Distributed in

Nathan Cherry, Kurt N.,2009, Grid/street/place : essential elements of sustainable urban districts, Chicago, American Planning Association Planners Press

North America and Latin America by Abbeville Pub. Group, Milan.

Rem K, Chuihua J C, Jeffrey I, & Sze T L, 2002, The Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping. Harvard Design School Project on the City 2, Taschen, New York, 2002 Rem Koolhaas, Hans Werlemann and Bruce Mau, 1994, S,M,L,XL, New York, The Monacelli Press.

Rucker, Rudy v. B. (Rudy von Bitter), 1977, Geometry, relativity, and the fourth dimension, Dover Publications, New York.

Schwanke, Dean.,2003,Mixed-use development handbook,Washington, D.C..

Tschumi, Bernard,,1944,Event-cities:Event-cities : praxis,Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.) Tschumi, Bernard,,1994,Event-cities 4 : concept-form,c2010.Uytenhaak.,2008, Steden vol ruimte. Kwaliteiten van dichtheid. Rudy Uytenhaak., Rotterdam, Uitgeverij.

Virginia McLeod.2010,Detail in contemporary glass architecture,London, Laurence King Publishing.

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WEBSITE REFERENCE

Google map, tianjin, viewd 10th June, <http://maps.google.com/maps?q=tianjin%2C%20china&oe=utf-8&rls=org. mozilla:zh-CN:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&hl=zh-CN&biw=1280&bih=612&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=il> Jianshuo,DSC_0076,Flickr, viewed 15th May,2011.<http://www.com/photos/jianshuo/4974403908/> katarina, (2011), bamboo [ONLINE]. Available at: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ZtoR3rBFwpU/S_Y2qsE3zEI/AAAAAAAAAcI/FVgxqM88KaU/s1600/hana+mom+bamboo.jpg [Accessed 12 September 11].

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