B_kronenberg_ADR_CONCISE

CASE STUDY SHIBITACHI FAULT LINE LIVING

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B/ 2012

KESENNUMA

SHIBITACHI IMAGE REFERENCE_ OTA LAB> UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO 3

DESIGN OUTCOME P09

00_THE RESEARCH

P20

25_LABORATORY // THE PROBLEM

P57

02_1.2000 MASTER PLANS

P77

03_1.200 LANDINGS

P89

04_MASTER SECTIONS

P125

05_NEW COMPOSITION

P133

06_EXTENDED SCENARIO

P167

07_SCRIPTING THE STRATEGY

P187

08_REFERENCE//BIBLIOGRAPHY

CASE STUDY SHIBITACHI FAULT LINE LIVING

CONTENTS

APPROACH//METHOD

Koolhaas, R, & Obrist, H.U. (2011). Project Japan: Metabolism Talks. OMA/AMO/Taschen, Spain

01_ PRECEDENT //FOLLIES

P43

02_DESIGN SCENARIOS

P73

03_REACTING WITH//AGAINST

P111

04_ON SITE ENGAGEMENT

P161

05_LAND OWNERSHIP PARADIGM

P179

06_PROJECT ‘B’ PROJECTION

PROJECT B / 2012

LAYOUT REFERENCE_ The current document attempts to display adaptive and flexible systems and cycles through the application of a landscape architecture approach for the creation of resilient townships in volatile environmental conditions. The layout of this document references the Koolhaas and Orbrist’s (2011) ‘Project Japan: Metabolism talks’ for its method of conveying a duel and flexible narrative.

Within this document, the explicit narratives are ‘approach and method’ and ‘design outcome’, conveyed through work within the project positioning diagram.

P15

KESENNUMA_TOHOKU 7

THE RESEARCH_ (00) fault line living cycle

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B / 2012

research question_ How can the discipline of landscape architecture contribute to the resilience of townships that exist within volatile environmental conditions?

abstract KEY WORDS_ Environmental trauma, resilience, landscape cycle, crumple zone

The experience of environmental trauma is most often coupled with unexpected loss. Various obstruction proposals for the reduction of physical loss in townships that encounter the volatile environmental conditions of earthquake and Tsunami, remain uncertain in their reduction of such trauma. The continued reliance on these strategies, such as wave walls, may also remain unresponsive to the conditions and social micro- systems affiliated within these landscapes. They require little understanding and deliberation of physical and social landscapes and further, offer no alleviation towards the unexpected nature and unawareness of event. In response to this, the research engages with an acceptance of water inundation and non solidity of territory around the water edge, or ‘crumple zone’ of Tsunami- effected townships. Such an approach aids an exploration into new interpretations of ocean edge relationships, urban conditions and land ownership for such regions.

This project engages the North-eastern coastal Japanese fishing township of Shibitachi as the laboratory for this approach. Through the identification of existing problems and utilising landscape architecture notions of time, cycle and surface, this research attempts to seek opportunities for the development of alternate systems of living that utilise the native cyclic event of tsunami. The research method employs a series of design scenarios using various lenses, initially reacting against the current strategic methods of obstruction, to help form an urban model of shifting territories for housing, food resource, public amenity and local fishing industry. Combined with on-site engagement and a heightening of existing informal systems, a new composition of Shibitachi has been formed, which contracts, relaxes and separates within this event cycle. The project expresses a re- stabilisation of local industry, the introduction of generational roles and a fluid reorganisation of the landscape as decisive strategies for occupants during reconstruction.

FEEDING FROM

STAGE 01 (FEBRUARY – JUNE): -SPECULATIONS -APPLICATION OF SCENARIOS -STRATEGY APPLICATION

STAGE 02 (JUNE – JULY): ON SITE TESTING

STAGE 03 (JULY – NOVEMBER): -APPLICATION OF SCENARIOS Refinement of (2) speculation(s) and Methodology

__project time line

The current research embodies a move towards a continuously exchanging urban model, guided by a continual loss and return of territory within townships exposed to the cycle of earthquake and tsunami. The ability of a region to move and adapt within volatile environments may not only aid the formation of self sufficiency, but further contribute to personal coping mechanisms associated with environmental trauma.

THE RESEARCH_ ABSTRACT + RESEARCH QUESTION

__TOHOKU images

source_ afterlandscapes.wordpress.com

11

RESEARCH

THINNING_ REM KOOLHAAS GESTALT PRINCIPALS

Landscape architecture (LA) notions within townships facing volatile environmental conditions (VEC)

SMALL SPACES OF EVACUATION_DAVID SLATER

L.A as development for methods and systems of resilience to VEC

SHIBITACHI

THEORETICAL POSITION_

LABORATORY/PROJECT

ACCEPTANCE OF CONDITIONS

STRATEGY PRINCIPALS_

REMOVES UNEXPECTEDNESS RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTS

MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIP WITH EDGE SCENARIO 01

SCENARIO 02

SCENARIO 03

SCENARIO 04

RECOMPOSED

WALL CITY

LANDSCAPE MEGA STRUCTURE

EVACUATE

BEHAVIOURAL

GROUP TRANSFER

A way of dealing with

BEHAVIOURAL SYSTEM

CENTRALISES INFRASTRUCTURE

TERRAIN ALL ENCOMPASSING

DESIGN STRATEGY

REACTING FROM CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

APPROACH

EMERGENT PROPERTIES

ADDITIVE

REDUCTIVE

REACTING FROM CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

REACTING FROM CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

TOHOKU PSP TIDAL WALL

CUT AND FILL STRATEGY

RE ORGANISATION

ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS

REACTING FROM CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

identification

z

PROPOSED CYCLE OF LIVING

2 hour (2km)

1 hour (1km)

.33 hour (500m)

a way seeing POSITIVE

POSITIVE

POSITIVE

POSITIVE

MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIP WITH EDGE

CENTRALISES INFRASTRUCTURE

MAINTAINS RELATIONSHIP WITH EDGE

MAINTAINS RELATIONSHIP WITH EDGE

CENTRALISES PEOPLE

ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS

ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS

PREVENTATIVE FOR WAVE HEIGHTS THUS FAR

PREVENTATIVE FOR WAVE HEIGHTS THUS FAR

ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS

DEGREE OF POSITIVE PSYCH LOGICAL EFFECT

CENTRALISED HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

CENTRALISED HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

FORMS NEW RELATIONSHIP WITH OCEAN EDGE PRIVILEGES FISHING INDUSTRY

PROPOSES CYCLE OF LIVING

NEGATIVE

NEGATIVE

NEGATIVE

NEGATIVE

ONLY WORKS FOR ONE CYCLE

REMOVED RELATIONSHIP WITH OCEAN EDGE

REDUCES LOCAL CHARACTER

MAY NOT WORK WITH NO WARNING

PROGRAM HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE TYPOLOGY CLUSTER HOUSING

REDUCTION OF LOCALISED FISHING INDUSTRIES

REMOVES RELATIONSHIP WITH SHRINE LEVEL

NEGATIVE VISUAL IMPACT

NO PREVENTION OF DANGER FOR LARGER TSUNAMI WAVE HEIGHTS

PROGRAM TYPOLOGY FISHING INDUSTRY MEGA STRUCTURE HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

PROGRAM TYPOLOGY EDGE FISHING INDUSTRY OCEAN ACTIVITY

METHOD/TESTING

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AS A IDENTIFYING TOOL

SHIBITACHI STRATEGY

procedure //technique

DOESN'T ALLOW COMPLETE PROTECTION REMOVES A CENTRALISED FISHING INDUSTRY COSTLY TO CUT ROADS IN MOUNTAINS

PROGRAM

IDENTIFYING PROBLEM

TYPOLOGY

SITE VISIT+ PHASE 01

EVACUATION HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

1.1000 OUTPUT

ENQUIRY

PHASE 02

ENCLOSURE. SEPARATION. PRIVACY

OVERLAY 01

OVERLAY_ 02

OVERLY 03

GENERATION SECONDARY SECONDARY ‘Resilience’ is a term that has been CYCLE HOUSING SYSTEM INDUSTRIES branded as the development of cities and townships to survive post shock absorption. A vague term that perhaps encapsulates the current uncertainty with how to deal and develop urban strategies currently for township survival post shock or event. Architecture, predicated in its conventions of the future, seems ill prepared to respond to this climate of uncertainty (Lahoud, 2012), exemplified through its current thinking around obstruction infrastructures and ground holding engineering. It is of my belief that the Landscape architecture response can anticipatory and pre-emptive for building absorption within cities facing environmental trauma through the acknowledgement of the threat of such disasters.

The current research within stage 01 of FORM OF RESILIENT SYSTEMS this process has seen the development of a cycle of living within a fault line area, specific to a locality that lays STRATEGY_ foundations for continual settlement.

IDENTIFICATION OF CRUMPLE (TRANSITION) ZONE_ Within this are systems in place for identification of known industry for township survival_ specific generational undertaking, sites Identification of safe zone for re building_ Topography manipulation scenarios for potential enhancement_ of memory and self sufficient local industry and utility infrastructures that create the opportunity for stabilisation in terms of both urban, and communal.

Diagram 01 acts as the navigational tool for this research, and outlines the approach, method and designed landings on site. The following document attempts to explain the diagram through the design research and outcomes undertaken at each point.

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY BEHAVIOURAL

FUNCTION

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY TIME / CYCLE

.33 hour (500m)

TYPE 02 CONTINUOUS MEMORIALISM

RETENTION OF FISHING INDUSTRY AFTER EVENT

SOCIAL MEMORIAL

FOOD SUPPLY FOR EVACUATION

ALLOWS FOUNDATIONS OF RE BUILDING

RETAINS IMPORTANT DESIRE LINES

SECONDARY HEALTH/POWER FACILITIES

RETENTION OF LOCAL ECONOMY

COLLECTIVE COPING STRATEGY

ALLEVIATES BOTTLENECK ROADS

RETENTION OF LOCAL EMPLOYMENT

RETAIN YOUTH BELLOW 20

COGNITIVE PREPAREDNESS

TYPOLOGY

CLUSTER HOUSING

TYPOLOGY

BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE

PROGRAM

TENSION WITHIN SITE

1 hour (1km)

SAFE HOUSING ABOVE 41M

FISHING INDUSTRY

NEW MEANING COMPRESSION OF URBAN CONDITION ON SITE

2 hour (2km)

ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS

PROGRAM

1.200 LANDING

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY TOPOGRAPHY READING

FUNCTION

HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

AVOIDANCE BECOME COPING IN OPENINGS

EVACUATION ROUTES

FUNCTION

PROGRAM

THE RESEARCH _APPROACH + METHOD

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY NEW GROUND / SURFACE

OVERLAY 04

FUNCTION

TYPE 02 ADAPTIVE URBAN SYSTEM

TYPE 02 SECONDARY INFRASTRUCTURES

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY TIME / CYCLE

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY ADAPTATION

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY SURFACE MOULDING

INFORMAL SHRINE SITE

LAY FOUNDATIONS THROUGH SUGGESTED TYPOLOGY

UNDERGROUND POWER GRID

COLUMNS AS ANCHORS

FACILITATE HOUSING AGGREGATION

SAFE TIME BASED EVACUATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE

PROGRAM

MEMORIAL

ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE

TYPOLOGY

TYPOLOGY

TOWNSHIP CHARACTER

EVACUATION

SHIFT IN MEANING ANCHORS FOR MOVING BACK TO EDGE

NEW URBAN CONDITION

ENCOMPASSING OYSTER PRODUCTION WITHIN TOWNSHIP IMPORTANCE OF EDGE FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE

THERE IS NO SOLIDITY OF TERRITORY. SEEING TOWNSHIPS AS CYCLES SEEING LANDSCAPE AS CARAVEL.

IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER IMPLICATIONS FOR TOHOKU

HUMAN SCALE

MACRO SCALE

HUMAN SCALE

TEST 01

TEST 02

INCEPTION

CRUMPLE ZONE

MOBILE PORT

STARTING THE CYCLE

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY TIME / CYCLE

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY INFRASTRUCTURE

THRESHOLD OR TRANSITION ZONE

LANDSCAPE STRATEGY TIME / CYCLE

MACRO SCALE

TEST 02 TOPOGRAPHY MANIPULATION LANDSCAPE STRATEGY INFRASTRUCTURE

MOVABLE FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE

ACCEPTED AREA OF INUNDATION

FUNCTION THROUGH EVENT AND ACCEPTANCE OF DAMAGE

CYCLE OF AREA FOR RE BUILDING

OYSTER CYCLES

SOCIAL BATHING

CYCLIC LIVING NEW URBAN CONDITION

NEW MEANING

PROJECT B (THUS FAR)

CHOREOGRAPHED GROUP LOCATION SHIFT CENTRALISED SECONDARY HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

seeing systems and micro systems already in use_ playing and using such systmes as part of larger body with similar language

STAGE 01: COMPRESSION STAGE 02: RELAXATION STAGE 03: COMPRESSION

STAGE 01: COMPRESSION STAGE 02: RELAXATION STAGE 03: COMPRESSION

‘Urbanism is parasitic on crisis. Crisis is productive’ (Lahoud, 2011) RESILIENCE The ability of a system to recover after it has absorbed some shock.

A resilient city is one that has evolved in an unstable environment and developed adaptation to deal with uncertainty (Neustein, 2012) 13

(01)

PRECEDENTS / FOLIES _(01) compositions + utopias

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B/ 2012

PRECEDENTS // FOLLIES The research encapsulates my interests within the body of __superstudio work that deals with cities at ‘year zero’, or the beginning of new urban cycles/urban paradigm. It may form similarity with cities that experience urban change with result from the death of an industry, like that of the American motor industry in the city of Detroit, or steel industry in Pittsburgh. The body of work that sits under the term ‘Post Traumatic Urbanism’ 01 will assist with developing the methodology for resilient __metabolist movement strategies for large urban and smaller human scales.

The further interests stem from forms of (electronic) music notion and composition, specifically the organisation and re organisation of similar elements for loop based scenarios. Precedent interests in re creating notational devices for landscape architecture stem from the works of Lawrence Hairpin.

02

03

04

08

09

05

10

06

11

12

07

13

14

15

__composition + notation

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

__year ‘0’

25

26

27

28

29

__notion of fiction + cinema in landscape

30

31

32

33

The Metabolist (1960/70’s) movement within Japan provide excellent theoretical and built framework for an new urban thinking initiative. Part utopian, part superhero the movement displays a architectural and urban reaction reacts against the then forms of political and social development, and challenges the way in which a city is orientated, structured and feeds into its self. Specifically through the context of post war Japan in the 1950’s to 70’s,, the movement encapsulates a radical year ‘0’ urban thinking, and becomes a demonstrates of a countries resilience after shock and event.

34

__utopian

35

PRECEDENTS // FOLLIES

36

37

38

Risk of Urban disasters is no longer a phenomenon that we can stop, avoid or deter, but rather they are part of complex ecological processes from which we are inseparable and must design with, in preparation for the next imminent disaster (Mitani, 2011)

39

IMAGE SOURCE_ 1-7: butdoesitfloat.com 8-16: oma.edu 17-18: marco fusinato.com 19-21, 24, 16: discogs.com 22-23: source unknown 25-29: source unknown

40

41

42

30: Plagge, U. (2011). Post traumatic stress management. TOPOS. Vol 76, pp 40- 45 31-34: butdoesitfloat.com 35-41: butdoesitfloat.com 42: room11.com.au

17

__initial application concept image

PRECEDENTS // FOLLIES _INITIAL SITE AND CONCEPT

TUESDAY 27/02 TITLE_ TOHOKU CYTOLOGY SUB TITLE_ Scenarios for the (re)organisation of volatile urban tissues RESEARCH QUESTION_ How can a Masters of Landscape Architecture student contribute to the (re)design of housing infrastructure systems based on aggressive environmental conditions, such earthquake and tsunami.

SENDAI

POPULATION (2005): 1,000,000

MINAMI SANRIKU

POPULATION (2004): 19,170 MISSING POST QUAKE: 9500 BUILDINGS LOST: 95%

19

__initial site locations. medium to large scale cities

__folly 01

__folly 02

A series of follies using behavioural, reductive, additive and re-organisational techniques were created that explored the early thinking of landscape as composition. The follies began the process of a re organisation of new township settlements, and a shift in living to an adaptive urban state. The new states through adaptation were explored through the follies, and began to suggest a movement away from the existing township, and an anchoring back over time.

PRECEDENTS // FOLLIES

__folly 03

__folly 04

PRECEDENTS // FOLLIES

SATURDAY 3/03 TITLE_ TOHOKU CYTOLOGY SUB TITLE_ Scenarios for the (re)organisation of volatile urban tissues RESEARCH QUESTION_ How can the discipline of landscape architecture contribute to the development of coping mechanisms for negotiating trauma, within areas of aggressive environmental systems?

21

__marco fusinato . black mass implosion (2008) source_marcofusinato.com

//superstudio

PRECEDENTS // FOLLIES _FOLLY 03

23

LABORATORY / THE PROBLEM_ (01) TOHOKU//MIYAGI//SHIBITACHI (02)

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B / 2012

KESENNUMA_TOHOKU 27

MIYAGI

6,190ha

MIYAGI IWATE

679,832 thou no.

JAPAN TOTAL AREA

2,525, 323

40,500 ha

MIYAGI

2010

CHICKENS

2012 MIYAGI AREA

2010

APPLES

producion of eggs

15%

17TH SIZED AREA 2%

MIYAGI

2010

CHICKENS

fed for broilers

80,203

6%

103,264 thou no.

7,285.16 KM2

JAPAN TOTAL POPULATION

126, 659, 683 (2012)

1,484,000

IWATE

IWATE

2,892,000

IWATE MEDIUM MEDIUM JAPANESE PEARS

PRODUCTION 6%

48,900T

COWS DAIRY JAPANESE PEARS RAKKYU COWS DAIRY TSUKENA FOR PICKLES) RAKKYU (SALTGREEN MEDIUM HIGH CARROTS TSUKENA (SALTGREEN FOR PICKLES) MIYAGI MIYAGI PIGS JAPANESE PEARS KESENNUMA JAPANESE RADDISH CARROTS CHICENS (EGGS) COWS DAIRY BUCKWHEAT CATTLE (BEEF) RAKKYU JAPANESE RADDISH CATTLE (DAIRY) TSUKENA (SALTGREEN FOR PICKLES) REDBEANS ‘AZUKI’ BUCKWHEAT BAMBOO 8,478,000t CARROTS WHEAT REDBEANS ‘AZUKI’ BARLY JAPANESE RADDISH SHIBITACHI APPLES BUCKWHEAT WHEAT PADDY FIELD RICE SOYBEANS

2012

MIYAGI POPULATION

2010

APPLES

HIGH HIGH 2,710 ha PIGS CHICENS (EGGS) PIGS CATTLE CHICENS(BEEF) (EGGS) CATTLE CATTLE (DAIRY) (BEEF) BAMBOO CATTLE (DAIRY) BARLY BAMBOO APPLES BARLY PADDY APPLESFIELD RICE 1,625,000 ha SOYBEANS PADDY FIELD RICE SOYBEANS

GROWING AREA

3.2%

iwate

786,500 T

IWATE

377,944 KM2

REDBEANS ‘AZUKI’ WHEAT

15TH SIZED POPULATION 1.8%

2010

BEEF/CATTLE

2,337,513

2010

BEEF CATTLE

2%

MIYAGI

8%

209,000

2010

PADDY FIELD RICE

PLANTED

8%

24,400

2010

PADDY FIELD RICE

beef

dairy cattle

PRODUCTION

MIYAGI

HIGH

6%

PIGS CHICENS (EGGS) CATTLE 512,500t (BEEF) CATTLE (DAIRY) BAMBOO BARLY APPLES PADDY FIELD RICE SOYBEANS

MIYAGIIWATE 129,800ha

9,899,000

9,899,000

180,994 thou

9,899,000

2010

PIGS

CHICKENS

for breeding (female) PIGS 4% for breeding (female) iwate

2010

total CHICKENS

437,500 437,500

total

4%

437,500

iwate

2010

BARLY

2% total

5,176 thou

2%

5,176 thou

4%

PIGS 6,190ha CHICENS (EGGS) 6,190ha 2,525, 323 CATTLE9,899,000 (BEEF) CATTLE (DAIRY) BAMBOO BARLY 2010 40,500 ha APPLES2010 FIELD RICE 40,500 PADDY ha 80,203 SOYBEANS 437,500

679,832 thou no.

2,525, 323

377,944 KM2

MIYAGI AREA

679,832 thou no.

CHICKENS producion of eggsPIGS

2,525, 323

15%

3.2%

iwate

2010

2012

fed for broilers CHICKENS 15% fed for broilers iwate

2012

103,264 thou no.

iwate

80,203 80,203

6% GROWING AREA

1,484,000

1.8%

2,337,513

9,899,000

2012

MIYAGI AREA

PIGS

2012

1,484,000

2,892,000

1,484,000

2,892,000

2010 total

2010

BEEF/CATTLE

437,500

iwate

2010

dairy cattle BEEF/CATTLE 2% dairy cattle

2,337,513

2%

786,500 T 167,300ha

MEDIUM

JAPANESE PEARS COWS DAIRY 786,500 T RAKKYU TSUKENA (SALTGREEN FOR PICKLES) CARROTS 2010 JAPANESE RADDISH 2010 BUCKWHEAT 48,900T‘AZUKI’ REDBEANS WHEAT 48,900T 786,500 T

APPLES

BARLY PRODUCTION paddy field 6% 4%

2010 2010

SOYBEANS

CHICENS (EGGS) CATTLE (BEEF) CATTLE (DAIRY) BAMBOO 6,190ha BARLY JAPANESE RADISHES APPLES PLANTING AREA PADDY FIELD RICE JAPANESE RADISHES SOYBEANS 4%

48,900T

8,478,000t 40,500 ha

MIYAGI 8%

JA

PL

4%

PLANTING AREA 4%

6%

24,400

2%

fed for broilers

209,000

15%

167,300ha

BARLY

iwate

4%

209,000

15TH SIZED POPULATION 1.8%

2010

209,000

2,337,513

679,832 thou no.

BEEF/CATTLE

2,892,000

8%

PADDY FIELD RICE 2010 PRODUCTION PADDY FIELD RICE 17,900 6% PRODUCTION 2010 6%

CHICKENS total

2010

437,500

2% BEEF CATTLE

129,800ha 129,800ha

2010

24,400

JAPANESE RADISHES

2010

BARLY

4%

5,176 thou

PADDY FIELD RICE

209,000

167,300ha

MIYAGI 8%

3%

2010

PADDY FIELD

PRODUCTION

6,190ha

8%

6%

__MIYAGI512,500t FOOD PRODUCTION 2011.

222,500 t

129,800ha SOURCE: JAPAN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

786,500 T 679,832 thou no.

SOYBEANS

PRODUCTION JAPANESE RADISHES 3% PRODUCTION

paddy field

512,500t PLANTED

8%

40,500 ha

377,944 KM2

1,625,000 ha

2010

beef

dairy cattle

180,994 thou

2,525, 323

MIYAGI

2010

6,190ha

2%

9,899,000

1,484,000

167,300ha

180,994 thou

2010

2010

iwate

6%

2,710 ha 512,500t

8,478,000t

9,899,000

for breeding (female) 4%

APPLES

PRODUCTION

6%

8,478,000t

SOYBEANS

PADDY FIELD RICE

8%

80,203

1,625,000 ha

PIGS MIYAGI AREA

222,500 t

3.2%

2010 2010

6% GROWING AREA

129,800ha

2010

PLANTED 2012 PADDY FIELD RICE 8% PLANTED

PADDY FIELD RICE APPLES PRODUCTION

103,264 thou no.

paddy field

2010

8%

24,400

24,400

2010 2010

PADDY FIELD RICE CHICKENS PLANTED producion of eggs 8%

2010

CHICKENS

1,625,000 ha

5,176 thou

beef BEEF CATTLE 8% beef

8%

126, 659, 683 (2012)

2010

BEEF CATTLE

beef

7,285.16 KM2

2010

CHICKENS

4%

17TH SIZED AREA 2%

180,994 thou

for breeding (female)

2,337,513

1.8%

2%

2010

BEEF CATTLE

2012

MIYAGI AREA

2%

126, 659, 683 (2012)

1.8% 15TH SIZED POPULATION

CHICKENS GROWING AREA total 6%

6% 1,625,000 ha PRODUCTION 2,525, 323

2,710 ha thou no.

679,832 2,710 ha

2010

BEEF/CATTLE dairy cattle

15TH SIZED POPULATION

APPLES

17,900 17,900

15TH SIZED POPULATION

126, 659, 683 (2012)

MIYAGI AREA

2,892,000

2012

MIYAGI AREA

JAPANESE PEARS COWS DAIRY 40,500 ha RAKKYU 180,994 thou HIGH TSUKENA (SALTGREEN FOR PICKLES) CARROTS PIGS JAPANESE RADDISH 2010 CHICENS (EGGS)2010 BUCKWHEAT CATTLE (BEEF) REDBEANS ‘AZUKI’ 2,710 ha WHEAT (DAIRY) 5,176 thou CATTLE

APPLES PRODUCTION

6% 377,944 KM2

HIGH SEAWEED OYSTERS BONITO SHARK SKIPJACK TUNA SCALLOPS URCHIN HIGH PIGS SWORDFISH

8%

APPLES

2010

GROWING AREA APPLES

3.2%

103,264 thou no.

7,285.16 KM2

2010

3.2% producion of eggs

17,900

6,190ha

BAMBOO BARLY APPLES PADDY FIELD RICE SOYBEANS

2010

APPLES

producion of eggs 126, 659, 683 (2012) CHICKENS

15%

7,285.16 KM2

iwate

2010

CHICKENS

2010

for breeding (female) 4%

103,264 thou no.

7,285.16 KM2

CHICKENS

17TH SIZED AREA MIYAGI AREA 2% 17TH SIZED AREA 2%

2010

CHICKENS fed for broilers

17TH SIZED AREA 2%

377,944 KM2

MIYAGI AREA

2012

MEDIUM

MIYAGI

2010

8%

2010

MIYAGI SOYBEANS 8% MIYAGI

HIGH

SOYBEANS MIYAGI

2010

SOYBEANS

4%

5,176 thou

2010

377,944 KM2

679,832 thou no.

paddy field

2%

4% paddy field

MIYAGI

2010

BARLY

2010

paddy field BARLY

4% iwate

2010

CHICKENS

for breeding (female)

2010

222,500 t

222,500 t

167,300ha

180,994 thou

2010

PIGS

222,500 t

167,300ha

180,994 thou 167,300ha

35,700ha

2,525, 323

40,500 ha

377,944 KM2

LABORATORY // 2012 _TOHOKU. MIYAGI PREFECTURE COMPOSITION CHICKENS

PIGS

MIYAGI AREA

2010

2010

producion of eggs

15% for breeding (female)

17TH SIZED AREA 2%

7,285.16 KM2

4%

3.2%

iwate

2010

CHICKENS

fed for broilers

103,264 thou no.

437,500

iwate

MIYAGI AREA GROWING AREA

80,203

total

2010

APPLES

2010

CHICKENS

CHICKENS

fed for broilers

7,285.16 KM2

5,176 thou

2010

2010

APPLES

CHICKENS

paddy field iwate 2,710 ha 4%

2010

producion of eggs

PRODUCTION

15%

17TH SIZED 6% AREA 2%

2%

2010

BARLY

2012

3.2%

6%

48,900T

103,264 thou no.

80,203

SOYBEANS

APPLES

MIYAGI

GROWING AREA

8%

JAPANESE RADISHES

20102010

2010 APPLES

PLANTING AREA

PRODUCTION

4%

6%

2,710 ha

17,900

6,190ha

126, 659, 683 (2012)

6%

1756ha

126, 659, 683 (2012)

__SHIBITACHI / TOHOKU images

1,484,000

source_afterlandscapes.wordpress.com

1,484,000

2,892,000

377,944 KM2

1.8%

2,337,513

BEEF/CATTLE

CHICKENS fed for broilers

PADDY FIELD RICE

beef

24,400

2010

BEEF/CATTLE dairy cattle

2010

BEEF CATTLE

2%

2,337,513

2,525, 323

679,832 thou no.

2010

dairy cattle

2012

1,496,000t

15TH SIZED POPULATION

2012

15TH SIZEDJAPAN POPULATION TOTAL AREA 1.8%

1,625,000 ha

8,478,000t

2012

MIYAGI AREA

MIYAGI AREA

2,892,000

1,625,000 ha

2010

2%

CHICKENS producion of eggs

PADDY FIELD RICE

beef 8%

PLANTED

2010

8%

209,000

2010

PADDY FIELD

786,500 T

2010

JAPANESE RADISHES

29

PRODUCTION

PRODUCTION

8%

209,000

2010

BEEF CATTLE

40,500 ha 24,400PADDY FIELD RICE

PLANTED

8%

2010

3%

6%

129,800ha

44,800t

2010

512,500t

129,800ha APPLES

2010

APPLES

2010

PRODUCTION 6%

LABORATORY // PROBLEM The township of Shibitachi has be inundated with a cycle of waves over the last 115 years, with the 3 highest recorded as wiping out area up to 28.7m. This introduces a working cycle for a destructive tsunami event as one in 38 years. The constant movement in this township is that they will continue to return to the ocean edge over time, as demonstrated through the existing building footprints despite the history of wave activity. Within this working cycle is the beginning of approach of acceptance of event, and initial thinking as to the placements of secondary service and systems of living through and beyond event.

SAPPORO

HACHINOHE

1109 EARTHQUAKES >40KM DEPTH

MIYAKO KAMISHI OFUNATO KESENNUMA

>20KM DEPTH <20KM DEPTH

ISHINOMAKI SOMA

TOKYO

OSAKA

NAGOYA

HIROSHIMA

FUKUOKA

__MARCH 2011 TSUNAMI HEIGHT. SOURCE : 311SCALE

__2011 EARTHQUAKE PLACEMENT. SOURCE: JAPAN QUAKE MAP

9.0

7.9 7.1 5.0 4.5

__RICHTER SCALE RATIO 9.0

7.9

7.1

__RICHTER SCALE 9.0 (03/11)

__RICHTER SCALE 7.9 (03/11)

__RICHTER SCALE 7.0 (08/11)

__RICHTER SCALE 7.0 + 2011

31

LABORATORY // PROBLEM Between 13th January 2010 and 11th of March 2011 a series of natural disasters shook the built environment and urban tissues of Haiti, Chile, Brisbane, Christchurch and Japan through quakes, floods and tsunamis. The urban destruction through natural conditions forces decisions and questions the necessity for (re)building or (re)location.

After deliberation of size of township, the current project engages the North- eastern coastal Japanese fishing township of Shibitachi as the laboratory for an approach that SHRINE LEVEL places the acceptance of tsunami at its core. The township was hit by the March 11 , 2010 earthquake and tsunami, at which the population of 105 was reduced to 86, and the housing infrastructure, fishing industry and roads were decimated up to the 41m contour level. Shibitachi sits within the Karakuwacho peninsula, tucked in as a pocket to the sea. The bathymetry of the region is such that during occurrence, the tsunami is funnelled into the peninsular, and rises in wave height due to its shallow nature, hence the largest waves of the event were seen within this region. Its proximity to the pacific fault line means Shibitachi has felt the majority of all 1200 earthquakes since March last year, including 5 above 7.0 on the Richter scale.

FISHING INDUSTRY

PACIFIC PLATE

PHILLIPINE PLATE

SHIBITACHI

KESENNUMA / SHIBITACHI

SENDAI

FISHING INDUSTRY

image source _google earth

SHRIN

The composition of the township is such that the housing infrastructure sits at the base of a 200m hill, on the oceans edge, with the Shinto shrines placed at the top of the hills. There is a cultural understanding that the shrine level becomes the highest building point for the township, and there is a significance placed on living on the oceans edge. There is a philosophy that healthy mountain equates to healthy ocean, and therefore there are run off points with no housing for drainage to occur into the ocean. This is believed to help phytoplankton regeneration within the ocean.

1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1

EDGE (KIWA) LIVING LINE SHRINE SHRINELEVEL LEVEL

MA (VOID) EDGE (KIWA) LIVING LINE

MA (VOID)

FISHING FISHINGINDUSTRY INDUSTRY

OCEAN RUN OFF AREAS

1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1 1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1 1:4000 @a1

LABORATORY // PROBLEM EDGE (KIWA) LIVING LINE _SHIBITACHI COMPOSITIONEDGE (KIWA) LIVING LINE

MA MA(VOID) (VOID)

__SHIBITACHI BEFORE , DURING AND AFTER THE GREAT EAST JAPAN TSUNAMI (03/11) IMAGE SOURCE_ OTA LAB TOKYO UNIVERSITY

33

1:4000 @a1 1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1 1:4000 @a1

EVENT __SITE EXISTING

38 YEAR

__REGION EXISTING

__TSUNAMI YEAR CYCLE

EVENT

__TSUNAMI CYCLE

1896

35 year flood

20.5m 3-5m

15m 3-5m

__17m WALL

3-5m

__TSUNAMI CYCLE

19m

38 YEAR

1960

35 year flood

2011

__115 YEAR TSUNAMI YEAR CYCLE

LABORATORY // PROBLEM _REGION COMPOSITION AFTER TSUNAMI

_CADCAM model of peninsular and Shibitashi

35

37

_CADCAM composition before + after TSUNAMI

_CADCAM composition before TSUNAMI

_CADCAM composition after TSUNAMI

_CADCAM composition making

39

KESENUMA POPULATION 85% IN FISHING

85% KESENUMMA KESENUMMA

JAPAN FISH INTAKE JAPAN FISH INTAKE

POP.

POP.73,403 73,403

2% DECEASED 2% DECEASED

2%

KG/Y

83 KG/YEAR

83 KG/YEAR

EVAC CENTERS

SKIPJACK TUNA

215 TON/Y

PACIFIC SAURY SKIPJACK TUNA

284 KG/Y 284

7.8% EVAC CENTERS 7.8%

MISSING 2% MISSING

AVERAGE WORLD INTAKE AVERAGE WORLD INTAKE

SHIBITACHI

200 TON/Y 215 TON/Y

BONITO PACIFIC SAURY 150 TON/Y SHARK FIN BONITO

200 TON/Y

150 TON/Y

OYSTERS SHARK FIN

SHIBITACHI

SCALLOPS OYSTERS

POP. 105

POP. 105

18% DECEASED

18% DECEASED

SWORDFISH SCALLOPS

1.5% MISSING

1.5% MISSING

SWORDFISH 70%LOSS FISH EXPORTS

70%LOSS

CHINA KOREA HONG KONG BANNED FISH EXPORTS FISH IMPORTS FROM JAPAN FOLLOWING QUAKEHONG KONG BANNED CHINA KOREA

DAMAGE 1.3B 2008 import $14.4billion

DAMAGE 1.3B 2008 import PERSONAL $14.4billion

1964

FISH IMPORTS FROM JAPAN FOLLOWING QUAKE

- NATION WIDE

1944

113%1964

SELF SUFFICIENT 113%

SELF SUFFICIENT

2010

TUNA SELF SUFFICIENCY

2010

TUNA SELF SUFFICIENCY 40%

60%

SELF SUFFICIENT

60%

40%

BLUE SHARK SELF SUFFICIENCY BLUE SHARK SELF SUFFICIENCY 80% 80%

SELF SUFFICIENT

PERSONAL - NATION WIDE 1944 2010 1,000000

210,000

2010 POP. 210,000

1,000000

210,000

POP. 210,000

37.4% OVER 65

14.2% UNDER 40 KESENUMA POPULATION IN FISHING

37.4% OVER 65 SKIPJACK TUNA BONITO

85%

14.2% UNDER 40 215 TON/Y

PACIFIC SAURY

LABORATORY // PROBLEM_FISHING INDUSTRY Further to the townships composition is a fishing program and infrastructure that has seen a diminished level of personal and self sufficiency since the second world war. The industry is witnessing a an elderly demographic in terms of personal, and loss of fish exports since the events in March 2010. There is a mirroring effect in the demographic imbalance seen within the township itself, with many of the young adults leaving for the centralised city of Tokyo. This starts to begin a process of thinking about cycle, and a system that involves this young adult generation for the stabilisation of the township.

200 TON/Y

KESENUMA POPULATION IN FISHING

150 TON/Y

85%

SHARK FIN OYSTERS SCALLOPS

SKIPJACK TUNA SWORDFISH

MONDAY 13/03

215 TON/Y

LABORATORY // PROBLEM PACIFIC SAURY 200 TON/Y 1964 2010 TUNA SELF SUFFICIENCY _SHIBITACHI FISHING INFRASTRUCTURES 150 TON/Y BONITO 113% SHARK FIN

SELF SUFFICIENT

60%

40%

SELF SUFFICIENT

OYSTERS

SCALLOPS SWORDFISH

1964

2010

113%

SELF SUFFICIENT

60%

SELF SUFFICIENT

TUNA SELF SUFFICIENCY

40%

TITLE_ Tohoku Cytology re)thinking terrain (re)living terrain 80% adaptive landscapes Post Traumatic Landscapes SUB TITLE_ Compositional pieces for urban composure RESEARCH QUESTION_ BLUE SHARK SELF SUFFICIENCY How can the discipline of landscape architecture contribute to the development of coping mechanisms for negotiating trauma, within areas of aggressive environmental systems?

80%

BLUE SHARK SELF SUFFICIENCY

_KESENNUMA fishing infrastructure source_afterlandscapes.wordpress.com

41

DESIGN SCENARIOS_(02) current strategy reaction + cycle generation (02)

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B/ 2012

__megastructure. inhabitable sea wall

__megastructure. inhabitable sea wall

DESIGN SCENARIOS 01 The methodology of this research to develop key principals for design to apply to Shibitachi were made through quick weekly scenarios that centred around reactions from the current strategies that are being discussed for the Tohoku region.

The first scenario carried out was based on the proposed 17m wave wall for the entire Tohoku coastline (Shinozawa & Tanabe, 2011). The interpretation of this evolved into a living mega structure, based through â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Superstudio (life without objects)â&#x20AC;&#x2122;, that sat outside the peninsular, and housing fishing capabilities while providing some protection from the ensuring waves. The up scaling of the structure from 17m to 50m+ was a reaction to the potential non future proofing wave walls propose, as they remain ad hoc in their defiance. Despite the brutal removal of relationship with the ocean edge, shrine line and landscape, the positive to draw out from this experiment became a centralised housing infrastructure. The negative of describing the landscape as mega-structure became apparent through this process also, which begins to suggest a reading of the landscape beyond the water line, and landscape as new ground (Metabolist)

__large scale sea wall

DESIGN SCENARIOS _SCENARIO 01

scale 1:25000

__facilitated townships

scale 1:25000

__housing infrastructure

scale 1:25000

scale 1:25000

__fishing ports

__future proofing

__17m sea wall mitigation

45

DESIGN SCENARIOS _SCENARIO 01

47

DESIGN SCENARIOS 02 The second scenario involved a secondary housing infrastructure that sits above the ocean edge and beneath the shrine level. This proposed a shift in living when the tsunami event occurs, and a place to inhabit and find shelter within. Similar to Sou Fujimotoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s jenga house (2009), the form could have various starting points or foundations, and then aggregate differently depending on reaction to event or need to support or be supported by other individuals within the township. The drawings attempt to show these different moments of these aggregations. The concern that followed this scenario was the need to further explore a notion of drawing the township back to the ocean edge, rather than this existing as a single re location exercise. _montage image. secondary housing

_montage image. secondary housing

1:80

1:4000 @a1

1:4000 @a1

_secondary housing (.5 envelopes)

DESIGN SCENARIOS _SCENARIO 02

1:4000 @a1

_secondary cluster housing

_flexible housing system

_secondary housing system reorganised 1:4000 @a1

_flexible housing system 1:4000 @a1

_shifting edge composition

THURSDAY 22/03 TITLE_ ON THE LINE Post Traumatic Landscapes SUB TITLE_ Compositional pieces for urban composure RESEARCH QUESTION_ How can the discipline of landscape architecture contribute to the development of coping mechanisms for negotiating trauma, within areas of aggressive environmental systems?

HOW can the discipline of landscape architecture contribute to the development of notation for composing systems for environmental trauma reduction.

_folly 04. re organised composition

_housing system initial testing

49

_hill cut material 390,000m

72,410m

128,730m 128,730m

421,370m

184,780m 685,520m

DESIGN SCENARIOS 03 The third scenario was a replication of the current Tohoku cut and fill strategy (Shinozawa & Tanabe, 2011), which proposes the physical removal of the tops of the mountains and using the cut material to fill the ocean edge. Similar to the wave wall philosophy, the potential protection of the township is at the sacrifice of the relationship with the ocean edge, and the removal of the Shinto shrine significance. Using this strategy, I took the sections of material to create a inner ring of ocean, that offered some protection but also allowed for a connection with the water edge. The protection attempted to reinstall the townships relationship with the edge as a gradual process. Fishing could still occur within this scenarios, and the height of the town lifted with some remaining fill. What was reiterated through this was the importance of a strategy to retain both shrine level and ocean edge level significance.

_hill cut material

390,000m

_shrine removal 72,410m

128,730m 128,730m

421,370m

184,780m 685,520m

_flexible port

_port push

_housing push

__cut material

1,621540m

__shrine level

__new hills

DESIGN SCENARIOS _SCENARIO 03

__cut + fill

__existing reflection

__new hill proposition

__new hills

51

STRATEGY SCRIPT STAGE 01

STRATEGY SCRIPT STAGE 02

TRANSPORT HIGH

TRANSPORT

ROAD ACCES FOR 2X BUS FOOTPATH ACCESS FOR 4 SIDE BY SIDE CAR ACCESS BITUMEN SURFACE TO AVOID SLIPPAGE

HIGH

ROAD ACCES FOR 2X BUS FOOTPATH ACCESS FOR 4 SIDE BY SIDE CAR ACCESS BITUMEN SURFACE TO AVOID SLIPPAGE

PROFESSIONAL HEALTH

PROFESSIONAL HEALTH

1 X DOCTOR PER 50 1 X NURSE (TRAINED) PER 50 1 X PSYCHOLOGIST PER 300 1 X COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVE COUNSELOR PER 25

2 X DOCTOR PER 50 1 X NURSE (TRAINED) PER 50 2 X PSYCHOLOGIST PER 300 2X COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVE COUNSELOR PER 25

DRINKING WATER

DRINKING WATER

STOCK BOTTLES PUMPED WATER WELLED WATER

STOCK BOTTLES PUMPED WATER WELLED WATER

360ppl

FISHING INDUSTRY FISH PREPARATION SECONDARY SYSTEM LOCAL INDUSTRY SECONDARY HEADQUARTERS

IMMEDIATE SHELTER TEMPORARY HOUSING

GROUP SHELTER

TEMPOARY LIVAVLE HOUSING FOR 50 PEOPLE

8

9.6

6 3.2

30

MEDIUM INFRASTRUCTURE (50 PEOPLE)

HIGHER INFRASTRUCTURE (360 PEOPLE)

GAS POWER SEWERAGE

GAS POWER SEWERAGE

120ppl

60-80ppl

STAGE 00 01 EVAC_ 20 MIN NO WARNING

FISHING INDUSTRY COMMUNITY HALLS

SUSTAINABLE FOOD SOLUTION LOCAL PRODUCT TUNA SCALLOPS SWORDFISH BASE STOCK

GROUP COPING

120ppl

RUN OFF DIRECTION

WASTER MANAGEMENT

2 hour (2km) TEMPORARY HOUSING TEMPOARY LIVAVLE HOUSING FOR 50 PEOPLE

RECRATION

200

WASTER MANAGEMENT

100

LOW

60-80ppl

LOW

1 hour (1km)

16m STAGE 01 EVAC_ 20 MIN >400m

.33 hour (500m)

STRATEGY SCRIPT STAGE 02 TRANSPORT HIGH

ROAD ACCES FOR 2X BUS FOOTPATH ACCESS FOR 4 SIDE BY SIDE CAR ACCESS BITUMEN SURFACE TO AVOID SLIPPAGE

PROFESSIONAL HEALTH 2 X DOCTOR PER 50 1 X NURSE (TRAINED) PER 50 2 X PSYCHOLOGIST PER 300 2X COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVE COUNSELOR PER 25

__permeable evacuation run off platforms

360ppl

PERMEABLE EVACTUATION PLATFORMS

DRINKING WATER STOCK BOTTLES PUMPED WATER WELLED WATER

DESIGN SCENARIOS 04 The final weekly scenario involved a evacuation strategy, which employed potential quick win positions for small warning time, and 2 major sites if warning was beyond an hour. The township’s aging population disables its potential to move quickly up the hill, and it was estimated that they would have to have a warning of beyond an hour if they were to make the full 600m distance to the major __permeable evacuation run off platforms evacuation point.

The evacuation strategy attempts to take into account the water run off zones, which stand at higher ground to the township, and proposes permeable raised structures that allow for water run off whilst providing grouping area for evacuees. A strategy script was made for each site, with a estimate population of people it could house given the need to settle.

FISHING INDUSTRY FISH PREPARATION SECONDARY SYSTEM LOCAL INDUSTRY SECONDARY HEADQUARTERS

TEMPORARY HOUSING TEMPOARY LIVAVLE HOUSING FOR 50 PEOPLE

9.6

30

HIGHER INFRASTRUCTURE (360 PEOPLE) GAS POWER SEWERAGE

COMMUNITY HALLS GROUP COPING

WASTER MANAGEMENT

RECRATION

18m 200 100

LOW

DESIGN SCENARIOS _SCENARIO 04

STAGE 02 EVAC_ 60 MIN >1000m

MONDAY 09/04

RESEARCH QUESTIONS_

TITLE_

How can the discipline of landscape architecture contribute to the development of coping mechanisms for negotiating trauma, within areas of aggressive environmental systems?

post trauma cities transitory landscapes case study landscapes SUB TITLE_ Compositional pieces for composure under cyclic environmental volatility Compositional strategies for composure under cyclic environmental volatility

HOW can the discipline of landscape architecture contribute to the development of notation for composing systems for environmental trauma reduction.

How can the discipline of landscape architecture contribute to the development of composure within areas of cyclic traumatic environmental systems.

How can landscape architecture inform coping mechanisms for trauma through acceptance of volatile environmental systems.

53

LANDSCAPE MEGA STRUCTURE

SCENARIO 03 EVAC!

SCENARIO 04

TOHOKU CYTOLOGY

WALL CITY

SCENARIO 02

CENTRALISES INFRASTRUCTURE

POSITIVE

PREVENTATIVE FOR WAVE HEIGHTS THUS FAR

ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS

MAINTAINS RELATIONSHIP WITH EDGE

POSITIVE

ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS

MAINTAINS RELATIONSHIP WITH EDGE

POSITIVE

EVAC!

REACTING FROM CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

RE ORGANISATION

RECOMPOSED

REDUCTIVE REACTING FROM CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

CENTRALISES PEOPLE

PROPOSES CYCLE OF LIVING

CENTRALISED HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

CUT AND FILL STRATEGY 2 hour (2km)

PREVENTATIVE FOR WAVE HEIGHTS THUS FAR CENTRALISED HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

.33 hour (500m)

1 hour (1km)

DEGREE OF POSITIVE PSYCH LOGICAL EFFECT FORMS NEW RELATIONSHIP WITH OCEAN EDGE PRIVILEGES FISHING INDUSTRY

TOHOKU PSP TIDAL WALL

REACTING FROM CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

ADDITIVE

SCENARIO 01 DESIGN STRATEGY BEHAVIOURAL REACTING FROM CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

GROUP TRANSFER

POSITIVE MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIP WITH EDGE ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS CHOREOGRAPHED GROUP LOCATION SHIFT

NEGATIVE

CENTRALISED SECONDARY HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

NEGATIVE REDUCES LOCAL CHARACTER

NEGATIVE

NEGATIVE REMOVED RELATIONSHIP WITH OCEAN EDGE REMOVES RELATIONSHIP WITH SHRINE LEVEL

COSTLYTO CUT ROADS IN MOUNTAINS

HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

REMOVES A CENTRALISED FISHING INDUSTRY

DOESENT ALLOW COMPLETE PROTECTION

ONLY WORKS FOR ONE CYCLE REDUCTION OF LOCALISED FISHING INDUSTRIES NO PREVENTION OF DANGER FOR LARGER TSUNAMI WAVE HEIGHTS

PROGRAM

MAY NOT WORK WITH NO WARNING NEGATIVE VISUAL IMPACT

PROGRAM OCEAN ACTIVITY

FISHING INDUSTRY

PROGRAM HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE FISHING INDUSTRY

PROGRAM HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

EVACUATION

TYPOLOGY M2

TYPOLOGY

<5Ha

EDGE

M2

MEGA STRUCTURE

TYPOLOGY

<3.5Ha

CLUSTER HOUSING

TYPOLOGY

PROPOSED CYCLE OF LIVING

M2

EDGE

CENTRALISES INFRASTRUCTURE

0- 41M

SECONDARY HOUSING

PROGRAM SCRIPT

ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS

>10Ha

HOUSING STATE

GEN 01

SECONDARY FISHING PREPARATION FACILITIES EVACUATION STRATEGY ENERGY STRATEGY

PROGRAM SCRIPT

REFORMATION OF INTIMATE SPACES

PROGRAM SCRIPT

REBUILDING OF PRIMARY HOUSING

SHRINE PRERPARATION

SECONDARY HOUSING

EDGE

EDGE

0-10M

0-10M

BUILDING AND MAINTAINNG OF SECONDARY HOUSING LOCAL INDUSRY TRAINING

GEN 02 PERSONAL MITIGATION LOCAL INDUSTRY TEACHING

GEN 01

GEN 02

MAINTAINING SECONDARY INDUSTRIES RE-BUILDING / PLANING INDUSTRY PLACEMENT

GEN 01

SHRINE BUILDING/FILLING THE INTIMATE (INFORMAL/FORMAL)

CLUSTER BUILDING LOCAL INDUTRY TRAINING

GEN 02 LOCAL INDUSTRY TEACHING

STATE

STATE

STATE

<3.5 ha

RE INTERPRETED INITIMATE SPACE

STRATEGY PRINCIPALS_

MEMORIAL

MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIP WITH EDGE

DESIGN SCENARIOS _DESIGN PRINCIPALS

As outlined through these diagrams, the scenarios became the method for drawing out the key principals for a movement forward towards design outcomes.

These were maintain relationship with ocean edge, created a centralised housing infrastructure, create an acceptance of volatile conditions and propose an adaptive cycle of living. The cycle of living is integral, as it brings with it the shift to generational roles at various points of time, and potential creates new relationships for young adults within this landscape. This could work through a common ground preparation for moving back to the edge from the secondary housing, which would aid in building foundations for settlements at a future point. The cycle suggests a continuous shift within the landscape over a 38 year period, with evacuation strategies and acceptance that a section of the landscape will act as a crumple zone, and its regeneration is built into the township psyche.

M2

CYCLE 01 0 YEAR CYCLE 02 19 YEAR CYCLE 03 38 YEAR

54

1.2000 MASTER PLANS_(02) WORKING CYCLE

(03)

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B / 2012

STRATEGY PRINCIPALS_ MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIP WITH EDGE

CENTRALISES INFRASTRUCTURE

ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS

PROPOSED CYCLE OF LIVING

CYCLE 03 38 YEAR

CYCLE 02 19 YEAR

CYCLE 01 0 YEAR

HOUSING STATE

GEN 01

EDGE

PROGRAM SCRIPT

BUILDING AND MAINTAINNG OF SECONDARY HOUSING LOCAL INDUSRY TRAINING

0- 41M

SECONDARY HOUSING

GEN 02 PERSONAL MITIGATION LOCAL INDUSTRY TEACHING

MEMORIAL

STATE

SECONDARY FISHING PREPARATION FACILITIES EVACUATION STRATEGY ENERGY STRATEGY

GEN 01

EDGE

PROGRAM SCRIPT

MAINTAINING SECONDARY INDUSTRIES RE-BUILDING / PLANING INDUSTRY PLACEMENT

0-10M

SECONDARY HOUSING

STATE

SHRINE PRERPARATION

RE INTERPRETED INITIMATE SPACE

REBUILDING OF PRIMARY HOUSING

GEN 02 SHRINE BUILDING/FILLING THE INTIMATE (INFORMAL/FORMAL)

GEN 01

EDGE

CLUSTER BUILDING LOCAL INDUTRY TRAINING

0-10M

PROGRAM SCRIPT

STATE

REFORMATION OF INTIMATE SPACES

SHIBITACHI STRATEGY

GEN 02 LOCAL INDUSTRY TEACHING

IDENTIFYING PROBLEM

Through the strategic principals, design outcomes were tested for a potential implementation of the proposed cycle.

These outcomes at 1.2000 became a potential set up for a township not yet destroyed by tsunami, or one just after event. The drawings acted like an flexible master plan, using the identification of a town’s existing qualities and constraints as variables. Here, a secondary housing infrastructure, atomised fishing and utility infrastructure, identification of key memorial sites for anchorage back to the edge and a evacuation route became the major moves.

OVERLAY 01 SECONDARY HOUSING DESIGN STRATEGY BEHAVIOURAL

OVERLAY 03

OVERLAY 02

OVERLAY 04

SECONDARY INDUSTRIES

GENERATION CYCLE

EVACUATION ROUTES

DESIGN STRATEGY ADDITIVE

DESIGN STRATEGY BEHAVIOURAL

DESIGN STRATEGY RE ORGANISATION

2 hour (2km)

1 hour (1km)

.33 hour (500m)

These became 4 overlays for a flexible master plan that attempted to develop over the 38 year cycle. It lays the foundations for a township to shift and aggregate away and back to the edge, whilst maintaining a self sufficiency with regards to fish and food storage, fishing operations, water and power.

FUNCTION

FUNCTION

ACCEPTANCE OF VOLATILE CONDITIONS

RETENTION OF FISHING INDUSTRY AFTER EVENT

SOCIAL MEMORIAL

SAFE TIME BASED EVACUATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE

SAFE HOUSING ABOVE 41M

FOOD SUPPLY FOR EVACUATION

ALLOWS FOUNDATIONS OF RE BUILDING

RETAINS IMPORTANT DESIRE LINES

SECONDARY HEALTH/POWER FACILITIES

RETENTION OF LOCAL ECONOMY

COLLECTIVE COPING STRATEGY

ALLEVIATES BOTTLENECKED ROADS

RETENTION OF LOCAL EMPLOYMENT

RETAIN YOUTH BELLOW 20

COGNITIVE PREPAREDNESS

PROGRAM

1.2000 MASTER PLANS _LANDSCAPE CYCLE

WEDNESDAY 18/04 TITLE_ CASE STUDY SHIBITACHI

HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

TYPOLOGY CLUSTER HOUSING

SUB TITLE_ FAULT LINE LIVING RESEARCH QUESTION_ How can the discipline of landscape architecture contribute to the resilience of townships with exposure to volatile environmental conditions?

What opportunities are there for life systems within the re design for townships with exposure to volatile environmental systems.

__master plan overlay legend FUNCTION

FUNCTION

PROGRAM FISHING INDUSTRY

TYPOLOGY BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

MEMORIAL

ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE

TYPOLOGY

TYPOLOGY

TOWNSHIP CHARACTER

EVACUATION

M2

M2

M2

M2

<3.5 ha

>10Ha

<3.5Ha

<5Ha

__case study. SANRUKI SAN. SHIBITACHI resident

source_afterlandscapes.wordpress.com

__case study. SANRUKI SAN cycle movement

59

BB

AA

BB

AA

BB

AA

NO DESIGN AREA

NO DESIGN AREA NO DESIGN AREA

INSERT 01 INFRASTRUCTRES

NO DESIGN AREA NO DESIGN AREA NO DESIGN AREA

2ND FISHING INFRASTRUCTURES

2ND POWER + H20

2ND FISHING INFRASTRUCTURES

2ND POWER + H20

INFRASTRUCTRES

INSERT 01

INSERT 01

FISHING INFRASTRUCTURES

EVAC STATIONS

EVAC STATIONS

SEE INSERT 01 SEE INSERT 02

A

SCALE 1.1000@A0

B CYCLE 01

_stage 01_secondary housing + infrastructure

A

B A

B

SCALE 1.1000@A0

CYCLE 01

SCALE 1.1000@A0

CYCLE 03

_stage 02_informal shrine sites

_stage 03_cluster housing _MASTER PLAN INITIAL TESTING MEMORIAL

RE INTERPRETED INITIMATE SPACE

__secondary housing testing

__module + informal shrine testing

1.2000 MASTER PLANS _INITIAL SET

_housing typology testing

_housing typology testing

__power/water/health

__new housing

__local industry

__new intimate

61

_TOKYO APARTMENT sou fujimoto

1.2000 MASTER PLANS // INFORMAL MEMORIAL In-between spaces within the existing housing clusters became identification for memorial sites as the anchor to draw the township back to its oceans edge. These sites were to become informal memorials, where their operation could be determined by the families or users of the original clusters. These uses could be for ceremonial events, contemplative spaces, bath houses etc, whereby they become informal and not an over hierarchical to the existing Shinto shrines. The cyclic actions are seen in the preparation for each ground area, the frame for small building, and then the potential future cladding. These spaces then become available for the township to re cluster around dependent on new preference to typology after event. These spaces act as informal continuous memorials. This draws similarity with what the Metabolists call invisible continuity, with reference to the ISE SHRINE, the most sacred of Shinto shrines. The Ise Shrine is over 1600 years old, and is pulled down and rebuilt using the existing plans and materials every 20 years. The cycle has created a psyche within the Japanese people that aids an acceptance of new for old, and new material over existing foundations. The Ise shrine concept lays support for the implementation of a housing cycle over a 38 year period. It is not unusual within the culture of Japan to experience a rebuilding over such a continuous time period.

__1.2000 model

1.2000 MASTER PLANS _1.2000 MODEL

__1.2000 model

__ISE shrine (koolhaas, 2011)

63

M

AS

SE R TE

LI N IO CT

NE

SHI NT OS HRI NE

FOR MA L CO MM UNI TY

WA TER

FOO D

SER VIC ES

UTI LITI ES +

HO USI NG

LOO KOU T

EVA C

EDG E

RUC TUR E

TAN K

60 MINUTE EVACUATION

RUC TUR E TAN K

SER VIC ES

INF OR M AL SHR LAR INE GER O PEN SPA CES EXI S T ING HO USI NG

WA TER

FIS H I NG INF RAS T

FI S H ING INF RAS T

20 MIN EVACUATION

FOR MA L CO MM UNI TY

20 MIN EVACUATION

EXI S TIN G USI

HO NG

SECONDARY SYSTEM

EDGE SYSTEM

OS HRI NE

SHI NT

SHIBITACHI POPULATION 105

20 MIN EVACUATION

PHASE 01 1.2000 @A1

M

AS

SE R TE

LI N IO CT

NE

IN

SHI SHR I NE

FOR M

SHR I NE S

AL CO MM UNI T

U

YS

ES ERV EW ATE R

D

S

ERV I CE

FOO

T

NG

KOU

USI

OO

HO

S+

T I LI TIE

EVA C

EDG EL

HO

ION

S

USE

DI T

CES

NT A NK

ON

TIO

SPA

WO RK

I NE

SHR

NET

AL

EN

ETW E

FOR M

PAT H

MA

OR

TAN K

SIT

60 MINUTE EVACUATION

PRI M INF ARY F R I A S TRU SHING CT U RE

C

UR

OFF

IN

IN B

O LL EC

BAN C

SUR VIV I NG

NEW

UN

WA TER R

NTO

FOR MA L ITE

I NF

I NE

LS HR

E

EX IST IN GH OU SIN G

SECONDARY SYSTEM

EDGE SYSTEM

SHIBITACHI POPULATION 105

SIT E

OS HRI NE

SHI NT

EVA CUA TIO N

20 MIN EVACUATION

PHASE 02 1.2000 @A1

M

AS

SE R TE

LI N IO CT

NE

SH I N TO SH SHR I N TO INE SHR INE

MA

FOR LC OM MU NIT YS

WA TER TAN K

D

FOO

ERV ICE S

UTI LITI ES +

KOU T

LOO

TRU CTU RE

EDG E

E V A CH OU SIN HO G USI N G TYP OLO GY 02

FIS HIN G IN FRA S

FU R T HO HER E USI NG VAC

60 MINUTE EVACUATION

TRU CTU RE

WA TER TAN K

SEC FIS ONDA HIN R G IN Y FRA S

LAR PAC ES

INE

SHR

GER OPE NS

AL

INF OR M

1

Y0

ERV ICE S

LOG

H O USI NG TYP O

LC OM

20 MIN EVACUATION

MA

FOR MU NIT YS

MA

INF OR

ITE

LS HRI NE S

SECONDARY SYSTEM

EDGE SYSTEM

TO

SHI N NE

SHR I

SHIBITACHI POPULATION 105

20 MIN EVACUATION

1.2000 @A1

CYCLE 03: PHASE 1.1000 @A001

REACTION AGAINST // REACTION WITH_(03) trauma coping mechanisms

(03)

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B/ 2012

REACTING AGAINST//REACTING WITH In ‘Small Space for Evacuation’ David Slater (2012) proposes a duality of public and private is needed to act as a appropriate coping strategies for trauma. In small spaces, where there is no public, where distance is not possible, is privacy and intimacy, even sharing common experience becomes problematic. The coping mechanism in such a small space becomes avoidance, made all the more problematic, even shameful for the logistical impossibility of avoiding anyone”.

This become the argument against the use of large scale evacuation spaces such as gyms and halls for the March 2010 Tsunami. What is assumed when you place people of next to each other with a shared experience is group talk and group think behaviour, however, as Slaters’s (2012) case studies state, avoidance and solitude become the coping strategy.

When starting to look at how new housing typologies for primary and secondary systems can land on site and start working, this duality becomes the goal. How can you create a typology that can adapted and flexible in terms of the seclusion and public space created. The existing Japanese housing typologies, specifically the application of Sou Fujimoto’s box typology, and Ryue Nishizawa’s Moriyama House (2005) became precedent for a transient living arrangements that could be applied on site. The Moriyama house atomises the box typology into an interesting urban condition, one that could lay a foundation for a township to choose and evolve into their own urban condition. These became the ground for initial testing of the primary and secondary housing systems.

__OPEN EVACUATION CENTRES. MARCH 2010

01

02

03

04

__ISE SHRINE

06

09 ___MORIYAMA HOUSE_

OFFICE OF RYUE NISHIZAWA

REACTING AGAINST//REACTING WITH

10

11 _WOODEN BRIDGE MUSEUM KENGO KUMA

12 13 ___JENGA HOUSE/TOKYO APARTMENT SOU FUJIMOTO

“Privacy and intimacy and relational terms that demands their opposite – some public, some distance” - SLATER (2012)

05

14

07

15

16

___MORIYAMA HOUSE_

_CENTRE FOR PSYCHIATRY SOU FUJIMOTO

OFFICE OF RYUE NISHIZAWA

08

17 _WOODEN BRIDGE MUSEUM KENGO KUMA

18 ___Chichu Art Museum TADAO ANDO

IMAGE SOURCE_ 1-5: nytimes.com 06-08: source unknown 09-18: archdaly.com

73

02

BED

VOID

03

SHIBITACHI EDGE

LIVING

03

SHARED SPACE IN BETWEEN SPACE

SHINTO SHRINE

GROUND

BATH

VOID

02 PATIAL SEPARATION FOOD

TEA

VOID

01

GROUP THINK

01

SHARED SPACE IN BETWEEN SPACE

03

01

LIVING

FLOOR 01

01

BED

VOID

BATH

01 BED

FOOD

GROUP THINK

SHINTO SHRINE

ENCLOSURE

BATH

01

03

TO CELLAR

FOOD

FOOD

TO CELLAR

01

02 PATIAL SEPARATION

02

03

02

GROUND

02 02

PUSH

VOID

01

BATH IN BETWEEN SPACE

03 02

TO CELLAR

TEA 03

BED

VOID

BED FLOOR 01

BATH

03 LIVING

GROUND

01

VOID PUSH

__edge housing typology scheme

ENCLOSURE

03

TO CELLAR

__edge housing typology context

02

BATH LIVING

01

01

BED

VOID

GROUND

02

02

GROUP THINK

01

01

SHARED SPACE IN BETWEEN SPACE

03 02

COMPARTMENTS

02

ENCLOSURE 01

03

01

PATIAL SEPARATION

03 02

02

FOOD

GROUP THINK SHARED SPACE IN BETWEEN SPACE

03 03

01

PATIAL SEPARATION

02

HOUSES WITHOUT POWER 3.11

FOOD

03

__secondary housing typology scheme

__secondary housing typology scheme 24% NUCLEAR POWER

NUCLEAR POWER GRID

01

REACTING AGAINST//REACTING WITH _NEW HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

02

TITLE_ 03 CASE STUDY SHIBITACHI

SUB TITLE_ FAULT LINE LIVING RESEARCH QUESTION_ How can the discipline of landscape architecture contribute to the resilience of townships with exposure to volatile environmental conditions?ENCLOSURE KEY WORDS_ Environmental trauma, landscape cycle, adaptation, alleviate, 01 new surface 03 02

GROUP THINK SHARED SPACE IN BETWEEN SPACE

HOUSES WITHOUT POWER 3.11

24% NUCLEAR POWER

NUCLEAR POWER GRID

REGION THINNING

THINNING (KOOLHAAS/OMA) population and local alised industries+ Japanese centralised power grid

75

1.200 LANDINGS_(03) cycle living

(04)

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B / 2012

WA TER

NEW

TAN K PRIMARY HOUSING_

HO

USI

UTI

LITY

NG

INITIAL PLACEMENT AND TYPOLOGY

TYP

OLO

GY

LIN

ES

INFORMAL MEMORIALS_ FOUNDATION SITES_ADAPTABLE

NEW

WATER

GR

OU

FISHING POWER

OR

MA

SON

_

INFRASTRUCTURES PRIMARY SITES

LS

RY C

HRI

NE

OLU

MN

S

PLUG IN NEW GROUND SERVICES_ UNDERGROUND POWER GRID UNDERGROUND WATER GRID

SECTION LINE

INF

MA

ND

FOUNDATION ROADS_ EVACUATION MAIN ROADS SHORE ROADS

PRIMARY EDGE SYSTEM

__stage 01 ocean edge foundations

1.200 LANDINGS_HOUSING TYPOLOGY AND UTILITY GRID Zooming in at a 1.200 scale at the primary housing system on the ocean edge, the explored housing typologies can start to be applied. Early investigations centred on running the new housing after event along the destruction line with an exploration in etching the event into the landscape, enabling an acceptance of environment within living amongst such a landscape.

Future housing may aggregate towards the ocean like fingers from the central line. Thinking about a stronger structure to the system a underground utility grid was proposed that run along the contours at 5m height intervals. This would begin to lay foundations for a flexible self directed housing and urban condition decisions Further to this, an atomised fishing infrastructures running up the hill helps support flexibility within housing placement decisions. It was established that the process was similar to considering the landscape as the Metabolists did as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;New ground (Koolhaas et al, 2011), this being the reinterpretation over time of landscape as infrastructure. As the utility gird may diminish over the course of tsunami event, this may also force decisions of inhabitants.

__etching housing into memory of event

10 YEAR

01YEAR

__ocean edge shifting EDGE SYSTEM 02 1.500 @A1

79

__1.500 model

NG

LIN ES

T Y P OLO GY

WA T E RT ANK HO USI

UTI LITY

TIO N

HRI NE

NEW G RO UND IN F O R MA LS

URB AN CO NDI

MA SON RY C OLU MN S

SECTION LINE

EDGE SYSTEM 03 1.500 @A1

TAN K

EXI STI NG KI T A N AKA HOUS ING

WA TE R

FO R SER MAL C OM VI C M E S UNI TY UTI LIT ICE S

LIN ES

YS ERV

UTI LITY

NE W G RO UND

HO USI NG TY P O LOG Y

EDG E L OO KO UT

S E C FIS ONDA H R I N G IN Y FR A S T RCU TUR E

SECTION LINE

SECONDARY SYSTEM 02 1.500 @A1

WA TER

TAN K COMMUNITY

EXI S KIT TING ANA H KA OUSIN G

INFRASTRUCTURES_

INDUSTRIES

WATER

SECONDARY

POWER

FISHING

EVAC HOUSES_

COMPONENTRY

WA TER

TAN K

FOR SER MAL C O VIC ES MMU NIT UTI Y LITY SER VIC ES UTI LITY LIN ES

FOUNDATION ROADS_

FOUNDATION ROADS

NEW

HO

GR

OU

USI

EDG

NG

EL

ND

PLUG IN UTILITIES_ TYP

PLUG IN SERVICES

OO

OLO

GY

KO

UT

SECONDARY SYSTEM_

SECONDARY HOUSING SCHEME

SECTION LINE

SEC FIS ONDA HIN R G IN Y FRA ST

__stage 01 secondary housing foundations

RCU

TUR

E

1.200 LANDINGS_ SECONDARY HOUSING TYPOLOGY AND UTILITY GRID A similar application occurs to the secondary housing system which despite its non physical effect from tsunami, the housing can still be altered and adjusted depending on the users needs. The desired urban condition is again similar to the Moriyama house ( Ryue Nishizawa, 2005), where an ideal of transient living with both public and private conditions. The fishing infrastructures here could incorporate a storage facility, and cooling rooms for a 7 day cycle in preparation of tsunami event. Further to this, the housing could potentially integrate neighbouring townships such as Kitanaka and Kamishibitachi.

SECONDARY SYSTEM 03 1.500 @A1

85

__1.500 working model. adaptive housing typology at stage 03

1.200 LANDINGS _WORKING MODEL

87

MASTER SECTIONS_(04) laying foundations

(05)

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B / 2012

MASTER SECTION_ informal shrine moments

91

2ND. RESIDENTIAL

2ND. RESIDENTIAL EXISTING RES.

EXISTING RES.

UTILITIES WATER LEVEL

0

0

-6

-35

5

0

EXISTING RES.

10

15 20

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90 95 100 2ND. RESIDENTIAL

35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

105

100

2ND. 95 90 RESIDENTIAL

UTILITIES

-6

-35

80

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65 60 55 5045 40

EXISTING RES.

CYCLE 01

WATER LEVEL

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65 60 55 5045 40

2ND. RESIDENTIAL

2ND. RESIDENTIAL

EDGE SHRINE

90

1.2000@a0

WATER LEVEL

UTILITIES

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10

EDGE SHRINE

0

0

-25

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2ND. RESIDENTIAL 90 95 100

35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

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2ND. RESIDENTIAL 90 85

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WATER LEVEL

CYCLE 02 UTILITIES

MASTER SECTION_ continuous landscape The master sections attempts to display the landing of the cycle from a range in -25 scale from 1.2000 to 1.200. The terracing system of the housing typologies on the steep slope towards the secondary housing systems become integral to the in-between and group thinking moments. The inner workings of the shrine sites and how they can sit beneath the terraced houses cut into the landscape were explored.

Here, the water line are marked at each stageMOULDING rather than filled as a OFFSHORE FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE OCEAN SURFACE consideration of the landscape as continuous. The form of new ground can also be explored through offshore infrastructures, supporting the notion of a second push or move at point of evacuation, this time out to sea past the unbroken wave to retain the local industry after event.

5

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CLUSTER HOUSING

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AA

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CLUSTER HOUSING

UTILITIES

WATER LEVEL

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90

1.2000@a0

UTILITIES

OCEAN SURFACE MOULDING 0

CLUSTER HOUSING 0

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AA

A CYCLE 03

1.2000@a0

SHRINE EXISTING RES.

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CYCLE 01

EXISTING RES.

EXISTING RES.

SECONDARY HOUSING

SHRINE

EDGE SHRINE

-6

0

0

0

BB

The following master sections show the height of the hill behind the township of Shibitachi, and the placement of the Shinto shrine, the most significant monument.

WATER LEVEL

-35

1.2000@a0

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SHRINE

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WATER LEVEL

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-25

SHRINE

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REGOWTH

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B CYCLE 03

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MASTER SECTION_ OCEAN EDGE MEMORIAL AFTER EVENT 97

__primary housing terraced on landscape

STAGE 01. AFTER TSUNAMI EVENT Due to the steepness of the slope Shibitachi sits within, the terracing of the houses proposes opportunities for a dual urban interaction of public and private. By using pilotis, and always building above the landscape rather than cutting into it, the houses can have access both private entry, and further a in-between group think area. The houses have the potential to become vessels to explore David Slaterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (2012) notion of this duality for trauma coping. Further, if the only cuts into the landscape were for the informal shrine grounds, they perhaps begin to suggest interesting contemplative spaces through the use of height between reduced ground level and terrace house. The fill of these cuts can be used to lay the roads and stabilise the shared urban spaces.

__secondary housing typology scheme

The first stage of the informal shrines is displayed here. At this point the frame of the shrine has been erected, at which could be the place of memory, or ceremony away from the secondary and housing areas. A potential place of importance to the ocean edge and local history of the ocean. A further place of gradual movement and acceptance of the ocean movement after event.

OPEN REALM

MEMORIAL SITE

__informal shrine basic frame stage 01

SECLUSION

SECLUSION OPEN REALM

scale 1.200@a1

__housing terrace option built on landscape

MASTER SECTION _STAGE 01. AFTER TSUNAMI EVENT

03

ENCLOSURE

02 PATIAL SEPARATION

2ND. RESIDENTIAL

BED

VOID

FOOD

TO CELLAR

OPEN REALM

FOOD

EXISTING RES.

SECLUSION

EXISTING RES.

BATH

01

LIVING

GROUP THINK SHARED SPACE IN BETWEEN SPACE

GROUND

UTILITIES

INTERSTITIAL

INTERSTITIAL

WATER LEVEL

VOID

SECLUSION

BATH

TEA BED

-35

-6

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FLOOR 01

_moriyama house_ office of ryue nishizawa

POSSESSION LOCK

_ocean edge housing typology TO CELLAR

OPEN REALM

POSSESSION

VOID

BATH LIVING

BED

99

__ocean edge housing typology scheme context

1

2ND. RESIDENTIAL EXISTING RES.

MEMORIAL SITE

2ND. RESIDENTIAL

SECLUSION

EXISTING RES. SECLUSION

OPEN REALM

__informal shrine stage 02. cladding completed

__STAGE 03.

ANCHORED BACK TO OCEAN EDGE The second phase of the informal shrine 0may see -6 them rendered for seclusion, or communal space for the users of the surrounding clusters. Here the sites are turned into a contemplative space, and then a bath house. This continuous memorial-ism is supported by the invisible continuity of the Ise Shrine represents, and the hierarchy of memorials on site. The Shinto shrines will always remain, and always reflect the most significant monument. The section of housing clusters here represents the further option of cutting into the landscape and using the private space for contemplation.

WATER LEVEL

-35

UTILITIES

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__informal shirne variations

OPEN REALM

__informal shrine stage 03. bath house conversion

2ND. RESIDENTIAL

EDGE SHRINE

OPEN REALM

2ND. SECLUSION RESIDENTIAL INTERSTITIAL

INTERSTITIAL

SECLUSION

WATER LEVEL

UTILITIES POSSESSION LOCK 5

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POSSESSION LOCK MEMORIAL SITE

POSSESSION LOCK

__primary housing typology cut into landscape

scale 1.200 @a1

MASTER SECTION OFFSHORE FISHING _STAGE 03.INFRASTRUCTURE ANCHORED BACK

CLUSTER HOUSING

OCEAN SURFACE MOULDING TO OCEAN EDGE

CLUSTER HOUSING

03

ENCLOSURE SEPARATION

UTILITIES

WATER LEVEL

02 PARTIAL SEPARATION INTERSTITIAL FOOD

UTILITIES

01

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__ocean edge housing typology scheme context

01 03

01 02

02

03

SHINTO SHRINE SHINTO SHRINE

PUSH

IN BETWEEN SPACE SHIBITACHI EDGE

2ND. RESIDENTIAL

2ND. RESIDENTIAL

VOID

EXISTING RES.

EXISTING RES.

01

WATER LEVEL

02

UTILITIES

03

01

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__secondary housing typology stage 01. terracing using pilotis

VOID PUSH -6

-35

APARTMENT 01 0

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PUSH

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__secondary housing typology scheme IN BETWEEN SPACE

APARTMENT 02

VOID PUSH

WATER LEVEL

-25

__moduels on pilotis Using similar concepts to Kikutaki’s Sky House (1958), the secondary housing scheme uses a system of pilotis as the basis for terracing the COMPARTMENTS houses of the steeper slope in the evacuation point. The position is that even if the physical condition of the landscape is untouched here due to its height, the housing system can re aggregate over the 3 stages to incorporate more or less members of Shibitachi or neighbouring townships.

0 0 The house becomes a module to place within the foundation of the columns. . Again, the cut material is needed to stabilise the shared urban areas, creating a platform like public space in the heights of the peninsular.

2ND. RESIDEN

2ND. RESIDENTIAL

EDGE SHRINE

APARTMENT 03

APARTMENT 01

UTILIT

5

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APARTMENT 02

SERVICES

COMPARTMENTS

__secondary housing typology stage 01. terrace cut in using pilotis

__secondary housing typology flexible use APARTMENT 03

MASTER SECTION SECONDARY HOUSING STAGE 01 - 03

OFFSHORE FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE

CLUSTER HOUSING

OCEAN SURFACE MOULDING

CLUSTER HOUSING

UTILIT

WATER LEVEL SERVICES

UTILITIES 0

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__ Kikutake Kiyonori’s sky house (1958)

__secondary housing typology scheme context

90

OFF SHORE FISHING PRODUCTION KESENNUMA SHIBITACHI KOSABA TAJIRI HAJIKAMISEMUKAI SAICHI

_MASONRY COLUMNS CONCEPT Through Kikutakiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Sky House (1958) project, the further notion of using columns was applied to the ocean edge area, as a further anchoring system. Concentrated masonry columns could be placed at corners of each informal shrine site, where they are engineered in a way that they remain after a event of tsunami. If the buildings are removed, then the columns remain and set up an informal system of foundation for new housing. Using this method the township will always have the grid of the housing placement etched into the landscape. The columns may stand as a informal memorial themselves to the previous townships population, family and environmental volatility.

EXISTING RES.

EXISTING RES.

OFF SHORE FISHING PRODUCTION COOLING

WATER LEVEL

STORAGE

DROPOFF -6

-35

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__masonry columns concept before and after event

__OFFSHORE FISHING INDUSTRY

WATER LEVEL

-25

SAND BREAKS LOCATIONS

INSERT 01 _ 1.500 @A0

__diagrammatic section. masonry columns concept before and after event

MASTER SECTION _NEW GROUND THINKING

__offshore fishing infrastructure and townships supplied

OFFSHORE FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE

One consideration of the landscape as continuous can be displayed in the off shore fishing infrastructure, EDGE SHRINE which can be supported by columns due to the shallowness of the peninsular water level, or a floating system. It may act as the fishing industries preparation centre for each township, with each vessel passing through off loading a % of 0rotating stock 5for 0 storage in case of tsunami event.

The infrastructure can sit out away from the unbroken wave, allowing a self sufficient fishing operation after future events. It can supply the damaged townships immediately after disaster.

CLUSTER HOUSING

OCEAN SURFACE MOULDING

WATER LEVEL

UTILITIES 0

0

5

10

105

____early concept image

__secondary housing typology scheme context

15

MASTER SECTION_ INFORMAL SHRINE STAGE 02 107

MASTER SECTION_ informal SHRINE STAGE 03 109

ON SITE ENGAGEMENT (05) university of tokyo/tohoku/shibitachi

FEEDING FROM

STAGE 01 (FEBRUARY – JUNE):

-STRATEGY APPLICATION

(JUNE – JULY): ON SITE TESTING

STAGE 03 (JULY – NOVEMBER): -APPLICATION OF SCENARIOS Refinement of (2) speculation(s) and Methodology

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

-SPECULATIONS -APPLICATION OF SCENARIOS

STAGE 02

PROJECT B/ 2012

ON SITE ENGAGEMENT_ HISTORICAL COMPOSITION_ 1880_KUROKAWA PENINSULAR SOURCE_OTA LAB. UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO

113

_shibitachi ocean edge MID 20th Century image reference lab, university of tokyo

_shibitachi house reconstruction MID 20th Century image reference. lab, university of tokyo

_kurokawa peninsular, MID 20th Century image referenced lab. university of tokyo

ON SITE ENGAGEMENT_ HISTORICAL COMPOSITION

DAMAGE TO SHIBITACHI IN GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE 03/11 _IMAGE REFERENCE _OTA LAB. UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO

115

01.

02

03

04

05

SHIBITACHI

TOKYO

ON SITE ENGAGEMENT_ _FAULT LINE LIVING SHIBITACHI

TOKYO

SHIBITACHI

TOKYO

_PREFERRED SHIFT TO DE CENTRALISED STATE

SHIBITACHI

TOHOKU_ 1_KUROKAWA fishing community, Shibitachi. (image source OTA lab University of Tokyo 2_KUROKAWA fishing community, Shibitachi. (image source OTA lab University of Tokyo 3_ KESENNUMA damage 4_KESENNUMA damage 5_SHIBITACHI ocean edge damage

117

01.

02.

03.

04

05

06

ON SITE ENGAGEMENT _100 YEAR PLANNING

TOHOKU_ 1_ KUROKAWA, SHIBITACHI on site planning workshops 2_ KUROKAWA, SHIBITACHI on site planning workshops 3_ SHIBITACHI on site planning workshop 4_ SHIBITACHI_ SUKUKI SAN’s traditional Tohoku house. Storage pot and curved beams 5_ SHIBITACHI workshop and township presentations 6_ SHIBITACHI ocean edge damage

119

shibitachi composition with photo section locations. scale 1.1500 @a1

121

peninsular composition with photo section locations. scale 1.1500 @a1

123

NEW COMPOSITION (05) compression//relaxation//separation

FEEDING FROM

STAGE 01 (FEBRUARY – JUNE): -SPECULATIONS -APPLICATION OF SCENARIOS -STRATEGY APPLICATION

STAGE 02 (JUNE – JULY): ON SITE TESTING

STAGE 03 (JULY – NOVEMBER): -APPLICATION OF SCENARIOS Refinement of (2) speculation(s) and Methodology

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B / 2012

shibitachi composition _compression of site post site engagement

kurokawa peninsular _ collection points and food storage points.

Also displaying old ferry route to Kesennuma

NEW COMPOSITION _SITE EXTENSION + COMPRESSION

127

COMMUNITY AMENITY

OYSETR FARM

_relaxation shibitachi 10 years after inundation stage

OLD RIVER SYSTEM

1.2000@A1

_compression shibitachi during inundation stage

NEW COMPOSITION _COMPRESSION .RELAXATION. SEPARATION

_Luis Callejas_ MEDELLIN AQUATIC PARK _ inundation image

CRUMPLE ZONE

129

OYSETR FARM

1.2000@A1

MOBILE PORT

A

3.1ha 3.1ha

1.6ha 1.6ha

5.4ha

3.1ha

B

5.4ha 1.6ha

VEGETATION AREAS

5.4ha POTENTIAL FERTILE SOIL

HOUSES TO TRANSFER

1.500 C

13.6ha 13.6ha 13.6ha

4.15ha

D

4.15ha 1.500

1.3000 1.3000

4.15ha E

CRUMPLE ZONE

TRANSFER VEGETATION

1.3000

POTENTIAL FERTILE SOIL

1.500

F

1.500

G

1.500

H

1.250 1.500

1.250

NEW COMPOSITION HEIGHTENED STEEPNESS OF SHIBITACHI

I

1.250

1.250

131

EXTENDED SCENARIO (6) landscape ‘crumple zone’ + mobility

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B / 2012

LANDSLIDE ZONE 1890

STAGE 02 1933

STAGE 03 2012

STAGE 01 1890

LANDSLIDE ZONE 1890

STAGE 04 2050

RECREATION/PUBLIC AMENITY STAGE 01 1890

FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE

LANDSLIDE ZONE 1890

STAGE 05 2080

STAGE 02 1933

STAGE 02 1933

STAGE 03 2012

STAGE 03 2012

INFORMAL GRID STAGE 04 2050

STAGE 04 2050

VEGETATION PLOTS

STAGE 01 1890

LANDSLIDE ZONE 1890

STAGE 05 2080

STAGE 02 1933

FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE

STAGE 05 STAGE 03 2080

STAGE 01

2012

RIVERS//ROAD OUTLET RECREATION/PUBLIC AMENITY

STAGE 04 2050

STAGE 05 2080

_crumple zone over multiple cycles (tsunami era)

RIVERS//ROAD OUTLET

STAGE 02 STAGE 01

BATH HOUSE

RIVERS//ROAD OUTLET

EXTENSION 01_ STAGE 03 STAGE 01

STAGE 01

STAGE 02

_shift of ocean edge interpretation during cycle

_ocean edge test (event + 20)

STAGE 03 STAGE 02

CRUMPLE ZONE _NON SOLIDITY OF TERRITORY

_initial ocean edge living test over cycle STAGE 02

STAGE 03

01_

02__

03_

135

RIVER RE-INTRODUCTION

CRUMPLE ZONE

INSERT 02

CRUMPLE ZONE

NEW FERTILE GROUND

INSERT 01

COMPRESSION ZONE

PUBLIC REALM HUBS

OYSTER FARM

FISH PRODUCTION

_stage 03 cycle urban layout

PORT

OYSTER FARM

UNIHABITABLE ZONE

FISHING PORT MOBILITY

FERTILE GROUND IN CRUMPLE ZONE

TRANSITION AREA

CRUMPLE ZONE _SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION

137

_township of territory exchange

_crumple zone initial test (EVENT + 01)

_vegetation threshold test

_crumple zone initial test (EVENT + 1)

THRESHOLD

CRUMPLE ZONE _NEW GROUND THINKING

THRESHOLD

_crumple zone as transitional

_meiji shrine thresholds

139

_testing pivoting framework scale

_anchor testing greenhouse and reflective frame

_testing pivoting frameword detail

_anchor testing japanese radish greenhouse _ANCHOR TESTING

CRUMPLE ZONE _ANCHOR SYSTEM

_JAPAN PAVILION> VENICE BIENALLE 2012 Toyo Ito, Kumiko Inui, Sou Fujimoto and Akihisa Hirata

141

143

_EVENT plus 15. site extension (relaxation) into water.

145

_sections 1.500 @a0 manipulation of ocean edge over cycle

CRUMPLE ZONE _SURFACE RE MOULDING

_sections 1.1000 @a0 manipulation of township composition over cycle

SANAA> VENICE BIENALLE 2012 miyato jima reconstruction. image source_ designboom

147

01

_testing mobility of port infrastructure

01

02

_testing mobility of port infrastructure. folding port 02

02

02

02

02

_testing mobility of port infrastructure. folding port

_testing mobility of port infrastructure. location of informal fishing markets

SECTION LINE

CRUMPLE ZONE _MOBILITY OF FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE

LEGEND EVACUATION ROADS PROPOSED NEW RADIAL ROADS FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE THRESHOLD MOBILITY VAN PARKING PREVIOUS MAJOR TSUNAMI THRESHOLDS NEW HOUSING RECLAMATION AREAS RECLAMATION VEGETATION

_EARLY TRANSITION ZONE

_MOBILE FOOD RESOURCE

ATELIER BOW WOW_ LIMOUSINE YATAI 149

_testing mobility of port infrastructure. informal seaweed processing truck

151

_bathhouse as transition between township and water THRESHOLD 04 WASHING AREA

THRESHOLD 03 WASHING AREA

THRESHOLD 02 DRYING AREA

THRESHOLD 01_ CHANGING AREA

ENTRY/EXIT

PROCESS_ 1.CHANGE 2.STORE CLOTHES 3.WASH BODY BEFORE BATH 4.BATH 5. REPEAT WASH 6. DRY

_process of japanese social bathing

_bath house in context within crumple zone in transition

CRUMPLE ZONE _BATH HOUSE METAPHOR

_threshold_bathhouse _IMAGE REF: UNKNOWN

153

_03

4

_01

RATIO

38

SEPA N

SEPA RATIO SEPA

38

RATIO SEPA N

RATIO N

38

RATIO SEPA N

SEPA RATIO N

38

SEPA RATIO N

RATIO SEPA N

38

CON

TION

build back on edge

some remain build on edge

shift to above

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

build more on edge

RELAXATION

build back on edge

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

FUNCTIONING

shelter

pick all crops

N

_02

_03

_04

_05

TRAC

TRAC

HEAD COUNT

BEFORE EVENT

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

SEPA RATIO N SEPA

38

CON

SHIFT TO SECONDARY LIVING

UTILISATION OF FOOD STORAGE

RICE COOKING

38

38

38

38

38

TION TION

WATER COLLECTION FOR RICE

_STAGE 02_ EVENT +15 1.200@A1

EVENT EVENT

EVENT EVENT EVENT EVENT

TION TION TRAC TION TION TION

TRAC TRAC TION TION TION

CON TRAC TRAC TRAC

EVENT EVENT

CON CON CON

CON CON TRAC TRAC TRAC

EVENT EVENT EVENT

CON CON CON

_05_SITE EXTENSION

_05_community amenity_

_04_ESTABLISMENT OF SLOW CYCLE VEG_

_03_HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE

_02_fishing infrastructure

_01_ fishing / oyster infrastructure_

155 RATIO SEPA N

N

RATIO

_STAGE 02_ EVENT +15 1.200@A1

157

_STAGE 02_ EVENT +17 1.100@A1

159

LAND OWNERSHIP PARADIGM (6) sub title 01

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B/ 2012

PRIVATE

PRIVATE LAND

STATE OWNED

STATE OWNED

PRIOR MEJI ERA 1872

_japan land ownership prior edo period

MEJI ERA JAPANESE LAND TAX REFORM_ 1873

private owned secondary ownership TOWNSHIP OWNED

township owned

TAXABLE PRIVATE LAND STATE OWNED

_japan dual land ownership proposal (heisei 25 period) HEISEI PERIOD 25_ SPLIT OWNERSHIP PERIOD

PRIVATE LAND STATE OWNED MEJI ERA JAPANESE LAND TAX REFORM_ 1873

_japan land ownership meji era 1872 TOWNSHIP OWNED TAXABLE PRIVATE LAND STATE OWNED

HEISEI PERIOD 25_ SPLIT OWNERSHIP PERIOD

LAND OWNERSHIP PARADIGM

_new land ownership paradigm testing. shifting territories with new aligning.

163

THIS PAGE HAS INTENTIONALLY BEEN LEFT BLANK

THIS PAGE HAS INTENTIONALLY BEEN LEFT BLANK

LAND OWNERSHIP PARADIGM

165

SCRIPTING THE Strategy (7) RESILIENCE THROUGH INUNDATION

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B / 2012

UTILISATION OF EVAC ROADS TO EVAC POINTS HEAD COUNT

SHIFT TO SECONDARY LIVING

UTILISATION OF FOOD STORAGE

WATER COLLECTION FOR RICE

RICE COOKING _01

_04

_02

_02

_05

_03

FUNCTIONING

_03

_05

_03

_03

_05

_03

_03

_03

CURRENT SYSTEMS

0

1

2

3

4

PENINSULAR WIDE

CONTRACTION

PENINSULAR EVAC POINTS (IF NEEDED)

PENINSULAR FOOD RESOURCING

1.5 DAY SCALE

WATER / SANITATION

MOUNTAIN CHANNELLING /WATER STORING

FLOUR STORAGE

SITES OF FOOD RESOURCE

EVACUATION POINTS EVACUATION ROADS

EVACUATION SECONDARY RESIDENTIAL BUILD DEBRIS CLEARING

LAND OWNERSHIP

ESTABLISH TOWN LAYOUT BASED ON OCEAN EDGE PREFERENCE

_02

_03

_03

_04

RELAXATION

_05

NEW NETWORK OF SLOW CYCLE VEGETATION PLOTS

_01 _01

_02

_03 _04

0

_06

10

20

30

40

_05

SITE EXTENSION

_03

PENINSULAR LINKS

_04

PUBLIC AMENITY

CONTRACTION _02

ESTABLISHMENT OF FAST CYCLE FOOD RESOURCES

HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE

FISHING FLEET INFRASTRUCTURE _01

_building fishing infrastructure OYSTER FARMING INFRASTRUCTURE HIROSHIMA HELP

1.10 YEAR SCALE

PANELS OF HOUSE

FIX SLAB AND REMAINING FRAME

SCRIPTING OF STRATEGY _EVENT TIME LINE

DEBRIS CLEARED FROM SITE

BEDROOMS FOR G2

G2 _02

REMAINING HOUSE _01 _03

_04

_05

2

4

6

_02

8

10

12

_03

_01

1.5 MONTH SCALE CONTRACTION

G1 LOCK STORAGE

VEGETATION SWAP

GROUND PREPARATION

169

HEAD COUNT

FUNCTIONING

BEFORE EVENT

SHIFT TO SECONDARY LIVING

CON TRAC TION

RATIO N

CON TRAC TION

N RATIO

SEPA

WATER COLLECTION FOR RICE

EVENT

SEPA

EVENT

UTILISATION OF FOOD STORAGE

RICE COOKING

38 38

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

_01_ fishing / oyster infrastructure_

EVENT

CON TRAC TION

TRAC TION

shift to above some remain build on edge

CON

N

shelter

RATIO SEPA

N RATIO SEPA

EVENT

_01

_03

38 38

RELAXATION build back on edge

RELAXATION

_02_fishing infrastructure

38

RELAXATION

build more on edge

_03_HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE

CON TRAC TION TION

EVENT

38

RELAXATION

38

_01

RELAXATION

_water management state 01.

BEFORE EVENT re introduce river system

FUNCTIONING

_01_ fishing / oyster infrastructure_ _04_ESTABLISMENT OF SLOW CYCLE VEG_

TION

EVENT

TRAC

EVENT

TION TRAC

EVENT

CON

TION

TION

EVENT

TION TRAC CON

EVENT

some remain build on edge

TRAC

build back on edge

CON

TRAC

TION

N

N

RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

TRAC

pick all crops

TION

EVENT

_03

shift to above

CON

_03

N

_03

shelter

RATIO SEPA

_05_community amenity_ _05

_03

CON

TION TRAC

38

RELAXATION

N

_03

build back on edge

RELAXATION

RATIO SEPA

_03

38

_05

RATIO

_03

_05

_01

RELAXATION

_02_fishing infrastructure

SEPA

4

_05

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

_01_ fishing / oyster infrastructure_

CON

EVENT

N

RATIO

N

RATIO SEPA

_02

38 38

RELAXATION

_02 _02

some remain build on edge

38

38

_04

shift to above

CON

TION TRAC

EVENT

CON

SEPA

_03

N

N

N

shelter

RATIO SEPA

N

RATIO SEPA

RICE COOKING _01

RATIO

SEPA

RATIO

SEPA

_04

WATER COLLECTION FOR RICE

38

38

TION TION

EVENT

build back on edge

TION TRAC CON

CON

TRAC

_05_SITE EXTENSION

CON

N

TRAC

TION

RATIO SEPA

N

RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

EVENT

N

N

RATIO SEPA

RELAXATION

TRAC

pick all crops

38

TION

EVENT

_03_HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE

_03

4

CON

3

_02_fishing infrastructure

RELAXATION

RATIO

2

build back on edge

_02

build more on edge

SEPA

1

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

CON

N

RATIO

38

TRAC

SEPA

EVENT

38

0

_water management state 01. water collection

TION

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

TRAC

38 38

UTILISATION OF FOOD STORAGE

EVENT

SHIFT TO SECONDARY LIVING

CON TRAC

EVENT

CON TRAC TION TION CON TRAC

SEPA

N RATIO SEPA

N RATIO

RATIO

HEAD COUNT

RICE COOKING

N RATIO

N

SEPA

EVENT

SEPA

EVENT

_03

WATER COLLECTION FOR RICE

CON

UTILISATION OF FOOD STORAGE

RELAXATION

TRAC

N

38

CON

RATIO

EVENT

SEPA

CON TRAC TION

build back on edge

FUNCTIONING

BEFORE EVENT

SHIFT TO SECONDARY LIVING

N RATIO

pick all crops

HEAD COUNT

CON TRAC TION

SEPA

4

EVENT

_02

38 38

38

38

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

RELAXATION build more on edge

RELAXATION

_03_HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE

_03

_04_ESTABLISMENT OF SLOW CYCLE VEG_

TION TRAC

PRIOR MEJI ERA 1872

CON

N

RATIO SEPA

EVENT

TION

EVENT

TRAC

CON

N

RATIO

SWITCHING peninsular

TRAC

TION

EVENT

N

shelter

TRAC

TION

EVENT

CON

TION TRAC CON

STATE OWNED

_shibitachi evacuation roads and exits 38

MEJI ERA JAPANESE LAND TAX REFORM_ 1873

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

_04_ESTABLISMENT OF SLOW CYCLE VEG_

_04

RELAXATION

CON

RELAXATION

RATIO

SEPA

38

PRIVATE LAND

evacuation roads and exits 38

38

N

SEPA

STATE OWNED

RATIO SEPA

N

RATIO

SEPA

PRIVATE

_shibitachi composition prior 03/11

EVENT

_04

shift to above some remain build on edge

RELAXATION build out from edge

N

EVENT

RATIO SEPA

38

TION TRAC CON

CON TRAC TION

N

RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

_05_community amenity_ _05

debris clearing

TRAC

TION

38

RELAXATION

CON

N

RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

SHIFT TO SECONDARY_

38

RELAXATION

_05_community amenity_ _05

CON TRAC TION

N

RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

38 shelter

RELAXATION

shift to above some remain build on edge

N

RATIO

CON TRAC TION

SEPA

HEAD COUNT

_evacuation strategy script.

1. 5 day scale

40

EVENT

_05_SITE EXTENSION UTILISATION OF EVAC ROADS TO EVAC POINTS

38

RELAXATION build back on edge

establishment of new town layout_ SHIFT TO SECONDARY LIVING

38

RELAXATION

UTILISATION OF FOOD STORAGE

_05_SITE EXTENSION

WATER COLLECTION FOR RICE

TION

TRAC

EVENT

CON

N

shelter

RATIO SEPA

SWITCHING shift to above

some remain build on edge

RICE COOKING

TION TRAC

38

CON

N

RATIO

SEPA

shelter

EVENT

_01

shift to above RELAXATION some remain build on edge

build back on edge

_SLOW CYCLE VEG (GREENHOUSE)

_04

_05

38 _03

FUNCTIONING

_03

_03

_03

SWITCHING

_05

_03

_03

RELAXATION build out from edge

debris clearing

_03

SHIFT TO SECONDARY_

TAXABLE PRIVATE LAND N

CURRENT SYSTEMS

shelter

RATIO

STATE OWNED

SEPA

RELAXATION

UT CE

TOWNSHIP OWNED

TION

_05

TRAC

_02

EVENT

SCRIPTING OF STRATEGY _INITIAL OPERATIONS

_02

CON

N

shift to above some remain build on edge

_land ownership introduction

N

shelter

TION

4

TRAC

3

CON

2

RATIO

1

SEPA

0

OTS

EVENT

HEISEI PERIOD 25_ SPLIT OWNERSHIP PERIOD 38

shift to above

RELAXATION build out from edge

some remain build on edge

debris clearing

PENINSULAR WIDE

SHIFT TO SECONDARY_

38

RELAXATION build back on edge

establishment of new town layout_

40

TION TRAC

EVENT

CON

PENINSULAR EVAC POINTS (IF NEEDED)

40

TION TRAC CON

N

N

30

RATIO

SEPA

shelter

20

RATIO

SEPA

shelter

EVENT

CONTRACTION shift to above some remain build on edge

38

shift to above

RELAXATION build back on edge

some remain build on edge

establishment of new town layout_

171 PENINSULAR FOOD RESOURCING

38

RELAXATION build back on edge

N

TION TRAC CON

RATIO SEPA

shelter

EVENT

_SLOW CYCLE VEG (GREENHOUSE)

1.5 DAY SCALE

AME

XTENSION

shift to above some remain build on edge

PENINSULAR LINKS

C AMENITY 38

RELAXATION build back on edge

EV

CON TRA

N RATIO

_01_ fishing / oyster infrastructure_

_01

UTILISATION OF EVAC ROADS TO EVAC POINTS

GROUND38

CON TRAC TION

RACTI

ON

EVENT

ON CONT RACTI

ON

EVENT

ON

RACTI

RACTI CONT

RELAXATION build back on edge

RELAXATION

_02_fishing infrastructure

some remain build on edge

ON

RACTI

ON

EVENT

RELAXATION

build back on edge

CONT

pick all crops

RACTI

build out from edge

CONT

38

FLOOR 01

EVENT

BED

TION

EVENT

CON TRAC

CON TRAC TION

EVENT

CON TRAC TION

EVENT

some remain build on edge

38

_03_HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE

38 shift to above

ATION SEPAR

EVENT

some remain build on edge

_02

ATION SEPAR

CON TRAC TION

shelter

N RATIO SEPA

shift to above

some remain build on edge

N RATIO

_03

BATH

TEA

shift to above

N RATIO

shelter

SEPA

N

N RATIO

N RATIO SEPA

shelter

SEPA

4

RATIO SEPA

3

shift to above

build more on edge

SEPA

VOID

CURRENT SYSTEMS

2

shelter

RELAXATION

EVENT

_01_ fishing / oyster infrastructure_

1

EVENT

38 RELAXATION

_01

0

EVENT

FOOD

EVENT

LIVING

GROUP THINK IN BETWEEN SPACE

ON

PENINSULAR WIDE

CONT

EVENT

CON TRAC TION

TRAC TION CON

SWITCHING

BATH

01

SHARED SPACE SHIFT TO SECONDARY_

CONT

build out from edge

RELAXATION

TION

38

RELAXATION

EVENT

RELAXATION

38

_03

EVENT

_03

_01_ fishing / oyster infrastructure_

CON TRAC

_03

CON TRAC TION

EVENT

CON TRAC TION

38

_05

_03

BED

_01

ATION SEPAR

_03

VOID

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

build back on edge

ATION SEPAR

FUNCTIONING

_03

N

FOOD

debris clearing _03

pick all crops

N RATIO

EVENT

02 PATIAL SEPARATION

RATIO

CON TRAC TION

38

some remain build on edge

SEPA

_05

N RATIO

N

_05

38

shift to above

SEPA

SEPA

RATIO

_02

_02_fishing infrastructure

_02

TO CELLAR

N RATIO

SEPA

_02

ATION

SEPA

shelter

4

build back on edge

RELAXATION

ENCLOSURE

_01

_04

38 38

03

FUNCTIONING

RELAXATION

ATION

RICE COOKING

3

BEFORE EVENT_05_SITE EXTENSION

SEPAR

WATER COLLECTION FOR RICE

BEFORE EVENT

some remain build on edge

SEPAR

SWITCHING FUNCTIONING

RELAXATION shift to above

CON TRAC TION

UTILISATION OF FOOD STORAGE

2

38

SHIFT TO SECONDARY LIVING

_03

EVENT

_03

CON TRAC TION

_03

N

_03

shelter

RATIO SEPA

_03

_05

N RATIO SEPA

_05

EVENT

HEAD COUNT

05

debris clearing SHIFT TO SECONDARY_ 38

38

build back on edge

38

_02_fishing infrastructure establishment of new town layout_

RELAXATION

EVENT

ON

EVENT

RACTI

_04_ESTABLISMENT OF SLOW CYCLE VEG_

ATION

ON

_shift to secondary housing

ON RACTI CONT

ATION SEPAR

RELAXATION

TION TRAC CON

TION

EVENT

_05_community amenity_ _05

_04_ESTABLISMENT OF SLOW CYCLE VEG_ 38

RELAXATION

_SLOW CYCLE VEG (GREENHOUSE)

build back on edge

38

RELAXATION

TRAC

TION

_02_fishing infrastructure

CON

N

RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

ON

_05_SITE EXTENSION

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

TRAC

_05_SITE EXTENSION

N

N

RELAXATION build back on edge

TION TRAC

38

CON

RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

TION

38

TRAC

pick all crops

EVENT

RATIO SEPA

SITES OF FOOD RESOURCE

CON

N

CON

RATIO SEPA

_02

TION

RACTI

ATION SEPAR

38

RELAXATION

EVENT

build back on edge

38

CONT

some remain build on edge

_04

38

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

some remain build on edge

CON

TRAC

RELAXATION

EVENT

TION

EVENT

CON TRAC TION TRAC

shift to above

CON

TION

shelter

N

EVENT

EVENT

N

RATIO SEPA

RELAXATION

N

38

RATIO SEPA

N

RATIO SEPA

38

38 shift to above

TRAC

CON

38

_01_ fishing / oyster infrastructure_ RATIO

_01

SEPA

N

RATIO

N RATIO SEPA

SEPA

TRAC TION

RELAXATION

shelter

EVENT

EVENT

SEPAR

_05_community amenity_

RACTI

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

build back on edge

_05

RELAXATION

_04

establishment of new town layout_

RELAXATION

EVENT

EVENT

38 38

_03_HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE 38

CONT

ON

CONT RACTI

EVENT

EVENT

TO CELLAR

EVENT

CON TRAC TION

build back on edge

CONT

EVENT

CON TRAC TION

38

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

CON

N

EVENT

38

38

some remain build on edge

_SLOW CYCLE VEG (GREENHOUSE)

EVACUATION POINTS

some remain build on edge

build more on edge

CON TRAC TION

N RATIO

EVENT

SEPA

RATIO

CON TRAC TION

CON TRAC TION

CON TRAC TION

EVENT

CON TRAC TION

EVENT

N RATIO

GROUND

shift to above

RELAXATION

38

WATER / SANITATION

_03_HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE

ATION SEPAR

N RATIO

shift to above

ATION SEPAR

SEPA

LIVING N RATIO SEPA

SEPA

SEPA

RELAXATION

shelter

build back on edge

38

_03

38

BATH

N RATIO

N RATIO

N RATIO

38

build more on edge

RELAXATION

_04_ESTABLISMENT OF SLOW CYCLE VEG_

BED

VOID

SEPA

SEPA

SEPA

shelter

40

RELAXATION

_03

FUNCTIONING

BEFORE EVENT

PENINSULAR FOOD RESOURCING

30

38

_04

pick all crops

1.5 DAY SCALE

38

build back on edgeRELAXATION

_02

PENINSULAR EVAC POINTS (IF NEEDED)

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

38

RELAXATION

CON TRAC TION

38

CONTRACTION

RELAXATION

_05_community amenity_

EVACUATION ROADS

_05 38

EVACUATION

SWITCHING

RELAXATION

DEBRIS CLEARING

TION TRAC

_05_SITE EXTENSION _04_ESTABLISMENT OF SLOW CYCLE VEG_

_establishment of slow cycle vegetation areas

TION TRAC

EVENT

CON

build back on edge

establishment of new town layout_

shelter

TION

EVENT

TRAC

RELAXATION

_01_ fishing / oyster infrastructure_

38

build out from edge

EVENT

CON TRAC TION

TION TRAC

_05

38

38

38

_SLOW CYCLE VEG (GREENHOUSE)

RELAXATION

12

10

_02

N

shelter

TION

_02_fishing infrastructure

8

shift to above

TRAC

6

RATIO

4

SEPA

2

build back on edge

build back on edge

EVENT

_01

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

some remain build on edge

CON

G1

38

some remain build on edge

RELAXATION

_05_SITE EXTENSION

FISHING FLEET INFRASTRUCTURE

build back on edge

shift to above

SHIFT TO SECONDARY_

some remain build on edge

CON

N

EVENT

shift to above

N

N

shelter

RATIO SEPA

RATIO SEPA

HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE

RATIO

shelter

TRAC TION

RELAXATION

debris clearing _03

RELAXATION

_SLOW CYCLE VEG (GREENHOUSE)

38

EVENT

_04

SEPA

_03

CON

N

RATIO

_01

ESTABLISHMENT OF FAST CYCLE FOOD RESOURCES

CON TRAC TION

SEPA

12

10

_02

EVENT

REMAINING HOUSE

_01

8

some remain build on edge

some remain build on edge

_02

CONTRACTION 6

shift to above

shift to above

CON

38

N

38

RELAXATION

RATIO

PUBLIC AMENITY

_02

RELAXATION

shelter

G2

PENINSULAR LINKS

ON

TION

EVENT

TRAC

38

_05

_04

build back on edge

establishment of new town layout_

EVENT

TRAC

TION

EVENT

CON

TION TRAC

EVENT

SITE EXTENSION

RELAXATION

some remain build on edge

_05_community amenity_

BEDROOMS FOR G2

SEPA

_03

SWITCHING

RELAXATION

some remain build on edge

38

shift to above

ATION SEPAR

40

38

38

shift to above

RELAXATION

CON

N

30

_05

N

RATIO

SEPA

_05

RATIO

SEPA

_04

CON

TION

TRAC CON

40

DEBRIS CLEARED FROM SITE _03

N

shelter

RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

N

RATIO

30

REMAINING HOUSE

SEPA

N

20

RATIO SEPA

10

_06

_shibitachi composition EVENT + 10

FUNCTIONING

BEFORE EVENT

0

ATION SEPAR

shelter

ON

_04

EVENT

SHIFT TO SECONDARY_

BEDROOMS FOR G2

FIX SLAB AND REMAINING FRAME

EVENT

_establish fast cycle vegetation areas for greenhouses Event + 1 debris clearing

_04

G2

SHIFT TO SECONDARY_

build out from edge

CONT RACTI

RELAXATION

_03

_02

build out from edge

debris clearing

38

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

CONT RACTI ON

38

PANELS OF HOUSE

CONT RACTI

TRAC

TION

EVENT

CON

TION

EVENT

TRAC

38

RELAXATION

38

_02

some remain build on edge

some remain build on edge

CON

38

NEW NETWORK OF SLOW CYCLE VEGETATION PLOTS

_01 _01

shift to above

shift to above

CON

TRAC

TION

EVENT

shelter

ATION SEPAR

N

shelter

RATIO

SEPA

N

N

_04

RATIO SEPA

_05

RATIO

_03

SEPA

_03

N

RELAXATION

ESTABLISH TOWN LAYOUT BASED ON OCEAN EDGE PREFERENCE

_02

RATIO

SEPA

LAND OWNERSHIP

SWITCHING

_03_HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE

_03

EVENT

38

build more on edge

CON

SECONDARY RESIDENTIAL BUILD

RELAXATION

LOCK STORAGE _02

TION TRAC CON

TION

build back on edge

38

_left over area for public amenity

SWITCHING

RELAXATION build more on edge

RELAXATION

establishment of houses to remain

TION

TION

TRAC

TRAC

some remain some remain build on edge build on edge

N

TION

TRAC

CON

N

EVENT

shift to above shift to above

VEGETATION SWAP

CON

TION

N

RATIO SEPA

RATIO

SEPA

TRAC

N

RATIO

RATIO

shelter shelter

FIX SLAB AND REMAINING FRAME

SEPA

SEPA

PANELS OF HOUSE

CON

_03

1.10 YEAR SCALE

EVENT EVENT

LOCK _03_HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITESTORAGE

CON

38

EVENT

RELAXATION

TRAC

EVENT

38

establishment of new town layout_

G1

HIROSHIMA HELP GROUND PREPARATION

build back on edge

CON

N

CONTRACTION

pick all crops

N

RATIO SEPA

VEGETATION SWAP

RATIO

SEPA

_01

OYSTER FARMING INFRASTRUCTURE 1.5 MONTH SCALE

EVENT

_03

DEBRIS CLEARED FROM SITE

3838

SCRIPTING OF STRATEGY _STAGE 03 SCALE

38

38

RELAXATION

RELAXATION RELAXATION build back on edge build out from edge

_SLOW debrisCYCLE clearingVEG (GREENHOUSE)

GROUND PREPARATION RELAXATION

BEDROOMS FOR G2

SHIFT TO SECONDARY_

_04_ESTABLISMENT OF SLOW CYCLE VEG_

G2

_04 _02

REMAINING HOUSE _01

TION TRAC

EVENT

shift to above

_05

some remain build on edge

CON

TRAC

TION

N

shelter

CON

TION TRAC CON

N

N

RATIO SEPA

EVENT

_04 RATIO SEPA

RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

_03

PANELS OF HOUSE

FIX SLAB AND REMAINING FRAME 38

DEBRIS CLEARED FROM SITE

38

RELAXATION

38

2

RELAXATION

4

6

RELAXATION build back on edge

8

10

establishment of new town layout_

12

_05_community amenity_ _02

_05

TION TRAC

EVENT

shelter

N

REMAINING HOUSE

CON

TION TRAC CON

EVENT

G1 RATIO SEPA

N

RATIO

_02

SEPA

CONTRACTION

_building back on site

BEDROOMS FOR G2

_01

1.5 MONTH SCALE

G2

_03

shift to above some remain build on edge

LOCK STORAGE

_01 _03

_04

38

RELAXATION

38

_05

RELAXATION

VEGETATION SWAP

build back on edge

_SLOW CYCLE VEG (GREENHOUSE) _05_SITE EXTENSION GROUND PREPARATION

2

4

6

_02

_01

8

_03

10

12

173

EVENT

CONT RACT ION

N RATIO

N RATIO

EVENT

SEPA

SEPA

CONT RACT ION

FUNCTIONING

BEFORE EVENT

38 38

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

_01_ fishing / oyster infrastructure_ _01

EVENT

CONT RACT ION

EVENT

shelter

N RATIO SEPA

N RATIO SEPA

CONT RACT ION

_building of oyster infrastructure

shift to above some remain build on edge

38 38

RELAXATION build back on edge

RELAXATION

_02_fishing infrastructure

N RATIO SEPA

CONT RACT ION

EVENT

_area of crumple zone to use for fishing industry rebuild

build back on edge

38 38

RELAXATION build more on edge

RELAXATION

_03_HOUSES BUILT BACK ON SITE

CTION CONT RA

ION RACT CONT

N RATIO

N RATIO SEPA

SEPA

EVENT

_03

EVENT

_fishing industry stage 02

CONT RACT ION

N RATIO SEPA

pick all crops

EVENT

_building _02 of fishing infrastructure

38

38

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

_04_ESTABLISMENT OF SLOW CYCLE VEG_

ION RACT CONT

ION RACT CONT

N RATIO SEPA

EVENT

N RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

_04

38 38

RELAXATION

RELAXATION

_05_community amenity_

ION CONT RACT

N RATIO

SEPA

EVENT

_05

38

RELAXATION

_05_SITE EXTENSION

_inside the boat rebuilding locks

_area of crumple zone to use for fishing industry rebuild

SCRIPTING OF STRATEGY _FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE AT STAGE 01

RACT ION CONT

N RATIO

SEPA

shelter

EVENT

SWITCHING shift to above some remain build on edge

175 38

RELAXATION build out from edge

debris clearing SHIFT TO SECONDARY_

THIS PAGE HAS INTENTIONALLY BEEN LEFT BLANK

THIS PAGE HAS INTENTIONALLY BEEN LEFT BLANK

SCRIPTING OF STRATEGY _FISHING INFRASTRUCTURE AT STAGE 01

177

PROJECT ‘B’ PROJECTION (7) refining the script (04)

(04)

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B/ 2012

PROJECT B PROJECTION Moving forward into Project ‘B’, I continue to engage with stage 03 of the research. The aim is to develop an initiating of the territory exchanging system continued through time lines for each typology. The aim is to have each typology of fishing infrastructure, slow and fast cycle vegetation, public amenity, housing and rebuilding rerecorded and testing. Ultimately, the testing of topography will continue to be modelled physically, showing the shift in surface required throughout the cycle.

Further to this, i aim to test the housing possibilities and urban conditions offered through the cycle, and specifically around the crumple zone, and new clusters towards the highest parts of Shibitachi. Through this it may lend to housing scenarios determined by landscape architecture notions and conditions, as well as what happens when you design townships around the acceptance of water inundation.

Part B outcomes_

_ Develop the strategy scripting as a way to test versions for various Tsunami outcomes _ Test the topography alternations during each cycle through physical model. _ Develop the understanding that landscape architecture acts to negotiate environmental trauma through this cycle

FEEDING FROM

STAGE 01 (FEBRUARY – JUNE): -SPECULATIONS -APPLICATION OF SCENARIOS -STRATEGY APPLICATION

__shibitachi existing model. 1.1000@a0

STAGE 02 (JUNE – JULY): ON SITE TESTING

STAGE 03 (JULY – NOVEMBER): -APPLICATION OF SCENARIOS Refinement of (2) speculation(s) and Methodology

181

_alterations to topography based on water holding facility

UTILISATION OF EVAC ROADS TO EVAC POINTS HEAD COUNT

SHIFT TO SECONDARY LIVING

BEFORE EVENT

N

TION TRAC CON

RATIO

SEPA

WATER COLLECTION FOR RICE

EVENT

UTILISATION OF FOOD STORAGE

RICE COOKING _01

38

RELAXATION

_01

_05

N

FUNCTIONING

_03

_03

_03

_03

_03

TION

_05

RATIO SEPA

_05

_03

TRAC

_02

CON

_02

EVENT

_04

_03

38

RELAXATION

_02

CURRENT SYSTEMS

4 RATIO

SEPA N

PROJECT B PROJECTION _ALTERATION OF TOPOGRAPHY TO PROJECT STAGE

TION

3

TRAC

2

EVENT

1

CON

0

_change in topography from current to new design

PENINSULAR WIDE

38

RELAXATION

CONTRACTION

TION TRAC CON

N

RATIO SEPA

EVENT

_03

PENINSULAR EVAC POINTS (IF NEEDED)

38

RELAXATION

PENINSULAR FOOD RESOURCING

_04

38

TION TRAC CON

N

RATIO SEPA

EVENT

1.5 DAY SCALE 183 RELAXATION

_05

_building of before /after topography models

PROJECT B PROJECTION _ALTERED TOPOGRAPHY MODELS.

_model testing vacuum forming moulds of existing terrain.

185

REFERENCES + BIBLIOGRAPHY (08) case study shibitachi

Bertram, N., Murray, S., Neustupny, M. (2003). By Product Tokyo. Rmit University Press, Melbourne Bow Wow, A. (2006). From Post Bublble CIty. INAX, Shuppan Daskalakis, G., Waldheim, C., & Young, J. (2001). Stalking Detroit. ACTAR, Barcelona Dimmer, C. (2011). Letter from Tokyo. Architecture Review Australia. Vol 123, pp 70- 74 Fujimoto, S. (2008). Primitave Furture. INAX, Shuppan Hight, C, & Robinson, M. (2010). Figures in the sand. Architectural Design. Vol 80 issue 5 Koolhaas, R, & Obrist, H.U. (2011). Project Japan: Metabolism Talks. OMA/AMO/Taschen, Spain Kitayama, K, Tsukamoto, Y, Nishizawa, R (2010). Tokyo Metabolizing. Toto Publishing, Tokyo Lin, J. (2010). Kenzo Tange and the Metabolist movement urban utopias of modern Japan. Hoboken,

Taylor & Francis. London Lin, Z. (2007). Urban Structures for the expanding metropolis. Journal of Architecture and Planning Research. 24 p 109 Lahoud, A. (2010). Post Traumatic Urbanism. Architectural Design. Vol 80 issue 5 Plagge, U. (2011). Post traumatic stress management. TOPOS. Vol 76, pp 40- 45 Mitani, H. (2011). Dreaming of the future: Rising from crisis. TOPOS. Vol 76, pp 77

Ohno, H (2001). The Landscape of Daily Life in Japan: Present and Future.” In Japan.

Towards Totalscape, edited by Moriko Kira and Mariko Terada. NAI Publishers.

Shinozawa, K, & Tanabe, Y. (2011). Notion, landform, history. TOPOS. Vol 76, pp 79 Slater, D. (2012). Small Spaces of Evacuation. Small Tokyo, Flick studio, pp 35- 40 Takahashi, S, & Tanabe, Y. (2011). Hints for the future: the kiwa (edge) of design. TOPOS. Vol 76, pp 80- 81 Weller, P. (2009). Boom Town 2050: Scenarios for a rapidly growing city. University of Western Australia, WA Worrall, J., Solomon, EG. (2010). 21st Century Tokyo. Kodansha International, Japan.

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

Neustein, D. (2011) ‘Resilient’: The evolving terminology of ecological development.

Architecture Review Australia. Vol 123, pp 40- 44

PROJECT B / 2012

CASE STUDY SHIBITACHI FAULT LINE LIVING

BENJAMIN KRONENBERG

PROJECT B / 2012