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Emmaline Clare Bowman s3195933

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For you Grandad and Nana; <RXU SDVVLRQV DQG GHWHUPLQDWLRQ WR DFKLHYH KDV LQﾃ々HQFHG DQG VKDSHG PH WR be the person I am today, Thank-you, miss you.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Design Diagram Research question Abstract 'HÀQLWLRQV 10-15 Introduction 16-25 Hierarchy 28-33

Research Question Progression 34-35 Ecologies 36-37 Animal Selection 38-41 Housing 42-45 Animal locations

History Precedents Hierarchy diagram Follies Cohabitation

Blue banded bee White’s Skink Bush Rat Micro-bats

Design Phase 1 48-57 Microbat Creating Form Research Question Progression Breaking Boundaries The ‘Other’

58-65 66-69 70-71 76-77 78-79

Final Microbat Designs 80-124

Introducing the natives Site Generated Designs Biological control Site Locations Small Scale Iterations Interactive Bat Wall Bat House Interactive Seat Display Bat Walk

Blue Banded Bee 126-133 Nesting Types Surrounding Habitat Requirements 134-139 Pollination Planting Requirements Plant types Research Questions Progression 140-141

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Housing Types 142-143 Landmarks 144-145 Site Analysis 146-157 Site Locations Ecology Diagram Historic Buildings Site Ecologies User Analysis Designing for Blue Banded Bee 158-185 Advertising Insect Advertising Bug House Billboard Landmarks Insect Cavity Residential Future Conclusion; Progression Design Diagram Bibliography

186-187 188-189 190-191 192-193

ANIMopoly

DESIGN DIAGRAM Through the use of this diagram I was able to calculate the connections between thought processors. It enabled a set of hierarchies that has formed my argument towards the body of work I have produce throughout this year. It has also outlined areas and avenues to research and design for.

Biophillia Zoo Vs Ooz Animals Vs Humans Evolution/ Adaption Precedents Cultures Ecologies Animals (variations) Hyper Senses Other Environment

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Biophillia Zoo Vs Ooz Animals Vs Humans Evolution/ Adaption Precedents Cultures Ecologies Animals (variations) Hyper Senses Other Environment

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DESIGN DIAGRAM

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“Animals, who exhibit life in highly concentrated and diverse forms, have the power to completely alter our way of thinking about ourselves, both the form of ourselves and the forms we make, live in and respond to. But imagining a paradigm shift in architecture in ZKLFK DQLPDO OLIH ZRXOG SOD\ D SDUW LV DQ H[WUHPHO\ GLIÀFXOW WDVN µ ,QJUDKDP

Catherine Ingraham 2006. Architecture, animal, huma,; The asymmetrical Condition. Routledge ISBN 0-415-70106-6

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RESEARCH QUESTION How can I create an intrinsic cohabitation of species in Melbourne’s urban environment to develop an awareness and practice of cohabitation of humans and our non human ‘others’? Sep 10th, 2012

RESEARCH QUESTION

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ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT ANIMopoly ‘Designing environments for cross specie inhabitancy’ This research follows an investigation of how people and native animals can co exist within urban environments. The intention is to explore the nexus between humans and our surrounding ‘others’ and to suggest positive ways of living with nonhuman native animals within our urban environments. Within our urban environments we can see an array of highly adaptive animal species. Some of these animals like the common rock pigeon, brown sparrow and Norwegian rat have been introduced and have had hundreds of years to evolve and adapt to the urban environments from their native land. There are similarly some instances of native animals adapting to Australian cities and residential areas, such as micro bats, Blue Banded Bees, Brushtail possums, White’s skink and the Eastern Blue Tongued Lizard, all of which occurred within a relatively short space of time. These animals are inhabiting the urban environment because of habitat loss or possibly because our cities are becoming more viable for them. These urban ecologies, as described in David Gissen’s book “Subnatureâ€? are natures we have produced through the production of the built environment. $QLPDO LQĂ€OWUDWLRQ LQWR FLWLHV JHQHUDOO\ RFFXUV ZLWKRXW EHLQJ QRWLFHG E\ SHRSOH or they have simply been consistent residents themselves since European settlePHQW :KHQ SHRSOH EHFRPH DZDUH RI WKH ZLOGOLIH DURXQG WKHP FRQĂ LFWV RIWHQ automatically arise. Wild city animals are generally regarded as an annoyance or threat. But what if we change that? If we were able to alter parts of the urban environment to cater for the needs of our native ‘others’ it is suggested that this could allow for more harmony between species, as well as supporting conserYDWLRQ HIIRUWV (GZDUG 2 :LOVRQ GHVFULEHV WKLV DIĂ€OLDWLRQ WR Ă RUD DQG IDXQD DV Âś%LRSKLOOLD¡ 7KLV VXSSRUWHG VFLHQWLĂ€F HYLGHQFH KDV FRQFOXGHG WKDW WKH OLYHV ZH share in conjunction with animals and plants help with our mental and physical health and our overall wellbeing. Furthermore, can the idea and inhabitation of native animals in a city be deliberately manipulated so they are viewed positively by urban dwellers the same way as the animals we pay to look at in a zoo? This notion is suggested by Natalie Jeremijenko as being an example of a ‘Backward Zoo’ concept, or Ooz. Therefore, the intention of this research is to explore ways to allow for cross specie inhabitancy; that is, coexistence between humans and native animals, to SRVLWLYHO\ LQĂ XHQFH WKH OLYHV RI SHRSOH WKURXJK FRQWDFW ZLWK QDWLYH VSHFLHV DQG our role as conservationists within a urban environment.

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DEFINITIONS Ad-ap-ta-tion Noun:

1. To alter and survive under different circumstances relating to its environment. 2. The action or process of adapting or being adapted. Accommodate, arrange, adjust

An-i-mal Noun:

1. A living organism that inhabits and feeds symbiotically within its environment and other species Beast, creature, brut

Anthro-po-phily Noun:

1. Wild animal species that thrive close to humans.

Be-hav-ior Noun:

1. A mental process that evokes the characteristics of survival and communication. This can be evoked through environment and stimulus of same or other species. 2. The action or reaction of something (as a machine or substance) under speciÀHG FLUFXPVWDQFHV Conduct, manner, action.

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DEFINITIONS

Bio-phil-lia Noun:

1. (Psychology) an innate love for the natural world, supposed to be felt universally by humankind. 2. The biophilia hypothesis suggests that there is an instinctive bond between human beings and other living systems. Edward O. Wilson introduced and popularized the hypothesis in his book entitled Biophilia.

Con-ser-va-tion Noun:

1. The action of conserving something, in particular 2. Preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife. Preservation, keeping, maintenance, protection

En-vi-ron-ment Noun:

1. A space in which the occupant occupies, environments are made up of surroundings, fauna, sounds, other species and behaviours. The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. Atmosphere, surrounding, medium.

Ev-olu-tion Noun:

1. A species changing to suit their environment either physically, socially, mentally. 2. The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have GHYHORSHG DQG GLYHUVLĂ€HG IURP HDUOLHU forms during the history of the earth Progression, development, growth

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DEFINITIONS

In-trin-sic Noun:

1. Belonging to a thing by its very nature Native, innate, natural, true, real

Phe-nom-e-nol-o-gy Noun:

1. The science of phenomena as distinct from that of the nature of being 2. An approach that concentrates on the study of consciousness and the objects of direct experience

Syn-a-thrope Noun:

$QLPDOV WKDW OLYH QHDU DQG EHQHĂ€W IURP DQ DVVRFLDWLRQ ZLWK KXPDQV DQG WKH VRPHZKDW DUWLĂ€FLDO KDELWDWV WKDW KXPDQV FUHDWH DURXQG WKHP

Syn-ur-ban-ize-a-tion Noun:

1. Adaptation of animal wildlife to urban development.

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DEFINITIONS

ZooNoun:

$ FRQÀQHG DQG FRQWUROOHG DUWLÀFLDO HQYLURQPHQW FRQVWUXFWHG WR KRXVH animals. Intended to educate people about animals, their environments and behaviours, though they don’t allow for any normal processors of normal animal behaviour. Zoological garden, menagerie

Images: Adaptation- The peppered moth is a clear example of adaptation to cities. It has drastically altered its colours to blend into its urban surrounds. Animal- People tend to ‘humanise’ an animal, to make it seem cuter or allow for a closer relationship with people. Anthroprophily- Mosquitoes thrive near people, attracted to pheromones we let of through our sweat glands. Behaviour- chimps display a high level of intelligence that is seen similar to our own Biophillia- Green walls are a form of biophillia in the urban Environment- Everything from grasslands, woodland to our dense cities are all FRQVLGHUHG HQYLURQPHQWV QDWXUDOO\ RFFXUULQJ RU DUWLĂ€FLDOO\ FRQVWUXFWHG (YROXWLRQ &KDUOHV 'DUZLQ LV VDLG WR EH WKH Ă€UVW WR SURSRVH WKH VFLHQWLĂ€F WKHRU\ of evolution Intrinsic- belonging to an environment 6\QDWKURSH 6SDUURZV DQG SLJHRQV EHQHĂ€W DQG QHHG SHRSOH LQ XUEDQ ORFDWLRQV to thrive Synurbanisation- Crows are a great example of animals adapting to urban locations =RR $ ]RR LV GHĂ€QHG E\ WKH VHSDUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ DQLPDOV DQG KXPDQV

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INTRODUCTION Growing up on our 1000 acre farm in Rosedale, I have always been surrounded by animals. Working with them, looking after them and having wild animals living around me was normal. My dad and I would spend a lot of time re-vegetating the creek that ran through the farm with native plant species, that brought with it an array of wild native animal species, such as micro-bats, wombats, koalas, parrots, possums and many reptile varieties. As I got older my interests varied, I started mimicking ecologies within tanks and terrariums, housLQJ GLIIHUHQW ÀVK YDULHWLHV IURJV DQG turtles within these miniature ecologies. My awareness of the intricate details of nature and how we have the DELOLW\ WR FUHDWH DUWLÀFLDO HQYLURQPHQWV was recognised. My mum would tend to her garden using a variety of exotic and native plants and this too brought different bird, reptile, mammal and insect varieties to the garden. Though originally the garden consisted of gum trees and native grasses, the new plant selections for the garden privileged some species whilst disadvantaging others. And unlike my contained environments within my terrariums DQG ÀVK WDQNV WKLV QHZO\ FRQVWUXFWHG environment enticed wild animals into it, housing them positively within a un-contained environment. This knowledge of animals led me into the industry of animal expertise, I managed an aquarium and pet shops ZKHQ , ÀQLVKHG VFKRRO EHFDPH D wildlife carer for sick and injured animals, studied zoology and science, started my own business of designLQJ DQG PDLQWDLQLQJ ÀVK WDQNV DQG am involved in a number of volunteer projects on animal data collections. I’m now far from the rolling hills and green pastures of Rosedale. My farm now is the housing lots that serves as paddocks, the gravel tracks are now concrete and bitumen roads and the trees are towering steel and glass structures. But animals are still here. People thrive in these social environments along with crows, rats, mice, sparrows, and possums. However,

these animals aren’t really appreciated and considered more as pests. I consider this a zoo-phobic attitude, in that we are ‘animal lovers’ as long as they are in a cage or on a lead. This has constantly made me think about designing buildings, creating environments and situations where there is interaction with non-exotic and native animals, then maybe in turn this zoophobic attitude might be reconsidered.

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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Flagstaff Gardens Flagstaff Gardens

Public Gardens Public Gardens

Royal Park Royal Park

Flagstaff Gardens is a popular spot for Flagstaff Gardens isthey a popular spot for these furry creatures, roam the theseatfurry they roam the streets nightcreatures, and rummage through streets at night and rummage through rubbish cans for any scraps. rubbish cans for any scraps.

Blue Banded Bees are Australias little Blue Banded Australias little pollinators, theyBees also are have a fascination also have a fascination forpollinators, blue thingsthey especially flowers. But if forwearing blue things flowers. your blueespecially around this insect But if your wearing blue around this insect your sure to attract attention. your sure to attract attention.

Whites skink was considered extinct skink was considered extinct in Whites melbourne, but a recently discovin colony melbourne, butwhite a recently discovered of these striped ered colony of park thesehas white striped reptiles in Royal over reptiles Royal park has over turned thisin theory. turned this theory.

URBAN DWELLERS

Prahran to Toorak The Australian Crow is alot smarter The Crow is alot From Prahran to Toorak, thesmarter price of than weAustralian think. Crows have adapted think. Crows have adapted real we estate is related to what dog bythan learning that cars, trucks and all you by learning that cars, trucks and keep. those things known to be deadly toall those things known be own deadly Prahran toare Toorak most animals, their to very nutto most animals, are their very own crackers. Crows have been known tonut From Prahran to Toorak, the price ofto crackers. have onto been known drop hard toCrows open food roads, real estate istorelated tolight what you drop hard open food onto roads, wait for the pedestrian todog turn on keep. wait forthe thezebra pedestrian light to turn on and cross cossing for their and cross the zebra cossing for their reward reward

Flagstaff Gardens Flagstaff Gardens is a popular spot for these furry creatures, they roam the streets at night and rummage through Flagstaff Gardens rubbish cans for any scraps. Flagstaff Gardens is a popular spot for these furry creatures, they roam the streets at night and rummage through rubbish cans for any scraps.

The Australian Crow is alot smarter than we think. Crows have adapted by learning that cars, trucks and all those things known to be deadly to Prahran to Toorak most animals, are their very own nut The Australian Crow is been alot smarter crackers. Crows have known to From Prahran toCrows Toorak, theadapted price of than we think. have drop hard to open food onto roads, real estate is that related what dog you bywait learning cars,totrucks and for the pedestrian light to all turn on keep. those known be deadly to and things cross the zebratocossing for their most animals, are their very own nut reward crackers. Crows have been known to drop hard to open food onto roads, wait for the pedestrian light to turn on and cross the zebra cossing for their reward

Botanical Gardens The noisy, large, messy fruit bats that have made melbourne their home is all very familiar, but many are not Botanical Gardens aware of the tiny mouse size Micro bats. One broadnose microbat can eat The messy in fruit that upnoisy, to 600 large, mosquitoes onebats night! have made melbourne their home is all very familiar, but many are not aware of the tiny mouse size Micro bats. One broadnose microbat can eat up to 600 mosquitoes in one night!

Public Gardens Blue Banded Bees are Australias little pollinators, they also have a fascination for blueGardens things especially flowers. But if Public your wearing blue around this insect your sure to attract attention. Blue Banded Bees are Australias little pollinators, they also have a fascination for blue things especially flowers. But if your wearing blue around this insect your sure to attract attention.

CBD to City sq Melbournians have tried dozens of techniques, all unsuccesssful, to control the population of the urban freeloades CBD tootherwise City sq known as Rock Doves Melbournians have tried dozens of techniques, all unsuccesssful, to control the population of the urban freeloades otherwise known as Rock Doves

Royal Park Whites skink was considered extinct in melbourne, but a recently discovered colony Royal Parkof these white striped

reptiles in Royal park has over turned this theory. Whites skink was considered extinct in melbourne, but a recently discovered colony of these white striped reptiles in Royal park has over turned this theory.

Botanical Gardens

CBD to City sq

The noisy, large, messy fruit bats that have made melbourne their home is all very familiar, but many are not aware of the tiny mouse size Micro bats. One broadnose microbat can eat up to 600 mosquitoes in one night!

Melbournians have tried dozens of techniques, all unsuccesssful, to control the population of the urban freeloades otherwise known as Rock Doves

Flagstaff Gardens

Public Gardens

Royal Park

Flagstaff Gardens is a popular spot for

Blue Banded Bees are Australias little

Whites skink was considered extinct

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This document will attempt to demonstrate the journey I have taken throughout this semester. Just like any other, it has its own hurdles and obstacles; and like most, this journey also has an aim. The aim is to investigate how people and native animals can be integrated within design, to explore and research humans and our non human ‘others’, the different environments, the reasons why, and the hierarchies within Melbourne’s urban environment. Through my research I have found others with similar approaches, views, and designs which have tested my theories and strengthened my thoughts. My hurdles, though frustrating at the best of times, have been constructive and have also strengthened my research.

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INTRODUCTION

of the abundance of food for the fox in particular the growth rate of these invasive animals greatly increased, depreciating the numbers of native animals. However, the shift and the introduction of agriculture meant forests were cleared for farming, allowing high fertility landscapes and an abundance of bird species to feast upon the insects that thrived on the various crops. Agriculture created a boom in native and invasive animal species, but also depreciated many native animals through the process of land clearing . With the discovery of gold, this dramatically changed the numbers of animals again, emphasis was taken off agriculture, machinery and equipment were brought in, reducing the need for animals. With Post Industrial change, Australia saw another shift in development, cities were constructed, roads and hard surfaces became a must, and people found that this was the place to thrive and make a life of their own. As did certain animals, they utilised this as an easy opportunity of food and shelter, people became their mother nature to housing and food

But this brings me to question wether these animals are inhabiting the urban environment because of habitat loss or maybe because our cities are becoming more viable for them?

HISTORY Focusing my research within the urban areas of Melbourne, our urban environments have seen an a array of highly adaptive animal species. Some of these animals like the Common Rock Pigeon, Brown Sparrow and Norwegian Rat, have been introduced and have had hundreds of years to evolve and adapt to their urban environments. Once inhabiting the various ecologies and environments across Europe, these highly adaptive animals have found life to be easier with the help of man kind. With human involvement and urban development becoming a major factor of change. These urban environments are being constantly constructed in order to accommodate the 7% yearly increase of population within our cities (1). Most of these exotic animals either came to Australia intentionally or unintentionally from human involvement, coming off boats from pre settlement, imported and used for gaming and hunting, biological control or as pets. These animals have adapted effectively to Australia’s different environments. Through studying the numbers of animal species in contrast to the history of post settlement to today, there KDV EHHQ PDMRU ÁXFWXDWLRQV RI JURZWK within certain animal species dependent on the time of human progression. Richard J. Hobbs in his book Conservation Biology states that “Over the past 200 years from pre settlement to today, it has resulted in extensively fragmented systems, often with only small, isolated remnants of native vegetation remaining for the various inhabitants that once called this home”2. Though some animals are becoming critically threatened there are also some adapting to these new environments that are inevitably going to keep expanding. From Settlement, there was an apparent abundance of native animal species but with the introduction of foxes, rabbits and hares for gaming purposes, many native animals, especially ground dwelling mammals and birds, they fell victim to prey, or food scarcity, and because

Today we see an abundance of life within our urban forms, although there is an apparent hierarchy of non native animals to native occupying a series of selected urban locations within Melbourne, there are similarly some instances of native animals adapting to Australia’s urban environments. These animals include the Brush-Tail Possums, Collared Sparrow hawks and the Australian Black Raven, and this has occurred within a relatively short space of time of 200 years. Known as Synurbization this is the wildlife’s response to global expansion of urbanization. It took 1 to 500 million years for the majority of ÁRUD DQG IDXQD VSHFLHV WR VKDSH WKHLU ecological and behavioural status, while urbanization, in the scale of landscapes, has occurred only during the last 100-200 years. In terms of nature, cities are “explosion” of new and “strange” type of environ ments.3

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HISTORY

1. Australian Bureau of Statistics: http://www. abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/ Retrieved 6 June 2012 2. Conservation Biology Volume 15, Issue 6, pages 1522–1528, December 2001 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ cbi.2001.15.issue-6/issuetoc 3. Synurbization - adaptation of animal wildlife to urban development http://cals.arizona.edu/ pubs/adjunct/snr0704/snr07041f.pdf International Urban Wildlife Symposium. Shaw et al., Eds. 2004

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INTRODUCTION

HISTORIC TIME LINE OF ANIMAL SUCCESSION

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HISTORY

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HISTORY

Waterbody Locations

Hardscaped Urban Areas

High Traffic Urban Areas

mals like the collared sparrow hawk, who has called the top of the Optus tower off Swanston St home, Black Yellow Specked Cockatoos perching in the old pine trees positioned around Exhibition St, White’s Skink which thrived within Melbourne was declared extinct until recently discovered in rubble in Royal Park and Mircobats living in the urban fringes of the botanical gardens and Yarra Bend Park.

Unrecognised Species

$QLPDO LQĂ€OWUDWLRQ LQWR FLWLHV JHQHUally occurs without being noticed by humans, or they have been consistent residents themselves since European settlement. When people become aware of the wildlife around them, FRQĂ LFWV DOPRVW DXWRPDWLFDOO\ DULVH If an animal is not caged, in a zoo or seen as a pet, people automatically feel uneasy with a zoo-phobic response and wild city animals are generally regarded as an annoyance or threat. So not only are these urban areas quickly becoming the densest concentrations of human life on the planet it is also becoming a hot spot for adaptable animals as well. Animals such as pigeons, mice, rats, crows, possums, spiders and reptile YDULHWLHV DUH DOO VSHFLHV LGHQWLĂ€HG DV synanthropes – animals that “live QHDU DQG EHQHĂ€W IURP DQ DVVRFLDtion with humans and the somewhat DUWLĂ€FLDO KDELWDWV WKDW KXPDQV FUHDWH around them.â€?2. Which bring me to think about how I can utilise this in a form of conservation? If I were able to alter parts of the urban environment to cater for the needs of our native ‘others’, it is suggested that this could allow for more harmony between species, as well as supporting conservation efforts. Urban development destroys natural habitats, but it has also created new, free ecological niches covering areas which grow rapidly 1. This expanding “ecological vacuumâ€? attracts more and more animal populations. The environments within Melbourne differ, from parks to coastal fronts, to lane-ways, public squares and markets, and so does the life that lives within and around it. Animals and people vary depending on the space, animals in particular will only inhabit certain environments, for example, pigeons and VSDUURZV FDQ RFFXS\ KLJK WUDIĂ€F DEOH areas like public squares, markets and food hot spots, whereas possums will only inhabit parks and areas with the same construct. However there are many instances of unrecognised ani-

INTRODUCTION

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HISTORY

Animal Sightings

Red Tailed Black Cockatoo

Whites Skink

Micro Bat Collared Sparrowhawk

Unrecognised animals that inhabit Melbourne. Native animal species are showing signs of synanthropic behaviour. As a form of conservation, should we design with these animals in mind to introduce cross specie integration within our cities?

1. Synurbization - adaptation of animal wildlife to urban development http://cals.arizona. edu/pubs/adjunct/snr0704/snr07041f.pdf International Urban Wildlife Symposium. Shaw et al., Eds. 2004

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INTRODUCTION

PRECEDENTS Common Traits David Garcia: Zoo network. This project offers a different approach to contemporary zoo designs. Instead of creating a zoo that operates within one location, this design works as a network throughout the city in spaces that have a similar social order as animals. This project starts to understand the similarities animals have to humans and how they can work or coexist together.

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http://davidgarciastudio.blogspot.com/2008/07/zoo-network.htm

Josh Klein: Researching the intelligence of crows, creating a slot machine whereby the crows insert money for a peanut. Provokes the idea of how intelligent animals could help us. Instead of using money the crow could deposit rubbish for the reward of a peanut. http://www.ted.com/talks/tags/intelligence

Paul Lister-Moose in the Glen Buying a 25000 hectare block of land in Scotland Paul has the idea of bringing back the native vegetation and the animals that have been extinct from the area for 2000 years because of farming, using biological rehabilitation. http://www.mikebirkhead.com/MooseInTheGlen.html

Jason De Caires Talor: Underwater Sculpture Grenada, Mexico. Through these man made structures animals have inhabited these sculptures creating a rich and diverse ecosystem. Like our cities animals have DGDSWHG WR RXU DUWLĂ€FLDO HQYLURQPHQW

KWWS ZZZ GDLO\DUWĂ€[[ FRP MDVRQ GH FDLUHV WD\ORU XQGHUZDWHU VFXOSWXUH

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PRECEDENTS

(GZDUG 2 :LOVRQ GHVFULEHV WKLV DIĂ€OLDWLRQ WR Ă RUD DQG IDXQD DV Âś%LRSKLOOLD¡ “the connections that human beings subconsciously seek with the rest of life.â€? Wilson proposed the possibility WKDW WKH DIĂ€OLDWLRQV WKDW KXPDQV KDYH with nature are deep within in our biology. Unlike phobias which are the aversions and fears that people have of things in the natural world, philias are the attractions and positive feelings that people have toward certain habitats, activities, and objects in their QDWXUDO VXUURXQGLQJV 7KLV VFLHQWLĂ€F evidence has concluded that the lives we share in conjunction to animals and plants help with our mental and physical health and our overall wellbeing.

D ]RR EXW QRW LQ D ZD\ WKDW FRQĂ€QHV cages and inhibits the natural behaviour of the animal? This notion is suggested by Natalie Jeremijenko as being an example of a ‘Backward Zoo’, or Ooz. Unlike the traditional zoo this is place where the animals inhabit the area on their own terms and remain within the space by choice, without WKH FRQĂ€QHPHQW RI D FDJH /LNH D traditional zoo, I believe the design should operate as a series of sites, much like observed precedent, David Garcia’s Zoo network, where animals and humans interact in different locations and spaces within the city. However, the interactions at an OOZ site differ from that of a Zoo. Ooz is interactive in that it provides people with a set of actions that the animals provide and these couplets add to a collective pool of observations.

David Gissen

Edward O Wilson

Natalie Jeremijenko

I myself can support this theory through the various people I have had the privilege to work for. I Design DQG PDLQWDLQ Ă€VK WDQNV IRU SHRSOH businesses, schools, and others that require this service, I also set up terrariums and enclosures to house various animals such as lizards, frogs and turtles. Through a wide range of clients, I’ve noticed the connection people share with animals and the effects it has mentally and physically to healthy or ill people. Plants and animals have the unique ability to calm, heal and cleanse the mind and body. Gardens and parks start to play with the Biophilic notion too, but I think we can push it further and allow for a greater connection to animals and plants. This will allow for greater ties and connections to our human ‘others’ and the environments they need to survive, thus educating us on the importance of these animals and the power we have to change and improve our urban environments to cater for these needs. Furthermore, can the idea and inhabitation of native animals in a city be deliberately manipulated so they are viewed positively by urban dwellers the same way as the animals we pay to look at in a zoo? How can I create a space that operates the same way as

ANIMopoly

INTRODUCTION

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HIERARCHY DIAGRAM

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Rainbow Lorik

Norwegian Rat

European Carp

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HIERARCHY

White’s Skink

keet

Brown Sparrow

Brown Sparrow

House mouse

Common Rock Pigeon

Eastern Long Neck

Silver gull

ANIMopoly

INTRODUCTION

PG.30

FOLLIES

ANIMALS

ANIMALS GENETIC VARIATIONS

HUMANS

ANIMALS

BEHAVIOUR

HOUSING HUMANS HUMANS

ENVIRONMENTS COMPATIBLE

AWARENESS

URBAN ENVIRONMENT SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTS

NOT COMPATIBLE ALTER Mammals

Reptiles Insects Amphibians Fish

NEW ECOLOGY

PERCEPTION

PERCEPTION

ANIMALS HEIRACHY

HUMANS

BEHAVIOUR

ENVIRONMENTS NOW

AFTER

PROPAGATION

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FOLLIES

Although I was vaguely aware at the time my Follies were conveying a very crucial element to my design, hierarchy. Hierarchy has become the most important factor to my project. The diagram depicted on the previous page reveals species which dominate the particular environment chosen. Although each location has a different selection of animals, there is a clear hierarchy of the same species of animals and they occur in almost all of the selected sites.

with my design is how to integrate human and animals in a way that doesn’t clash with each other.

In the second week of Project A, we spent four days doing intensive workshops. Follie 1: Was constructed like a board game, it was a game of compatibility. The islands could support any habitat as long as the habitats didn’t clash, for example earth habitat couldn’t mix with water environment and so forth, and each environment supported different cards that housed different animals. The follie created a strategy and found areas that would cause FRQÁLFW EHWZHHQ HQYLURQPHQW DQG animal species. Follie 2: Was a representation of the perception of animals. As a way to break the boundaries of humans to animals media has generated programs such as Digimon and Pokemon, designed in a way that the animal characters reveal human features and characteristics which are easy to handle and don’t frighten the viewer. How can I break the zoo-phobic nature of people? Follie 3: Unintentional environments is a phenomenon that is currently happening within our cities. The model started to portray the different and hidden environments, the materials and the different ways it could be inhabited by people and animals. It became an interactive space that could be interpreted either way by humans or animals. One of the hardest things

Follie 4: Experimenting with hierarchy I constructed a set of strings tied in with balloons and needles. The strings were connected to chairs that would act as levers. The balloons represented a living object, (people, animals, plants etc)and the pins were a force of hierarchy. When the chairs were moved the pins would move and intersect with a balloon causing it to pop. Just like a food chain when you alter a relationship by addition or subtraction the who structure of it changes. How can I use hierarchy as a design tool? 7KLV H[HUFLVH KDV KHOSHG WR GHÀQH a set of rules that sets up ways to design for cross specie integration. By observing the requirements of both species it starts to set up principles of ZKDW PXVW JR ÀUVW DQG ZKDW PXVW EH discarded

ANIMopoly

PG.32

INTRODUCTION

HIERARCHY AND ANIMAL COHABITATION Our cities and homes a product of a human built environment primarily for our inhabitation, however, our environments also house an array of different animal species. Although our urban environments differ from the ecologies in the natural world, adaptive animals are inhabiting parts of the urban that are similar to their original habitats. Brushtail Possums nest in our parks trees, scavenging not for insects, fruits and berries on the ground, but the remains left over from people, and pigeons, originally from the rocky terrains and cliff edges of the Middle East and Southern Europe, they have left for the high concrete towering buildings, feeding off peoples uneaten delectable’s. Wild city animals are generally regarded as an annoyance or threat. But what if we change that? If we were able to alter parts of the urban environment to cater for the needs of our native ‘others’, it is suggested that this could this allow for more harmony between species, as well as supporting conservation efforts. (GZDUG 2 :LOVRQ GHVFULEHV WKLV DIÀOLDWLRQ WR ÁRUD DQG IDXQD DV ¶%LRSKLOOLD· ZKHUH VXSSRUWHG VFLHQWLÀF HYLGHQFH has concluded that the lives we share in conjunction to animals and plants help with our mental and physical health and our overall wellbeing.

Opposite: Spaces of occupation for the most adaptable species within the urban environment.

PG.33

Above: Diagram depicting the needs of the animal. In all instances the animal needs the human to survive, this synanthropic behaviour is very apparent

ANIMopoly

PG.34

RESEARCH QUESTION EVOLUTION

PG.35

RESEARCH QUESTION’S

Augmented Animology “Reconstructing the biology within built environments” What common thread do humans share with animals? What is it between ourselves and our non-human others that we feel so strongly to watch, provide, learn and adapt to them? How are they adapting to us? This will be an investigation into the performative role of biology in design. My intention is to create a project that operates on the edge between humans and out surrounding ‘others’, hopefully suggesting alternative ways of living with non human animals, discussing and determining new frameworks through which to discuss biological design and evolution within urban environments. Biophillialution ‘Connecting to our non human others’ +RZ GR ZH HPSOR\ WHFKQLTXHV WR WLH EDFN WKH HPRWLRQDO DIÀOLDWLRQ ZH KDYH WR animals? Will this strengthen our psychology and mental wellbeing? Network OOZ The backward zoo How can we create the opposite of a zoo within urban environments? 6th March

Augmented Animology “Reconstructing the biology within built environments” How can we transform the urban environment to allow for diversity within ourselves and our nonhuman other? How does evolution and adaptation relate to each other? 13th March

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PG.36

ECOLOGIES

Grasslands

Eucalypt Bush

Wanderer Butterfly Danaus plexippus Willy Wag Tail

Animals have very distinct ecologies that they have adapted and evolved to over thousands of years, however, the animals depicted above have all adapted and altered to its considered ‘normal’ processors to live a life amongst a human dominated environment. Some of these animals live in the outer fringe of urban development within parks and gardens and some occupy the heart of the city within derelict and occupied buildings, in

sewers and the concrete surrounds. Although the urban environment is very much human, these animals have found similarities in the ecologies of the urban that replicate their own.

Tem

ECOLOGIES

PG.37

mperate Forest

Tammar Wallaby Macropus eugenii

Scrub

Micro Bats

Rocky scrub

Urban

Collared Sparrowhawlk

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PG.38

ANIMAL SELECTIONS The Blue Banded Bee is a regular visitor to Melbourne gardens. It stands out because of the blue bands across its black abdomen and because of LWV GDUWLQJ KRYHULQJ Ă LJKW SDWWHUQ The female builds her own nest in close proximity to the other females. They prefer soft sandstone to burrow in, and areas of this type of rock can become riddled with bee tunnels. They also like mud-brick houses and often burrow into the mortar in old buildings. Native plants include Grevillea buxifolia, Lambertia Formosa, Pulteneas, 3OHFWUDQWKXV SDUYLĂ RUXV LQWURGXFHG plants include Abelia, Buddleia, Lantana montevidensis, Lavandula weathered sandstone angustifolia and some other lavender eroded edges species.

Sandy Loam

pultenaea

Soft Sandstone

Bark

Ab ne

Broadnose Microbat

Mosquito

Bo

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Sanstone

Odourous Ant Sandy Loam

PG.39

ANIMAL SELECTIONS

To most people, a rat is a undesirable rodent that is considered as an introduced, dirty pest. There are however, many Australian native rats. Our native Bush Rat, Rattus fuscipes, is a small compact mammal. The fur is soft and dense, varying from grey brown to reddish brown above and grey to light brown below. The tail length is shorter than the head and body length, which is a useful diagnostic feature. It can be separated readily from marsupials by its typical paired, yellow-orange faced, upper and lower incisors. They feed upon insects, fruits and berries and fungi varieties from decomposing matter and wood.

Dead wood

'VOHJ 7BSJFUJFT

Sandy Loam

Native Bush Rat, Rattus fuscipes

Weathered sandstone eroded edges

Mosquito

Wallaby grass Austrodanthonia spp

Dead wood

White's skink Egernia whitii

Eastern Blue Tongue Lizard Tiliqua scincoides

Swallow

European Snail Dry Decaying Wood

B

Bugong Moth

Sandy Loam

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PG.40

Weathered sandstone eroded edges

Dead wood Native flax Linum marginale

White's skink Egernia whitii

The Eastern Blue tongue lizard is a common lizard that lives throughout eastern victoria. They occupy many of our urban gardens feasting upon many insect variety and also enjoys the introduced garden snail.

Eastern Blue Tongue Lizard Tiliqua scincoides

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

White’s skink is a communally-living species sharing burrow systems. This skink requires abundant vegetation/ litter cover at ground level, and preferably a complex of rocks and logs at ground level for adequate shelter sites with small open areas for basking. Feeding on small invertebrates they are also omnivorous to some extent. Recently discovered in royal part and in wasteland off the west gate freeway, this skink was considered extinct from Melbourne.

Sanstone

European Snail Bogong moth

Odourous Ant Sandy Loam

Fungi Varieties

Organic Litter

ANIMAL SELECTIONS

PG.41

weathered sandstone eroded edges

Bark Abandoned swallow nests, or hollows

Broadnose Microbat

Mosquito Bogong moth

Mosquito

Swallow

There are 73 Micro bat species in Australia, 43 are critically threatened and 15 varieties live around and within Melbourne. These tiny bats, measuring 10-15 cm in length live in a number of different environments from eroded sandstone caves, curled bark, unused sparrow nests, corrugated iron and derelict buildings. Dr Robert Van Der Ree has been studying these WLQ\ à \LQJ PDPPDOV LQ 0HOERXUQH ÀQGLQJ WKDW WKH\ DUH VXUYLYLQJ DQG living in our urban cities. The Free tail bat, Little forest bat and the Broad nose bat are the three most dominate bat species of Melbourne, besides the large fruit bat. These bats live in close proximity to water, feeding off mainly à \LQJ LQVHFWV DQG PRVTXLWRHV

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PG.42

HOUSING

Soft Sandstone

Sandy Loam

Dry wood

Odourous Ant

Brushtail Possum

Brushtail Possum

Sandy Loam

Rocky slate/ sandstone

Rocky slate/ Rocky terrain sandstone

Rocky terrain

Odourous Ant

Soft Sandstone

Dry wood

PG.43

HOUSING

Just like ourselves, an animal’s home and the materials required to build it, are the most important factors to its existence, that and edible resources for it to survive. Every animal has different requirements, but can we create DUWLÀFLDO KRPHV IRU WKHP WR WKULYH" :H DOUHDG\ FUHDWH DQW IDUPV DUWLÀFLDO caves for lizards and replicate materials for animal husbandry. Through small scale iterations we can start to replicate these homes and situate them within the urban environment, SRZHU OLQHV FRXOG EH ÀWWHG ZLWK KROlows or replica hollow trees could be used to create dwellings for different animals. Even simple things like creating surfaces that could be manipulated to allow for animals to occupy could be another idea. If we rethink about the ways we design our urban environments we can give these highly adaptive animals a chance to live amongst us. In turn we also allow for the continuation of this species if ever the chance that we destroy all their natural habitat.

ANIMopoly

PG.44

MATERIALITY AND FORM

.JDSP #BUT

.JDSP #BUT

#MVF #BOEFE #FFT

.JDSP #BUT

#MVF #BOEFE #FFT

8IJUFT TLJOL BOE MJ[BSE WBSJFUJFT

#MVF #BOEFE #FFT

8IJUFT TLJOL BOE MJ[BSE WBSJFUJFT

8IJUFT TLJOL BOE MJ[BSE WBSJFUJFT

PG.45

Rhino Surface Degregation

HOUSING

Black ant

-Material -Deteriation -Human Input -New Ecologies

Rhino Surface Degregation -Material Black ant

-Deteriation -Human Input -New Ecologies

ANIMopoly

PG.46

ANIMAL LOCATIONS

GREEN SPACES OF HIGH ANIMAL CONCENTRATION This map portrays the areas of high concentrations of animal species. Most of these locations reside within parks and abandoned spaces. The exciting part about this research is the fact that these locations all surround the densest concentration of Melbourne. These spaces can act as triggers for a network of corridors into the city which then can feed out to the urban surrounds or the other green spaces. It also allows for animals to adjust to the urban environments, by being exposed to urban elements the quicker the rate of adaptation.

PG.47

GREEN SPACES OF ANIMAL CONCENTRATION

ANIMopoly

DESIGN PHASE 1

PG.48

INTRODUCING THE NATIVES

Eastern Blue Tongue Lizard Tiliqua scincoides scincoides Pale-flecked Garden Sunskink Lampropholis guichenoti

Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus

Bush Rat, Rattus fuscipes

Indian myna Acridotheres tristis

Common Starling

Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula

Silver Gull

Eastern Blue Tongue Lizard Tiliqua scincoides scincoides Pale-flecked Garden Sunskink Lampropholis guichenoti

Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps

Bush Rat, Rattus fuscipes

Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus

Eastern Longneck turtle

Atherton Gardens Fitzroy

Silver Gull Pelican European Carp Brown Tree Frog

Spotted Marsh Frog Dwarf Galaxia

Barred Galaxias

Indian Myna

German Cockroach

Australian Crow

Odourous Ant

Blue Wren

Marbled Geko

Sandy Loam Soft Sandstone

Eroded stone, crevaces

Grevillea buxifolia Protecea

Swan Plant Asclepias sp

Gold-Tipped Leafcutter Bee Megachile chrysopyga

Australian Painted lady Vanessa kershawi

Wanderer Butterfly Blue Banded Bee

Praying Mantis

Sheild Bug

Common Brown Butterfly

PG.49

The city environment has a unique way of creating climates. Buildings and hard surfaces generate a lot of heat making parts of the city an enjoyable and inhabitable space to be, not only for people but for animals as well. My research led me to design spaces for animals within high human activity locations. Following on from my research of invasive animals and hierarchy, dominating the urban conÀQHV LW OHG PH WR TXHVWLRQ ZKHWKHU the intention to create an environment that supported a native animal specie would, in effect, create an equal opportunity for this animal to occupy and thrive within this space? To create environments for animals we need to consider animals that can coexist with one and other, planting varieties that supports the animal, materials and substrates for plants and animals and an abundant food source. Only then will the space be successful to support life

INTRODUCING THE NATIVES

ANIMopoly

DESIGN PHASE 1

PG.50

STATE LIBRARY GARDEN

Eastern Blue Tongue Lizard Tiliqua scincoides scincoides Pale-flecked Garden Sunskink Lampropholis guichenoti

Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus

Bush Rat, Rattus fuscipes

The State Library Lawn is a unique environment. The buildings either side allow for heat to bounce off and emerge from the concrete walls soaked in from the day’s sun, leaving this space considerably warmer than other locations. With the animal species present within this location how can I alter it with the introduction of native, wildlife. Reptile varieties would do really well in this area as it stays relatively warm in the colder months even though the animal will hibernate and in summer the location would be ideal for them to bask and enjoy the sunlight. The topography allows for easy drainage, and the abundance of people would allow for an educational setting. An environment for lizards is usually rocky terrain, ground covered vegetation or dry and open spaces with rocky caves. Something simple like introducing a rock garden would open up a space to allow for reptile varieties such as Eastern Bluetongue lizards, White’s skink, drop tail skink’s and marbled geckos. The challenge of this design is to create a symbiotic space where food for the reptiles is a constant, introducing plant species would entice insects to the location, or maybe people could be educated on what their diet consists of, then they could deposit food in spaces the lizards could go to eat.

40m 90m

Left: Heat and spacial diagram

PG.51

90m

Constructed rock Garden

ANIMopoly

DESIGN PHASE 1

PG.52

CORNER OFF ST KILDA RD

Indian Myna

German Cockroach

Australian Crow

Odourous Ant

Blue Wren

Sandy Loam Soft Sandstone

Eroded stone, crevaces

70m

70m 80m

80m

Marbled Geko

Situated within an abandoned lot off St Kilda rd, this space also houses a unique micro-climate. Situated opposite the Royal Melbourne Botanical Gardens, this space would act as a living corridor into the city. As previously researched this area also retains and bounces heat off its concrete surrounds, making it a space that could be easily inhabited by different animal species. The heat and high rainfall levels could increase the humidity of the are, this in turn would allow for different plant successions, transforming the space and allowing for new and different animal to inhabit the area.

PG.53

DOCKLANDS PARK Dockland’s could offer a remarkably different environment compared to its dreary, windy, desolate and concrete reality. One thing I personally feel about Dockland’s is its stark personality, there is not a great deal of animal and plant life and therefor no vibrance about the area. A healthy and productive space usually means other life forms not just humans inhabit the space, but even this does not exist. What if the space was designed for the hydro loving species? So many native animals, ELUGV ÀVK DQG DPSKLELRXV VSHFLHV are threatened and extinct from the area, Galaxis used to thrive in all Melbourne’s waterways but they are now extinct due to the introduction of invasive carp species and pollution. However many native bird species and the spotted marsh frog have been discovered in the small parks within the area, which means the possibility of introducing these animals could become a reality. Wherever life is abundant people XVXDOO\ VHHN DQG HQMR\ LWV EHQHÀWV

Eastern Longneck turtle

Silver Gull Pelican European Carp Brown Tree Frog

Spotted Marsh Frog Dwarf Galaxia

Barred Galaxias

Freshwater wetlands

Docklands waterfront, Saltwater

ocklands waterfront, Freshwater wetlands ltwater

Freshwater wetlands Artificial Ponds

Artificial Ponds Artificial Ponds

White Ibis Threskiornis molucca

Silver Gull

Silver Gull

Silver Gull

White Ibis Threskiornis molucca

Australian Pelican White Ibis Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus Threskiornis molucca Pelecanus conspicillatus

Dwarf Galaxias

Barred Galaxias

Marsh Frog Rana ridibunda

Barred Galaxias

Dwarf Galaxias Dwarf Galaxias

Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus

Barred Galaxias

Marsh Frog Rana ridibunda

Marsh Frog Rana ridibunda

ANIMopoly

DESIGN PHASE 1

PG.54

ATHERTON GARDENS Atherton Gardens has a rich and diverse space. Located in Fitzroy, this area occupies Commission housing a Kindergarten and a popular hot spot for social interaction. I wanted to introduce materials and plants that would act as a magnet for animal inhabitation. Sandy loam and soft sandstone would allow for an array of insect species, micro bats and lizard varieties to inhabit the space. With the kindergarten in close proximity this would engage and entice the children to learn about the diversities of plants, animals and ecologies.

Indian myna Acridotheres tristis

Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula

Common Starling

Silver Gull

Eastern Blue Tongue Lizard Tiliqua scincoides scincoides Pale-flecked Garden Sunskink Lampropholis guichenoti

Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps

Grevillea buxifolia Protecea

Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus

Bush Rat, Rattus fuscipes

Swan Plant Asclepias sp

Gold-Tipped Leafcutter Bee Megachile chrysopyga

Australian Painted lady Vanessa kershawi

Wanderer Butterfly Blue Banded Bee

Praying Mantis

Sheild Bug

Soft Sandy Loam

Soft Sandy Loam and 40% clay

Predominantly Clay

Common Brown Butterfly

PG.55

Southern Boobook Blue winged Laughing Kookaburra

Sparrowhawlk

Australian Raven

Australian Magpie

Pied Currawung Rainbow Lorikeet Silvereyes

Superb Blue Wren Willy Wag Tail Micro Bat

Bush Rat

Brushtail Possum

Tamar Walaby

Eastern Blue Tongue Marbled Gecko

Sanstone habitats

370m 195m

ANIMopoly

PG.56

DESIGN PHASE 1

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL A controversial area to my design was the implementation of biological conWURO , SURSRVHG WKH LGHD LQĂ XHQFHG from the Collared Sparowhawks nesting in the Optus Tower on Swanston st, that if we created an opportunity for Sparrowhawks to nest in other buildings, this would deplete the numbers of pigeons, mynas, and starlings, all of which are highly invasive and exotic bird species. There are currently 60000 pigeons residing within central CBD.1 One Sparrowhawk will consume up to 230 birds a year. The territory of a Sparrowhawk is determined by the abundance of food to that location. Within its ‘natural’ environment the Sparrowhawk has territories of up to 2 kilometres in diameter. Within the Urban this could be

reduced to 200-600 sq metres because of food availability.2 The problems it aroused was, what if it didn’t take to eating pigeons and mynas and instead preyed upon chihuahua’s and pet birds? Though highly unlikely, a Sparrow hawk will eat what is in abundance , when the food source depletes so will the sparrow hawks, its territories will increase driving out other birds of prey.

Pigeon Problem Pigeons breed up to 6 times a year with a clutch of 2 eggs Damage and destroy historic buildings, acidic defacations Caused an outbreak of Paramyxovirus 1 (PMV1) in Melbourne, can be transmitted to people and chickens. Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by a fungus, which grows in pigeon droppings. Cryptococcosis is another fungal disease associated with pigeon droppings head Psittacosis (also known as ornithosis or parrot fever)In humans, this bacterial disease is characterized by: fatigue, fever, headache, rash, chills, and sometimes pneumonia

70000 60000

50000 40000 30000 20000 10000

Data collected from John Harms , repot in the monthly magazine, june 2007 Science & Nature: Animals: Feral Pigeon" (Web article). BBC.CO.UK. Retrieved 2008-01-05.

PG.57

High

Concentration of prey species

400m 500m

600m 50m 100m 200m 300m

1. Coo de gras - pink pigeons for our parks, Clay Lucas; Retrieved 28th March 2012 Http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/ coo-de-gras/2007/06/03/1180809340239.html 2. Spring and summer sparrow hawk food habits Donald s. Heintzelman http://library.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/ v076n04/p0323-p0330.pdf

ANIMopoly

PG.58

RESEARCH QUESTION EVOLUTION

PG.59

Sentient Morphology How can I reconstruct the hierarchy of animal species within urban environments to allow for native animals to inhabit and reduce the amount of nonnative animal species? 20th March

Invasive Natives “Introducing native animals to eradicate the immigrant species” With the introduction of immigrant animal species there has been an apparent hierarchy of native to non-native species within the urban environment. +RZ FDQ , LQWURGXFH QDWLYH ÁRUD DQG IDXQD WR 0HOERXUQH WR HDVH WKH DPRXQW of introduced species, with the intention of creating stronger relationships between people and our native ‘Others’? 27th March

ANIMopoly

RESEARCH SPECIE #1

PG.60

PG.61

MICROBATS

Micro-Bat

M BA

low

MICROBATS For the second half of the semester after mid semester I narrowed my research to the study of Micro-bats. 0LFUR EDWV DUH WLQ\ Ă \LQJ PDPPDOV 10-15 cm long. It has been recorded that there 70 species of Micro-bats in Australia, 43 of which are critically threatened. Robert Van Der Ree, a Lecturer at The University of Melbourne, is studying these bats, he said “Melbourne could be home to up to 16 species of micro-bats, with many concentrated in green spaces such as parks and golf courses and along rivers, but also in urban and industrial environments.â€?1 Very little is known about the habits of micro-bats. Unlike the city’s larger Ă \LQJ IR[HV WKHVH Ă \LQJ PDPPDOV weigh in at no more than 150 grams, with an inaudible call to most people, that sounds like a tiny bell chime. are the Insectivorous, these little bats eat up to 600 mosquitoes a night, they also consume up to will feed on moths species, Bogong moths in particular for their high fat and lows, creavases, and holes, protein rich content.

MICROBATS BAT

1: The secret life of microbats to be revealed Bridie Smith December 10, 2009 Read more: http://www.theage.com.au/ national/the-secret-life-of-microbats-to-berevealed-2009

size of a mouse. In one night ONE MICRO600 MOSQUITOS!!! Living in unused hol-

PG.62

microbats can be easily adapted.

ANIMopoly

size of a mouse. In one night ONE

MICR

600 MOSQUITOS!!! Living in unused microbats can be easily adapted.

PG.63

Murray River Virus MRV Murray Valley Enephalitis MVE Ross River Virus RRV

Micro-bats eat up to 500-600 mosquitoes an hour. Micro-bats could control Mosquito’s in problematic locations, reducing the risk of mosquito spread viruses

MICROBATS

ANIMopoly

EXISTING HABITAT

PG.64

PG.65

NEW HABITAT

MICROBATS

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HABITAT MATRIX

PG.66

PG.67

Opposite: Through a progression of time, the implementation of designs will start to open up corridors and opportunities for the bat to inhabit areas within the urban. Currently Micro bats main area of inhabitation is at the Botanical Gardens and Yarra Bend park. The intention is to create a matrix whereby animals can inhabit the urban areas of the city.

MICROBATS

ANIMopoly

PG.68

MICROBAT SPACES Micro bat Material palette. Varies from Eroded sandstone, Hollows in trees, wood boxes, Crates and debris, abandoned swallow nests, curled bark, corrugated iron, beams under bridges, scaffolding and derelict buildings. This analysis starts to play with form and allows for different scenarios and spaces that can be modelled from these forms, which may allow the microbat to inhabit or easily adapt to.

PG.69

CREATING FORM

ANIMopoly

PG.70

CREATING FORM

e Interior

me Interior

Concrete Artificial Exterior

Concrete Artificial Exterior

Allows inhabitation of animal species

PG.71

CREATING FORM

Using the similar forms the microbat occupies, I had to start thinking about how to model forms that could allow for other animal species to exist in conjunction to the micro bat.

ANIMopoly

PG.72

CREATING FORM Through the use of clay and 3d modelling I explored the different types of surfaces and structures that could house different animal species. I needed to think of ways of allowing people to engage with the forms, but still allow for the security and wellbeing of the animal.

PG.73

CREATING FORM

BUGONG MOTHS have high fat reserves, which makes them a valuable food source to many insectivors. Bugong moth are attracted to

Lighting. They lay their egg which then turn into larvae in soft soil like SANDY LOAM, were ground dwelling animals feed off them.

Light wall display

Right: Interactive cave wall Testing the ideas of animal inhabitation and providing people with the awareness that animals share the space too

ANIMopoly

PG.74

RESEARCH QUESTIONS “The Animal brings with it, among other things, a danger and fascination that comes IURP RXWVLGH DUFKLWHFWXUH DQG LV QHYHU IXOO\ DVVLPLODWHG RU DSSURSULDWHG E\ LW ,W UDLVHV as a live subject, serious aesthetic, performative, and ethical expectations that are almost QHYHU IXOO\ PHW Âľ Catherine Ingraham

PG.75

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Animal Morphology With the introduction of immigrant animal species there has been an apparent hierarchy of native to non-native species within the urban environment. How can a program determine the form, with the intention of creating stronger relationships between people and our native ‘Others’? 3rd April Adaptamology ‘Reconstructing the urban environment to cater for animals’ How can we transform the existing urban structures to allow for different variations of adaptation for animals? 17th April

$UW LÀFLDO ,QB KDELWDQFH

¶'HVLJQLQJ DUWLÀFLDO HQYLURQPHQWV IRU FURVV VSHFLH LQKDELWDQF\· +RZ FDQ /DQGVFDSH $UFKLWHFWXUH LQÁXHQFH WKH ZD\V LQ ZKLFK ZH WKLQN DERXW humans and our ‘others‘, or transform the ways in which our cities are constructed to allow for more equality with species and cross species inhabitancy? 27th April- May 29th

ANIMopoly

BREAKING BOUNDARIES In Australia and many other European countries, pigeons, sparrows, possums and crows are all considered pests and I think we have a zoophobic attitude towards animals, in that we are ‘animal lovers’ as long as they are in a cage or on a lead. I think by designing buildings, creating DUWLÀFLDO HQYLURQPHQWV DQG FUHDWLQJ situations where there is interaction with non-exotic and native animals , this attitude might be reconsidered. How can I break the boundaries people have with their non human ‘others’? This is a really big challenge that I think is the most important element to this research. The way to break the fear and ideas people think about certain animals is to educate them consciously and subconsciously. 7KLV LV UHÁHFWHG WR WKH ZD\ DQLPDOV are currently housed and seen today. When you go somewhere to view animals the environment that the animal resides in is usually constructed in a way that assimilates the animal. This can either be in the form and shape of it, sounds that replicate it or an environment similar to its own. This subconsciously reduces the negative perception the person may have to the animal. I intend to use these techniques as a way to engage people with my designs, to build up the awareness of the ‘other’.

PG.76

FINAL DESIGNS

PG.77

BREAKING BOUNDARIES Blurring the Boundaries\Boundaries between people and animals

ANIMopoly

PG.78

THE ‘OTHER’ From the row of ant’s on the ground WR WKH EHH RQ D Ă RZHU ZH GHHP WKHP as a species separate from our human environment. How we perceive these species is not at all similar to ourselves and completely different components to our genetic make up. However, overlooking how integral they are to our human existence and our constructed environments. To PDQ\ XQOLNH WKH EHQHĂ€FLDO QDWXUHV such as sunlight, wind and rain, ‘Subnatures’ as described by David Gissen are things such as weeds, smoke, pigeons and in this case wild animals or our non human ‘others’ as I like to call them. These ‘others’ are often seen as Ă€OWK\ IHDUVRPH DQG XQFRQWUROODEOH regarding them as inimical to urban society. To consolidate or remove them from the environment is to deny key aspects of urban life and health of the urban ecosystem. To have something function you need the “otherâ€? to enable that. The ‘other’ in this case does not refer to sociology’s concept of people beyond the behaviour, normative role, but the ‘other’ as species, animals and all things biological. This project acts as a process of phenomenology that people and the environment compose an indivisible whole. In simplest terms, phenomenology is the interpretive study of human experience. Through designing a cross specie environment, people when encountering the ‘other’ are put through situations and experiences “as they spontaneously occur in the course of daily lifeâ€? (von Eckartsberg, 1998, pg. 3). Emphasis is drawn to the nature of environmental behaviour and experience, especially in terms of the built environment. Through my work as an animal carer, aquarist and my peculiar interest in all animals I have become particularly aware that places with high biodiversity are important for people mentally, physically and behaviourally and I wonder how architecture and environmental design can be a vehicle for future cross specie design. My designs intend to test ways to allow for our

others to coexist within our urban environments, to expose the ‘other’ or WKH EHQHĂ€WV DVVRFLDWHG WR WKHLU LQKDELWancy. (Though maybe some may have to look harder than others). I hope to demonstrate the phenomenological approach offers an innovative way for looking at the person/other environment relationship and for identifying and understanding its complexity.

PG.79

THE OTHER

von Eckartsberg, R. (1998a). Introducing existential-phenomenological psychology. In R. Valle (Ed.), Phenomenological inquiry in psychology (pp. 3-20). New York: Plenum. von Eckartsberg, R. (1998b). Existentialphenomenological research. In R. Valle (Ed.), Phenomenological inquiry in psychology (pp. 21-61). New York: Plenum. DAVID GISSEN, SUBNATURE: ARCHITECTURE’S OTHER ENVIRONMENTS (NEW YORK: PRINCETON ARCHITECTURAL, 2009), 154.

ANIMopoly

PG.80

FINAL DESIGNS

DESIGN LOCATIONS; MICROBAT

3 5

4 1

2

PG.81

Through a progression of time, the implementation of designs will start to open up corridors and opportunities for the bat to inhabit areas within the urban. Currently Micro bats main area of inhabitation is at the Botanical Gardens and Yarra Bend park. The intention is to create a matrix whereby animals can inhabit the urban areas of the city. Things I have to consider is how can I break the assimilation people have to wild animals as being a threat? How can I work with the current structure and form of the city? What works and what doesn’t work for the bat? Through understanding the Microbats behaviours, environments, and roosting locations, I can start to unpack the qualities towards creating a design for them. Considerations of materials, certain lighting, food sources, locations and environmental factors are but of the few things I need to account for. People are the hardest factor within the process of creating these designs. To allow for cohabitation between VSHFLHV LV D YHU\ GLIÀFXOW WDVN , need to think about different ways of assimilating the bat in a way that enables people to feel comfortable enough that they can share their environment with them. Utilising these design tools, this will allow me to create various iterations through Melbourne’s CBD. Small scale iterations such as native tree selections and hollowing out power lines can be implemented to create opportunities for the bat, and larger designs can incorporate the use of people. As a whole, this system will create a network of space that the bat FDQ LQÀOWUDWH WKH FLW\ ZLOO EHFRPH a biological hot spot, and a system that can allow for the continuation of adaptable animal species.

SITE LOCATIONS

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PG.82

SMALL SCALE ITERATIONS

Existing conditions: - Dominate planting: Plane trees -Not enough space for animal migration links -Need for corridors

FINAL DESIGNS

PG.83

SMALL SCALE ITERATIONS

Manna Gum: Eucalyptus Viminalis. The bark qualities of this tree allows many native Australian animals to inhabit the cone like structures. Using native vegetation would entice native animals into the area, opening up corridors and paths ways into the urban. However, viminalis as well as most eucalyptus species have the dangerous skill to drop limbs in times of hardship.

Bat Houses or animal boxes could be introduce to a number of large trees within Melbourne. With the amount of habitat and homes we have destroyed, by creating DUWLĂ€FLDO RQHV ZH FDQ UHVWRUH WKH balance of species. This may also advertise to people that they could adopt similar approaches.

Hollow trees play an important role for animals. They provide shelter and nests for an array of wildlife. Simple things like creating holes in power lines, would allow homes for many creatures.

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PG.84

SMALL SCALE ITERATIONS Natural tree hollows are created when fungus and termites eat out the dead, decaying centre of old trees. Unfortunately, most Eucalypt species do not form these hollows until they are at least 100 years old. Although there are vast tracts of native plantation timber, particularly on the East Coast, they are typically harvested at around 60 to 80 years of age. So, of course, hollows do not form. Since European settlement, literally millions of trees and hollows have been lost to urbanisation, industry, roads, and agriculture. As if that isn’t bad enough, our struggling native animals have to compete with introduced Honey Bees and Common Mynas, which aggressively colonise hollows. Because of this, many animal species have resorted to inhabiting different spaces, some examples include Sugar Gliders trying to live in the fronds of banana trees, Feather-tail Gliders turning up in the electricity boxes on top of power poles, micro-bats trying to sleep in mailboxes, and marbled geckos living in compost bins. By enabling the small design strategies on the previous pages, this allows for reintroduction and stabilisation of these animals. Bat/bird boxes are an item that could be a temporary À[WXUH DQG D ZD\ RI IDPLOLDULVLQJ animals with human built constructs.

FINAL DESIGNS

SMALL SCALE ITERATIONS

PG.85

Segregated walls to capture debris

Because of Mana Gum’s ability to drop limbs as well as many other eucalypts, I played around with the idea of creating structures that would avoid that situation. The structure would be open to people to shelter under and in parts segregated closed slits that would trap bark, leaf litter and branches from the tree. The debris would start to build up, decaying and allow for the succession of a variety of different species. Fungus would grow from the decayed wood allowing native bush rats to fees upon the material. Insects would colonise and create a healthy environment. This exploration depicts how when people no longer use or occupy a VSDFH LW DOORZV IRU DQLPDOV WR LQĂ€OWUDWH it instead. It also suggests how the ‘other’ can be within centimetres of people without them realising its exLVWHQFH EXW WKH\ ZLOO EHQHĂ€W IURP LWV presence through biological processors.

Blue Banded Be Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingu Amegilla cingulata

Potential inhabitants. Wanderer butterfly Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus Danus plexippus BlueBlue Banded Bee Bee Banded Amegilla cingulata Amegilla cingulata

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

The Superb Fairywren The Superb Fairywren Malurus cyaneus Malurus cyaneus

http://www.tvwc.org.au/help/article14/ building%20a%20microbat%20nestbox.pdf

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PG.86

FINAL DESIGNS

INTERACTIVE BAT WALL

The structure, plant species and materials used for animals, play a major role in the inhabitation of animals. Consideration of these elements need to be addressed not only for the animal but for the educational purposes for people. Simple things like the shape and structure of an animals home allows people to understand the nesting techniques, similar environ-

ments and the structure of the animal. “The shape of the animal is everything that the animal does”1 Lighting plays an important role within this design. The surface works by sensing the bat as it occupies a hole during the day. At night the space that was inhabited by the bat or any other animal causes a sensor light to activate, which allows people an insight into the numbers

of animals occupying the structure. Using Infra Red lights and deep blue moon lights, this doesn’t effect the bat as they as well as reptiles cannot see this light spectrum. It does however attract moth species, which the Micro Bats would feed upon, allowing people to watch and observe the natural behaviour of the bat.

PG.87

INTERACTIVE BAT WALL

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PG.88

FINAL DESIGNS

DESIGNING WITH SEASONS Brown garden snail Helix aspersa

German cockroach Blattella germanica

Little Broadnose Bat Nycticeius greyii

Monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus

Black Field Cricket Teleogryllus commodus

Rainbow Lorikeet trichoglossus haematodus

PG.89

Creeping Fan-flower Scaevola hookeri

INTERACTIVE BAT WALL

This particular analysis remembers the consideration of seasonality. It will create a dynamic space that allows people to be in tune with seasonality and educate on how plants and animals operate within this multiple time scale.

Australian blackthorn Bursaria spinosa

Pin-cushion Hakea hakea laurina

Button Grass Gymnoschoenus Sphaerocephalus

Grey Spider Flower grevillea buxifolia

Rough Bush Pea pultenaea scabra

Native Flax linum marginale

Velvet Dampiera dampiera marifolia

Swan plant Asclepias physocarpa

Pg 80, 1. Catherine Ingraham: Architecture Animal Human: The Asymmetrical Condition, New York, 2006, pg 15

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PG.90

FINAL DESIGNS

DESIGNING WITH SEASONS

AUTUMN

WINTER

PG.91

INTERACTIVE BAT WALL

SPRING

SUMMER

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PG.92

INTERACTIVE BAT WALL; REFLECTION The aim of this particular design was to create an environment for the bat to occupy, but with the intention of allowing people to view its existence. Instead of a Green wall this is more an Eco-wall, as it’s main role is to create an environment for animals to occupy and allow for the succession of plants to move in around the wall. This suggests the process of adaptation, evolution and succession However, another valuable lense to this design is how to suggest the importance of seasonality through the use of different plant species, to allow other animal species to inhabit the space and for people WR OHDUQ DQG HQMR\ WKH EHQHÀWV RI D healthy environment, coexisting with the bat symbiotically. The problem with this designs location is that it was very centralised and it wasn’t opening up the possibility for this aniPDO VSHFLH WR LQÀOWUDWH LQWR WKH FLW\ $V stated, my project is to operate like a backwards zoo (OOZ) whereby there LV QR FRQÀQHG VSDFH QR ERXQGDULHV and allows people to be educated and learn about an animal. I needed to explore avenues in which allowed for the bat to work within the whole urban environment, opening up the possibility to inhabit and coexist with humans within the city. This project LV WKH ÀUVW VWHS RU FRXOG EH UHSOLFDWHG throughout the city.`--

CONCLUSION

PG.93

INTERACTIVE BAT WALL

ANIMALS HIERARCHY

HUMANS

BEHAVIOUR

Wanderer butterfly ENVIRONMENTS Danus plexippus

NOW

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

AFTER

Blue Ban Amegill

PROPAGATION

Potential inhabitants. Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Blue Bee Banded Bee Blue Banded AmegillaAmegilla cingulatacingulata

The Superb Fairywren Malurus cyaneus Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

The Superb Fairywren Malurus cyaneus

WandererWanderer butterfly butterfl Danus plexippus Danus plexippus

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2 Train lines

PG.94

FINAL DESIGNS

BAT HOUSE Bridge

Verticality

Gabions

Parkland

BIRRARUNG MARR

Open space

PROS -Shelter under bridge -Drainage -Open space -Pedestrian link CONS: -Windy -Cold in winter -Noise from trains -Noise from top of bridge -Transport activity is high Bat House attempts to create an interactive structure within Birrarung Marr. This design is a conventional design and can be implemented within many other location within Melbourne. By understanding certain conventions of the site, this starts to create the tools in which to design with.

Carpark

PG.95

BAT HOUSE

7KH SDQHOV FDQ EH UH FRQĂ€JXUHG DQG moved to create a space that people can use. It could be used as a social gathering hot-spot, an intimate space or an eating area. The idea is to manipulate it to the space you want it to act as.

ANIMopoly

FINAL DESIGNS

PG.96

BAT HOUSE Opposite: Different ways in which people can start to use the structure.

Native plantings

PG.97

BAT HOUSE

The Bat house can allow for different programs for people. The movability and constant shifting of the structure can create a different occupancy of the space. It could be used as an eating area, social events, an intimate space, shelter and an act of play.

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PG.98

BAT HOUSE 10-15cm set apart wooden panels. Materials; Wood is a warm insulated material that allows bats to easily hold onto whilst roosting.

PG.99

BAT HOUSE

The structure has a series of sliding doors that can be moved to manipulate the space. It is built not only for people to interact with but also as a space for bats to nest in during the day. The panels are spaced 10-15cm apart, the ideal space required for Micro bats to feel secure. This in turn educates people on the bats sleeping habits. It also breaks down the boundaries between the two inhabitants. People will understand the animal better and in turn this will provoke a form of education and a conservational attempt to employ similar techniques.

ZOOM DETAIL

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PG.100

BAT HOUSE; CONCLUSION This projects intention was to engage people with an environment shared directly by the Micro-bat. It was developed to become an interactive space that educated on how the micro-bats environment operates, or how the bat itself operates within its housing type. This project offers an innovative way for looking at the person/other environment relationships and for identifying and understanding this multi- dimensioned structure.

PG.101

ANIMALS

HOUSING HUMANS

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

ALTER

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

NEW ECOLOGY

PERCEPTION

Potential animal attracted through the structure and if planting schemes were enabled Wanderer butterfly Wanderer butterfly Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus Danus plexippus Danus plexippus

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

The Superb Fairywren Malurus cyaneus

Blue Banded Bee Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata Amegilla cingulata

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3

PG.102

FINAL DESIGNS

BAT PODS

! " # $ % & ' & ( )

FLINDERS LANE Pros -Sound -Shelter -Verticality -Dim Light Warmth Cons: -Wind Tunnel -Food scarcity +LJK 7UDIĂ€FDEOH DUHD -Design potential, lighting, interactive display.

PG.103

BAT PODS

Bat pods: The pods were tested through mimicking the bark of a Eucalyptus Viminalis. These enclosed capsules would be protected from the wind and the sound effects from cars. The shape was derived through folded paper and the materiality of curled bark. This structure could be housed in locations such as other alley ways, vertical and narrow spaces and spaces whereby wind is a problematic factor. If this design was replicated through similar locations around Melbourne’s parklands it may start to open up the corridors into the city.

ANIMopoly

BAT PODS

PG.104

PG.105

BAT PODS

Technical Diagrams of the Bat pods. Different chambers for the bats provides protection for the bat depending on weather, seasons, temperature and sound.

ANIMopoly

PG.106

FINAL DESIGNS

PG.107

BAT PODS

Micro-bats feed upon insects such as moths and mosquitoes, as a pest FRQWURO SHRSOH ZLOO EHQHĂ€W IURP WKH micro-bats company. Places with insect problems would be ideal to house bat pods. The Bat Pods could also be a safe haven for the bats during colder months of hibernation, as they are insulated and protected from environmental factors.

ANIMopoly

BAT PODS; CONCLUSION This design was generated through designing through alley ways and spaces with similar environments. Through this process I can use these designs in a number of situations to enable animals to co exist within turban environment amongst humans. The design works with the positive effects associated with the bats company. People will realise that wherever bats are present there will be less insects, supporting the phenomenology of positive effects associated by the ‘other’. If pods were installed in a series of locations, then a rotation of animal inhabitancy would occur depending on the availability of food. During the times of occupancy the pods could house other species such as insects, marbled geckos and even possums.

PG.108

CONCLUSION

PG.109

BAT PODS

ANIMALS

ENVIRONMENT

FOOD AVAILABILITY HUMANS

AWARENESS

BENEFITS

PERCEPTION

Attracted animals

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4

PG.110

INTERACTIVE SEATING DISPLAY

FEDERATION SQ PROS -Verticality -Open space -Pedestrian link -Warmth expelled from buildings CONS: -Wind tunnel -Noise from transport -High transport activity

FINAL DESIGNS

PG.111

INTERACTIVE SEATING DISPLAY

Bat Houses are made up of many separated panels set apart 15 cm apart.

Led Lights Wood Concrete

BAT HOUSES

INTERACTIVE PUBLIC AREA/ NO BATS OCCUPY THIS AREA

ANIMopoly

PG.112

FINAL DESIGNS

1. Human platform, inactive

2. Bat Inhabits the bat house

3. Human platform is activated by the seat lighting up for the particular bat house inhabited.

4. The bat informs the space, creating a healthy relationship between the two species.

PG.113

Like the Bat Wall, this is another interactive display, however, this design works separated from the bat. As conveyed in the opposite diagram it is activated by the inhabitation of the Micro bat. The particular bat house that’s inhabited, causes the connected seat for the people to light up. The site is activated by the bat and this is what makes the space successful, it DOVR FUHDWHV DQ DUWLÀFLDO UHODWLRQVKLS between human and animal. This DUWLÀFLDO FRQQHFWLRQ DOORZV SHRSOH to appreciate the bat in its separated KDELWDW DQG DPSOLÀHV WKH LPSRUWDQFH of the ‘other’, that the bat, seen as a dirty, wild blood sucking creature is not like that at all. Instead people may view it in a positive manner and HQMR\ WKH EHQHÀWV DVVRFLDWHG WR WKH EDW inhabitation.

INTERACTIVE SEATING DISPLAY

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PG.114

FINAL DESIGNS

PG.115

INTERACTIVE SEATING DISPLAY

ANIMopoly

PG.116

INTERACTIVE SEATING DISPLAY, REFLECTION 7KLV DUWLÀFLDO FRQQHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ KXman’s and the Micro-bats is an exploration into the different ways to allow for cross specie inhabitancy within the urban environment. I wanted to investigate the ways in which these species could live within the same environment but separate as to see the potential of the ‘other’.

PG.117

MICROBAT

HOUSING

HUMANS

URBAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACT

NEW ECOLOGY

PERCEPTION

ARTIFICIAL

ANIMopoly

PG.118

5

BAT WALK

Pros: -Surrounded by a water body -Considerable human activity -Vertical -Connective transect points Cons -Winds -Exposure to environmental factors -Shelter under bridge is too noisy

FINAL DESIGNS

PLAN DETAIL

This design works with the edge conditions of Southbank. Micro-bats prefer areas in close proximity to water, which is a valuable element to this design. I concocted a design that acts as a platform for bats to inhabit but for people to observe its roosting and behaviours and habits. Stained red and Blue glass slits allow for the bat to be undisturbed as it cannot see these colours. People will however be able to view the Micro bat, thus allowing a relationship between the two and a stepping stone into breaking down the fear that people have of wild animals.

PG.119

BAT WALK

ANIMopoly

Sectional diagram of new edge condition for the Micro-bats. Small chambers make up the inside of the structure. The structure is made of glass and Timber. Timer allows for bats to grasp onto the surface and also creates a warm environment for the bat to reside in. This design is allowing for people to view and learn about the behaviour of this animal without the use of cages or information boards. Acting as the opposite of the backward zoo and establishing a relationship between the species

PG.120

FINAL DESIGNS

PG.121

SECTIONAL DIAGRAM

ANIMopoly

PG.122

FINAL DESIGNS

PG.123

SOUTHBANK PLAN COLLAGE

Plan of Bat walk structures. These edge’s could be integrated into other areas along water paths.

ANIMopoly

BAT WALK; CONCLUSION The Bat Walk was designed to give a perspective into how the bat lives in its environment. Having this design in close proximity of water is ideal for the bats as they feed upon insects that depend on water, such as mosquitoes. 3HRSOH ZLOO ÀQG YLVLWLQJ WKHVH VSDFHV more enjoyable as the bat biologically controls the mosquito population. As stated previously, this design could work on a rotational basis where food for the bat will determine its occupancy, in the meantime it gives other animals opportunities to live within this structure, or how could I develop other ways to allow for other species to live within this design? 7KLV GHVLJQ DPSOLÀHV WKH QHHG WR FDter for the ‘other’. It allows for people to understand and view the animal through the notion of the backward zoo ‘Ooz’ and demonstrates the abilLW\ RI ZKDW EHQHÀWV RQH LQGLYLGXDO can make to the wider system.

PG.124

BAT WALK

PG.125

CONCLUSION

HUMANS

BEHAVIOUR

MICROBAT

AWARENESS MOSQUITOES

PERCEPTION

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RESEARCH SPECIE #2

PG.126

BLUE BANDED BEE

PG.127

RESEARCH SPECIE #2 BBB

ANIMopoly

BLUE BANDED BEE The Blue Banded Bee, Amegilla cingulata, is an Australian native insect specie. Measuring 11-15 mm, these beautiful bees have red brown fur on their thorax and a black abdomen with blue to whitish stripes, females having four stripes and males have ÀYH 7KLV EHH SROOLQDWHV PRUH WKDQ most bee varieties, and has been used in greenhouse projects as pollinators for tomatoes and other vegetable varieties. It differs from the European honey bee in terms of producing honey, behaviour and nesting requirements. Unlike the Honey bee the Blue Banded Bee is a solitary bee, meaning the female makes one tunnelled nest for itself, in soft substrates like sandy loam, soft clays, decaying wood and old mortar. They aren’t aggressive or work in swarms like the honey bee, making this insect a highly viable inhabitant for Melbourne’s urban environment. Urban development has destroyed countless solitary native bee nests. Our Australian native bees are a precious resource for the future pollination of our bush land and crops.

PG.128

BLUE BANDED BEE

PG.129

Introduced European Honey Bee

BLUE BANDED BEE

European honey bees have been present in Australia for about 190 years, but their distribution and abundance has increased dramatically over the last 80 years. Feral European honey bees out compete native fauna for à RUDO UHVRXUFHV DQG GLVUXSW QDWXUDO pollination processes which displaces endemic wildlife. Because of the honey bee’s size and weight, many of the smaller, more delicate native à RZHUV DUH GDPDJHG PHDQLQJ SROlination cant occur. This in turn leads to the destruction and discontinuation of many native plant species. By designing for the Blue banded bee, this could counteract the negative HIIHFWV WKH KRQH\ EHH KDV WR RXU à RUD and fauna.

Solitary Bees Conservation, Rearing and Management for Pollination Breno M. Freitas and JĂşlio OtĂĄvio P. Pereira December 10, 2009 http://www.webbee.org.br/bpi/solitary/ livro_04.pdf Prepared for the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities by Anna J Carr, June 2011

ANIMopoly

PG.130

BLUE BANDED BEE

BLUE BANDED BEE NESTING TYPES

NESTING TYPES

Sandy loam soil

Sandy loam soil

Soft sandstone

Soft sandstone

Clay and gravel

Clay and gravel

Soft mortar

Soft mortar

Soft wood

PG.131

Blue Banded Bee’s are solitary species whereby the female creates a single nest to lay her eggs. She seeks an environment of softer substrates such as sandy loam, soft sandstone and even soft and decaying mortar. The males roost in clumps on leaves, grasses and branched stems. This break down of materials starts to allow for the distinction between what materiality I need to play with to house these bee’s or what exists already that could act as a trigger to allow these native species to once again thrive within our urban environments.

ANIMopoly

PG.132

SURROUNDING HABITAT

Blue banded bee distribu

Low

PG.133

ution

Medium

High

SURROUNDING HABITAT

The Blue Banded Bee occupies the outer fringes of Melbourne’s CBD. They reside in public and residential parks and gardens. The more commonly known European honey bee occupies much the same locations but unlike the blue banded bee this insect is highly aggressive, territorial, unable to buzz pollinate which can harm many of Australia’s native plant species. This research will look at ways in which I can start to allow for the Blue Banded Bee to permeate the city more extensively.

ANIMopoly

PG.134

POLLINATION Bees account for the highest percentage of pollination than any other specie, making this insect a valuable part to any planted ecology. Pollination is the process by which plants sexually reproduce. Many plants depend on animals, particularly insects, to transfer pollen as they forage. Plants attract pollinators in various ways, by offering pollen or nectar meals and by JXLGLQJ WKHP WR WKH Ă RZHU XVLQJ VFHQW and visual cues. This has resulted in strong relationships between plants and the animals that pollinate them. ,W LV HVWLPDWHG WKDW RI DOO Ă RZering plants and some seed plants require insects for pollination. This percentage is even greater for economically important crops that provide IUXLWV YHJHWDEOHV WH[WLOH UHODWHG Ă€EUHV and medicinal products. Because LQVHFWV DUH VXFK HIĂ€FLHQW SROOLQDWRUV plants have developed many ways of encouraging them to visit. This has led to some strong associations between plants and insects. 7KH PRVW HIĂ€FLHQW WHFKQLTXH RI SROOLnation is Buzz pollination also known as sonication. Australia’s Blue Banded Bee has the ability to buzz pollinate more effective than any other native insect specie. As stated previously, many fruit and vegetable plants require Buzz pollination for the reproduction of plant species. Such plants include eggplants, kiwi fruit, peas, lucerne and tomatoes. Without appropriate pollinators, commercial and private fruit and vegetable growing LV VLJQLĂ€FDQWO\ UHGXFHG ,Q $XVWUDOian glasshouse-based tomato farms, there was no common buzz pollinator available, so tomato growers were forced to use an “electric beeâ€? vibraWRU WR SROOLQDWH Ă RZHUV 7KLV LV YHU\ labour intensive and adds cost to the Ă€QDO SURGXFW *URZHUV WKHQ SURSRVHG that the Commonwealth Government allow the introduction of the European bumble bee (Bombus terrestris) as a pollinator for glass house grown vegetables, despite the fact that this bee could create a potential environmental disaster, like the cane toad and

European Carp. Similar to the honey bee the bumble bee is too heavy and could destroy many of Australia’s native plant species and for reasons that remain mysterious, honey bees do not sonicate, making the blue banded bee and other native Australian bee species a valuable and integral part of Australia’s environments, for the reproduction and continuation of our native plant species

REQUIREMENTS

POLLINATION

PG.135

Fruit Flies Common Flies

Ants

Bees

wasps

Beetles

Butterflies Moths

Fruit Bats Nectar Eating Birds

Bernhardt P. Anther adaptation in animal pollination.pp. 192-220 in W.G. D’Arcy & R.C. Keating (eds) The Anther. Form, Function and Phylogeny. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Cunningham, S.A., FitzGibbon F., and Heard T.A. 2002 The future of pollinators for Australian agriculture. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 53: 893-900.

ANIMopoly

PG.136

REQUIREMENTS

PLANTING SELECTION Summer Autumn Winter

Spring Necter Producing plant for bees

Necter producing plant for butterflys

Provides food source to catterpillars

Coastal Rosemary Westringia Fruticosa

Bushy Needlewood Hakea decurrens

Creeping Fan-flower Scaevola hookeri

Velvet Dampiera dampiera marifolia

Austral indigo Indigofera australis

Silver wattle Acacia dealbata

Australian blackthorn Bursaria spinosa

Dog rose, river rose Bauera rubioides

Forget-Me-Not Myosotis sylvatica

Blue Pincushion Brunonia australis

Pin-cushion Hakea hakea laurina

Plunkett Mallee Eucalyptus curtisii

Erect Guinea-flower Hibbertia riparia

Sweet Bursaria Bursaria spinosa

Button Grass Gymnoschoenus Sphaerocephalus

Hairpin Banksia banksia spinulosa

Common Heath Epacris impressa

Southern Sassafras Antheroperma moschatum

Grey Spider Flower grevillea buxifolia

Fuchsia Heath Epacris longiflora

Cut Leaf Daisy Brachyscome multifida

Blady Grass Imperata cylindrica

Rough Bush Pea pultenaea scabra

Granite Honey Myrtle Melaleuca elliptica

Golden tip Goodia lotifolia

Yellow Box Eucalypt melliodora

Native Flax linum marginale

Tanika Lomandra longifolia

tle

PG.137

PLANTING SELECTION

Planting types are extremely important to the existence of certain species. I have deliberately selected native plant species as a way of privileging Velvet Dampiera Pink Mulla Mulla and reintroducing our native species dampiera marifolia Ptilotus exaltatus back into the urban environment. Through the use of European plants this has allowed for a hierarchy of the H[RWLF DQLPDO WR EHQHĂ€W IURP SODQWV from their native land. However, by allowing Australian plants this comthisrose notion, allowing for an iden-Bottlebrush Dogbats rose, river Crimson Bauera Callistemon citrinus tityrubioides and a way of conserving these plant species. Perhaps over a period of time these planting selections with adapt to the urban environment more extensively thus giving these plants a chance to adapt and live within our urban environments. Plunkett Mallee

Pink Mulla Mulla Ptilotus exaltatus

Swan plant Asclepias physocarpa

Crimson Bottlebrush Callistemon citrinus

Spiny-head Mat-rush Lomandra longifolia

Purple Flag. Patersonia occidentalis.

Little Gumball Angophora costata

Happy Wanderer Hardenbergia Violacea

Golden everlasting Xerochrysum bracteatum

Native pigface carpobrotus rossii

Forest Phebalium Phebalium squamulosum

Fuchsia Heath Epacris longiflora

Native pigface carpobrotus rossii

Lemon-scented Gum Eucalyptus citriodora

Native Rose Boronia serrulata

Granite Honey Myrtle Melaleuca elliptica

Lemon-scented Gum Eucalyptus citriodora

Red Ironbark Eucalyptus tricarpa

Red-flowering gum Corymbia ficifolia

Eucalyptus curtisii

Purple Flag. Patersonia occidentalis

Hairpin Banksia banksia spinulosa

Happy Wanderer Hardenbergia Violacea

Tanika Lomandra longifolia

Red Ironbark Eucalyptus tricarpa

ANIMopoly

PLANT TYPES

PG.138

REQUIREMENTS

PG.139

%\ DOORFDWLQJ SODQWV WR VSHFLĂ€F W\SHV I can start to play with allocating them to certain environments within Melbourne. This palette could be used throughout the city allowing a privileging of native species. This may then lead to a change of hierarchies in native to non native animals. How can I use these plants to open corridors for the succession of the Blue Banded Bee and other animal varieties?

PLANTING SELECTION

ANIMopoly

PG.140

RESEARCH QUESTIONS “All of us humans have myriad other species to thank. Without them, we couldn’t exist. ,W¡V WKDW VLPSOH DQG ZH FDQ¡W DIIRUG WR LJQRUH WKHP DQ\PRUH WKDQ , FDQ DIIRUG WR QHJOHFW my precious wife--nor the sweet mother Earth that births and holds us all. :LWKRXW XV (DUWK ZLOO DELGH DQG HQGXUH ZLWKRXW KHU KRZHYHU ZH FRXOG QRW HYHQ EH Âľ Alan Weisman, The World Without Us pg 287

PG.141

Currently focusing on the Blue Banded Bee, can I use this insects pollinating abilities to stimulate plant growth, introduce other animal varieties and structure Melbourne’s environment to allow this vulnerable insect specie to once again thrive over the introduced Honey bee? August 15th 7KH XUEDQ HFRORJ\ DURXQG )HGHUDWLRQ 6T LV D EXV\ EULJKW DQG PHGLD LQà XHQFHV area. How can the introduction of the Blue banded bee work in with the people who use this space? How can I start to use crowds as generators of new forms of programatic experiences in architecture? September 26th

Through urban ecologies built for people how does our architecture start to create ecologies and homes for the Blue Banded Bee? September 28th

ANIMopoly

PG.142

HOUSING

MORTAR TYPES

Type M Mortar (strongest) PSI 2500 3 parts Portland cement, 1 part lime, 12 parts sand

Mortar Type S PSI 1800 2 parts Portland cement, 1 part lime, 9 parts sand.

Mortar Type N (commonly used) PSI 750 1 part Portland cement, 1 part lime, 6 parts sand.

Mortar Type O PSI 350 1 part Portland cement, 2 parts lime, 9 parts sand.

Mortar Type K (Historic Mortar) PSI 250-300 1 part Portland cement, 3 parts Lime, 10 parts sand.

PG.143

MORTAR TYPES

Mortar types play an important role in the habitation of the Blue Banded Bee. The Blue Banded Bee nests in soft the PRUWDU W\SHV 2 DQG . 7KHVH VSHFLÀF mortar types are either found in old homes, historic buildings and mortar used for garden walls. However, because of advances in technology and science, mortar has become increasingly stronger which means only very certain housing types are suitable for the inhabitation of this insect specie. This information brings my research WR ÀQG VXLWDEOH ORFDWLRQV ZKHUH WKH bee can inhabit. By analysing the surrounding green areas and residential housing the older buildings in close proximity of the green areas will act as the propagation of this bee’s inhabitation.

Bottom opposite; degradation of mortar types, allowing for bee permeability.

ANIMopoly

PG.144

LANDMARKS ,W KDV EHHQ VFLHQWLÀFDOO\ SURYHQ that Bees navigate with the use of landmarks, similar to the ways we navigate within our surrounds. Through the use of these landmarks, advertising and planting schemes can I start to manipulate how we view our city, or create an orientation device through the use of the bee? By developing opportunities for the Blue %DQGHG %HH DQG SHRSOH ZKDW EHQHÀWV could accompany this?

WESLEY CHURCH

ST PATRICKS CATHEDRAL

LANDMARKS

PG.145

LANDMARKS

VICTORIA ST BOUVARIE

ST PAULS CATHEDRAL

Collett, B, A & Collett, T, S 1992. Landmark learning and guidence in insects. Phil. Trans R Soc. Lond. B 337, 295-303

ANIMopoly

SITE ANALYSIS

PG.146

HISTORIC BUILDING LOCATIONS

2

4

PG.147

1

ST PATRICKS CATHEDRAL

2

WESLEY CHURCH

1 3

VICTORIA ST BOUVARIE

Victoria and Bouverie st

4

ST PAULS CATHEDRAL

HISTORIC BUILDING SITES BREAKDOWN

The historic buildings were selected upon the proximity to garden spaces around Melbourne and the historic mortar type K that all these buildings have in common to house the Blue Banded Bee. Through selecting these VSHFLĂ€F ORFDWLRQV OLNH WKH SURFHVV used for the Micro-bat, this will act as a activation site to create corridors into the city from an external force. The analysis that follows will give a brief breakdown of the following four sites, Wesley Church, St Pauls Cathedral, abandoned building on Victoria st and St Patricks Cathedral.

ANIMopoly

ECOLOGY DIAGRAM All sites within Melbourne have a distinct urban ecology that is similar to ecologies that exist in the natural world. Animal’s see these urban ecologies as opportunities to inhabit, making adaptation an easier task. By analysing the selected sites surrounds, it allows for an understanding of plant species that could be introduced to then allow inhabitation of species.

PG.148

SITE ANALYSIS

PG.149

HISTORIC BUILDING SITES BREAKDOWN

ANIMopoly

1

PG.150

SITE ANALYSIS

ST PATRICKS CATHEDRAL The site around St Patrick’s is very open and surrounded by Victorian style gardens. The plants around the area are predominately European, consisting of Elm trees, plane trees, and wisterias that dominate the nature strips. The parks and gardens cater for many bird species such as mud larks, thrushes, pigeons, Brush tailed possums, magpies and sparrows. The parks and gardens seem somewhat dark and lacking in colour, perhaps the planting schemes have not allowed IRU à RZHULQJ VSHFLHV WR GRPLQDWH

PG.151

2

HISTORIC BUILDING SITES BREAKDOWN

WESLEY CHURCH Wesley Church is located within a GDUN DQG TXLWH FRQĂ€QHG ORFDWLRQ 7KH climate is colder than other locations and has high levels of moisture. Surrounding site consists of many small alley ways and all streets have Plane trees planted on nature strips, again another very European dominated species exist within this site.

Canopy

Canopy

ANIMopoly

3

SITE ANALYSIS

PG.152

VICTORIA ST BOUVARIE

Victoria and Bouverie st

This abandoned building already houses many animal species. When KXPDQV DEDQGRQ VSDFHV \RX ÀQG WKDW various animal species move in on the opportunity. In Royal Park where White’s Skink was found residing in the rubble and debris of demolished buildings and rubbish, this lizard, once considered extinct from the area has taken up a last remnant of what is in its view a rocky habitat, which is our visually displeasing trash. The site is very open, un-maintained and full of weeds. The Blue Banded Bee has already taken up refuge within this location, pollinating the dandelions and other invasive weed species. By planting native plant species, this will in turn lead to a succession of native plants and animals, thus privileging the Blue Banded Bee.

light Noise

light Noise

Void

Void

Canopy Canopy

Open Open

Edge

Edge

PG.153

4

HISTORIC BUILDING SITES BREAKDOWN

ST PAUL’S CATHEDRAL St Pauls is a busy location drawing people from all parts of Melbourne and outer regions of Australia due to its touristy destination. The space is open, vibrant, and busy, full of advertising and lights.

do clear paper for layers

Aa

do clear paper for layers

Aa

A A Canopy Canopy

Open Open

Edge

Edge

ANIMopoly

PG.154

SITE ANALYSIS

SITE ECOLOGIES WESLEY CHURCH

ST PATRICKS CATHEDRAL

VICTORIA ST BOUVARIE

swanston st

ST PAULS CATHEDRAL

City sq

PG.155

SITE ECOLOGIES

Plants have an amazing ability to clean the air as well as creating environments for a diversity of species. Plants are most effective at trapping the larger particles in the air. Such particles contribute to the urban haze effect. Plants are able to trap larger particles made up of organic carbon compounds: elemental carbon or soot, salt, sulphates, nitrates and GXVW 2WKHU EHQHÀWV VXFK DV FDUERQ sinking and conversion of carbon dioxide into oxygen via the process of photosynthesis also have impacts on the wider environmental quality of the city. By analysing the site around my selected locations I can determine certain native plant species that could be introduced and grown within the area. All the locations have a different construct, facing South, East side Wesley church is darker and damper than the solids around St Paul’s North, West facing side for instance. By maintaining the use of native plant species this creates opportunities for RXU QDWLYH DQLPDOV WR EHQHÀW UDWKHU than privileging non native animal species. Creating a set of hierarchies FDQ LQÁXHQFH WKH FHUWDLQ GLYHUVLW\ RI non human others as well as creating an Australian identity.

ANIMopoly

PG.156

SITE ANALYSIS

USER ANALYSIS

Wesley Church and surrounding locations

Through visiting each of the locations , LGHQWLÀHG WKH FHUWDLQ XVHU JURXSV that dominated each of the sites that surround historic building types. This analysis had identifying the user types and how I could design for a VSHFLÀF XVHU

St Patricks’s Cathedral and surrounding locations

PG.157

Victoria St, New design Hub and surrounding locations

USER ANALYSIS

St Paul’s Cathedral and surrounding locations

ANIMopoly

PG.158

ADVERTISING TO SPECIES

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

PG.159

Throughout the day people are constantly being advertised to. Advertising uses techniques to engage people to buy their product. Plants produce reproductive organs NQRZQ DV ÁRZHUV LQ WKH DLU WR DWWUDFW pollinators and chemical patterns invisible to the human eye are painted’ on them to guide alighting insects. Similarly the city is covered in billboards and signs aimed at evoking consummatory behaviour in humans. Stepping out of these prepackaged narratives challenges the way we are used to looking at the world, reminding us that our choices affect ecologies beyond our direct experience, or just that we shouldn’t take ourselves to seriously. How can I use advertising as a way of evoking ecologies and diversity of species?

ANIMopoly

PG.160

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

SITE ADVERTISING

Church

Park and Gardens

Advertising

Train commuters

Tram and Taxi stop

The numerous advertisements displayed on and around landmarks around Federation Square

Federation Square

SBS Building

Traffic PG.161

ANIMopoly

PG.162

ADVERTISING TO USERS

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

PG.163

Advertising plays an effective role in consumerism and they way we YLHZ PDQ\ SURGXFWV ,W VSHFLÀFDOO\ targets certain audiences and takes on various forms. Our cities are full RI DGYHUWLVLQJ DQG LW LQÁXHQFHV RXU choices and thoughts every day without notice. If all sorts of advertising was surrounded with plants would this alter the perceptions and thoughts of people consciously and subconsciously?

ANIMopoly

PG.164

ADVERTISING TO INSECTS

Blue-banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

False garden mantis Pseudomantis albofimbriata

Mosquitoes

Bush Fly Musca vetustissima

Daddy Long Legs Pholcus phalangioides

Garden Orb Weaving Spider Eriphora biapicata

Common Spotted Ladybird Harmonia conformis

Cockroach

Earwig Species

Bugong Moth Agrotis infusa

PG.165

There are more insects in the world than any other creature, adapting to a broad range of habitats they are VXFFHVVIXOO\ ÀQGLQJ WKHLU RZQ QLFKH because they will consume almost any substance that has nutritional value. Insects have distinctive requirements when it comes to housing types. Depending on the nature of the species ZKHWKHU WKDW EH D à \LQJ LQVHFW JURXQG dwelling, carnivorous, herbivorous, the locations of the housing type and the shape is extremely important. To maintain a healthy and diverse ecosystem there needs to be an abundance of species to work in a symbiotic fashion. Insects are drawn into the city by the bright lights. On various occasions whilst driving home late at QLJKW , ZRXOG VHH à RFNV RI VHDJXOOV bats and other birds feasting upon these bugs high up in the air around buildings and bridges. This is another example of how the city has altered the behaviour and habitat of various species. Insects no longer swarm near WKH PRRQV OXPLQRVLW\ UHà HFWHG DQG bounced off on cliff edges. Instead they swarm around the lights of signs, billboards and infrastructure. Insects play an important role in the diversity of any habitat, although rarely seen, they exist amongst us in their hundreds of thousands. They perform a vast number of important functions in our ecosystem, from aerating soil, pollinating blossoms, and control insect and plant pests; they also decompose dead materials, thereby reintroducing nutrients into the soil. Burrowing bugs such as ants and beetles dig tunnels that provide channels for water, EHQHÀWLQJ SODQWV %HHV SOD\ D PDMRU UROH LQ SROOLQDWLQJ *DUGHQHUV EHQHÀW from the presence of praying mantis’s because they control the size of certain insect populations, such as aphids and caterpillars, which feed on new plant growth. Finally, all insects fertilize the soil with the nutrients from their droppings. If these insects didn’t exist within our various environments there ZRXOG EH QR SODQWV QR à RZHUV WKH air quality would be fouled from the

lack of plants as well as the smell from decaying materials left behind. Due to their important role and lack of admiration from people, how can I use existing infrastructures to house these insects, leading to the succession of biodiversity and health of our urban environments?

ANIMopoly

PG.166

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

BUG HOUSE BILLBOARD

Mosquitoes

Cockroach

Earwig Varieties

Micro-bat

PG.167

Around St Paul’s Cathedrals busy streets, Swanston st and Flinders, people in their thousands visit and commute to this location every day. Opposite the building on top of Young and Jacksons Hotel I propose WR ÀW LQVHFW KRXVLQJ LQWR WKH ELOOERDUG This would allow for a succession of insects species to inhabit the area. The insects would be attracted to the light during the evening allowing for other species to feed upon them. In turn WKH 0LFUR EDW ZRXOG WRR EHQHÀW IURP the design, feeding off the insects DQG URRVWLQJ ZLWKLQ WKH UHWURÀWWHG billboard. By planting around the billboard or creating a rooftop this creates viable food sources and a space for the Blue Banded Bee to pollinate and act as a trigger and ecology for many insect and animal species. Over time plants would start to emerge out of the billboard opening up perceptions on how people view advertising, it also exposes the other, and people, though many will remain XQDZDUH ZLOO EHQHÀW IURP WKH LQKDELtation of species.

ANIMopoly

BUG HOUSE BILLBOARD

PG.168

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

PG.169

The billboard design opens up the possibility to create other similar infrastructures, throughout Melbourne. It creates an opportunity for RXU QRQ KXPDQ RWKHUV WR LQĂ€OWUDWH particular parts of the city., openning up corridors and opportunities for cross specie inhabitancy. This proMHFW DPSOLĂ€HV DQ HFRORJ\ IRU WKH EHH but also a diversity of other species. Complimenting species which then tie into the design for the Microbat, this allows for the succession and population control of animals.

Opposite: Diagram depicting how the Billboard design works in with people, Blue Banded Bee, planting schemes and the micro bat.

ANIMopoly

BUG HOUSE BILLBOARD

PG.170

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

PG.171

ANIMALS

ADVERTISING HUMANS

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

RETROFIT

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

NEW ECOLOGY

PERCEPTION

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

WandererWanderer butterfly bu Danus plexip Danus plexippus

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus Blue Bee Banded Bee Blue Banded AmegillaAmegilla cingulatacingulata

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

The Superb Fairywren Malurus cyaneus

ANIMopoly

PG.172

BEE ORIENTATION AND SUCCESSION Bees patrol a territory within a 300m radius. If bees are also attracted to blue, people and bees will start to interact with the notion of navigating through the lense of the bee. By setting up this navigation, I can create D QHWZRUN WKDW VSHFLÀFDOO\ WDUJHW ORFDtions to allow for the Blue Banded Bee to inhabit. Creating a the opportunity for Blue banded bee over its invasive other, the honey bee. This diagram depicts the stages of the Blue banded bee’s progression WR LQÀOWUDWH WKH FLW\ )URP WKH RXWHU locations (parks) the bees will extend and inhabit type K mortar type from historic buildings (blue). Planting schemes can then be implemented, opening up corridors to extend into other type K mortar infrastructures throughout Melbourne (purple).

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

PG.173

Bee’s already occupying outer gardens of CBD, designs bring insects into CBD

300m 200m 100m Blue Banded Bee Travel range

1st stage: Habitation into historic buildings, extended from original gardens of outer CBD Melbourne 2nd stage: Through strategic planting bees extend into other historic buildings

ANIMopoly

LANDMARKS

PG.174

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

PG.175

Exploration of how Bee’s and humans navigate through a space with the use of landmarks and obstacles. The Blue Banded Bee could be used to pollinate certain locations by disorientating it. 7KLV H[SORUDWLRQ WKRXJK QRW ÀQLVKHG could open up to many design possibilities which I could use in future research, such as space that changes and adapts to the user activating and deactivating a space.

ANIMopoly

PG.176

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

NATIVE PLANTING, ORIENTATION With the historic buildings selected with mortar type K the spaces around these locations need to be planted ZLWK ÁRZHULQJ SODQWV 7KURXJK WKH use of my planting pallet and scheme, by planting the native plants this would allow a viable food source for the bee as well as a healthy, beautiful and maintained environment only sustained through the bees existence. This would then cause other historic buildings to be inhabited and we can EHQHÀW IURP WKH SROOLQDWLQJ HIIHFWV RI the Blue banded bee.

Bee’s already occupying outer gardens of CBD, designs bring insects into CBD

300m 200m 100m Blue Banded Bee Travel range

1st stage: Habitation into historic buildings, extended from original gardens of outer CBD Melbourne 2nd stage: Through strategic planting bees extend into other historic buildings

Wesley Church

River Dog Rose ¬Bauera rubioides

Forget-Me-Not Myosotis sylvatica

Native Rose Boronia serrulata

Creeping Fan-flower Scaevola hookeri

Common Heath Epacris impressa

River Dog Rose ¬ Bauera rubioides

Forget-Me-Not Myosotis sylvatica

Native Rose Boronia serrulata

Purple Flag Patersonia occidentalis

Creeping Fan-flower Scaevola hookeri

Common Heath Epacris impressa

Victoria st, RMIT Design Hub

Native Flax Linum marginale Golden everlasting Xerochrysum bracteatum

Golden tip Goodia lotifolia

Cut Leaf Daisy Brachyscome multifida

Tanika Lomandra longifolia

Blue Pincushion Brunonia australis

Native Flax Linum marginale

Golden everlasting Xerochrysum bracteatum

Golden tip Goodia lotifolia

Cut Leaf Daisy Brachyscome multifida

Tanika Lomandra longifolia

Blue Pincushion Brunonia australis

PG.177

Before

After

Golden Everlastings

Golden Everlastings

Forget me not 1DWLYH ﾃ．[

Native Pig Face

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

The Superb Fairywren Malurus cyaneus

ANIMopoly

BLUE LANDMARKS Blue banded bees are attracted to blue REMHFWV DV ZHOO DV EOXH DQG YLROHW Ă RZering plants. By tieing the colour blue into infrastructure, seating and objects within an area, I want this to provoke the awareness that the bee occupies this space, or the viewer questions why parts are blue in conjunction to the blue plants on the Billboard. This design starts to tie into the notion of using the bee as an orientation device or a way for the bee to navigate its way around the city.

PG.178

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

PG.179

ANIMopoly

INSECT CAVITIES

With the Bat Pods design in mind I created a design for the Blue Banded Bee to inhabit narrow alley ways or spaces that don’t allow for the insects inhabitation.

PG.180

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

PG.181

Directive tunnels into substrate

Exterior: Different insect housing

Sandy loam or soft, sandy substrate

Metal layer to prevent LQVHFWV IURP LQĂ€OWUDWLQJ into wall

ANIMopoly

INSECT CAVITIES

PG.182

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

PG.183

This space is another connective node to a system of generated habitats which allow for animals to inhabit and live amongst humans in urban environments. Its adaptable modular construction allows it to be used in different ways depending on how the environment operates. Working in spaces such as alley ways, small narrow and poorly lit locations, and areas where human activity is minimal. They can be deployed throughout Melbourne and work with current infrastructure. Rather than a clearly GHĂ€QHG KXPDQ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH WKLV produced form blends between our existing infrastructure, and in turn WKLV FUHDWHV DQ XQGHĂ€QHG VSDFH ZKHUH both humans and animals can exist WRJHWKHU XQQRWLFHG EXW EHQHĂ€WLQJ from each others existence. This is an opportunistic space for the Blue Banded Bee. It allows for all locations within Melbourne to facilitate the inhabitancy of the bbb and other insect and animal varieties.

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Wanderer butterfly Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus Danus plexippus Blue Banded Bee cingulata BlueAmegilla Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

Wanderer butterfly Danus plexippus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

The Superb Fairywren Malurus cyaneus

Blue Banded Bee Amegilla cingulata

ANIMopoly

RESIDENTIAL

PG.184

DESIGNING FOR THE BBB

PG.185

With the succession of the Blue EDQGHG EHH SHRSOH ZLOO EHQHÀW IURP its pollination abilities. Plants will maintain a healthier state and much less maintenance would be required. Although initial input from the human is required, the bee will maintain the productivity of the space, generating new ecologies and micro-climates WKDW SHRSOH ZLOO EHQHÀW IURP Native, indigenous or endemic plant’s will succeed in the blue banded bee’s presence, allowing a succession of native plants to hopefully grow amongst urban areas without human intervention. Overall, the succession of the Blue Banded Bee will extend into the wider community, and although many will not notice its presence they will notice the health and productivity of their gardens.

Through the implementation of these designs combined, this will open up the city to become a more viable animal environment.

ANIMopoly

FUTURE

PG.186

FUTURE

PG.187

My project has explored many avenues but has only scratched the surface to many other possibilities. It has made me realise that any change to an environment will stimulate a change of heirachies positive or negative. Through social, politcal and economical factors, our cities are exstensivly becoming greener and with that, more

viable for animal inhabitancy. People are already starting to understand the capabilities and the positive effects we share with our ‘others’ and my designs and explorations have tried to expose the ‘other’ that many do not realise exists. Our cities are their own environment catered to house and maintain a human dominated society,

but our ‘others’ are breaking through the barriers, bringing with them new ways, new environments, new thinking and healthier relationships. Cross specie integration is an important and essential requirement for the health and diversity of any environment.

ANIMopoly

PG.188

CONCLUSION; PROGRESSION Over the course of this project I have rigorously researched and demonstrated the challenges of Animal/ Human cohabitation, dealing with the physical, ethical, political and social problems associated to designing for humans and our non human ‘others’. This has allowed me to create a complex system of rules, questions and designs. Through my research into Australia’s history, it is evident that many of our native animals excel in the process of adaption. Although these animals have exhibited highly adaptive behaviours, through my research, it seems FOHDU WKDW WKH LQĂ XHQFHV IURP HFRnomic, political and social progression have already started a shift towards healthier cities. This shift is resulting in more viable urban environments that can support the inhabitancy of other animal species. Determining the hierarchy of an enviURQPHQW LV WKH Ă€UVW VWHS WR LPSOHPHQW change. My designs attempt to expose the ‘other’ and instead of fearing the ‘other’ to embrace it. To create diversity within urban environments to then EHQHĂ€W IURP LWV SUHVHQFH VWLOO DOORZLQJ the Urban to operate as a human built environment. I have encountered problems regarding my project in terms of the privileging of native animal species to invasive. The ambition of this project creates opportunities for native aniPDOV VSHFLHV WR LQĂ€OWUDWH 0HOERXUQH¡V urban environments rather than removing the existing residents. By changing hierarchies through my designs, this allows a privileging of our native ‘others’ to support conservation efforts, the longevity and continuation of native species and maintain a KHDOWK\ GLYHUVLW\ RI $XVWUDOLD¡V Ă RUD and fauna. My research into the Micro-bat and the Blue banded bee, helped me to understand the importance of ma-

teriality and form. These two major components are critical in the role of designing for any specie. To allow for inhabitation of any specie including ourselves, we need to have the right environments to support this. Within urban environments, people have WR EH FRQVLGHUHG Ă€UVW WKHUHIRUH WKH design has to work in combination to people in ways that allow for a harmonious cohabitation of the two. Though many people display a zoo-phobic attitude towards animals we must realise that to consolidate or remove them from the environment is to deny key aspects of urban life and health of the urban ecosystem. To have something function you need the “otherâ€? to enable that. Associating a connection between human and animal is done through mimicking, acknowledging the animal itself, or allowing people to understand and view the animal in its environment, thus allowing the positive effects to be received through this DIĂ€OLDWLRQ Although I recognise that I have only just begun to scratch the surface of a complex topic, ANIMopoly has provided me with a new and exciting lense through which to approach situations in the future. I envision my project to excel and explore different animal groups amongst the urban environment. Exploring new ways of animal/human cohabitation, and exposing the ‘other’ to acknowledge its fundamental effects it has on our urban environments. We are responsible for many problems that face todays society, if we rethink and design with the intention of not only catering for humans we can creDWH DQ HQYLURQPHQW WKDW EHQHĂ€WV DOO and allow for the diversity of species

CONCLUSION;PROGRESSION

PG.189

SUMMARY

ANIMopoly

PG.190

DESIGN DIAGRAM

DESIGN DIAGRAM

04 Adjust (perception) (relationships) (hierarchies)

03

Links, expose, benefit, diversity.

Orchestrate (new programs) (new animals) (new relatioships)

Introduce, retrofit, amplify, deconstruct, remove.

02 Activate (new habitats) (new environments) (new opportunities)

01

Adapt/Utilise (existing)

Unpack site, Inhabitants, Ecologies.

PG.191

Diversity

THE ‘OTHER’

Social

Educational

Mental

Biophilia, (improves mental well

continuation o

Physical

Conservation

Reducing pollution

Economical

Productive, fertile urba Beautiful flowering

Viable, healthy cities

Visual

Biological control of pe

Environmental

ANIMopoly

PG.192

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS: Wilson, Edward O. (1984). Biophilia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-07442-4. David Gissen, Subnature: Architecture’s Other Environments (New York: Princeton Architectural, 2009), 154. Catherine Ingraham 2006. Architecture, animal, huma,; The asymmetrical Condition. Routledge ISBN 0-415-70106-6 Synurbization–adaptation of animal wildlife to urban developmentM Luniak - Proc. of 4th Intern. Urban Wildlife Symposium. Arizona: …, 2004 - cals.arizona.edu The world without us ‘by alan weisman 2007 virgin books london Bernhardt P. Anther adaptation in animal pollination.pp. 192-220 in W.G. D’Arcy & R.C. Keating (eds) The Anther. Form, Function and Phylogeny. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Cunningham, S.A., FitzGibbon F., and Heard T.A. 2002 The future of pollinators for Australian agriculture. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 53: 893-900. Hill, Dennis S. (1997). The economic importance of insects. Springer. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-412-49800-8. von Eckartsberg, R. (1998a). Introducing existential-phenomenological psychology. In R. Valle (Ed.), Phenomenological inquiry in psychology (pp. 3-20). New York: Plenum. von Eckartsberg, R. (1998b). Existential-phenomenological research. In R. Valle (Ed.), Phenomenological inquiry in psychology (pp. 21-61). New York: Plenum. INTERNET: Australian Bureau of Statistics: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3101.0Media%20Release1Sep%202011?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3101.0&issue=Sep%202011&num=&view= Spring and summer sparrow hawk food habitsDonald s. Heintzelman http://davidgarciastudio.blogspot.com/2008/07/zoo-network.html Coo de gras - pink pigeons for our parks, Clay Lucas; Retreived 28th March 2012 http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/coo-de-gras/2007/06/03/1180809340239.html http://library.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v076n04/p0323-p0330.pdf http://www.knox.vic.gov.au/Files/Native_Bees.pdf http://museumvictoria.com.au/discoverycentre/infosheets/bush-rat/ http://www.onlymelbourne.com.au/melbourne_details.php?id=2365 whites skink http://museumvictoria.com.au/discoverycentre/infosheets/lizards-found-in-victoria/whites-skink/ Arlingham, J. 1996. Bats, Biology and Behaviour. Oxford University Press.

PG.193

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